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Jadhav R, More A, Dutta S, Gajabe G, Shrivastava J, Mehakar S. Improving Semen Quality in a Male Partner With Abnormal Seminal Parameters Through Yoga and Yoga Nidra: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e54095. [PMID: 38487118 PMCID: PMC10938183 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This research presents a case study involving a 39-year-old male and his 34-year-old female partner seeking fertility consultation in Maharashtra, India, after struggling to conceive for over three years. Despite the male participant's lack of discernible medical conditions and typical lifestyle, semen analysis revealed severe oligozoospermia attributed to elevated stress levels from his physically demanding occupation and infertility-related emotional strain. The female partner exhibited normal blood parameters, including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Embracing holistic approaches, the couple integrated yoga and Yoga Nidra into their daily routine to address stress-induced hormonal imbalances. The customized yoga regimen is aimed at stress reduction and overall well-being, incorporating physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. Yoga Nidra, a guided relaxation technique, was employed to induce profound rest and alleviate stress. Over a 12-week period, the male participant diligently adhered to the regimen, reporting heightened relaxation, improved sleep quality, and reduced stress levels. Semen analysis before and after intervention showed significant improvements in sperm count and motility alongside diminished morphological abnormalities. In parallel, the female partner underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI), resulting in a positive beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) analysis. Weekly follow-ups monitored progress, with supplementation administered as needed. While promising, further research with larger sample sizes and controlled trials is warranted to establish definitive efficacy. Overall, yoga and Yoga Nidra offer noninvasive adjuncts to conventional therapies for male infertility, underscoring the importance of integrating holistic practices into comprehensive fertility management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Jadhav
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Akash More
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shilpa Dutta
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Gauri Gajabe
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jarul Shrivastava
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Saurabh Mehakar
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Yadav A, Tiwari P, Dada R. Yoga and Lifestyle Changes: A Path to Improved Fertility - A Narrative Review. Int J Yoga 2024; 17:10-19. [PMID: 38899142 PMCID: PMC11185437 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_211_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility, a widespread medical condition affecting numerous couples globally, persists as a challenge despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), often burdened by financial, physical, and emotional strains. Complementary and alternative approaches, notably yoga, have garnered attention for potentially enhancing fertility outcomes. Studies reveal yoga's influence on factors contributing to infertility, including reduced oxidative stress (OS) and oxidative DNA damage (ODD). OS, linked to mutagenic base formation, higher malondialdehyde levels, abnormal methylation, and altered gene expression, can impair sperm genome integrity. Yoga's efficacy is evident in lowering OS, positively affecting signal transmission, gene expression, and physiological systems. Furthermore, yoga has a positive impact on addressing the dysregulation of apoptosis, resulting in improved processes such as spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, and motility, while also reducing DNA fragmentation. OS correlates with genome-wide hypomethylation, telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to genome instability. Yoga and meditation significantly reduce OS and ODD, ensuring proper reactive oxygen levels and preserving physiological systems. The review explores potential mechanisms underlying yoga's positive impact on infertility, including enhanced blood flow, reduced inflammation, relaxation response, and modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of the literature reveals substantial evidence supporting the positive effects of yoga on infertility factors. These include oxidative stress (OS), oxidative DNA damage (ODD), epigenetic changes, hormonal balance, ovarian function, menstrual irregularities, and stress reduction. In summary, yoga emerges as a promising adjunctive therapy for infertility, demonstrating the potential to mitigate key factors influencing reproductive success. Although preliminary evidence indicates the positive effects of yoga on infertility, further clinical research is imperative to define specific benefits, molecular mechanisms associated, optimal protocols, and long-term effects in infertility treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Yadav
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhakar Tiwari
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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3
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Bhat S, Pandey MK, K U, Gokani N, Rao TSS. A Scoping Review: Is Yoga an Effective Intervention for Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation? Cureus 2024; 16:e53265. [PMID: 38435916 PMCID: PMC10905059 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing concern among both healthcare professionals and the general public about the long-term effectiveness and possible adverse effects of medicines used to treat premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction (ED). There is also a growing recognition of the advantages of incorporating alternative or traditional approaches into healthcare systems. Yoga is gaining popularity globally and has emerged as a viable adjunct and alternative to add value to patient care and prevention of illnesses, which requires further investigation. This scoping review aimed to explore the effects of yoga as an independent or adjunct intervention in treating ED and PE. In this review study, researchers conducted a systematic literature review from 2000 to 2023 as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic databases of Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed were used for literature searches. Studies published in the English language on male individuals with ED and PE and those with comorbid stress, anxiety, and depression were also included. Studies on these sexual dysfunctions, comorbid with HIV/AIDS, and severe psychiatric conditions, i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorders, and substance dependence, except alcohol, were excluded. Ten studies out of the 2016 selected articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The findings of this scoping review revealed that yoga interventions are more effective in managing PE and ED, with a greater emphasis on the former. Yoga is an effective, safe, and affordable approach recommended for managing erectile functions and PE. Men can improve their quality of life and regain confidence in sexual functioning by incorporating yoga into their routines. The study shows the potential benefits of yoga for both conditions, indicating the need for further robust studies in this area. Researchers advocate practising yoga under professional supervision for optimal safety and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Clinical Psychology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, IND
| | - Udayakumar K
- Human Consciousness and Yogic Sciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, IND
| | - Nikunj Gokani
- Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, IND
| | - T S Sathyanarayana Rao
- Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, IND
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Bhattacharya K, Dey R, Sen D, Paul N, Basak AK, Purkait MP, Shukla N, Chaudhuri GR, Bhattacharya A, Maiti R, Adhikary K, Chatterjee P, Karak P, Syamal AK. Polycystic ovary syndrome and its management: In view of oxidative stress. Biomol Concepts 2024; 15:bmc-2022-0038. [PMID: 38242137 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, oxidative stress (OS) has drawn a lot of interest due to the revelation that individuals with many persistent disorders including diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), cardiovascular, and other disorders often have aberrant oxidation statuses. OS has a close interplay with PCOS features such as insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and chronic inflammation; there is a belief that OS might contribute to the development of PCOS. PCOS is currently recognized as not only one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders but also a significant contributor to female infertility, affecting a considerable proportion of women globally. Therefore, the understanding of the relationship between OS and PCOS is crucial to the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for PCOS. Moreover, the mechanistic study of intracellular reactive oxygen species/ reactive nitrogen species formation and its possible interaction with women's reproductive health is required, which includes complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Apart from that, our current review includes possible regulation of the pathogenesis of OS. A change in lifestyle, including physical activity, various supplements that boost antioxidant levels, particularly vitamins, and the usage of medicinal herbs, is thought to be the best way to combat this occurrence of OS and improve the pathophysiologic conditions associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Bhattacharya
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khurda Road, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Debanjana Sen
- Post-Graduate Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, West-Bengal, India
| | - Nimisha Paul
- Department of General Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Asim Kumar Basak
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Barasat, West-Bengal, India
| | | | - Nandini Shukla
- Department of Anatomy, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Gargi Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nopany Institute of Health Care Studies, Kolkata, West-Bengal, India
| | - Aniruddha Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajkumar Maiti
- Department of Physiology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khurda Road, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prity Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Paramedical College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Prithviraj Karak
- Department of Physiology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Alak Kumar Syamal
- Post-Graduate Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, West-Bengal, India
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Deshpande S, Patel KD, Parulkar T, Mahabalesh K, Madhusudhan P, Madhusudhan DK, Thimmapuram J. Effect of Heartfulness meditation based integrative therapy on infertility outcomes: A retrospective case series evaluation. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100793. [PMID: 37797350 PMCID: PMC10562913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Indian context, infertility is often a silent struggle. Despite the high prevalence of infertility in the country, the majority of couples do not share their struggles with family or friends due to social stigma, thus increasing their psychological vulnerability. Heartfulness meditation has shown to decrease stress, anxiety, loneliness and improve sleep along with quality of life. OBJECTIVES The current retrospective series evaluated the effectiveness of Heartfulness-based integrative therapy on infertility outcomes. METHODS The program consisted of a 5- day onsite lifestyle modification workshop and online follow up meditation sessions. RESULTS 54 couples with infertility participated in the program with a mean age of 30.74 years (SD 5.04) for females and 34.03 years (SD 4.54) for males. 15 couples presented with male infertility, 16 couples presented with female infertility and in 5 couples both partners had infertility problems. Further, 18 couples had unexplained infertility. 24 couples conceived with 18 natural conceptions, five via assisted reproductive technology and one spontaneous abortion. CONCLUSION The program was beneficial in the cohort who utilized it as prescribed resulting in conception of 24 out of 54 couples. Future research investigating the causal relationship of Heartfulness meditation on fertility outcomes in a randomized control study could solidify this treatment method to be used independently or as an adjuvant therapy with assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Divya K Madhusudhan
- GCSRT, Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, Harvard Medical School, USA
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Rohilla J, Jilowa CS, Tak P, Hasan S, Upadhyay N. A Comparative Study of Yoga with Paroxetine for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation: A Pilot Study. Int J Yoga 2020; 13:227-232. [PMID: 33343153 PMCID: PMC7735509 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_89_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Premature ejaculation (PME) is a common sexual disorder. Drugs used commonly used for its treatment have various side effects and disadvantages. Yoga is being increasingly studied in a variety of medical disorders with positive results. However, its evidence for patients with PME is very limited. Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of yoga on ejaculation time in patients with PME and to compare it with paroxetine. Settings and Design: This was a nonrandomized nonblinded comparative study in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: Among patients with PME, 40 selected paroxetine and 28 yoga. Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was measured in seconds once before and three times after intervention. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean, standard deviation, paired and unpaired t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: IELT was significantly increased in both groups – paroxetine (from 29.85 ± 11.9 to 82.19 ± 32.9) and yoga (from 25.88 ± 16.1 to 88697 + 26.9). Although the effect of yoga was slightly delayed in onset, its effect size (η2 = 0.87, P < 0.05) was more than paroxetine (η2 = 0.73, P < 0.05). One-fifth of the patients in the paroxetine group (19.5%) and 8% in the yoga group continued to have the problem of PME at the end of the trial. Conclusions: Yoga caused improvement in both intravaginal ejaculation latency time and subjective sexual experience with minimal side effect. Therefore, yoga could be an easily accessible economical nonpharmacological treatment option for the patient with PME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Rohilla
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Pinki Tak
- Department of Medicine, JLN Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shazia Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitendra Upadhyay
- Yoga Trainer, Sri Ram Yoga Kendra, Ambe Bhawan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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7
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Joshi AM, Arkiath Veettil R, Deshpande S. Role of Yoga in the Management of Premature Ejaculation. World J Mens Health 2019; 38:495-505. [PMID: 31496152 PMCID: PMC7502310 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common male sexual problem. Various non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options are available currently. The importance of yoga in the management of various sexual dysfunctions is increasingly recognized. In this review, we are analyzing the role of yoga in the management of PE. This paper explores the mechanism of yoga practices in the management of PE and the recommended yoga practice for PE. It also discusses the scientific evidence of yoga practices, such as yoga postures (yogasana), breathing practices (pranayama), lock (bandha), gestures (mudra), relaxation, Aum chanting, yoga nidra and meditation with particular reference the management of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raveendran Arkiath Veettil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, India.,Department of Internal Medicine, Badr Al Samaa, Barka, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Sanjay Deshpande
- Consultant Sexologist; Sex Education and Counselling Clinic, Nagpur, India
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8
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Bisht S, Chawla B, Tolahunase M, Mishra R, Dada R. Impact of yoga based lifestyle intervention on psychological stress and quality of life in the parents of children with retinoblastoma. Ann Neurosci 2019; 26:66-74. [PMID: 31975776 PMCID: PMC6894619 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.260206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancers are associated with a psychological burden to the parents and hence, decline their mental and physical health and overall quality of life. PURPOSE The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of 12-weeks yoga based lifestyle intervention on psychological stress and quality of life in the parents of children affected with retinoblastoma. METHOD Single arm prospective clinical trial conducted from October 2015 to October 2017 at the Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. A pre-tested 12-weeks yoga based lifestyle intervention included asanas (physical postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), dhyana (meditation), relaxation techniques, lectures and films on yoga, interactive sessions and individualized advice was administered to the participants. RESULTS 12-weeks of yoga based lifestyle intervention programme leads to a significant improvement in psychological stress and overall quality of life in the parents of retinoblastoma patients. There was a significant improvement in all the domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment) of WHOQOL-BREF from baseline (day 0) to 12-weeks of yoga based lifestyle intervention. Yoga based lifestyle intervention also led to a significant increase in the levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, sirtuin 1 and decreased the cortisol and IL-6 levels. CONCLUSION Yoga based lifestyle intervention reduced the severity of psychological stress and resulted in improvement in overall quality of life and upregulation in levels of systemic biomarkers of neuroplasticity. YBLI may serve as a beneficial therapy and may also act as an effective medium for better stress management to develop better coping strategies in the parents of retinoblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bisht
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics,
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New
Delhi, India
| | - Bhavna Chawla
- Ocular Oncology Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for
Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New
Delhi, India
| | - Madhuri Tolahunase
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics,
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New
Delhi, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics,
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New
Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics,
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New
Delhi, India
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9
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Di Blasio A, Tranquilli A, Di Santo S, Marchetti G, Bergamin M, Bullo V, Cugusi L, Tavoletta S, Gallazzi A, Bucci I, Napolitano G. Does the cool-down content affect cortisol and testosterone production after a whole-body workout? A pilot study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Saoji AA, Raghavendra BR, Manjunath NK. Effects of yogic breath regulation: A narrative review of scientific evidence. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 10:50-58. [PMID: 29395894 PMCID: PMC6470305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pranayama or breath regulation is considered as an essential component of Yoga, which is said to influence the physiological systems. We present a comprehensive overview of scientific literature in the field of yogic breathing. We searched PubMed, PubMed Central and IndMed for citations for keywords “Pranayama” and “Yogic Breathing”. The search yielded a total of 1400 references. Experimental papers, case studies and case series in English, revealing the effects of yogic breathing were included in the review. The preponderance of literature points to beneficial effects of yogic breathing techniques in both physiological and clinical setups. Advantageous effects of yogic breathing on the neurocognitive, psychophysiological, respiratory, biochemical and metabolic functions in healthy individuals were elicited. They were also found useful in management of various clinical conditions. Overall, yogic breathing could be considered safe, when practiced under guidance of a trained teacher. Considering the positive effects of yogic breathing, further large scale studies with rigorous designs to understand the mechanisms involved with yogic breathing are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apar Avinash Saoji
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Yoga University), Bangalore, India.
| | - B R Raghavendra
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Yoga University), Bangalore, India
| | - N K Manjunath
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Yoga University), Bangalore, India
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11
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Ratnakumari ME, Manavalan N, Sathyanath D, Ayda YR, Reka K. Study to Evaluate the Changes in Polycystic Ovarian Morphology after Naturopathic and Yogic Interventions. Int J Yoga 2018; 11:139-147. [PMID: 29755223 PMCID: PMC5934949 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_62_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine disorders in women, with a prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 26% in India. Patients with PCOS face challenges including irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, acne, acanthosis nigricans, obesity and infertility. 9.13% of South Indian adolescent girls are estimated to suffer from PCOS. The efficacy of Yoga & Naturopathy (Y&N) in the management of polycystic ovarian syndrome requires to be investigated. Aims: The aim of the present study is to observe the morphological changes in polycystic ovaries of patients following 12 weeks of Y&N intervention. Settings and Design The study was conducted at the Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. The study was a single blinded prospective, pre-post clinical trial. Methods and Material Fifty PCOS patients of age between 18 and 35 years who satisfied the Rotterdam criteria were recruited for the study. According to their immediate participation in the study they were either allocated to the intervention group (n=25) or in the wait listed control group (n=25). The intervention group underwent Y&N therapy for 12 weeks. Change in polycystic ovarian morphology, anthropometric measurements and frequency of menstrual cycle were studied before and after the intervention. Results: Significant improvement was observed in the ovarian morphology (P<0.001) and the anthropometric measurements (P<0.001) between the two groups. Conclusions The findings of the study indicate that Y&N interventions are efficient in bringing about beneficial changes in polycystic ovarian morphology. We speculate that a longer intervention might be required to regulate the frequency of menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ezhil Ratnakumari
- Department of Naturopathy, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India
| | - N Manavalan
- Department of Naturopathy, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India
| | - D Sathyanath
- Department of Naturopathy, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Y Rosy Ayda
- Department of Naturopathy, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India
| | - K Reka
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Yao DF, Mills JN. Male infertility: lifestyle factors and holistic, complementary, and alternative therapies. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:410-8. [PMID: 26952957 PMCID: PMC4854092 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.175779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While we may be comfortable with an allopathic approach to male infertility, we are also responsible for knowledge about lifestyle modifications and holistic, complementary, and alternative therapies that are used by many of our patients. This paper provides an evidence-based review separating fact from fiction for several of these therapies. There is sufficient literature to support weight reduction by diet and exercise, smoking cessation, and alcohol moderation. Supplements that have demonstrated positive effects on male fertility on small randomized controlled trial (RCT) include aescin, coenzyme Q 10 , glutathione, Korean red ginseng, L-carnitine, nigella sativa, omega-3, selenium, a combination of zinc and folate, and the Menevit antioxidant. There is no support for the use of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, or saffron. The data for Chinese herbal medications, acupuncture, mind-body practice, scrotal cooling, and faith-based healing are sparse or inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Yao
- Department of Urology, UCLA, 1260 15 St #1200, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Jesse N Mills
- Department of Urology, UCLA, 1260 15 St #1200, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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13
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Gaskins RB, Jennings EG, Thind H, Fava JL, Horowitz S, Lantini R, Becker BM, Bock BC. Recruitment and initial interest of men in yoga for smoking cessation: QuitStrong, a randomized control pilot study. Transl Behav Med 2015; 5:177-88. [PMID: 26029280 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-014-0295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative treatments like yoga for men's smoking cessation (SC) are lacking. To examine the feasibility and acceptability of yoga for men's SC. We randomly assigned eligible men (smoker, ≥5 cigarettes/day, age 18-65) to receive cognitive behavioral therapy for SC, plus a yoga or wellness program. Measures included feasibility (recruitment, class attendance) and acceptability (customer satisfaction). We enrolled 38 of 49 eligible men of 167 screened in response to ads (mean age 39.9 years, ±13.7) who smoked on average 18.6 cigarettes/day (±8.3). Wellness (75.8 %) versus yoga (56 %) men attended more SC classes, p < 0.01. Sixty percent attended ≥1 yoga class. Men reported greater satisfaction with in-house versus community yoga classes. Wellness appears to be the preferred intervention; results indicated that it may be more feasible and showed increased attendance at smoking classes. To be fully feasible, yoga + SC may need to be a unified program offering all classes tailored for men and in the same location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnesia B Gaskins
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 USA ; Brown University/Brown-Alpert Medical School, Providence, USA
| | - Ernestine G Jennings
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903 USA ; Brown University/Brown-Alpert Medical School, Providence, USA
| | - Herpreet Thind
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903 USA ; Brown University/Brown-Alpert Medical School, Providence, USA
| | - Joseph L Fava
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Santina Horowitz
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Ryan Lantini
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Bruce M Becker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, RI Hospital, Providence, USA ; Brown University/Brown-Alpert Medical School, Providence, USA
| | - Beth C Bock
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903 USA ; Brown University/Brown-Alpert Medical School, Providence, USA
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Riley KE, Park CL. How does yoga reduce stress? A systematic review of mechanisms of change and guide to future inquiry. Health Psychol Rev 2015; 9:379-96. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2014.981778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E. Riley
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Crystal L. Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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15
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Sengupta P, Sahoo S. Health-related morphological characteristics and physiological fitness in connection with nutritional, socio-economic status, occupational workload of tea garden workers. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:558-63. [PMID: 25352872 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports on the cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition of male workers engaged in processing of tea leaves in factories within the tea-estates of West Bengal, under the influence of physiological workload, are quite scanty. OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate morphometric characteristics based on physiological status and physical fitness of tea factory laborers who are continuously exposed to tea dust in their work environment for more than two years. METHODS Subjects were divided into control and tea garden workers groups. Height and weight were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was computed. Physiological parameters such as resting heart rate, blood pressure, fitness variables like physical fitness index (PFI), energy expenditure (EE), handgrip strength and anthropometric parameters like mid-upper arm (MUAC), thigh circumference (TC), head circumference (HC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured. RESULTS Body surface area (BSA), BMI, body fat percentage and fitness variables (PFI, EE) showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Anthropometric measures (MUAC, TC, HC, WHR) reflected poor status among laborers. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that the majority of workers had ectomorph stature, good physical fitness, but had poor nutritional status (BMI and WHR).
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Sengupta P. Comparing the Physiological, Socio-economic and Nutritional Status among Male and Female Undergraduate College Students of Metropolitan City of Kolkata. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:537-42. [PMID: 25221700 PMCID: PMC4160676 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.139304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present days, increasing trend of eating disorders are noticed among college students (both male and female) which can disturb their overall physiological and health status. It is more prevalent in metropolitan cities, like Kolkata. But, the existing literature about the physiological and nutritional status of the undergraduate college students of Kolkata is insufficient. AIM Thus, the objective of this small-scale cross-sectional study is to report and compare the prevalence of malnutrition (both obesity and undernutrition) among undergraduate male and female college students of Kolkata, based on body mass index (BMI) and some direct and derived anthropometric measures describing the body composition of the subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted in October-December 2011. The present investigation was carried out in randomly selected male (mean age 20.9 [2.25]) and female college students (mean age 20.3 [2.34]) of Kolkata. A total of 100 students of different colleges has participated, having the age of 18-22 years. Measures included a total of 24 variables which included thirteen direct anthropometric measures and 11 derived variables. RESULTS Analysis of collected data showed significantly higher BMI, fat mass, body adiposity index, but, lower waist-to-hip ratio, conicity index in female students. Anthropometric data also showed lower waist circumference and abdominal extension in female college students. Conversely, male students showed a higher fat free mass (FFM), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and thigh circumferences (TCs). CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the present study, it can be reported that higher body fat distribution and increased propensity of being overweight/obese was observed in female students, though they have shown lower abdominal fat distribution, which is a cue of female physical attractiveness. However, male students are found to have a higher FFM, MUAC and TCs, which is the indicator of strength and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Sengupta P. A Small-scale Cross-sectional Study for the Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Relation to Body Composition and Morphometric Characters in Fishermen of Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:557-62. [PMID: 24932386 PMCID: PMC4050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The people residing in coastal areas of Visakhapatnam are mostly engaged in fishery, which is always been a physically demanding job, and numerous factors have direct or indirect impact on the health of fishermen; but, the data about their physical fitness or health status is quite scanty. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess their cardiorespiratory fitness pattern, as well as morphometric characters, which may be influenced by their occupation. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 25 young fishermen (mean age of 22.8 ± 1.92 years) were randomly selected from Araku valley of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh and compared with 25 subjects who were randomly selected from college students (mean age of 21.9 ± 2.25 years) of Kolkata, West Bengal. Some physical and physiological fitness variables including height, weight, body mass index, body surface area, physical fitness index, anaerobic power, and energy expenditure were measured along with their morphometric characters. RESULTS Analysis of data indicated a significant difference in blood pressure, physical fitness index, energy expenditure, body fat percent and anaerobic power among fishermen compared to controls. However, there were no changes in morphometric characters between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this small-scale population-based study indicated that health and physical fitness of young fishermen is under the influence of both occupational workload and nutritional status, as found by body composition and morphometric characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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19
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Current trends of male reproductive health disorders and the changing semen quality. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:1-5. [PMID: 24554985 PMCID: PMC3915461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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BHATTARAI T, BHATTACHARYA K, CHAUDHURI P, SENGUPTA P. Correlation of common biochemical markers for bone turnover, serum calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in post-menopausal women. Malays J Med Sci 2014; 21:58-61. [PMID: 24639613 PMCID: PMC3952340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of life for women after menopause is one of the key health issues today, and osteoporosis is a silently progressing metabolic bone disease widely prevalent in post-menopausal women in India. Rapid bone loss occurs in post-menopausal women due to hormonal factors that lead to an increased risk of fractures. Thus, the present study was undertaken to observe the serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in post-menopausal women as these substances are biochemical markers of bone metabolism. In this small-scale cross-sectional study, 100 samples were taken. Of these, 50 were taken from post-menopausal women (experimental group) and 50 were taken from pre-menopausal women (control group). Serum calcium and serum ALP were measured in the blood samples of both groups. The findings demonstrated that the serum calcium level was significantly lower in the post-menopausal group than in the pre-menopausal group, while the ALP level was slightly higher. Therefore, an increase in bone turnover accelerates bone mass reduction in post-menopausal women, whereas a decrease in bone turnover is associated with the preservation of bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha BHATTARAI
- Department of Community Health, Everest Nursing College, Nepal, Pincode 44600, India
| | - Koushik BHATTACHARYA
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, Pincode 700006, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasenjit CHAUDHURI
- Department of Physiology, Sonarpur Mahavidyalaya, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, Pincode 700149, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallav SENGUPTA
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, Pincode 700006, West Bengal, India
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Sengupta P, Krajewska-Kulak E. Is Mind-Body Relaxation By Yoga is Effective to Combat with Lifestyle Stress? Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013; 3:S61-2. [PMID: 24349859 PMCID: PMC3853618 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - E Krajewska-Kulak
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland E-mail:
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Abstract
This review comprehensively summarizes the effects of more than 15 mostly used pesticides on male reproductive physiology, as recent experimental and epidemiological research have indicated their alarming impact on overall human health. Mechanisms have described that pesticide exposure damages spermatozoa, alter Sertoli or Leydig cell function, both in vitro and in vivo and thus affects semen quality. But, the literature suggests a need for more intricate research in those pesticides that are defined as mutagens or carcinogens and directly affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. This literature review also proposes specific solutions to overcome these health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajdeb Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Sengupta P, Chaudhuri P, Bhattacharya K. Screening obesity by direct and derived anthropometric indices with evaluation of physical efficiency among female college students of kolkata. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013; 3:517-22. [PMID: 24380001 PMCID: PMC3868116 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available information regarding the obesity pattern of the undergraduate female students of Kolkata is inadequate, though there are several reports which indicate the complications and/or awful consequences of obesity on female health particularly, during the reproductive years. AIM The present investigation has thus been carried out to report their present physiological status along with the prevalence of obesity, based on their body mass index (BMI), some direct and derived anthropometric indices, and physical fitness. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This small-scale cross-sectional study conducted in randomly selected 100 female students of different colleges of Kolkata with the age of 18-22 [mean age 20.4 (2.3)] years. Measurements of body composition included total 24 variables, with thirteen direct and eleven derived anthropometric variables; while physical efficiency parameters were physical fitness index, VO2max, energy expenditure and anaerobic power. The data of the experimental group were compared with those of the control group by t-test, using SPSS v.15.0 and MS-Excel v.2013. RESULTS Analysis of collected data showed majority of the students have normal range of BMI (67.95%), but, 21.95% of students found to be overweight and 3.84% are obese. They also showed higher fat mass [14.40 (4.11)], but, lower waist-to-hip ratio and conicity index. They were found to have poor to moderate physical fitness [57.60 (3.90)] and higher energy expenditure [5.61 (0.72)]. CONCLUSION The findings of the present obesity screening reports almost one of four female students (24 out of 100 participants) are overweight/obese, indicated higher body fat distribution and increased propensity of being obese with age. Thus, the overall data along with their low physical fitness points out to health risks among female undergraduates of Kolkata.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - P Chaudhuri
- Sonarpur Mahavidyalaya, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - K Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Dutta S, Joshi KR, Sengupta P, Bhattacharya K. Unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism and its effect on the testicular morphology, histology, accessory sex organs, and sperm count in laboratory mice. J Hum Reprod Sci 2013; 6:106-10. [PMID: 24082651 PMCID: PMC3778599 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.117172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Experimental unilateral cryptorchidism (ULC) and bilateral cryptorchidism (BLC) are excellent methods to study undescended testis in relation to spermatogenesis against a temperature gradient. OBJECTIVES: In case of ULC, it is possible to compare the testicular functions between normal condition and cryptorchidism in the same animal, whereas BLC shows the necessity of testicular androgens for proper maintenance of reproductive structures and functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, experimental ULC and BLC was done on same-aged adult mature male mice and kept for 15 days and 30 days, respectively, to observe the changes due to the induced cryptorchidism on the different reproductive organs, viz., the testis and accessory sex organs along with epididymal sperm count. Reproductive tissues were collected from individual animals and histopathological studies of testis were done to investigate different cytological changes. RESULTS: The size of the testes and accessory sex organs were found to be significantly reduced in BLC mice, whereas only testicular weight reduction was observed in ULC mice. Histopathological studies showed degenerative changes throughout the seminiferous tubules. CONCLUSION: Thus, the present investigation showed compensatory androgen production in ULC mice, whereas absence of androgen mediated reproductive functions in BLC animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Dutta
- Department of Physiology, Vijaygarh College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Sengupta P. Potential health impacts of hard water. Int J Prev Med 2013; 4:866-75. [PMID: 24049611 PMCID: PMC3775162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past five decades or so evidence has been accumulating about an environmental factor, which appears to be influencing mortality, in particular, cardiovascular mortality, and this is the hardness of the drinking water. In addition, several epidemiological investigations have demonstrated the relation between risk for cardiovascular disease, growth retardation, reproductive failure, and other health problems and hardness of drinking water or its content of magnesium and calcium. In addition, the acidity of the water influences the reabsorption of calcium and magnesium in the renal tubule. Not only, calcium and magnesium, but other constituents also affect different health aspects. Thus, the present review attempts to explore the health effects of hard water and its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Bhattacharya K. Ovulation and rate of implantation following unilateral ovariectomy in mice. J Hum Reprod Sci 2013; 6:45-8. [PMID: 23869151 PMCID: PMC3713577 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Removal of an ovary of any side of the body is called the unilateral ovariectomy (ULO). ULO models are used to analyze the existence of functional and physiological asymmetries between the ovaries, including the ovum implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ULO was done in mice without any specification on their stages of the estrous cycle. The animals were mated between 3rd and 15th day after ULO to observe the consequence of ULO on ovulation and ovum implantation. RESULTS: Ovulation and number of implantation were decreased in proportion to single contralateral ovary if the animals were mated within 36 hrs of ULO. It resulted in increased weight of contralateral ovary due to hypertrophy, and also in compensatory ovulation, formation of corpus luteum (CL) that reached a peak after 14th and 15th day of ULO (sacrificed on 5th day of pregnancy i.e., 19th and 20th day of ULO) compared to animals undergone sham-surgery. Numbers of implantations were also increased progressively on the contralateral ovarian side and get to a peak after similar days of compensation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Following ULO, the remaining ovary started to compensate within 5th to 6th day of ULO even during pregnancy. Ovarian histology also showed increased formation of CL which is a marker of rate of ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Sengupta P. The Laboratory Rat: Relating Its Age With Human's. Int J Prev Med 2013; 4:624-30. [PMID: 23930179 PMCID: PMC3733029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
By late 18(th) or early 19(th) century, albino rats became the most commonly used experimental animals in numerous biomedical researches, as they have been recognized as the preeminent model mammalian system. But, the precise correlation between age of laboratory rats and human is still a subject of debate. A number of studies have tried to detect these correlations in various ways, But, have not successfully provided any proper association. Thus, the current review attempts to compare rat and human age at different phases of their life. The overall findings indicate that rats grow rapidly during their childhood and become sexually mature at about the sixth week, but attain social maturity 5-6 months later. In adulthood, every day of the animal is approximately equivalent to 34.8 human days (i.e., one rat month is comparable to three human years). Numerous researchers performed experimental investigations in albino rats and estimated, in general, while considering their entire life span, that a human month resembles every-day life of a laboratory rat. These differences signify the variations in their anatomy, physiology and developmental processes, which must be taken into consideration while analyzing the results or selecting the dose of any research in rats when age is a crucial factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Pallav Sengupta, Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, 39, Sankar Ghosh Lane, University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700 006, West Bengal, India. E-mail:
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