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Paravati MR, Procopio AC, Milanović M, Scarlata GGM, Milošević N, Ružić M, Milić N, Abenavoli L. Onion Polyphenols as Multi-Target-Directed Ligands in MASLD: A Preliminary Molecular Docking Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1226. [PMID: 38674916 PMCID: PMC11054911 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle associated with unregulated diets rich in high-calorie foods have contributed to the great prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) latterly, with up to 60% in the high-risk population and 25% in the general population. The absence of specific pharmacological strategies for this syndrome represents one of the major problems in the management of MASLD patients. Lifestyle interventions and adherence to a healthy diet are the main cornerstones of current therapies. The identification of nutraceuticals useful in the treatment of MASLD appears to be one of the most promising strategies for the development of new effective and safe treatments for this disease. The onion, one of the most widely studied foods in the field of nutraceuticals, serves as an inexhaustible reservoir of potent compounds with various beneficial effects. The following preliminary study analyzes, mediating in silico studies, the iteration of a library of typical onion compounds with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, liver receptors X α and β, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ. In this study, for the first time promising smart molecules from the onion that could have a beneficial action in MASLD patients were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Paravati
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.P.); (A.C.P.); (G.G.M.S.)
| | - Anna Caterina Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.P.); (A.C.P.); (G.G.M.S.)
| | - Maja Milanović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (N.M.); (N.M.)
| | | | - Nataša Milošević
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (N.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Maja Ružić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Milić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (N.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.P.); (A.C.P.); (G.G.M.S.)
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Swain SK, Dash UC, Kanhar S, Sahoo AK. Network pharmacology-based elucidation of bioactive compounds and experimental exploration of antidiabetic mechanisms of Hydrolea zeylanica. Cell Signal 2024; 114:110999. [PMID: 38052370 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This investigation systematically explored the underlying antidiabetic mechanism of Hydrolea zeylanica (HZH) by the approach of network pharmacology and experimental validation in restoring glucose homeostasis, and inflammation in high fat diet fed-streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type II diabetes (T2DM) rats. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted on 32 bioactive components of HZH. In silico ADME prediction, and physicochemical analysis of 32 compounds were used to assess their drug-likeness. Common targets between selected compounds, and T2DM were subjected for GO enrichment. Compound-target-pathway network was predicted with selected compounds and targets. HZH (300 and 400 mg/kg) were considered for GLUTs expression, and inflammation cytokines in T2DM rats. Network pharmacology showed the core relationship between 13 selected compounds, and 194 key target genes in insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, insulin signaling pathways in T2DM. AKT1, AKT2, GSK3B, IL6, INSR, MAPK8, PPARA, GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT4 were observed as the key targets in PPI network. HZH-400 significantly restored glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory markers in T2DM rats. It altered GLUT2, GLUT4 expression in liver, and skeletal muscle to normal. Bioactive compounds of HZH were found to control blood sugar level by modulating insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, insulin signaling pathways, and glucose homeostasis, which in turn improved glucose uptake, insulin production in diabetes as shown in network pharmacology and glucose transporter expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Swain
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest, Environment & Climate Change Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar 751015, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Dash
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest, Environment & Climate Change Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar 751015, India
| | - Satish Kanhar
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest, Environment & Climate Change Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar 751015, India
| | - Atish Kumar Sahoo
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest, Environment & Climate Change Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar 751015, India.
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Permatasari HK, Permatasari QI, Taslim NA, Subali D, Kurniawan R, Surya R, Qhabibi FR, Tanner MJ, Batubara SC, Mayulu N, Gunawan WB, Syauki AY, Salindeho N, Park MN, Lele JAJMN, Tjandrawinata RR, Kim B, Nurkolis F. Revealing Edible Bird Nest as Novel Functional Foods in Combating Metabolic Syndrome: Comprehensive In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:3886. [PMID: 37764670 PMCID: PMC10535673 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction, which includes intra-abdominal adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, manifests into metabolic syndrome and related diseases. Therefore, the discovery of new therapies in the fight against metabolic syndrome is very challenging. This study aims to reveal the existence of an edible bird nest (EBN) as a functional food candidate that may be a new alternative in fighting metabolic syndrome. The study included three approaches: in silico molecular docking simulation, in vitro, and in vivo in rats fed on cholesterol- and fat-enriched diets. Four terpenoids of Bakuchiol, Curculigosaponin A, Dehydrolindestrenolide, and 1-methyl-3-(1-methyl-ethyl)-benzene in EBN have been identified through LCMS/MS-QTOF. In molecular docking simulations, Bakuchiol and Dehydrolindestrenolide are considered very potent because they have higher inhibitory power on the four receptors (iNOS, ROS1 kinase, FTO, and lipase) than standard drugs. In vitro tests also provide insight into the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities of EBN, which is quite feasible due to the smaller EC50 value of EBN compared to standard drugs. Interestingly, in vivo studies also showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in the lipid profile, blood glucose, enzymatic levels, and inflammatory biomarkers in rats given high-dose dietary supplementation of EBN. More interestingly, high-dose dietary supplementation of EBN upregulates PGC-1α and downregulates HMG-CoA reductase. Comprehensively, it has been revealed that EBN can be novel functional foods for combating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happy Kurnia Permatasari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Queen Intan Permatasari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Dionysius Subali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Rudy Kurniawan
- Diabetes Connection Care, Eka Hospital Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang 15321, Indonesia
| | - Reggie Surya
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
| | - Faqrizal Ria Qhabibi
- Medical School Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Melvin Junior Tanner
- Nutrition Coaching Development, PT. Prima Sehat Makmur Utama, Jakarta 12430, Indonesia
| | | | - Nelly Mayulu
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Muhammadiyah Manado University, Manado 95249, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Andi Yasmin Syauki
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Netty Salindeho
- Fishery Products Technology Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea (B.K.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea (B.K.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
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Khouya T, Ramchoun M, Elbouny H, Hmidani A, Bouhlali EDT, Alem C. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb) Lindl.): Evaluation of nutritional value, polyphenol composition, antidiabetic effect, and toxicity of leaf aqueous extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115473. [PMID: 35718052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) is an evergreen tree native to China, which is introduced in many Mediterranean countries. As in many ancient medical systems, loquat leaves have been used in Moroccan traditional medicine to treat diabetes and its complications. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to determine the nutritional and polyphenol composition and to evaluate the in vivo antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic properties and oral toxicity of a leaf aqueous extract (LLE) derived from loquat grown in Morocco. MATERIALS AND METHODS Energy value and fiber, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, total carbohydrate, sugar, lipid, and protein contents were determined according to international methods committee guidelines. Polyphenol profiling was carried out using the HPLC-DAD method. Mice fed a high-fat and high-glucose (HFG) diet for 10 weeks were used as a model to assess the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of a daily administration of LLE at three different doses (150, 200, 250 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day), in comparison with metformin (50 mg/kg BW/day) and pravastatin (20 mg/kg BW/day). The oral toxicity was determined following OECD 425 Guideline. RESULTS Loquat leaves were found to be rich in fiber, minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and sodium), and vitamins (B2, B6, and B12) and lower in energy, sugar, and fat. Ten different phenolic compounds were characterized. Naringenin, procyanidin C1, epicatechin, and rutin were the more abundant compounds in LLE. The administration of the LLE dose-dependently ameliorated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia in HFG diet-fed mice. The median lethal dose of LLE was higher than 5000 mg/kg BW. CONCLUSIONS Loquat leaves are a potential source of micronutrients and polyphenols with beneficial effects on diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Khouya
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
| | - Mhamed Ramchoun
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco; Laboratory of Biotechnology & Sustainable Development of Natural Resources, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Beni Mellal, 23000, Morocco.
| | - Hamza Elbouny
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
| | - Abdelbassat Hmidani
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
| | - Eimad Dine Tariq Bouhlali
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco; National Institute of Agronomic Research Regional Center, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
| | - Chakib Alem
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
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Lee CJ, Sung JH, Kang TS, Park S, Lee SH, Kim JY, Kim BK. Effects of high-intensity statin combined with telmisartan versus amlodipine on glucose metabolism in hypertensive atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients with impaired fasting glucose: A randomized multicenter trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30496. [PMID: 36086748 PMCID: PMC10980368 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is lacking evidence that telmisartan can improve insulin resistance in patients on high-intensity statins. This study compared the effects of telmisartan and amlodipine on glucose metabolism in hypertensive atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) requiring high-intensity rosuvastatin therapy. METHODS Ninety-nine patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups [telmisartan-statin group (n=48) and amlodipine-statin group (n=51)] as add-on therapy to high-intensity rosuvastatin therapy (20 mg). The primary endpoint was to assess insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) value at week 24. The secondary endpoint was the change in glucose metabolism indices from baseline to week 24. RESULTS The HOMA-IR at week 24 (2.4 [interquartile range, 1.8-3.8] versus 2.7 [1.7-3.7]; P = .809) and changes in the HOMA-IR from baseline to week 24 (-7.0 [-29.0 to 21.0] versus -5.5 [-53.3 to 27.3]; P = .539) were not significantly different between 2 groups. However, the fasting glucose level at week 24 was significantly lower in the telmisartan-statin group than in the amlodipine-statin group (107.7 ± 13.4 mg/dL versus 113.3 ± 12.4 mg/dL; P = .039) and significantly decreased in the telmisartan-statin group (-3.2 ± 8.6% versus 3.8 ± 13.2%; P = .003). The proportion of patients with fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL (71.1% versus 89.6%; P = .047) or new-onset diabetes mellitus (12.5% versus 31.4%, P = .044) at week 24 was also significantly lower in the telmisartan-statin group than in the amlodipine-statin group. CONCLUSION In comparison to amlodipine, telmisartan did not decrease the HOMA-IR. However, telmisartan preserved insulin secretion, led to a regression from IFG to euglycemia and prevented new-onset diabetes mellitus in ASCVD patients with IFG requiring high-intensity statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Joo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Sung
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Soo Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Youn Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Kuek Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abu Bakar Sajak A, Azlan A, Abas F, Hamzah H. The Changes in Endogenous Metabolites in Hyperlipidemic Rats Treated with Herbal Mixture Containing Lemon, Apple Cider, Garlic, Ginger, and Honey. Nutrients 2021; 13:3573. [PMID: 34684574 PMCID: PMC8539352 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An herbal mixture composed of lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey as a polyphenol-rich mixture (PRM) has been reported to contain hypolipidemic activity on human subjects and hyperlipidemic rats. However, the therapeutic effects of PRM on metabolites are not clearly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to provide new information on the causal impact of PRM on the endogenous metabolites, pathways and serum biochemistry. Serum samples of hyperlipidemic rats treated with PRM were subjected to biochemistry (lipid and liver profile) and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA enzyme reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) analyses. In contrast, the urine samples were subjected to urine metabolomics using 1H NMR. The serum biochemistry revealed that PRM at 500 mg/kg (PRM-H) managed to lower the total cholesterol level and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) (p < 0.05) and reduce the HMG-CoA reductase activity. The pathway analysis from urine metabolomics reveals that PRM-H altered 17 pathways, with the TCA cycle having the highest impact (0.26). Results also showed the relationship between the serum biochemistry of LDL-C and HMG-CoA reductase and urine metabolites (trimethylamine-N-oxide, dimethylglycine, allantoin and succinate). The study's findings demonstrated the potential of PRM at 500 mg/kg as an anti-hyperlipidemic by altering the TCA cycle, inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and lowering the LDL-C in high cholesterol rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azliana Abu Bakar Sajak
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Research Centre for Excellence for Nutrition and Non-Communicable Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Kayode OT, Rotimi D, Okoh E, Iyobhebhe M, Kayode AAA, Ojo OA. Novel ketogenic diet formulation improves sucrose-induced insulin resistance in canton strain Drosophila melanogaster. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13907. [PMID: 34409649 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the antidiabetic effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on sucrose-induced insulin resistance in the fruit fly model. The fruit flies were divided and grouped into four: Group A, B, C, and D, representing the control, high-sucrose diet (HSD), KD, and HSD + KD, respectively. The administration of the various treatments to the groups proceeded for 7 days. The flies were thereafter immobilized, homogenized, and the homogenates used for biochemical parameters determination. This includes glucose concentration, antioxidant status, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and protein concentration. There was a significant increase (p < .05) in weight gain, glucose concentration, TG, HMG-CoA reductase activity, TC, and lipid peroxidation status of the HSD group compared with the control and KD groups. The antioxidant enzymes measured (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) and protein concentrations were repressed significantly (p < .05) in the HD groups but significantly elevated (p < .05) in the KD, HSD + KD, and the control groups. The KD improved biochemical parameters altered during the onset of sucrose-induced insulin resistance. With further research on this, KD may emerge as the much-awaited treatment option for diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) with almost reduced toxicity concerns. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Novel KD are sources of dietary phytocompounds with proven antioxidant activities. The antidiabetic activity of the KD was investigated. The results showed that the KD proves to serve as a better effective antidiabetic option in Drosophila melanogaster. The observed results could provide the potential application of the KD as an alternative therapy for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omowumi T Kayode
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayercity, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Rotimi
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Okoh
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Iyobhebhe
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Abolanle A A Kayode
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
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Jia W, Bai T, Zeng J, Niu Z, Fan D, Xu X, Luo M, Wang P, Zou Q, Dai X. Combined Administration of Metformin and Atorvastatin Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634900. [PMID: 33718370 PMCID: PMC7945946 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, may eventually leads to irreversible heart failure. Metformin is the cornerstone of diabetes therapy, especially for type 2 diabetes. Statins are widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the combined administration of metformin and atorvastatin could achieve superior protective effects on DCM and to elucidate its molecular mechanism. Here, db/db mice (9–10 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups, including sterile water group (DM), metformin group (MET, 200 mg/kg/day), atorvastatin group (AVS, 10 mg/kg/day), and combination therapy group (MET + AVS). Mice were treated with different drugs via gavage once per day for 3 months. After 3 months of treatment, the pathological changes (inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and oxidative stress makers) were detected by histopathological techniques, as well as Western blotting. The H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with palmitate (PAL) to mimic diabetic condition. The cells were divided into control group, PAL treatment group, MET + PAL treatment group, AVS + PAL treatment group, and MET + AVS + PAL treatment group. The effects of MET and AVS on the cell viability and inflammation of H9C2 cells subjected to PAL condition were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting. Both MET and AVS prevented diabetes-induced fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation. The combination therapy showed superior effects in protecting myocardial tissue against diabetes-induced injury. Mechanistically, the combination therapy significantly inhibited oxidative stress and the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins, e.g., NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and P-p65/p65, in both cardiac tissues and H9C2 cells. TUNEL assay showed that the combination therapy significantly attenuated the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes; decreased the expression level of pro-apoptotic-related proteins, such as cleaved caspase-3 and BAX; and enhanced the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Furthermore, the combination therapy remarkably upregulated the expression levels of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1. Our findings indicated that the anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects of the combination therapy may be related to activation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijing Niu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Daogui Fan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Luo
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingliang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Werida R, Khairat I, Khedr NF. Effect of atorvastatin versus rosuvastatin on inflammatory biomarkers and LV function in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111179. [PMID: 33401219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are potential drugs for decreasing risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. PURPOSE To examine the efficacy of both rosuvastatin (ROSUVA) and atorvastatin (ATORVA) on LV function and markers of inflammation in T2D patients with dyslipidemia. METHODS One hundred-sixty T2D patients were assigned to receive either atorvastatin (ATORVA group, n = 80, 40 mg) or rosuvastatin (ROSUVA group, n = 80, 10 mg), daily for 6 months. Blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The prevalence of left ventricular abnormalities was determined by echocardiography and two-dimensional Speckle-Strain to assess Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS). RESULTS ROSUVA vs. ATORVA resulted in significant (p < 0.001) reduction in HbA1c % (9.13 vs 2.35%), LDL-C (22.23% vs. 14.75%), triglycerides (13.56 % vs. 8.21 %), total cholesterol (16.10 % vs. 10.81 %), atherogenic index (18.08. % vs. 10.97%), hs-CRP (23.51 % vs.18.96%), sortilin (33.33 % % vs. 15.08 %), and leptin (31.81 % vs. 23.17 %) but increased adiponectin (97.99 % vs.76.47.1 %) and HDL-C (76.47 % vs. 0.21 %) compared with baseline, respectively. Negative correlations between adiponectin and each of hs-CRP, HbA1c%, total cholesterol, LDL-C, atherogenic index and leptin were found. Also, left ventricular functions were correlated with adiponectin, lipids, HbA1c% and hs-CRP. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) showed that hs-CRP, leptin, sortlin, leptin, and adiponectin were good predictors for cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION ROSUVA is more efficacious in improving lipid profile, atherogenic index and modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in dyslipidemic T2D patients compared with ATROVA. However, both statins are equivalent as cardioprotective agents in dyslipidemic T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Werida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Damanhur University, El- Bahiara, Egypt.
| | - Ibtsam Khairat
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Tanta University, El-Gharbia, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa F Khedr
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Tanta University, El-Gharbia, Egypt.
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Lee HY, Han KH, Chung WB, Her SH, Park TH, Rha SW, Choi SY, Jung KT, Park JS, Kim PJ, Lee JM, Jeong MH, Shin ES, Gwon HC, Han KR, Chae JK, Kim WS, Choi DJ, Hong BK, Choi SW, Chung N. Safety and Efficacy of Pitavastatin in Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose and Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized, Open-labeled, Multicentered, Phase IV Study. Clin Ther 2020; 42:2036-2048. [PMID: 32921501 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the role of high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy in cardiovascular protection has broadened, concerns still exist about new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM), especially in vulnerable patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of high-dose (4 mg/d) and usual dose (2 mg/d) pitavastatin on glucose metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). METHODS In this 12-month study, glucose tolerance and lipid-lowering efficacy of high-dose pitavastatin (4 mg [study group]) was compared with that of usual dose pitavastatin (2 mg [control group]) in patients with hyperlipidemia and IFG. The primary end point was the change of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after 24 weeks of treatment. The secondary end points were as follows: (1) NODM within 1 year after treatment, (2) change of lipid parameters, (3) changes of adiponectin, and (4) change of blood glucose and insulin levels. FINDINGS Of the total 417 patients screened, 313 patients with hypercholesterolemia and IFG were randomly assigned into groups. The mean (SD) change in HbA1c was 0.06% (0.20%) in the study group and 0.03% (0.22%) in the control group (P = 0.27). Within 1 year, 27 patients (12.3%) developed NODM, including 12 (10.6%) of 113 patients in the study group and 15 (14.2%) of 106 in the control group (P = 0.43). The study group had a significantly higher reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-C levels and a higher increase in apolipoprotein A1/apolipoprotein B ratio (0.68 [0.40] vs 0.51 [0.35], P < 0.01). IMPLICATIONS The high-dose pitavastatin therapy did not aggravate glucose metabolism compared with the usual dose therapy. Moreover, it had a better effect on cholesterol-lowering and apolipoprotein distribution in the patients with hyperlipidemia and IFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Young Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Sung-Ho Her
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Park
- Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Pum-Joon Kim
- St. Mary's Hospital Eunpyeong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- St. Mary's Hospital Uijeongbu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Jeong
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | | | - Kyoo-Rok Han
- Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Gangdong-gu, South Korea
| | - Jei-Keon Chae
- Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Woo-Shik Kim
- Kyung Hee University Hospital, Gangdong, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Si-Wan Choi
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Namsik Chung
- Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lin Y, Ren N, Li S, Chen M, Pu P. Novel anti-obesity effect of scutellarein and potential underlying mechanism of actions. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109042. [PMID: 31228804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Scutellarein (Sc), a natural compound and an active ingredient of Erigeron breviscapus (vant.), shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has the potential for obesity treatment. However, no previous in vivo study has been conducted to assess the role of Sc in obesity. This study investigated the effects of Sc on obesity and associated hyperlipidemia and fatty liver and explores the underlying mechanisms of action in a mouse model. METHODS The study was conducted using a well-established mouse model of obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Anti-obesity effects were assessed using body weight, abdominal circumference, white adipose tissue, adiposity index, and fatty liver index. Lipid lowering and liver protective effects were examined by blood sample analysis. Lipid dystopia deposition was confirmed by liver pathological sections. The signaling pathways of lipid metabolism and cytokine/inflammatory mediator were evaluated using Real-Time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Central obesity, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis were developed in mice fed with HFD. Administration of Sc at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 weeks effectively attenuated all obesity indicators tested. Further studies revealed the antagonistic effect of Sc on hyperlipidemia was a result of the repression of the lipid synthesis pathway, de novo pathway, HMGCR, promoting fatty acid oxidation (PPARα, CPT-1a) and increased cholesterol output (PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1). The anti-inflammatory effect was attributed to blocking the expression of inflammatory genes, including TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Sc possesses important novel anti-obesity effects accompanying lipid lowering and anti-inflammation-based liver protective effects. These favorable effects are causally associated with the suppression of gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and fine regulation of genes responsible for energy metabolism. Our results advance the understanding of the pharmacological actions of Sc, and provides a role for Sc in effective management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Nina Ren
- Guangdong Online Hospital, Guangdong Second Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, PR China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Peng Pu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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