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Jin Y, Yuan H, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Liang X, Gao W, Ren Z, Ji X, Wu D. Role of hydrogen sulfide in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e661. [PMID: 39156767 PMCID: PMC11329756 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was recognized as a toxic and dangerous gas; in recent years, with increased research, we have discovered that H2S can act as an endogenous regulatory transmitter. In mammals, H2S-catalyzing enzymes, such as cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, are differentially expressed in a variety of tissues and affect a variety of biological functions, such as transcriptional and posttranslational modification of genes, activation of signaling pathways in the cell, and metabolic processes in tissues, by producing H2S. Various preclinical studies have shown that H2S affects physiological and pathological processes in the body. However, a detailed systematic summary of these roles in health and disease is lacking. Therefore, this review provides a thorough overview of the physiological roles of H2S in different systems and the diseases associated with disorders of H2S metabolism, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Meanwhile, this paper also introduces H2S donors and novel release modes, as well as the latest preclinical experimental results, aiming to provide researchers with new ideas to discover new diagnostic targets and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Qing Jin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Hang Yuan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Ya‐Fang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Yi‐Wen Zhu
- School of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Xiao‐Yi Liang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Zhi‐Guang Ren
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Xin‐Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- Faculty of Basic Medical SubjectsShu‐Qing Medical College of ZhengzhouZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Dong‐Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- Department of StomatologyHuaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
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2
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Zhao FY, Spencer SJ, Kennedy GA, Zheng Z, Conduit R, Zhang WJ, Xu P, Yue LP, Wang YM, Xu Y, Fu QQ, Ho YS. Acupuncture for primary insomnia: Effectiveness, safety, mechanisms and recommendations for clinical practice. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 74:101892. [PMID: 38232645 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Primary insomnia (PI) is an increasing concern in modern society. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia is the first-line recommendation, yet limited availability and cost impede its widespread use. While hypnotics are frequently used, balancing their benefits against the risk of adverse events poses challenges. This review summarizes the clinical and preclinical evidence of acupuncture as a treatment for PI, discussing its potential mechanisms and role in reliving insomnia. Clinical trials show that acupuncture improves subjective sleep quality, fatigue, cognitive impairments, and emotional symptoms with minimal adverse events. It also positively impacts objective sleep processes, including prolonging total sleep time, improving sleep efficiency, reducing sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset, and enhancing sleep architecture/structure, including increasing N3% and REM%, and decreasing N1%. However, methodological shortcomings in some trials diminish the overall quality of evidence. Animal studies suggest that acupuncture restores circadian rhythms in sleep-deprived rodents and improves their performance in behavioral tests, possibly mediated by various clinical variables and pathways. These may involve neurotransmitters, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, inflammatory cytokines, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, gut microbiota, and other cellular events. While the existing findings support acupuncture as a promising therapeutic strategy for PI, additional high-quality trials are required to validate its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yi Zhao
- Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, 201209, China; Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Russell Conduit
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Peijie Xu
- School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Li-Ping Yue
- Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, 201209, China.
| | - Qiang-Qiang Fu
- Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Bartman CM, Schiliro M, Nesbitt L, Lee KK, Prakash YS, Pabelick CM. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide attenuates hyperoxia effects on neonatal mouse airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L52-L64. [PMID: 37987780 PMCID: PMC11279744 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00196.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental O2 remains a necessary intervention for many premature infants (<34 wk gestation). Even moderate hyperoxia (<60% O2) poses a risk for subsequent airway disease, thereby predisposing premature infants to pediatric asthma involving chronic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway remodeling, and airflow obstruction. Moderate hyperoxia promotes AHR via effects on airway smooth muscle (ASM), a cell type that also contributes to impaired bronchodilation and remodeling (proliferation, altered extracellular matrix). Understanding mechanisms by which O2 initiates long-term airway changes in prematurity is critical for therapeutic advancements for wheezing disorders and asthma in babies and children. Immature or dysfunctional antioxidant systems in the underdeveloped lungs of premature infants thereby heightens susceptibility to oxidative stress from O2. The novel gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in antioxidant defense and has vasodilatory effects with oxidative stress. We previously showed that exogenous H2S exhibits bronchodilatory effects in human developing airway in the context of hyperoxia exposure. Here, we proposed that exogenous H2S would attenuate effects of O2 on airway contractility, thickness, and remodeling in mice exposed to hyperoxia during the neonatal period. Using functional [flexiVent; precision-cut lung slices (PCLS)] and structural (histology; immunofluorescence) analyses, we show that H2S donors mitigate the effects of O2 on developing airway structure and function, with moderate O2 and H2S effects on developing mouse airways showing a sex difference. Our study demonstrates the potential applicability of low-dose H2S toward alleviating the detrimental effects of hyperoxia on the premature lung.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic airway disease is a short- and long-term consequence of premature birth. Understanding effects of O2 exposure during the perinatal period is key to identify targetable mechanisms that initiate and sustain adverse airway changes. Our findings show a beneficial effect of exogenous H2S on developing mouse airway structure and function with notable sex differences. H2S donors alleviate effects of O2 on airway hyperreactivity, contractility, airway smooth muscle thickness, and extracellular matrix deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Marta Schiliro
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lisa Nesbitt
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Kenge K Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Manandhar S, Chambers S, Miller A, Ishii I, Bhatia M. Pharmacological Inhibition and Genetic Deletion of Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase in Mice Protects against Organ Injury in Sepsis: A Key Role of Adhesion Molecules on Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13650. [PMID: 37686458 PMCID: PMC10487872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), synthesized by cystathionine gamma-lyase (Cth), contributes to the inflammatory response observed in sepsis. This study examines the effect of Cth-derived H2S in adhesion molecules on endothelial cells of vital organs in mice in a cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced model of sepsis, using two different and complementary approaches: Cth gene deletion and pharmacological inhibition. Our findings revealed a decreased level of H2S-synthesizing activity (via Cth) in both Cth-/- mice and PAG-treated wild-type (WT) mice following CLP-induced sepsis. Both treatment groups had reduced MPO activity and expression of chemokines (MCP-1 and MIP-2α), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and NF-κB in the liver and lung compared with in CLP-WT mice. Additionally, we found that PAG treatment in Cth-/- mice had no additional effect on the expression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, NF-κB, or the production of chemokines and adhesion molecules in the liver and lung compared to Cth-/- mice following CLP-induced sepsis. The WT group with sepsis had an increased immunoreactivity of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells in the liver and lung than the WT sham-operated control. The Cth-/-, PAG-treated WT, and Cth-/- groups of mice showed decreased immunoreactivity of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells in the liver and lung following sepsis. Inhibition of H2S production via both approaches reduced adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells and reduced liver and lung injury in mice with sepsis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that H2S has an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and validates PAG use as a suited tool for investigating the Cth/H2S-signalling axis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Manandhar
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (S.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Stephen Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (S.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrew Miller
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (S.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan;
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (S.C.); (A.M.)
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Panthalattu Parambil A, Shamjith S, Kurian J, Kesavan A, Sen AK, Thangaraj PR, Maiti KK, Manheri MK. A dual mode 'turn-on' fluorescence-Raman (SERS) response probe based on a 1 H-pyrrol-3(2 H)-one scaffold for monitoring H 2S levels in biological samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2853-2860. [PMID: 37260380 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of the biological signaling roles of H2S has spurred great interest in developing reliable methods for its accurate detection and quantification. As considerable variation in its levels is seen during pathological conditions such as sepsis, real-time quantification methods have relevance in diagnosis as well. Of various approaches, reaction-based probes which respond through 'off-on' fluorescence emission remain the most studied. Since the intensity of emission is related to the analyte concentration in these measurements, the presence of built-in features which provide an opportunity for internal referencing will be advantageous. In view of this, a dual mode response system that senses H2S through characteristic fluorescence and Raman (SERS) signals based on a 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one scaffold was developed and is the main highlight of this report. This probe offers several advantages such as fast response (<1 min), and high selectivity and sensitivity with a detection limit of ∼7 nM. Imaging of H2S in HepG2 cells, making use of the SERS signal from the thiolysis product is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanmughan Shamjith
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSTD, Organic Chemistry Section, Industrial Estate P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jais Kurian
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Akila Kesavan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ashis K Sen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Paul R Thangaraj
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Transplant Surgery, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
- Adjunct Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSTD, Organic Chemistry Section, Industrial Estate P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Muraleedharan K Manheri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Brokmeier HM, Seelhammer TG, Nei SD, Gerberi DJ, Mara KC, Wittwer ED, Wieruszewski PM. Hydroxocobalamin for Vasodilatory Hypotension in Shock: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis for Comparison to Methylene Blue. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023:S1053-0770(23)00241-0. [PMID: 37147207 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxocobalamin inhibits nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation, and has been used in settings of refractory shock. However, its effectiveness and role in treating hypotension remain unclear. The authors systematically searched Ovid Medline, Embase, EBM Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection for clinical studies reporting on adult persons who received hydroxocobalamin for vasodilatory shock. A meta-analysis was performed with random-effects models comparing the hemodynamic effects of hydroxocobalamin to methylene blue. The Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 24 studies were identified and comprised mainly of case reports (n = 12), case series (n = 9), and 3 cohort studies. Hydroxocobalamin was applied mainly for cardiac surgery vasoplegia, but also was reported in the settings of liver transplantation, septic shock, drug-induced hypotension, and noncardiac postoperative vasoplegia. In the pooled analysis, hydroxocobalamin was associated with a higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 1 hour than methylene blue (mean difference 7.80, 95% CI 2.63-12.98). There were no significant differences in change in MAP (mean difference -4.57, 95% CI -16.05 to 6.91) or vasopressor dosage (mean difference -0.03, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.06) at 1 hour compared to baseline between hydroxocobalamin and methylene blue. Mortality was also similar (odds ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.42-2.03). The evidence supporting the use of hydroxocobalamin for shock is limited to anecdotal reports and a few cohort studies. Hydroxocobalamin appears to positively affect hemodynamics in shock, albeit similar to methylene blue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott D Nei
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Kristin C Mara
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Patrick M Wieruszewski
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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High-Dose IV Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) in Septic Shock: A Double-Blind, Allocation-Concealed, Placebo-Controlled Single-Center Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (The Intravenous Hydroxocobalamin in Septic Shock Trial). Chest 2023; 163:303-312. [PMID: 36174744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) contributes to vasodilatation and hypotension in septic shock, and traditional therapies do not target this pathophysiologic mechanism. High-dose IV hydroxocobalamin scavenges and prevents H2S formation, which may restore vascular tone and may accentuate recovery. No experimental human studies have tested high-dose IV hydroxocobalamin in adults with septic shock. RESEARCH QUESTION In adults with septic shock, is comparing high-dose IV hydroxocobalamin with placebo feasible? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a phase 2 single-center, double-blind, allocation-concealed, placebo-controlled, parallel-group pilot randomized controlled trial comparing high-dose IV hydroxocobalamin with placebo in critically ill adults with septic shock. Patients meeting Sepsis 3 criteria were randomized 1:1 to receive a single 5-g dose of high-dose IV hydroxocobalamin or equivalent volume 0.9% saline solution as placebo. The primary outcome was study feasibility (enrollment rate, clinical and laboratory compliance rate, and contamination rate). Secondary outcomes included between-group differences in plasma H2S concentrations and vasopressor dose before and after infusion. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled over 19 months, establishing an enrollment rate of 1.05 patients per month. Protocol adherence rates were 100% with zero contamination. In the high-dose IV hydroxocobalamin group, compared to placebo, there was a greater reduction in vasopressor dose between randomization and postinfusion (-36% vs 4%, P < .001) and randomization and 3-h postinfusion (-28% vs 10%, P = .019). In the high-dose IV hydroxocobalamin group, the plasma H2S level was reduced over 45 mins by -0.80 ± 1.73 μM, as compared with -0.21 ± 0.64 μM in the placebo group (P = .3). INTERPRETATION This pilot trial established favorable feasibility metrics. Consistent with the proposed mechanism of benefit, high-dose IV hydroxocobalamin compared with placebo was associated with reduced vasopressor dose and H2S levels at all time points and without serious adverse events. These data provide the first proof of concept for feasibility of delivering high-dose IV hydroxocobalamin in septic shock. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03783091; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov.
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Hydrogen Sulfide: A Gaseous Mediator and Its Key Role in Programmed Cell Death, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112162. [PMID: 36358533 PMCID: PMC9687070 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been acknowledged as a novel gaseous mediator. The metabolism of H2S in mammals is tightly controlled and is mainly achieved by many physiological reactions catalyzed by a suite of enzymes. Although the precise actions of H2S in regulating programmed cell death, oxidative stress and inflammation are yet to be fully understood, it is becoming increasingly clear that H2S is extensively involved in these crucial processes. Since programmed cell death, oxidative stress and inflammation have been demonstrated as three important mechanisms participating in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases, it can be inferred that aberrant H2S metabolism also functions as a critical contributor to pulmonary diseases, which has also been extensively investigated. In the meantime, substantial attention has been paid to developing therapeutic approaches targeting H2S for pulmonary diseases. In this review, we summarize the cutting-edge knowledge on the metabolism of H2S and the relevance of H2S to programmed cell death, oxidative stress and inflammation. We also provide an update on the crucial roles played by H2S in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. Finally, we discuss the perspective on targeting H2S metabolism in the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Manandhar S, Scott-Thomas A, Harrington M, Sinha P, Pilbrow A, Richards AM, Cameron V, Bhatia M, Chambers ST. Hydrogen Sulfide and Substance P Levels in Patients with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteraemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158639. [PMID: 35955767 PMCID: PMC9368963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and substance P (SP) are known from animal models and in vitro studies as proinflammatory mediators. In this study, peripheral blood concentrations of H2S and SP were measured in patients with Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia. Fifty patients were recruited from general wards at Christchurch Hospital, during 2020–2021. Samples from age- and sex-matched healthy subjects previously recruited as controls for studies of cardiovascular disease were used as controls. The concentrations of H2S were higher than controls on day 0, day 1, and day 2, and SP was higher than controls on all 4 days. The concentrations of H2S were highest on day 0, whereas SP concentrations were higher on day 2 than other days. Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were significantly higher on day 0 and day 1, respectively. The concentrations of H2S and SP did not differ between 15 non-septic (SIRS 0-1) and the 35 septic subjects (SIRS ≥ 2). Substance P concentrations were higher in subjects with abdominal infection than urinary tract infections on day 0 (p = 0.0002) and day 1 (p = 0.0091). In conclusion, the peak H2S concentrations precede the SP peak in patients with Gram-negative bacteraemia, but this response varies with the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Manandhar
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (A.S.-T.); (P.S.); (S.T.C.)
| | - Amy Scott-Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (A.S.-T.); (P.S.); (S.T.C.)
| | - Michael Harrington
- Microbiology Department, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (A.S.-T.); (P.S.); (S.T.C.)
| | - Anna Pilbrow
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (A.P.); (A.M.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (A.P.); (A.M.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Vicky Cameron
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (A.P.); (A.M.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (A.S.-T.); (P.S.); (S.T.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-378-6238
| | - Stephen T. Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (A.S.-T.); (P.S.); (S.T.C.)
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10
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Chen L, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Yang G, Wang C, Zhao Z, Li S. Chondroitin sulfate stimulates the secretion of H 2S by Desulfovibrio to improve insulin sensitivity in NAFLD mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:631-638. [PMID: 35667460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a bioactive gas regulating insulin secretion and sensitivity, produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the gut. The present study investigated the effect of chondroitin sulfate (CS) treatment, which indirectly increased the H2S production on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A 7-week CS supplementation had beneficial effects on body weight gain, liver function, hepatic histology, and serum lipid levels. CS could ameliorate diet-induced insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity via the AKT pathway, and modulate gut microbiota composition, especially increased the abundance of Desulfovibrio and elevated levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Collectively, these findings suggested that CS treatment was positively correlated with Desulfovibrio in the gut, and the metabolic H2S flowed into the liver via the gut-liver axis, thereby triggering the AKT signaling pathway and improving insulin resistance. Thus, CS-induced alterations in the gut microbiota seem a promising for ameliorating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yansong Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Ge Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China.
| | - Shengyu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China.
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Gases in Sepsis: Novel Mediators and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073669. [PMID: 35409029 PMCID: PMC8998565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a potentially lethal condition resulting from failure to control the initial infection, is associated with a dysregulated host defense response to pathogens and their toxins. Sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of sepsis is very complicated and is not yet fully understood. Worse still, the development of effective therapeutic agents is still an unmet need and a great challenge. Gases, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are small-molecule biological mediators that are endogenously produced, mainly by enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Accumulating evidence suggests that these gaseous mediators are widely involved in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Many sepsis-associated alterations, such as the elimination of invasive pathogens, the resolution of disorganized inflammation and the preservation of the function of multiple organs and systems, are shaped by them. Increasing attention has been paid to developing therapeutic approaches targeting these molecules for sepsis/septic shock, taking advantage of the multiple actions played by NO, CO and H2S. Several preliminary studies have identified promising therapeutic strategies for gaseous-mediator-based treatments for sepsis. In this review article, we summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the pathophysiology of sepsis; the metabolism and physiological function of NO, CO and H2S; the crosstalk among these gaseous mediators; and their crucial effects on the development and progression of sepsis. In addition, we also briefly discuss the prospect of developing therapeutic interventions targeting these gaseous mediators for sepsis.
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Itagaki K, Riça I, Konecna B, Kim HI, Park J, Kaczmarek E, Hauser CJ. Role of Mitochondria-Derived Danger Signals Released After Injury in Systemic Inflammation and Sepsis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1273-1290. [PMID: 33847158 PMCID: PMC8905257 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Sepsis is a major public health concern, with high mortality and morbidity, especially among patients undergoing trauma. It is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) occurring in response to infection. Although classically associated with pathogens, many patients with SIRS do not have infection. The variability of the disease course cannot be fully explained by our current understanding of its pathogenesis. Thus, other factors are likely to play key roles in the development and progression of SIRS/sepsis. Recent Advances: Circulating levels of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) seem to correlate with SIRS/sepsis morbidity and mortality. Of the known DAMPs, those of mitochondrial (mt) origin have been of particular interest, since their DNA (mtDNA) and formyl peptides (mtFPs) resemble bacterial DNA and peptides, and hence, when released, may be recognized as "danger signals." Critical Issues: mtDAMPs released after tissue injury trigger immune responses similar to those induced by pathogens. Thus, they can result in systemic inflammation and organ damage, similar to that observed in SIRS/sepsis. We will discuss recent findings on the roles of mtDAMPs, particularly regarding the less recognized mtFPs, in the activation of inflammatory responses and development of SIRS/sepsis. Future Directions: There are no established methods to predict the course of SIRS/sepsis, but clinical studies reveal that plasma levels of mtDAMPs may correlate with the outcome of the disease. We propose that non-pathogen-initiated, mtDAMPs-induced SIRS/sepsis events need further studies aimed at early clinical recognition and better treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Itagaki
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ingred Riça
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbora Konecna
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hyo In Kim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elzbieta Kaczmarek
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bhatia M, Gaddam RR. Hydrogen Sulfide in Inflammation: A Novel Mediator and Therapeutic Target. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1368-1377. [PMID: 33138636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Inflammation is a normal response to injury, but uncontrolled inflammation can lead to several diseases. In recent years, research has shown endogenously synthesized hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to be a novel mediator of inflammation. This review summarizes the current understanding and recent advances of H2S role with respect to inflammation in different diseases. Recent Advances: Promising early results from clinical studies suggest an important role of H2S in human inflammatory disease. Critical Issues: Defining the precise mechanism by which H2S contributes to inflammation is a complex challenge, and there is active ongoing research that is focused on addressing this question. Most of this work has been conducted on animal models of human disease and isolated/cultured cells, and its translation to the clinic is another challenge in the area of H2S research. Future Directions: Defining the mechanism by which H2S acts as an inflammatory mediator will help us better understand different inflammatory diseases and help develop novel therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction (SIMD): the Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Mitochondria. Inflammation 2021; 43:1184-1200. [PMID: 32333359 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a lethal syndrome with multiple organ failure caused by an inappropriate host response to infection. Cardiac dysfunction is one of the important complications of sepsis, termed sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD), which is characterized by systolic and diastolic dysfunction of both sides of the heart. Mechanisms that contribute to SIMD include an excessive inflammatory response, altered circulatory, microvascular status, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis impairment, endothelial dysfunction, disorders of calcium regulation, cardiac autophagy anomaly, autonomic nervous system dysregulation, metabolic reprogramming, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction, which is characterized by structural abnormalities, increased oxidative stress, abnormal opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), mitochondrial uncoupling, and disordered quality control systems, has been gaining increasing attention as a central player in the pathophysiology of SIMD. The disruption of homeostasis within the organism induced by mitochondrial dysfunction may also be an important aspect of SIMD development. In addition, an emerging therapy strategy targeting mitochondria, namely, metabolic resuscitation, seems promising. The current review briefly introduces the mechanism of SIMD, highlights how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to SIMD, and discusses the role of metabolic resuscitation in the treatment of SIMD.
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Manandhar S, Sinha P, Ejiwale G, Bhatia M. Hydrogen Sulfide and its Interaction with Other Players in Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1315:129-159. [PMID: 34302691 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0991-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a vital role in human physiology and in the pathophysiology of several diseases. In addition, a substantial role of H2S in inflammation has emerged. This chapter will discuss the involvement of H2S in various inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adhesion molecules, and leukocyte recruitment in H2S-mediated inflammation will be discussed. The interrelationship of H2S with other gasotransmitters in inflammation will also be examined. There is mixed literature on the contribution of H2S to inflammation due to studies reporting both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions. These apparent discrepancies in the literature could be resolved with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Manandhar
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Grace Ejiwale
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Abstract
This review addresses the plausibility of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and circulatory shock, by contrasting the promising preclinical results to the present clinical reality. The review discusses how the narrow therapeutic window and width, and potentially toxic effects, the route, dosing, and timing of administration all have to be balanced out very carefully. The development of standardized methods to determine in vitro and in vivo H2S concentrations, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of H2S-releasing compounds is a necessity to facilitate the safety of H2S-based therapies. We suggest the potential of exploiting already clinically approved compounds, which are known or unknown H2S donors, as a surrogate strategy.
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17
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Rahman MA, Glasgow JN, Nadeem S, Reddy VP, Sevalkar RR, Lancaster JR, Steyn AJC. The Role of Host-Generated H 2S in Microbial Pathogenesis: New Perspectives on Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:586923. [PMID: 33330130 PMCID: PMC7711268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.586923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was considered primarily as a poisonous gas and environmental hazard. However, with the discovery of prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes for H2S production, breakdown, and utilization, H2S has emerged as an important signaling molecule in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Hence, H2S is considered a gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide (•NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Surprisingly, despite having overlapping functions with •NO and CO, the role of host H2S in microbial pathogenesis is understudied and represents a gap in our knowledge. Given the numerous reports that followed the discovery of •NO and CO and their respective roles in microbial pathogenesis, we anticipate a rapid increase in studies that further define the importance of H2S in microbial pathogenesis, which may lead to new virulence paradigms. Therefore, this review provides an overview of sulfide chemistry, enzymatic production of H2S, and the importance of H2S in metabolism and immunity in response to microbial pathogens. We then describe our current understanding of the role of host-derived H2S in tuberculosis (TB) disease, including its influences on host immunity and bioenergetics, and on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth and survival. Finally, this review discusses the utility of H2S-donor compounds, inhibitors of H2S-producing enzymes, and their potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel N Glasgow
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sajid Nadeem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vineel P Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ritesh R Sevalkar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jack R Lancaster
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Adrie J C Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Centers for AIDS Research and Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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18
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Dilek N, Papapetropoulos A, Toliver-Kinsky T, Szabo C. Hydrogen sulfide: An endogenous regulator of the immune system. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105119. [PMID: 32781284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes - predominantly cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) - but part of the H2S is produced by the intestinal microbiota (colonic H2S-producing bacteria). Here we summarize the available information on the production and functional role of H2S in the various cell types typically associated with innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes) under normal conditions and as it relates to the development of various inflammatory and immune diseases. Special attention is paid to the physiological and the pathophysiological aspects of the oral cavity and the colon, where the immune cells and the parenchymal cells are exposed to a special "H2S environment" due to bacterial H2S production. H2S has many cellular and molecular targets. Immune cells are "surrounded" by a "cloud" of H2S, as a result of endogenous H2S production and exogenous production from the surrounding parenchymal cells, which, in turn, importantly regulates their viability and function. Downregulation of endogenous H2S producing enzymes in various diseases, or genetic defects in H2S biosynthetic enzyme systems either lead to the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease or accelerate the onset and worsen the severity of various immune-mediated diseases (e.g. autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis or asthma). Low, regulated amounts of H2S, when therapeutically delivered by small molecule donors, improve the function of various immune cells, and protect them against dysfunction induced by various noxious stimuli (e.g. reactive oxygen species or oxidized LDL). These effects of H2S contribute to the maintenance of immune functions, can stimulate antimicrobial defenses and can exert anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahzli Dilek
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tracy Toliver-Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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19
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Ahmad A, Druzhyna N, Szabo C. Effect of 3-mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase Deficiency on the Development of Multiorgan Failure, Inflammation, and Wound Healing in Mice Subjected to Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res 2020; 40:148-156. [PMID: 30649358 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The gaseous transmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been implicated in various forms of critical illness. Here, we have compared the outcome of scald burn injury in wild-type mice and in mice deficient in 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), a mammalian H2S-generating enzyme. Outcome variables included indices of organ injury, clinical chemistry parameters, and plasma levels of inflammatory mediators. Plasma levels of H2S significantly increased in response to burn in wild-type mice, but remained unchanged in 3-MST-/- mice. The capacity of tissue homogenates to produce H2S from 3-mercaptopyruvate was unaffected by burn injury. In 3-MST-/- mice, compared to wild-type controls, there was a significant enhancement in the accumulation of polymorphonuclear cells (as assessed by the quantification of myeloperoxidase) in the liver (but not heart, lung, or skin) at 7 days postburn. Oxidative tissue damage (as assessed by malon dialdehyde content) was comparable between wild-type and 3-MST-deficient mice in all tissues studied. 3-MST-/- and wild-type mice exhibited comparable burn-induced elevations in circulating plasma levels of hepatic injury; however, 3-MST-/- mice exhibited a higher degree of renal injury (as reflected by elevated blood urea nitrogen levels) at 7 days postburn. Inflammatory mediators (eg, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) increased in burn injury, but without significant differences between the 3-MST-/- and wild-type groups. The healing of the burn wound was also unaffected by 3-MST deficiency. In conclusion, the absence of the H2S-producing enzyme 3-MST slightly exacerbates the development of multiorgan dysfunction but does not affect inflammatory mediator production or wound healing in a murine model of burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Nadiya Druzhyna
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, Texas.,Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Smink AM, Najdahmadi A, Alexander M, Li S, Rodriquez S, van Goor H, Hillebrands JL, Botvinick E, Lakey JRT, de Vos P. The Effect of a Fast-Releasing Hydrogen Sulfide Donor on Vascularization of Subcutaneous Scaffolds in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050722. [PMID: 32384680 PMCID: PMC7277536 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation into subcutaneous polymer scaffolds has shown to successfully induce normoglycemia in type 1 diabetes models. Vascularization of these scaffolds is imperative for optimal control of glucose levels. We studied the effect of the vascular stimulator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the degree of vascularization of a scaffold and the role of the immune system in this process. Scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted in immunocompetent C57BL/6 and immunocompromised nude mice. Mice received twice-daily intraperitoneal injections of the fast-releasing H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 25 or 50 μmol/kg) or saline for 28 days. After 63 days the vascular network was analyzed by histology and gene expression. Here we showed that the vascularization of a subcutaneous scaffold in nude mice was significantly impaired by H2S treatment. Both the CD31 gene and protein expression were reduced in these scaffolds compared to the saline-treated controls. In C57BL/6 mice, the opposite was found, the vascularization of the scaffold was significantly increased by H2S. The mRNA expression of the angiogenesis marker CD105 was significantly increased compared to the controls as well as the number of CD31 positive blood vessels. In conclusion, the immune system plays an important role in the H2S mediated effect on vascularization of subcutaneous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.v.G.); (J.-L.H.); (P.d.V.)
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (S.L.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (J.R.T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-3610109
| | - Avid Najdahmadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA;
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (S.L.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (J.R.T.L.)
| | - Shiri Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (S.L.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (J.R.T.L.)
| | - Samuel Rodriquez
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (S.L.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (J.R.T.L.)
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.v.G.); (J.-L.H.); (P.d.V.)
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.v.G.); (J.-L.H.); (P.d.V.)
| | - Elliot Botvinick
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (S.L.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (J.R.T.L.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Jonathan R. T. Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (S.L.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (J.R.T.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.v.G.); (J.-L.H.); (P.d.V.)
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KUBAT E, ÇALIŞKAN A, ÜNAL EU, USANMAZ SE, SORAN TÜRKCAN B, SARITAŞ A, DEMİREL YILMAZ E, İREZ AKSÖYEK A. Antegrad Serebral Perfüzyon ve Distal Ilımlı Hipotermik Sirkülatuar Arrest Tekniğinin Endotel Fonksiyonuna İlişkin Biyobelirteçler Üzerine Etkisi. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2020. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.642337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Reitsema VA, Star BS, de Jager VD, van Meurs M, Henning RH, Bouma HR. Metabolic Resuscitation Strategies to Prevent Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:134-152. [PMID: 30403161 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Sepsis is the main cause of death among patients admitted to the intensive care unit. As current treatment is limited to antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, mortality remains high, which warrants efforts to find novel therapies. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as a key process in the induction of organ dysfunction during sepsis, and metabolic resuscitation might reveal to be a novel cornerstone in the treatment of sepsis. Critical Issues: Here, we review novel strategies to maintain organ function in sepsis by precluding mitochondrial dysfunction by lowering energetic demand to allow preservation of adenosine triphosphate-levels, while reducing free radical generation. As the most common strategy to suppress metabolism, that is, cooling, does not reveal unequivocal beneficial effects and may even increase mortality, caloric restriction or modulation of energy-sensing pathways (i.e., sirtuins and AMP-activated protein kinase) may offer safe alternatives. Similar effects may be offered when mimicking hibernation by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In addition H2S may also confer beneficial effects through upregulation of antioxidant mechanisms, similar to the other gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, which display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis. In addition, oxidative stress may be averted by systemic or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, of which a wide range are able to lower inflammation, as well as reduce organ dysfunction and mortality from sepsis. Future Directions: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. As a consequence, metabolic resuscitation might reveal to be a novel cornerstone in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A Reitsema
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan S Star
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent D de Jager
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- 2 Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar R Bouma
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Gaddam RR, Chambers S, Fraser R, Cogger VC, Le Couteur DG, Ishii I, Bhatia M. Cystathionine-Gamma-Lyase-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide-Regulated Substance P Modulates Liver Sieve Fenestrations in Caecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133191. [PMID: 31261857 PMCID: PMC6651477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) isa hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-synthesizing enzyme that promotesinflammation by upregulating H2S in sepsis. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are fenestrated endothelial cells (liver sieve) that undergo alteration during sepsis and H2S plays a role in this process. Substance P (SP) is encoded by the preprotachykinin A (PPTA) gene, and promotes inflammation in sepsis; however, its regulation by H2S is poorly understood. Furthermore, the interaction between H2S and SP in modulating LSEC fenestrations following sepsis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether CSE/H2S regulates SP and the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) andmodulates fenestrations in LSECs following caecalligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Here we report thatthe absence of either CSE or H2S protects against liver sieve defenestration and gaps formation in LSECsin sepsis by decreased SP-NK-1R signaling. Following sepsis, there is an increased expression of liver CSE and H2S synthesis, and plasma H2S levels, which were aligned with higher SP levels in the liver, lungs and plasma and NK-1R in the liver and lungs. The genetic deletion of CSE led to decreased sepsis-induced SP and NK-1R in the liver, lungs and plasma SP suggesting H2S synthesized through CSE regulates the SP-NK-1R pathway in sepsis. Further, mice deficient in the SP-encoding gene (PPTA) preservedsepsis-induced LSEC defenestrationand gaps formation, as seen by maintenance of patent fenestrations and fewer gaps. In conclusion, CSE/H2S regulates SP-NK-1R and modulates LSEC fenestrations in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder R Gaddam
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Robin Fraser
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia
| | - Isao Ishii
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Japan
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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Patel JJ, Venegas-Borsellino C, Willoughby R, Freed JK. High-Dose Vitamin B12 in Vasodilatory Shock: A Narrative Review. Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 34:514-520. [PMID: 31187494 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasodilatory shock, as observed in postoperative states and sepsis, is hallmarked by low systemic vascular resistance and low blood pressure compensated by increased cardiac output. Gasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, are implicated in the development and perpetuation of vasodilatory shock. Established therapies do not target these physiologic drivers of vasodilation. Due to their nontoxic and pleotropic effects, micronutrients are being used as rescue therapy in postoperative vasoplegia and septic shock. Here, we outline the pathophysiology of vasodilatory shock, describe the rationale for vitamin B12 (hydroxocobalamin) in vasodilatory shock, and identify literature evaluating its use in vasoplegic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshil J Patel
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Rodney Willoughby
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Julie K Freed
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Division of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Role of microcirculatory function and plasma biomarkers in determining the development of cardiovascular adverse events in patients with peripheral arterial disease: A 5-year follow-up. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 20:220-228. [PMID: 30297580 PMCID: PMC6249531 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2018.04578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this long-term follow-up study was to investigate the association of local and systemic cardiovascular complications with endothelium-dependent and-independent microvascular relaxations and blood biomarkers and biochemicals in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) caused by atherosclerosis. METHODS This prospective study included 67 patients with PAD who had not undergone any endovascular intervention, peripheral arterial surgery, or major amputation. Changes in the microvascular blood flow were measured using laser Doppler imaging after iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The biochemical markers of high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels were measured from blood samples. All the patients were followed up for 5 years to determine the development of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) and major amputation. At the end of the follow-up period, the patients were classified into two groups: those who had a CVAE [CVAE (+)] and those who did not experience CVAE [CVAE (-)]. Parameters such as demographic features, atherosclerotic risk factors, chronic ischemia category, microvascular endothelial functions, and plasma biomarkers were compared between the groups. RESULTS A total of 67 patients comprising 61 (91%) males and 6 (9%) females with a mean age of 62.3±9.7 years were included. During the follow-up period, 29 patients had CVAE (43.3%) and 38 patients did not have CVAE (56.7%). There was no difference between the groups in terms of ACh and SNP-induced vasodilation responses. Plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values were lower in the CVAE (+) group [(CVAE+HDL: 38.4±9.1), (CVAE-HDL: 44.7±11.1), p=0.02]. Plasma hs-CRP values were significantly higher in the CVAE (+) group [(CVAE+ hs-CRP: 14.3±20.6), (CVAE-hs-CRP: 5.9±10.9), p=0.004]. No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of plasma biomarkers and other biochemical levels. CONCLUSION Based on the study findings, it was concluded that only low plasma HDL and high hs-CRP levels were risk factors for the development of CVAEs during follow-up of patients with PAD.
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Liu J, Li J, Tian P, Guli B, Weng G, Li L, Cheng Q. H 2S attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction via a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4064-4072. [PMID: 31007743 PMCID: PMC6468938 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the most vulnerable target organ in sepsis, and it has been previously reported that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has a protective role in heart dysfunction caused by sepsis. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway has a protective function during sepsis. However, the potential association between H2S and PI3K/Akt in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is unclear. Therefore, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to investigate the role of PI3K/Akt signaling in the protective effects of H2S during sepsis-induced myocardial injury. A rat sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Sodium hydrosulfide, a H2S donor, was administered intraperitoneally (8.9 µmol/kg), and serum myocardial enzyme levels, inflammatory cytokine levels, cardiac histology and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were assessed to determine the extent of myocardial damage. The results demonstrated that exogenous H2S reduced serum myocardial enzyme levels, decreased the levels of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, and increased the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 following CLP. Staining of histological sections demonstrated that myocardial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were alleviated by the administration of exogenous H2S. Western blot analysis was used to detect phosphorylated and total PI3K and Akt levels, as well as NF-κB, B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase levels, and the results demonstrated that H2S significantly increased PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. This indicated that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was activated by H2S. Additionally, H2S reduced Bax and caspase expression, indicating that apoptosis was inhibited, and decreased NF-κB levels, indicating that inflammation was reduced. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 eliminated the protective effects of H2S. In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that exogenous H2S activates PI3K/Akt signaling to attenuate myocardial damage in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Peigang Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Bahaer Guli
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Guopeng Weng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
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Tan J, Sun T, Shen J, Zhu H, Gong Y, Zhu H, Wu G. FAM46C inhibits lipopolysaccharides-induced myocardial dysfunction via downregulating cellular adhesion molecules and inhibiting apoptosis. Life Sci 2019; 229:1-12. [PMID: 30910647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis is a syndrome of inflammatory response induced by infection. Cellular adhesion molecules may involve in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) which is a major predictor of morbidity and mortality of sepsis. Here we studied the role of FAM46C in AC16 cells and c57 mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. MAIN METHODS Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression level of relative genes and protein. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Interestingly, negative correlation between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and FAM46C in sepsis was observed. The overexpression of FAM46C reduced the apoptosis induced by LPS in AC16 cells. Inhibition of apoptosis contributed by FAM46C was mediated by adhesion molecule via blocking p38 and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, overexpression of Fam46c and inhibition of TLR4 by TAK-242 could attenuate apoptosis induced by LPS in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE FAM46C played an important role in SIMD via inhibiting LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction by downregulating cellular adhesion molecules and inhibiting apoptosis. It was the first time to explore the role of FAM46C in SIMD in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huigeng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hechen Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, PR China.
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Abdulle AE, van Goor H, Mulder DJ. Hydrogen Sulfide: A Therapeutic Option in Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4121. [PMID: 30572591 PMCID: PMC6320961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a lethal disease that is characterized by auto-immunity, vascular injury, and progressive fibrosis of multiple organ systems. Despite the fact that the exact etiology of SSc remains unknown, oxidative stress has been associated with a large range of SSc-related complications. In addition to the well-known detrimental properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS), gasotransmitters (e.g., nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)) are also thought to play an important role in SSc. Accordingly, the diverse physiologic actions of NO and CO and their role in SSc have been previously studied. Recently, multiple studies have also shown the importance of the third gasotransmitter H₂S in both vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Interestingly, homocysteine (which is converted into H₂S through the transsulfuration pathway) is often found to be elevated in SSc patients; suggesting defects in the transsulfuration pathway. Hydrogen sulfide, which is known to have several effects, including a strong antioxidant and vasodilator effect, could potentially play a prominent role in the initiation and progression of vasculopathy. A better understanding of the actions of gasotransmitters, like H₂S, in the development of SSc-related vasculopathy, could help to create early interventions to attenuate the disease course. This paper will review the role of H₂S in vascular (patho-)physiology and potential disturbances in SSc. Moreover, current data from experimental animal studies will be reviewed. Lastly, we will evaluate potential interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaal Eman Abdulle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Douwe J Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Sommer O, Aug RL, Schmidt AJ, Heiser P, Schulz E, Vedder H, Clement HW. Hydrogen Sulfide Affects Radical Formation in the Hippocampus of LPS Treated Rats and the Effect of Antipsychotics on Hydrogen Sulfide Forming Enzymes in Human Cell Lines. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:501. [PMID: 30386265 PMCID: PMC6198150 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and other neuroinflammatory diseases are accompanied by an increase in the oxidative stress and changes in the immune system and in the metabolic, hormonal and neurological components of the central nervous system (CNS). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous molecule that is endogenously produced in the peripheral and central nervous system through cysteine by the following major H2S producing enzymes in the brain: cystathionine-γlyase (CSE), cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST). The physiological effects of H2S are broad, with antioxidative properties being a major role in the body. The aims of our investigation were to analyze the central nervous antioxidant, metabolic and neuronal effects in the hippocampus of the rat after inflammatory peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment; and to examine the effects of antipsychotics on the expression of these enzymes in human cell lines. Material and Methods: Male Lewis rats (250 g) received an i.p. LPS injection (1 mg/kg) 24 h before microdialysis experiments. Conscious rats were infused via these probes (1.5 μl/min) with a radical scavenger 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH) in Krebs-Ringer solution. Sodiumhydrogensulfide (NaHS, 10 μg/min) was infused after a 2- h baseline for 1 h. Corticosterone, glutamate, glucose and lactate were measured by Elisa. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The impact of the antipsychotics haloperidol, clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone on the expression of genes encoding the key enzymes of H2S synthesis was studied at the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and monocytic U-937 cell lines. The cells were incubated for 24 h with 30 μM antipsychotic following which mRNA levels were measured by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Microdialysate glucose and lactate levels dramatically increased in the hippocampus of LPS untreated rats by local application of NaHS. By contrast, in the LPS pretreated rats, there was no effect of NaHS infusion on glucose but a further significant increase in microdialysate lactate was found. It was LPS pretreatment alone that particularly enhanced lactate levels. There was a marked increase in hippocampal microdialysate glutamate levels after local NaHS infusion in LPS untreated animals. In LPS treated rats, no change was observed by NaHS, but LPS itself had the strongest effect on microdialysate glutamate levels. Microdialysate corticosterone levels were reduced by NaHS in both LPS pretreated and untreated rats. The formation of free radicals in the hippocampus significantly reduced in LPS pretreated rats, while in LPS untreated rats a significant increase was observed after NaHS infusion. In human SH-SY5Y and U-937 cells, all three major enzymes of H2S-Synthesis, namely cystathionine-γ-lyase, cystathione ß-synthase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, could be detected by PCR. The antipsychotics haloperidol, clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone affected all three enzymes in different ways; with haloperidol and risperidone showing major effects that led to reductions in CBS or CSE expression. Discussion: The local application of NaHS in the hippocampus of the rat strongly affected glucose, lactate and glutamate release. Contrastingly, in LPS pretreated rats, a decreased radical formation was the only effect found. H2S synthetizing enzymes may be involved in antipsychotic mechanisms, although no clear common mechanism could be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Sommer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rosana L. Aug
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip Heiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Vedder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Clement
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Akkoca M, Usanmaz SE, Tokgöz S, Köksoy C, Demirel-Yilmaz E. The effects of different remote ischemic conditioning on ischemia-induced failure of microvascular circulation in humans. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 70:83-93. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-170337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Akkoca
- Department of General Surgery, Dışkapı Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suzan Emel Usanmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Tokgöz
- Department of General Surgery, Dışkapı Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Köksoy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel-Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Han S, Aydin MM, Akansel S, Usanmaz SE, Akçali C, Uludağ MO, Demirel Yilmaz E. Age- and sex-dependent alteration of functions and epigenetic modifications of vessel and endothelium related biomarkers. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:286-296. [PMID: 30814892 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1803-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a main risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases associated with the impairment of endothelial function in both sexes. In the present study, age-related changes in vascular responsiveness, epigenetic modifications of vessel wall, and blood biomarkers related to endothelial functions were examined in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxations of the aorta were decreased in 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old rats compared to those in 1-month-old female rats. In males, maximum relaxations related to ACh were higher in 1- and 6-month-old rats than in 3- and 12-month-old rats. Plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) decreased with age in female rats, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) levels displayed biphasic alterations. In male rats, plasma levels of NO, TAC, and ADMA decreased with age, and H2S levels increased. Aging also caused a sex-dependent alteration in epigenetic modification of vessels. Expressions of H3K27me2, H3K27me3, H3K36me2, and H3K36me3 were much higher in vessels of 12-month-old female rats compared to those in younger age groups. These results indicate that vascular functions, epigenetic modifications of vessels, and plasma levels of endothelium-related biomarkers are affected by age and sex. These findings could be important for the assessment of vascular status over the course of the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Muammer Merve Aydin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serdar Akansel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Turkey
| | - Suzan Emel Usanmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Turkey
| | - Can Akçali
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mecit Orhan Uludağ
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Turkey
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Time-Dependent Production of Endothelium-Related Biomarkers is Affected Differently in Hemorrhagic and Septic Shocks. Inflammation 2017; 41:33-41. [PMID: 29019070 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Shock is associated with inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine time-dependent alteration of blood biomarkers related to endothelial function in hemorrhagic and septic shocks. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by bleeding the animals. A cecal ligation and incision model was used to induce septicemia. Resuscitation was carried out by infusion of lactated Ringer's solution. Resuscitation extended survival time in both shock groups. Blood pressure increased by resuscitation in the hemorrhagic shock but not in the septic shock. While hemorrhage caused a decrease in plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were increased. Only NO and TAC levels at the late phase were reversed by resuscitation. On the other hand, plasma levels of NO, ADMA, and TAC were increased by septicemia and resuscitation did not alter the septicemia-induced increase. These results indicate that blood biomarkers related to endothelial function were differentially affected by hemorrhage and septicemia. The time scale of biomarker production should be taken into consideration for the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these life-threatening diseases.
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Itakura J, Sato M, Ito T, Mino M, Fushimi S, Takahashi S, Yoshimura T, Matsukawa A. Spred2-deficiecy Protects Mice from Polymicrobial Septic Peritonitis by Enhancing Inflammation and Bacterial Clearance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12833. [PMID: 28993690 PMCID: PMC5634500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an infection-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome and a major cause of death for critically ill patients. Here, we examined whether the absence of Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing protein 2 (Spred2), a negative regulator of the Ras/Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway, influences host defense against polymicrobial sepsis (PMS) induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Compared to wild-type mice, Spred2−/− mice exhibited higher survival rates with increased level of leukocyte infiltration and local chemokine production and reduced plasma and peritoneal bacterial loads after CLP. The MEK inhibitor U0126 significantly reduced LPS-induced chemokine production by Spred2−/− resident macrophages in vitro, and decreased CLP-induced leukocyte infiltration in vivo. Spred2−/− resident macrophages, but not neutrophils or elicited macrophages, exhibited increased phagocytic activity. Interestingly, surface expression of complement receptor 1/2 (CR1/2) was increased in Spred2−/− resident macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide in a manner dependent on the ERK/MAPK pathway, and blocking CR1/2 in vivo resulted in reduced leukocyte infiltration and increased bacterial loads after CLP. Taken together, our results indicate that Spred2-deficiency protects mice from PMS via increased activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway and subsequent increase in innate immune responses. Thus, inhibiting Spred2 may present a novel means to prevent the development of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Itakura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Miwa Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Megumi Mino
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Soichiro Fushimi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sakuma Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Gaddam RR, Chambers S, Murdoch D, Shaw G, Bhatia M. Circulating levels of hydrogen sulfide and substance P in patients with sepsis. J Infect 2017; 75:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CII: Pharmacological Modulation of H 2S Levels: H 2S Donors and H 2S Biosynthesis Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:497-564. [PMID: 28978633 PMCID: PMC5629631 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important endogenous gasotransmitter in mammalian cells and tissues. Similar to the previously characterized gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, H2S is produced by various enzymatic reactions and regulates a host of physiologic and pathophysiological processes in various cells and tissues. H2S levels are decreased in a number of conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, ischemia, and aging) and are increased in other states (e.g., inflammation, critical illness, and cancer). Over the last decades, multiple approaches have been identified for the therapeutic exploitation of H2S, either based on H2S donation or inhibition of H2S biosynthesis. H2S donation can be achieved through the inhalation of H2S gas and/or the parenteral or enteral administration of so-called fast-releasing H2S donors (salts of H2S such as NaHS and Na2S) or slow-releasing H2S donors (GYY4137 being the prototypical compound used in hundreds of studies in vitro and in vivo). Recent work also identifies various donors with regulated H2S release profiles, including oxidant-triggered donors, pH-dependent donors, esterase-activated donors, and organelle-targeted (e.g., mitochondrial) compounds. There are also approaches where existing, clinically approved drugs of various classes (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) are coupled with H2S-donating groups (the most advanced compound in clinical trials is ATB-346, an H2S-donating derivative of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound naproxen). For pharmacological inhibition of H2S synthesis, there are now several small molecule compounds targeting each of the three H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Although many of these compounds have their limitations (potency, selectivity), these molecules, especially in combination with genetic approaches, can be instrumental for the delineation of the biologic processes involving endogenous H2S production. Moreover, some of these compounds (e.g., cell-permeable prodrugs of the CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, or benserazide, a potentially repurposable CBS inhibitor) may serve as starting points for future clinical translation. The present article overviews the currently known H2S donors and H2S biosynthesis inhibitors, delineates their mode of action, and offers examples for their biologic effects and potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
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H2S confers colonoprotection against TNBS-induced colitis by HO-1 upregulation in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:479-489. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Delayed Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Inhibition by Trametinib Attenuates Systemic Inflammatory Responses and Multiple Organ Injury in Murine Sepsis. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:e711-20. [PMID: 27031380 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway is an essential component of innate immunity necessary for mediating proinflammatory responses in the setting of sepsis. We previously demonstrated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 inhibitor trametinib prevents endotoxin-induced renal injury in mice. We therefore assessed efficacy of trametinib in a more clinically relevant experimental model of sepsis. DESIGN Controlled in vivo laboratory study. SETTING University animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male C57BL/6 mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture to induce sepsis or underwent sham operation as controls. Six hours after cecal ligation and puncture, mice were randomized to four experimental groups as follows: 1) sham control; 2) sham control + trametinib (1 mg/kg, IP); 3) cecal ligation and puncture; and 4) cecal ligation and puncture + trametinib. All animals received buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg, SC) and imipenem/cilastatin (14 mg/kg, SC) in 1.5 mL of warm saline (40 mL/kg) at the 6-hour time point. Mice were euthanized at 18 hours after induction of cecal ligation and puncture. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Trametinib inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling 6 hours after cecal ligation and puncture attenuated increases in circulating proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and hypothermia at 18 hours. Trametinib also attenuated multiple organ injury as determined by serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. At the organ level, trametinib completely restored peritubular capillary perfusion in the kidney. Restoration of microvascular perfusion was associated with reduced messenger RNA expression of well-characterized markers of proximal tubule injury. mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase blockade attenuated cecal ligation and puncture-mediated up-regulation of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β) and restored interleukin-6 to control levels in the renal cortex, indicating the protective effects on the proximal tubule occur primarily through modulation of the proinflammatory response in sepsis. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor trametinib attenuates systemic inflammation and multiple organ damage in a clinically relevant model of sepsis. Because trametinib has been safely used in humans, we propose that this drug might represent a translatable approach to limit organ injury in septic patients.
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Akkoca M, Usanmaz SE, Koksoy C, Bengisun U, Demirel-Yilmaz E. Plasma nitric oxide level is correlated with microvascular functions in the peripheral arterial disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 65:151-162. [PMID: 27983540 DOI: 10.3233/ch-16143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
At present there is no widely accepted biomarker for monitoring of vascular functions. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the association of some blood biomarkers with vascular reactivity in patients with peripheral arterial diseases (PAD). A prospective evaluation was made of 3 groups comprising a control group of healthy individuals, and patients with PAD caused by either atherosclerosis or Buerger's disease. Microvascular perfusion was examined using laser Doppler imaging of cutaneous erythrocyte flux after iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The correlation of microvascular reactivity with endothelium-related biomarkers was assessed. ACh-induced and SNP-induced vasodilations were significantly diminished in the PAD groups. The plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels of PAD patients were significantly higher than those of the control group, but asymmetric dimethylarginine, total antioxidant capacity and hydrogen sulphide levels were similar. Plasma NO level was negatively correlated with ACh and SNP-stimulated microvascular flow increase, whereas a positive correlation was detected with blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in all groups. These results indicate that a high plasma level of NO in PAD patients is associated with diminished endothelium-dependent and independent flow increase in the microvascular bed. An excessive amount of NO-induced nitrosative stress in an inflammatory condition that might be a reason for vascular dysfunction should be taken into consideration in the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Akkoca
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suzan Emel Usanmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Koksoy
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Bengisun
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel-Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Cystathionine-gamma-lyase deficient mice are protected against the development of multiorgan failure and exhibit reduced inflammatory response during burn. Burns 2017; 43:1021-1033. [PMID: 28318752 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Considering the role of H2S in critical illness, the aim of this study was to compare the outcome of burn in wild-type mice and in mice deficient in CSE, one of the principal mammalian H2S-generating enzymes. Animals were subjected to scald burn. Outcome variables included indices of organ injury, clinical chemistry parameters and plasma levels of inflammatory mediators. Plasma levels of H2S significantly increased in response to burn in wild-type mice, but remained unchanged in CSE-/- mice. Expression of the three H2S-producing enzymes (CSE, CBS and 3-MST) in the lung and liver, and the capacity of tissue homogenates to produce H2S, however, was not affected by burn. In CSE deficient mice there was a significant amelioration of burn-induced accumulation of myeloperoxidase levels in heart, lung, liver and kidney and significantly lower degree of malon dialdehyde accumulation in the heart, lung and kidney than in wild-type mice. CSE deficient mice, compared to wild-type mice, showed a significant attenuation of the burn-induced elevation in circulating alkaline aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, indicative of protective effects of CSE deficiency against burn-induced hepatic, and renal functional impairment. Multiple burn-induced inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12) were significantly lower in the plasma of CSE-/- animals after burn than in the plasma of wild-type controls subjected to burns. In conclusion, CSE deficiency improves organ function and attenuates the inflammatory response in a murine model of burn.
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Cystathionine-γ-lyase gene silencing with siRNA in monocytes/ macrophages attenuates inflammation in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in the mouse. J Biosci 2016; 41:87-95. [PMID: 26949091 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide is an endogenous inflammatory mediator produced by cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in macrophages. To determine the role of H2S and macrophages in sepsis, we used small interference RNA (siRNA) to target the CSE gene and investigated its effect in a mouse model of sepsis. Cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis is characterized by increased levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, morphological changes in liver and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the liver and lung. SiRNA treatment attenuated inflammation in the liver and lungs of mice following CLP-induced sepsis. Liver MPO activity increased in CLP-induced sepsis and treatment with siRNA significantly reduced this. Similarly, lung MPO activity increased following induction of sepsis with CLP while siRNA treatment significantly reduced MPO activity. Liver and lung cytokine and chemokine levels in CLP-induced sepsis reduced following treatment with siRNA. These findings show a crucial pro-inflammatory role for H2S synthesized by CSE in macrophages in sepsis and suggest CSE gene silencing with siRNA as a potential therapeutic approach for this condition.
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Ahmad A, Gerö D, Olah G, Szabo C. Effect of endotoxemia in mice genetically deficient in cystathionine-γ-lyase, cystathionine-β-synthase or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1683-1692. [PMID: 27748832 PMCID: PMC5117757 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been proposed to exert pro- as well as anti-inflammatory effects in various models of critical illness. In this study, we compared bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in inflammatory mediator production, indices of multiple organ injury and survival in wild-type (WT) mice and in mice with reduced expression of one of the three H2S-producing enzymes, cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). Mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with LPS (10 mg/kg). After 6 h, the animals were sacrificed, blood and organs were collected and the following parameters were evaluated: blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in blood, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lung, cytokine levels in plasma and the expression of the three H2S-producing enzymes (CBS, CSE and 3MST) in the spleen, lung, liver and kidney. LPS induced a tissue-dependent upregulation of some of the H2S-producing enzymes in WT mice (upregulation of CBS in the spleen, upregulation of 3MST in the liver and upregulation of CBS, CSE and 3MST in the lung). Moreover, LPS impaired glomerular function, as evidenced by increased BUN levels. Renal impairment was comparable in the CSE−/− and Δ3MST mice after LPS challenge; however, it was attenuated in the CBS+/− mice. MPO levels (an index of neutrophil infiltration) and MDA levels (an index of oxidative stress) in lung homogenates were significantly increased in response to LPS; these effects were similar in the WT, CBS+/−, CSE−/− and Δ3MST mice; however, the MDA levels tended to be lower in the CBS+/− and CSE−/− mice. LPS induced significant increases in the plasma levels of multiple cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)γ] in plasma; TNFα, IL-10 and IL-12 levels tended to be lower in all three groups of animals expressing lower levels of H2S-producing enzymes. The survival rates after the LPS challenge did not show any significant differences between the four animal groups tested. Thus, the findings of this study indicate that a deficiency in 3MST does not significantly affect endotoxemia, while a deficiency in CBS or CSE slightly ameliorates the outcome of LPS-induced endotoxemia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555‑1102, USA
| | - Domokos Gerö
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555‑1102, USA
| | - Gabor Olah
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555‑1102, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555‑1102, USA
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Ahmad A, Szabo C. Both the H 2S biosynthesis inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid and the mitochondrially targeted H 2S donor AP39 exert protective effects in a mouse model of burn injury. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:348-355. [PMID: 27639598 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts beneficial as well as deleterious effects in various models of critical illness. Here we tested the effect of two different pharmacological interventions: (a) inhibition of H2S biosynthesis using the cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS)/cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) and the mitochondrially targeted H2S donor [10-oxo-10-[4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiol-5-yl)phenoxy]decyl]triphenyl-phosphonium (AP39). A 30% body surface area burn injury was induced in anesthetized mice; animals were treated with vehicle, AOAA (10mg/kg i.p. once or once a day for 6days), or AP39 (0.3mg/kg/day once or once a day for 6days). In two separate groups, animals were sacrificed, at 24h post-burn or on Day 7 post-burn, blood and lungs were collected and the following parameters were evaluated: myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung homogenates, plasma cytokines (Luminex analysis) and circulating indicators of organ dysfunction (Vetscan analysis). Lung MPO levels (an index of neutrophil infiltration) and MDA levels (an index of oxidative stress) were significantly increased in response to burn injury both at 24h and at 7days; both AOAA and AP39 attenuated these increases. From a panel of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, MIP-2, VEGF and IFNγ) in the plasma, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were markedly elevated at 24h and VEGF was slightly elevated. IL-6 remained highly elevated at 7days post-burn while IL-10 levels decreased, but remained slightly elevated over baseline 7days post-burn. The changes in cytokine levels were attenuated both by AP39 and AOAA at both time points studied. The burn-induced increases in the organ injury markers ALP and ALT, amylase and creatinine were reduced by both AOAA and AP39. We conclude that both H2S biosynthesis inhibition (using AOAA) and H2S donation (using AP39) suppresses inflammatory mediator production and reduces multi-organ injury in a murine model of burn injury, both at an early time point (when systemic H2S levels are elevated) and at a later time point (at which time systemic H2S levels have returned to baseline). These findings point to the complex pathogenetic role of H2S in burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Gaddam RR, Fraser R, Badiei A, Chambers S, Cogger VC, Le Couteur DG, Ishii I, Bhatia M. Cystathionine-Gamma-Lyase Gene Deletion Protects Mice against Inflammation and Liver Sieve Injury following Polymicrobial Sepsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160521. [PMID: 27518439 PMCID: PMC4982653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), produced by the activity of cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), is a key mediator of inflammation in sepsis. The liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are important target and mediator of sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CSE-derived H2S on inflammation and LSECs fenestrae in caecal-ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis using CSE KO mice. Methods Sepsis was induced by CLP, and mice (C57BL/6J, male) were sacrificed after 8 hours. Liver, lung, and blood were collected and processed to measure CSE expression, H2S synthesis, MPO activity, NF-κB p65, ERK1/2, and cytokines/chemokines levels. Diameter, frequency, porosity and gap area of the liver sieve were calculated from scanning electron micrographs of the LSECs. Results An increased CSE expression and H2S synthesizing activity in the liver and lung of wild-type mice following CLP-induced sepsis. This was associated with an increased liver and lung MPO activity, and increased liver and lung and plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and the chemokines MCP-1 and MIP-2α. Conversely, CSE KO mice had less liver and lung injury and reduced inflammation following CLP-induced sepsis as evidenced by decreased levels of H2S synthesizing activity, MPO activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines production. Extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB) became significantly activated after the CLP in WT mice but not in CSE KO mice. In addition, CLP-induced damage to the LSECs, as indicated by increased defenestration and gaps formation in the LSECs compared to WT sham control. CSE KO mice showed decreased defenestration and gaps formation following sepsis. Conclusions Mice with CSE (an H2S synthesising enzyme) gene deletion are less susceptible to CLP-induced sepsis and associated inflammatory response through ERK1/2-NF-κB p65 pathway as evidenced by reduced inflammation, tissue damage, and LSECs defenestration and gaps formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Fraser
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Badiei
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Chambers
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Alzheimers and Ageing Institute, Biogerentology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Alzheimers and Ageing Institute, Biogerentology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Sarkar S, Ha YS, Soni N, An GI, Lee W, Kim MH, Huynh PT, Ahn H, Bhatt N, Lee YJ, Kim JY, Park KM, Ishii I, Kang S, Yoo J. Immobilization of the Gas Signaling Molecule H
2
S by Radioisotopes: Detection, Quantification, and In Vivo Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9365-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarbhanu Sarkar
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Yeong Su Ha
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Nisarg Soni
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Gwang Il An
- Molecular Imaging Research CentreKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul 01812 Korea
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research CentreKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul 01812 Korea
| | - Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Heesu Ahn
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Nikunj Bhatt
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Molecular Imaging Research CentreKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul 01812 Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research CentreKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul 01812 Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of BiochemistryKeio University Tokyo 105-8512 Japan
| | - Shin‐Geol Kang
- Department of ChemistryDaegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Yoo
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
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Uludag MO, Hicdurmaz E, Han S, Usanmaz SE, Abacioglu N, Ark M, Demirel-Yi E. Diurnal Temporal Blood H2S Variations Correlate with the Circadian Rhythm of Vascular Contraction and Blood Pressure. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.587.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Sarkar S, Ha YS, Soni N, An GI, Lee W, Kim MH, Huynh PT, Ahn H, Bhatt N, Lee YJ, Kim JY, Park KM, Ishii I, Kang S, Yoo J. Immobilization of the Gas Signaling Molecule H
2
S by Radioisotopes: Detection, Quantification, and In Vivo Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarbhanu Sarkar
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Yeong Su Ha
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Nisarg Soni
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Gwang Il An
- Molecular Imaging Research CentreKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul 01812 Korea
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research CentreKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul 01812 Korea
| | - Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Heesu Ahn
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Nikunj Bhatt
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Molecular Imaging Research CentreKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul 01812 Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research CentreKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul 01812 Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of BiochemistryKeio University Tokyo 105-8512 Japan
| | - Shin‐Geol Kang
- Department of ChemistryDaegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Yoo
- Department of Molecular MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, BK21 Plus ProgramKyungpook National University Daegu 41944 Korea
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Zhang X, Li J, Li C, Li Y, Zhu W, Zhou H, Ding Z, Liu L. HSPA12B attenuates acute lung injury during endotoxemia in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:599-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Singh SB, Lin HC. Hydrogen Sulfide in Physiology and Diseases of the Digestive Tract. Microorganisms 2015; 3:866-89. [PMID: 27682122 PMCID: PMC5023273 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a Janus-faced molecule. On one hand, several toxic functions have been attributed to H2S and exposure to high levels of this gas is extremely hazardous to health. On the other hand, H2S delivery based clinical therapies are being developed to combat inflammation, visceral pain, oxidative stress related tissue injury, thrombosis and cancer. Since its discovery, H2S has been found to have pleiotropic effects on physiology and health. H2S is a gasotransmitter that exerts its effect on different systems, such as gastrointestinal, neuronal, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hepatic systems. In the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to H2S production by mammalian cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), H2S is also generated by the metabolic activity of resident gut microbes, mainly by colonic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) via a dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR) pathway. In the gut, H2S regulates functions such as inflammation, ischemia/ reperfusion injury and motility. H2S derived from gut microbes has been found to be associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and irritable bowel syndrome. This underscores the importance of gut microbes and their production of H2S on host physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B Singh
- Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Henry C Lin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
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Abstract
Inflammation is a response to traumatic, infectious, post-ischemic, toxic, or autoimmune injury. However, uncontrolled inflammation can lead to disease, and inflammation is now believed to be responsible for several disease conditions. Research in our laboratory has shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as a novel mediator of inflammation. At present, work in several research groups worldwide is focused on determining the role of H2S in inflammation. H2S has been implicated in different inflammatory conditions. Most of this research involved working with animal models of disease and in vitro systems. Recent research, however, points to a role of H2S in clinical inflammatory disease as well. This chapter describes our current understanding of the role of H2S in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand,
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Huang S, Li H, Ge J. A cardioprotective insight of the cystathionine γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015; 7:51-57. [PMID: 28785645 PMCID: PMC5497180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was simply considered as a toxic and foul smelling gas, but recently H2S been brought into the spot light of cardiovascular research and development. Since the 1990s, H2S has been mounting evidence of physiological properties such as immune modification, vascular relaxation, attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammatory mitigation, and angiogenesis. H2S has since been recognized as the third physiological gaseous signaling molecule, along with CO and NO [65,66]. H2S is produced endogenously through several key enzymes, including cystathionine β-lyase (CBE), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST)/cysteine aminotransferase (CAT). These specific enzymes are expressed accordingly in various organ systems and CSE is the predominant H2S-producing enzyme in the cardiovascular system. The cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/H2S pathway has demonstrated various cardioprotective effects, including anti-atherosclerosis, anti-hypertension, pro-angiogenesis, and attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. CSE exhibits its anti-atherosclerotic effect through 3 mechanisms, namely reduction of chemotactic factor inter cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CX3CR1, inhibition of macrophage lipid uptake, and induction of smooth muscle cell apoptosis via MAPK pathway. The CSE/H2S pathway's anti-hypertensive properties are demonstrated via aortic vasodilation through several mechanisms, including the direct stimulation of KATP channels of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), induction of MAPK pathway, and reduction of homocysteine buildup. Also, CSE/H2S pathway plays an important role in angiogenesis, particularly in increased endothelial cell growth and migration, and in increased vascular network length. In myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuries, CSE/H2S pathway has shown a clear cardioprotective effect by preserving mitochondria function, increasing antioxidant production, and decreasing infarction injury size. However, CSE/H2S pathway's role in inflammation mitigation is still clouded, due to both pro and anti-inflammatory results presented in the literature, depending on the concentration and form of H2S used in specific experiment models.
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Key Words
- Akt, protein kinase B
- Angiogenesis
- Atherosclerosis
- BCA, brachiocephalic artery
- CAM, chorioallantoic membrane
- CAT, cysteine aminotransferase
- CBS, cystathionine β-lyase
- CLP, cecal ligation and puncture
- CSE KO, CSE knock out
- CSE, cystathionine γ-lyase
- CTO, chronic total occlusion
- CX3CL1, chemokine (C-X3-C Motif) ligand 1
- CX3CR1, CX3C chemokine receptor 1
- Cystathionine γ-lyase
- EC, endothelial cell
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- GYY4137, morpholin-4-Ium-4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate
- H2S, hydrogen sulfide
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- Hydrogen sulfide
- ICAM-1, inter cellular adhesion molecule-1
- IMT, intima–media complex thickness
- Ischemia–reperfusion injury
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MST, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PAG, DL-propagylglycine
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PTPN1, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S-diclofenac, 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid 4-(3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione-5-Yl)-phenyl ester
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells
- Vasorelaxation
- l-NAME, NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester
- oxLDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine/CVRL, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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