1
|
Farris T, González-Ochoa S, Mohammed M, Rajakaruna H, Tonello J, Kanagasabai T, Korolkova O, Shimamoto A, Ivanova A, Shanker A. Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7406. [PMID: 39000512 PMCID: PMC11242373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain pathological changes impair cognition early in disease etiology. There is an urgent need to understand aging-linked mechanisms of early memory loss to develop therapeutic strategies and prevent the development of cognitive impairment. Tusc2 is a mitochondrial-resident protein regulating Ca2+ fluxes to and from mitochondria impacting overall health. We previously reported that Tusc2-/- female mice develop chronic inflammation and age prematurely, causing age- and sex-dependent spatial memory deficits at 5 months old. Therefore, we investigated Tusc2-dependent mechanisms of memory impairment in 4-month-old mice, comparing changes in resident and brain-infiltrating immune cells. Interestingly, Tusc2-/- female mice demonstrated a pro-inflammatory increase in astrocytes, expression of IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells and Granzyme-B in CD8+T cells. We also found fewer FOXP3+ T-regulatory cells and Ly49G+ NK and Ly49G+ NKT cells in female Tusc2-/- brains, suggesting a dampened anti-inflammatory response. Moreover, Tusc2-/- hippocampi exhibited Tusc2- and sex-specific protein changes associated with brain plasticity, including mTOR activation, and Calbindin and CamKII dysregulation affecting intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. Overall, the data suggest that dysregulation of Ca2+-dependent processes and a heightened pro-inflammatory brain microenvironment in Tusc2-/- mice could underlie cognitive impairment. Thus, strategies to modulate the mitochondrial Tusc2- and Ca2+- signaling pathways in the brain should be explored to improve cognitive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonie Farris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Salvador González-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Muna Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Harshana Rajakaruna
- The Office for Research and Innovation, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Jane Tonello
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Olga Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Alla Ivanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
- The Office for Research and Innovation, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Q, Yang G, Luo Y, Jiang L, Chi H, Tian G. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:38. [PMID: 38877498 PMCID: PMC11177389 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of AD. These factors promote the penetration of immune cells into the brain, potentially exacerbating clinical symptoms and neuronal death in AD patients. While microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in AD, recent evidence suggests the infiltration of cerebral vessels and parenchyma by peripheral immune cells, including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes in AD. These cells participate in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, which is expected to play a huge role in future immunotherapy. Given the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in AD, this article seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of their contributions to neuroinflammation in the disease. Understanding the role of these cells in the neuroinflammatory response is vital for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Cao F, Zhou Y, Wu B, Li C. Peripheral Immune Cells Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04266-6. [PMID: 38842674 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with progressive memory and cognitive loss. Neuroinflammation is a central mechanism involved in the progression of AD. With the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), peripheral immune cells and inflammatory molecules enter into AD brain. However, the exact relationship between peripheral immune cells and AD remains unknown due to various challenges. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal association between peripheral immune cells and AD by using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis. We conducted a TSMR to decipher the causal relationship between AD and 731 types of peripheral immune cell parameters from the TBNK, regulatory T cell (Treg), myeloid cell, monocyte, maturation stages of T cell, dendritic cell (DC), and B cell panels. Various analytical methods were employed, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median methods. The Cochran's Q statistic, MR-Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO tests were used to verify the heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy of the results. To further verify our results, we also conducted a replication analysis. The analysis identified CD33 on CD14 + monocyte (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; p = 1.14E-04; adjust-p = 0.042) had an increased risk association for AD, which was verified by the replication study. CD33 on CD33dim HLA DR + CD11b- cell (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; p = 2.87E-04; adjust-p = 0.035) had an increased risk association for AD, while secreting CD4 regulatory T cell %CD4 regulatory T cell (OR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; p = 1.90E-04; adjust-p = 0.046) and CD25 on switched memory B cell (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98; p = 2.87E-04; adjust-p = 0.042) were discovered to be related to a lower risk of AD. However, the causal effect of these three immune cells on AD was insufficiently validated in the replication analysis. The MR analysis suggests a potential causal relationship between peripheral immune cells and the risk of AD. Further extensive research is needed on the specific role of peripheral immune cells in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houwen Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangzheng Cao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lian P, Cai X, Yang X, Ma Z, Wang C, Liu K, Wu Y, Cao X, Xu Y. Analysis and experimental validation of necroptosis-related molecular classification, immune signature and feature genes in Alzheimer's disease. Apoptosis 2024; 29:726-742. [PMID: 38478169 PMCID: PMC11055779 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a programmed cell death pathway, has been demonstrated to be activated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise role of necroptosis and its correlation with immune cell infiltration in AD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted non-negative matrix factorization clustering analysis to identify three subtypes of AD based on necroptosis-relevant genes. Notably, these subtypes exhibited varying necroptosis scores, clinical characteristics and immune infiltration signatures. Cluster B, characterized by high necroptosis scores, showed higher immune cell infiltration and was associated with a more severe pathology, potentially representing a high-risk subgroup. To identify potential biomarkers for AD within cluster B, we employed two machine learning algorithms: the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and Random Forest. Subsequently, we identified eight feature genes (CARTPT, KLHL35, NRN1, NT5DC3, PCYOX1L, RHOQ, SLC6A12, and SLC38A2) that were utilized to develop a diagnosis model with remarkable predictive capacity for AD. Moreover, we conducted validation using bulk RNA-seq, single-nucleus RNA-seq, and in vivo experiments to confirm the expression of these feature genes. In summary, our study identified a novel necroptosis-related subtype of AD and eight diagnostic biomarkers, explored the roles of necroptosis in AD progression and shed new light for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Lian
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cailin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang S, Heil BJ, Mao W, Chikina M, Greene CS, Heller EA. MousiPLIER: A Mouse Pathway-Level Information Extractor Model. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0313-23.2024. [PMID: 38789274 PMCID: PMC11154669 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0313-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
High-throughput gene expression profiling measures individual gene expression across conditions. However, genes are regulated in complex networks, not as individual entities, limiting the interpretability of gene expression data. Machine learning models that incorporate prior biological knowledge are a powerful tool to extract meaningful biology from gene expression data. Pathway-level information extractor (PLIER) is an unsupervised machine learning method that defines biological pathways by leveraging the vast amount of published transcriptomic data. PLIER converts gene expression data into known pathway gene sets, termed latent variables (LVs), to substantially reduce data dimensionality and improve interpretability. In the current study, we trained the first mouse PLIER model on 190,111 mouse brain RNA-sequencing samples, the greatest amount of training data ever used by PLIER. We then validated the mousiPLIER approach in a study of microglia and astrocyte gene expression across mouse brain aging. mousiPLIER identified biological pathways that are significantly associated with aging, including one latent variable (LV41) corresponding to striatal signal. To gain further insight into the genes contained in LV41, we performed k-means clustering on the training data to identify studies that respond strongly to LV41. We found that the variable was relevant to striatum and aging across the scientific literature. Finally, we built a Web server (http://mousiplier.greenelab.com/) for users to easily explore the learned latent variables. Taken together, this study defines mousiPLIER as a method to uncover meaningful biological processes in mouse brain transcriptomic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Benjamin J Heil
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Weiguang Mao
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Casey S Greene
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80045
| | - Elizabeth A Heller
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iba M, Kwon S, Kim C, Szabo M, Horan-Portelance L, Lopez-Ocasio M, Dagur P, Overk C, Rissman RA, Masliah E. Immunotherapy with an antibody against CD1d modulates neuroinflammation in an α-synuclein transgenic model of Lewy body like disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:93. [PMID: 38622654 PMCID: PMC11017481 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory process in synucleinopathies of the aging population such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) involves microglial activation as well as infiltration of the CNS by T cells and natural killer T cells (NKTs). To evaluate the potential of targeting NKT cells to modulate neuroinflammation, we treated α-syn transgenic (tg) mice (e.g.: Thy1 promoter line 61) with an antibody against CD1d, which is a glycoprotein expressed in antigen presenting cells (APCs). CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate NKT cells through the interaction with T cell receptor in NKTs, resulting in the production of cytokines. Thus, we hypothesized that blocking the APC-NKT interaction with an anti-CD1d antibody might reduce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in models of DLB/PD. Treatment with the anti-CD1d antibody did not have effects on CD3 (T cells), slightly decreased CD4 and increased CD8 lymphocytes in the mice. Moreover, double labeling studies showed that compared to control (IgG) treated α-syn tg mice, treatment with anti-CD1d decreased numbers of CD3/interferon γ (IFN γ)-positive cells, consistent with NKTs. Further double labeling studies showed that CD1d-positive cells co-localized with the astrocytes marker GFAP and that anti-CD1d antibody reduced this effect. While in control α-syn tg mice CD3 positive cells were near astrocytes, this was modified by the treatment with the CD1d antibody. By qPCR, levels of IFN γ, CCL4, and interleukin-6 were increased in the IgG treated α-syn tg mice. Treatment with CD1d antibody blunted this cytokine response that was associated with reduced astrocytosis and microgliosis in the CNS of the α-syn tg mice treated with CD1d antibody. Flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in α-syn tg mice revealed that CD1d-tet + T cells were also increased in the spleen of α-syn tg mice, which treatment with the CD1d antibody reduced. Reduced neuroinflammation in the anti-CD1d-treated α-syn tg mice was associated with amelioration of neurodegenerative pathology. These results suggest that reducing infiltration of NKT cells with an antibody against CD1d might be a potential therapeutical approach for DLB/PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Iba
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Somin Kwon
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marcell Szabo
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Liam Horan-Portelance
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Lopez-Ocasio
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pradeep Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang B, Hu S, Jiang Y, Xu L, Shu S, Zhang H. Advancements in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Research for Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04126-3. [PMID: 38564138 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are a major cause of the global burden of disease. Although the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of neurological diseases are not fully clear, most of them are associated with cells mediating neuroinflammation. Yet medications and other therapeutic options to improve treatment are still very limited. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), as a delightfully potent breakthrough technology, not only identifies various cell types and response states but also uncovers cell-specific gene expression changes, gene regulatory networks, intercellular communication, and cellular movement trajectories, among others, in different cell types. In this review, we describe the technology of scRNA-seq in detail and discuss and summarize the application of scRNA-seq in exploring neurological diseases, elaborating the corresponding specific mechanisms of the diseases as well as providing a reliable basis for new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we affirm that scRNA-seq promotes the development of the neuroscience field and enables us to have a deeper cellular understanding of neurological diseases in the future, which provides strong support for the treatment of neurological diseases and the improvement of patients' prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Hu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiru Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kveštak D, Mihalić A, Jonjić S, Brizić I. Innate lymphoid cells in neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1364485. [PMID: 38450285 PMCID: PMC10915051 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1364485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are largely tissue-resident cells that participate in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and react early to inflammatory events. Mature ILCs are divided into three major groups based on the transcription factors required for their development and function. Under physiological conditions, ILCs are present within the choroid plexus and meninges while the CNS parenchyma is almost devoid of these cells. However, pathological conditions such as autoimmune neuroinflammation and viral infections of the CNS result in the infiltration of ILCs into parenchyma. In this article, we provide an overview of the involvement and function of the ILCs within the CNS during physiological conditions and in infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration, and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kveštak
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Andrea Mihalić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodriguez-Mogeda C, van Ansenwoude CMJ, van der Molen L, Strijbis EMM, Mebius RE, de Vries HE. The role of CD56 bright NK cells in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:48. [PMID: 38350967 PMCID: PMC10865604 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for natural killer (NK) cells in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the precise function of NK cells in these diseases remains ambiguous. The existence of two NK cell subsets, CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, complicates the understanding of the contribution of NK cells in neurodegeneration as their functions within the context of neurodegenerative diseases may differ significantly. CD56bright NK cells are potent cytokine secretors and are considered more immunoregulatory and less terminally differentiated than their mostly cytotoxic CD56dim counterparts. Hence, this review focusses on NK cells, specifically on CD56bright NK cells, and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it explores the mechanisms underlying their ability to enter the central nervous system. By consolidating current knowledge, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the role of CD56bright NK cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Elucidating their impact on neurodegeneration may have implications for future therapeutic interventions, potentially ameliorating disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaja M J van Ansenwoude
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart van der Molen
- IQ Health Science Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang J, Huo X, Zhou H, Liu H, Li X, Lu N, Sun X. Identification of Autophagy-Related Candidate Genes in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Exploration of Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04011-z. [PMID: 38329682 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify autophagy-related candidate genes for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elucidate their potential molecular mechanisms. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and phenotype-associated significant module genes were obtained using the "limma" package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on hippocampal tissue datasets from AD patients and control samples. The intersection between the list of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), DEGs, and module genes was further investigated to obtain AD-autophagy-related differential expression genes (ATDEGs). Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was utilized to identify hub genes, and a second intersection was performed with important module genes from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to obtain co-hub genes. Finally, a diagnostic model was constructed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the candidate genes with high diagnostic efficacy in the external validation set. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis was performed on AD patient brain tissues and explore the correlation between candidate genes and immune cells. We further analyzed the expression level of candidate genes in the SH-SY5Y cells with Aβ25-35 (25 µM). Among the 17 identified AD-ATDEGs, ATP6V1E1 stood out with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.869, 0.817, and 0.714 in the external validation set, underscoring its high diagnostic efficacy in both hippocampal and peripheral blood contexts for AD patients. Meanwhile, ATP6V1E1 expression was positively correlated with effector memory CD4 + T cells, while negatively correlated with natural killer T cells and activated CD4 + T cells. Results from quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunofluorescence assays indicated a reduction in ATP6V1E1 expression, aligning with our database analysis findings. In summary, ATP6V1E1 as a candidate gene provides a new perspective for the early identification and pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- The Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Guangxiu Medical Imaging Diagnosis Center, Changsha, China.
| | - Xinhua Huo
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqin Zhou
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huasheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Lu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- The Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dinh QN, Lo C, Zhang DW, Tran V, Gibson-Hughes T, Sheriff A, Diep H, Kim HA, Zhang SR, Barreto-Arce LJ, Jelinic M, Vinh A, Arumugam TV, Chan ST, Lim R, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, De Silva TM. Human amnion epithelial cell therapy reduces hypertension-induced vascular stiffening and cognitive impairment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1837. [PMID: 38246932 PMCID: PMC10800338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation and fibrosis are hallmarks of hypertension and contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment. However, current anti-hypertensive drugs do not treat the underlying tissue damage, such as inflammation-associated fibrosis. Human amnion epithelial cells have several properties amenable for treating vascular pathology. This study tested the effect of amnion epithelial cells on vascular pathology and cognitive impairment during hypertension. Male C57Bl6 mice (8-12 weeks) were administered vehicle (saline; n = 58) or angiotensin II (0.7 mg/kg/d, n = 56) subcutaneously for 14 d. After surgery, a subset of mice were injected with 106 amnion epithelial cells intravenously. Angiotensin II infusion increased systolic blood pressure, aortic pulse wave velocity, accumulation of aortic leukocytes, and aortic mRNA expression of collagen subtypes compared to vehicle-infused mice (n = 9-11, P < 0.05). Administration of amnion epithelial cells attenuated these effects of angiotensin II (P < 0.05). Angiotensin II-induced cognitive impairment was prevented by amnion epithelial cell therapy (n = 7-9, P < 0.05). In the brain, amnion epithelial cells modulated some of the inflammatory genes that angiotensin II promoted differential expression of (n = 6, p-adjusted < 0.05). These findings suggest that amnion epithelial cells could be explored as a potential therapy to inhibit vascular pathology and cognitive impairment during hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - David Wong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Vivian Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Tayla Gibson-Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Sheriff
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Henry Diep
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Shenpeng R Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Liz J Barreto-Arce
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Siow Teng Chan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - T Michael De Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi M, Chu F, Zhu F, Zhu J. Peripheral blood amyloid-β involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease via impacting on peripheral innate immune cells. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38178136 PMCID: PMC10765910 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A key pathological factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of age-related dementia in the world, is excessive β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in extracellular aggregation in the brain. And in the peripheral blood, a large amount of Aβ is derived from platelets. So far, the causality between the levels of peripheral blood Aβ and its aggregation in the brain, particularly the role of the peripheral blood Aβ in the pathology of AD, is still unclear. And the relation between the peripheral blood Aβ and tau tangles of brain, another crucial pathologic factor contributing to the pathogenesis of AD, is also ambiguous. More recently, the anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies are approved for treatment of AD patients through declining the peripheral blood Aβ mechanism of action to enhance plasma and central nervous system (CNS) Aβ clearance, leading to a decrease Aβ burden in brain and improving cognitive function, which clearly indicates that the levels of the peripheral blood Aβ impacted on the Aβ burden in brain and involved in the pathogenesis of AD. In addition, the role of peripheral innate immune cells in AD remains mostly unknown and the results obtained were controversial. In the present review, we summarize recent studies on the roles of peripheral blood Aβ and the peripheral innate immune cells in the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, based on the published data and our own work, we believe that peripheral blood Aβ plays an important role in the development and progression of AD by impacting on the peripheral innate immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Shi
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fengna Chu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang E, Dai F. Diagnostic Model for Alzheimer's Disease Based on PANoptosis-Related Genes. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:813-828. [PMID: 38160361 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the interplay of three different processes: pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. OBJECTIVE To explore role of PANoptosis, a novel pro-inflammatory programmed cell death pathway, in AD patients. METHODS We performed a consensus clustering analysis to identify distinct transcriptional profiles in the samples using the R package "ConsensusClusterPlus". The PANoptosis key genes were obtained by crossing the WGCNA brown module and differentially expressed PANoptosis genes. We accomplished regression analyses using the LASSO-Cox method, combined with pathological status and gene expression data. At the same time, we also constructed PANscore system. The expression of PANoptosis hub genes were validated by qRT-PCR in AD transgenic mice. RESULTS Our study utilized tissue expression profile data from AD patients to construct three distinct PANoptosis patterns, each with unique molecular and clinical characteristics. We have created a risk scoring system called PANscore, which can analyze patterns specific for each AD patient. Additionally, we observed significantly lower levels of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in the high PANscore and AD patients. Further analysis revealed a significant negative correlation of Tfh with GSDMD and MLKL. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a roadmap for personalized patient stratification, enabling clinicians to develop personalized treatment plans for AD patients and advance the field of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicinal Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fengqiu Dai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ning Z, Liu Y, Guo D, Lin WJ, Tang Y. Natural killer cells in the central nervous system. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:341. [PMID: 38031097 PMCID: PMC10685650 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential components of the innate lymphoid cell family that work as both cytotoxic effectors and immune regulators. Accumulating evidence points to interactions between NK cells and the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we review the basic knowledge of NK cell biology and recent advances in their roles in the healthy CNS and pathological conditions, with a focus on normal aging, CNS autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and CNS infections. We highlight the crosstalk between NK cells and diverse cell types in the CNS and the potential value of NK cells as novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ning
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Daji Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharp RC, Guenther DT, Farrer MJ. Experimental procedures for flow cytometry of wild-type mouse brain: a systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281705. [PMID: 38022545 PMCID: PMC10646240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroimmunology literature to determine the average immune cell counts reported by flow cytometry in wild-type (WT) homogenized mouse brains. Background Mouse models of gene dysfunction are widely used to study age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The importance of the neuroimmune system in these multifactorial disorders has become increasingly evident, and methods to quantify resident and infiltrating immune cells in the brain, including flow cytometry, are necessary. However, there appears to be no consensus on the best approach to perform flow cytometry or quantify/report immune cell counts. The development of more standardized methods would accelerate neuroimmune discovery and validation by meta-analysis. Methods There has not yet been a systematic review of 'neuroimmunology' by 'flow cytometry' via examination of the PROSPERO registry. A protocol for a systematic review was subsequently based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) using the Studies, Data, Methods, and Outcomes (SDMO) criteria. Literature searches were conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. From that search, 900 candidate studies were identified, and 437 studies were assessed for eligibility based on formal exclusion criteria. Results Out of the 437 studies reviewed, 58 were eligible for inclusion and comparative analysis. Each study assessed immune cell subsets within homogenized mouse brains and used flow cytometry. Nonetheless, there was considerable variability in the methods, data analysis, reporting, and results. Descriptive statistics have been presented on the study designs and results, including medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs) and overall means with standard deviations (SD) for specific immune cell counts and their relative proportions, within and between studies. A total of 58 studies reported the most abundant immune cells within the brains were TMEM119+ microglia, bulk CD4+ T cells, and bulk CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Experiments to conduct and report flow cytometry data, derived from WT homogenized mouse brains, would benefit from a more standardized approach. While within-study comparisons are valid, the variability in methods of counting of immune cell populations is too broad for meta-analysis. The inclusion of a minimal protocol with more detailed methods, controls, and standards could enable this nascent field to compare results across studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu D, Mo X, Jihang L, Huang C, Xie H, Jin L. Novel diagnostic biomarkers of oxidative stress, immunological characterization and experimental validation in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10389-10406. [PMID: 37801482 PMCID: PMC10599743 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition causing cognitive decline. Oxidative stress (OS) is believed to contribute to neuronal death and dysfunction in AD. We conducted a study to identify differentially expressed OS-related genes (DEOSGs) through bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation, aiming to develop a diagnostic model for AD. We analyzed the GSE33000 dataset to identify OS regulator expression profiles and create molecular clusters (C1 and C2) associated with immune cell infiltration using 310 AD samples. Cluster analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in immune infiltration. The 'WGCNA' algorithm identified cluster-specific and disease-specific differentially expressed genes (DGEs). Four machine learning models (random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), generalized linear model (GLM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB)) were compared, with GLM performing the best (AUC = 0.812). Five DEOSGs (NFKBIA, PLCE1, CLIC1, SLCO4A1, TRAF3IP2) were identified based on the GLM model. AD subtype prediction accuracy was validated using nomograms and calibration curves. External datasets (GSE122063 and GSE106241) confirmed the expression levels and clinical significance of important genes. Experimental validation through RT-qPCR showed increased expression of NFKBIA, CLIC1, SLCO4A1, TRAF3IP2, and decreased expression of PLCE1 in the temporal cortex of AD mice. This study provides insights for AD research and treatment, particularly focusing on the five model-related DEOSGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocong Mo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luo Jihang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hesong Xie
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian S, Ye T, Cheng X. The behavioral, pathological and therapeutic features of the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3 × Tg-AD) mouse model strain. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114505. [PMID: 37597764 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
As a classic animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the 3 × Tg-AD mouse not only recapitulates most of anatomical hallmarks observed in AD pathology but also displays cognitive alterations in memory and learning tasks. The 3 × Tg-AD can better show the two characteristics of AD, amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Therefore, 3 × Tg-AD strain is widely used in AD pathogenesis research and new drug development of AD. In this paper, the construction methods, pathological changes, and treatment characteristics of 3 × Tg-AD mouse models commonly used in AD research are summarized and commented, hoping to provide reference for researchers to choose and establish experimental patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tian
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, PR China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Tianyuan Ye
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, PR China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Clement M. The association of microbial infection and adaptive immune cell activation in Alzheimer's disease. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad015. [PMID: 38567070 PMCID: PMC10917186 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Early symptoms include the loss of memory and mild cognitive ability; however, as the disease progresses, these symptoms can present with increased severity manifesting as mood and behaviour changes, disorientation, and a loss of motor/body control. AD is one of the leading causes of death in the UK, and with an ever-increasing ageing society, patient numbers are predicted to rise posing a significant global health emergency. AD is a complex neurophysiological disorder where pathology is characterized by the deposition and aggregation of misfolded amyloid-beta (Aβ)-protein that in-turn promotes excessive tau-protein production which together drives neuronal cell dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. It is widely accepted that AD is driven by a combination of both genetic and immunological processes with recent data suggesting that adaptive immune cell activity within the parenchyma occurs throughout disease. The mechanisms behind these observations remain unclear but suggest that manipulating the adaptive immune response during AD may be an effective therapeutic strategy. Using immunotherapy for AD treatment is not a new concept as the only two approved treatments for AD use antibody-based approaches to target Aβ. However, these have been shown to only temporarily ease symptoms or slow progression highlighting the urgent need for newer treatments. This review discusses the role of the adaptive immune system during AD, how microbial infections may be contributing to inflammatory immune activity and suggests how adaptive immune processes can pose as therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Clement
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei H, Wu C, Yuan Y, Lai L. Uncovering the Achilles heel of genetic heterogeneity: machine learning-based classification and immunological properties of necroptosis clusters in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1249682. [PMID: 37799623 PMCID: PMC10548137 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1249682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease, and the currently available diagnostic modalities and therapeutic agents are unsatisfactory due to its high clinical heterogeneity. Necroptosis is a common type of programmed cell death that has been shown to be activated in AD. Methods In this study, we first investigated the expression profiles of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) and the immune landscape of AD based on GSE33000 dataset. Next, the AD samples in the GSE33000 dataset were extracted and subjected to consensus clustering based upon the differentially expressed NRGs. Key genes associated with necroptosis clusters were identified using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm, and then intersected with the key gene related to AD. Finally, we developed a diagnostic model for AD by comparing four different machine learning approaches. The discrimination performance and clinical relevance of the diagnostic model were assessed using various evaluation metrics, including the nomogram, calibration plot, decision curve analysis (DCA), and independent validation datasets. Results Aberrant expression patterns of NRGs and specific immune landscape were identified in the AD samples. Consensus clustering revealed that patients in the GSE33000 dataset could be classified into two necroptosis clusters, each with distinct immune landscapes and enriched pathways. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) was found to be the most optimal diagnostic model for the AD based on the predictive ability and reliability of the models constructed by four machine learning approaches. The five most important variables, including ACAA2, BHLHB4, CACNA2D3, NRN1, and TAC1, were used to construct a five-gene diagnostic model. The constructed nomogram, calibration plot, DCA, and external independent validation datasets exhibited outstanding diagnostic performance for AD and were closely related with the pathologic hallmarks of AD. Conclusion This work presents a novel diagnostic model that may serve as a framework to study disease heterogeneity and provide a plausible mechanism underlying neuronal loss in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huangwei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Chunle Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yulin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lichuan Lai
- Department of Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sirkis DW, Warly Solsberg C, Johnson TP, Bonham LW, Sturm VE, Lee SE, Rankin KP, Rosen HJ, Boxer AL, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Geier EG, Yokoyama JS. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals alterations in peripheral CX3CR1 and nonclassical monocytes in familial tauopathy. Genome Med 2023; 15:53. [PMID: 37464408 PMCID: PMC10354988 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence from mouse models is beginning to elucidate the brain's immune response to tau pathology, but little is known about the nature of this response in humans. In addition, it remains unclear to what extent tau pathology and the local inflammatory response within the brain influence the broader immune system. METHODS To address these questions, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from carriers of pathogenic variants in MAPT, the gene encoding tau (n = 8), and healthy non-carrier controls (n = 8). Primary findings from our scRNA-seq analyses were confirmed and extended via flow cytometry, droplet digital (dd)PCR, and secondary analyses of publicly available transcriptomics datasets. RESULTS Analysis of ~ 181,000 individual PBMC transcriptomes demonstrated striking differential expression in monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in MAPT pathogenic variant carriers. In particular, we observed a marked reduction in the expression of CX3CR1-the gene encoding the fractalkine receptor that is known to modulate tau pathology in mouse models-in monocytes and NK cells. We also observed a significant reduction in the abundance of nonclassical monocytes and dysregulated expression of nonclassical monocyte marker genes, including FCGR3A. Finally, we identified reductions in TMEM176A and TMEM176B, genes thought to be involved in the inflammatory response in human microglia but with unclear function in peripheral monocytes. We confirmed the reduction in nonclassical monocytes by flow cytometry and the differential expression of select biologically relevant genes dysregulated in our scRNA-seq data using ddPCR. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that human peripheral immune cell expression and abundance are modulated by tau-associated pathophysiologic changes. CX3CR1 and nonclassical monocytes in particular will be a focus of future work exploring the role of these peripheral signals in additional tau-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sirkis
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Caroline Warly Solsberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Taylor P Johnson
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Virginia E Sturm
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ethan G Geier
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Transposon Therapeutics, Inc, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim HW, Wang S, Davies AJ, Oh SB. The therapeutic potential of natural killer cells in neuropathic pain. Trends Neurosci 2023:S0166-2236(23)00133-9. [PMID: 37385878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel disease-modifying treatments for neuropathic pain are urgently required. The cellular immune response to nerve injury represents a promising target for therapeutic development. Recently, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in both CNS and PNS disease has been the subject of growing interest. In this opinion article, we set out the case for NK cell-based intervention as a promising avenue for development in the management of neuropathic pain. We explore the potential cellular and molecular targets of NK cells in the PNS by contrasting with their reported functional roles in CNS diseases, and we suggest strategies for using the beneficial functions of NK cells and immune-based therapeutics in the context of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuaiwei Wang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Davies
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Berriat F, Lobsiger CS, Boillée S. The contribution of the peripheral immune system to neurodegeneration. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01323-6. [PMID: 37231108 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cells are the major immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), and directly react to neurodegeneration, but other immune cell types are also able to react to pathology and can modify the course of neurodegenerative processes. These mainly include monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes. While these peripheral immune cells were initially considered to act only after infiltrating the CNS, recent evidence suggests that some of them can also act directly from the periphery. We will review the existing and emerging evidence for a role of peripheral immune cells in neurodegenerative diseases, both with and without CNS infiltration. Our focus will be on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but we will also compare to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease to highlight similarities or differences. Peripheral immune cells are easily accessible, and therefore may be an attractive therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, understanding how these peripheral immune cells communicate with the CNS deserves deeper investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Berriat
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qi C, Liu Q. Natural killer cells in aging and age-related diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 183:106156. [PMID: 37209924 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to escalated systemic inflammation. As the sentinel of immune system, natural killer (NK) cells are early responders that sense cues and signals from target organs and swiftly orchestrate local inflammation upon their arrival. Emerging evidence indicates a profound role of NK cells in the initiation and evolution of neuroinflammation in aging and age-related diseases. Here we discuss recent advances in NK cell biology and the organ-specific features of NK cells in normal brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. Our increasing understanding of NK cells and their unique features in aging and age-related diseases may facilitate the future design of immune therapies targeting NK cells to benefit the old population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Qi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohammadi E, Chojnowska K, Bieńkowski M, Kostecka A, Koczkowska M, Żmijewski MA, Jąkalski M, Ingelsson M, Filipowicz N, Olszewski P, Davies H, Wierzbicka JM, Hyman BT, Dumanski JP, Piotrowski A, Mieczkowski J. Size matters: the impact of nucleus size on results from spatial transcriptomics. J Transl Med 2023; 21:270. [PMID: 37081484 PMCID: PMC10120157 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visium Spatial Gene Expression (ST) is a method combining histological spatial information with transcriptomics profiles directly from tissue sections. The use of spatial information has made it possible to discover new modes of gene expression regulations. However, in the ST experiment, the nucleus size of cells may exceed the thickness of a tissue slice. This may, in turn, negatively affect comprehensive capturing the transcriptomics profile in a single slice, especially for tissues having large differences in the size of nuclei. METHODS Here, we defined the effect of Consecutive Slices Data Integration (CSDI) on unveiling accurate spot clustering and deconvolution of spatial transcriptomic spots in human postmortem brains. By considering the histological information as reference, we assessed the improvement of unsupervised clustering and single nuclei RNA-seq and ST data integration before and after CSDI. RESULTS Apart from the escalated number of defined clusters representing neuronal layers, the pattern of clusters in consecutive sections was concordant only after CSDI. Besides, the assigned cell labels to spots matches the histological pattern of tissue sections after CSDI. CONCLUSION CSDI can be applied to investigate consecutive sections studied with ST in the human cerebral cortex, avoiding misinterpretation of spot clustering and annotation, increasing accuracy of cell recognition as well as improvement in uncovering the layers of grey matter in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Mohammadi
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80 210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Michał Bieńkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80 210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80 210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Michał A Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80 210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Jąkalski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80 210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Natalia Filipowicz
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80 210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Olszewski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80 210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jan P Dumanski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80 210, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80 210, Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Castellani G, Croese T, Peralta Ramos JM, Schwartz M. Transforming the understanding of brain immunity. Science 2023; 380:eabo7649. [PMID: 37023203 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo7649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary studies have completely changed the view of brain immunity from envisioning the brain as isolated and inaccessible to peripheral immune cells to an organ in close physical and functional communication with the immune system for its maintenance, function, and repair. Circulating immune cells reside in special niches in the brain's borders, the choroid plexus, meninges, and perivascular spaces, from which they patrol and sense the brain in a remote manner. These niches, together with the meningeal lymphatic system and skull microchannels, provide multiple routes of interaction between the brain and the immune system, in addition to the blood vasculature. In this Review, we describe current ideas about brain immunity and their implications for brain aging, diseases, and immune-based therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Castellani
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tommaso Croese
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fernando N, Gopalakrishnan J, Behensky A, Reich L, Liu C, Bass V, Bono M, Montgomery W, De Pace R, Mattapallil M, Nagarajan V, Brooks S, Maric D, Caspi RR, McGavern DB, Shih HY. Single-cell multiomic analysis reveals the involvement of Type I interferon-responsive CD8+ T cells in amyloid beta-associated memory loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.533293. [PMID: 37090642 PMCID: PMC10120715 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, but there are limited therapeutic options and no current cure. While the involvement of microglia in AD has been highly appreciated, the role of other innate and adaptive immune cells remains largely unknown, partly due to their scarcity and heterogeneity. This study aimed to study non-microglial immune cells in wild type and AD-transgenic mouse brains across different ages. Our results uncovered the presence of a unique CD8+ T cell population that were selectively increased in aging AD mouse brains, here referred to as "disease-associated T cells (DATs)". These DATs were found to express an elevated tissue-resident memory and Type I interferon-responsive gene signature. Further analysis of aged AD mouse brains showed that these CD8+ T cells were not present in peripheral or meningeal tissues. Preventing CD8+ T cell development in AD-transgenic mice via genetic deletion of beta-2 microglobulin ( B2m ) led to a reduction of amyloid-β plaque formation in aged mice, and improved memory in AD-transgenic mice as early as four months of age. The integration of transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles at the single-cell level revealed potential transcription factors that reshape the regulomes of CD8+ T cells. These findings highlight a critical role for DATs in the progression of AD and provide a new avenue for treatment.
Collapse
|
27
|
The Dialogue Between Neuroinflammation and Adult Neurogenesis: Mechanisms Involved and Alterations in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:923-959. [PMID: 36383328 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs mainly in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Evidence supports the critical role of adult neurogenesis in various conditions, including cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Several factors can alter adult neurogenesis, including genetic, epigenetic, age, physical activity, diet, sleep status, sex hormones, and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, exerting either pro-neurogenic or anti-neurogenic effects. Compelling evidence suggests that any insult or injury to the CNS, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), infectious diseases, or neurodegenerative disorders, can provoke an inflammatory response in the CNS. This inflammation could either promote or inhibit neurogenesis, depending on various factors, such as chronicity and severity of the inflammation and underlying neurological disorders. Notably, neuroinflammation, driven by different immune components such as activated glia, cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species, can regulate every step of adult neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival of newborn neurons, maturation, synaptogenesis, and neuritogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to present recent findings regarding the effects of various components of the immune system on adult neurogenesis and to provide a better understanding of the role of neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in the context of neurological disorders, including AD, PD, ischemic stroke (IS), seizure/epilepsy, TBI, sleep deprivation, cognitive impairment, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. For each disorder, some of the most recent therapeutic candidates, such as curcumin, ginseng, astragaloside, boswellic acids, andrographolide, caffeine, royal jelly, estrogen, metformin, and minocycline, have been discussed based on the available preclinical and clinical evidence.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lai Y, Lin P, Lin F, Chen M, Lin C, Lin X, Wu L, Zheng M, Chen J. Identification of immune microenvironment subtypes and signature genes for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and risk prediction based on explainable machine learning. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1046410. [PMID: 36569892 PMCID: PMC9773397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using interpretable machine learning, we sought to define the immune microenvironment subtypes and distinctive genes in AD. Methods ssGSEA, LASSO regression, and WGCNA algorithms were used to evaluate immune state in AD patients. To predict the fate of AD and identify distinctive genes, six machine learning algorithms were developed. The output of machine learning models was interpreted using the SHAP and LIME algorithms. For external validation, four separate GEO databases were used. We estimated the subgroups of the immunological microenvironment using unsupervised clustering. Further research was done on the variations in immunological microenvironment, enhanced functions and pathways, and therapeutic medicines between these subtypes. Finally, the expression of characteristic genes was verified using the AlzData and pan-cancer databases and RT-PCR analysis. Results It was determined that AD is connected to changes in the immunological microenvironment. WGCNA revealed 31 potential immune genes, of which the greenyellow and blue modules were shown to be most associated with infiltrated immune cells. In the testing set, the XGBoost algorithm had the best performance with an AUC of 0.86 and a P-R value of 0.83. Following the screening of the testing set by machine learning algorithms and the verification of independent datasets, five genes (CXCR4, PPP3R1, HSP90AB1, CXCL10, and S100A12) that were closely associated with AD pathological biomarkers and allowed for the accurate prediction of AD progression were found to be immune microenvironment-related genes. The feature gene-based nomogram may provide clinical advantages to patients. Two immune microenvironment subgroups for AD patients were identified, subtype2 was linked to a metabolic phenotype, subtype1 belonged to the immune-active kind. MK-866 and arachidonyltrifluoromethane were identified as the top treatment agents for subtypes 1 and 2, respectively. These five distinguishing genes were found to be intimately linked to the development of the disease, according to the Alzdata database, pan-cancer research, and RT-PCR analysis. Conclusion The hub genes associated with the immune microenvironment that are most strongly associated with the progression of pathology in AD are CXCR4, PPP3R1, HSP90AB1, CXCL10, and S100A12. The hypothesized molecular subgroups might offer novel perceptions for individualized AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Lai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peiqiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Manli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunjin Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mouwei Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Jianhao Chen, ; Mouwei Zheng,
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Jianhao Chen, ; Mouwei Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Qi C, Liu F, Zhang W, Han Y, Zhang N, Liu Q, Li H. Alzheimer's disease alters the transcriptomic profile of natural killer cells at single-cell resolution. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004885. [PMID: 36405736 PMCID: PMC9666759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia without an effective cure at least partially due to incomplete understanding of the disease. Inflammation has emerged as a central player in the onset and progression of AD. As innate lymphoid cells, natural killer (NK) cells orchestrate the initiation and evolution of inflammatory responses. Yet, the transcriptomic features of NK cells in AD remain poorly understood. We assessed the diversity of NK cells using web-based single-cell RNA sequencing data of blood NK cells from patients with AD and control subjects and flow cytometry. We identified a contraction of NK cell compartment in AD, accompanied by a reduction of cytotoxicity. Unbiased clustering revealed four subsets of NK cells in AD, i.e., CD56bright NK cells, CD56dim effector NK cells, adaptive NK cells, and a unique NK cell subset that is expanded and characterized by upregulation of CX3CR1, TBX21, MYOM2, DUSP1, and ZFP36L2, and negatively correlated with cognitive function in AD patients. Pseudo-temporal analysis revealed that this unique NK cell subset was at a late stage of NK cell development and enriched with transcription factors TBX21, NFATC2, and SMAD3. Together, our study identified a distinct NK cell subset and its potential involvement in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nan Zhang
- *Correspondence: Qiang Liu, ; Handong Li, ; Nan Zhang,
| | - Qiang Liu
- *Correspondence: Qiang Liu, ; Handong Li, ; Nan Zhang,
| | - Handong Li
- *Correspondence: Qiang Liu, ; Handong Li, ; Nan Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Menees KB, Lee JK. New Insights and Implications of Natural Killer Cells in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S83-S92. [PMID: 35570499 PMCID: PMC9535577 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the abnormal aggregation and accumulation of the alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein into Lewy bodies. It is established that there is an association between inflammation and PD; however, the time course of the inflammatory process as well as the immune cells involved are still debated. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with numerous functions including targeting and killing infected or malignant cells, antimicrobial defense, and resolving inflammation. NK cell subsets differ in their effector function capacities which are modulated by activating and inhibitory receptors expressed at the cell surface. Alterations in NK cell numbers and receptor expression have been reported in PD patients. Recently, NK cell numbers and frequency were shown to be altered in the periphery and in the central nervous system in a preclinical mouse model of PD. Moreover, NK cells have recently been shown to internalize and degrade α-syn aggregates and systemic NK cell depletion exacerbated synuclein pathology in a preclinical mouse model of PD, indicating a potential protective role of NK cells. Here, we review the inflammatory process in PD with a particular focus on alterations in NK cell numbers, phenotypes, and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly B Menees
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jae-Kyung Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Guan Q, Liu W, Mu K, Hu Q, Xie J, Cheng L, Wang X. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CSF reveals neuroprotective RAC1+ NK cells in Parkinson’s disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992505. [PMID: 36211372 PMCID: PMC9532252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain infiltration of the natural killer (NK) cells has been observed in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a mouse model of α-synucleinopathy, it has been shown that NK cells help in clearing α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the brain infiltration of NK cells in PD. Immunofluorescence assay was performed using the anti-NKp46 antibody to detect NK cells in the brain of PD model mice. Next, we analyzed the publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data (GSE141578) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with PD to characterize the CSF immune landscape in PD. Results showed that NK cells infiltrate the substantia nigra (SN) of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model mice and colocalize with dopaminergic neurons and α-syn. Moreover, the ratio of NK cells was found to be increased in the CSF of PD patients. Analysis of the scRNA-seq data revealed that Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1) was the most significantly upregulated gene in NK cells from PD patients. Furthermore, genes involved in regulating SN development were enriched in RAC1+ NK cells and these cells showed increased brain infiltration in MPTP-induced PD mice. In conclusion, NK cells actively home to the SN of PD model mice and RAC1 might be involved in regulating this process. Moreover, RAC1+ NK cells play a neuroprotective role in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Public Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ketao Mu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiazhao Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liming Cheng, ; Xiong Wang,
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liming Cheng, ; Xiong Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qian XH, Liu XL, Chen SD, Tang HD. Integrating peripheral blood and brain transcriptomics to identify immunological features associated with Alzheimer’s disease in mild cognitive impairment patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986346. [PMID: 36159817 PMCID: PMC9501700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune system dysfunction has been proven to be an important pathological event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as a transitional stage between normal cognitive function and AD, was an important research object for the screening of early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for AD. However, systematic assessment of peripheral immune system changes in MCI patients and consistent analysis with that in the CNS were still lacking. Methods Peripheral blood transcriptome data from the AddNeuroMed Cohort (n = 711) was used as a training dataset to assess the abundance of 24 immune cells through ImmuCellAI and to identify MCI-related immune signaling pathways and hub genes. The expression level of the immune hub gene was validated in peripheral blood (n = 587) and brain tissue (78 entorhinal cortex, 140 hippocampi, 91 temporal cortex, and 232 frontal cortex) validation datasets. Finally, reliable immune hub genes were applied for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and correlation analysis of AD pathological characteristics. Results MCI patients have early changes in the abundance of various types of immune cells in peripheral blood, accompanied by significant changes in NF-kB, TNF, JAK-STAT, and MAPK signaling pathways. Five hub immune-related differentially expressed genes (NFKBIA, CD4, RELA, CASP3, and HSP90AA1) were screened by the cytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Their expression levels were significantly correlated with infiltration score and the abundance of monocytes, natural killer cells, Th2 T cells, T follicular helper cells, and cytotoxic T cells. After validation with independent datasets derived from peripheral blood and brain, RELA and HSP90AA1 were identified as two reliable immune hub genes in MCI patients and had consistent changes in AD. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that their expression levels were closely associated with Alzheimer’s disease, JAK-STAT, calcium signaling pathway, etc. In addition, the expression level of RELA was positively correlated with β- and γ-secretase activity and Braak stage. The expression level of HSP90AA1 was negatively correlated with α- and β-secretase activity. Conclusion Immune system dysfunction was an early event in AD. It provides a new target for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hang Qian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-di Chen, ; Hui-dong Tang,
| | - Hui-dong Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-di Chen, ; Hui-dong Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tian Y, Lu Y, Cao Y, Dang C, Wang N, Tian K, Luo Q, Guo E, Luo S, Wang L, Li Q. Identification of diagnostic signatures associated with immune infiltration in Alzheimer’s disease by integrating bioinformatic analysis and machine-learning strategies. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919614. [PMID: 35966794 PMCID: PMC9372364 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of progressive dementia. The purpose of this study was to identify diagnostic signatures of AD and the effect of immune cell infiltration in this pathology. Methods The expression profiles of GSE109887, GSE122063, GSE28146, and GSE1297 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AD and control brain samples. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to reveal AD-associated biological functions and key pathways. Besides, we applied the Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) analysis to screen potential diagnostic feature genes in AD, which were further tested in AD brains of the validation cohort (GSE5281). The discriminatory ability was then assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Finally, the CIBERSORT algorithm and immune cell infiltration analysis were employed to assess the inflammatory state of AD. Results A total of 49 DEGs were identified. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that leukocyte transendothelial migration, cytokine receptor interaction, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were enriched in the AD group. MAF basic leucine zipper transcription factor F (MAFF), ADCYAP1, and ZFP36L1 were identified as the diagnostic biomarkers of AD with high discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.850) and validated in AD brains (AUC = 0.935). As indicated from the immune cell infiltration analysis, naive B cells, plasma cells, activated/resting NK cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, resting CD4+ T memory cells, resting mast cells, memory B cells, and resting/activated dendritic cells may participate in the development of AD. Additionally, all diagnostic signatures presented different degrees of correlation with different infiltrating immune cells. Conclusion MAFF, ADCYAP1, and ZFP36L1 may become new candidate biomarkers of AD, which were closely related to the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, the immune cells mentioned above may play crucial roles in disease occurrence and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yaoheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuze Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Dang
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kuo Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiqi Luo
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Erliang Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshun Luo
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Shanshun Luo,
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Lihua Wang,
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Li,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Van Kaer L, Postoak JL, Song W, Wu L. Innate and Innate-like Effector Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:199-207. [PMID: 35821102 PMCID: PMC9285656 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes can be functionally partitioned into subsets belonging to the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system. Subsets of innate and innate-like lymphocytes may or may not express Ag-specific receptors of the adaptive immune system, yet they are poised to respond with innate-like speed to pathogenic insults but lack the capacity to develop classical immunological memory. These lymphocyte subsets display a number of common properties that permit them to integrate danger and stress signals dispatched by innate sensor cells to facilitate the generation of specialized effector immune responses tailored toward specific pathogens or other insults. In this review, we discuss the functions of distinct subsets of innate and innate-like lymphocytes. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which these cells are activated in different contexts, their interactions with other immune cells, and their role in health and disease may inform the development of new or improved immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - J Luke Postoak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Wenqiang Song
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Davis CM, Zhang WH, Bah TM, Roese NE, Allen EM, Leung P, Boutros SJ, Marzulla T, Patel E, Nie X, Alkayed FN, Huang JH, Jensen MA, Raber J, Pike MM, Alkayed NJ. Age-dependent cognitive impairment, hydrocephalus and leukocyte infiltration in transgenic mice with endothelial expression of human EPHX2. NPJ AGING 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35927273 PMCID: PMC9256583 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-022-00090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is upregulated in microvascular endothelium of human brain with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Transgenic endothelial expression of human sEH in mice (Tie2hsEH) induces endothelial dysfunction (ED), a pathogenetic mechanism of VCI. We sought to determine if endothelial upregulation of sEH is sufficient to cause cognitive impairment, and if cognitive impairment due to chronic hypoperfusion induced by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) is exacerbated in Tie2hsEH mice. Behavioral performance was assessed by the open field, rotarod, novel object, Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests. Cerebral blood flow and brain morphology were evaluated by MRI, and inflammatory changes investigated using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We demonstrate that transgenic endothelial expression of sEH is sufficient to induce cognitive impairment, associated with leukocyte infiltration, brain atrophy and accelerated, age-dependent ventriculomegaly, identifying ED and sEH upregulation as potential underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets for VCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Wenri H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Thierno M Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Natalie E Roese
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elyse M Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Philberta Leung
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sydney J Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tessa Marzulla
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Esha Patel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Xiao Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Farah N Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Justin H Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael A Jensen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang Y, Lian L, Fu R, Liu J, Shan X, Jin Y, Xu S. Microglia: The Hub of Intercellular Communication in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:889442. [PMID: 35518646 PMCID: PMC9062186 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.889442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between microglia and other cells has recently been at the forefront of research in central nervous system (CNS) disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the neuroinflammation mediated by microglia, highlight recent studies of crosstalk between microglia and CNS resident and infiltrating cells in the context of ischemic stroke (IS), and discuss how these interactions affect the course of IS. The in-depth exploration of microglia-intercellular communication will be beneficial for therapeutic tools development and clinical translation for stroke control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsha Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Lian
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jueling Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Jin
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fohner AE, Sitlani CM, Buzkova P, Doyle MF, Liu X, Bis JC, Fitzpatrick A, Heckbert SR, Huber SA, Kuller L, Longstreth WT, Feinstein MJ, Freiberg M, Olson NC, Seshadri S, Lopez O, Odden MC, Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Delaney JA, Floyd JS. Association of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets with Cognitive Decline and Dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:7-15. [PMID: 35527553 PMCID: PMC9277688 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Fohner
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annette Fitzpatrick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lewis Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William T. Longstreth
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Feinstein
- Departments of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Pathology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Freiberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Lopez
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle C. Odden
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph A. Delaney
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - James S. Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zang X, Chen S, Zhu J, Ma J, Zhai Y. The Emerging Role of Central and Peripheral Immune Systems in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:872134. [PMID: 35547626 PMCID: PMC9082639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.872134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, it has been widely believed that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides an immune privileged environment in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking peripheral immune cells and humoral immune factors. This view has been revised in recent years, with increasing evidence revealing that the peripheral immune system plays a critical role in regulating CNS homeostasis and disease. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and the loss of neurons in the CNS. An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of the connection between the peripheral immune system and the CNS in neurodegenerative diseases. On the one hand, peripherally released cytokines can cross the BBB, cause direct neurotoxicity and contribute to the activation of microglia and astrocytes. On the other hand, peripheral immune cells can also infiltrate the brain and participate in the progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases have a high morbidity and disability rate, yet there are no effective therapies to stop or reverse their progression. In recent years, neuroinflammation has received much attention as a therapeutic target for many neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight the emerging role of the peripheral and central immune systems in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as their interactions. A better understanding of the emerging role of the immune systems may improve therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - JunYao Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junwen Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Zhai
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Murphy JM, Ngai L, Mortha A, Crome SQ. Tissue-Dependent Adaptations and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836999. [PMID: 35359972 PMCID: PMC8960279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells reside in distinct niches across organs, where they contribute to tissue homeostasis and rapidly respond to perturbations in the local microenvironment. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of innate immune cells that regulate immune and tissue homeostasis. Across anatomical locations throughout the body, ILCs adopt tissue-specific fates, differing from circulating ILC populations. Adaptations of ILCs to microenvironmental changes have been documented in several inflammatory contexts, including obesity, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. While our understanding of ILC functions within tissues have predominantly been based on mouse studies, development of advanced single cell platforms to study tissue-resident ILCs in humans and emerging patient-based data is providing new insights into this lymphocyte family. Within this review, we discuss current concepts of ILC fate and function, exploring tissue-specific functions of ILCs and their contribution to health and disease across organ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Murphy
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Q Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ke P, Zheng C, Liu F, Wu L, Tang Y, Wu Y, Lv D, Chen H, Qian L, Wu X, Zeng K. Relationship between circadian genes and memory impairment caused by sleep deprivation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13165. [PMID: 35341046 PMCID: PMC8944342 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation (SD)-induced cognitive impairment is highly prevalent worldwide and has attracted widespread attention. The temporal and spatial oscillations of circadian genes are severely disturbed after SD, leading to a progressive loss of their physiological rhythms, which in turn affects memory function. However, there is a lack of research on the role of circadian genes and memory function after SD. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between circadian genes and memory function and provide potential therapeutic insights into the mechanism of SD-induced memory impairment. Methods Gene expression profiles of GSE33302 and GSE9442 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, both datasets were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to determine the overall gene changes in the hippocampus and brain after SD. A Gene Oncology (GO) analysis and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis were employed to explore the genes related to circadian rhythm, with their relationship and importance determined through a correlation analysis and a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), respectively. The water maze experiments detected behavioral changes related to memory function in SD rats. The expression of circadian genes in several critical organs such as the brain, heart, liver, and lungs and their correlation with memory function was investigated using several microarrays. Finally, changes in the hippocampal immune environment after SD were analyzed using the CIBERSORT in R software. Results The quality of the two datasets was very good. After SD, changes were seen primarily in genes related to memory impairment and immune function. Genes related to circadian rhythm were highly correlated with engagement in muscle structure development and circadian rhythm. Seven circadian genes showed their potential therapeutic value in SD. Water maze experiments confirmed that SD exacerbates memory impairment-related behaviors, including prolonged escape latencies and reduced numbers of rats crossing the platform. The expression of circadian genes was verified, while some genes were also significant in the heart, liver, and lungs. All seven circadian genes were also associated with memory markers in SD. The contents of four immune cells in the hippocampal immune environment changed after SD. Seven circadian genes were related to multiple immune cells. Conclusions In the present study, we found that SD leads to memory impairment accompanied by changes in circadian rhythm-related genes. Seven circadian genes play crucial roles in memory impairment after SD. Naïve B cells and follicular helper T cells are closely related to SD. These findings provide new insights into the treatment of memory impairment caused by SD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengjie Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - LinJie Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijie Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanqin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongdong Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huangli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang M, Song WM, Ming C, Wang Q, Zhou X, Xu P, Krek A, Yoon Y, Ho L, Orr ME, Yuan GC, Zhang B. Guidelines for bioinformatics of single-cell sequencing data analysis in Alzheimer's disease: review, recommendation, implementation and application. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:17. [PMID: 35236372 PMCID: PMC8889402 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Extensive clinical and genomic studies have revealed biomarkers, risk factors, pathways, and targets of AD in the past decade. However, the exact molecular basis of AD development and progression remains elusive. The emerging single-cell sequencing technology can potentially provide cell-level insights into the disease. Here we systematically review the state-of-the-art bioinformatics approaches to analyze single-cell sequencing data and their applications to AD in 14 major directions, including 1) quality control and normalization, 2) dimension reduction and feature extraction, 3) cell clustering analysis, 4) cell type inference and annotation, 5) differential expression, 6) trajectory inference, 7) copy number variation analysis, 8) integration of single-cell multi-omics, 9) epigenomic analysis, 10) gene network inference, 11) prioritization of cell subpopulations, 12) integrative analysis of human and mouse sc-RNA-seq data, 13) spatial transcriptomics, and 14) comparison of single cell AD mouse model studies and single cell human AD studies. We also address challenges in using human postmortem and mouse tissues and outline future developments in single cell sequencing data analysis. Importantly, we have implemented our recommended workflow for each major analytic direction and applied them to a large single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) dataset in AD. Key analytic results are reported while the scripts and the data are shared with the research community through GitHub. In summary, this comprehensive review provides insights into various approaches to analyze single cell sequencing data and offers specific guidelines for study design and a variety of analytic directions. The review and the accompanied software tools will serve as a valuable resource for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD, other diseases, or biological systems at the single cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Won-min Song
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Chen Ming
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Yonejung Yoon
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina USA
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hu J, Wang X. Alzheimer’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy – Bridging the Missing Link. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:811852. [PMID: 35197824 PMCID: PMC8859419 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.811852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. With the increasing trend of population aging, the estimated number of AD continues to climb, causing enormous medical, social and economic burden to the society. Currently, no drug is available to cure the disease or slow down its progression. There is an urgent need to improve our understanding on the pathogenesis of AD and develop novel therapy to combat it. Despite the two well-known pathological hallmarks (extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular Neurofibrillary Tangles), the exact mechanisms for selective degeneration and loss of neurons and synapses in AD remain to be elucidated. Cumulative studies have shown neuroinflammation plays a central role in pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation is actively involved both in the onset and the subsequent progression of AD. Microglia are the central player in AD neuroinflammation. In this review, we first introduced the different theories proposed for the pathogenesis of AD, focusing on neuroinflammation, especially on microglia, systemic inflammation, and peripheral and central immune system crosstalk. We explored the possible mechanisms of action of stem cell therapy, which is the only treatment modality so far that has pleiotropic effects and can target multiple mechanisms in AD. Mesenchymal stem cells are currently the most widely used stem cell type in AD clinical trials. We summarized the ongoing major mesenchymal stem cell clinical trials in AD and showed how translational stem cell therapy is bridging the gap between basic science and clinical intervention in this devastating disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiong Hu
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Cell Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jingqiong Hu,
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang Y, Grazda R, Yang Q. Interaction Between Innate Lymphoid Cells and the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1365:135-148. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
44
|
Zhang L, Fang J, Tang Z, Luo Y. A Bioinformatics Perspective on the Dysregulation of Ferroptosis and Ferroptosis-related Immune Cell Infiltration in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1888-1902. [PMID: 36438927 PMCID: PMC9682502 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.76660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia worldwide, but its pathophysiology and molecular events remain unknown. Herein, we first analyzed the differential expression pattern of patients' AD hippocampus through gene expression array data from the GEO database. Notch2nl, TGFB1I1, and LTF were up-regulated in AD patients, while ARPC1A, CHGB, and MPV17 down-regulated. Second, dysregulation of ferroptosis related genes was demonstrated from our data: PCBP2 and FTL significantly up-significant in AD hippocampus, while VDAC2, LPCAT3, GSS, ACSL4, and ACSL6 significantly down-regulated. The protein-protein interactions (PPI) network revealed that FTL was involved in iron metabolism and utilization, while ACSL4 and ACSL6 were involved in a polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism network. Gene correlation analysis on differential expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that ferroptosis regulates a series of biological processes and pathways related to AD pathogenesis. Third, ferroptosis-related DEGs regulated the immune cell infiltration pattern in the AD hippocampus, characterized by decreased memory B cells, increased memory resting CD4+ T cells, memory activated CD4+ T cells, and resting NK cells. The altered expression of ferroptosis-related DEGs affected the infiltration of specific immune cell types. The model constructed by the seven ferroptosis-related differential genes may accurately predict the outcome of AD occurrence. Finally, qPCR validation on these ferroptosis-related DEGs in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice confirmed the dysregulated expression of Pcbp2, FTL, GSS, and ACSL4 in the AD hippocampus and forebrain. In conclusion, our results supported the conception that the AD brain revealed dysregulated ferroptosis and immune cell infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lusi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenchu Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Song J. Comparison of Cerebral Cortex Transcriptome Profiles in Ischemic Stroke and Alzheimer’s Disease Models. Clin Nutr Res 2022; 11:159-170. [PMID: 35949563 PMCID: PMC9348914 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2022.11.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are representative geriatric diseases with a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. Recent studies have reported an association between ischemic stroke neuropathology and AD neuropathology. Ischemic stroke shares some similar characteristics with AD, such as glia activation-induced neuroinflammation, amyloid beta accumulation, and neuronal cell loss, as well as some common risk factors with AD progression. Although there are considerable similarities in neuropathology between ischemic stroke and AD, no studies have ever compared specific genetic changes of brain cortex between ischemic stroke and AD. Therefore, in this study, I compared the cerebral cortex transcriptome profile of 5xFAD mice, an AD mouse model, with those of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice, an ischemic stroke mouse model. The data showed that the expression of many genes with important functional implications in MCAO mouse brain cortex were related to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal cell death in 5xFAD mouse model. In addition, changes in various protein-coding RNAs involved in synaptic plasticity, amyloid beta accumulation, neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, glial activation, inflammation and neurite outgrowth were observed. The findings could serve as an important basis for further studies to elucidate the pathophysiology of AD in patients with ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lu Y, Li K, Hu Y, Wang X. Expression of Immune Related Genes and Possible Regulatory Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768966. [PMID: 34804058 PMCID: PMC8602845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune infiltration of peripheral natural killer (NK) cells in the brain has been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Immunity-related genes (IRGs) play an essential role in immune infiltration; however, the expression of IRGs and possible regulatory mechanisms involved in AD remain unclear. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data from patients with AD were analyzed and PBMCs obtained from the ImmPort database were screened for cluster marker genes. IRG activity was calculated using the AUCell package. A bulk sequencing dataset of AD brain tissues was analyzed to explore common IRGs between PBMCs and the brain. Relevant regulatory transcription factors (TFs) were identified from the Human TFDB database. The protein-protein interaction network of key TFs were generated using the STRING database. Eight clusters were identified, including memory CD4 T, NKT, NK, B, DC, CD8 T cells, and platelets. NK cells were significantly decreased in patients with AD, while CD4 T cells were increased. NK and DC cells exhibited the highest IRG activity. GO and KEGG analyses of the scRNA and bulk sequencing data showed that the DEGs focused on the immune response. Seventy common IRGs were found in both peripheral NK cells and the brain. Seventeen TFs were associated with IRG expression, and the PPI network indicated that STAT3, IRF1, and REL were the hub TFs. In conclusion, we propose that peripheral NK cells may infiltrate the brain and contribute to neuroinflammatory changes in AD through bioinformatic analysis of scRNA and bulk sequencing data. Moreover, STAT3 may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of IRGs in NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
D’Souza SS, Zhang Y, Bailey JT, Fung ITH, Kuentzel ML, Chittur SV, Yang Q. Type I Interferon signaling controls the accumulation and transcriptomes of monocytes in the aged lung. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13470. [PMID: 34547174 PMCID: PMC8520712 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is paradoxically associated with a deteriorated immune defense (immunosenescence) and increased basal levels of tissue inflammation (inflammaging). The lung is particularly sensitive to the effects of aging. The immune cell mechanisms underlying physiological lung aging remain poorly understood. Here we reveal that aging leads to increased interferon signaling and elevated concentrations of chemokines in the lung, which is associated with infiltration of monocytes into the lung parenchyma. scRNA‐seq identified a novel Type‐1 interferon signaling dependent monocyte subset (MO‐ifn) that upregulated IFNAR1 expression and exhibited greater transcriptomal changes with aging than the other monocytes. Blockade of type‐1 interferon signaling by treatment with anti‐IFNAR1 neutralizing antibodies rapidly ablated MO‐ifn cells. Treatment with anti‐IFNAR1 antibodies also reduced airway chemokine concentrations and repressed the accumulation of the overall monocyte population in the parenchyma of the aged lung. Together, our work suggests that physiological aging is associated with increased basal level of airway monocyte infiltration and inflammation in part due to elevated type‐1 interferon signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanti S. D’Souza
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Jacob T. Bailey
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Ivan T. H. Fung
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Marcy L. Kuentzel
- Center for Functional Genomics University at Albany‐SUNY Rensselaer NY USA
| | - Sridar V. Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics University at Albany‐SUNY Rensselaer NY USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu KM, Zhang YR, Huang YY, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. The role of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101409. [PMID: 34273589 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder where the accumulation of amyloid plaques and the formation of tau tangles are the prominent pathological hallmarks. Increasing preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that different components of the immune system may act as important contributors to AD etiology and pathogenesis. The recognition of misfolded Aβ and tau by immune cells can trigger a series of complex immune responses in AD, and then lead to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In parallel, genome-wide association studies have also identified several immune related loci associated with increased - risk of AD by interfering with the function of immune cells. Other immune related factors, such as impaired immunometabolism, defective meningeal lymphatic vessels and autoimmunity might also be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Here, we review the data showing the alterations of immune cells in the AD trajectory and seek to demonstrate the crosstalk between the immune cell dysfunction and AD pathology. We then discuss the most relevant research findings in regards to the influences of gene susceptibility of immune cells for AD. We also consider impaired meningeal lymphatics, immunometabolism and autoimmune mechanisms in AD. In addition, immune related biomarkers and immunotherapies for AD are also mentioned in order to offer novel insights for future research.
Collapse
|
49
|
Immune cell compartmentalization for brain surveillance and protection. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1083-1092. [PMID: 34429552 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For decades, it was commonly accepted that the brain is secluded from peripheral immune activity and is self-sufficient for its maintenance and repair. This simplistic perception was based on the presence of resident immune cells, the microglia, and barrier systems within the brain, and the assumption that the central nervous system (CNS) lacks lymphatic drainage. This view was revised with the discoveries that higher functions of the CNS, homeostasis and repair are supported by peripheral innate and adaptive immune cells. The findings of bone marrow-derived immune cells in specialized niches, and the renewed observation that a lymphatic drainage system exists within the brain, further contributed to this revised model. In this Review, we describe the immune niches within the brain, the contribution of professional immune cells to brain functions, the bidirectional relationships between the CNS and the immune system and the relevance of immune components to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Fung ITH, Zhang Y, Shin DS, Sankar P, Sun X, D'Souza SS, Song R, Kuentzel ML, Chittur SV, Zuloaga KL, Yang Q. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are numerically and functionally deficient in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:152. [PMID: 34229727 PMCID: PMC8261980 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune pathways in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain incompletely understood. Our recent study indicates that tissue-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) accumulate in the brain barriers of aged mice and that their activation alleviates aging-associated cognitive decline. The regulation and function of ILC2 in AD, however, remain unknown. Methods In this study, we examined the numbers and functional capability of ILC2 from the triple transgenic AD mice (3xTg-AD) and control wild-type mice. We investigated the effects of treatment with IL-5, a cytokine produced by ILC2, on the cognitive function of 3xTg-AD mice. Results We demonstrate that brain-associated ILC2 are numerically and functionally defective in the triple transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD). The numbers of brain-associated ILC2 were greatly reduced in 7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice of both sexes, compared to those in age- and sex-matched control wild-type mice. The remaining ILC2 in 3xTg-AD mice failed to efficiently produce the type 2 cytokine IL-5 but gained the capability to express a number of proinflammatory genes. Administration of IL-5, a cytokine produced by ILC2, transiently improved spatial recognition and learning in 3xTg-AD mice. Conclusion Our results collectively indicate that numerical and functional deficiency of ILC2 might contribute to the cognitive impairment of 3xTg-AD mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02202-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ting Hin Fung
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Damian S Shin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Poornima Sankar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Xiangwan Sun
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Shanti S D'Souza
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Renjie Song
- Biochemistry & Immunology Core Facility at Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Marcy L Kuentzel
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|