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Liu Y, Weng L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wu Q, Zhao P, Shi Y, Wang P, Fang L. Deciphering the role of CD47 in cancer immunotherapy. J Adv Res 2024; 63:129-158. [PMID: 39167629 PMCID: PMC11380025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel strategy for cancer treatment following surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint blockade and Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have been successful in clinical trials. Cancer cells evade immune surveillance by hijacking inhibitory pathways via overexpression of checkpoint genes. The Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) has emerged as a crucial checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy by working as a "don't eat me" signal and suppressing innate immune signaling. Furthermore, CD47 is highly expressed in many cancer types to protect cancer cells from phagocytosis via binding to SIRPα on phagocytes. Targeting CD47 by either interrupting the CD47-SIRPα axis or combing with other therapies has been demonstrated as an encouraging therapeutic strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies and small molecules that target CD47 have been explored in pre- and clinical trials. However, formidable challenges such as the anemia and palate aggregation cannot be avoided because of the wide presentation of CD47 on erythrocytes. AIM OF VIEW This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulation and function of CD47, and provides a new perspective for immunotherapy targeting CD47. It also highlights the clinical progress of targeting CD47 and discusses challenges and potential strategies. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review provides a comprehensive understanding of targeting CD47 in cancer immunotherapy, it also augments the concept of combination immunotherapy strategies by employing both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Linjun Weng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi, Medical Center, 39216 Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, No.266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lan Fang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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2
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Jiang C, Sun H, Jiang Z, Tian W, Cang S, Yu J. Targeting the CD47/SIRPα pathway in malignancies: recent progress, difficulties and future perspectives. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1378647. [PMID: 39040441 PMCID: PMC11261161 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1378647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its initial report in 2015, CD47 has garnered significant attention as an innate immune checkpoint, raising expectations to become the next "PD-1." The optimistic early stages of clinical development spurred a flurry of licensing deals for CD47-targeted molecules and company mergers or acquisitions for related assets. However, a series of setbacks unfolded recently, starting with the July 2023 announcement of discontinuing the phase 3 ENHANCE study on Magrolimab plus Azacitidine for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Subsequently, in August 2023, the termination of the ASPEN-02 program, assessing Evorpacept in combination with Azacitidine in MDS patients, was disclosed due to insufficient improvement compared to Azacitidine alone. These setbacks have cast doubt on the feasibility of targeting CD47 in the industry. In this review, we delve into the challenges of developing CD47-SIRPα-targeted drugs, analyze factors contributing to the mentioned setbacks, discuss future perspectives, and explore potential solutions for enhancing CD47-SIRPα-targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine in Cancer, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital and Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine in Cancer, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital and Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Luo Q, Dai L, Li J, Chen H, Hao Y, Li Q, Pan L, Song C, Qian Z, Chen M. Intracellular and extracellular synergistic therapy for restoring macrophage functions via anti-CD47 antibody-conjugated bifunctional nanoparticles in atherosclerosis. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:326-337. [PMID: 38274294 PMCID: PMC10809006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant contributor to global cardiovascular disease. Reducing the formation of atherosclerotic plaque effectively can lead to a decrease in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, controlling macrophage function is crucial. This study presents the creation of a bifunctional nanoparticle that is specific to macrophages to achieve intracellular and extracellular synergistic therapy for restoring macrophage functions. The nanoparticle is conjugated with anti-CD47 antibody to modulate extracellular CD47-SIRPα phagocytic signaling axis on the outer surface of macrophages and encapsulates the NLRP3 inhibitor (CY-09) to regulate intracellular inflammation response of macrophages. The results showed that the nanoparticles accumulate in the atherosclerotic plaque, alter macrophage phagocytosis, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and decrease the plaque burden in Apoe-/- mice whilst ensuring safety. Examination of single-cell RNA sequencing indicates that this multifunctional nanoparticle decreases the expression of genes linked to inflammation and manages inflammatory pathways in the plaque lesion. This study proposes a synergistic therapeutic approach that utilizes a bifunctional nanoparticle, conjugated with anti-CD47, to regulate the microenvironment of plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Liqun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Heyanni Chen
- West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qing Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lili Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengxiang Song
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610064, China
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4
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Tong S, Zhu Y, Leng Y, Wu Y, Xiao X, Zhao W, Tan S. Restoration of miR-299-3p promotes macrophage phagocytosis and suppresses malignant phenotypes in breast cancer carcinogenesis via dual-targeting CD47 and ABCE1. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111708. [PMID: 38394889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Immunoevasion has been a severe obstacle for the clinical treatment of breast cancer (BC). CD47, known as an anti-phagocytic molecule, plays a key role in governing the evasion of tumor cells from immune surveillance by interacting with signal-regulated protein α (SIRPα) on macrophages. Here, we report for the first time that miR-299-3p is a direct regulator of CD47 with tumor suppressive effects both in vitro and in vivo. miRNA expression profiles and overall survival of BC cohorts from the Cancer Genome Atlas, METABRIC, or GSE19783 datasets showed that miR-299-3p is downregulated in BC tissues and that BC patients with low levels of miR-299-3p have poorer prognoses. Using dual-luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and phagocytosis assays, we proved that restoration of miR-299-3p can suppress CD47 expression by directly targeting the predicted seed sequence "CCCACAU" in its 3'-UTR, leading to phagocytosis of BC cells by macrophages, whereas miR-299-3p inhibition or deletion reversed this effect. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and a variety of confirmatory experiments revealed that miR-299-3p was inversely correlated with cell proliferation, migration, and the cell cycle process. Mechanistically, miR-299-3p can also directly target ABCE1, an essential ribosome recycling factor, alleviating these malignant phenotypes of BC cells. In vivo BC xenografts based on nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice further proved that restoration of miR-299-3p resulted in a significant suppression of tumorigenesis and a promotion of macrophage activation and infiltration. Overall, our study suggested that miR-299-3p is a potent inhibitor of CD47 and ABCE1 to exhibit bifunctional BC-suppressing effects through immune activation conjugated with malignant behavior inhibition in breast carcinogenesis and thus can potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufang Tong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druhavggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yingli Zhu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druhavggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yeqing Leng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druhavggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yunling Wu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druhavggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xingxing Xiao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druhavggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druhavggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Shuhua Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druhavggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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5
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Chan H, Trout CV, Mikolon D, Adams P, Guzman R, Mavrommatis K, Abbasian M, Hadjivassiliou H, Dearth L, Fox BA, Sivakumar P, Cho H, Hariharan K. Discovery and Preclinical Activity of BMS-986351, an Antibody to SIRPα That Enhances Macrophage-mediated Tumor Phagocytosis When Combined with Opsonizing Antibodies. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:505-515. [PMID: 38319147 PMCID: PMC10883291 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In normal cells, binding of the transmembrane protein CD47 to signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPα) on macrophages induces an antiphagocytic signal. Tumor cells hijack this pathway and overexpress CD47 to evade immune destruction. Macrophage antitumor activity can be restored by simultaneously blocking the CD47-SIRPα signaling axis and inducing a prophagocytic signal via tumor-opsonizing antibodies. We identified a novel, fully human mAb (BMS-986351) that binds SIRPα with high affinity. BMS-986351 demonstrated broad binding coverage across SIRPα polymorphisms and potently blocked CD47-SIRPα binding at the CD47 binding site in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro, BMS-986351 increased phagocytic activity against cell lines from solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and this effect was markedly enhanced when BMS-986351 was combined with the opsonizing antibodies cetuximab and rituximab. A phase I dose-escalation/-expansion study of BMS-986351 for the treatment of advanced solid and hematologic malignancies is underway (NCT03783403). SIGNIFICANCE Increasing the phagocytotic capabilities of tumor-associated macrophages by modulating macrophage-tumor cell surface signaling via the CD47-SIRPα axis is a novel strategy. Molecules targeting CD47 have potential but its ubiquitous expression necessitates higher therapeutic doses to overcome potential antigen sink effects. The restricted expression pattern of SIRPα may limit toxicities and lower doses of the SIRPα antibody BMS-986351 may overcome target mediated drug disposition while maintaining the desired pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Chan
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, California
| | - Christina V Trout
- Strategy and Business Development, Avidity Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - David Mikolon
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, California
| | - Preston Adams
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence Dearth
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, California
| | - Brian A Fox
- Informatics and Predictive Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington
| | - Pallavur Sivakumar
- Immuno-Oncology and Cell Therapy Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ho Cho
- Samsung Bioepis, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
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6
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Baghy K, Ladányi A, Reszegi A, Kovalszky I. Insights into the Tumor Microenvironment-Components, Functions and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17536. [PMID: 38139365 PMCID: PMC10743805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Similarly to our healthy organs, the tumor tissue also constitutes an ecosystem. This implies that stromal cells acquire an altered phenotype in tandem with tumor cells, thereby promoting tumor survival. Cancer cells are fueled by abnormal blood vessels, allowing them to develop and proliferate. Tumor-associated fibroblasts adapt their cytokine and chemokine production to the needs of tumor cells and alter the peritumoral stroma by generating more collagen, thereby stiffening the matrix; these processes promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor cell invasion. Chronic inflammation and the mobilization of pro-tumorigenic inflammatory cells further facilitate tumor expansion. All of these events can impede the effective administration of tumor treatment; so, the successful inhibition of tumorous matrix remodeling could further enhance the success of antitumor therapy. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made with the introduction of novel immunotherapy that targets the inhibitory mechanisms of T cell activation. However, extensive research is also being conducted on the stromal components and other cell types of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that may serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Baghy
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
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7
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Zheng S, Ji Y, Li N, Zhang L. Biomimetic Design of Peptide Inhibitor to Block CD47/SIRPα Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18101-18112. [PMID: 38038444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
CD47 on the surface of tumor cells has become a research hot spot in immunotherapy and anticancer therapy, as it can bind to SIRPα protein on the surface of macrophages, which ultimately leads to immune escape of tumor cells. In the present study, molecular interactions between CD47 and human SIRPα proteins (including variant 1, V1 and variant 2, V2) were analyzed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and the molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method. Hydrophobic interactions were found as the main driving force for the binding of CD47 on SIRPα. The residues including pyroglutamate acid (Z)1, L2, E35, Y37, E97, L101, and T102 of CD47 were identified with a significant favorable contribution to the binding of CD47 on SIRPα (both V1 and V2). Based on this, a peptide inhibitor library with the sequence ZLXRTLXEXY was designed (X represents the arbitrary residue of 20 standard amino acids) and then screened using molecular docking, MD simulations, and experimental validation. Finally, a peptide ZLIRTLHEWY was determined with high affinity with SIRPα from 8000 candidates, containing 6/10 residues favorable for the binding on SIRPα V1 and 8/10 residues favorable for the binding on SIRPα V2, which was thus considered to have potential anticancer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zheng
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Ji
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanxing Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wang C, Feng Y, Patel D, Xie H, Lv Y, Zhao H. The role of CD47 in non-neoplastic diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22905. [PMID: 38125492 PMCID: PMC10731077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is a 50 kDa five-spanning membrane receptor that plays a crucial role in multiple cellular processes, including myeloid cell activation, neutrophils transmigration, vascular remodeling, leukocyte adhesion and trans-endothelial migration. Recent studies have revealed that CD47 is a highly expressed anti-phagocytic signal in several types of cancer, and therefore, blocking of CD47 has shown an effective therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, CD47 has been found to be involved in a complex interplay with microglia and other types of cells, and increasing evidence indicates that CD47 can be targeted as part of immune modulatory strategies for non-neoplastic diseases as well. In this review, we focus on CD47 and its role in non-neoplastic diseases, including neurological disorders, atherosclerosis and autoimmune diseases. In addition, we discuss the major challenges and potential remedies associated with CD47-SIRPα-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Deepali Patel
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Yaqing Lv
- Department of Outpatient, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
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9
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Lau APY, Khavkine Binstock SS, Thu KL. CD47: The Next Frontier in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5229. [PMID: 37958404 PMCID: PMC10649163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of PD-1/PD-L1-targeted therapy in lung cancer has resulted in great enthusiasm for additional immunotherapies in development to elicit similar survival benefits, particularly in patients who do not respond to or are ineligible for PD-1 blockade. CD47 is an immunosuppressive molecule that binds SIRPα on antigen-presenting cells to regulate an innate immune checkpoint that blocks phagocytosis and subsequent activation of adaptive tumor immunity. In lung cancer, CD47 expression is associated with poor survival and tumors with EGFR mutations, which do not typically respond to PD-1 blockade. Given its prognostic relevance, its role in facilitating immune escape, and the number of agents currently in clinical development, CD47 blockade represents a promising next-generation immunotherapy for lung cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize how tumors disrupt the cancer immunity cycle to facilitate immune evasion and their exploitation of immune checkpoints like the CD47-SIRPα axis. We also discuss approved immune checkpoint inhibitors and strategies for targeting CD47 that are currently being investigated. Finally, we review the literature supporting CD47 as a promising immunotherapeutic target in lung cancer and offer our perspective on key obstacles that must be overcome to establish CD47 blockade as the next standard of care for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa P. Y. Lau
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Sharon S. Khavkine Binstock
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Kelsie L. Thu
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
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10
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Koukourakis IM, Platoni K, Tiniakos D, Kouloulias V, Zygogianni A. Immune Response and Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Patients with Rectal Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4495-4517. [PMID: 37232754 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that tumor antigens and molecules expressed and secreted by cancer cells trigger innate and adaptive immune responses. These two types of anti-tumor immunity lead to the infiltration of the tumor's microenvironment by immune cells with either regulatory or cytotoxic properties. Whether this response is associated with tumor eradication after radiotherapy and chemotherapy or regrowth has been a matter of extensive research through the years, mainly focusing on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and monocytes and their subtypes, and the expression of immune checkpoint and other immune-related molecules by both immune and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. A literature search has been conducted on studies dealing with the immune response in patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, assessing its impact on locoregional control and survival and underlying the potential role of immunotherapy in the treatment of this cancer subtype. Here, we provide an overview of the interactions between local/systemic anti-tumor immunity, cancer-related immune checkpoint, and other immunological pathways and radiotherapy, and how these affect the prognosis of rectal cancer patients. Chemoradiotherapy induces critical immunological changes in the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells that can be exploited for therapeutic interventions in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis M Koukourakis
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Platoni
- Medical Physics Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Vassilis Kouloulias
- Radiotherapy Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Zygogianni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 11528 Athens, Greece
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van Helden MJ, Zwarthoff SA, Arends RJ, Reinieren-Beeren IMJ, Paradé MCBC, Driessen-Engels L, de Laat-Arts K, Damming D, Santegoeds-Lenssen EWH, van Kuppeveld DWJ, Lodewijks I, Olsman H, Matlung HL, Franke K, Mattaar-Hepp E, Stokman MEM, de Wit B, Glaudemans DHRF, van Wijk DEJW, Joosten-Stoffels L, Schouten J, Boersema PJ, van der Vleuten M, Sanderink JWH, Kappers WA, van den Dobbelsteen D, Timmers M, Ubink R, Rouwendal GJA, Verheijden G, van der Lee MMC, Dokter WHA, van den Berg TK. BYON4228 is a pan-allelic antagonistic SIRPα antibody that potentiates destruction of antibody-opsonized tumor cells and lacks binding to SIRPγ on T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006567. [PMID: 37068796 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have firmly established the CD47-signal-regulatory protein (SIRP)α axis as a myeloid immune checkpoint in cancer, and this is corroborated by available evidence from the first clinical studies with CD47 blockers. However, CD47 is ubiquitously expressed and mediates functional interactions with other ligands as well, and therefore targeting of the primarily myeloid cell-restricted inhibitory immunoreceptor SIRPα may represent a better strategy. METHOD We generated BYON4228, a novel SIRPα-directed antibody. An extensive preclinical characterization was performed, including direct comparisons to previously reported anti-SIRPα antibodies. RESULTS BYON4228 is an antibody directed against SIRPα that recognizes both allelic variants of SIRPα in the human population, thereby maximizing its potential clinical applicability. Notably, BYON4228 does not recognize the closely related T-cell expressed SIRPγ that mediates interactions with CD47 as well, which are known to be instrumental in T-cell extravasation and activation. BYON4228 binds to the N-terminal Ig-like domain of SIRPα and its epitope largely overlaps with the CD47-binding site. BYON4228 blocks binding of CD47 to SIRPα and inhibits signaling through the CD47-SIRPα axis. Functional studies show that BYON4228 potentiates macrophage-mediated and neutrophil-mediated killing of hematologic and solid cancer cells in vitro in the presence of a variety of tumor-targeting antibodies, including trastuzumab, rituximab, daratumumab and cetuximab. The silenced Fc region of BYON4228 precludes immune cell-mediated elimination of SIRPα-positive myeloid cells, implying anticipated preservation of myeloid immune effector cells in patients. The unique profile of BYON4228 clearly distinguishes it from previously reported antibodies representative of agents in clinical development, which either lack recognition of one of the two SIRPα polymorphic variants (HEFLB), or cross-react with SIRPγ and inhibit CD47-SIRPγ interactions (SIRPAB-11-K322A, 1H9), and/or have functional Fc regions thereby displaying myeloid cell depletion activity (SIRPAB-11-K322A). In vivo, BYON4228 increases the antitumor activity of rituximab in a B-cell Raji xenograft model in human SIRPαBIT transgenic mice. Finally, BYON4228 shows a favorable safety profile in cynomolgus monkeys. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this defines BYON4228 as a preclinically highly differentiating pan-allelic SIRPα antibody without T-cell SIRPγ recognition that promotes the destruction of antibody-opsonized cancer cells. Clinical studies are planned to start in 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Olsman
- Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Benny de Wit
- Byondis BV, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jan Schouten
- Byondis BV, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruud Ubink
- Byondis BV, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Timo K van den Berg
- Byondis BV, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Cheruku S, Rao V, Pandey R, Rao Chamallamudi M, Velayutham R, Kumar N. Tumor-associated macrophages employ immunoediting mechanisms in colorectal tumor progression: Current research in Macrophage repolarization immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109569. [PMID: 36773572 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the most prolific resident of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that regulate its TME into tumor suppressive or progressive milieu by utilizing immunoediting machinery. Here, the tumor cells construct an immunosuppressive microenvironment that educates TAMs to polarize from anti-tumor TAM-M1 to pro-tumor TAM-M2 phenotype consequently contributing to tumor progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the TME displays a prominent pro-tumorigenic immune profile with elevated expression of immune-checkpoint molecules notably PD-1, CTLA4, etc., in both MSI and ultra-mutated MSS tumors. This authenticated immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI) immunotherapy as a pre-requisite for clinical benefit in CRC. However, in response to ICI, specifically, the MSIhi tumors evolved to produce novel immune escape variants thus undermining ICI. Lately, TAM-directed therapies extending from macrophage depletion to repolarization have enabled TME alteration. While TAM accrual implicates clinical benefit in CRC, sustained inflammatory insult may program TAMs to shift from M1 to M2 phenotype. Their ability to oscillate on both facets of the spectrum represents macrophage repolarization immunotherapy as an effective approach to treating CRC. In this review, we briefly discuss the differentiation heterogeneity of colonic macrophages that partake in macrophage-directed immunoediting mechanisms in CRC progression and its employment in macrophage re-polarization immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- SriPragnya Cheruku
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishree Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial area, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial area, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial area, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India.
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13
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Luo X, Shen Y, Huang W, Bao Y, Mo J, Yao L, Yuan L. Blocking CD47-SIRPα Signal Axis as Promising Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231159706. [PMID: 36826231 PMCID: PMC9969460 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231159706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the three primary gynecological malignancies, ovarian cancer has the lowest incidence but the worst prognosis. Because of the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients treated with existing treatments, immunotherapy is emerging as a potentially ideal alternative to surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Among immunotherapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been the most thoroughly studied, and many drugs have been successfully used in the clinic. CD47, a novel immune checkpoint, provides insights into ovarian cancer immunotherapy. This review highlights the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion via CD47-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis and provides a comprehensive insight into the progress of the relevant targeted agents in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Luo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yini Shen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Bao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahang Mo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangqing Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of
Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Lei Yuan, MD, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011,
China.
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14
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Yang H, Xun Y, You H. The landscape overview of CD47-based immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2023; 11:15. [PMID: 36726125 PMCID: PMC9893585 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive clinical and experimental evidence suggests that macrophages play a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 47, which is found on both healthy and malignant cells, regulates macrophage-mediated phagocytosis by sending a "don't eat me" signal to the signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) receptor. Increasing evidence demonstrates that blocking CD47 interaction with SIRPα can enhance cancer cell clearance by macrophages. Additionally, inhibition of CD47/SIRPα interaction can increase antigen cross-presentation, leading to T-cell priming and an activated adaptive antitumor immune response. Therefore, inhibiting CD47/SIRPα axis has a significant impact on tumor immunotherapy. Studies on CD47 monoclonal antibodies are at the forefront of research, and impressive results have been obtained. Nevertheless, hematotoxicity, especially anemia, has become the most common adverse effect of the CD47 monoclonal antibody. More specific targeted drugs (i.e., bispecific antibodies, SIRPα/Fc fusion protein antibodies, and small-molecule inhibitors) have been developed to reduce hematotoxicity. Here, we review the present usage of CD47 antagonists for the treatment of lymphomas and hematologic neoplasms from the perspectives of structure, function, and clinical trials, including a comprehensive overview of the drugs in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- grid.443369.f0000 0001 2331 8060Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528000 China
| | - Yang Xun
- grid.443369.f0000 0001 2331 8060Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528000 China
| | - Hua You
- grid.488412.3Laboratory for Excellence in Systems Biomedicine of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401122 China ,grid.488412.3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401122 China
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15
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Yang J, Deresa I, Ho WH, Long H, Maslyar D, Rosenthal A, Liang SC, Pincetic A. AL008 Enhances Myeloid Antitumor Function by Inhibiting SIRPα Signaling and Activating Fc Receptors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:204-215. [PMID: 36480261 PMCID: PMC9772397 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antagonizing the CD47-signal regulatory protein (SIRP)α pathway, a critical myeloid checkpoint, promotes antitumor immunity. In this study, we describe the development of AL008, a pan-allelic, SIRPα-specific Ab that triggers the degradation of SIRPα and, concurrently, stimulates FcγR activation of myeloid cells through an engineered Fc domain. AL008 showed superior enhancement of phagocytosis of tumor cells opsonized with antitumor Ag Abs compared with another SIRPα Ab tested. Unlike ligand-blocking SIRPα Abs, AL008 demonstrated single-agent activity by increasing tumor cell engulfment by human monocyte-derived macrophages even in the absence of opsonizing agents. This effect was due to enhanced Fc function, as blocking FcγR2A abrogated AL008-mediated phagocytic activity. AL008 also promoted human monocyte-derived dendritic cell-mediated T cell proliferation. In humanized mouse models, AL008 induced internalization of SIRPα and increased expression of CD86 and HLA-DR on human tumor-associated macrophages, confirming that the mechanism of action is retained in vivo. Monotherapy treatment with AL008 significantly reduced tumor growth in humanized mice implanted with human MDA-MB-231 tumor cells. AL008 also significantly potentiated the effects of T cell checkpoint blockade with anti-programmed death ligand-1 in syngeneic tumor models. This dual and specific mechanism of AL008, to our knowledge, provides a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting myeloid cells for immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hua Long
- Alector, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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16
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Aghamajidi A, Farhangnia P, Pashangzadeh S, Damavandi AR, Jafari R. Tumor-promoting myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of human oncoviruses: potential targets for immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:327. [PMID: 36303138 PMCID: PMC9608890 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncoviruses, known as cancer-causing viruses, are typically involved in cancer progression by inhibiting tumor suppressor pathways and uncontrolled cell division. Myeloid cells are the most frequent populations recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a critical role in cancer development and metastasis of malignant tumors. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs), and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) exert different states from anti-tumorigenic to pro-tumorigenic phenotypes in TME. Although their role in the anti-tumorigenic state is well introduced, their opposing roles, pro-tumorigenic activities, such as anti-inflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, should not be ignored since they result in inflammation, tumor progression, angiogenesis, and evasion. Since the blockade of these cells had promising results against cancer progression, their inhibition might be helpful in various cancer immunotherapies. This review highlights the promoting role of tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) in the pathophysiology of human virus tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Aghamajidi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Farhangnia
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Pashangzadeh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Students’ Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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17
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Targeting CXCR4 and CD47 Receptors: An Overview of New and Old Molecules for a Biological Personalized Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012499. [PMID: 36293358 PMCID: PMC9604048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological therapy, with its multifaceted applications, has revolutionized the treatment of tumors, mainly due to its ability to exclusively target cancer cells and reduce the adverse effects on normal tissues. This review focuses on the therapies targeting the CXCR4 and CD47 receptors. We surveyed the results of early clinical trials testing compounds classified as nonpeptides, small peptides, CXCR4 antagonists or specific antibodies whose activity reduces or completely blocks the intracellular signaling pathways and cell proliferation. We then examined antibodies and fusion proteins against CD47, the receptor that acts as a “do not eat me” signal to phagocytes escaping immune surveillance. Despite these molecules being tested in early clinical trials, some drawbacks are emerging that impair their use in practice. Finally, we examined the ImmunoGenic Surrender mechanism that involves crosstalk and co-internalization of CXCR4 and CD47 upon engagement of CXCR4 by ligands or other molecules. The favorable effect of such compounds is dual as CD47 surface reduction impact on the immune response adds to the block of CXCR4 proliferative potential. These results suggest that a combination of different therapeutic approaches has more beneficial effects on patients’ survival and may pave the way for new accomplishments in personalized anticancer therapy.
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18
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Zhu J, Cai C, Li J, Xiao J, Duan X. CD47-SIRPα axis in cancer therapy: Precise delivery of CD47-targeted therapeutics and design of anti-phagocytic drug delivery systems. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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19
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Yu J, Li S, Chen D, Liu D, Guo H, Yang C, Zhang W, Zhang L, Zhao G, Tu X, Peng L, Liu S, Bai X, Song Y, Jiang Z, Zhang R, Tian W. Crystal Structure of Human CD47 in Complex with Engineered SIRPα.D1(N80A). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175574. [PMID: 36080360 PMCID: PMC9457805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Targeting the CD47/SIRPα signaling pathway represents a novel approach to enhance anti-tumor immunity. However, the crystal structure of the CD47/SIRPα has not been fully studied. This study aims to analyze the structure interface of the complex of CD47 and IMM01, a novel recombinant SIRPα-Fc fusion protein. Methods: IMM01-Fab/CD47 complex was crystalized, and diffraction images were collected. The complex structure was determined by molecular replacement using the program PHASER with the CD47-SIRPαv2 structure (PDB code 2JJT) as a search model. The model was manually built using the COOT program and refined using TLS parameters in REFMAC from the CCP4 program suite. Results: Crystallization and structure determination analysis of the interface of IMM01/CD47 structure demonstrated CD47 surface buried by IMM01. Comparison with the literature structure (PDB ID 2JJT) showed that the interactions of IMM01/CD47 structure are the same. All the hydrogen bonds that appear in the literature structure are also present in the IMM01/CD47 structure. These common hydrogen bonds are stable under different crystal packing styles, suggesting that these hydrogen bonds are important for protein binding. In the structure of human CD47 in complex with human SIRPα, except SER66, the amino acids that form hydrogen bonds are all conserved. Furthermore, comparing with the structure of PDB ID 2JJT, the salt bridge interaction from IMM01/CD47 structure are very similar, except the salt bridge bond between LYS53 in IMM01 and GLU106 in CD47, which only occurs between the B and D chains. However, as the side chain conformation of LYS53 in chain A is slightly different, the salt bridge bond is absent between the A and C chains. At this site between chain A and chain C, there are a salt bridge bond between LYS53 (A) and GLU104 (C) and a salt bridge bond between HIS56 (A) and GLU106 (C) instead. According to the sequence alignment results of SIRPα, SIRPβ and SIRPγ in the literature of PDB ID 2JJT, except ASP100, the amino acids that form common salt bridge bonds are all conserved. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated crystal structure of the IMM01/CD47 complex and provides a structural basis for the structural binding interface and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Song Li
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dianze Chen
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiqin Guo
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Zhang
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gui Zhao
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoping Tu
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Peng
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xing Bai
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ruliang Zhang
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wang Y, Johnson KCC, Gatti-Mays ME, Li Z. Emerging strategies in targeting tumor-resident myeloid cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:118. [PMID: 36031601 PMCID: PMC9420297 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death-ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 provide deep and durable treatment responses which have revolutionized oncology. However, despite over 40% of cancer patients being eligible to receive immunotherapy, only 12% of patients gain benefit. A key to understanding what differentiates treatment response from non-response is better defining the role of the innate immune system in anti-tumor immunity and immune tolerance. Teleologically, myeloid cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils, initiate a response to invading pathogens and tissue repair after pathogen clearance is successfully accomplished. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), these innate cells are hijacked by the tumor cells and are imprinted to furthering tumor propagation and dissemination. Major advancements have been made in the field, especially related to the heterogeneity of myeloid cells and their function in the TME at the single cell level, a topic that has been highlighted by several recent international meetings including the 2021 China Cancer Immunotherapy workshop in Beijing. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of the mechanisms by which major myeloid cells in the TME facilitate immunosuppression, enable tumor growth, foster tumor plasticity, and confer therapeutic resistance. We discuss ongoing strategies targeting the myeloid compartment in the preclinical and clinical settings which include: (1) altering myeloid cell composition within the TME; (2) functional blockade of immune-suppressive myeloid cells; (3) reprogramming myeloid cells to acquire pro-inflammatory properties; (4) modulating myeloid cells via cytokines; (5) myeloid cell therapies; and (6) emerging targets such as Siglec-15, TREM2, MARCO, LILRB2, and CLEVER-1. There is a significant promise that myeloid cell-based immunotherapy will help advance immuno-oncology in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Margaret E Gatti-Mays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Zihai Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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21
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Bouwstra R, van Meerten T, Bremer E. CD47‐SIRPα blocking‐based immunotherapy: Current and prospective therapeutic strategies. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e943. [PMID: 35908284 PMCID: PMC9339239 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CD47‐signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) ‘don't eat me’ signalling axis is perhaps the most prominent innate immune checkpoint to date. However, from initial clinical trials, it is evident that monotherapy with CD47‐SIRPα blocking has a limited therapeutic effect at the maximum tolerated dose. Furthermore, treatment is associated with severe side effects, most notably anaemia, that are attributable to the ubiquitous expression of CD47. Nevertheless, promising clinical responses have been reported upon combination with the tumour‐targeting antibody rituximab or azacytidine, although toxicity issues still hamper clinical application. Main body Here, we discuss the current state of CD47‐SIRPα blocking therapy with a focus on limitations of current strategies, such as depletion of red blood cells. Subsequently, we focus on innovations designed to overcome these limitations. These include novel antibody formats designed to selectively target CD47 on tumour cells as well as tumour‐targeted bispecific antibodies with improved selectivity. In addition, the rationale and outcome of combinatorial approaches to improve the therapeutic effect of CD47 blockade are discussed. Such combinations include those with tumour‐targeted opsonizing antibodies, systemic therapy, epigenetic drugs, other immunomodulatory T‐cell‐targeted therapeutics or dual immunomodulatory CD47 bispecific antibodies. Conclusion With these advances in the design of CD47‐SIRPα‐targeting therapeutic strategies and increasing insight into the mechanism of action of this innate checkpoint, including the role of adaptive immunity, further advances in the clinical application of this checkpoint can be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Bouwstra
- Department of Hematology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Meerten
- Department of Hematology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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22
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van Duijn A, Van der Burg SH, Scheeren FA. CD47/SIRPα axis: bridging innate and adaptive immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004589. [PMID: 35831032 PMCID: PMC9280883 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid immune cells are frequently present in the tumor environment, and although they can positively contribute to tumor control they often negatively impact anticancer immune responses. One way of inhibiting the positive contributions of myeloid cells is by signaling through the cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47)/signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) axis. The SIRPα receptor is expressed on myeloid cells and is an inhibitory immune receptor that, upon binding to CD47 protein, delivers a ‘don’t eat me’ signal. As CD47 is often overexpressed on cancer cells, treatments targeting CD47/SIRPα have been under active investigation and are currently being tested in clinical settings. Interestingly, the CD47/SIRPα axis is also involved in T cell-mediated antitumor responses. In this perspective we provide an overview of recent studies showing how therapeutic blockade of the CD47/SIRPα axis improves the adaptive immune response. Furthermore, we discuss the interconnection between the myeloid CD47/SIRPα axis and adaptive T cell responses as well as the potential therapeutic role of the CD47/SIRPα axis in tumors with acquired resistance to the classic immunotherapy through major histocompatibility complex downregulation. Altogether this review provides a profound insight for the optimal exploitation of CD47/SIRPα immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneloes van Duijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H Van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Shen Q, Zhao L, Pan L, Li D, Chen G, Chen Z, Jiang Z. Soluble SIRP-Alpha Promotes Murine Acute Lung Injury Through Suppressing Macrophage Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865579. [PMID: 35634325 PMCID: PMC9133620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble signal regulatory protein-alpha (SIRP-alpha) is elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). To define the role of soluble SIRP-alpha in the pathogenesis of ALI, we established murine ALI in wild-type (WT) and SIRP-alpha knock-out (KO) mice by intratracheal administration of LPS. The results indicated that lack of SIRP-alpha significantly reduced the pathogenesis of ALI, in association with attenuated lung inflammation, infiltration of neutrophils and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice. In addition, lack of SIRP-alpha reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from KO mice, accompanied with improved macrophage phagocytosis. Blockade of soluble SIRP-alpha activity in ALI BAL by anti-SIRP-alpha antibody (aSIRP) effectively reduced the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA transcripts and proteins, improved macrophage phagocytosis in vitro. In addition, lack of SIRP-alpha reduced activation of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and improved activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and STAT6. Suppression of SHP-1 activity by tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor 1 (TPI-1) increased activation of STAT3 and STAT6, and improved macrophage phagocytosis, that was effectively reversed by STAT3 and STAT6 inhibitors. Thereby, SIRP-alpha suppressed macrophage phagocytosis through activation of SHP-1, subsequently inhibiting downstream STAT3 and STAT6 signaling. Lack of SIRP-alpha attenuated murine ALI possibly through increasing phagocytosis, and improving STAT3 and STAT6 signaling in macrophages. SIRP-alpha would be promising biomarker and molecular target in the treatment of murine ALI and patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjun Shen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyue Pan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Ohmine K, Uchibori R. Novel immunotherapies in multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2022; 115:799-810. [PMID: 35583724 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For a substantial period, options for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) were limited; however, the advent of novel therapies into clinical practice in the 1990s resulted in dramatic changes in the prognosis of the disease. Subsequently, new proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators with innovations in efficacy and toxicity were introduced; yet there remains a spectrum of patients with poor outcomes with current treatment strategies. One of the causes of disease progression in MM is the loss of the ability of the dysfunctional immune environment to control virulent cell clones. In recent years, therapies to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and activate the host immune system have shown promise in MM, especially in relapsed and refractory disease. Clinical use of this approach has been approved for several immunotherapies, and a number of studies are currently underway in clinical trials. This review outlines three of the newest and most promising approaches being investigated to enhance the immune system against MM: (1) overcoming immunosuppression with checkpoint inhibitors, (2) boosting immunity against tumors with vaccines, and (3) enhancing immune effectors with adoptive cell therapy. Information on the latest clinical trials in each class will be provided, and further developments will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ohmine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
- Division of Immuno-Gene and Cell Therapy (Takara Bio), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Uchibori
- Division of Immuno-Gene and Cell Therapy (Takara Bio), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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25
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Liao H, Niu C. Role of CD47-SIRPα Checkpoint in Nanomedicine-Based Anti-Cancer Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:887463. [PMID: 35557862 PMCID: PMC9087583 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.887463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancers have evolved various mechanisms to evade immunological surveillance, such as the inhibitory immune checkpoint of the CD47-SIRPα signaling pathway. By targeting this signaling pathway, researchers have developed diverse nanovehicles with different loaded drugs and modifications in anticancer treatment. In this review, we present a brief overview of CD47-SIRPα interaction and nanomedicine. Then, we delve into recent applications of the CD47-SIRPα interaction as a target for nanomedicine-based antitumor treatment and its combination with other targeting pathway drugs and/or therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Liao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengcheng Niu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chengcheng Niu,
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26
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Wang Y, Zhao C, Liu Y, Wang C, Jiang H, Hu Y, Wu J. Recent Advances of Tumor Therapy Based on the CD47-SIRPα Axis. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1273-1293. [PMID: 35436123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still a major disease that is currently difficult for humans to overcome. When the expression of the cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) is upregulated, tumor cells interact with the macrophage inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) to transmit the "Don't eat me" signal, thereby avoiding phagocytosis by the macrophages. Therefore, when the CD47-SIRPα axis is inhibited, the macrophages' phagocytic function can be restored and can also exert antitumor effects. This Review mainly introduces recent advances in tumor therapy targeted on the CD47-SIRPα axis, including the antibody and fusion protein, small molecule, gene therapy, cell therapy, and drug delivery system, to inhibit the function of CD47 expressed on tumor cells and promote tumor phagocytosis by macrophages. In addition, this Review also summarizes the current approaches to avoid anemia, a common side effect of CD47-SIRPα inhibitions, and provides ideas for clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chenxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haojie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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27
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Qu T, Li B, Wang Y. Targeting CD47/SIRPα as a therapeutic strategy, where we are and where we are headed. Biomark Res 2022; 10:20. [PMID: 35418166 PMCID: PMC9009010 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibitors to stimulate T cell immunity has achieved significant clinical success. However, only a portion of patients benefit from T cell-based immunotherapy. Macrophages, the most abundant type of innate immune cells in the body, play an important role in eliminating tumor cells and infectious microbes. The phagocytic check point protein CD47 inhibits the phagocytic activity of macrophages through binding to SIRPα expressed on macrophages. Blockade of the interaction between CD47 and SIRPα could restore phagocytic activity and eliminate tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In this manuscript, we review the mechanism of action and development status of agents (antibodies targeting CD47 and SIRPα, SIRPα-Fc fusion proteins, and bi-specific antibodies) that block CD47/SIRPα interaction in preclinical studies and in the clinical setting. In addition, small molecules, mRNA, and CAR-T/M that target the CD47/SIRPα axis are also reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailong Qu
- College of life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Antibody Discovery, Akeso Biopharma, No.6 of Shennong Road, Torch Development District, Zhongshan, 528437 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baiyong Li
- Department of Antibody Discovery, Akeso Biopharma, No.6 of Shennong Road, Torch Development District, Zhongshan, 528437 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 People’s Republic of China
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28
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Andrechak JC, Dooling LJ, Tobin MP, Zhang W, Hayes BH, Lee JY, Jin X, Irianto J, Discher DE. CD47-SIRPα Checkpoint Disruption in Metastases Requires Tumor-Targeting Antibody for Molecular and Engineered Macrophage Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1930. [PMID: 35454837 PMCID: PMC9026896 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage checkpoint interaction CD47-SIRPα is an emerging target for cancer therapy, but clinical trials of monoclonal anti-CD47 show efficacy only in liquid tumors when combined with tumor-opsonizing IgG. Here, in challenging metastatic solid tumors, CD47 deletion shows no effect on tumor growth unless combined with otherwise ineffective tumor-opsonization, and we likewise show wild-type metastases are suppressed by SIRPα-blocked macrophages plus tumor-opsonization. Lung tumor nodules of syngeneic B16F10 melanoma cells with CD47 deletion show opsonization drives macrophage phagocytosis of B16F10s, consistent with growth versus phagocytosis calculus for exponential suppression of cancer. Wild-type CD47 levels on metastases in lungs of immunocompetent mice and on human metastases in livers of immunodeficient mice show that systemic injection of antibody-engineered macrophages also suppresses growth. Such in vivo functionality can be modulated by particle pre-loading of the macrophages. Thus, even though CD47-SIRPα disruption and tumor-opsonizing IgG are separately ineffective against established metastatic solid tumors, their combination in molecular and cellular therapies prolongs survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Andrechak
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.C.A.); (L.J.D.); (M.P.T.); (W.Z.); (B.H.H.); (J.Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.I.)
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.C.A.); (L.J.D.); (M.P.T.); (W.Z.); (B.H.H.); (J.Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Michael P. Tobin
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.C.A.); (L.J.D.); (M.P.T.); (W.Z.); (B.H.H.); (J.Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.I.)
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Zhang
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.C.A.); (L.J.D.); (M.P.T.); (W.Z.); (B.H.H.); (J.Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.I.)
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandon H. Hayes
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.C.A.); (L.J.D.); (M.P.T.); (W.Z.); (B.H.H.); (J.Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.I.)
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justine Y. Lee
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.C.A.); (L.J.D.); (M.P.T.); (W.Z.); (B.H.H.); (J.Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.C.A.); (L.J.D.); (M.P.T.); (W.Z.); (B.H.H.); (J.Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.C.A.); (L.J.D.); (M.P.T.); (W.Z.); (B.H.H.); (J.Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.I.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.C.A.); (L.J.D.); (M.P.T.); (W.Z.); (B.H.H.); (J.Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.I.)
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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29
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Wu ZH, Li N, Mei XF, Chen J, Wang XZ, Guo TT, Chen G, Nie L, Chen Y, Jiang MZ, Wang JT, Wang HB. Preclinical characterization of the novel anti-SIRPα antibody BR105 that targets the myeloid immune checkpoint. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004054. [PMID: 35256517 PMCID: PMC8905892 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CD47-SIRPα pathway acts as an important myeloid cell immune checkpoint and targeting the CD47/SIRPα axis represents a promising strategy to promote antitumor immunity. Several CD47-targeting agents show encouraging early activity in clinical trials. However, due to ubiquitous expression of CD47, the antigen sink and hematologic toxicity, such as anemia and thrombocytopenia, are main problems for developing CD47-targeting therapies. Considering the limited expression of SIRPα, targeting SIRPα is an alternative approach to block the CD47-SIRPα pathway, which may result in differential efficacy and safety profiles. METHODS SIRPα-targeting antibody BR105 was generated by hybridoma fusion and following humanization. BR105 was characterized for binding to human SIRPα alleles and blockade of the interaction with CD47. The functional activity was determined in in vitro phagocytosis assays by using human macrophages. The effect of BR105 on human T cell activation was studied using an OKT3-induced T-cell proliferation assay and an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Human SIRPα-humanized immunodeficient mice were used in cancer models for evaluating the in vivo antitumor efficacy of BR105. Safety was addressed in a repeat-dose toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys, and toxicokinetic analysis was further evaluated. RESULTS BR105 shows broad binding activity across various SIRPα variants, and potently blocks the interaction of SIRPα and CD47. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that BR105 synergizes with therapeutic antibodies to promote phagocytosis of tumor cells. Moreover, the combination of BR105 and therapeutic antibody significantly inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model. Although BR105 may slightly bind to SIRPγ, it does not inhibit T cell activation, unlike other non-selective SIRPα-targeting antibody and CD47-targeting agents. Toxicity studies in non-human primates show that BR105 is well tolerated with no treatment-related adverse effects noted. CONCLUSIONS The novel and differentiated SIRPα-targeting antibody, BR105, was discovered and displays promising antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. BR105 has a favorable safety profile and shows no adverse effects on T cell functionality. These data support further clinical development of BR105, especially as a therapeutic agent to enhance efficacy when used in combination with tumor-targeting antibodies or antibodies that target other immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wu
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Li
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Mei
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Chen
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ze Wang
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Guo
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Corp, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lei Nie
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Chen
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Zhu Jiang
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji-Teng Wang
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- BioRay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Singla B, Lin HP, Ahn W, Xu J, Ma Q, Sghayyer M, Dong K, Cherian-Shaw M, Zhou J, Huo Y, White J, Csányi G. Loss of myeloid cell-specific SIRPα, but not CD47, attenuates inflammation and suppresses atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:3097-3111. [PMID: 34940829 PMCID: PMC9732525 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inhibitors of the anti-phagocytic CD47-SIRPα immune checkpoint are currently in clinical development for a variety of haematological and solid tumours. Application of immune checkpoint inhibitors to the cardiovascular field is limited by the lack of preclinical studies using genetic models of CD47 and SIRPα inhibition. In this study, we comprehensively analysed the effects of global and cell-specific SIRPα and CD47 deletion on atherosclerosis development. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that both SIRPα and CD47 expression are increased in human atherosclerotic arteries and primarily co-localize to CD68+ areas in the plaque region. Hypercholesterolaemic mice homozygous for a Sirpa mutant lacking the signalling cytoplasmic region (Sirpamut/mut) and myeloid cell-specific Sirpa-knockout mice are protected from atherosclerosis. Further, global Cd47-/- mice are protected from atherosclerosis but myeloid cell-specific deletion of Cd47 increased atherosclerosis development. Using a combination of techniques, we show that loss of SIRPα signalling in macrophages stimulates efferocytosis, reduces cholesterol accumulation, promotes lipid efflux, and attenuates oxidized LDL-induced inflammation in vitro and induces M2 macrophage phenotype and inhibits necrotic core formation in the arterial wall in vivo. Conversely, loss of myeloid cell CD47 inhibited efferocytosis, impaired cholesterol efflux, augmented cellular inflammation, stimulated M1 polarization, and failed to decrease necrotic core area in atherosclerotic vessels. Finally, comprehensive blood cell analysis demonstrated lower haemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in Cd47-/- mice compared with wild-type and Sirpamut/mut mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings identify SIRPα as a potential target in atherosclerosis and suggest the importance of cell-specific CD47 inhibition as a future therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Present address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - WonMo Ahn
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jiean Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Moses Sghayyer
- Medical Scholars Program, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Joseph White
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Corresponding author. Tel: +1 706 721 1437; fax: +1 706 721 9799, E-mail:
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31
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Dizman N, Buchbinder EI. Cancer Therapy Targeting CD47/SIRPα. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246229. [PMID: 34944850 PMCID: PMC8699673 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interaction between cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) on cancer cells and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, generates a “don’t eat me” signal. This is a common mechanism that provides cancer cells an escape from the innate immune system. Several therapeutics directed to CD47 or SIRPα have entered early clinical trials in recent years. In this article, we review the role of CD47/SIRPα axis in cancer, and summarize the literature on the efficacy and safety of therapeutics targeting CD47 or SIRPα. We also discuss the future implementation of these therapeutics in the treatments of various cancer types. Abstract In the past decade, the field of cancer immunotherapy has rapidly advanced, establishing a crucial role for immune checkpoint blockers in the treatment of a variety of cancer types. In parallel with these remarkable clinical developments, further efforts have focused on ways of unleashing adaptive immune responses against cancer. CD47, a cell surface molecule overexpressed by several cancer types that facilitates immune escape from macrophages, dendritic cells and natural killer cells, and its ligand SIRPα, have emerged as potential therapeutic targets. A number of agents directed to CD47/SIRPα have been developed and demonstrated preclinical activity. Early phase clinical trials are investigating CD47/SIRPα directed agents with available data, suggesting safety and preliminary activity. Herein, we provide an overview of the mechanistic rationale of targeting CD47/SIRPα axis and associated clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Dizman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Elizabeth I. Buchbinder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence:
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32
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Scavenger receptor MARCO contributes to macrophage phagocytosis and clearance of tumor cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112862. [PMID: 34626585 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) is a member of the class A scavenger receptor family which is expressed on the cell surface of macrophages. It is well known that MARCO avidly binds to unopsonized pathogens, leading to its ingestion by macrophages. However, the role of MARCO in the recognition and phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages remains poorly understood. In this study, we used lentiviral technology to knockdown and overexpress MARCO and investigated the ability of macrophages to phagocytose tumor cells. Our results showed that MARCO expression was correlated with the ability of macrophages to carry on phagocytosis. MARCO knockdown led to significant decreases in the number of engulfment pseudopodia of macrophages and inhibition of the phagocytosis of tumor cells. On the other hand, MARCO overexpression elevated activity of SYK, PI3K and Rac1 in macrophages, which led to changes in macrophage morphology and enhanced phagocytosis by promoting formation of stress fibers and pseudopodia. By Co-IP analysis we showed that MARCO directly binds to the β5 integrin of SL4 tumor cells. In summary, these results demonstrated the important role for MARCO in demonstrated tumor cells uptake and clearance by macrophages.
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Jiang Z, Sun H, Yu J, Tian W, Song Y. Targeting CD47 for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:180. [PMID: 34717705 PMCID: PMC8557524 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made in targeting CD47 for cancer immunotherapy in solid tumors (ST) and hematological malignancies. We summarized the CD47-related clinical research and analyzed the research trend both in the USA and in China. As of August 28, 2021, there are a total 23 related therapeutic agents with 46 clinical trials in the NCT registry platform. Among these trials, 29 are in ST, 14 in hematological malignancies and 3 in both solid tumor and hematological malignancy. The ST include gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma, while the hematological malignancies include non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma and chronic myeloid leukemia. Majority of the CD47-related clinical trials are at the early phases, such as 31 at phase I, 14 at phase II and 1 at phase III in the USA and 9, 6, 1, in China, respectively. The targets and spectrums of mechanism of action include 26 with mono-specific and 20 with bi-specific targets in the USA and 13 with mono-specific and 3 with bi-specific targets in China. The new generation CD47 antibodies have demonstrated promising results, and it is highly hopeful that some candidate agents will emerge and make into clinical application to meet the urgent needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Radiation Therapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652252. [PMID: 34630377 PMCID: PMC8494786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic affecting almost 204 million people and causing more than 4.3 million deaths as of August 11 2021. This pandemic has placed a substantial burden on the global healthcare system and the global economy. Availability of novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are crucially needed to prevent development of severe disease leading to major complications both acutely and chronically. The success in fighting this virus results from three main achievements: (a) Direct killing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (b) Development of a specific vaccine, and (c) Enhancement of the host's immune system. A fundamental necessity to win the battle against the virus involves a better understanding of the host's innate and adaptive immune response to the virus. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is directly involved in the generation of a vaccine, the role of innate immunity on RNA viruses in general, and coronaviruses in particular, is mostly unknown. In this review, we will consider the structure of RNA viruses, mainly coronaviruses, and their capacity to affect the lungs and the cardiovascular system. We will also consider the effects of the pattern recognition protein (PRP) trident composed by (a) Surfactant proteins A and D, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement component 1q (C1q), (b) C-reactive protein, and (c) Innate and adaptive IgM antibodies, upon clearance of viral particles and apoptotic cells in lungs and atherosclerotic lesions. We emphasize on the role of pattern recognition protein immune therapies as a combination treatment to prevent development of severe respiratory syndrome and to reduce pulmonary and cardiovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and summarize the need of a combined therapeutic approach that takes into account all aspects of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease to allow mankind to beat this pandemic killer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
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Abstract
The thrombospondin family comprises of five multifunctional glycoproteins, whose best-studied member is thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). This matricellular protein is a potent antiangiogenic agent that inhibits endothelial migration and proliferation, and induces endothelial apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated a regulatory role of TSP1 in cell migration and in activation of the latent transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). These functions of TSP1 translate into its broad modulation of immune processes. Further, imbalances in immune regulation have been increasingly linked to pathological conditions such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. While most studies in the past have focused on the role of TSP1 in cancer and inflammation, recently published data have revealed new insights about the role of TSP1 in physiological and metabolic disorders. Here, we highlight recent findings that associate TSP1 and its receptors to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. TSP1 regulates nitric oxide, activates latent TGFβ1, and interacts with receptors CD36 and CD47, to play an important role in cell metabolism. Thus, TSP1 and its major receptors may be considered a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Gutierrez
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes Barre, PA, United States
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