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Kianmehr M, Behdadfard M, Hedayati-Moghadam M, Khazdair MR. Effects of Herbs and Derived Natural Products on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toxicity: A Literature Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7675183. [PMID: 37102170 PMCID: PMC10125742 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7675183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress (OS) during inflammation can increase inflammatory responses and damage tissue. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce oxidative stress and inflammation in several organs. Natural products have several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory properties. The aims of the study are to study the possible therapeutic effects of natural products on LPS inducing toxicity on the nervous system, lung, liver, and immune system. Methods The in vitro and in vivo research articles that were published in the last 5 years were included in the current study. The keywords included "lipopolysaccharide," "toxicity," "natural products," and "plant extract" were searched in different databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar until October 2021. Results The results of most studies indicated that some medicinal herbs and their potent natural products can help to prevent, treat, and manage LPS-induced toxicity. Medicinal herbs and plant-derived natural products showed promising effects on managing and treating oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunomodulation by several mechanisms. Conclusion However, these findings provide information about natural products for the prevention and treatment of LPS-induced toxicity, but the scientific validation of natural products requires more evidence on animal models to replace modern commercial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Behdadfard
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Raj JP, Venkatachalam S, S Amaravati R. Safety and Efficacy of Moderately-High Dose Turmacin® (Turmerosaccharide >10% w/w) Supplementation on Joint Discomfort in Healthy Adults - A Pilot Proof-of-Concept Single Arm Study. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:28-37. [PMID: 36786714 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2176577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric is well-known for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties but 69.4% of the turmeric rhizome contains Turmerosaccharides whose clinical benefit is still unexplored. Turmacin®/NR-INF-02 is an aqueous extract of Turmeric containing Turmerosaccharides (>10%w/w) with negligible curcuminoids. Previous study with low dose Turmacin® confirmed its safety and efficacy in alleviating induced knee pain in healthy volunteers. Hence, this study aimed to assess the safety and explore the efficacy of moderately high dose Turmacin®. It was an open-label, single-arm interventional trial conducted from August 2018 - January 2019 in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Turmacin® was administered for seven days to 15 healthy volunteers as four capsules of 500 mg each in the morning with food. The stair mill at a speed of 60 steps per minute was used to induce knee pain and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure the pain intensity. Assessments were performed at baseline, Days 5 and 7. One participant reported dyspepsia of mild grade that resolved on its own. When compared to baseline, time to initial discomfort significantly increased on Day-5 (Mean Difference [MD] = 30s, p = 0.016) and Day-7 (MD = 32s, p = 0.007). Whereas the maximum VAS score decreased with time and on Day-7 and it was significantly low when compared with baseline (MD = -0.93, p = 0.008). In summary, Turmacin® supplements given at a dose of 2 g/day was safe and tolerable. Similar to the previous study with low dose Turmacin®, there was a significant increase in pain threshold and decrease in the maximum pain score post intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pradeep Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreeraam Venkatachalam
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Consultant Arthroscopy and Trauma Surgeon, Kurinji Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajkumar S Amaravati
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Zeng L, Yang T, Yang K, Yu G, Li J, Xiang W, Chen H. Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891822. [PMID: 35935936 PMCID: PMC9353077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundModern pharmacological research found that the chemical components of Curcuma longa L. are mainly curcumin and turmeric volatile oil. Several recent randomized controlled trials (RCT) have shown that curcumin improves symptoms and inflammation in patients with arthritis.MethodsPubmed, Cochran Library, CNKI, and other databases were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Then, the risk of bias of RCTs were assessed and data of RCTs were extracted. Finally, RevMan 5.3 was utilized for meta-analysis.ResultsTwenty-nine (29) RCTs involving 2396 participants and 5 types of arthritis were included. The arthritis included Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Osteoarthritis (OA), Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and gout/hyperuricemia. Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract were administered in doses ranging from 120 mg to 1500 mg for a duration of 4-36 weeks. In general, Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract showed safety in all studies and improved the severity of inflammation and pain levels in these arthritis patients. However, more RCTs are needed in the future to elucidate the effect of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract supplementation in patients with arthritis, including RA, OA, AS and JIA.ConclusionCurcumin and Curcuma longa Extract may improve symptoms and inflammation levels in people with arthritis. However, due to the low quality and small quantity of RCTs, the conclusions need to be interpreted carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Chen, ; Liuting Zeng, ; Tiejun Yang, ; Kailin Yang,
| | - Tiejun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Chen, ; Liuting Zeng, ; Tiejun Yang, ; Kailin Yang,
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Chen, ; Liuting Zeng, ; Tiejun Yang, ; Kailin Yang,
| | - Ganpeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital Changde City, Changde City, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Chen, ; Liuting Zeng, ; Tiejun Yang, ; Kailin Yang,
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Saadat S, Beigoli S, Khazdair MR, Amin F, Boskabady MH. Experimental and Clinical Studies on the Effects of Natural Products on Noxious Agents-Induced Lung Disorders, a Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:867914. [PMID: 35662950 PMCID: PMC9158561 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.867914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The harmful effects of various noxious agents (NA) are well-known and there are reports regarding the induction of various lung disorders due to exposure to these agents both in animal and human studies. In addition, various studies have shown the effects of natural products (NP) on NA-induced lung disorders. The effects of various NP, including medicinal plants and their derivatives, on lung injury induced by NA, were reviewed in this study. The improving effects of various NP including medicinal plants, such as Aloe vera, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Avena sativa, Crocus sativus, Curcuma longa, Dioscorea batatas, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Gentiana veitchiorum, Gentiopicroside, Houttuynia cordata, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Hochu-ekki-to, Hippophae rhamnoides, Juglans regia, Melanocarpa fruit juice, Mikania glomerata, Mikania laevigata, Moringa oleifera, Myrtus communis L., Lamiaceae, Myrtle, Mosla scabra leaves, Nectandra leucantha, Nigella sativa, Origanum vulgare L, Pulicaria petiolaris, Paulownia tomentosa, Pomegranate seed oil, Raphanus sativus L. var niger, Rosa canina, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Taraxacum mongolicum, Tribulus Terrestris, Telfairia occidentalis, Taraxacum officinale, TADIOS, Xuebijing, Viola yedoensis, Zataria multiflora, Zingiber officinale, Yin-Chiao-San, and their derivatives, on lung injury induced by NA were shown by their effects on lung inflammatory cells and mediators, oxidative stress markers, immune responses, and pathological changes in the experimental studies. Some clinical studies also showed the therapeutic effects of NP on respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests (PFT), and inflammatory markers. Therefore, the results of this study showed the possible therapeutic effects of various NP on NA-induced lung disorders by the amelioration of various features of lung injury. However, further clinical studies are needed to support the therapeutic effects of NP on NA-induced lung disorders for clinical practice purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Saadat
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amin
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Hossein Boskabady ;
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Mukherjee PK, Efferth T, Das B, Kar A, Ghosh S, Singha S, Debnath P, Sharma N, Bhardwaj PK, Haldar PK. Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153930. [PMID: 35114450 PMCID: PMC8730822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide corona virus disease outbreak, generally known as COVID-19 pandemic outbreak resulted in a major health crisis globally. The morbidity and transmission modality of COVID-19 appear more severe and uncontrollable. The respiratory failure and following cardiovascular complications are the main pathophysiology of this deadly disease. Several therapeutic strategies are put forward for the development of safe and effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 virus from the pharmacological view point but till date there are no specific treatment regimen developed for this viral infection. PURPOSE The present review emphasizes the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus and also for the management of post-COVID-19 related complications. This approach will foster and ensure the safeguards of using medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system. Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been reported to prevent the viral infection and to overcome the post-COVID complications like parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lungs injury and mental problems. In this review, we explored mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytocomponenets as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating the immunological and inflammatory states. STUDY DESIGN Studies related to diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued for COVID-19 by different traditional system of medicine were included. The information was gathered from pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions approaches. The gathered information sorted based on therapeutic application of herbs and their components against SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19 related complications. METHODS A systemic search of published literature was conducted from 2003 to 2021 using different literature database like Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science to emphasize relevant articles on medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and Post-COVID related complications. RESULTS Collected published literature from 2003 onwards yielded with total 625 articles, from more than 18 countries. Among these 625 articles, more than 95 medicinal plants and 25 active phytomolecules belong to 48 plant families. Reports on the therapeutic activity of the medicinal plants belong to the Lamiaceae family (11 reports), which was found to be maximum reported from 4 different countries including India, China, Australia, and Morocco. Other reports on the medicinal plant of Asteraceae (7 reports), Fabaceae (8 reports), Piperaceae (3 reports), Zingiberaceae (3 reports), Ranunculaceae (3 reports), Meliaceae (4 reports) were found, which can be explored for the development of safe and efficacious products targeting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind that the natural alternatives are in the priority for the management and prevention of the COVID-19, the present review may help to develop an alternative approach for the management of COVID-19 viral infection and post-COVID complications from a mechanistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India; School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | | | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
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Nguyen HD, Oh H, Kim MS. The association between curry-rice consumption and hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and depression: The findings from KNHANES 2012-2016. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102378. [PMID: 34974329 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aim to evaluate the association between curry-rice consumption, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes (T2DB), arthritis, and depression. METHODS 17,625 participants aged ≥18 years were recruited to obtain data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, medical history, current medications, family history, and food consumption. The association between curry-rice consumption, CVDs, T2DB, arthritis, and depression was examined using multivariable-adjusted analyses. RESULTS In the logistic model, risks of elevated triglyceride (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97, p = 0.006), elevated HbA1c (OR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.91, p < 0.001), and elevated glucose (OR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.94, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the high curry-rice consumption group than in the low curry-rice consumption group. Risk of hypertension (OR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98, p = 0.044), T2DB (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.98, p < 0.001), and depression (OR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97, p = 0.026) was significantly lower among the high curry-rice consumption group than in the low curry-rice consumption group. These findings were consistent with the results of the analysis when curry-rice consumption was treated as a continuous variable. CONCLUSIONS The potential health benefits resulting from the intake of curry-rice via an ordinary diet could protect the public from the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and mental health. These results highlight an ongoing need to understand the role of curry-rice in NCDs and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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Peng H, Wang J, Song X, Huang J, Hua H, Wang F, Xu Z, Ma J, Gao J, Zhao J, Nong A, Huang D, Liang B. PHLDA1 Suppresses TLR4-Triggered Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Interaction With Tollip. Front Immunol 2022; 13:731500. [PMID: 35237256 PMCID: PMC8882599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.731500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 (PHLDA1) has been reported to be expressed in many mammalian tissues and cells. However, the functions and exact mechanisms of PHLDA1 remain unclear. In this study, we found that PHLDA1 expression was significantly altered in macrophages after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, suggesting that PHLDA1 may be involved in the regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway activated by LPS. PHLDA1 attenuated the production of LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Further research showed that the phosphorylation levels of some important signal molecules in TLR4/MyD88-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were reduced by PHLDA1, which in turn impaired the transcription factors NF-κB and AP1 nuclear translocation and their responsive element activities. Furthermore, we found that PHLDA1 repressed LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production via binding to Tollip which restrained TLR4 signaling pathway. A mouse model of endotoxemia was established to confirm the above similar results. In brief, our findings demonstrate that PHLDA1 is a negative regulator of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by Tollip, suggesting that PHLDA1 plays an anti-inflammatory role through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway with the help of Tollip. PHLDA1 may be a novel therapeutic target in treating endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chao Shan Area of Guang Dong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Juping Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xuhong Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chao Shan Area of Guang Dong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiangni Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Haoming Hua
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Fanlu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ziyun Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Anna Nong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Dongyang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chao Shan Area of Guang Dong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liang, ; Dongyang Huang,
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chao Shan Area of Guang Dong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liang, ; Dongyang Huang,
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Laokor N, Juntachai W. Exploring the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of Zingiberaceae rhizome extracts against Malassezia furfur. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114354. [PMID: 34157325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizomes from members of Zingiberaceae have long been used in Thai traditional medicine to treat cutaneous fungal infections, including Malassezia-related skin disorders. Alpinia galanga, Curcuma longa, Zingiber cassumunar, and Zingiber officinale are particularly popular in folk remedies. AIM OF THE STUDY On account of the application background in traditional medicine, the present study aims to screen and determine the composition and possible mechanism of the rhizome extracts of selected Zingiberaceae and corresponding fractions against M. furfur. MATERIALS AND METHODS All solvent extracts (ethanol, methanol, and n-hexane) obtained from each plant were screened for anti-Malassezia activity by agar disc diffusion assay. The MIC and MFC values of the potent rhizome extract and its bioactive fraction isolated by TLC were determined using broth dilution assay followed by chemical characterization using GC-MS. The anti-Malassezia mechanism was investigated by macroscopic and microscopic observation of cells grown in the yeast phase and hyphal phase. RESULTS The primary screening results showed that the n-hexane extract from A. galanga possessed the most significant anti-Malassezia activity. The MIC and MFC values of this extract were in a range of 0.04-0.08 mg/mL and 0.04-0.16 mg/mL, respectively. The TLC purification of the n-hexane extract from A. galanga gave a total of nine fractions, of which only a single exhibited anti-Malassezia activity. The GC-MS analysis of the rhizome extract and the derivative fraction revealed that the major constituents were (2,6-dimethylphenyl)borate followed by a trace content of 1,8-cineol and hydrocarbons. For the antifungal mechanism of the fraction, treatments of the fraction led to morphological changes in cell size and shape, exerted massive vacuoles in yeast form, and inhibited the transition to hyphae but not likely affected chitin contents of the cell wall of M. furfur. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, the n-hexane extract of A. galanga rhizome exhibits promising anti-Malassezia potential. The inhibitory effect on virulent hyphal growth supports that A. galanga is a valuable source of natural antifungal agents for further pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthavadh Laokor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Weerapong Juntachai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Rehman MSU, Rehman SU, Yousaf W, Hassan FU, Ahmad W, Liu Q, Pan H. The Potential of Toll-Like Receptors to Modulate Avian Immune System: Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variants and Phytonutrients. Front Genet 2021; 12:671235. [PMID: 34512716 PMCID: PMC8427530 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.671235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition receptors, and primitive sources of innate immune response that also play key roles in the defense mechanism against infectious diseases. About 10 different TLRs have been discovered in chicken that recognize ligands and participate in TLR signaling pathways. Research findings related to TLRs revealed new approaches to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the immune system, patterns of resistance against diseases, and the role of TLR-specific pathways in nutrient metabolism in chicken. In particular, the uses of specific feed ingredients encourage molecular biologists to exploit the relationship between nutrients (including different phytochemicals) and TLRs to modulate immunity in chicken. Phytonutrients and prebiotics are noteworthy dietary components to promote immunity and the production of disease-resistant chicken. Supplementations of yeast-derived products have also been extensively studied to enhance innate immunity during the last decade. Such interventions pave the way to explore nutrigenomic approaches for healthy and profitable chicken production. Additionally, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TLRs have shown potential association with few disease outbreaks in chickens. This review aimed to provide insights into the key roles of TLRs in the immune response and discuss the potential applications of these TLRs for genomic and nutritional interventions to improve health, and resistance against different fatal diseases in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saif-Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wasim Yousaf
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongping Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Murugan S, Solanki H, Purusothaman D, Bethapudi B, Ravalji M, Mundkinajeddu D. Safety Evaluation of Standardized Extract of Curcuma longa (NR-INF-02): A 90-Day Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6671853. [PMID: 34337042 PMCID: PMC8294958 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
NR-INF-02 is a standardized extract containing turmerosaccharides from Curcuma longa that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and chondroprotective potential. In view of its potential uses, NR-INF-02 was evaluated for its safety in Wistar rats at an oral dose of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg in a 90-day repeated dose subchronic toxicity study. NR-INF-02 administered at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days did not show any mortality or clinical signs of toxicity. Body weight gain, food consumption, ocular and neurological examination, and hematological, blood biochemical, hormone, and urine analysis revealed no evidence of toxicity of NR-INF-02 treatment in rats. Absolute and relative organ weights were comparable to control rats. The study did not reveal any major treatment related gross pathological and histopathological alterations in the tissues or organs examined. Thus, based on study observations, the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was found to be 1000 mg/kg body weight in albino Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikumar Murugan
- R&D Center, Natural Remedies Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Divya Purusothaman
- R&D Center, Natural Remedies Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharathi Bethapudi
- R&D Center, Natural Remedies Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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11
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Shirinsky I, Shirinsky V, Filatova K, Yu Z, Chi Y, Thompson JY, Bleakley C. Curcuma longa (turmeric) or its active ingredients for osteoarthritis. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Shirinsky
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunopharmacology; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Valery Shirinsky
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunopharmacology; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Katerina Filatova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunopharmacology; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Zeyu Yu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Yuan Chi
- Yealth Network; Beijing Yealth Technology Co., Ltd; Beijing China
| | - Jacqueline Y Thompson
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
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12
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Yuandani, Jantan I, Rohani AS, Sumantri IB. Immunomodulatory Effects and Mechanisms of Curcuma Species and Their Bioactive Compounds: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643119. [PMID: 33995049 PMCID: PMC8120430 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma species (family: Zingiberaceae) are widely utilized in traditional medicine to treat diverse immune-related disorders. There have been many scientific studies on their immunomodulating effects to support their ethnopharmacological uses. In this review, the efficacy of six Curcuma species, namely, C. longa L., C. zanthorrhiza Roxb., C. mangga Valeton & Zijp, C. aeruginosa Roxb. C. zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, and C. amada Roxb., and their bioactive metabolites to modulate the immune system, their mechanistic effects, and their potential to be developed into effective and safe immunomodulatory agents are highlighted. Literature search has been carried out extensively to gather significant findings on immunomodulating activities of these plants. The immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma species were critically analyzed, and future research strategies and appropriate perspectives on the plants as source of new immunomodulators were discussed. Most of the pharmacological investigations to evaluate their immunomodulatory effects were in vivo and in vitro experiments on the crude extracts of the plants. The extracts were not chemically characterized or standardized. Of all the Curcuma species investigated, the immunomodulatory effects of C. longa were the most studied. Most of the bioactive metabolites responsible for the immunomodulating activities were not determined, and mechanistic studies to understand the underlying mechanisms were scanty. There are limited clinical studies to confirm their efficacy in human. Of all the bioactive metabolites, only curcumin is undergoing extensive clinical trials based on its anti-inflammatory properties and main use as an adjuvant for the treatment of cancer. More in-depth studies to understand the underlying mechanisms using experimental in vivo animal models of immune-related disorders and elaborate bioavailability, preclinical pharmacokinetics, and toxicity studies are required before clinical trials can be pursued for development into immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ade Sri Rohani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Imam Bagus Sumantri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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13
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Gupta PK, Sonewane K, Rajan M, Patil NJ, Agrawal T, Banerjee ER, Chauhan NS, Kumar A. Scientific rationale of Indian AYUSH Ministry advisory for COVID-19 prevention, prophylaxis, and immunomodulation. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8082487 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current outbreak of COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that has affected > 210 countries. Various steps are taken by different countries to tackle the current war-like health situation. In India, the Ministry of AYUSH released a self-care advisory for immunomodulation measures during the COVID-19 and this review article discusses the detailed scientific rationale associated with this advisory. Authors have spotted and presented in-depth insight of advisory in terms of immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, co-morbidity associated actions, and their probable mechanism of action. Immunomodulatory actions of advised herbs with no significant adverse drug reaction/toxicity strongly support the extension of advisory for COVID-19 prevention, prophylaxis, mitigations, and rehabilitation capacities. This advisory also emphasized Dhyana (meditation) and Yogasanas as a holistic approach in enhancing immunity, mental health, and quality of life. The present review may open-up new meadows for research and can provide better conceptual leads for future researches in immunomodulation, antiviral-development, psychoneuroimmunology, especially for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kishor Sonewane
- Department of Balroga, Shri NPA Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur (CG), India
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nitin J. Patil
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Sri Devraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka India
| | - Trapti Agrawal
- Department of Stri Roga & Prasuti Tantra, Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ena Ray Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Immunology and Regenerative Medicine Research Unit, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra (State Government Lab of AYUSH), Government Ayurvedic College, Raipur (CG), India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur (CG), 492010 India
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14
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Duangyod T, Rujanapan N, Champakam S, Charoensup R. Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical constituents of red limestone. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:185-189. [PMID: 34159152 PMCID: PMC8177145 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_55_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Red limestone is a mixture of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder and limestone which is made from burning shells at high temperature. The yellow mixture turns to red color or deep orange because of the reaction between turmeric and calcium carbonate in limestone. Red limestone is traditionally used to treat many diseases such as abscess, cut wound and insect bite. The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity and chemical constituents of red limestone. The chemical analysis of red limestone extract by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that red limestone consisted of alpha-turmerone and curcumanolide B as major components. These compounds were related with the chemical constituents in C. longa extract which is a main ingredient of red limestone. However, curcuminoids were not detected in red limestone extract. Cytotoxicity of red limestone extract was investigated. Macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7) and human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT cells) were investigated cell viability using MTT assay. Red limestone extract was nontoxic to normal cells such as macrophage cells and human keratinocyte cells. Moreover, the inflammatory activity was detected nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW 264.7 cells. The result showed that the extracts inhibited NO in dose-dependent manner and IC50 was found to be 102.42 μg/ml. It suggested that red limestone extract had a potential for anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thidarat Duangyod
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Medicinal Plants Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Narawadee Rujanapan
- Medicinal Plants Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Sorraya Champakam
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Medicinal Plants Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Charoensup
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Medicinal Plants Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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15
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Ahmad S, Zahiruddin S, Parveen B, Basist P, Parveen A, Gaurav, Parveen R, Ahmad M. Indian Medicinal Plants and Formulations and Their Potential Against COVID-19-Preclinical and Clinical Research. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578970. [PMID: 33737875 PMCID: PMC7962606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cases of COVID-19 are still increasing day-by-day worldwide, even after a year of its first occurrence in Wuhan city of China. The spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection is very fast and different from other SARS-CoV infections possibly due to structural differences in S proteins. The patients with severe diseases may die due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by systemic inflammatory reactions due to the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the immune effector cells. In India too, it is spreading very rapidly, although the case fatality rate is below 1.50% (https://www.statista.com), which is markedly less than in other countries, despite the dense population and minimal health infrastructure in rural areas. This may be due to the routine use of many immunomodulator medicinal plants and traditional AYUSH formulations by the Indian people. This communication reviews the AYUSH recommended formulations and their ingredients, routinely used medicinal plants and formulations by Indian population as well as other promising Indian medicinal plants, which can be tested against COVID-19. Special emphasis is placed on Indian medicinal plants reported for antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory activities and they are categorized for prioritization in research on the basis of earlier reports. The traditional AYUSH medicines currently under clinical trials against COVID-19 are also discussed as well as furtherance of pre-clinical and clinical testing of the potential traditional medicines against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. The results of the clinical studies on AYUSH drugs will guide the policymakers from the AYUSH systems of medicines to maneuver their policies for public health, provide information to the global scientific community and could form a platform for collaborative studies at national and global levels. It is thereby suggested that promising AYUSH formulations and Indian medicinal plants must be investigated on a priority basis to solve the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Parakh Basist
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Minhaj Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
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16
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Patel B, Sharma S, Nair N, Majeed J, Goyal RK, Dhobi M. Therapeutic opportunities of edible antiviral plants for COVID-19. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2345-2364. [PMID: 33587232 PMCID: PMC7882868 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of Serious Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that produces corona virus disease (COVID-19) has challenged the entire mankind by rapidly spreading globally in 210 countries affecting over 25 million people and about 1 million deaths worldwide. It continues to spread, afflicting the health system globally. So far there is no remedy for the ailment and the available antiviral regimens have been unsatisfactory for the clinical outcomes and the mode of treatment has been mainly supportive for the prevention of COVID-19-induced morbidity and mortality. From the time immortal the traditional plant-based ethno-medicines have provided the leads for the treatment of infectious diseases. Phytopharmaceuticals have provided potential and less toxic antiviral drugs as compared to conventional modern therapeutics which are associated with severe toxicities. The ethnopharmacological knowledge about plants has provided food supplements and nutraceuticals as a promise for prevention and treatment of the current pandemic. In this review article, we have attempted to comprehend the information about the edible medicinal plant materials with potential antiviral activity specifically against RNA virus which additionally possess property to improve immunity along with external and internal respiration and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties for the prevention and treatment of the disease. This will open an arena for the development of novel nutraceutical herbal formulations as an alternative therapy that can be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Nisha Nair
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Jaseela Majeed
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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17
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Chogale MM, Gaikwad SS, Kulkarni SP, Patravale VB. Quality-by-design Enabled Chitosan Nanoparticles for Antitubercular Therapy: Formulation, Statistical Optimization, and In Vitro Characterization. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885515666200722150305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be among the leading causes of high mortality
among developing countries. Though a seemingly effective treatment regimen against TB is
in place, there has been no significant improvement in the therapeutic rates. This is primarily owing
to the high drug doses, their associated side-effects, and prolonged treatment regimen. Discontinuation
of therapy due to the severe side effects of the drugs results in the progression of the infection
to the more severe drug-resistant TB.
Objectives:
Reformulation of the current existing anti TB drugs into more efficient dosage forms
could be an ideal way out. Nanoformulations have been known to mitigate the side effects of toxic,
high-dose drugs. Hence, the current research work involves the formulation of Isoniazid (INH; a
first-line anti TB molecule) loaded chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary administration.
Methods:
INH loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using an anionic
crosslinker. Drug-excipient compatibility was evaluated using DSC and FT-IR. The formulation
was optimized on the principles of Quality-by-Design using a full factorial design.
Results:
The obtained nanoparticles were spherical in shape having an average size of 620±10.97
nm and zeta potential +16.87±0.79 mV. Solid-state characterization revealed partial encapsulation
and amorphization of INH into the nanoparticulate system. In vitro release study confirmed an extended
release of INH from the system. In vitro cell line-based safety and efficacy studies revealed
satisfactory results.
Conclusion:
The developed nanosystem is thus an efficient approach for antitubercular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi M. Chogale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai-400 019,India
| | - Sujay S. Gaikwad
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annex, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai-400 012, Maharashtra,India
| | - Savita P. Kulkarni
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annex, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai-400 012, Maharashtra,India
| | - Vandana B. Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai-400 019,India
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18
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A Review of Malaysian Herbal Plants and Their Active Constituents with Potential Therapeutic Applications in Sepsis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8257817. [PMID: 33193799 PMCID: PMC7641701 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8257817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis refers to organ failure due to uncontrolled body immune responses towards infection. The systemic inflammatory response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, is accompanied by the release of various proinflammatory mediators that can lead to organ damage. The progression to septic shock is even more life-threatening due to hypotension. Thus, sepsis is a leading cause of death and morbidity globally. However, current therapies are mainly symptomatic treatment and rely on the use of antibiotics. The lack of a specific treatment demands exploration of new drugs. Malaysian herbal plants have a long history of usage for medicinal purposes. A total of 64 Malaysian plants commonly used in the herbal industry have been published in Malaysian Herbal Monograph 2015 and Globinmed website (http://www.globinmed.com/). An extensive bibliographic search in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus revealed that seven of these plants have antisepsis properties, as evidenced by the therapeutic effect of their extracts or isolated compounds against sepsis-associated inflammatory responses or conditions in in vitro or/and in vivo studies. These include Andrographis paniculata, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum, Momordica charantia, and Centella asiatica. Among these, Z. officinale is the most widely studied plant and seems to have the highest potential for future therapeutic applications in sepsis. Although both extracts as well as active constituents from these herbal plants have demonstrated potential antisepsis activity, the activity might be primarily contributed by the active constituent(s) from each of these plants, which are andrographolide (A. paniculata), 6-gingerol and zingerone (Z. officinale), curcumin (C. longa), piperine and pellitorine (P. nigrum), biflorin (S. aromaticum), and asiaticoside, asiatic acid, and madecassoside (C. asiatica). These active constituents have shown great antisepsis effects, and further investigations into their clinical therapeutic potential may be worthwhile.
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19
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Raj JP, Venkatachalam S, Racha P, Bhaskaran S, Amaravati RS. Effect of Turmacin supplementation on joint discomfort and functional outcome among healthy participants - A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 53:102522. [PMID: 33066856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Curcuma longa has been widely used in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties and Turmacin was developed from C. longa as a standardized extract containing turmerosaccharides. In this clinical trial, the effect of Turmacin on knee joint discomfort in healthy adults subjected to strenuous physical activity was evaluated. DESIGN Double-blind, triple-arm, parallel-group, randomized placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Healthy participants from an urban tertiary care teaching hospital. INTERVENTION Healthy participants were randomized in 1:1:1 ratio to receive either Turmacin 0.5 g/1 g or placebo once daily for 84 days. The participants were subjected to 10-minute strenuous exercise. OUTCOME MEASURES Time to initial pain, final pain score on a visual analogue scale, range of movement (ROM) of knee and the force of contractions of muscles around the knee joint. RESULTS A total of n = 90 participants were recruited. The mean final pain scores were significantly lower in the Turmacin 1 g and Turmacin 0.5 g when compared with the placebo from day-7 and day-5 onwards respectively. The survival analysis consistently showed a decreased hazard for early onset of pain in both the Turmacin groups. On day-84, the difference in mean ROM between Turmacin 0.5 g and placebo was 4.79 degrees (p = 0.008) and that for Turmacin 1 g and placebo was 2.34 degrees (p = 0.306). The difference in muscle force for isokinetic contractions of the quadriceps at angular velocities of 120 and 180 was significant between Turmacin 0.5 g and placebo (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005 respectively) while that for Turmacin 1 g & Turmacin 0.5 g (p = 0.206 and p = 0.414 respectively) and Turmacin 1 g & Placebo (p = 0.046 and p = 0.037) were not significant. However, in the within group analysis participants in Turmacin 1 g group had better preserved muscle functions than Turmacin 0.5 g group at angular velocities of 120 and 180 when compared with placebo. CONCLUSION Turmacin (0.5 g and 1 g) was efficacious when compared to placebo in increasing the pain threshold and knee ROM in healthy participants with minor adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pradeep Raj
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560 034, India.
| | | | - Pranathi Racha
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560 034, India
| | - Sreejith Bhaskaran
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore 560 034, India
| | - Rajkumar S Amaravati
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560 034, India
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20
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Isbill J, Kandiah J, Kružliaková N. Opportunities for Health Promotion: Highlighting Herbs and Spices to Improve Immune Support and Well-being. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020; 19:30-42. [PMID: 33488303 PMCID: PMC7815254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Consuming a balanced and varied diet is beneficial for health, especially when individuals feel stressed, scared, insecure, unequipped, or disempowered from maintaining their health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrient deficiencies from inadequate intake of healthful foods can contribute to a weakened immune system and greater susceptibility to infection. Including herbs and spices in a balanced and diverse diet is one of the highlights of nutritious eating that supports health and immunity. OBJECTIVE The review intended to examine ways to integrate specific herbs and spices into people's diets and to use them therapeutically in holistic, integrated health promotion. DESIGN The research team performed a narrative review by searching PubMed Central and Google Scholar databases. The team developed a search strategy focused on specific common names of spices and herbs in combination with other terms, such as health benefits, health promotion, immunity, inflammation. SETTING This review was conducted in Muncie and Columbus, Indiana. RESULTS This review uncovered studies documenting the many therapeutic properties of herbs within the lamiaceae family, particularly basil and spearmint, and spices, including cloves, ginger, and turmeric. Substantial evidence suggests that consumption of a healthful diet, inclusive of herbs and spices, may strengthen the body's immune system against diseases including highly contagious viruses. CONCLUSIONS With respect to herbs and spices, the current review's findings can help to inform and support future recommendations for a standard within the professions of health to provide an improved, healthier, and well-educated dietary guidance for individuals. More studies are needed on the consumption of herbs and spices in human trials to elicit evidence beyond preclinical and animal studies.
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21
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Lee SY, Cho SS, Li Y, Bae CS, Park KM, Park DH. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri Co-treatment via NF-κB and COX-2 Pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5718. [PMID: 32235914 PMCID: PMC7109078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inflammation is a host defense mechanism, chronic inflammation mediates several diseases, including cancer, allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases, and reportedly, it is associated with a 60% mortality rate. There are several reports on the anti-inflammatory effects of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri. However, although they can be used as culinary materials and have biological effects, they are not effective anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we evaluated the synergic effect of C. longa and A. hookeri in order to confirm the possibility of a new anti-inflammatory agent. Based on cell viability and cytokine analyses, the appropriate ratio of C. longa and A. hookeri was confirmed using an air pouch animal model. Then, the anti-inflammatory effect of C. longa and A. hookeri co-treatment was evaluated by measuring the immune cell count and cytokines in the exudate and by comparing the morphological changes and cytokines in inflamed skin samples. Additionally, we evaluated the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway and iNOS levels. The active constituents detected in C. longa were demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, and that detected in A. hookeri was methylsulfonylmethane. An in vitro assessment determined the appropriate drug ratio as 3:7. In a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model, co-treatment effectively suppressed inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-17, and recovered inflammation-related morphological changes in the skin. The anti-inflammatory effect of the co-treatment was mediated through the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway and iNOS inhibition. We concluded that co-treatment with C. longa and A. hookeri synergistically inhibited inflammation via the NF-κB/COX-2/iNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Young Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, 58245, Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan Jeonnam, 58579, Korea
| | - YongChun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, 58245, Korea.
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, 58245, Korea.
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Lee EJ, Hwang JS, Kang ES, Lee SB, Hur J, Lee WJ, Choi MJ, Kim JT, Seo HG. Nanoemulsions improve the efficacy of turmeric in palmitate- and high fat diet-induced cellular and animal models. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:181-189. [PMID: 30469082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Turmeric is a well-known functional food exhibiting multiple biological activities in health and disease. However, low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability limit its therapeutic potential. Herein, we investigated the utility of nanoemulsions as a carrier to improve the efficacy of turmeric. Compared with turmeric extract (TE), 5% TE-loaded nanoemulsion (TE-NE), which contains 20-fold lower curcumin content than TE, achieved similar inhibition of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Exposure of HepG2 cells to 5% TE-NE also suppressed the palmitate-induced accumulation of lipid vacuoles and reactive oxygen species comparably with TE, and was accompanied by decreased levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPAR-γ2), cleaved caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Consistent with these effects in HepG2 cells, oral administration of 5% TE-NE to mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) markedly suppressed lipid accumulation in liver, leading to a significant reduction in body weight and adipose tissue weight, equivalent to the effects observed with TE. Compared with TE, 5% TE-NE also equivalently inhibited the levels of SREBP-1, PPAR-γ2, cleaved caspase-3, and PARP in the liver of mice fed a HFD. Furthermore, TE and 5% TE-NE significantly improved serum lipid profiles in a similar manner. These observations indicate that nanoemulsions can improve the efficacy of turmeric, thereby eliciting more potent biological efficacy against palmitate- and high fat diet (HFD)-induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seok Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sil Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hur
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Chumpol J, Siri S. Electrospun cellulose acetate membrane for size separating and antibacterial screening of crude polysaccharides. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 10:405-410. [PMID: 27906142 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to produce electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) membrane as the alternative supporting medium for a separation of crude polysaccharides by electrophoresis and a screening of their antibacterial activity. Among the tested conditions of fabrication, electrospun CA membrane at 57% porosity showed the best separation of each polysaccharide from the standard mixture and the crude extract of Aloe vera via electrophoresis. As compared with the commercial CA membrane, the produced electrospun CA membrane demonstrated more separated spots of polysaccharides. The antibacterial activity of the electrophoretic polysaccharide was also determined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as the inhibition zone after the bacterial culture agar was overlaid on the membrane and incubated for 24 h. The results of this study suggested the potential application of electrospun CA membrane combining with electrophoresis as a simple method for separating crude polysaccharides and screening for their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Chumpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sineenat Siri
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
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Wu HP, Lin YK. Effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, and Curcuma longa L. on Th1- and Th2-cytokine responses and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of septic patients. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 217:195-204. [PMID: 29462699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), such as Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, and Curcuma longa L., have been reported to have various immune-modulatory effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the effects of extracts from these three TCM on type 1 T help (Th1)- and Th2-cytokine responses and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from septic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs of healthy controls and septic patients were cultured for 48 hs with or without 0.05/0.1 mg/ml of TCM extract. HLA-DR expression in monocytes was detected using flow cytofluorimetry. The interferon [IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin (IL)- 2, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 levels in supernatants were measured with a human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Treatment with either 0.05 or 0.1 mg/ml of C. longa L. extract significantly restored the percentage of HLA-DR-positive monocytes, which was decreased by LPS in control and patient groups. Treatment with 0.05 or 0.1 mg/ml E. ulmoides Oliv. and C.longa L. extract decreased IL-10 production from LPS-stimulated PBMCs of controls and patients. In patients with sepsis, C. longa L. extract decreased IL-10 production to a greater degree than did E. ulmoides Oliv extract. Although IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-13 productions from LPS-stimulated PBMCs were influenced by E. ulmoides Oliv., G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, or C. longa L. in control or sepsis groups in this study, only the influence of IL-10 was consistent in both control and sepsis groups. CONCLUSIONS By enhancing monocyte HLA-DR expression and decreasing IL-10 production, C. longa L. might help restore inflammatory responses in septic patients to eradicate pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Pin Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Ku Lin
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
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Prunus cerasoides fruit extract ameliorates inflammatory stress by modulation of iNOS pathway and Th1/Th2 immune homeostasis in activated murine macrophages and lymphocytes. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1483-1495. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Velusami CC, Richard EJ, Bethapudi B. Polar extract of Curcuma longa protects cartilage homeostasis: possible mechanism of action. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1233-1243. [PMID: 29313174 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcuma longa has been well documented for managing joint inflammation and pain. The present study investigated the effect of polar extract of C. longa (NR-INF-02) on cartilage homeostasis in human articular chondrocytes knee (NHAC-kn) cells to understand its plausible mechanism of action. METHODS Dysregulation of cartilage homeostasis was induced by IL-1β and H2O2. Modulating effects of NR-INF-02 on degradation markers viz., chondrocyte apoptosis, senescence, cytokine, eicosanoids, and cartilage synthesis markers viz., glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen degradation was evaluated in human articular chondrocytes knee (NHAC-kn) cells. Further, the effect of NR-INF-02 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of NF-kB in RAW264.7 macrophages was investigated. RESULTS NR-INF-02 significantly attenuated IL-1β-induced chondrocyte cytotoxicity, apoptosis and release of chondrocyte degradation markers such as IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, ICAM-1 in NHAC-kn cells. Also, NR-INF-02 protected IL-1β-induced damage to synthesis markers such as glycosaminoglycans, type II collagen and further attenuated H2O2-induced chondrocyte senescence. In addition NR-INF-02 suppressed LPS-induced NF-kB expression in RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS NR-INF-02 protects cartilage homeostasis by maintaining the balance between synthesis and degradation of cartilage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Chinampudur Velusami
- Department of Biology, R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560100, India.
| | - Edwin Jothie Richard
- Department of Biology, R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560100, India
| | - Bharathi Bethapudi
- Department of Biology, R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560100, India
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Rajkumari S, Sanatombi K. Nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and biological activities of edible Curcuma species: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1387556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Sanatombi
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, India
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Ahn MY, Hwang JS, Lee SB, Ham SA, Hur J, Kim JT, Seo HG. Curcumin longa extract-loaded nanoemulsion improves the survival of endotoxemic mice by inhibiting nitric oxide-dependent HMGB1 release. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3808. [PMID: 28929026 PMCID: PMC5600948 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a well-known damage-related alarmin that participates in cellular inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms leading to HMGB1 release in inflammatory conditions and the therapeutic agents that could prevent it remain poorly understood. This study attempted to examine whether the Curcumin longa herb, which is known to have anti-inflammatory property, can modulate cellular inflammatory responses by regulating HMGB1 release. Methods The murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or a C. longa extract-loaded nanoemulsion (CLEN). The levels of released HMGB1, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases were analyzed in RAW264.7 macrophages. The effects of CLEN on survival of endotoxemic model mice, circulating HMGB1 levels, and tissue iNOS expression were also evaluated. Results We have shown that a nanoemulsion loaded with an extract from the C. longa rhizome regulates cellular inflammatory responses and LPS-induced systemic inflammation by suppressing the release of HMGB1 by macrophages. First, treatment of RAW264.7 macrophages with the nanoemulsion significantly attenuated their LPS-induced release of HMGB1: this effect was mediated by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, which in turn suppressed the NO production and iNOS expression of the cells. The nanoemulsion did not affect LPS-induced p38 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Second, intraperitoneal administration of the nanoemulsion improved the survival rate of LPS-injected endotoxemic mice. This associated with marked reductions in circulating HMGB1 levels and tissue iNOS expression. Discussion The present study shows for the first time the mechanism by which C. longa ameliorates sepsis, namely, by suppressing NO signaling and thereby inhibiting the release of the proinflammatory cytokine HMGB1. These observations suggest that identification of agents, including those in the herb C. longa, that can inhibit HMGB1 production and/or activity may aid the treatment of endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Seok Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Bi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun Ah Ham
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hur
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Nair SS, Gaikwad SS, Kulkarni SP, Mukne AP. Allium sativum Constituents Exhibit Anti-tubercular Activity In vitro and in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophage Cells Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S209-S215. [PMID: 28808382 PMCID: PMC5538156 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_435_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long duration of treatment, side-effects of currently used anti-tubercular drugs and emergence of drug-resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) warrants the need to develop new drugs to tackle the scourge of tuberculosis (TB). Garlic is an edible plant reported to have anti-tubercular activity. However, previous researches on anti-tubercular effect of garlic were focused mostly on preliminary in vitro screening. Objective: To identify constituents responsible for anti-tubercular activity of thiosulfinate-derivative rich extract of garlic (GE) and to evaluate activity of the most active constituent in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MTBH). Materials and Methods: In the present study, we have isolated eight compounds from GE by flash chromatography. The isolated compounds were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Individual isolates and GE were screened for activity against MTBH by Resazurin Microtitre Plate Assay (REMA). Results: Anti-tubercular activity of GE was superior to that of isolates when evaluated by REMA, possibly due to synergism amongst the constituents of GE. Cytotoxicity of GE was evaluated in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells and it was observed that GE had a favorable selectivity index (>10). Therefore, anti-tubercular activity of GE was further evaluated by intracellular macrophage infection model. GE demonstrated concentration-dependent activity in macrophages infected with MTBH. Conclusion: This is the first report on intracellular anti-tubercular activity of any extract of garlic or its components. Appreciable intracellular anti-tubercular activity of GE in macrophages combined with low cytotoxicity makes it a suitable candidate for further development as an anti-tubercular agent. SUMMARY Thiosulfinate-derivative rich extract of Allium sativum showed better activity than its isolated constituents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.(MTBH) when evaluated by Resazurin Microtitre Plate Assay The extract showed least cytotoxic potential against RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells as compared to rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol when evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The extract had an appreciable selectivity index Extract showed appreciable activity in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells infected with MTBH, indicating its potential to be developed further as an anti-tubercular agent that can be administered as an adjunct to the existing anti-tubercular drug regimen.
Abbreviations used: TB: Tuberculosis, MTB: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTBH: Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, GE: Thiosulfinate-derivative rich extract of garlic, REMA: Resazurin Microtitre Plate Assay, VD: Vinyldithiin, CFU: Colony forming unit, 1H NMR: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, FT-IR: Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, LC-MS: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, IC50: Concentration required to inhibit the cells by 50%, ANOVA: Analysis of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna S Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujay S Gaikwad
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annex, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
| | - Savita P Kulkarni
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annex, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka Pravin Mukne
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
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Bethapudi B, Murugan S, Illuri R, Mundkinajeddu D, Velusami CC. Bioactive Turmerosaccharides from Curcuma longa Extract (NR-INF-02): Potential Ameliorating Effect on Osteoarthritis Pain. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S623-S627. [PMID: 29142423 PMCID: PMC5669106 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_465_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Curcuma longa has long history of medicinal use in Ayurveda. A unique product NR-INF-02 was prepared from C. longa that was standardized to contain turmerosaccharides. Objective: The present study investigated the effect of turmerosaccharides rich fraction of NR-INF-02 on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA pain animal model that mimics human OA. Further, the analgesic effect of turmerosaccharides rich fraction was compared to turmerosaccharides less fraction of NR-INF-02. Materials and Methods: OA pain was chemically induced by intra-articular administration of single dose of 25 μl of 0.9% saline containing 0.3 mg MIA into the right knee of male albino Wistar rat. Turmerosaccharides rich fraction and turmerosaccharides less fraction (at 22.5, 45 and 90 mg/kg rat body weight dose levels) were administered as a single dose orally on day 5 of post-MIA injection. OA pain was measured using hind limb weight-bearing ability at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h post-test substance administration on day 5. Results: Oral administration of turmerosaccharides rich fraction and turmerosaccharides less fraction (at 45 and 90 mg/kg) although significantly decreased the OA pain at all the intervals, the effect of turmerosaccharides rich fraction (57%) on OA pain was superior to turmerosaccharides less fraction (35%). Conclusion: Bioactive turmerosaccharides from C. longa extract contribute to the observed anti-arthritic effect in rats. SUMMARY Osteoarthritic pain was induced by intra-articular injection of MIA into the right knee Single administration of TRF/TLF on day 5 resulted in dose-dependent significant reduction of OA pain TRF showed better analgesic activity than TLF TRF at 45 and 90 mg/kg has similar effects on OA pain as that of tramadol Turmerosaccharides identified as bioactive constituents of C. longa extract.
Abbreviations used: MIA: Monosodium iodoacetate; i.ar: Intra-articular; OA: Osteoarthritis; TRF: Turmerosaccharides rich fraction; TLF: Turmerosaccharides less fraction; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Bethapudi
- Department of Biology, R & D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sasikumar Murugan
- Department of Biology, R & D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramanaiah Illuri
- Department of Biology, R & D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Mundkinajeddu
- Department of Biology, R & D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Srisook E, Palachot M, Mankhong S, Srisook K. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R.M.Sm. Rhizomal Extract and Its Phenolic Compounds in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S230-S235. [PMID: 28808385 PMCID: PMC5538159 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_558_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our continuing search for anti-inflammatory agents from Thai herbs, Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R.M.Sm. showed potent inhibition on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. However, the mechanism behind its inhibitory effect has not been yet explored, and little is known regarding its bioactive compounds responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect. OBJECTIVE In the present study, anti-inflammatory effect of hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions of rhizomal ethanol extracts of E. pavieana was evaluated for their inhibition on NO production and mechanism in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Active compounds responsible for such anti-inflammatory activity were identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inhibitory activities on NO production were performed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage. Cytotoxicity of plant extracts was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, mRNA and protein expressions by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Anti-inflammatory compounds were isolated by activity-guided isolation technique using column chromatography. RESULTS Ethyl acetate fraction of E. pavieana (EPE) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on NO production in macrophages. EPE significantly decreased NO production and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the level of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 subunit was markedly reduced in activated cells treated with EPE. Four phenolic compounds, 4-methoxycinnamyl alcohol (1), trans-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (2), 4-methoxycinnamyl p-coumarate (3), and p-coumaric acid (4), were obtained from bioactivity-guided isolation technique. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory property contained in E. pavieana rhizome extract and conferred through inhibition of iNOS expression, and NO formation provides scientific evidence and support for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents based on extracts from this plant. SUMMARY Ethyl acetate fraction (EPE) of Etlingera pavieana showed the most potent inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced macrophagesFour phenolic compounds, 4-methoxycinnamyl alcohol (1), trans-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (2), 4-methoxycinnamyl p-coumarate (3) and p-coumaric acid (4), responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of EPE were isolated. Abbreviations used: EPE: Ethyl acetate fraction of Etlingera pavieana; EPH: Hexane fraction of Etlingera pavieana; EPW: Water fraction of Etlingera pavieana; NO: Nitric oxide (NO); LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; EtOAc: Ethylacetate; MeOH: Methanol; AG: Aminoguanidine; DCM: Dichloromethane; MCA: 4-methoxycinnamyl alcohol; MCD: trans-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde; MCC: 4-methoxycinnamyl p-coumarate; CM: p-coumaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaruth Srisook
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Mullika Palachot
- Biological Science Program and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Sakulrat Mankhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Klaokwan Srisook
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Chonburi, Thailand
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Balaban YH, Aka C, Koca-Caliskan U. Liver immunology and herbal treatment. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:757-770. [PMID: 28660010 PMCID: PMC5474722 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i17.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the metabolic functions, the liver recently has been defined as an organ of immune system (IS), which have central regulatory role for innate and adaptive immunity. The liver keeps a delicate balance between hepatic screening of pathogenic antigens and immune tolerance to self-antigens. Herbal treatments with immunological effects have potential to alter this hepatic immune balance towards either therapeutic side or diseases side by inducing liver injury via hepatotoxicity or initiation of autoimmune diseases. Most commonly known herbal treatments, which have therapeutic effect on liver and IS, have proven via in vitro, in vivo, and/or clinical studies were summarized in this review.
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Sun W, Wang S, Zhao W, Wu C, Guo S, Gao H, Tao H, Lu J, Wang Y, Chen X. Chemical constituents and biological research on plants in the genus Curcuma. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1451-1523. [PMID: 27229295 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1176554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma, a valuable genus in the family Zingiberaceae, includes approximately 110 species. These plants are native to Southeast Asia and are extensively cultivated in India, China, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Peru, Australia, and the West Indies. The plants have long been used in folk medicine to treat stomach ailments, stimulate digestion, and protect the digestive organs, including the intestines, stomach, and liver. In recent years, substantial progress has been achieved in investigations regarding the chemical and pharmacological properties, as well as in clinical trials of certain Curcuma species. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge on the chemistry and briefly discusses the biological activities of Curcuma species. A total of 720 compounds, including 102 diphenylalkanoids, 19 phenylpropene derivatives, 529 terpenoids, 15 flavonoids, 7 steroids, 3 alkaloids, and 44 compounds of other types isolated or identified from 32 species, have been phytochemically investigated. The biological activities of plant extracts and pure compounds are classified into 15 groups in detail, with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Sheng Wang
- b State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Shuhui Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Yitao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
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Nanotized Curcumin and Miltefosine, a Potential Combination for Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01169-16. [PMID: 28031196 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01169-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis chemotherapy remains very challenging due to high cost of the drug and its associated toxicity and drug resistance, which develops over a period of time. Combination therapies (CT) are now in use to treat many diseases, such as cancer and malaria, since it is more effective and affordable than monotherapy. CT are believed to represent a new explorable strategy for leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of a traditional Indian medicine (ayurveda), a natural product curcumin and miltefosine, the only oral drug for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using a Leishmania donovani-hamster model. We developed an oral nanoparticle-based formulation of curcumin. Nanoformulation of curcumin alone exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity both in vitro and in vivo In combination with miltefosine, it exhibited a synergistic effect on both promastigotes and amastigotes under in vitro conditions. The combination of these two agents also demonstrated increased in vivo leishmanicidal activity accompanied by increased production of toxic reactive oxygen/nitrogen metabolites and enhanced phagocytic activity. The combination also exhibited increased lymphocyte proliferation. The present study thus establishes the possible use of nanocurcumin as an adjunct to antileishmanial chemotherapy.
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Ravishankar PL, Kumar YP, Anila EN, Chakraborty P, Malakar M, Mahalakshmi R. Effect of local application of curcumin and ornidazole gel in chronic periodontitis patients. Int J Pharm Investig 2017; 7:188-192. [PMID: 29692978 PMCID: PMC5903023 DOI: 10.4103/jphi.jphi_82_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the comparative effect of curcumin and ornidazole in treating chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Twenty individuals of both sexes aged between 27 and 53 years diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and having pocket depths >5 mm bilaterally were selected for this study, in a split-mouth design. Examination of plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level was measured for each patient. The patients received a complete prophylaxis including scaling and root planing after which, both test gels were injected into the two experimental sites chosen, that had probing depth (PD) >5 mm and were located in symmetric quadrants. Pocket PD, clinical attachment loss, and plaque index were recorded at days 0 and 30. Results: At 1-month evaluation, curcumin group showed a significant decrease in pocket PD, plaque index, and clinical attachment loss when compared to the ornidazole group. Conclusion: The results show a more favorable outcome with curcumin than ornidazole gel, thus curcumin can be used as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Ravishankar
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Y Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E N Anila
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyankar Chakraborty
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maharshi Malakar
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Mahalakshmi
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory degenerative process that affects joints such as the hands, hips, shoulders, feet, spine, and especially knees in millions of people worldwide. Some authors have shown that Curcuma longa components may exhibit benefic effects in the treatment of degenerative diseases as OA. This plant belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and it is popularly known as turmeric or saffron. This review intended to perform a retrospective search to identify studies involving humans and animal models. This review was based on articles linking OA and C. longa. Databases as Medline, Science Direct, and Lilacs were consulted and a retrospective search was carried out in order to identify studies involving humans and animal models. The curcuminoids from C. longa exhibit actions at different locations in the pathogenesis of OA once it may play an important role as anti-inflammatory, down-regulating enzymes as phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2, and lipoxygenases, and reducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha-and interleukins such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8. They also act as inducer of apoptosis in synoviocytes, decreasing the inflammation process and may also reduce the synthesis of reactive oxygen species. For these reasons, new pharmaceutical technology and pharmacological studies should be proposed to determine the dose, the best delivery vehicle, pharmaceutical formulation and route of administration of this plant so its use as an adjunct in the treatment of OA may become a reality in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cristina Akuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília - SP, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Meira Val
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília - SP, Brazil
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Verma S, Choudhary A, Maini S, Ravikanth K. Evaluation of Efficacy of Herbal Intrauterine Infusion Uterofix Liquid in Treatment of Various Reproductive Disorders in Cows: A Field Study. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:173-5. [PMID: 27365984 PMCID: PMC4908844 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.181459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of herbal intrauterine infusion Uterofix liquid in the treatment of various reproductive disorders in cows. Materials and Methods: Based on symptoms of endometritis, anestrous, metritis, and repeat breeders, 28 cows were selected to study the efficacy of herbal intrauterine infusion Uterofix liquid (M/S Ayurvet Limited) in uterine infections study. Group T0 (n = 8) cows served as control group, no treatment was given to this group, Group T1 (n = 5) repeat breeder cows, Group T2 (n = 5) endometritis effected cows, Group T3 (n = 5) anoestrus cows, and Group T4 (n = 5) metritis suffered cows were treated with Uterofix liquid (25 ml as intrauterine infusion once a day for 3–5 days). Total observational period was 60 days. Number of treatments needed, nature of discharge in first posttreatment estrus (physical examination), after treatment number of animal showing heat/estrus out of total treated, and posttreatment conception rate were used as criteria to judge the success or failure of treatment. Results: Results revealed that 18 out of 20 animals (90%) showed signs of heat with clear discharge, recovered completely without causing any irritation, or severe irritation/sloughing of genital mucous membrane after Uterofix liquid treatment. Conclusion: Herbal intrauterine infusion Uterofix liquid significantly treated the uterine infections in cows. SUMMARY Uterine infection is a major problem in reproductive management. A wide variety of genital tract diseases of female domestic animals are known to produce significant losses and responsible for poor fertility. Amongst these highly prevalent are metritis and repeat breeding in high-producing dairy cows which if remains untreated are associated with low conception rate per artificial insemination (AI), extended interval to pregnancy, increased culling, and economic losses. As herbal remedy the Uterofix liquid (Ayurvet Limited, India) was highly efficacious as an intrauterine infusion to treat different reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Verma
- Veterinary Officer, Veterinary Hospital, Dulehar, Dist. Una, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Adarsh Choudhary
- Clinical Research Department-R&D, Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shivi Maini
- Clinical Research Department-R&D, Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - K Ravikanth
- Clinical Research Department-R&D, Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Umar S, Shah MAA, Munir MT, Yaqoob M, Fiaz M, Anjum S, Kaboudi K, Bouzouaia M, Younus M, Nisa Q, Iqbal M, Umar W. RETRACTED: Synergistic effects of thymoquinone and curcumin on immune response and anti-viral activity against avian influenza virus (H9N2) in turkeys. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1513-1520. [PMID: 26944958 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The authors retract the above paper due to: 1) conflict of interest among the authors; and 2) addition of coauthor Dr. Muhammad Younus without his knowledge or permission. The authors apologize for these two grave mistakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - M A A Shah
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M T Munir
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Yaqoob
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Fiaz
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - S Anjum
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - K Kaboudi
- Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National Veterinary School Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - M Bouzouaia
- Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National Veterinary School Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - M Younus
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Q Nisa
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal
- University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - W Umar
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
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Funk JL, Frye JB, Oyarzo JN, Chen J, Zhang H, Timmermann BN. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Essential Oils of Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe ) in Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis. PHARMANUTRITION 2016; 4:123-131. [PMID: 27872812 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ginger and its extracts have been used traditionally as anti-inflammatory remedies, with a particular focus on the medicinal properties of its phenolic secondary metabolites, the gingerols. Consistent with these uses, potent anti-arthritic effects of gingerol-containing extracts were previously demonstrated by our laboratory using an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis, streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis. In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of ginger's other secondary metabolites, the essential oils (GEO), which contain terpenes with reported phytoestrogenic activity, were assessed in female Lewis rats with SCW-induced arthritis. GEO (28 mg/kg/d ip) prevented chronic joint inflammation, but altered neither the initial acute phase of joint swelling nor granuloma formation at sites of SCW deposition in liver. Pharmacologic doses of 17-β estradiol (200 or 600 μg/kg/d sc) elicited the same pattern of anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting that GEO could be acting as a phytoestrogen. However, contrary to this hypothesis, GEO had no in vivo effect on classic estrogen target organs, such as uterus or bone. En toto, these results suggest that ginger's anti-inflammatory properties are not limited to the frequently studied phenolics, but may be attributable to the combined effects of both secondary metabolites, the pungent-tasting gingerols and as well as its aromatic essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Funk
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer B Frye
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Janice N Oyarzo
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jianling Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Barbara N Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Zhou Y, Xie M, Song Y, Wang W, Zhao H, Tian Y, Wang Y, Bai S, Zhao Y, Chen X, She G. Two Traditional Chinese Medicines Curcumae Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma: An Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:4973128. [PMID: 27057197 PMCID: PMC4775794 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4973128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcumae Rhizoma, known as Ezhu (Chinese: ), and Curcumae Radix, known as Yujin (Chinese: ), are different plant parts coming from three same species according to China Pharmacopoeia. Actually, they are used in different ways in TCM clinical treatment. Curcumae Rhizoma is mainly used as antitumor drug, while Curcumae Radix has been used as antidepressant and cholagogue. Curcumae Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix are confused in variety and source, even in clinical trials by some nonprofessional workers. So it is important for us to make them clear. This review is aimed at summarizing the ethnopharmacology, phytochemical, and pharmacological differences between Curcumae Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma by SciFinder, CNKI, and so on, to use them exactly and clearly. Further studies on Curcumae Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix can lead to the development of new drugs and therapeutics for various diseases on the basis of the TCM theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan Song
- Pharmacy College, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Pharmacy College, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shaojuan Bai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yichen Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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Jiao HW, Jia XX, Zhao TJ, Rong H, Zhang JN, Cheng Y, Zhu HP, Xu KL, Guo SY, Shi QY, Zhang H, Wang FY, Chen CF, Du L. Up-regulation of TDAG51 is a dependent factor of LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages proliferation and cell cycle progression. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:124-30. [PMID: 26873343 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2016.1138968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT As a component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proliferation and cell cycle progression of monocytes/macrophages. It has been suggested that the proapoptotic T-cell death-associated gene 51 (TDAG51) might be associated with cell proliferation and cell cycle progression; however, its role in the interaction between LPS and macrophages remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We attempted to elucidate the role(s) of TDAG51 played in the interaction between LPS and macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated TDAG51 expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS and examined the effects of RNA interference-mediated TDAG51 down-regulation. We used CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis to evaluate the interaction between TDAG51 and LPS-induced proliferation and cell cycle progression in RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS Our findings indicate that TDAG51 is up-regulated in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the TDAG51 siRNA effectively reduced TDAG51 protein up-regulation following LPS stimulation in RAW264.7 cells, the significant changes of the proliferation and cell cycle progression of RAW264.7 cells in TDAG51 Knockdown RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS were observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that TDAG51 up-regulation is a dependent event during LPS-mediated proliferation and cell cycle progression, and which increase our understanding of the interaction mechanism between LPS and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Jiao
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Xiao-Xiao Jia
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Tian-Jing Zhao
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Hui Rong
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Jia-Ning Zhang
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Ying Cheng
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Hua-Pei Zhu
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Kai-Lian Xu
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Shi-Yu Guo
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Qiao-Yun Shi
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Hui Zhang
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University , North 4th Road, Shihezi , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yang Wang
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Chuang-Fu Chen
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University , North 4th Road, Shihezi , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Du
- a College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou , Haidian Island , Haikou , People's Republic of China and
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Kwon Y. Association of curry consumption with blood lipids and glucose levels. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:212-20. [PMID: 27087906 PMCID: PMC4819133 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.2.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Curcumin, an active ingredient in turmeric, is highly consumed in South Asia. However, curry that contains turmeric as its main spice might be the major source of curcumin in most other countries. Although curcumin consumption is not as high in these countries as South Asia, the regular consumption of curcumin may provide a significant health-beneficial effect. This study evaluated whether the moderate consumption of curry can affect blood glucose and lipid levels that become dysregulated with age. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study used data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2012 to 2013, to assess curry consumption frequency as well as blood glucose and blood lipid levels. The levels of blood glucose and lipids were subdivided by age, sex, and body mass index, and compared according to the curry consumption level. The estimates in each subgroup were further adjusted for potential confounding factors, including the diagnosis of diseases, physical activity, and smoking. RESULTS After adjusting for the above confounding factors, the blood glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the moderate curry consumption group compared to the low curry consumption group, both in older (> 45) male and younger (30 to 44) female overweight individuals who have high blood glucose and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that curcumin consumption, in an ordinary diet, can have health-beneficial effects, including being helpful in maintaining blood glucose and triglyceride levels that become dysregulated with age. The results should be further confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Teng L, Fu H, Deng C, Chen J, Chen J. Modulating the SDF-1/CXCL12-induced cancer cell growth and adhesion by sulfated K5 polysaccharides in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2015. [PMID: 26211579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) is involved in the process of tumor progression. Sulfated K5 polysaccharides have shown anti-cancer activity by acting on multiple targets, though it remains unclear whether sulfated K5 polysaccharides would disrupt SDF-1/CXCL12-stimulated cancer biology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sulfated K5 polysaccharides on cell growth, adhesion in murine B16 melanoma cells and the underlying mechanism by targeting SDF-1/CXCL12. Results indicated that K5-NS,OS inhibited the proliferation of B16 melanoma cells, induced the cell cycle arrest mainly at the G0/G1 phase, and suppressed cancer cell proliferation or adhesion induced by SDF-1/CXCL12. It was possible that K5-NS,OS appeared to interact with CXCL12 and block the subsequent biological functions. This work suggests that the existence of O- and N-sulfate groups is more effective in targeting CXCL12 and exhibiting anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Teng
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Haitian Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chao Deng
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingxiao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Leong M, Smith TJ, Rowland-Seymour A. Complementary and integrative medicine for older adults in palliative care. Clin Geriatr Med 2015; 31:177-91. [PMID: 25920054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) encompasses many diverse therapies, including natural products and mind and body practices. Use of CIM is common and can benefit patients in palliative care. However, because patients in palliative care are often frail and elderly, the clinician should consider a patient's comorbidities before recommending certain therapies, such as natural products. In this article, specific examples of CIM are provided for symptoms commonly seen in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Leong
- Department of Palliative Care, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 369, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Thomas J Smith
- Department of Palliative Care, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 369, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anastasia Rowland-Seymour
- Program in Integrative Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Immunomodulatory activity of heparan sulfate mimetics from Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:643-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hosadurga RR, Rao SN, Jose J, Rompicharla NC, Shakil M, Shashidhara R. Evaluation of the efficacy of 2% curcumin gel in the treatment of experimental periodontitis. Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 6:326-33. [PMID: 25276071 PMCID: PMC4166822 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.138287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Local drug delivery (LDD) systems have been proposed for the treatment of periodontitis. Curcumin could be a suitable agent as LDD for the treatment of periodontitis. AIM To formulate, evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and to assess the duration of the action and the efficacy of 2% curcumin gel in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in Wistar albino rat model. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Periodontitis was induced using ligature model. Group 1: Control; group 2: Plain gel, and group 3: 2% curcumin gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS About 2% curcumin gel was prepared. The anti-inflammatory activity and duration of action was assessed. Silk ligature 5-0 was used to induce periodontitis. Gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured. Treatment was done. The rats were sacrificed. Morphometric analysis was performed using stereomicroscope and ImageJ software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni's test, Wilcoxon's test for inter-group comparison, Mann-Whitney test for P value computation was used. The observations are mean ± standard deviation and standard error of the mean. P < 0.01 when compared to control was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS About 2% curcumin gel showed 42.98% inhibition of edema and peak activity was noted at 24 h. There was statistically significant change in the GI and PPD. Morphometric analysis did not show any significant difference between groups. No toxic effects were seen on oral administration of 2000 mg/kg of curcumin. CONCLUSIONS About 2% curcumin gel was effective in the treatment of experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ramesh Hosadurga
- Departments of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S N Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayana Charyulu Rompicharla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Moidin Shakil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Shashidhara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Maggula, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
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Kwon Y. Estimation of curcumin intake in Korea based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2012). Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:589-94. [PMID: 25324941 PMCID: PMC4198974 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.5.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Turmeric and its active component curcumin have received considerable attention due to their many recognized biological activities. Turmeric has been commonly used in food preparation and herbal remedies in South Asia, leading to a high consumption rate of curcumin in this region. However, the amount of curcumin in the Korean diet has not yet been estimated, where turmeric is not a common ingredient. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study utilized the combined data sets obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2008 to 2012 in order to estimate the curcumin intake in the Korean diet. The mean intake of curcumin was estimated from the amount of curcumin-containing foods (curry powder and ready-made curry) consumed using reported curcumin content in commercial turmeric and curry powders. RESULTS Only 0.06% of Koreans responded that they consumed foods containing curcumin in a given day, and 40% of them were younger than 20 years of age. Curcumin-containing foods were largely prepared at home (72.9%) and a significant proportion (20.4%, nearly twice that of all other foods) was consumed as school and workplace meals. The estimated mean turmeric intake was about 0.47 g/day corresponding to 2.7-14.8 mg curcumin, while the average curry powder consumption was about 16.4 g, which gave rise to curcumin intake in the range of 8.2-95.0 mg among individuals who consumed curcumin. The difference in estimated curcumin intake by using the curcumin content in curry powder and turmeric may reflect that curry powder manufactured in Korea might contain higher amounts of other ingredients such as flour, and an estimation based on the curcumin content in the turmeric might be more acceptable. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the amount of curcumin that can be obtained from the Korean diet in a day is 2.7-14.8 mg, corresponding to nearly one fourth of the daily curcumin intake in South Asia, although curcumin is rarely consumed in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Anandakumar S, Joseph JA, Bethapudi B, Agarwal A, Jung EB. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extract on Acute and Chronic Inflammation Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.4.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcuminoids, Turmerones, and Aqueous Extract of Curcuma longa. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2013; 2013:805756. [PMID: 24454348 PMCID: PMC3885190 DOI: 10.1155/2013/805756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma longa is widely known for its anti-inflammatory activity in traditional system of medicine for centuries and has been scientifically validated extensively. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of curcuminoids and oil-free aqueous extract (COFAE) of C. longa and compare it with that of curcuminoids and turmerones (volatile oil), the bioactive components of C. longa that are proven for the anti-inflammatory potential. The activity against inflammation was evaluated in xylene-induced ear edema, cotton pellet granuloma models in albino Swiss mice and albino Wistar rats, respectively. The results showed that COFAE of C. longa at three dose levels significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibited inflammation in both models, as evidenced by reduction in ear weight and decrease in wet as well as dry weights of cotton pellets, when compared to the vehicle control. The COFAE of C. longa showed considerable anti-inflammatory effects against acute and chronic inflammation and the effects were comparable to those of curcuminoids and turmerones.
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Velusami CC, Boddapati SR, Hongasandra Srinivasa S, Richard EJ, Joseph JA, Balasubramanian M, Agarwal A. Safety evaluation of turmeric polysaccharide extract: assessment of mutagenicity and acute oral toxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:158348. [PMID: 24455673 PMCID: PMC3877592 DOI: 10.1155/2013/158348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma longa Linn. (Zingiberaceae) commonly known as turmeric has long been used for centuries as a spice and household remedy. The present study was carried out to assess the possible mutagenic potential and acute oral toxicity of polysaccharide extract of turmeric rhizome (NR-INF-02) using standard tests. The standard battery of in vitro genotoxicity tests, bacterial reverse mutation test (BRMT), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests were employed to assess the possible mutagenic activity of NR-INF-02 (Turmacin). The results showed no mutagenic effect with NR-INF-02 up to a dose of 5000 µg/mL in BRMT. The results on CA and MN tests revealed the non clastogenic activity of NR-INF-02 in a dose range of 250.36 to 2500 µg/mL with and without metabolic activation (S9). In acute oral toxicity study, NR-INF-02 was found to be safe up to 5 g/kg body weight in Wistar rats. Overall, results indicated that polysaccharide extract of C. longa was found to be genotoxically safe and also exhibited maximum tolerable dose of more than 5 g/kg rat body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Chinampudur Velusami
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Boddapati
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikanth Hongasandra Srinivasa
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Edwin Jothie Richard
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Joshua Allan Joseph
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Murali Balasubramanian
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Agarwal
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Private Limited, 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City Post, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
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