1
|
Shetty V, Mathai MJ, Ali IM. Multiple Tubercular Intestinal Perforations: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e66352. [PMID: 39246992 PMCID: PMC11378003 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tuberculosis (TB) is a frequently encountered pathology by surgeons all over India. There exists a vast body of knowledge about this disease; however, a detailed understanding of its presentation as well as surgical management is essential for every Indian surgeon, given its rampant nature. This report discusses the case of a 28-year-old female presenting with severe left upper abdominal pain, non-bilious vomiting, and fever, who was ultimately diagnosed with small bowel TB leading to perforations. Despite a history of pulmonary TB treated a year prior, the patient exhibited significant clinical and imaging findings, including pneumoperitoneum and peritonitis. Exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple tubercular perforations in the mid-jejunum and a stricture causing proximal jejunal dilatation. Surgical intervention involved resection of the affected segment and end-to-end anastomosis. Histopathological analysis confirmed TB as the cause. This case underscores the importance of considering TB in the differential diagnosis of small bowel perforations and highlights the critical role of timely surgical intervention and comprehensive management in improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Shetty
- General Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Pimpri, Pune, IND
| | - Mathew John Mathai
- General Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Pimpri, Pune, IND
| | - Iqbal M Ali
- General Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Pimpri, Pune, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sethi G, Varghese RP, Lakra AK, Nayak SS, Krishna R, Hwang JH. Immunoinformatics and structural aided approach to develop multi-epitope based subunit vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15923. [PMID: 38987613 PMCID: PMC11237054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which is one of the prominent reasons for the death of millions worldwide. The bacterium has a substantially higher mortality rate than other bacterial diseases, and the rapid rise of drug-resistant strains only makes the situation more concerning. Currently, the only licensed vaccine BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is ineffective in preventing adult pulmonary tuberculosis prophylaxis and latent tuberculosis re-activation. Therefore, there is a pressing need to find novel and safe vaccines that provide robust immune defense and have various applications. Vaccines that combine epitopes from multiple candidate proteins have been shown to boost immunity against Mtb infection. This study applies an immunoinformatic strategy to generate an adequate multi-epitope immunization against Mtb employing five antigenic proteins. Potential B-cell, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and helper T lymphocyte epitopes were speculated from the intended proteins and coupled with 50 s ribosomal L7/L12 adjuvant, and the vaccine was constructed. The vaccine's physicochemical profile demonstrates antigenic, soluble, and non-allergic. In the meantime, docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and essential dynamics analysis revealed that the multi-epitope vaccine structure interacted strongly with Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR3). MM-PBSA analysis was performed to ascertain the system's intermolecular binding free energies accurately. The immune simulation was applied to the vaccine to forecast its immunogenic profile. Finally, in silico cloning was used to validate the vaccine's efficacy. The immunoinformatics analysis suggests the multi-epitope vaccine could induce specific immune responses, making it a potential candidate against Mtb. However, validation through the in-vivo study of the developed vaccine is essential to assess its efficacy and immunogenicity profile, which will assure active protection against Mtb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guneswar Sethi
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Avinash Kant Lakra
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | | | - Ramadas Krishna
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jorwal P, Singh BK, Anand A, Khan F, Khandelwal K, Nischal N, Soneja M, Sethi P, Dhawan S, Wig N. Evaluation of GeneNAT Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Analyzer and Pre-loaded Chip-Based Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Detection in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e65067. [PMID: 39171009 PMCID: PMC11336262 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is still the second causative agent of death worldwide after COVID-19. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to compare the performance of GeneNAT real-time polymerase chain reaction analyzer and pre-loaded chip-based MTB screening and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) detection kit (Smart SureTM MTB & MDR-TB, Genetix Biotech Asia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India) against the established WHO-approved GeneXpert Ultra (MTB/rifampicin (RIF)), line probe assay (LPA), and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture at point of care (POC) level. METHODS A total of 450 pulmonary TB (PTB) suspect patients were enrolled from October 2023 to March 2024 at the Intermediate Reference Laboratory, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. GeneXpert and GeneNAT tests were done directly from sputum specimens. However, processed sputum specimens were used for both LPA (GenoType MTBDRplus) and liquid culture and drug susceptibility testing (MGIT culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST)). RESULTS On comparing with GeneXpert, for the detection of MTB and rifampicin (RIF), Smart SureTM showed a sensitivity of 98.18% and 97.5% with a specificity of 100% and 98.92%, respectively. While comparing mutations in the rpoB gene with LPA, the Smart SureTM MDR-TB kit exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 96.77% and 99.12%, respectively. For katG and inhA genes, sensitivity and specificity were 97.6% & 85.71% and 98.66% & 98.01%, respectively, for both genes. Smart SureTM MDR-TB showed comparable results with MGIT-DST with sensitivity and specificity of 96.88% & 96.15% and 98.99% & 99.02%, respectively, for both RIF and isoniazid (INH) drugs. CONCLUSION The GeneNAT system test may provide the status of RIF and INH resistance in PTB cases in a short time with the use of minimal specimens. It required very little infrastructure with less skilled laboratory staff in comparison with other WHO-approved diagnostics used in resource-limited countries with TB and drug-resistant TB burdens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jorwal
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Binit K Singh
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Ankita Anand
- Microbiology, New Delhi Tuberculosis Centre, New Delhi, IND
| | - Faisal Khan
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Krisha Khandelwal
- Infectious Diseases, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, IND
| | - Neeraj Nischal
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Manish Soneja
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Prayas Sethi
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Shikha Dhawan
- Public Health, SHARE (Society for Health Allied Research and Education) India, New Delhi, IND
| | - Naveet Wig
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khairullah AR, Moses IB, Kusala MKJ, Tyasningsih W, Ayuti SR, Rantam FA, Fauziah I, Silaen OSM, Puspitasari Y, Aryaloka S, Raharjo HM, Hasib A, Yanestria SM, Nurhidayah N. Unveiling insights into bovine tuberculosis: A comprehensive review. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1330-1344. [PMID: 39055751 PMCID: PMC11268907 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The frequent zoonotic disease known as "bovine tuberculosis" is brought on by the Mycobacterium bovis bacteria, which can infect both people and animals. The aim of this review article is to provide an explanation of the etiology, history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of bovine tuberculosis. Primarily, bovine tuberculosis affects cattle, but other animals may also be affected. Bovine tuberculosis is present throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Cattle that contract bovine tuberculosis might suffer from a persistent, crippling illness. In the early stages of the disease, there are no symptoms. The tuberculin test is the primary method for detecting bovine tuberculosis in cows. Depending on its localized site in the infected animal, M. bovis can be found in respiratory secretions, milk, urine, feces, vaginal secretions, semen, feces, and exudates from lesions (such as lymph node drainage and some skin lesions). This illness generally lowers cattle productivity and could have a negative financial impact on the livestock business, particularly the dairy industry. The most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy consists of isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, and streptomycin. Second-line drugs used against bovine tuberculosis include ethionamide, capreomycin, thioacetazone, and cycloserine. To successfully control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, developed nations have implemented routine testing and culling of infected animals under national mandatory programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rani Ayuti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ima Fauziah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yulianna Puspitasari
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Suhita Aryaloka
- Master Program of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | | | - Nanis Nurhidayah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu Y, Lin H, Gao Z, Guo R, Kan YC, Han LY, Bu WH, Wang Z, Asilebieke A, Han LX, Li C, He F, Chu JJ. Injectable isoniazid-loaded bone cement based on hydrazone bonds achieving long-term release and decent mechanical properties. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4389-4397. [PMID: 38623831 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02661b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A robust and easily manufactured high-strength and long-term release hydrazone-based isoniazid acrylic (HIA) bone cement is reported. The mechanical strength of HIA bone cement is similar to that of normal polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, far surpassing that of traditional isoniazid-containing antibiotic-loaded bone cement (INH bone cement). Isoniazid is connected to the bone cement through bioorthogonal hydrazone chemistry, and it possesses release properties superior to those of INH bone cement, allowing for the sustained release of isoniazid for up to 12 weeks. In vivo and in vitro studies also indicate that HIA cement exhibits better biocompatibility than INH bone cement. The results of this study not only signify progress in the realm of antimicrobial bone cement for addressing bone tuberculosis but also enhance our capacity to create and comprehend high-performing antimicrobial bone cement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Hefei BOE Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Shanghai University Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230013, China.
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Yu-Chen Kan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Lu-Yang Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Wen-Han Bu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hefei BOE Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Shanghai University Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230013, China.
| | - Ayakuzi Asilebieke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Long-Xu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Chuang Li
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Hefei BOE Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Shanghai University Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230013, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roy P, Das A, Panda A, T S, Priyadarshani A, Patro BK. India marching towards TB elimination: How far we are. Indian J Tuberc 2024; 71:213-218. [PMID: 38589126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. India shares twenty five percent of total tuberculosis population. Programmatic approach to fight against tuberculosis started in this country in the form of National Tuberculosis Program (NTP). In due course of time India adopted many strategic changes in its fight against tuberculosis. The current program named National tuberculosis elimination program (NTEP) has been set up to eliminate TB by 2025. There are some challenges which India need to overcome to achieve its target five years ahead of the sustainable development goals. Insufficient budget, inadequate diagnostic facilities, under-reporting, low success rate, high dropout rate, social stigma are some of the major challenges in the path to achieve a TB elimination status. Besides that, all the backlogs demand for swift performance in identification, notification, and treatment of TB cases. India has all the potential to eliminate tuberculosis. Strengthening of health system, mainstreaming of private sectors, enhancing diagnostic facilities, inclusion of latest diagnostic techniques, addressing social hindrances, and advocacy for higher budget are some of the program strengthening measures, if followed properly, can take India towards a TB free status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payel Roy
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Ambarish Das
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashutosh Panda
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shivya T
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - A Priyadarshani
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Binod Kumar Patro
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Das P, Gumma SR, Nayak A, Menghani S, Mandhadi JR, Prabhu PP. A Rational Approach To Antitubercular Drug Design: Molecular Docking, Prediction of ADME Properties and Evaluation of Antitubercular Activity of Novel Isonicotinamide Scaffold. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 19:148-158. [PMID: 37723955 DOI: 10.2174/2772434418666230710142852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most devastating and leading diseases is Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Even though many synthetic drugs are available in the market, to increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxicity. Isoniazid is the primary drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. METHODS The main objective of the study is to perform molecular docking studies and synthesize the derivatives of isonicotinamide along with the anti-tubercular activity. The isonicotinamide derivatives (a-j) are prepared using isoniazid, carbon disulphate, methyl cyanide, and benzaldehyde derivatives and characterized by TLC, IR, 1HNMR, and Mass spectroscopy. The enzyme decaprenylphosphoryl-D-ribose oxidase (DprE1) of M. tuberculosis had good binding capacity with all the ligands revealed in molecular docking studies. In-vitro studies indicated that all the ligands showed anti-tuberculosis with strain M. tuberculosis. RESULTS The analysis was based on the binding energy and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The highest and lowest binding energy is -4.22 Kcal/mol (f) and -8.45 Kcal/mol (d), and the MIC for compound d was found to be 644.22 nM. Among all the ligands, compound 5d has the most cytotoxic effect and lower IC50 values and better bioavailability. CONCLUSION This investigation helps in the development of better anti-tubercular therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore- 560035, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanakumar R Gumma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore- 560035, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore- 560035, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil Menghani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore- 560035, Karnataka, India
| | - Jithendar R Mandhadi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Madhab Path, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India
| | - Padmavathi P Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, 560077, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Babele P, Midha MK, Rao KVS, Kumar A. Temporal Profiling of Host Proteome against Different M. tuberculosis Strains Reveals Delayed Epigenetic Orchestration. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2998. [PMID: 38138142 PMCID: PMC10745383 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from being preventable and treatable, tuberculosis is the deadliest bacterial disease afflicting humankind owing to its ability to evade host defence responses, many of which are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we report the temporal dynamics of the proteome of macrophage-like host cells after infecting them for 6, 18, 30, and 42 h with two laboratory strains (H37Ra and H37Rv) and two clinical strains (BND433 and JAL2287) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Using SWATH-MS, the proteins characterized at the onset of infection broadly represented oxidative stress and cell cytoskeleton processes. Intermediary and later stages of infection are accompanied by a reshaping of the combination of proteins implicated in histone stability, gene expression, and protein trafficking. This study provides strain-specific and time-specific variations in the proteome of the host, which might further the development of host-directed therapeutics and diagnostic tools against the pathogen. Also, our findings accentuate the importance of proteomic tools in delineating the complex recalibration of the host defence enabled as an effect of MTB infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive proteomic account of the host response to avirulent and virulent strains of MTB at different time periods of the life span of macrophage-like cells. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE repository with the dataset identifier PXD022352.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Babele
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, India; (P.B.); (K.V.S.R.)
| | | | - Kanury V. S. Rao
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, India; (P.B.); (K.V.S.R.)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, India; (P.B.); (K.V.S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hemeda LR, El Hassab MA, Abdelgawad MA, Khaleel EF, Abdel-Aziz MM, Binjubair FA, Al-Rashood ST, Eldehna WM, El-Ashrey MK. Discovery of pyrimidine-tethered benzothiazole derivatives as novel anti-tubercular agents towards multi- and extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2250575. [PMID: 37649381 PMCID: PMC10472891 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2250575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, new benzothiazole-pyrimidine hybrids (5a-c, 6, 7a-f, and 8-15) were designed and synthesised. Two different functionalities on the pyrimidine moiety of lead compound 4 were subjected to a variety of chemical changes with the goal of creating various functionalities and cyclisation to further elucidate the target structures. The potency of the new molecules was tested against different tuberculosis (TB) strains. The results indicated that compounds 5c, 5b, 12, and 15 (MIC = 0.24-0.98 µg/mL) are highly active against the first-line drug-sensitive strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 25177). Thereafter, the anti-tubercular activity was evaluated against the two drug-resistant TB strains; ATCC 35822 and RCMB 2674, where, many compounds exhibited good activity with MIC = 0.98-62.5 3 µg/mL and 3.9-62.5 µg/mL, respectively. Compounds 5c and 15 having the highest anti-tubercular efficiency towards sensitive strain, displayed the best activity for the resistant strains by showing the MIC = 0.98 and 1.95 µg/mL for MDR TB, and showing the MIC = 3.9 and 7.81 µg/mL for XDR TB, consecutively. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed for the two most active compounds 5c and 15 to explore their enzymatic inhibitory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loah R. Hemeda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Eman F. Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology & Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faizah A. Binjubair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shekhar, Alcaraz M, Seboletswe P, Manhas N, Kremer L, Singh P, Kumar V. Tailoring selective triclosan azo-adducts: Design, synthesis, and anti-mycobacterial evaluation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22182. [PMID: 38034623 PMCID: PMC10685269 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of triclosan azo-adducts were synthesized to investigate their structure-activity relationship against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The series' most potent compound was four and sixteen times more active than triclosan and rifabutin against drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus, respectively, while being less cytotoxic to human macrophages than triclosan on day one. Additionally, one of the azo-adducts was twice as efficient against M. tuberculosis as triclosan and twice as effective against Mycobacterium marinum as isoniazid. Furthermore, the synthesized azo-adducts were equally effective against M. abscessus strains overexpressing InhA, suggesting that these compounds work through a distinct mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Matthéo Alcaraz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Pule Seboletswe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Neha Manhas
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramalingam G, Jayaraman S, Khan JM, Ahmed MZ, Ahmad A, Manickan E, Rajagopal P. Exploring recombinant secretory proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to develop a serological platform for tuberculosis diagnosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126769. [PMID: 37678677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The lack of a sensitive diagnostic tool for tuberculosis (TB) is the main reason for increasing cause of death in many developing countries. The routine diagnostic tests are either time-consuming or equivocal in terms of results. Hence, there is a need for quicker and accurate diagnostic tests. Certain studies have documented the usage of proteins secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in developing a sensitive tool for diagnosing TB. The study aimed to employ PPE41, MPT53, LPQH, CFP10, ESAT6 and TB18.5 proteins and analyze their usage as early diagnostic markers. The proteins were cloned, expressed, purified and applied in ELISA platforms in separate as well as combined systems to assess their early diagnostic features. The results of our study revealed that a cocktail of all six antigen combinations was identified in the maximum number of TB cases. Thus, proteins such as PPE41, MPT53, LPQH, CFP10, ESAT6, and TB18.5 incorporated detection tools could be optimized for an improvised early detection of MTB infections. Moreover, the results suggested that 95.7 % of the MTB-positive serum samples reacted with all the selected antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while the control serum samples did not react with those antigens. The hexavalent antigen system yielded a novel ELISA platform for better diagnosing MTB infections. Our study yielded a novel technology to diagnose TB, which warrants testing in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Ramalingam
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elanchezhiyan Manickan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600 095, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mancuso G, Midiri A, De Gaetano S, Ponzo E, Biondo C. Tackling Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: New Challenges from the Old Pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2277. [PMID: 37764122 PMCID: PMC10537529 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have played a crucial role in the reduction in the incidence of TB globally as evidenced by the fact that before the mid-20th century, the mortality rate within five years of the onset of the disease was 50%. The use of antibiotics has eliminated TB as a devastating disease, but the challenge of resistance to anti-TB drugs, which had already been described at the time of the introduction of streptomycin, has become a major global issue in disease management. Mismanagement of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases, resulting from intermittent drug use, prescription errors, and non-compliance of patients, has been identified as a critical risk factor for the development of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in TB is a multi-factorial, complex problem of microbes evolving to escape antibiotics, the gradual decline in antibiotic development, and different economic and social conditions. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how Mycobacterium tuberculosis evolves drug resistance. We also highlight the importance of developing shorter regimens that rapidly reach bacteria in diverse host environments, eradicating all mycobacterial populations and preventing the evolution of drug resistance. Lastly, we also emphasize that the current burden of this ancient disease is driven by a combination of complex interactions between mycobacterial and host factors, and that only a holistic approach that effectively addresses all the critical issues associated with drug resistance will limit the further spread of drug-resistant strains throughout the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carmelo Biondo
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.M.); (S.D.G.); (E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sileshi T, Telele NF, Burkley V, Makonnen E, Aklillu E. Correlation of N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype and acetylation status with plasma isoniazid concentration and its metabolic ratio in ethiopian tuberculosis patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11438. [PMID: 37454203 PMCID: PMC10349800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfavorable treatment outcomes for tuberculosis (TB) treatment might result from altered plasma exposure to antitubercular drugs in TB patients. The present study investigated the distribution of the N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype, isoniazid acetylation status, genotype-phenotype concordance of NAT2, and isoniazid plasma exposure among Ethiopian tuberculosis patients. Blood samples were collected from newly diagnosed TB patients receiving a fixed dose combination of first-line antitubercular drugs daily. Genotyping of NAT2 was done using TaqMan drug metabolism assay. Isoniazid and its metabolite concentration were determined using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 120 patients (63 male and 57 female) were enrolled in this study. The mean daily dose of isoniazid was 4.71 mg/kg. The frequency of slow, intermediate, and fast NAT2 acetylators genotypes were 74.2%, 22.4%, and 3.3% respectively. The overall median isoniazid maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 4.77 µg/mL and the AUC0-7 h was 11.21 µg.h/mL. The median Cmax in slow, intermediate, and fast acetylators were 5.65, 3.44, and 2.47 μg/mL, respectively. The median AUC0-7 h hour in slow, intermediate, and fast acetylators were 13.1, 6.086, and 3.73 mg•h/L, respectively. The majority (87.5%) of the study participants achieved isoniazid Cmax of above 3 µg/mL, which is considered a lower limit for a favorable treatment outcome. There is 85% concordance between the NAT2 genotype and acetylation phenotypes. NAT2 genotype, female sex, and dose were independent predictors of Cmax and AUC0-7 h (p < 0.001). Our finding revealed that there is a high frequency of slow NAT2 genotypes. The plasma Cmax of isoniazid was higher in the female and slow acetylators genotype group. The overall target plasma isoniazid concentrations in Ethiopian tuberculosis patients were achieved in the majority of the patients. Therefore, it is important to monitor adverse drug reactions and the use of a higher dose of isoniazid should be closely monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tesemma Sileshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Nigus Fikrie Telele
- Department of Laboratory Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Burkley
- Department of Laboratory Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eleni Aklillu
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yadav S. Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Concomitant Aspergillus Fungal Ball in a Diabetic Indian Male: A Rare Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e41443. [PMID: 37546067 PMCID: PMC10404112 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis is rampant in some countries. The disease is an outcome of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is more common in immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, mycetoma or a fungal ball can develop in cavitary lesions of tuberculosis. The present case is a rare presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis with concomitant Aspergillus fungal ball in a diabetic Indian male. A clinical examination with a strong laboratory and radiological workup helped establish the final diagnosis. The patient was initiated on anti-tubercular chemotherapy and advised lobectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Yadav
- Medicine, Shri Madan Lal Khurana Chest Clinic, Moti Nagar, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prabhune A, Dey R. Green and sustainable solvents of the future: Deep eutectic solvents. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
|
16
|
Kadivarian S, Rostamian M, Kooti S, Abiri R, Alvandi A. Diagnostic accuracy of gold nanoparticle combined with molecular method for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2023.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
|
17
|
Computational design of MmpL3 inhibitors for tuberculosis therapy. Mol Divers 2023; 27:357-369. [PMID: 35477825 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and spreads from lungs to lymphatic system. The cell wall of mycobacterium plays a prominent role in maintaining the virulence and pathogenicity and also acts as prime target for drug discovery. Hence, this study has put into emphasis with target MmpLs (Mycobacterial membrane proteins Large) which are significant for the growth and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MmpLs belongs to the resistance, nodulation and division (RND) protein superfamily. MmpL3 is the only MmpL deemed essential for the replication and viability of mycobacterial cells. For the study, we have selected SQ109 derivatives as Mmpl3 inhibitor, which holds non-covalent property. Structure-based pharmacophore model of MmpL3 target protein with SQ109 as co-crystallized ligand (PDB: 6AJG) was generated to screen the ligand database. Compounds with decent fitness score and pharmacophoric features were compared with standard drug and taken for molecular docking studies. Further prime molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-GBSA) and induced fit calculations identified potential molecules for further drug-likeness screening. Overall computational calculations identified ZINC000000016638 and ZINC000000003594 as potential in silico MmpL3 inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulations integrated with MM-PBSA free energy calculations identified that MmpL3-ZINC000000016638 complex was more stable. Study can be further extended for synthesis and biological evaluation, derivatization of active compound to identify potential and safe lead compounds for effective tuberculosis therapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Singh B, Singh C. Bedaquiline in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Mini-Review. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:243-253. [PMID: 36919348 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220421130707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes a contagious pulmonary disease with a high mortality rate in developing countries. However, the recommendation of DOTS (approved by WHO) was effective in treating tuberculosis, but nowadays, resistance from the first line (MDR-TB) and the second line (XDR-TB) drugs is highly common. Whereas, the resistance is a result of factors like poor patient constancy due to the long duration of therapy and co-infection with HIV. The approval of bedaquiline under an accelerated program for the treatment of MDR-TB has revealed its effectiveness in clinical trials as a therapeutic novel molecule. BDQ selectively inhibits the ATP synthase of bacterium and reduces ATP production. Additionally, the poor pharmacokinetic properties raised provocations in the MDR therapy, but the use of targeted drug delivery can solve the hurdles. While the preclinical and clinical studies included in this review are strongly suggesting the usefulness of BDQ in MDR-TB and XDR-TB, the repurposing of different drug classes in resistant TB is opening new opportunities to manage the disease conditions. In this review, we have summarized the examples of pipeline drugs and repurposed molecules with preclinical formulation developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UIPS, Punjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen B, Shi HQ, Feng MR, Wang XH, Cao XM, Cai WM. Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Isoniazid and its Metabolite Acetylisoniazid in Chinese Population. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932686. [PMID: 35928262 PMCID: PMC9343941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for isoniazid (INH) and its major metabolite Acetylisoniazid (AcINH) in healthy Chinese participants and tuberculosis patients and assess the role of the NAT2 genotype on the transformation of INH to AcINH. We also sought to estimate the INH exposure that would achieve a 90% effective concentration (EC90) efficiency for patients with various NAT2 genotypes. Method: A total of 45 healthy participants and 157 tuberculosis patients were recruited. For healthy subjects, blood samples were collected 0–14 h after administration of 300 mg or 320 mg of the oral dose of INH; for tuberculosis patients who received at least seven days therapy with INH, blood samples were collected two and/or six hours after administration. The plasma concentration of INH and AcINH was determined by the reverse-phase HPLC method. NAT2 genotypes were determined by allele-specific amplification. The integrated PPK model of INH and AcINH was established through nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM). The effect of NAT2 genotype and other covariates on INH and AcINH disposition was evaluated. Monte Carlo simulation was performed for estimating EC90 of INH in patients with various NAT2 genotypes. Results: The estimated absorption rate constant (Ka), oral clearance (CL/F), and apparent volume of distribution (V2/F) for INH were 3.94 ± 0.44 h−1, 18.2 ± 2.45 L⋅h−1, and 56.8 ± 5.53 L, respectively. The constant of clearance (K30) and the volume of distribution (V3/F) of AcINH were 0.33 ± 0.11 h−1 and 25.7 ± 1.30 L, respectively. The fraction of AcINH formation (FM) was 0.81 ± 0.076. NAT2 genotypes had different effects on the CL/F and FM. In subjects with only one copy of NAT2 *5, *6, and *7 alleles, the CL/F values were approximately 46.3%, 54.9%, and 74.8% of *4/*4 subjects, respectively. The FM values were approximately 48.7%, 63.8%, and 86.9% of *4/*4 subjects, respectively. The probability of target attainment of INH EC90 in patients with various NAT2 genotypes was different. Conclusion: The integrated parent-metabolite PPK model accurately characterized the disposition of INH and AcINH in the Chinese population sampled, which may be useful in the individualized therapy of INH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Chen,
| | - Hao-Qiang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihua Rose Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Xi-Han Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjin Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Min Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zafar A, Shafiq M, Ali B, Sadee W, Shakoori AR, Shakoori FR. Association of IRGM promoter region polymorphisms and haplotype with pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistani (Punjab) population. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 136:102233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
21
|
Novel In Silico Insights into Rv1417 and Rv2617c as Potential Protein Targets: The Importance of the Medium on the Structural Interactions with Exported Repetitive Protein (Erp) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132577. [PMID: 35808623 PMCID: PMC9269478 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death from a monopathogenic transmitted disease, only ahead of COVID-19. The role of exported repetitive protein (Erp) in the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been extensively demonstrated. In vitro and in vivo assays have identified that Erp interacts with Rv1417 and Rv2617c proteins, forming putative transient molecular complexes prior to localization to the cell envelope. Although new insights into the interactions and functions of Erp have emerged over the years, knowledge about its structure and protein–protein interactions at the atomistic level has not been sufficiently explored. In this work, we have combined several in silico methodologies to gain new insights into the structural relationship between these proteins. Two system conditions were evaluated by MD simulations: Rv1417 and Rv2617c embedded in a lipid membrane and another with a semi-polar solvent to mimic the electrostatic conditions on the membrane surface. The Erp protein was simulated as an unanchored structure. Stabilized structures were docked, and complexes were evaluated to recognize the main residues involved in protein–protein interactions. Our results show the influence of the medium on the structural conformation of proteins. Globular conformations were favored under high polarity conditions and showed a higher energetic affinity in complex formation. Meanwhile, disordered conformations were favored under semi-polar conditions and an increase in the number of contacts between residues was observed. In addition, the electrostatic potential analysis showed remarkable changes in protein interactions due to the polarity of the medium, demonstrating the relevance of Erp protein in heterodimer formation. On the other hand, contact analysis showed that several C-terminal residues of Erp were involved in the protein interactions, which seems to contradict experimental observations; however, these complexes could be transient forms. The findings presented in this work are intended to open new perspectives in the studies of Erp protein molecular interactions and to improve the knowledge about its function and role in the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Makeswaran P, Shah SA, Safian N, Muhamad NA, Harith AA. Determinants of delayed tuberculosis treatment among patients in Selangor: A study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266746. [PMID: 35468167 PMCID: PMC9037902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence rate and ever-increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide remain a significant issue in healthcare. In Malaysia, the incidence and mortality rate of TB is increasing due to the delayed presentation of TB patients to healthcare facilities. However, there is a lack of local studies on the contributing factors of delayed presentation of TB patients in Malaysia. This study aims to establish a social epidemiology framework by analysing social factors including socio-epidemiological, socio-cultural, and health-seeking behaviours associated with the delay in seeking TB treatment among patients in Selangor, Malaysia. A sequential exploratory mixed-method study design that combines qualitative and quantitative research methods will be employed. This study will recruit adult patients who have been diagnosed with TB using chest X-ray and sputum smear microscopy. Four districts with the highest recorded cases in the state of Selangor will be selected as study locations. The qualitative study will involve a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to explore six components, namely demographic, socio-cultural, health-seeking behaviours, social support and resources, previous knowledge and experience with illness, and treatment pathway. Meanwhile, the quantitative study will incorporate a structured survey that will be developed based on the themes identified in the qualitative phase and a review of several studies in the literature. Several quality control measures will be taken while ensuring that the survey questionnaires are anonymised and participants' confidentiality is maintained. The data obtained from both qualitative and quantitative approaches will be combined to provide a more robust assessment of the study. Given that this study will focus on districts with high recorded cases of TB in Selangor, the findings might assist to address TB-related issues such as the increasing incidence and mortality rates, which are mainly attributed to the delayed presentation of TB patients to healthcare facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punitha Makeswaran
- Department of Community Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Azhar Shah
- Department of Community Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazarudin Safian
- Department of Community Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asiah Muhamad
- Evidence Based Healthcare Medicine Sector, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Harith
- Occupational Health Research Centre, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sivaselvam S, Viswanathan C, Ponpandian N. One-step preparation of N-doped grapheme quantum dots with high quantum yield for bioimaging and highly sensitive electrochemical detection of isoniazid. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212731. [PMID: 35929207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional techniques for synthesizing GQDs have a poor quantum yield (QY) that restricts their biological applications. Herein, we present a rapid, cost-effective and high quantum yield synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) through a scientific microwave reactor. The reaction parameters like microwave irradiation time, temperature, precursor concentration and pressure were optimized for achieving high quantum yield. The prepared N-GQDs exhibit bright blue fluorescence and excitation independent emission property with a quantum yield of 42.81%. In-vivo investigations on C. elegans revealed that the as-prepared N-GQDs are exceptionally biocompatible and maintain the normal physiological functioning of the primary and secondary targeted organs in nematodes. The synergetic effect of intestinal barrier and defecation behavior mitigates N-GQDs translocation into reproductive organs of nematode. In addition, the N-GQDs modified GCE was tested for electrochemical sensing characteristics towards the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid (INZ). The N-GQDs showed appreciable electrocatalytic performance towards INZ with high sensitivity (3.76 μA μM-1 cm-1). The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis of N-GQDs exhibit a lower detection limit of 10.91 nM for INZ. The N-GQDs modified sensor exhibits good reproducibility, excellent anti-interference ability and excellent analytical performance for INZ in real samples like human blood serum and urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sivaselvam
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - C Viswanathan
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - N Ponpandian
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kumar A, Sharma P, Arun A, Meena LS. Development of peptide vaccine candidate using highly antigenic PE-PGRS family proteins to stimulate the host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37Rv: an immuno-informatics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3382-3404. [PMID: 35293852 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2048079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a fast spreading; transmissible disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). M. tuberculosis has a high death rate in its endemic regions due to a lack of appropriate treatment and preventative measures. We have used a vaccinomics strategy to create an effective multi-epitope vaccine against M. tuberculosis. The antigenic proteins with the highest antigenicity were utilised to predict cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL), helper T-lymphocyte (HTL), and linear B-lymphocyte (LBL) epitopes. CTL and HTL epitopes were covered in 99.97% of the population. Seven epitopes each of CTL, HTL, and LBL were ultimately selected and utilised to develop a multi-epitope vaccine. A vaccine design was developed by combining these epitopes with suitable linkers and LprG adjuvant. The vaccine chimera was revealed to be highly immunogenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. To ensure a better expression within the Escherichia coli K12 (E. coli K12) host system, codon adaptation and in silico cloning were accomplished. Following that, various validation studies were conducted, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and immunological simulation, all of which indicated that the designed vaccine would be stable in the biological environment and effective against M. tuberculosis infection. The immune simulation revealed higher levels of T-cell and B-cell activity, which corresponded to the actual immune response. Exposure simulations were repeated several times, resulting in increased clonal selection and faster antigen clearance. These results suggest that, if proposed vaccine chimera would test both in-vitro and in-vivo, it could be a viable treatment and preventive strategy for TB.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Arun
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laxman S Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hussain MS, Vashist A, Kumar M, Taneja NK, Gautam US, Dwivedi S, Tyagi JS, Gupta RK. Anti-mycobacterial activity of heat and pH stable high molecular weight protein(s) secreted by a bacterial laboratory contaminant. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:15. [PMID: 35093096 PMCID: PMC8799974 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis currently stands as the second leading cause of deaths worldwide due to single infectious agent after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current challenges of drug resistance in tuberculosis highlight an urgent need to develop newer anti-mycobacterial compounds. In the present study, we report the serendipitous discovery of a bacterial laboratory contaminant (LC-1) exhibiting a zone of growth inhibition on an agar plate seeded with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RESULTS We utilized microbiological, biochemical and biophysical approaches to characterize LC-1 and anti-mycobacterial compound(s) in its secretome. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing and BIOLOG analysis, LC-1 was identified as Staphylococcus hominis, a human bacterial commensal. Anti-mycobacterial activity was initially found in 30 kDa retentate that was obtained by ultrafiltration of culture filtrate (CF). SDS-PAGE analysis of peak fractions obtained by size exclusion chromatography of 30 kDa retentate confirmed the presence of high molecular weight (≥ 30 kDa) proteins. Peak fraction-1 (F-1) exhibited inhibitory activity against M. bovis BCG, but not against M. smegmatis, E. coli and S. aureus. The active fraction F-1 was inactivated by treatment with Proteinase K and α-chymotrypsin. However, it retained its anti-mycobacterial activity over a wide range of heat and pH treatment. The anti-mycobacterial activity of F-1 was found to be maintained even after a long storage (~12 months) at - 20 °C. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the identified peptide masses do not match with any previously known bacteriocins. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the anti-mycobacterial activity of high molecular weight protein(s) present in culture filtrate of LC-1, which may be tested further to target M. tuberculosis. The heat and pH stability of these proteins add to their characteristics as therapeutic proteins and may contribute to their long shelf life. LC-1 being a human commensal can be tested in future for its potential as a probiotic to treat tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajid Hussain
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
- School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Atul Vashist
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
- Department of Infection & Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Mahadevan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Medical College, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Neetu Kumra Taneja
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Uma Shankar Gautam
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Seema Dwivedi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Jaya Sivaswami Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gupta
- School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ponnusamy N, Arumugam M. Interaction of Host Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Ayurvedic Management of Tuberculosis: A Systemic Approach. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e130921196420. [PMID: 34517809 DOI: 10.2174/1871526521666210913110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), infects the lungs' alveolar surfaces through aerosol droplets. At this stage, the disease progression may have many consequences, determined primarily by the reactions of the human immune system. However, one approach will be to more actively integrate the immune system, especially the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) systems of the host, which notices pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Mtb. Several types of PRRs are involved in the detection of Mtb, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), Dendritic cell (DC) -specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), Mannose receptor (MR), and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) related to inflammasome activation. In this study, we focus on reviewing the Mtb pathophysiology and interaction of host PPRs with Mtb as well as adverse drug effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) and systematic TB treatment via Ayurvedic medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmaladevi Ponnusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Mohanapriya Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Prabhu P, Fernandes T, Damani M, Chaubey P, Narayanan S, Sawarkar S. 2Receptor Specific Ligand conjugated Nanocarriers: an Effective Strategy for Targeted Therapy of Tuberculosis. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:830-845. [PMID: 34915835 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666211216141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient chronic disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has affected mankind for more than 4,000 years. Compliance with the standard conventional treatment can assure recovery from tuberculosis, but emergence of drug resistant strains pose a great challenge for effective management of tuberculosis. The process of discovery and development of new therapeutic entities with better specificity and efficacy is unpredictable and time consuming. Hence, delivery of pre-existing drugs with improved targetability is the need of the hour. Enhanced delivery and targetability can ascertain improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity, decreased frequency of dosing and therefore better patient compliance. Nanoformulations are being explored for effective delivery of therapeutic agents, however optimum specificity is not guaranteed. In order to achieve specificity, ligands specific to receptors or cellular components of macrophage and Mycobacteria can be conjugatedto nanocarriers. This approach can improve localization of existing drug molecules at the intramacrophageal site where the parasites reside, improve targeting to the unique cell wall structure of Mycobacterium or improve adhesion to epithelial surface of intestine or alveolar tissue (lectins). Present review focuses on the investigation of various ligands like Mannose, Mycolic acid, Lectin, Aptamers etc. installed nanocarriers that are being envisaged for targeting antitubercular drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai. Saudi Arabia
| | - Trinette Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai. Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansi Damani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai. Saudi Arabia
| | - Pramila Chaubey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi. Saudi Arabia
| | - Shridhar Narayanan
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, 20A, KIADB Industrial Area Veerapura, Doddaballapur, Bengaluru, Karnataka 561203. India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai. Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Miryala SK, Basu S, Naha A, Debroy R, Ramaiah S, Anbarasu A, Natarajan S. Identification of bioactive natural compounds as efficient inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein-targets: A molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
29
|
Bardhan M, Hasan MM, Ray I, Sarkar A, Chahal P, Rackimuthu S, Essar MY. Tuberculosis amidst COVID-19 pandemic in India: unspoken challenges and the way forward. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:84. [PMID: 34674772 PMCID: PMC8528656 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
India is home to the most significant number of tuberculosis (TB) cases around the globe. The COVID-19 crisis has deeply perturbed most of the essential TB services in India. Regulating TB is difficult in a densely populated country like India due to latent TB infection in millions of Indians, which can reactivate at any point in the future. Due to the ongoing pandemic, healthcare workers have been diverted to activities implemented for effective COVID-19 management, leaving a meager workforce to help deal with TB management. Integrating TB and COVID-19 to augment India’s health outreach is the need of the hour to diminish the effect of the COVID-19 crisis on TB. Increasing overall testing capacity, active screening, implementation of strategies for easy identification of TB hotspots, and ensuring uninterrupted drug supply for treatment through heedful planning of local and regional distribution and transportation will especially help cater to the vulnerable population who are at a high risk of suffering from adverse outcomes of TB. Lessons learnt in the battle against COVID-19 can most definitely help in providing insights to fulfill the goal of eliminating TB from India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Bardhan
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Ishita Ray
- Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, India
| | - Anusua Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mittal P, Ajmera P, Jain V, Aggarwal G. Modeling and analysis of barriers in controlling TB: developing countries' perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GOVERNANCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhg-06-2021-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PurposeTuberculosis (TB) continues to c-exist with humans despite many TB control programs and elimination strategies. This depicts that some barriers are not allowing achieving the desired results. The current study aims to focus on identification and ranking of such barriers to facilitate TB control programs in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachIn the present study, 13 barriers that can influence success rate of TB elimination strategies have been recognized with an in-depth assessment of related literature and opinions of specialists from medical industry and academic world. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) techniques have been employed for the ranking of barriers.FindingsBased on driving power of barriers, the study coined that underinvestment is a major barrier followed by poor implementation of government policies and programs, poverty and poor primary health care infrastructure.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings may guide healthcare service providers and researchers in analyzing the barriers and understanding the necessity of further advancements to decrease the count of already existing and incident cases.Practical implicationsPolicy- and decision-makers may utilize the information on dependence and driving power of barriers for better planning and effective execution of TB control strategies.Originality/valueAlthough a lot of literature is available on different barriers that are affecting success of TB strategies, the current study analyzes all the key barriers collectively for the prioritization of barriers.
Collapse
|
31
|
Jnawali K, Tyshenko MG, Oraby T. Mitigating the externality of diseases of poverty through health aid. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211450. [PMID: 34659788 PMCID: PMC8511770 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Externality exists in healthcare when an individual benefits from others being healthy as it reduces the probability of getting sick from illness. Healthy workers are considered to be the more productive labourers leading to a country's positive economic growth over time. Several research studies have modelled disease transmission and its economic impact on a single country in isolation. We developed a two-country disease-economy model that explores disease transmission and cross-border infection of disease for its impacts. The model includes aspects of a worsening and rapid transmission of disease juxtaposed by positive impacts to the economy from tourism. We found that high friction affects the gross domestic product (GDP) of the lower-income country more than the higher-income country. Health aid from one country to another can substantially help grow the GDP of both countries due to the positive externality of disease reduction. Disease has less impact to both economies if the relative cost of treatment over an alternative (e.g. vaccination) is lower than the baseline value. Providing medical supplies to another country, adopting moderate friction between the countries, and finding treatments with lower costs result in the best scenario to preserve the GDP of both countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Jnawali
- Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego 13126-3599, NY, USA
| | | | - Tamer Oraby
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Texas—Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baviskar MP, Sinha A, Javadekar SS, Bhalwar R. Need-based training of community health officers for tuberculosis care in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, India: A before and after study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:322. [PMID: 34667822 PMCID: PMC8459849 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1079_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community health officers (CHOs) are a newly introduced cadre of mid-level health-care providers who will man the health and wellness centers under Ayushman Bharat Mission in India. Need-based training will help them fulfil their role in early diagnosis, treatment, and referral of tuberculosis (TB) patients. The present study identified the gaps in the awareness about TB in a heterogeneous group of trainees and addressed them through need-based training. MATERIALS AND METHODS A before and after the study was carried out in 110 trainee CHOs at Rural Medical College, Loni. In-depth interviews were conducted with public health experts and focus group discussion was conducted with trainees to gain the quality inputs. Structured questionnaires based on training objectives specifically pertaining to TB were designed. Training was provided with an emphasis on addressing the gaps identified in the pretest. Posttest evaluation was done at the end of the training to assess its effectiveness. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version. 17.0 (Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS The mean pretest score was 15.15 (standard deviation [SD] = 3.55) which improved after 6 months training to 24.01 (SD = 1.223), i.e., from 60% to 96%. There was highly significant improvement in overall knowledge score of trainees (t = 28.124, df = 109, P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant improvement in scores of all topics at the end of 6 months training in both Nursing and Ayurved graduates. Except for knowledge regarding the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB (P = 0.004), knowledge about all other topics was comparable in nursing and Ayurved graduates at the end. CONCLUSIONS Needs assessment proved effective in identifying the gaps in knowledge and skills of interdisciplinary trainee CHOs. Medical colleges with expertise in teaching, training, and health service provision can work with the public health system to provide a model for rapid upgrading and capacity building to meet health-care challenges such as TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Sinha
- Department of Community Medicine, Rural Medical College, PIMS(DU), Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubhada S. Javadekar
- Department of Community Medicine, Rural Medical College, PIMS(DU), Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajvir Bhalwar
- Department of Community Medicine, Rural Medical College, PIMS(DU), Loni, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Roy D, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis carcinogenic to humans? FASEB J 2021; 35:e21853. [PMID: 34416038 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001581rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the ability of the tuberculosis (TB) causing bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to induce key characteristics that are associated with established IARC classified Group 1 and Group 2A carcinogenic agents. There is sufficient evidence from epidemiological case-control, cohort and meta-analysis studies of increased lung cancer (LC) risk in pre-existing/active/old TB cases. Similar to carcinogens and other pathogenic infectious agents, exposure to aerosol-containing Mtb sprays in mice produce malignant transformation of cells that result in squamous cell carcinoma. Convincing, mechanistic data show several characteristics shared between TB and LC which include chronic inflammation, genomic instability and replicative immortality, just to name a few cancer hallmarks. These hallmarks of cancer may serve as precursors to malignant transformation. Together, these findings form the basis of our postulate that Mtb is a complete human pulmonary carcinogen. We also discuss how Mtb may act as both an initiating agent and promoter of tumor growth. Forthcoming experimental studies will not only serve as proof-of-concept but will also pivot our understanding of how to manage/treat TB cases as well as offer solutions to clinical conundrums of TB lesions masquerading as tumors. Clinical validation of our concept may also help pave the way for next generation personalized medicine for the management of pulmonary TB/cancer particularly for cases that are not responding well to conventional chemotherapy or TB drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deodutta Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.,Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Agustin H, Massi MN, Djaharuddin I, Susanto AD, Islam AA, Hatta M, Bukhari A, Tabri NA, Santoso A, Patellongi I. Analysis of CD4 and CD8 expression in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection with diabetes mellitus: An experimental study in mice. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68:102596. [PMID: 34401121 PMCID: PMC8350178 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, in the top 10 causes of death. As a regulator of the immune response, T-helper (Th) cells activate other lymphocytes from the immune system, such as B cells, to destroy the TB pathogen by releasing CD4 and CD8 Th cells. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known cause of developing active pulmonary TB. Few studies have examined the biomolecular expression affecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) MTB, which are associated with low immunity represented by TB in diabetes and CD4 and CD8 levels. Materials and methods This animal study used a post-test control group design. We performed an experimental study using 30 BALB/c mice, each weighing 25 g. It included six experimental animal groups, of which three had a diabetes condition induced using intraperitoneal streptozotocin, and all were infected with MTB or MDR TB. We evaluated the CD4 and CD8 levels in each group and analyzed the differences. Results We found a significant difference in CD4 and CD8 levels in MTB and MDR TB conditions. Conclusion This study shows that acute infection in experimental mice with MTB and MDR TB with or without diabetes had the highest levels of both CD4 and CD8 cells, which can be a sign of increased cellular immunity in a mice model. Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major global health problem. TB with comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with increased CD4 and CD8. CD4 and CD8 values are increased in animals with DM plus TB infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Agustin
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.,Departement of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Departement of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nasrum Massi
- Departement of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Irawati Djaharuddin
- Departement of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Agus Dwi Susanto
- Departement of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Departement of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andi Asadul Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Clinical Microbiologist Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nur Ahmad Tabri
- Departement of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Arif Santoso
- Departement of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ilhamjaya Patellongi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Prasad MS, Bhole RP, Khedekar PB, Chikhale RV. Mycobacterium enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA): A key target for antitubercular drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105242. [PMID: 34392175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) is a key enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis mainly mycolic acid biosynthesis that is a part of NADH dependent acyl carrier protein reductase family. The aim of the present literature is to underline the different scaffolds or enzyme inhibitors that inhibit mycolic acid biosynthesis mainly cell wall synthesis by inhibiting enzyme InhA. Various scaffolds were identified based on the screening technologies like high throughput screening, encoded library technology, fragment-based screening. The compounds studied include indirect inhibitors (Isoniazid, Ethionamide, Prothionamide) and direct inhibitors (Triclosan/Diphenyl ethers, Pyrrolidine Carboxamides, Pyrroles, Acetamides, Thiadiazoles, Triazoles) with better efficacy against drug resistance. Out of the several scaffolds studied, pyrrolidine carboxamides were found to be the best molecules targeting InhA having good bioavailability properties and better MIC. This review provides with a detailed information, analysis, structure activity relationship and useful insight on various scaffolds as InhA inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri S Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MS, India
| | - Ritesh P Bhole
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pramod B Khedekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MS, India.
| | - Rupesh V Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Patel V, Foster A, Salem A, Kumar A, Kumar V, Biswas B, Mirsaeidi M, Kumar N. Long-term exposure to indoor air pollution and risk of tuberculosis. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:628-638. [PMID: 33016379 PMCID: PMC9580027 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution (IAP) is a recognized risk factor for various diseases. This paper examines the role of indoor solid fuel exposure in the risk of mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in Delhi Metropolitan, India. Using a cross-sectional design, subjects were screened for a history of active TB and lifelong exposure to IAP sources, such as solid fuel burning and kerosene. The TB prevalence rate in the study area was 1117 per 100 000 population. Every year, increase in solid fuel exposure was associated with a three percent higher likelihood of a history of active TB. Subjects exposed to solid fuel and kerosene use for both heating home and cooking showed significant associations with TB. Age, household expenditure (a proxy of income), lung function, and smoking also showed significant associations with TB. Smokers and solid fuel-exposed subjects were four times more likely to have a history of active TB than non-smoker and unexposed subjects. These finding calls strategies to mitigate solid fuel exposure, such as use of clean cookstove and ventilation, to mitigate the risk of TB which aligns with the United Nations' goal of "End TB by 2030."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhiben Patel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Environmental Health Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Foster
- Department of Economics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alison Salem
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Environmental Health Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Society for Environmental Health, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Society for Environmental Health, New Delhi, India
| | - Biplab Biswas
- Department of Geography, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Environmental Health Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Miller School of Medicine, Miami VA Healthcare System, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Environmental Health Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bilal M, Ahmad I, Babar SA, Shahzad K. State Feedback and Synergetic controllers for tuberculosis in infected population. IET Syst Biol 2021; 15:83-92. [PMID: 33786984 PMCID: PMC8675849 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease which can easily be disseminated in a society. A five state Susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered and resistant (SEIRs) epidemiological mathematical model of TB has been considered along with two non-linear controllers: State Feedback (SFB) and Synergetic controllers have been designed for the control and prevention of the TB in a population. Using the proposed controllers, the infected individuals have been reduced/controlled via treatment, and susceptible individuals have been prevented from the disease via vaccination. A mathematical analysis has been carried out to prove the asymptotic stability of proposed controllers by invoking the Lyapunov control theory. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink manifest that the non-linear controllers show fast convergence of the system states to their respective desired levels. Comparison shows that proposed SFB controller performs better than Synergetic controller in terms of convergence time, steady state error and oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmad Babar
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kuldeep J, Sharma SK, Singh BN, Siddiqi MI. Computational exploration and anti-mycobacterial activity of potential inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase as anti-tubercular agents. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 32:191-205. [PMID: 33612029 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.1882563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase (AccD6) is a homodimeric protein which is involved in the carboxylation of acetyl coenzyme A to produce malonyl coenzyme A, which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of fatty acid chain. However, studies suggest that AccD6 in combination with AccA3 produces malonyl co-A. Certain herbicides are known to inhibit plant ACC. Among these herbicides, haloxyfop was found to inhibit AccD6 at IC50 of 21.1 ± 1 µM. In this study, we have performed molecular docking of the Maybridge database consisting of ~55,000 compounds in the active site of the protein with haloxyfop as a reference molecule, followed by molecular dynamics study and biological activity determination of prioritized compounds. Out of the nine compounds selected for biological evaluation, three compounds - CD07230, HTS08529 and KM08871 - were found to exhibit anti-mycobacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kuldeep
- Molecular & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - B N Singh
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - M I Siddiqi
- Molecular & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yadav S, Rawal G. The organizational challenges in the management of the revised national tuberculosis control program of India: an overview. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 36:213. [PMID: 32963679 PMCID: PMC7490127 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.213.16501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing world is facing a serious problem of tuberculosis (TB) since ages. The condition is really profound in resource-constrained countries. The situation in some of the high TB burden countries is so grave that there are huge numbers of TB patients and deaths due to TB. TB control in most of the countries is done by the national TB control programs. In India, this is popularly known as the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP). The RNTCP comes under the umbrella of the national health mission. The main components of RNTCP are directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) and DOTS-Plus. The effective and adequate implementation of the RNTCP is the most effective solution to control the ever growing cases of TB. The present situation, as detailed in the WHO global annual TB report, with ever-rising cases of various categories of TB is really scary and demands prompt attention. In this paper, the authors highlight the important issues related to the RNTCP in India. The main motto of writing this paper was to address the challenges associated with the organizational structure of the national TB control program of India and to suggest solutions for the same. The authors believe that these challenges could pose a serious threat to the efforts aimed at TB elimination from India. Besides, this paper will serve as a tool to modify and/or to formulate new guidelines for the betterment of the program. Also, the challenges detailed here are usually common in the other high TB burden countries of the world and this will help the program managers worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Yadav
- Department of Medicine and Tuberculosis, Chest Clinic Moti Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Rawal
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Malasala S, Gour J, Ahmad MN, Gatadi S, Shukla M, Kaul G, Dasgupta A, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Copper mediated one-pot synthesis of quinazolinones and exploration of piperazine linked quinazoline derivatives as anti-mycobacterial agents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43533-43538. [PMID: 35519697 PMCID: PMC9058414 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile method was developed for the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives in a one-pot condensation reaction via in situ amine generation using ammonia as the amine source and with the formation of four new C-N bonds in good to excellent yields. With the optimised method, we synthesized a library of piperazine linked quinazoline derivatives and the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The compounds 8b, 8e, 8f, 8m, 8n and 8v showed potent anti-mycobacterial activity with MIC values of 2-16 μg mL-1. All the synthesized compounds follow Lipinski's rules for drug likeness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyaveni Malasala
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Jitendra Gour
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Md Naiyaz Ahmad
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Srikanth Gatadi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sachdeva KS, Parmar M, Rao R, Chauhan S, Shah V, Pirabu R, Balasubramaniam D, Vadera B, Anand S, Mathew M, Solanki H, Sundar VV. Paradigm shift in efforts to end TB by 2025. Indian J Tuberc 2020; 67:S48-S60. [PMID: 33308672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TB is a deadly infectious disease, in existence since time immemorial. This article traces the journey of TB developments in the last few decades and the path breaking moments that have accelerated the efforts towards Ending TB from National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP 1962-1992) to Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP - 1992-2019) and to National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) as per the vision of Honorable Prime Minister of India. From increased funding for TB, the discovery of newer drugs and diagnostics, increased access to health facilities, greater investment in research and expanded reach of public health education, seasoned with TB activism and media's proactive role, private sector participation to political advocacy and community engagement, coupled with vaccine trials has renewed the hope of finding the elusive and miraculous breakthrough to END TB and it seems the goal is within the realms of the possibility. The recent paradigm shift in the policy and the drive of several states & UTs to move towards TB free status through rigorous population-based vulnerability mapping and screening coupled with active case finding is expected to act as the driving force to lead the country towards Ending TB by 2025. Continued investments in research, innovations and availability of more effective drugs and the vaccines will add to existing armamentarium towards Ending TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Sachdeva
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Raghuram Rao
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Ra Pirabu
- WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Bhavin Vadera
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, India
| | - S Anand
- WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - Manu Mathew
- WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - V V Sundar
- WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Malasala S, Ahmad MN, Akunuri R, Shukla M, Kaul G, Dasgupta A, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:112996. [PMID: 33190958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the rapid rise in antibiotic resistance, infectious diseases have become serious threat to public health. There is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action to overcome the resistance. In recent years, Quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids have emerged as a new class of antimicrobial agents active against S. aureus and M. tuberculosis. In the current study, we designed and synthesized fifteen new Quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids and evaluated them for their antimicrobial activity against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. These studies led to the identification of nine potent antibacterial agents 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i and 10c with MICs in the range of 4-64 μg/mL. Further, these selected compounds were found to possess potent antibacterial potential against a panel of drug-resistant clinical isolates which include methicillin and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. The selected compounds were found to be less toxic to Vero cells (CC50 = 40-≥200 μg/mL) and demonstrated a favourable selectivity index. Based on the encouraging results obtained these new benzimidazol-2-yl quinazoline derivatives have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents for the treatment of MDR- S. aureus and Mycobacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyaveni Malasala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, Telangana, India
| | - Md Naiyaz Ahmad
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; AcSIR, Ghaziabad, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravikumar Akunuri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, Telangana, India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; AcSIR, Ghaziabad, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; AcSIR, Ghaziabad, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, Telangana, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; AcSIR, Ghaziabad, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Juliasih NN, Mertaniasih NM, Hadi C, Soedarsono, Sari RM, Alfian IN. Factors Affecting Tuberculosis Patients' Quality of Life in Surabaya, Indonesia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:1475-1480. [PMID: 33177833 PMCID: PMC7649212 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s274386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with tuberculosis need to religiously take medication daily. However, they experience several side effects from these medications. The main reason for measuring the quality of life is to explain closely related factors that affect the patient's daily life that have been compromised with illness, while considering a patients' well-being that has associations with individual characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 157 patients with tuberculosis at 5 primary health-care centers and 2 hospitals in Surabaya. Quality of life is determined based on eight domains: general health, pain, social functioning, physical functioning, role limitation due to physical health, role limitation due to emotional problems, energy, and emotional well-being. The research instrument used to measure the quality of life is the RAND-36 Item Health Survey, whereas that used to measure mental distress is the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. RESULTS Our study results show that, of the eight domains measuring the quality of life, only age exhibited a significant effect on general health (P = 0.018); sex did not significantly affect the quality of life in all domains. The level of education exhibited a significant effect only on role limitation due to emotional problems (P = 0.014). Mental distress demonstrated a significant effect on the quality of life in all domains. CONCLUSION There are several factors affecting TB patients' quality of life. The study found that age, level of education, and comorbidity affect quality of life in several domains. However, mental distress affects quality of life in all domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Njoman Juliasih
- Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ni Made Mertaniasih
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Cholichul Hadi
- Department of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soedarsono
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Reny Mareta Sari
- Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ilham Nur Alfian
- Department of Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sudarsan TI, Thomas L, Samprathi A, Chacko B, Mathuram A, George T, Karthik G, Rajan SJ, Carey RAB, Mahasampath G, Peter JV. Tuberculous ARDS is associated with worse outcome when compared with non-tuberculous infectious ARDS. J Crit Care 2020; 61:138-143. [PMID: 33161242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with tuberculosis (TB) developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may have a higher mortality when compared with ARDS of other infectious etiology. METHODOLOGY In this single-centre retrospective cohort study spanning 5-years (2012 to 2016), TB-ARDS patients were age and gender matched (1:2) with non-TB infectious ARDS and followed up until death or hospital discharge. Clinical profile, treatment and outcomes were compared using t-test and Chi-square as appropriate. Mortality predictors were explored using Conditional Poisson regression analysis and expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Of the 516 ARDS patients, 74 TB-ARDS and 148 non-TB infectious ARDS patients were included. Although admission APACHE-II (21.4 ± 7.1 vs. 17.6 ± 6.8, p < 0.001), incidence of shock (36.5% vs. 19.1%, p = 0.005) and mortality (59.5% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in TB-ARDS than non-TB etiology, overall ICU length of stay and nosocomial infections were similar in both groups. On regression analysis, after adjusting for confounders, TB-ARDS (RR 1.82; 95% CI 1.13-2.92) and need for inotropes (RR 3.49; 95% CI 1.44-8.46) were independently associated with death. CONCLUSION Patients with TB-ARDS presented sicker and had higher mortality when compared with ARDS due to non-TB infectious etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lovely Thomas
- Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - Abhishek Samprathi
- Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - Binila Chacko
- Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Victor Peter
- Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Thakur G, Thakur S, Thakur H. Status and challenges for tuberculosis control in India - Stakeholders' perspective. Indian J Tuberc 2020; 68:334-339. [PMID: 34099198 PMCID: PMC7550054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is one of the ten major causes of mortality worldwide. The trend of increasing TB cases and drug resistance in India is very disturbing. The objectives of the study were to study the perspectives and opinions of different stakeholders on the status, challenges and the ways to tackle the issues of TB in India. METHODS The online survey was done for the data collection from national and international experts. The data collection took place during October 2017. We received 46 responses. RESULTS The experts had varied answers as to the menace of TB in India, effect of TB on individuals, family and society, failure of government plans in India, TB awareness campaign and ways to create awareness. Everyone believed that urgent action needs to be taken against the disease like improving the healthcare infrastructure of the country (improving the quality and quantity of medical facilities and doctors) and creating awareness about the TB. CONCLUSION Government of India is making lot of efforts to bring down the problems associated with TB through. In spite of this, there is a long way to go to achieve significant reduction in high incidence and prevalence of TB in India. Factors like lack of awareness and resources, poor infrastructure, increasing drug resistant cases, poor notification and overall negligence are the major challenges. If we eradicate poverty and undernourishment, educate the masses and eliminate the stigma attached with TB, we can hope for a disease free future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shalvi Thakur
- Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Harshad Thakur
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India; National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Malasala S, Ahmad MN, Gour J, Shukla M, Kaul G, Akhir A, Gatadi S, Madhavi Y, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling insights of 2-arylquinazoline benzamide derivatives as anti-tubercular agents. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
47
|
Bockman MR, Mishra N, Aldrich CC. The Biotin Biosynthetic Pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a Validated Target for the Development of Antibacterial Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4194-4232. [PMID: 30663561 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190119161551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for Tuberculosis (TB), remains the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases worldwide from a single infectious agent, with an estimated 1.7 million deaths in 2016. Biotin is an essential cofactor in M. tuberculosis that is required for lipid biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis. M. tuberculosis relies on de novo biotin biosynthesis to obtain this vital cofactor since it cannot scavenge sufficient biotin from a mammalian host. The biotin biosynthetic pathway in M. tuberculosis has been well studied and rigorously genetically validated providing a solid foundation for medicinal chemistry efforts. This review examines the mechanism and structure of the enzymes involved in biotin biosynthesis and ligation, summarizes the reported genetic validation studies of the pathway, and then analyzes the most promising inhibitors and natural products obtained from structure-based drug design and phenotypic screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tilahun M, Shimelis E, Wogayehu T, Assefa G, Wondimagegn G, Mekonnen A, Hailu T, Bobosha K, Aseffa A. Molecular detection of multidrug resistance pattern and associated gene mutations in M. tuberculosis isolates from newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236054. [PMID: 32750053 PMCID: PMC7402498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multi-drug resistance is a major challenge in the control of tuberculosis. Despite newer modalities for diagnosis and treatment, people are still suffering from this disease. Understanding the common gene mutations conferring rifampicin and isoniazid resistance is crucial for the implementation of effective molecular tools at local and national levels. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the molecular detection of rifampicin and isoniazid-resistant gene mutations in M.tuberculosis isolates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHOD Health Center-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and September 2017 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The collected sputum samples were processed for mycobacterial isolation and Region of difference 9 based polymerase chain reaction for species identification. To characterize the rifampicin and isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates, a molecular genetic assay (GenoType MTBDRplus) was used; the assay is based on DNA-STRIP technology. RESULT Culture positivity was confirmed in 82.6% (190/230) of smear-positive newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis cases enrolled in the study. From 190 isolates 93.2% were sensitive for both rifampicin and isoniazid, and 6.8% of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested anti-TB drugs. Gene mutations were observed in all studied multidrug resistance-associated gene loci (rpoB, katG, and inhA). Two isolates exhibited heteroresistance, a mutated, as well as wild type sequences, were detected in the respective strains. MDR-TB case was observed in 1.1% (2/190) of the cases. All the MDR-TB cases were positive for HIV and found to have a history of prior hospital admission. CONCLUSION In our finding a relatively high prevalence of any drug resistance was observed and the overall prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 1.1%.The majority of drug-resistant isolates demonstrated common mutations. Heteroresistant strains were detected, signaling the existence of an M.tuberculosis population with variable responses to anti-tuberculosis drugs or of mixed infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Tilahun
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Arba Minch University (AMU), College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- * E-mail: (MT); (ES)
| | - Ezra Shimelis
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University (AAU), Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail: (MT); (ES)
| | - Teklu Wogayehu
- Department of Biology, Arba Minch University (AMU), College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Gebeyehu Assefa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Tsegaye Hailu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kidist Bobosha
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schultz F, Anywar G, Wack B, Quave CL, Garbe LA. Ethnobotanical study of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in the rural Greater Mpigi region of Uganda. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112742. [PMID: 32224196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study provides the first report on selected traditional medicinal plant use, including parts used and methods of preparation, in the Greater Mpigi region of Uganda. This data supports the conservation of local traditional ecological knowledge and will facilitate future drug discovery research. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aimed to conserve culturally and scientifically-valuable medical knowledge of 16 plant species traditionally used in the Greater Mpigi region in Uganda, namely Albizia coriaria, Cassine buchananii, Combretum molle, Erythrina abyssinica, Ficus saussureana, Harungana madagascariensis, Leucas calostachys, Microgramma lycopodioides, Morella kandtiana, Plectranthus hadiensis, Securidaca longipedunculata, Sesamum calycinum subsp. angustifolium, Solanum aculeastrum, Toddalia asiatica, Warburgia ugandensis and Zanthoxylum chalybeum. An additional objective of the study was an ethnological investigation of the socio-cultural background and medical understanding of diseases treated by traditional healers in the study area. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pilot survey in the study area revealed that 16 plant species were frequently used in treatment of a variety of medical disorders. In order to obtain more complete information, we conducted a broader ethnobotanical survey using structured interviews with 39 traditional healers from 29 villages, specifically asking about the traditional uses of these 16 medicinal species. RESULTS Results of the survey confirmed a high level of traditional use of these species in the Greater Mpigi region. In addition, various other traditional uses and methods of preparation were recorded, most of them for the first time. In total, 75 different medical disorders treated with the plants were documented. CONCLUSIONS Conservation of traditional knowledge for future generations is vital, as loss has already been recorded due to multiple causes. The need for novel and more effective drugs derived from natural products is more important than ever, making future studies on herbal remedies both justified and urgently required. The traditional healers surveyed in this project also have expectations of the research - they would like to be updated about any resulting studies into the pharmacological efficacy of medicinal plants so that the research findings can inform their confidence in each herbal remedy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Schultz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III - Process Sciences, Technical University of Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin, 13355, Germany; Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Brodaer Str. 2, Neubrandenburg, 17033, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, 30322, Georgia, USA.
| | - Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Barbara Wack
- Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Brodaer Str. 2, Neubrandenburg, 17033, Germany
| | - Cassandra Leah Quave
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, 30322, Georgia, USA; Center for Study of Human Health, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, 30322, Georgia, USA
| | - Leif-Alexander Garbe
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III - Process Sciences, Technical University of Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin, 13355, Germany; Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Brodaer Str. 2, Neubrandenburg, 17033, Germany; ZELT - Neubrandenburg Center for Nutrition and Food Technology gGmbH, Seestraße 7A, Neubrandenburg, 17033, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kathamuthu GR, Moideen K, Kumar NP, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Altered systemic levels of acute phase proteins in tuberculous lymphadenitis and modulation after treatment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233426. [PMID: 32470023 PMCID: PMC7259661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is characterized by elevated levels of acute phase proteins (APPs), but their association with tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is poorly studied. Methods We examined the systemic levels of APPs (alpha-2-macroglobulin [⍺-2MG], serum amyloid A [SAA], C-reactive protein [CRP] and haptoglobin [Hp]) in TBL, PTB, latent tuberculosis (LTB) and healthy controls (HC) at baseline and in TBL after the completion of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). We have also examined the association of these proteins with lymph node (LN) size, culture grade and multiple versus single LN involvement. Results TBL individuals exhibited increased systemic levels of ⍺-2MG, SAA, CRP and Hp in comparison to HCs and increased CRP levels in comparison to LTB individuals. TBL individuals also exhibited decreased systemic levels of Hp compared to PTB individuals. APPs were not significantly associated with LN size, LN involvement and culture grade, indicating a lack of association with disease severity. Following ATT, post-treatment levels of ⍺-2MG, CRP and Hp were significantly diminished compared to pre-treatment levels. Conclusion TBL disease is characterized by altered levels of APPs at baseline and modulated following treatment, indicating the presence of systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|