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Guo X, Chen Y, Huang H, Liu Y, Kong L, Chen L, Lyu H, Gao T, Lai J, Zhang D, Hu S. Serum signature of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, and cytomegalovirus in females with bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:82-90. [PMID: 38844171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Immunity alterations have been observed in bipolar disorder (BD). However, whether serum positivity of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii (T gondii), rubella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) shared clinical relevance with BD, remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate this association. METHODS Antibody seropositivity of IgM and IgG to T gondii, rubella virus, and CMV of females with BD and controls was extracted based on medical records from January 2018 to January 2023. Family history, type of BD, onset age, and psychotic symptom history were also collected. RESULTS 585 individuals with BD and 800 healthy controls were involved. Individuals with BD revealed a lower positive rate of T gondii IgG in the 10-20 aged group (OR = 0.10), and a higher positive rate of rubella IgG in the 10-20 (OR = 5.44) and 20-30 aged group (OR = 3.15). BD with family history preferred a higher positive rate of T gondii IgG (OR = 24.00). Type-I BD owned a decreased positive rate of rubella IgG (OR = 0.37) and an elevated positive rate of CMV IgG (OR = 2.12) compared to type-II BD, while BD with early onset showed contrast results compared to BD without early onset (Rubella IgG, OR = 2.54; CMV IgG, OR = 0.26). BD with psychotic symptom history displayed a lower positive rate of rubella IgG (OR = 0.50). LIMITATIONS Absence of male evidence and control of socioeconomic status and environmental exposure. CONCLUSIONS Differential antibody seropositive rates of T gondii, rubella, and cytomegalovirus in BD were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Huimin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325800, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Lingzhuo Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Lizichen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Hailong Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | | | - Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry, Hangzhou 310003, China; Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry, Hangzhou 310003, China; Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
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Jiang X, Zai CC, Dimick MK, Kennedy JL, Young LT, Birmaher B, Goldstein BI. Psychiatric Polygenic Risk Scores Across Youth With Bipolar Disorder, Youth at High Risk for Bipolar Disorder, and Controls. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00062-5. [PMID: 38340895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a pronounced gap in knowledge regarding polygenic underpinnings of youth bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to compare polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in youth with BD, youth at high clinical and/or familial risk for BD (HR), and controls. METHOD Participants were 344 youths of European ancestry (13-20 years old), including 136 youths with BD, 121 HR youths, and 87 controls. PRSs for BD, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were constructed using independent genome-wide summary statistics from adult cohorts. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between each PRS and diagnostic status (BD vs HR vs controls). All genetic analyses controlled for age, sex, and 2 genetic principal components. RESULTS The BD group showed significantly higher BD-PRS than the control group (odds ratio = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.13-2.10, p = .006), with the HR group numerically intermediate. BD-PRS explained 7.9% of phenotypic variance. PRSs for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were not significantly different among groups. In the BD group, BD-PRS did not significantly differ in relation to BD subtype, age of onset, psychosis, or family history of BD. CONCLUSION BD-PRS derived from adult genome-wide summary statistics is elevated in youth with BD. Absence of significant between-group differences in PRSs for other psychiatric disorders supports the specificity of BD-PRS in youth. These findings add to the biological validation of BD in youth and could have implications for early identification and diagnosis. To enhance clinical utility, future genome-wide association studies that focus specifically on early-onset BD are warranted, as are studies integrating additional genetic and environmental factors. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Jiang
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Trevor Young
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Scotti-Muzzi E, Chile T, Vallada H, Otaduy MCG, Soeiro-de-Souza MG. Association between CACNA1C gene rs100737 polymorphism and glutamatergic neurometabolites in bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 59:26-35. [PMID: 35544990 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in Ca2+ homeostasis in Bipolar Disorders (BD) have been associated with impairments in glutamatergic receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels. Increased anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamatergic neurometabolites have been consistently disclosed in BD by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CACNA1C gene (rs1006737), which encodes the alpha 1-C subunit of the L-type calcium channel, has been associated with BD and is reported to modulate intra-cellular Ca2+. Thus, this study aimed to explore the association of the CACNA1C genotype with ACC glutamatergic metabolites measured by 1H-MRS in both BD and HC subjects. A total of 194 subjects (121 euthymic BD type I patients and 73 healthy controls (HC) were genotyped for CACNA1C rs1006737, underwent a 3-Tesla 1H-MRS imaging examination and ACC glutamatergic metabolite were assessed. We found overall increased glutamatergic metabolites in AA carriers in BD. Specifically, higher Glx/Cr was observed in subjects with the AA genotype compared to both AG and GG in the overall sample (BD + HC). Also, female individuals in the BD group with AA genotype were found to have higher Glx/Cr compared to those with other genotypes. CACNA1C AA carriers in use of anticonvulsant medication had higher estimated Glutamine (Glx-Glu) than the other genotypes. Thus, this study suggest an association between calcium channel genetics and increased glutamatergic metabolites in BD, possibly playing a synergic role in intracellular Ca2+ overload and excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estêvão Scotti-Muzzi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), Institute of Psychiatry, CEAPESQ, PROGRUDA, School of Medicine, Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos s / n. Clinic Hospital, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil.
| | - Thais Chile
- Genetics and Pharmacogenetics Unit (PROGENE), Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (IPq-FMUSP), Brazil
| | - Homero Vallada
- Genetics and Pharmacogenetics Unit (PROGENE), Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (IPq-FMUSP), Brazil
| | - Maria Concepción Garcia Otaduy
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance LIM44, Department and Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo (InRad-FMUSP), Brazil
| | - Márcio Gerhardt Soeiro-de-Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), Institute of Psychiatry, CEAPESQ, PROGRUDA, School of Medicine, Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos s / n. Clinic Hospital, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
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Lei W, Xiao Q, Wang C, Gao W, Xiao Y, Dai Y, Lu G, Su L, Zhong Y. Cell-type-specific genes associated with cortical structural abnormalities in pediatric bipolar disorder. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2022; 2:56-65. [PMID: 38665968 PMCID: PMC11044809 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) has been proven to be related to abnormal brain structural connectivity, but how the abnormalities in PBD correlate with gene expression is debated. Objective This study aims at identification of cell-type-specific gene modules based on cortical structural differences in PBD. Methods Morphometric similarity networks (MSN) were computed as a marker of interareal cortical connectivity based on MRI data from 102 participants (59 patients and 43 controls). Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to calculate MSN differences related to transcriptomic data in AHBA. The biological processes and cortical cell types associated with this gene expression profile were determined by gene enrichment tools. Results MSN analysis results demonstrated differences of cortical structure between individuals diagnosed with PBD and healthy control participants. MSN differences were spatially correlated with the PBD-related weighted genes. The weighted genes were enriched for "trans-synaptic signaling" and "regulation of ion transport", and showed significant specific expression in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Conclusions This study identified the genes that contributed to structural network aberrations in PBD. It was found that transcriptional changes of excitatory and inhibitory neurons might be associated with abnormal brain structural connectivity in PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun Lei
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, China
- Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- The Mental Health Centre of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chun Wang
- The Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- The Children's Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, China
- Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, China
| | - Yingliang Dai
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, China
- Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Linyan Su
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, China
- Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE Development of new thymoleptic medications has primarily centered on anticonvulsants and antipsychotic drugs. Based on our studies of intracellular calcium ion signaling in mood disorders, we were interested in the use of novel medications that act on this mechanism of neuronal activation as potential mood stabilizers. METHOD We reviewed the dynamics of the calcium second messenger system and the international body of data demonstrating increased baseline and stimulated intracellular calcium levels in peripheral cells of patients with bipolar mood disorders. We then examined studies of the effect of established mood stabilizers on intracellular calcium ion levels and on mechanisms of mobilization of this second messenger. After summarizing studies of calcium channel blocking agents, whose primary action is to attenuate hyperactive intracellular calcium signaling, we considered clinical experience with this class of medications and the potential for further research. FINDINGS Established mood stabilizers normalize increased intracellular calcium ion levels in bipolar disorder patients. Most case series and controlled studies suggest an antimanic and possibly mood stabilizing effect of the calcium channel blocking medications verapamil and nimodipine, with fewer data on isradipine. A relatively low risk of teratogenicity and lack of cognitive adverse effects or weight gain suggest possible applications in pregnancy and in patients for whom these are considerations. IMPLICATIONS Medications that antagonize hyperactive intracellular signaling warrant more interest than they have received in psychiatry. Further experience will clarify the applications of these medications alone and in combination with more established mood stabilizers.
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Cazes J, Dimick MK, Kennedy KG, Fiksenbaum L, Zai CC, Patel R, Islam AH, Tampakeras M, Freeman N, Kennedy JL, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Structural neuroimaging phenotypes of a novel multi-gene risk score in youth bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 289:135-143. [PMID: 33979723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is among the most heritable psychiatric disorders, particularly in early-onset cases, owing to multiple genes of small effect. Here we examine a multi-gene risk score (MGRS), to address the gap in multi-gene research in early-onset BD. METHODS MGRS was derived from 34 genetic variants relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases and related systemic processes. Multiple MGRS were calculated across a spectrum of inclusion p-value thresholds, based on allelic associations with BD. Youth participants (123 BD, 103 healthy control [HC]) of European descent were included, of which 101 participants (58 BD, 43 HC) underwent MRI T1-weighted structural neuroimaging. Hierarchical regressions examined for main effects and MGRS-by-diagnosis interaction effects on 6 regions-of-interest (ROIs). Vertex-wise analysis also examined MGRS-by-diagnosis interactions. RESULTS MGRS based on allelic association p≤0.60 was most robust, explaining 6.8% of variance (t(226)=3.46, p=.001). There was an MGRS-by-diagnosis interaction effect on ventrolateral prefrontal cortex surface area (vlPFC; β=.21, p=.0007). Higher MGRS was associated with larger vlPFC surface area in BD vs. HC. There were 8 significant clusters in vertex-wise analyses, primarily in fronto-temporal regions, including vlPFC. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design, modest sample size. CONCLUSIONS There was a diagnosis-by-MGRS interaction effect on vlPFC surface area, a region involved in emotional processing, emotional regulation, and reward response. Vertex-wise analysis also identified several clusters overlapping this region. This preliminary study provides an example of an approach to imaging-genetics that is intermediate between candidate gene and genome-wide association studies, enriched for genetic variants with established relevance to neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Fiksenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section and Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alvi H Islam
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Tampakeras
- Neurogenetics Section and Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Freeman
- Neurogenetics Section and Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurogenetics Section and Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yegin Z, Sarisoy G, Erguner Aral A, Koc H. For whom the circadian clock ticks? Investigation of PERIOD and CLOCK gene variants in bipolar disorder. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1109-1119. [PMID: 34112033 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1917594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Clock genes play significant roles in the regulation of circadian rhythms, which are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of five gene polymorphisms (PER3 VNTR (rs57875989), PER2 rs2304672, CLOCK rs1801260, CLOCK rs10462028, CLOCK rs11932595) with PCR-based methods as potential risk factors in bipolar disorder (BD). We used a multiple testing methodology in BD patients (n = 121) and healthy control individuals (n = 121) of Turkish descent to analyze the effects of these gene variants both as risk factors for the disorder and for the evaluation of these variants in the patient group with multiple subscales. We evaluated the circadian rhythm disturbances and seasonal variations in mood and behavior in BD patients using the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) and Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) to enlighten the possible links between these scores and the studied circadian gene variants. The results of our study revealed significant associations: PER3 VNTR (rs57875989) 5/5 repeat genotype displayed a protective effect against BD when compared with 4/4 repeat genotype. Moreover, patients with PER3 VNTR 5/5 repeat genotype displayed a higher ratio of hypomania. PER2 rs2304672 G allele frequency increased the risk for BD. There was no association in terms of genotype/allele frequency comparisons between patients and controls for CLOCK gene variants. However, significant associations were found in patients in terms of clinical and behavioral patterns such as mean age at disease onset and BRIAN total scores enabling some risk stratifications for patients. Our results indicate the significance of circadian gene variants in BD, which need to be confirmed in different studies with larger samples. Thus, the possible endophenotypes of BD can be enlightened and advanced chronotherapeutics approaches can be manipulated in the future for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Yegin
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Sarisoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayse Erguner Aral
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Haydar Koc
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
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Post RM, Altshuler LL, Kupka R, McElroy SL, Frye MA, Grunze H, Suppes T, Keck PE, Nolen WA. 25 Years of the International Bipolar Collaborative Network (BCN). Int J Bipolar Disord 2021; 9:13. [PMID: 33811284 PMCID: PMC8019011 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-020-00218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network (SFBN) recruited more than 900 outpatients from 1995 to 2002 from 4 sites in the United States (US) and 3 in the Netherlands and Germany (abbreviated as Europe). When funding was discontinued, the international group of investigators continued to work together as the Bipolar Collaborative Network (BCN), publishing so far 87 peer-reviewed manuscripts. On the 25th year anniversary of its founding, publication of a brief summary of some of the major findings appeared appropriate. Important insights into the course and treatment of adult outpatients with bipolar disorder were revealed and some methodological issues and lessons learned will be discussed. RESULTS The illness is recurrent and pernicious and difficult to bring to a long-term remission. Virtually all aspects of the illness were more prevalent in the US compared to Europe. This included vastly more patients with early onset illness and those with more psychosocial adversity in childhood; more genetic vulnerability; more anxiety and substance abuse comorbidity; more episodes and rapid cycling; and more treatment non-responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide a road map for a new round of much needed clinical treatment research studies. They also emphasize the need for the formation of a new network focusing on child and youth onset of mood disorders with a goal to achieve early precision diagnostics for intervention and prevention in attempting to make the course of bipolar illness more benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Post
- Bipolar Collaborative Network, 5415 W Cedar Lane, Ste 201-B, Bethesda, 20814, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
| | - Lori L Altshuler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ralph Kupka
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA
- Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry& Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heinz Grunze
- Psychiatrie Schwäbisch Hall GmbH & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Trisha Suppes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- V.A. Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul E Keck
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA
| | - Willem A Nolen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Teneurins: Role in Cancer and Potential Role as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Targets for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052321. [PMID: 33652578 PMCID: PMC7956758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurins have been identified in vertebrates as four different genes (TENM1-4), coding for membrane proteins that are mainly involved in embryonic and neuronal development. Genetic studies have correlated them with various diseases, including developmental problems, neurological disorders and congenital general anosmia. There is some evidence to suggest their possible involvement in cancer initiation and progression, and drug resistance. Indeed, mutations, chromosomal alterations and the deregulation of teneurins expression have been associated with several tumor types and patient survival. However, the role of teneurins in cancer-related regulatory networks is not fully understood, as both a tumor-suppressor role and pro-tumoral functions have been proposed, depending on tumor histotype. Here, we summarize and discuss the literature data on teneurins expression and their potential role in different tumor types, while highlighting the possibility of using teneurins as novel molecular diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as targets for cancer treatments, such as immunotherapy, in some tumors.
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Carbone EA, de Filippis R, Caroleo M, Calabrò G, Staltari FA, Destefano L, Gaetano R, Steardo L, De Fazio P. Antisocial Personality Disorder in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2021; 57:medicina57020183. [PMID: 33672619 PMCID: PMC7924170 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that worsens quality of life and functional impairment. Personality disorders (PDs), in particular Cluster B personality, have a high incidence among BD patients and is considered a poor prognostic factor. The study of this co-morbidity represents an important clinical and diagnostic challenge in psychiatry. Particularly, clinical overlap has been shown between antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and BD that could worsen the course of both disorders. We aimed to detect the frequency of ASPD in bipolar patients with greater accuracy and the impact of ASPD on the clinical course of BD. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library through December 2020 without language or time restriction, according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Results: Initially, 3203 items were identified. After duplicates or irrelevant paper deletion, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. ASPD was more frequent among BD patients, especially in BD type I. BD patients with ASPD as a comorbidity seemed to have early onset, higher number and more severe affective episodes, higher levels of aggressive and impulsive behaviors, suicidality and poor clinical outcome. ASPD symptoms in BD seem to be associated with a frequent comorbidity with addictive disorders (cocaine and alcohol) and criminal behaviors, probably due to a shared impulsivity core feature. Conclusions: Considering the shared symptoms such as impulsive and dangerous behaviors, in patients with only one disease, misdiagnosis is a common phenomenon due to the overlapping symptoms of ASPD and BD. It may be useful to recognize the co-occurrence of the disorders and better characterize the patient with ASPD and BD evaluating all dysfunctional aspects and their influence on core symptoms.
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11
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Soler J, Lera-Miguel S, Lázaro L, Calvo R, Ferentinos P, Fañanás L, Fatjó-Vilas M. Familial aggregation analysis of cognitive performance in early-onset bipolar disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1705-1716. [PMID: 32052174 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the familial aggregation (familiality) of cognitive dimensions and explored their role as liability markers for early-onset bipolar disorder (EOBD). The sample comprised 99 subjects from 26 families, each with an offspring diagnosed with EOBD. Four cognitive dimensions were assessed: reasoning skills; attention and working memory; memory; and executive functions. Their familiality was investigated in the total sample and in a subset of healthy relatives. The intra-family resemblance score (IRS), a family-based index of the similarity of cognitive performance among family members, was calculated. Familiality was detected for the attention and working memory (AW) dimension in the total sample (ICC = 0.37, p = 0.0004) and in the subsample of healthy relatives (ICC = 0.37, p = 0.016). The IRS reflected that there are families with similar AW mean scores (either high or low) and families with heterogeneous scores. Families with the most common background for the AW dimension (IRS > 0) were selected and dichotomized in two groups according to the mean family AW score. This allowed differentiating families whose members had similar high scores than those with similar low scores: both patients (t = - 4.82, p = 0.0005) and relatives (t = - 5.04, p < 0.0001) of the two groups differed in their AW scores. AW dimension showed familial aggregation, suggesting its putative role as a familial vulnerability marker for EOBD. The IRS estimation allowed the identification of families with homogeneous scores for this dimension. This represents a first step towards the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of AW dimension and the identification of etiological subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Soler
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Lera-Miguel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Proof-of-concept study of a multi-gene risk score in adolescent bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 262:211-222. [PMID: 31727397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined multiple genetic variants concurrently for the purpose of classifying bipolar disorder (BD); the literature among youth is particularly sparse. We selected 35 genetic variants, previously implicated in BD or associated characteristics, from which to identify the most robustly predictive group of genes. METHODS 215 Caucasian adolescents (114 BD and 101 healthy controls (HC), ages 13-20 years) were included. Psychiatric diagnoses were determined based on semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva for genotyping. Two models were used to calculate a multi-gene risk score (MGRS). Model 1 used forward and backward regressions, and model 2 used a PLINK generated method. RESULTS In model 1, GPX3 rs3792797 was significant in the forward regression, DRD4 exonIII was significant in the backward regression; IL1β rs16944 and DISC1 rs821577 were significant in both the forward and backward regressions. These variants are involved in dopamine neurotransmission; inflammation and oxidative stress; and neuronal development. Model 1 MGRS did not significantly discriminate between BD and HC. In model 2, ZNF804A rs1344706 was significantly associated with BD; however, this association did not predict diagnosis when entered into the weighted model. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by the number of genetic variants examined and the modest sample size. CONCLUSIONS Whereas regression approaches identified four genetic variants that significantly discriminated between BD and HC, those same variants no longer discriminated between BD and HC when computed as a MGRS. Future larger studies are needed evaluating intermediate phenotypes such as neuroimaging and blood-based biomarkers.
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13
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Del Toro D, Carrasquero-Ordaz MA, Chu A, Ruff T, Shahin M, Jackson VA, Chavent M, Berbeira-Santana M, Seyit-Bremer G, Brignani S, Kaufmann R, Lowe E, Klein R, Seiradake E. Structural Basis of Teneurin-Latrophilin Interaction in Repulsive Guidance of Migrating Neurons. Cell 2020; 180:323-339.e19. [PMID: 31928845 PMCID: PMC6978801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Teneurins are ancient metazoan cell adhesion receptors that control brain development and neuronal wiring in higher animals. The extracellular C terminus binds the adhesion GPCR Latrophilin, forming a trans-cellular complex with synaptogenic functions. However, Teneurins, Latrophilins, and FLRT proteins are also expressed during murine cortical cell migration at earlier developmental stages. Here, we present crystal structures of Teneurin-Latrophilin complexes that reveal how the lectin and olfactomedin domains of Latrophilin bind across a spiraling beta-barrel domain of Teneurin, the YD shell. We couple structure-based protein engineering to biophysical analysis, cell migration assays, and in utero electroporation experiments to probe the importance of the interaction in cortical neuron migration. We show that binding of Latrophilins to Teneurins and FLRTs directs the migration of neurons using a contact repulsion-dependent mechanism. The effect is observed with cell bodies and small neurites rather than their processes. The results exemplify how a structure-encoded synaptogenic protein complex is also used for repulsive cell guidance. Crystal structures reveal binding site for Latrophilin on the Teneurin YD shell A ternary Latrophilin-Teneurin-FLRT complex forms in vitro and in vivo Latrophilin controls cortical migration by binding to Teneurins and FLRTs Latrophilin elicits repulsion of cortical cell bodies/small neurites but not axons
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Del Toro
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany; Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Amy Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Tobias Ruff
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Meriam Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Verity A Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | | | - Goenuel Seyit-Bremer
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Sara Brignani
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Rainer Kaufmann
- Center for Structural Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22607, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20355, Germany
| | - Edward Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany.
| | - Elena Seiradake
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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14
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Frye MA, Coombes BJ, McElroy SL, Jones-Brando L, Bond DJ, Veldic M, Romo-Nava F, Bobo WV, Singh B, Colby C, Skime MK, Biernacka JM, Yolken R. Association of Cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii Antibody Titers With Bipolar Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:1285-1293. [PMID: 31532468 PMCID: PMC6751798 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Infection-associated immune activation and inflammation are increasingly recognized in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. OBJECTIVE To determine whether antibodies to common infectious agents, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma gondii, and measles, as well as the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein, in serum samples differ between patients with bipolar disorder and control individuals without bipolar disorder. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this case-control study, antibody titers were measured in serum samples from 1207 patients with bipolar disorder and 745 controls that were obtained from biobanks with participating sites in Rochester and Minneapolis, Minnesota (n = 1537), and Cincinnati, Ohio (n = 415), from January 5, 2009, through May 12, 2014. A subset of case patients and controls from Minnesota were matched by age, sex, and educational level. Bipolar type, age at onset, and history of psychosis were assessed for case patients as well as current drug treatment at the time of blood sample obtainment from the biobank. Data were analyzed from February 5, 2018, to January 4, 2019. EXPOSURES The CMV and T gondii antibodies with IgM titers were expressed as z scores and IgG titers dichotomized into seropositive and seronegative based on expected prevalence in the US population and further classified based on the joint CMV-positive/T gondii-negative IgG status, C-reactive protein z score, and drug treatments with antitoxoplasma activity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Patients were stratified by bipolar disorder type I or type II, nonearly (>19 years of age) and early (≤19 years of age) onset, and history of psychosis during mania or no psychosis. RESULTS Of 1207 patients with bipolar disorder (mean [SD] age, 43.2 [15.1] years; 742 [61.5%] female), the CMV-positive/T gondii-negative IgG status was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09-1.62; P = .004) compared with that in the 745 controls (mean [SD] age, 44.5 [15.5] years; 444 [59.6%] female). The CMV-positive/T gondii-negative IgG status was associated with bipolar cases type I (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14-1.75; P = .001), nonearly age at onset (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16-1.72; P = .001), and history of manic psychosis (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13-1.88; P = .004). Patients with bipolar disorder who received drug treatment with antitoxoplasma activity (n = 272) had significantly lower T gondii IgM titers (median, 1.59; interquartile range, 1.30-2.07) compared with those (n = 900) who did not receive this treatment (median, 1.69; interquartile range, 1.35-2.25) (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this sample, increased long-term antibody response to CMV and decreased long-term antibody response to T gondii were associated with bipolar disorder and the subphenotypes of bipolar type I, nonearly disease onset, and manic psychosis. Further work appears to be needed to better understand genetic vs environmental disease risk and infection or immune activation contribution to overall disease pathogenesis with particular reference to disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brandon J. Coombes
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Susan L. McElroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Lindner Center of HOPE, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lori Jones-Brando
- Stanley Laboratory of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David J. Bond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Francisco Romo-Nava
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Lindner Center of HOPE, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William V. Bobo
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Balwinder Singh
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Colin Colby
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michelle K. Skime
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Laboratory of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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15
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Berns DS, DeNardo LA, Pederick DT, Luo L. Teneurin-3 controls topographic circuit assembly in the hippocampus. Nature 2018; 554:328-333. [PMID: 29414938 PMCID: PMC7282895 DOI: 10.1038/nature25463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain functions rely on specific patterns of connectivity. Teneurins are evolutionarily conserved transmembrane proteins that instruct synaptic partner matching in Drosophila and are required for vertebrate visual system development. The roles of vertebrate teneurins in connectivity beyond the visual system remain largely unknown and their mechanisms of action have not been demonstrated. Here we show that mouse teneurin-3 is expressed in multiple topographically interconnected areas of the hippocampal region, including proximal CA1, distal subiculum, and medial entorhinal cortex. Viral-genetic analyses reveal that teneurin-3 is required in both CA1 and subicular neurons for the precise targeting of proximal CA1 axons to distal subiculum. Furthermore, teneurin-3 promotes homophilic adhesion in vitro in a splicing isoform-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate striking genetic heterogeneity across multiple hippocampal areas and suggest that teneurin-3 may orchestrate the assembly of a complex distributed circuit in the mammalian brain via matching expression and homophilic attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic S Berns
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Laura A DeNardo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel T Pederick
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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16
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Gene Genie of Bipolar Disorder, We Have a Few More Wishes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:1006-1007. [PMID: 29173731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Goldstein BI, Birmaher B, Carlson GA, DelBello MP, Findling RL, Fristad M, Kowatch RA, Miklowitz DJ, Nery FG, Perez‐Algorta G, Van Meter A, Zeni CP, Correll CU, Kim H, Wozniak J, Chang KD, Hillegers M, Youngstrom EA. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on pediatric bipolar disorder: Knowledge to date and directions for future research. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:524-543. [PMID: 28944987 PMCID: PMC5716873 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over the past two decades, there has been tremendous growth in research regarding bipolar disorder (BD) among children and adolescents (ie, pediatric BD [PBD]). The primary purpose of this article is to distill the extant literature, dispel myths or exaggerated assertions in the field, and disseminate clinically relevant findings. METHODS An international group of experts completed a selective review of the literature, emphasizing areas of consensus, identifying limitations and gaps in the literature, and highlighting future directions to mitigate these gaps. RESULTS Substantial, and increasingly international, research has accumulated regarding the phenomenology, differential diagnosis, course, treatment, and neurobiology of PBD. Prior division around the role of irritability and of screening tools in diagnosis has largely abated. Gold-standard pharmacologic trials inform treatment of manic/mixed episodes, whereas fewer data address bipolar depression and maintenance/continuation treatment. Adjunctive psychosocial treatment provides a forum for psychoeducation and targets primarily depressive symptoms. Numerous neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies, and increasing peripheral biomarker studies, largely converge with prior findings from adults with BD. CONCLUSIONS As data have accumulated and controversy has dissipated, the field has moved past existential questions about PBD toward defining and pursuing pressing clinical and scientific priorities that remain. The overall body of evidence supports the position that perceptions about marked international (US vs elsewhere) and developmental (pediatric vs adult) differences have been overstated, although additional research on these topics is warranted. Traction toward improved outcomes will be supported by continued emphasis on pathophysiology and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar DisorderSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada,Departments of Psychiatry and PharmacologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Gabrielle A Carlson
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook University School of MedicineStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Robert L Findling
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Mary Fristad
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center/Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUSA
| | - Robert A Kowatch
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center/Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUSA
| | | | - Fabiano G Nery
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | | | - Anna Van Meter
- Ferkauf Graduate School of PsychologyYeshiva UniversityBronxNYUSA
| | | | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside HospitalDepartment of PsychiatryNorthwell HealthGlen OaksNYUSA,Department of Psychiatry and Molecular MedicineHofstra Northwell School of MedicineHempsteadNYUSA
| | - Hyo‐Won Kim
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Janet Wozniak
- Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric PsychopharmacologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Kiki D Chang
- Department of PsychiatryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyErasmus Medical Center‐SophiaRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
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