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Sheikh IA, Beg MA, Macha MA. Pyrethroids and reproductive function: some endocrine disrupting perspectives from molecular simulations. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02801-8. [PMID: 39214921 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are widely used insecticides with huge applications for household as well as agricultural purposes and contribute to improved product quality and higher yields. In recent decades, the demand for pyrethroids has increased significantly due to advantages such as broad-spectrum efficacy, high insecticidal potential, and lower pest resistance. However, several studies have suggested that human exposure to pyrethroids leads to reproductive problems. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is an important hormone transport protein regulating the availability of steroids at their target site. The aim of our study was to investigate the structural interactions of commonly used pyrethroids, cypermethrin and deltamethrin, with ligand binding pocket of SHBG. Cypermethrin and deltamethrin were docked into the steroid binding pocket of SHBG using Schrodinger's induced fit docking (IFD) followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The resultant SHBG-pyrethroid complexes from IFD experiments were subjected to structural analysis including the molecular interactions followed by binding energy estimation. The analysis revealed that both the ligands were tightly bound in the SHBG pocket with high percentage of commonality among the SHBG residues between the indicated pyrethroid ligands and the SHBG native ligand, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The estimated binding energy values for cypermethrin were less but close to the values calculated for the SHBG native ligand, DHT. However, the estimated binding energy values for deltamethrin were higher compared to the values calculated for SHBG native ligand, DHT. Furthermore, the MD simulation results also revealed the higher stability of SHBG-deltamethrin than SHBG-cypermethrin complex. To sum up, the results suggested that deltamethrin has a greater capability than cypermethrin to prevent sex steroid hormone from binding to SHBG, even though both pyrethroids have this ability. Consequently, this might hamper the circulatory transport of sex steroid hormones and their availability at the target site, subsequently interfering with reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Amin Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Center for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192123, India
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2
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Guo S, Liu C, Wang Y, Chen F, Zhu J, Li S, Li E. Effect of resveratrol on spermatogenesis in breeding boars and the proteomic analysis for testes. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100930. [PMID: 39173316 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Effect of resveratrol (RSV) on spermatogenesis and the mechanism of resveratrol in promoting spermatogenesis of breeding boars was explored by feeding sexually mature Duroc boars with normal diet and 20 mg/kg resveratrol diet for 14 days to the control group and experimental group, respectively. Semen volume, sperm density, motility, viability and abnormality rate were analyzed on day 0, 7, and 14. Blood samples were collected, and levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) in serum were analyzed. On day 14, the testis tissue was collected for antioxidant and proteomics analysis etc. The semen volume, sperm density, motility, and viability of the experimental group and the contents of serum FSH, LH, T and plasma SOD activity were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, the serum IL-6, TNF-α and plasma MDA were remarkably lower in experimental group. The above results showed that resveratrol can simulate spermatogenesis in breeding boars. Proteomic results demonstrated that three differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were up-regulated and 12 DEPs were down-regulated; ODF1, calmodulin, Cabs1, and Hp were involved in spermatogenesis; and the main enriched metabolic pathway is steroid hormone synthesis pathway. Therefore, the improvement in sperm quality by resveratrol may be achieved by regulating the changes in outer dense fiber 1, calmodulin, spermatid specific 1, and haptoglobin expression and steroid synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- School of biological and food processing engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan province 463000, PR China
| | - Chaoying Liu
- School of biological and food processing engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan province 463000, PR China; Zhumadian Academy of Industry Innovation and Development, Zhumadian, Henan province 463000, PR China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of biological and food processing engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan province 463000, PR China
| | - Fujia Chen
- School of biological and food processing engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan province 463000, PR China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- School of biological and food processing engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan province 463000, PR China
| | - Siqiang Li
- School of biological and food processing engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan province 463000, PR China
| | - Enzhong Li
- School of biological and food processing engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan province 463000, PR China.
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3
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Sajad M, Shabir S, Singh SK, Bhardwaj R, Alsanie WF, Alamri AS, Alhomrani M, Alsharif A, Vamanu E, Singh MP. Role of nutraceutical against exposure to pesticide residues: power of bioactive compounds. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1342881. [PMID: 38694227 PMCID: PMC11061536 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1342881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticides play a crucial role in modern agriculture, aiding in the protection of crops from pests and diseases. However, their indiscriminate use has raised concerns about their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Pesticide residues in food and water supplies are a serious health hazards to the general public since long-term exposure can cause cancer, endocrine disruption, and neurotoxicity, among other health problems. In response to these concerns, researchers and health professionals have been exploring alternative approaches to mitigate the toxic effects of pesticide residues. Bioactive substances called nutraceuticals that come from whole foods including fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices have drawn interest because of their ability to mitigate the negative effects of pesticide residues. These substances, which include minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and polyphenols, have a variety of biological actions that may assist in the body's detoxification and healing of harm from pesticide exposure. In this context, this review aims to explore the potential of nutraceutical interventions as a promising strategy to mitigate the toxic effects of pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabil Sajad
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Shabnam Shabir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | | | - Rima Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Poona College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mahendra P. Singh
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
- Centre of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
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Onyekweli CC, Ben-Azu B, Oyovwi OM, Nwangwa EK, Ovuakporaye IS, Moke GE, Agbonifo-Chijiokwu E, Onome BO, Emojevwe V, Rotu AR. Epigallocatechin-gallate attenuates rapamycin exacerbated high fat diet-induced autophagy, hormonal dysregulation, testicular and brain oxidative stress, and neurochemical changes in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114340. [PMID: 38097001 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) could counteract the detrimental effects of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in rats exposed to rapamycin-induced reproductive and neuronal changes. Six rats per treatment group (n = 6) were utilized, in which groups 1 and 2 had dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (0.1%) and EGCG (80 mg/kg) respectively. Group 3 received HFD + 0.1% DMSO daily for 56 days. Group 4 received HFD + rapamycin (1 mg/kg) orally for 56 days. Rats in group 5 received HFD for 56 days and EGCG (80 mg/kg, p.o.) from days 29-56. Group 6 received the combination of HFD + rapamycin (56 days) with EGCG (80 mg/kg) from days 29-56. Cognitive loss was assessed using Y-maze-test (YMT). Afterwards, serum sex hormones, insulin-glucose balance, serotonin concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity, sperm features, antioxidants, and the markers of oxido-nitrergic, autophagy and apoptotic mediators were assessed. EGCG reversed rapamycin exacerbated HFD-induced alterations in spermatogenesis, insulin-glucose balance, reproductive hormones, oxido-nitrergic stress, and altered serotonin, acetylcholinesterase levels, and autophagic and apoptotic activities in rats' testes and brains respectively. EGCG significantly attenuated HFD-induced cognitive loss. The study showed that EGCG attenuated rapamycin-mediated HFD-induced spermatogenesis deficiency and cognitive impairment via normalization of reproductive hormones, testicular and brain oxidative stress, apoptotic, autophagic activities, with serotonin and cholinergic levels in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu Charles Onyekweli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
| | - O Mega Oyovwi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - E Kingsley Nwangwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
| | - I Simon Ovuakporaye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Goodies Emuesiri Moke
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Ejime Agbonifo-Chijiokwu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - B Oghenetega Onome
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Emojevwe
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - A Rume Rotu
- Department of Physiology, University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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5
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Anaduaka EG, Uchendu NO, Asomadu RO, Ezugwu AL, Okeke ES, Chidike Ezeorba TP. Widespread use of toxic agrochemicals and pesticides for agricultural products storage in Africa and developing countries: Possible panacea for ecotoxicology and health implications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15173. [PMID: 37113785 PMCID: PMC10126862 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemicals used for storage majorly possess insecticidal activities - deterring destructive insect pests and microorganisms from stored agricultural produce. Despite the controversy about their safety, local farmers and agro-wholesalers still predominantly use these chemicals in developing countries, especially Africa, to ensure an all-year supply of agriproducts. These chemicals could have short- or long-term effects. Despite the state-of-the-art knowledge, factors such as poor education and awareness, limited agricultural subventions, quests for cheap chemicals, over-dosage, and many more are the possible reasons for these toxic chemicals' setback and persistent use in developing countries. This paper provides an up-to-date review of the environmental and ecological effects, as well as the health impacts arising from the indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals in agriproducts. Existing data link pesticides to endocrine disruption, genetic mutations, neurological dysfunction, and other metabolic disorders, apart from the myriad of acute effects. Finally, this study recommended several naturally sourced preservatives as viable alternatives to chemical counterparts and emphasized the invaluable role of education and awareness programs in mitigating the use in developing nations for a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka Godwin Anaduaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Nene Orizu Uchendu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Rita Onyekachukwu Asomadu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Arinze Linus Ezugwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
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6
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Alyasari NKH, Selman WH. L-carnitine-loaded nanoparticle ameliorates cypermethrin-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:147-154. [PMID: 37255872 PMCID: PMC10226707 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_46_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to find out whether L-carnitine-loaded nanoparticle (LCn) could reduce the reproductive toxicity of cypermethrin (CYP), the widely used insecticide in veterinary medicine in male rats. Twenty male Wistar rats that weighed between 210 and 240 g were split into four groups and treated daily for 2 months. The control group was given 0.9% normal saline solution daily. The second group received CYP (3.83 mg/kg b. w. p. o.) daily. The third group was administered with LCn and CYP (50 mg/kg b. wt. p. o. and 3.83 mg/kg b. wt. p. o., respectively) daily, whereas the fourth group received LCn alone (50 mg/kg b. wt. p. o.) daily. On day 60, all rats were sacrificed and samples were collected. CYP-treated animals exhibited inhibition of testicular anti-oxidative stress mechanisms, testicular steroidogenesis enzyme activity (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [3β-HSD] and 17β-HSD), and downregulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene expression. In addition, it decreased testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and LH levels and had detrimental consequences for sperm quality. LCn attenuated CYP-induced reproductive toxicity via the alleviation of testicular oxidative stress status, improvement of steroidogenic enzyme activity, and upregulation of StAR gene expression, which are probably responsible for the concomitant improvement in testicular hormonal levels and improvement in sperm properties. Intriguingly, LCn treatment alone could enhance the functions of the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Kadhim Hadi Alyasari
- Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Wisam Hussein Selman
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
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7
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Zhao J, Ma LY, Xie YX, Zhu LQ, Ni WS, Wang R, Song YN, Li XY, Yang HF. The role of stimulator of interferon genes-mediated AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K autophagy pathway in cyfluthrin-induced testicular injury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:727-742. [PMID: 36515635 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyfluthrin is widely used in the field of sanitary pest control by its wide insecticidal spectrum, high efficiency and low toxicity, low residue, and good biodegradability. But, as a double-edged sword, a large amount of cyfluthrin remains are still in the environment. The residual cyfluthrin is absorbed into the food chain through vegetation and then poses a risk to soil organisms and human health. Several studies have suggested that cyfluthrin is one of the main factors causing testicular damage, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we established in vivo and in vitro models of testicular injury in rats and GC-2 cells exposed to cyfluthrin to explore whether stimulator of interferon genes (STING) gene mediates the regulation of AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K autophagy pathway, which lays a foundation for further study of the mechanism of testicular injury induced by cyfluthrin. The results showed that the activity of super oxide dismutase in testis decreased and the activity of malonic dialdehyde increased with the increase of concentration in vivo and in vitro. At the same time, the levels of mitochondrial damage and inflammation in the testis also increased, which further activated autophagy. In this process, the increased level of inflammation is related to the increased expression of STING gene, and AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K autophagy pathway is also involved. To sum up, cyfluthrin has certain reproductive toxicity, and long-term exposure can induce testicular cell damage. STING gene can participate in cyfluthrin-induced testicular injury through AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Healthy and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ya Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Healthy and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- The Sinopharm Yiji Hospital, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xin Xie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Healthy and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qin Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Healthy and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Si Ni
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Healthy and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Healthy and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Healthy and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Healthy and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Healthy and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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8
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Azmy AM, Abd Elbaki BT, Ali MA, Mahmoud AA. Effect of ozone versus naringin on testicular injury in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in adult male albino rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:439-461. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2132337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Azmy
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Bassant T. Abd Elbaki
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Ali
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Mahmoud
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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9
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Ahmed MM, Hussein MMA, Saber T, Abd-Elhakim YM. Palliative Effect of Resveratrol against Nanosized Iron Oxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Steroidogenesis-Related Genes Dysregulation in Testicular Tissue of Adult Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138171. [PMID: 35805830 PMCID: PMC9266693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The nano-sized iron oxide (Fe2O3-NPs) is one of the most used engineered nanomaterials worldwide. This study investigated the efficacy of natural polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) (20 mg/kg b.wt, orally once daily) to alleviate the impaired sperm quality and testicular injury resulting from Fe2O3-NPs exposure (3.5 or 7 mg/kg b.wt, intraperitoneally once a week) for eight weeks. Spermiograms, sexual hormonal levels, oxidative stress indicators, and lipid peroxidation biomarker were assessed. Moreover, the steroidogenesis-related genes mRNA expressions were evaluated. The results showed that RSV substantially rescued Fe2O3-NPs-mediated sperm defects. Additionally, the Fe2O3-NPs-induced depressing effects on sperm motility and viability were markedly counteracted by RSV. Moreover, RSV significantly restored Fe2O3-NPs-induced depletion of testosterone, follicle-stimulated hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testicular antioxidant enzymes but reduced malondialdehyde content. Furthermore, the Fe2O3-NPs-induced downregulation of steroidogenesis-related genes (3 β-HSD, 17 β-HSD, and Nr5A1) was significantly counteracted in the testicular tissue of RSV-treated rats. These findings concluded that RSV could limit the Fe2O3-NPs-induced reduced sperm quality and testicular injury most likely via their antioxidant activity and steroidogenesis-related gene expression modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. A. Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt;
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Ikokide EJ, Oyagbemi AA, Oyeyemi MO. Impacts of cadmium on male fertility: Lessons learnt so far. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14516. [PMID: 35765120 DOI: 10.1111/and.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous heavy metals in the world. Globally, toxicities associated with cadmium and its attendant negative impact on humans and animals cannot be under-estimated. Cd is a heavy metal, and people are exposed to it through contaminated foods and smoking. Cd exerts its deleterious impacts on the testes (male reproductive system) by inducing oxidative stress, spermatogenic cells apoptosis, testicular inflammation, decreasing androgenic and sperm cell functions, disrupting ionic homeostasis, pathways and epigenetic gene regulation, damaging vascular endothelium and blood testes barrier. In association with other industrial by-products, Cd has been incriminated for the recent decline of male fertility rate seen in both man and animals. Understanding the processes involved in Cd-induced testicular toxicity is vital for the innovation of techniques that will help ameliorate infertility in males. In this review, we summed up recent studies on the processes of testicular toxicity and male infertility due to Cd exposure. Also, the usage of different compounds including phytochemicals, and plant extracts to manage Cd reprotoxicity will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Joseph Ikokide
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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11
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Irani D, Borle S, Balasinor N, Singh D. Maternal cypermethrin exposure during perinatal period dysregulates gonadal steroidogenesis, gametogenesis and sperm epigenome in F1 rat offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 111:106-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Esfahani M, Rahbar AH, Soleimani Asl S, Mehri F. Resveratrol: a panacea compound for diazinon-induced renal toxicity. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2008452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esfahani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Rahbar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Payame Noor University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Hemmat Pardis), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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13
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Shepelska NR, Prodanchuk MG, Kolianchuk YV. Comparative analysis of two methodological approaches to the study of endocrine disruptor alpha-cypermethrin reproductive toxicity. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/0221100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, one of the main threats to humanity is undoubtedly endocrine disruptors (ED), since they directly disrupt the processes of ensuring homeostasis, which are identical to the very essence of the concept of health, considered in valeology as the ability to maintain age-appropriate stability in conditions of sharp changes in quantitative and qualitative parameters of the triune flow of sensory, verbal and structural information. Pesticides can disrupt the physiological functioning of many endocrine chains, including the endocrine mechanisms that ensure reproductive health. The study aimed to compare the results of our studies of alpha-cypermethrin reproductive toxicity in the test system for studying gonadotoxic activity with data obtained in the test system "Three Generation Reproduction Study". The studies were performed on male and female Wistar Han rats with two generic samples of alpha-cypermethrin from different manufacturers at doses of 0.2, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg body weight. The exposure lasted 11 (males) and 10 (females) weeks. During the last two weeks of exposure the state of the estrous cycle, duration and frequency of each stage in females was studied. After the end of treatment functional parameters of the state of the gonads in males and the ability of animals to reproduce were examined. In males, the total sperm count, the absolute and relative number of motile germ cells, and the number of pathologically altered forms were evaluated. The results of the study showed that exposure of male and female Wistar Han rats to alpha-cypermethrin at doses of 0.2–3.0 mg/kg during gametogenesis had a toxic effect on the reproductive system characterized by impaired gonadal and reproductive functions. In our studies, alpha-cypermethrin was found to have reproductive toxicity (reduced number of corpora luteum and live fetuses, increased absolute and relative postimplantation death, reduced average weight of fetuses and litters) and endocrine-disruptive effect, having a pronounced antiandrogenic effect on males. Obvious signs of endocrine reproductive disorders (changes in testis and epididymis weight, deterioration in semen parameters, altered length of separate stages of the estrous cycle) were observed in both females and males. However, studies in a test system of three-generations did not reveal a reproductive and endocrine-disruptive effect of cypermethrin, the toxicity of which was recognized as equivalent to the toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin. The obtained results showed higher sensitivity, informative and diagnostic significance of the methods for studying gonadotoxicity than the methodology of reproductive toxicity studies in the test system “Three Generation Reproduction Study”.
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Abdel-Razik RK, Mosallam EM, Hamed NA, Badawy MEI, Abo-El-Saad MM. Testicular deficiency associated with exposure to cypermethrin, imidacloprid, and chlorpyrifos in adult rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103724. [PMID: 34416397 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The testicular deficiency associated with exposure to three widely used insecticides in Egyptian agriculture was evaluated. Animals were orally treated with sub-lethal dose (1/50 of the oral LD50) of cypermethrin (CYP), imidacloprid (IMC), and chlorpyrifos (CPF) at 5, 9 and 1.9 mg/kg/day, respectively, five times a week for one month. The CYP, IMC, and CPF exposure resulted in a significant decline in animal body weight, sperm count, motility, normality, and viability with increased head and tail deformities. Significant reduction in serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testis superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. In contrast, catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonyl content (PCC) levels were significantly stimulated. Jointly, obtained results were confirmed by microscopic examination of testis sections. The present data concluded that the CYP, IMC, and CPF have a public health impact and violently interferes with male rat reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda K Abdel-Razik
- Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 21616-El-Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman M Mosallam
- Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 21616-El-Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nadia A Hamed
- Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 21616-El-Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E I Badawy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Abo-El-Saad
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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15
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Abd-Elhakim YM, El Sharkawy NI, El Bohy KM, Hassan MA, Gharib HSA, El-Metwally AE, Arisha AH, Imam TS. Iprodione and/or chlorpyrifos exposure induced testicular toxicity in adult rats by suppression of steroidogenic genes and SIRT1/TERT/PGC-1α pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56491-56506. [PMID: 34060014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is cumulative evidence that iprodione (IPR) fungicide and chlorpyrifos (CPF) insecticide are endocrine disruptors that can evoke reproductive toxicity. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Besides, the outcomes of their co-exposure to male sexual behavior and male fertility are still unknown. The effects of IPR (200 mg/kg b.wt) and CPF (7.45 mg/kg b.wt) single or mutual exposure for 65 days on sexual behavior, sex hormones, testicular enzymes, testis, and accessory sex gland histomorphometric measurements, apoptosis, and oxidative stress biomarkers were investigated. In addition, expression of nuclear receptor subfamily group A (NR5A1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B3), silent information regulator type-1 (SIRT1), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) genes has been assessed. Our results revealed that the individual or concurrent IPR and CPF exposure significantly disturb the sexual behavior, semen characteristics, testicular enzymes, and male hormones level. Oxidative stress caused by IPR and CPF activates apoptosis by inducing Caspase-3 and reducing Bcl-2. Downregulation of HSD17B3, NR5A1, and SIRT1/TERT/PGC-1α pathway was evident. Of note, most of these disturbances were exaggerated in rats co-exposed to IPR and CPF compared to IPR or CPF alone. Conclusively, our findings verified that IPR and CPF possibly damage the male reproductive system, and concurrent exposure should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nabela I El Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khlood M El Bohy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona A Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Heba S A Gharib
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tamer S Imam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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16
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Environmental Factors-Induced Oxidative Stress: Hormonal and Molecular Pathway Disruptions in Hypogonadism and Erectile Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060837. [PMID: 34073826 PMCID: PMC8225220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypogonadism is an endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate serum testosterone production by the Leydig cells of the testis. It is triggered by alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is another common disorder in men that involves an alteration in erectile response–organic, relational, or psychological. The incidence of hypogonadism and ED is common in men aged over 40 years. Hypogonadism (including late-onset hypogonadism) and ED may be linked to several environmental factors-induced oxidative stresses. The factors mainly include exposure to pesticides, radiation, air pollution, heavy metals and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals. These environmental risk factors may induce oxidative stress and lead to hormonal dysfunctions. To better understand the subject, the study used many keywords, including “hypogonadism”, “late-onset hypogonadism”, “testosterone”, “erectile dysfunction”, “reactive oxygen species”, “oxidative stress”, and “environmental pollution” in major online databases, such as SCOPUS and PUBMED to extract relevant scientific information. Based on these parameters, this review summarizes a comprehensive insight into the important environmental issues that may have a direct or indirect association with hypogonadism and ED in men. The study concludes that environmental factors-induced oxidative stress may cause infertility in men. The hypothesis and outcomes were reviewed critically, and the mechanistic approaches are applied through oxidant-sensitive pathways. This study also provides reccomendations on future therapeutic interventions and protective measures against such adverse environmental factors-induced hypogonadism and ED.
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Abstract
Human and animal welfare primarily depends on the availability of food and surrounding environment. Over a century and half, the quest to identify agents that can enhance food production and protection from vector borne diseases resulted in the identification and use of a variety of pesticides, of which the pyrethroid based ones emerged as the best choice. Pesticides while improved the quality of life, on the other hand caused enormous health risks. Because of their percolation into drinking water and food chain and usage in domestic settings, humans unintentionally get exposed to the pesticides on a daily basis. The health hazards of almost all known pesticides at a variety of doses and exposure times are reported. This review provides a comprehensive summation on the historical, epidemiological, chemical and biological (physiological, biochemical and molecular) aspects of pyrethroid based insecticides. An overview of the available knowledge suggests that the synthetic pyrethroids vary in their chemical and toxic nature and pose health hazards that range from simple nausea to cancers. Despite large number of reports, studies that focused on identifying the health hazards using doses that are equivalent or relevant to human exposure are lacking. It is high time such studies are conducted to provide concrete evidence on the hazards of consuming pesticide contaminated food. Policy decisions to decrease the residual levels of pesticides in agricultural products and also to encourage organic farming is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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18
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The effect of cyfluthrin on testis inhibin B in rats and the intervention of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Zhong M, Zhai Q, Zhang R, Yin H, Li J, Ma Z, Fang L, Zhang C, Li Y. Effect of pyrethroid pesticides on the testis of male rats: A meta-analysis. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:229-239. [PMID: 33724083 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study quantitatively evaluated the effects of pyrethroid pesticides on the testis of male rats. An extensive literature search for relevant studies was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Pooled standard mean difference with corresponding 95% confidence interval was calculated via the random-effects model. I 2 was used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. A total of 19 studies were included for analysis in our study. Results indicated that the sperm count of rats exposed to fenvalerate was lower than that of rats in control groups. The sperm count, sperm motility, and testosterone level of rats exposed to cypermethrin and deltamethrin were lower than those of rats in control groups. Moreover, the sperm morphology of rats exposed to these pyrethroid pesticides was abnormal compared with that of rats in control groups. The present meta-analysis indicates that pyrethroid pesticides decrease rat sperm count, sperm motility, and testosterone level and cause abnormal rat sperm morphology. Therefore, pyrethroid pesticides can damage the testis of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Zhong
- School of Public Health, 372527Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- School of Public Health, 372527Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, 372527Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haoyu Yin
- School of Public Health, 372527Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- School of Public Health, 372527Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- School of Public Health, 372527Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, 372527Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chenyuan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child health Hospital, 372527Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child health Hospital, 372527Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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20
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Hassan MA, El Bohy KM, El Sharkawy NI, Imam TS, El-Metwally AE, Hamed Arisha A, Mohammed HA, Abd-Elhakim YM. Iprodione and chlorpyrifos induce testicular damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis and suppression of steroidogenic- and spermatogenic-related genes in immature male albino rats. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13978. [PMID: 33586219 DOI: 10.1111/and.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungicide iprodione (IPR) and the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) are concurrently applied for early disease control in fruits and other crops. However, there are no available data about the impacts of their co-exposure. Additionally, IPR and CPF are known as endocrine disruptors that can cause reproductive toxicity. The outcomes of their co-exposure on the development of male reproductive organs are still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the risk of exposure to these pesticides, particularly on the postnatal development of the male albino rat reproductive system from postnatal days 23-60. The results revealed that a single IPR or CPF exposure has harmful consequences on the reproductive development and function manifested by reduced testicular weight, serious changes in sperm characteristics, reproductive hormone level imbalance, testicular enzymes, oxidative stress and apoptosis-related enzymes, which correlated with transcription levels of steroidogenic- and spermatogenic-related genes. Histopathologically, both compounds caused severe damage in the testis and accessory glands architecture. Notably, co-exposure to IPR and CPF in rats caused more serious damage, indicative of an additive effect than individual exposure, so concurrent exposure should be avoided as it is more hazardous, especially on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khlood M El Bohy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nabela I El Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tamer S Imam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr city, Egypt.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haiam A Mohammed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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21
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Ubaid Ur Rahman H, Asghar W, Nazir W, Sandhu MA, Ahmed A, Khalid N. A comprehensive review on chlorpyrifos toxicity with special reference to endocrine disruption: Evidence of mechanisms, exposures and mitigation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142649. [PMID: 33059141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum chlorinated organophosphate (OP) pesticide used for the control of a variety of insects and pathogens in crops, fruits, vegetables, as well as households, and various other locations. The toxicity of CPF has been associated with neurological dysfunctions, endocrine disruption, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It can also induce developmental and behavioral anomalies, hematological malignancies, genotoxicity, histopathological aberrations, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress as evidenced by animal modeling. Moreover, eye irritation and dermatological defects are also reported due to CPF toxicity. The mechanism of action of CPF involves blocking the active sites of the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thereby producing adverse nervous system effects. Although CPF has low persistence in the body, its active metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), and chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) are comparatively more persistent, albeit equally toxic, and thus produce serious health complications. The present review has been compiled taking into account the work related to CPF toxicity and provides a brief compilation of CPF-induced defects in animals and humans, emphasizing the abnormalities leading to endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, reproductive carcinogenesis, and disruptive mammary gland functionality. Moreover, the clinical signs and symptoms associated with the CPF exposure along with the possible pharmacological treatment are reported in this treatise. Additionally, the effect of food processing methods in reducing CPF residues from different agricultural commodities and dietary interventions to curtail the toxicity of CPF has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ubaid Ur Rahman
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Asghar
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wahab Nazir
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mansur Abdullah Sandhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Anwaar Ahmed
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Khalid
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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22
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Chen L, Jiang E, Guan Y, Xu P, Shen Q, Liu Z, Zhu W, Chen L, Liu H, Dong H. Safety of high-dose Puerariae Lobatae Radix in adolescent rats based on metabolomics. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:794-810. [PMID: 33598164 PMCID: PMC7866568 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerariae Lobatae Radix (PLR) is the dried root of the leguminous plant Pueraria lobata and is a common component of health products and medicines. Although it is considered safe, some studies have reported that PLR has hepatotoxicity and estrogen-like effects. In this study, the safety of high doses of PLR water extract administered to adolescent SD rats for 30 days was evaluated by biochemical, histopathological, and metabolomic analyses. Overall, there were no significant differences between the low-dose and blank control groups in parameter values, including organ wet weight, organ coefficient, routine blood indicators, serum biochemical indexes of liver and renal function, levels of estradiol and testosterone, histopathological parameters, and primary differential metabolite profiles. Compared with the blank control group, the high-dose group may have a certain effect on the liver. These effects might be mediated by abnormal phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis or phenylalanine metabolism. However, histopathological analyses did not show differences in the liver, kidney, breast, uterus, ovary, testis, and epididymis between the control group and the group treated with a high dose of PLR water extract. PLR water extract did not significantly promote the precocity of male and female sexual organs. Overall, PLR water extract is relatively safe for adolescent SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - E. Jiang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Yongmei Guan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Pan Xu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Qian Shen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Lihua Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Hongning Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
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Zhang X, Zhang T, Ren X, Chen X, Wang S, Qin C. Pyrethroids Toxicity to Male Reproductive System and Offspring as a Function of Oxidative Stress Induction: Rodent Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:656106. [PMID: 34122335 PMCID: PMC8190395 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.656106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids may be related to male reproductive system damage. However, the results of many previous studies are contradictory and uncertain. Therefore, a systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed to assess the relationship between pyrethroid exposure and male reproductive system damage. A total of 72 articles were identified, among which 57 were selected for meta-analysis, and 15 were selected for qualitative analysis. Pyrethroid exposure affected sperm count (SMD= -2.0424; 95% CI, -2.4699 to -1.6149), sperm motility (SMD=-3.606; 95% CI, -4.5172 to -2.6948), sperm morphology (SMD=2.686; 95% CI, 1.9744 to 3.3976), testis weight (SMD=-1.1591; 95% CI, -1.6145 to -0.7038), epididymal weight (SMD=-1.1576; 95% CI, -1.7455 to -0.5697), and serum testosterone level (SMD=-1.9194; 95% CI, -2.4589 to -1.3798) in the studies of rats. We found that gestational and lactational exposure to pyrethroids can reduce sperm count (SMD=1.8469; 95% CI, -2.9010 to -0.7927), sperm motility (SMD=-2.7151; 95% CI, -3.9574 to -1.4728), testis weight (SMD=-1.4361; 95% CI, -1.8873 to -0.9848), and epididymal weight (SMD=-0.6639; 95% CI, -0.9544 to -0.3733) of F1 offspring. Exposure to pyrethroids can increase malondialdehyde (SMD=3.3451; 95% CI 1.9914 to 4.6988) oxide in testes and can reduce the activities of glutathione (SMD=-2.075; 95% CI -3.0651 to -1.0848), superoxide dismutase (SMD=-2.4856; 95% CI -3.9612 to -1.0100), and catalase (SMD=-2.7564; 95% CI -3.9788 to -1.5340). Pyrethroid exposure and oxidative stress could damage male sperm quality. Gestational and lactational pyrethroid exposure affects the reproductive system of F1 offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chao Qin
- *Correspondence: Chao Qin, ; ShangQian Wang,
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24
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El-Nahhal Y. Pesticide residues in honey and their potential reproductive toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:139953. [PMID: 32599396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Honey is the sweet natural substance produced by honeybees. It may be contaminated with pesticide residues due to its intensive use. Almost no reviews have addressed pesticide residues in honey, calculated a hazard index or discussed their potential reproductive toxicity. The focus of this article is primarily to summarize advances in research related to pesticide residues, estimate daily intake of pesticide residues from consuming honey only and discuss the potential reproductive toxicity associated with those residues. The results showed that 92 pesticide residues were found in honey samples from 27 countries. Six residues belong to class IA toxicity, eight residues belong to class IB toxicity, 42 residues belong to class II, 35 residues belong to class III and one residue belong to class IV toxicity. The calculated hazard indices (HIs) suggest high potential health risk by consuming honey. In addition, residues found in honey are known to impair semen quality among exposed individuals and experimental animal models. In conclusion, consumption of honey as one of many food items contaminated with pesticide residues may induce male and female reproductive toxicity in consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser El-Nahhal
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, The Islamic University-Gaza, Palestine.
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25
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Ravula AR, Yenugu S. Effect of long-term treatment with a mixture of pyrethroids on the expression of genes that govern male germ cell production in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22654. [PMID: 33051911 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to pyrethroid-based pesticides through agricultural produce. In this study, male Wistar rats were orally treated for 9 to 12 months with a mixture of pyrethroids that is equivalent to one-fifth (high dose; HD) or one-twenty fifth (low dose; LD) of the amount of pyrethroids present in the cereals and rice consumed by an average Indian. In rats treated for 9 months, the spermatogenesis-associated genes Abp, Ar, Cd9, Dax1, Dazap1, Ddx3y, Gdnf, Gfra1, Grth, Inhb, Ovol1, P1, Plzf, Pygo2, Scf, Tgfb1, Tp1, Tp2, and Vim1 were downregulated in both LD and HD groups. In rats treated for 12 months Gdnf, Hsf2, Inhb, Tgfb1, Thy1, and Ybx2 expression was downregulated in both LD and HD groups. Steroidogenesis-associated genes 17-β-Hsd, Gata4, Hmgcr, Hmgcs1, Pde4b, and Tspo gene expression were reduced in both LD- and HD-treated groups treated for 9 months. In 12-month-treated rats, Creb1 expression decreased in both LD and HD groups. The epigenetic reprogramming-associated genes, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Hdac10, Hp1bp3, Kat3a Kat3b, Mch2ta, Ncoa7, and Sirt1 were downregulated in both HD and LD groups of 9-months-treated rats. In rats treated for 12 months, Hdac10, Mch2ta, Ncoa7, and Sirt1 messenger RNA levels decreased in both the HD and LD groups. Thus, we demonstrate that long-term exposure to a mixture of pyrethroids caused aberrations in the transcriptome of factors involved in sperm production and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandha R Ravula
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Katragadda V, Adem M, Mohammad RA, Sri Bhasyam S, Battini K. Testosterone recuperates deteriorated male fertility in cypermethrin intoxicated rats. Toxicol Res 2020; 37:125-134. [PMID: 33489863 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the protective effects of testosterone against reproductive toxicity induced by cypermethrin (50 mg/kg body weight) in rats. Significant reduction in the testicular and accessory sex organ weights were observed in cypermethrin-treated rats over controls. Cypermethrin intoxication significantly reduced testicular daily sperm count, epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability and HOS-tail coiled sperm accompanied by significant reduction in the activity levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes such as 3β- and 17β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in rats as compared to controls. Further, qPCR studies indicated that the mRNA expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) significantly decreased in cypermethrin-treated rats over controls. Molecular docking analysis indicated that the binding affinity of cypermethrin (- 11.2 kcal/mol) towards StAR protein was greater as compared to its natural ligand, cholesterol (- 8.2 kcal/mol) suggesting improper cholesterol channeling across the testis. Significant reduction in the circulatory levels of testosterone was also recorded in cypermethrin-exposed rats. An increase in pre- and post-implantation loss was observed in rats cohabited with cypermethrin-treated rats. On the other hand, testosterone (4.16 mg/kg body weight) treatment ameliorated cypermethrin-induced reprotoxic effects in rats. To conclude, cypermethrin-induced deterioration of suppressed reproductive performance in male rats could be linked to its antiandrogenic effects and on the other hand, testosterone-mediated protection of male reproductive health in cypermethrin-treated rats at least in part occurs via restoration of testosterone biosynthesis, spermatogenesis and sperm maturation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Katragadda
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, AP 517 502 India
| | - Meghapriya Adem
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, AP 517 502 India
| | - Reshma Anjum Mohammad
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, AP 517 502 India
| | - Sainath Sri Bhasyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, AP 524 320 India
| | - Kishori Battini
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, AP 517 502 India
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Pannu N, Bhatnagar A. Prophylactic effect of resveratrol and piperine on pristane-induced murine model of lupus-like disease. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:719-735. [PMID: 32415428 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease. Apart from usual treatments, approximately 50% of lupus patients use complementary medicine. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin with various pharmacological properties. We hypothesised that prophylactic treatment with resveratrol may abrogate manifestations in pristane-induced murine model of lupus-like disease and piperine; a bio-enhancer of resveratrol may enhance these properties. The prophylactic effect of resveratrol (25 mg/kg body weight: P-Res) alone and in combination with piperine (2.5 mg/kg body weight: P-RP) were assessed. P-Res and P-RP were equally efficient in mitigating oxidative stress (enzyme activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and level of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species). Inflammation is associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines. IL-6 was decreased by 71.60% with P-Res, and TNF-α was reduced by 59.70% with P-Res and 62.66% with P-RP (p < 0.05). Prevention of renal pathologies was evident by reduction in creatinine level by P-RP (p < 0.05) and abrogation of proteinuria (P-Res and P-RP). P-RP was efficient in restoring histopathology of liver and lungs and decreased immune complexes in lungs. P-Res proved more beneficial by extenuating lipogranulomas, histopathological manifestations in kidney, liver, and lungs, and eliminating immune complexes in liver and lungs. None of the treatments could regulate auto-antibody formation. Resveratrol decreases the susceptibility of developing pathogenesis in murine model of lupus-like disease. The results also conclude that addressing the bioavailability of resveratrol using it in combination with piperine does not prove more efficacious in preventing lupus-associated pathologies than resveratrol alone.
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Zhou L, Zhou M, Tan H, Xiao M. Cypermethrin-induced cortical neurons apoptosis via the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104547. [PMID: 32359539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residue is a common problem worldwide. Cypermethrin is a type II pyrethroid pesticide that has been widely used in recent years. It has become a widespread residual pesticide in the environment and agricultural products. The neurotoxicity of cypermethrin remains a matter of concern. However, few studies have evaluated its toxicity on cerebral cortical neurons. As the center of the nervous system, the cerebral cortex is involved in a series of biological processes, such as learning, memory, emotions, and movement. The Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway has been considered to play a protective role in several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. We investigated whether this pathway plays a protective role in cypermethrin-induced apoptosis of the cortical neurons. We established a cypermethrin-induced apoptosis model in the cortical neurons using different cypermethrin doses and different incubation periods. The changes in Nrf2 protein and mRNA expression and its downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting to study the role of the Nrf2/ARE pathway in cypermethrin-induced apoptosis of the cortical neurons. The results showed that the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway has a protective effect in cypermethrin-induced apoptosis of the cortical neurons. However, this protective effect of the Nrf2/ARE pathway is very limited and is dependent on the exposure dose and exposure period of cypermethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhou
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Mengqing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Handan Tan
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Mengxi Xiao
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
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Wang Q, Shen JY, Zhang R, Hong JW, Li Z, Ding Z, Wang HX, Zhang JP, Zhang MR, Xu LC. Effects and mechanisms of pyrethroids on male reproductive system. Toxicology 2020; 438:152460. [PMID: 32278050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroids are used as insecticides in agriculture and a variety of household applications worldwide. Pyrethroids are widely distributed in all environmental compartments and the general populations are exposed to pyrethroids through various routes. Pyrethroids have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which are responsible for the male reproductive impairments. The data confirm pyrethroids cause male reproductive damages. The insecticides exert the toxic effects on male reproductive system through various complex mechanisms including antagonizing androgen receptor (AR), inhibiting steroid synthesis, affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, acting as estrogen receptor (ER) modulators and inducing oxidative stress. The mechanisms of male reproductive toxicity of pyrethroids involve multiple targets and pathways. The review will provide further insight into pyrethroid-induced male reproductive toxicity and mechanisms, which is crucial to preserve male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Yu Shen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Wei Hong
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng-Xue Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Chun Xu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Greifová H, Jambor T, Tokárová K, Speváková I, Knížatová N, Lukáč N. Resveratrol attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in TM3 Leydig cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:585-595. [PMID: 32178576 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1717899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present study was to investigate in vitro protective potential of resveratrol in TM3 Leydig cells with induced oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Leydig cells experiencing oxidative stress exhibit reduced activities in androgens production, and become hypofunctional with age, which is also related to growing oxidative stress, while resveratrol has received growing attention as a cytoprotective agent. TM3 mouse Leydig cells were cultivated during 24 h in the presence of resveratrol (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) alone, or in combination with H2O2 (300/600 μM) to induce oxidative stress. Mitochondrial activity was evaluated using MTT test, triple assay was used in order to assess cell viability parameters, intracellular generation of superoxide was determined by the nitroblue-tetrazolium assay, and quantification of steroid hormones was performed by the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Resveratrol alone treatment led to the most significantly improved values of all tested parameters in the cells of experimental group with addition of 10 μM of resveratrol in comparison to the control group. In the case of cells with induced oxidative stress (300 μM H2O2) resveratrol administration resulted in significantly increased (P < 0.05) metabolic activity, as well as cell membrane integrity at concentration 10 μM. Significantly improved (P < 0.001) lysosomal activity showed cells treated with 5 and 10 μM of resveratrol, and the level of both measured hormones was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cells supplemented with 10 μM of resveratrol. Significant decline of superoxide radical production was observed in all experimental groups in comparison to the control exposed to H2O2 alone. With respect to cells exposed to higher concentration of H2O2 (600 μM), results showed positive effect of resveratrol only in biosynthesis of both androgens with significant increased values in experimental group treated with 5 μM (P < 0.05) and 10 μM (P < 0.01) of resveratrol, in addition, in the case of testosterone we recorded significant higher (P < 0.05) values in cells with addition of 25 and 50 μM resveratrol when compared to H2O2 control. More specific and systematic research focused especially on androgen biosynthesis is necessary related to the biological activity of resveratrol in male reproductive system due to inconsistent results of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Greifová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Jambor
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Speváková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Nikola Knížatová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Lukáč
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Singh D, Irani D, Bhagat S, Vanage G. Cypermethrin exposure during perinatal period affects fetal development and impairs reproductive functions of F1 female rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135945. [PMID: 31863984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a ubiquitously present synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It has endocrine disrupting activities which may adversely affect reproductive development and functions of offspring if exposed during critical developmental period. The present study was undertaken to delineate the effects of CYP exposure in pregnant female rats during perinatal period on the sexual maturation, hormonal regulation, reproductive development and fertility of F1 female offspring and its molecular mechanism of action. Pregnant rats (F0) were gavaged daily with 0, 1, 10, 25 mg/kg bw/day CYP and 10 μg/kg bw/day Diethylstilbestrol (DES; positive control) from gestation day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. The reproductive development and function parameters were evaluated at PND 45 and 75. Reduced body weight, delayed vaginal opening, and disrupted estrous cyclicity were observed at 25 mg/kg CYP dose. CYP exposure significantly affected the reproductive organ development and their functions at all doses. Significant alterations in ovarian and uterine histology such as luteinization, reduction of primordial follicular reserves, presence of multi-oocyte follicles and thin degenerative luminal and glandular uterine epithelium were observed at adulthood. Altered circulatory steroid hormone levels and expression of ovarian and uterine steroid hormone receptors were observed at PND 75 in the F1 female offspring. Expression of HOXA10 and α-SMA which are important for uterine integrity and functions, were found to be altered at PND 75. Increased pre-implantation loss (PIL%), post-implantation loss (POL%), and reduced litter size in F1 females when cohabitated with unexposed fertile male rats were observed. Overall, perinatal exposure of pregnant rats to CYP led to significant long lasting effects on the reproductive functions of F1 female offspring. The adverse effects were passed on to F2 generation via female germ line and posed developmental anomalies. The present finding necessitates additional molecular studies to understand its trans-generational mechanism of action via female germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipty Singh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
| | - Delna Irani
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sharad Bhagat
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Geeta Vanage
- Department of Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
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Zhang K, Weng H, Yang J, Wu C. Protective effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pill on cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity in male mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112269. [PMID: 31610261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cisplatin (CP) is the classical chemotherapeutic drug for various cancer, but it also accompanies reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity. Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LW) is the traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating Kidney-Yin deficiency syndrome, which has been reported to prevent and treat various diseases. However, the protective effect of LW on CP-induced reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential protective effect and mechanism of LW on CP-induced reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity in male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were given LW (0.4, 1.2 and 3.6 g/kg) or Vitamin C (0.1 g/kg) once daily by oral gavage for thirteen consecutive days. Then, CP (3.00 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneal injection once daily for five consecutive days starting on the ninth day. The protective effects of LW against CP-induced reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated by body weight, testis ratio, sperm count, sperm viability, sperm abnormal morphology type, micronuclei test, testicular histopathology, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) level. RESULTS The results demonstrated that LW could significantly increase CP-induced the reduction of sperm count and sperm viability, then decrease abnormal sperm type rate and micronucleus rate. Moreover, LW also could improve testicular abnormal histopathologic morphology induced by CP exposure. Meanwhile, LW decreased serum MDA level and increased T-SOD, GSH-Px and CAT level compared to CP group. CONCLUSION our findings show that LW has protective effects on CP-induced reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity. LW decreases serum MDA level and increases T-SOD, GSH-Px and CAT level, which indicates that antioxidant activity may be the potential mechanism of LW to resist reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Huili Weng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Chengde Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Chengde, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China.
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Zhou L, Chang J, Zhou M, Xiao M, Tan H. [Cypermethrin induces cell injury in primary cortical neurons of C57BL/6 mice by inhibiting Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:1469-1475. [PMID: 31907151 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of cerebral cortex neurons in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS The cortical neurons of C57BL/6 mice were cultured and identified, and a cypermethrin-induced cell injury model was established by treating the cells with 0, 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L of cypermethrin for 48 h. CCK-8 assay was used to analyze the effects of cypermethrin on the cell viability, and the fluorescence probe DCFH-DA was used for detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS); flow cytometry was performed for determining the apoptosis rate of the cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2 and its downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1 were detected using qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Exposure to cypermethrin at different doses inhibited the viability of the cultured cortical neurons. With the increase of cypermethrin dose, the viability of the neurons decreased progressively, the intracellular ROS and the cell apoptosis rate increased, and the neuronal injury worsened. At the dose of 50 and 100 μmol/L, cypermethrin significantly down-regulated the expressions of HO-1, NQO1 and Nrf2 at both the mRNA and protein levels in the cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cypermethrin exposure shows a dose-dependent neurotoxicity by inhibiting Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, down-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes HO-1, NQO1 mRNA and protein, and inducing oxidative damage and apoptosis in primary mouse cortical neurons, .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhou
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China, 233030
| | - Jianrong Chang
- Scientific Research Center, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China, 233030
| | - Mengqing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China, 233030
| | - Mengxi Xiao
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China, 233030
| | - Handan Tan
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China, 233030
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Pannu N, Bhatnagar A. Combinatorial therapeutic effect of resveratrol and piperine on murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:401-424. [PMID: 31732838 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-system inflammatory disease associated with autoantibody formation. Clinical management of lupus is associated with multiple adverse events. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin with several pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the combinatorial effect of resveratrol (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) and its bio-enhancer piperine (1/10th dose of resveratrol) on pristane-induced SLE murine model. Mice were injected with 0.5 ml of pristane and after 2 months they were orally dosed with resveratrol combinations for 4 months. Determined by indirect immunofluorescence, resveratrol was unable to abrogate autoantibody formation. The increased IFN-α, IL-6 and TNF-α was mitigated by low dose of resveratrol and piperine (RP-1). None of the doses regulated the increase in nitric oxide. Lipogranulomas associated with injected pristane were not observed after RP-1 and high dose of resveratrol (Res-2) treatment. Lupus mice witnessed IgG and IgM immune complexes by direct immunofluorescence assay and associated histopathological observations in kidneys, liver, lung, spleen and skin. None of the treatment regimens were able to regulate the manifestations observed in spleen and skin. RP-1 and Res-2 proved beneficial in kidney, liver and lungs and were able to ameliorate lupus associated manifestations. Renal manifestations (proteinuria and decreased creatinine in urine) were successfully mitigated by RP-1 and Res-2 and high dose combination of resveratrol and piperine. Oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species by flowcytometry and catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation by biochemical analysis) was evident by pristane injection. These were regulated by different doses of resveratrol alone and in combination with piperine. Hence, resveratrol when used in combination with piperine successfully reduces some measures of morbidity with little or no effect on mortality associated with lupus.
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Targeting ERK/COX-2 signaling pathway in permethrin-induced testicular toxicity: a possible modulating effect of matrine. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:247-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang Q, Wang HX, Shen JY, Zhang R, Hong JW, Li Z, Chen G, Li MX, Ding Z, Li J, Zhang JP, Zhang MR, Xu LC. The anti-androgenic effects of cypermethrin mediated by non-classical testosterone pathway activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in mouse Sertoli cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 177:58-65. [PMID: 30974244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the anti-androgenic effects of cypermethrin (CYP) are associated with testosterone (T) - related signaling pathway. This study was to investigate the effects of CYP on mouse Sertoli cells (TM4) and clarify whether the mechanisms were mediated by non-classical T signaling pathway activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and Real-Time Cell Analysis iCELLigence (RTCA-iCELLigence) system were performed to detect the effects of 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM and 80 μM CYP on the viability and proliferation of TM4. The mammalian two hybrid assay, quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were conducted to analyze the key genes and proteins involved in T-mediated MAPK signaling pathway. CYP was found to inhibit the viability and proliferation of TM4. Additionally, CYP disturbed the functions of Sertoli cells by inhibiting inhibin B (INH B) expression and facilitating androgen binding protein (ABP) and transferrin (TF) expression. Moreover, CYP suppressed the interaction of AR and Src kinase and inhibited androgen-mediated phosphorylation of Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, the androgen-induced mRNA and protein expression of CREB-regulated gene early growth response factor (Egr1) decreased after treated with CYP. It is indicated that CYP inhibits the viability and proliferation of Sertoli cells and non-classical T signaling pathway activation of MAPK cascade is involved in anti-androgenic effect of CYP. This study provides a novel insight into the CYP-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Heng-Xue Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Jun-Yu Shen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Jia-Wei Hong
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Meng-Xue Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Li-Chun Xu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
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Akinsomisoye OS, Gupta G, Raji Y. Experimental dapsone administration induces infertility in male Wistar rats: Mechanisms and clinical implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:289-303. [PMID: 31387782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dapsone (4, 4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, DDS) is a potent anti-inflammatory and antibacterial compound which has been used in the treatment of leprosy, vasculitis and dermatitis herpetiformis, lupus erythematosus profundus and even as an antimalarial in combination with proguanil. This study investigated the effect of the administration of dapsone on the reproductive activities of male rats using in vivo and in vitro techniques. In the in vivo study, dapsone was administered orally to male Wistar rats for 5 days or 6 weeks after which their body weight, relative reproductive organ weights, sperm parameters and reproductive hormones were determined while testicular and epididymal histology were also assessed. Data were compared using analysis of variance and Students-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. For the in vitro study, Sertoli cells were cultured and treated with varying doses of dapsone at different durations, thereafter Sertoli cell viability and nuclei integrity were determined. Also, the genetic expressions of Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and transferrin were assessed. The results obtained from the in vivo study showed a duration-dependent significant decrease in body and reproductive organ weights, sperm parameters and serum testosterone concentration. Testicular and epididymal histology also showed duration-dependent degenerative changes. However, all these changes were restored towards control values in the recovery experiment. The viability and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity of the treated Sertoli cells showed dose and duration-dependent adverse effects while GDNF and transferrin showed normal genetic expressions. These results suggest that dapsone could induce male reproductive stress by affecting testicular and epididymal structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopal Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, 226001 Lucknow, India.
| | - Yinusa Raji
- Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, 900001 Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Chen L, Wang D, Zhang W, Wang F, Zhang L, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhou Z, Diao J. Ecological risk assessment of alpha-cypermethrin-treated food ingestion and reproductive toxicity in reptiles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:657-664. [PMID: 30658301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are proposed as one of the many causes for the global decline in reptile population. To understand the potential impact of alpha-cypermethrin (ACP) in reptiles, in the current study, we used a tri-trophic food web (plants - herbivores - natural enemies of predators) to examine the reproductive toxicity and biomarker changes. Based on the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of ACP in several agricultural products, we designed three concentrations 0, 2 (MRL), and 20 mg/kg wet weight as three treatment groups for this research. Male and female lizards were fed ACP contaminated or uncontaminated diets for eight weeks during the breeding phase. The number of deaths was different among the three groups, and a dose-dependent trend was found. Decreases in food consumption of 26.6% and 28.1% were observed in the low- and high-dose group, respectively. Dietary exposure significantly induced a dose-dependent decrease in body mass index in lizards. Significant variations in glutathione-S-transferaseb activities, catalase activities, and malondialdehyde levels in gonads, suggest that lizards were under oxidative stress. In addition, ACP exposure altered sexual hormone levels in males, reduced reproductive output of females, and induced histopathological changes in testes. These negative effects highlight that ACP dietary exposure is a potential threat to lizards' reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China.
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Turkmen R, Birdane YO, Demirel HH, Kabu M, Ince S. Protective effects of resveratrol on biomarkers of oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological changes induced by sub-chronic oral glyphosate-based herbicide in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:238-245. [PMID: 30997023 PMCID: PMC6417488 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00287h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this sub-chronic toxicity study is to determine the protective effects of Resveratrol (Res) on oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological changes induced by glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in the blood, brain, heart, liver and renal tissues. A total of 28 male Wistar rats were equally divided into 4 groups so that each group included 7 rats. In the study, Group I (control group) was given normal rodent feed and tap water ad libitum. Group II (Res group) was given Res 20 mg kg-1, Group III (GBH group) was given GBH of 375 mg kg-1 to achieve 1/10 of Lethal Dose 50% (LD50), and Group IV (Res + GBH) was given Res 20 mg kg-1 and GBH 375 mg kg-1 with oral gavage once a day for 8 weeks. While GBH decreased the glutathione (GSH) levels in the blood, brain, heart, liver and renal tissues, it significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In contrast, the aforementioned parameters were seen to recover in the group to which Res was administered. Moreover, it was observed that Res improved the histopathological changes induced by GBH in rat tissues. In conclusion, Res prevents oxidative stress caused by GBH by preventing lipid peroxidation (LPO) and boosting the antioxidant defense system and decreases the damage in the brain, heart, liver and renal tissues of Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Turkmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Afyon Kocatepe , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey . ; ; ; Tel: +90272281312-2798
| | - Yavuz Osman Birdane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Afyon Kocatepe , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey . ; ; ; Tel: +90272281312-2798
| | - Hasan Huseyin Demirel
- Department of Laboratory and Veterinary Health , Bayat Vocational School , Afyon Kocatepe University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kabu
- Department of Internal Medicine , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Afyon Kocatepe , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Sinan Ince
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Afyon Kocatepe , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey . ; ; ; Tel: +90272281312-2798
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Khaki A, Rajabzadeh A, Khaki AA. Side Effects of Pyrethroid and Supporting Role of Onion in the Male Rat's Spermatogenesis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:3015-3016. [PMID: 29237942 PMCID: PMC5742937 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.220297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Khaki
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Rajabzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Department of Anatomical Science, Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Avdatek F, Birdane YO, Türkmen R, Demirel HH. Ameliorative effect of resveratrol on testicular oxidative stress, spermatological parameters and DNA damage in glyphosate-based herbicide-exposed rats. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13036. [PMID: 29761542 DOI: 10.1111/and.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the reproductive impacts of being exposed to glyphosate (GLF) and the protective impacts of resveratrol (RES) were assessed in 28 Wistar male rats, which were equally separated into four groups. Control group were fed normal diet without GLF or RES, group II received normal feed containing 20 mg kg-1 daily-1 RES, group III received normal feed containing 375 mg kg-1 daily-1 GLF, and group IV received normal feed containing 375 mg kg-1 daily-1 GLF+20 mg kg-1 daily-1 RES. GLF administration decreased sperm motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity, glutathione level and superoxide dismutase in the testicular tissue of rats. On the other hand, abnormal sperm rate, malondialdehyde level, and DNA damage were detected to be high in the group treated with GLF. The findings indicate that RES protects spermatological parameters and DNA damage, decreases GLF-induced lipid peroxidation, improves the antioxidant defence mechanism and regenerates tissue damage in the testis of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Avdatek
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Y O Birdane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - R Türkmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - H H Demirel
- Department of Laborant and Veterinary Health, Bayat Vocational School, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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42
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Tabeshpour J, Mehri S, Shaebani Behbahani F, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of Vitis vinifera
(grapes) and one of its biologically active constituents, resveratrol, against natural and chemical toxicities: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2164-2190. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Tabeshpour
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Neurocognitive Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaebani Behbahani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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43
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Archana D, Supriya C, Girish B, Kishori B, Reddy PS. Alleviative effect of resveratrol on polyvinyl chloride-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:173-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Owagboriaye FO, Dedeke GA, Ashidi JS, Aladesida AA, Olooto WE. Effect of gasoline fumes on reproductive function in male albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4309-4319. [PMID: 29181751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the frequency of exposure to gasoline fumes and the growing incidence of infertility among humans has been a major concern and subject of discussion over the years in Nigeria. We therefore present the reproductive effect of gasoline fumes on inhalation exposure in 40 male albino rats. The rats were randomized into five experimental treatments (T) with eight rats per treatment. T1 (control) was exposed to distilled water while T2, T3, T4, and T5 were exposed to gasoline fumes in exposure chambers for 1, 3, 5, and 9 h daily respectively for 12 weeks. Serum level of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, oxidative stress markers in the testicular tissue, epididymal sperm health assessment, and testicular histopathology of the rats were used as a diagnostic marker of reproductive dysfunction. Significant (p < 0.05) alterations in the levels of all the reproductive hormones and oxidative stress markers assayed were observed in rats exposed to gasoline fume. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in sperm count and percentage motility in the exposed rats were observed. Significant (p < 0.05) increased in abnormal sperm cells characterized by damaged head, bent tail, damaged tail, and without head were also observed in the exposed rats. Histopathologically, severe degenerative testicular architectural lesions characterized by alterations in all the generations of sperm cells and reduction of interstitial cells were seen in the exposed rats. Gasoline fume is thus said to interfere with spermatogenesis and impair fertility in male gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folarin O Owagboriaye
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago- Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Gabriel A Dedeke
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph S Ashidi
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago- Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka A Aladesida
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Wasiu E Olooto
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Calderón-Segura ME, Gómez-Arroyo S, Cortés-Eslava J, Martínez-Valenzuela C, Mojica-Vázquez LH, Sosa-López M, Flores-Ramírez D, Romero-Velázquez ZE. In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Furia®180 SC (zeta-cypermethrin) and Bulldock 125®SC (β-cyfluthrin) pyrethroid insecticides in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:268-278. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1402977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Calderón-Segura
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gómez-Arroyo
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Josefina Cortés-Eslava
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Humberto Mojica-Vázquez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Magdiel Sosa-López
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Flores-Ramírez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Zaira Edtih Romero-Velázquez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Sharma P, Aslam Khan I, Singh R. Curcumin and Quercetin Ameliorated Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin-Induced Reproductive System Impairment in Male Wistar Rats by Upregulating The Activity of Pituitary-Gonadal Hormones and Steroidogenic Enzymes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2018; 12:72-80. [PMID: 29334211 PMCID: PMC5767937 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2018.5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Dietary antioxidants protect tissues and organs against insecticides/xenobiotic-induced damage.
In the present study, we evaluated the results of exposure to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, cypermethrin
(Cyp) and deltamethrin (Del) and possible protective effects of curcumin and quercetin on reproductive system
in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods In this controlled experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7
groups of 6 animals. Group A served as control, group B was exposed to Cyp (2 mg/kg.bw), group C was exposed
to Del (2 mg/kg.bw), group D was exposed to Cyp+Del (2 mg/kg.bw each), group E was exposed to Cyp+Del and
treated with curcumin (100 mg/kg.bw), group F was exposed to Cyp+Del and treated with quercetin (100 mg/kg.bw)
and group G was exposed to Cyp+Del and treated with quercetin+curcumin for 45 days. Results Exposure to Cyp and Del caused decreases in reproductive organs weight, sperm count, sperm motility,
level of sex hormones viz. testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH),
steroidogenic enzymes viz. 3β-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β-HSD, non-enzymatic antioxi-
dant glutathione (GSH) and enzymatic antioxidants viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione
peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity and increases in sperm
abnormalities and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The exposure also adversely affected the histo-achitecture of testes.
Single and combined treatment with curcumin and quercetin significantly ameliorated Cyp and Del-induced damage
in reproductive system. Conclusion Curcumin and quercetin protected against Cyp and Del-induced reproductive system toxicity and
oxidative damage in rats. The increases in activities of 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD with concomitant increases in
testosterone were mainly responsible for ameliorating effects of curcumin and quercetin. Curcumin showed
slightly better activity as compared to quercetin. The combination of both antioxidants offered more protection
compared to each one alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Irshad Aslam Khan
- Department of Zoology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rambir Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Özatik FY, Özatik O, Yiğitaslan S, Ünel ÇÇ, Erol K. Protective role of resveratrol on testicular germ cells in mice with testicular toxicity. Turk J Urol 2017; 43:444-450. [PMID: 29201506 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2017.34101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of resveratrol in mice subjected to vinyl cyclohexene dieposide (VCD) -induced testicular toxicity. Material and methods A total of thirty- six Swiss albino male mice aged 28-days were used in the present study. The study was composed of two stages where mice which received or did not receive VCD (320 mg/kg/day) were administered resveratrol. The animals were assigned into control and resveratrol-treated groups in the first stage and into groups of VCD- and VCD+resveratrol-treated groups in the second stage. At the end of the experiments, relative testicular weight (TW/BW) and dry/wet weight of testis (TDW/TWW) were calculated. Histological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical staining by BAX and Bcl-2 were performed. Serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels were measured by a commercially available ELISA kit. Results Resveratrol caused a dose-dependent increase in TW/BW and decrease in TDW/TWW (p<0.05). Resveratrol at a dose of 20 mg/kg resulted in an improvement in testosterone, LH and FSH levels in mice with VCD-induced testicular toxicity (p<0.001). Resveratrol also improved apoptotic index and epithelial cell height of testicular seminipherous tubuli significantly after VCD exposure (p<0.001). Conclusion Results of the present study suggest that resveratrol can be used as a protective and/or therapeutic agent particularly for cases with male infertility caused by testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orhan Özatik
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Ahi Evran University School of Medicine, Kırsehir, Turkey
| | - Semra Yiğitaslan
- Department of Pharmacology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Çengelli Ünel
- Department of Pharmacology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Kevser Erol
- Department of Pharmacology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Laugeray A, Herzine A, Perche O, Richard O, Montecot-Dubourg C, Menuet A, Mazaud-Guittot S, Lesné L, Jegou B, Mortaud S. In utero and lactational exposure to low-doses of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin leads to neurodevelopmental defects in male mice-An ethological and transcriptomic study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184475. [PMID: 29020013 PMCID: PMC5636066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that developmental exposure to environmental chemicals may modify the course of brain development, ultimately leading to neuropsychiatric / neurodegenerative disorders later in life. In the present study, we assessed the impact of one of the most frequently used pesticides in both residential and agricultural applications − the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP) − on developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Female mice were perinatally exposed to low doses of CYP (5 and 20 mg/kg body weight) from gestation to postnatal day 15. Behavioral analyses were performed during the offspring’s early life and during adulthood. Postnatal analyses revealed that perinatal exposure to CYP disturbed motor development without modifying sensory and communicative skills. We found that later in life, CYP-exposed offspring expressed maladaptive behaviors in response to highly challenging tasks and abnormal sociability. Transcriptomic analyses performed in the offspring’s brain at the end of the exposure, highlighted mitochondrial dysfunction as a relevant pathomechanism underlying CYP-induced DNT. Interestingly, several genes involved in proteostasis maintenance were also shown to be dysregulated suggesting that alterations in biogenesis, folding, trafficking and degradation of proteins may significantly contribute to CYP-related DNT. From a regulatory perspective, this study highlights that behavioral and transcriptomic analyses are complementary tools providing useful direction for better DNT characterization, and as such, should be used together more systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Laugeray
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires – UMR7355 CNRS – Orléans, France
- * E-mail: (AL); (SM)
| | - Ameziane Herzine
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires – UMR7355 CNRS – Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires – UMR7355 CNRS – Orléans, France
- Département de génétique, Center Hospitalier Régional, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Richard
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires – UMR7355 CNRS – Orléans, France
| | - Céline Montecot-Dubourg
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires – UMR7355 CNRS – Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires – UMR7355 CNRS – Orléans, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Jegou
- IRSET INSERM U 1085, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Mortaud
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires – UMR7355 CNRS – Orléans, France
- * E-mail: (AL); (SM)
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Saillenfait AM, Sabaté JP, Denis F, Antoine G, Robert A, Roudot AC, Ndiaye D, Eljarrat E. Evaluation of the effects of α-cypermethrin on fetal rat testicular steroidogenesis. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Marettova E, Maretta M, Legáth J. Effect of pyrethroids on female genital system. Review. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 184:132-138. [PMID: 28735887 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids have been associated with a range of toxicological effects on various organs in animals.Recent animal studies suggest that neurodevelopmental, reproductive, and immunological effects may result following exposure to some pyrethroids at levels below those that induce overt signs of neurotoxicity. A variety of pyrethroids and their metabolites have the potential to affect the reproductive system. Dose-dependent effects on reproduction are associated with exposure across pyrethroid types. In mammals, permethrin and tetramethrin and cypermethrin have been found to be associated with adverse effects at high doses. Fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, caused morphometric and structural changes in the female genital organs. These pyrethroids affect ovulation, cause atresia of follicles, decrease the number of follicular cells, oocytes and corpora lutea and induce vesicular atrophy of the endometrial glands. The potential hormonal activity of pyrethroids showed that certain pyrethroids and their metabolites have multiple effects on the endocrine system. The level of steroid hormones, such as progesterone and estradiol, was inhibited. The pyrethorids may have the potential to mimic estrogens or to inhibit estrogen action. Some metabolites of pyrethroids, in particular permethrin and cypermethrin, are more likely to interact with the cellular estrogen receptors than the parent pyrethroids. Though several pyrethroids posses low toxicity, some pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and bifenthrin have showed considerable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marettova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Milan Maretta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Legáth
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
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