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Jiang S, Yang C, Wang R, Bao X. Resting-state functional connectivity in a non-human primate model of cortical ischemic stroke in area F1. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 104:121-128. [PMID: 37844784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of functional MRI to non-human primates after stroke has not yet been undertaken. This is the first study to explore the functional connectivity changes in non-human primate models during acute stages after stroke onset. METHODS Nineteen healthy male cynomolgus monkeys (4-5 years) were used in this study. The photothrombosis model was employed to induce focal ischemic stroke in F1 area in the monkey's left hemisphere. T1-weighted structural images and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of all subjects were obtained using a 3.0 Tesla MRI system on the third day following stroke. Based on the D99 atlas, the structural and functional changes of bilateral F1 areas in monkeys were analyzed using region of interest (ROI)-based functional connectivity (FC). The bilateral F1 areas were selected as the seed regions due to their crucial role in motor control and their potential to unveil the comprehensive functional reorganization of the motor system at a whole-brain level following stroke. RESULTS Ischemic lesions were observed after the stroke, with larger lesion volumes associated with poorer neurological dysfunction. Compared with baseline condition, left area F1 demonstrated decreased FC with the left cerebellum, left ventral pons and left 5_(PEa). When the ROI was located in the right area F1, ischemic monkeys showed decreased FC in left ventral pons, left cerebellum, left primary visual cortex and left 5_(PEa), accompanied by increased FC in the right orbitofrontal cortex. Importantly, the degree of altered FC between left area F1 and left cerebellum was associated with upper limb tone. CONCLUSIONS These results provide valuable insights into the early-stage functional connectivity changes in the F1 areas of monkeys under ischemic conditions, highlighting the potential involvement of specific brain regions in the pathophysiology of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxian Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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2
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Bini J. The historical progression of positron emission tomography research in neuroendocrinology. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 70:101081. [PMID: 37423505 PMCID: PMC10530506 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and continual development of a number of radiopharmaceuticals targeting different receptor, enzyme and small molecule systems has fostered Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of endocrine system actions in vivo in the human brain for several decades. PET radioligands have been developed to measure changes that are regulated by hormone action (e.g., glucose metabolism, cerebral blood flow, dopamine receptors) and actions within endocrine organs or glands such as steroids (e.g., glucocorticoids receptors), hormones (e.g., estrogen, insulin), and enzymes (e.g., aromatase). This systematic review is targeted to the neuroendocrinology community that may be interested in learning about positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for use in their research. Covering neuroendocrine PET research over the past half century, researchers and clinicians will be able to answer the question of where future research may benefit from the strengths of PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bini
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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Molot J, Sears M, Anisman H. Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: It's time to catch up to the science. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105227. [PMID: 37172924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex medical condition associated with low dose chemical exposures. MCS is characterized by diverse features and common comorbidities, including fibromyalgia, cough hypersensitivity, asthma, and migraine, and stress/anxiety, with which the syndrome shares numerous neurobiological processes and altered functioning within diverse brain regions. Predictive factors linked to MCS comprise genetic influences, gene-environment interactions, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, cell dysfunction, and psychosocial influences. The development of MCS may be attributed to the sensitization of transient receptor potential (TRP) receptors, notably TRPV1 and TRPA1. Capsaicin inhalation challenge studies demonstrated that TRPV1 sensitization is manifested in MCS, and functional brain imaging studies revealed that TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists promote brain-region specific neuronal variations. Unfortunately, MCS has often been inappropriately viewed as stemming exclusively from psychological disturbances, which has fostered patients being stigmatized and ostracized, and often being denied accommodation for their disability. Evidence-based education is essential to provide appropriate support and advocacy. Greater recognition of receptor-mediated biological mechanisms should be incorporated in laws, and regulation of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molot
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Margaret Sears
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
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Chow HM, Garnett EO, Ratner NB, Chang SE. Brain activity during the preparation and production of spontaneous speech in children with persistent stuttering. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103413. [PMID: 37099876 PMCID: PMC10149502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Speech production forms the basis for human verbal communication. Though fluent speech production is effortless and automatic for most people, it is disrupted in speakers who stutter, who experience difficulties especially during spontaneous speech and at utterance onsets. Brain areas comprising the basal ganglia thalamocortical (BGTC) motor loop have been a focus of interest in the context of stuttering, given this circuit's critical role in initiating and sequencing connected speech. Despite the importance of better understanding the role of the BGTC motor loop in supporting overt, spontaneous speech production, capturing brain activity during speech has been challenging to date, due to fMRI artifacts associated with severe head motions during speech production. Here, using an advanced technique that removes speech-related artifacts from fMRI signals, we examined brain activity occurring immediately before, and during, overt spontaneous speech production in 22 children with persistent stuttering (CWS) and 18 children who do not stutter (controls) in the 5-to-12-year age range. Brain activity during speech production was compared in two conditions: spontaneous speech (i.e., requiring language formulation) and automatic speech (i.e., overlearned word sequences). Compared to controls, CWS exhibited significantly reduced left premotor activation during spontaneous speech production but not during automatic speech. Moreover, CWS showed an age-related reduction in left putamen and thalamus activation during speech preparation. These results provide further evidence that stuttering is associated with functional deficits in the BGTC motor loop, which are exacerbated during spontaneous speech production.
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Kinney KR, Hanlon CA. Changing Cerebral Blood Flow, Glucose Metabolism, and Dopamine Binding Through Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Positron Emission Tomography Literature. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:918-932. [PMID: 36779330 PMCID: PMC9580100 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation tool currently used as a treatment in multiple psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Despite its widespread use, we have an incomplete understanding of the way in which acute and chronic sessions of TMS affect various neural and vascular systems. This systematic review summarizes the state of our knowledge regarding the effects TMS may be having on cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmitter release. Forty-five studies were identified. Several key themes emerged: 1) TMS transiently increases cerebral blood flow in the area under the coil; 2) TMS to the prefrontal cortex increases glucose metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with depression; and 3) TMS to the motor cortex and prefrontal cortex decreases dopamine receptor availability in the ipsilateral putamen and caudate respectively. There is, however, a paucity of literature regarding the effects TMS may have on other neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems of interest, all of which may shed vital light on existing biologic mechanisms and future therapeutic development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation tool currently used as a treatment in multiple psychiatric and neurologic disorders. This systematic review summarizes the state of our knowledge regarding the effects TMS on cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R Kinney
- Department of Cancer Biology (K.R.K., C.A.H.) and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (C.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Colleen A Hanlon
- Department of Cancer Biology (K.R.K., C.A.H.) and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (C.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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6
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Lucia M, Romanella SM, Di Lorenzo G, Demchenko I, Bhat V, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E. Neural correlates of N-back task performance and proposal for corresponding neuromodulation targets in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:512-524. [PMID: 35773784 PMCID: PMC10603255 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Working memory (WM) deficit represents the most common cognitive impairment in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, making the identification of its neural substrates a crucial step towards the conceptualization of restorative interventions. We present a meta-analysis focusing on neural activations associated with the most commonly used task to measure WM, the N-back task, in patients with schizophrenia, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Showing qualitative similarities and differences in WM processing between patients and healthy controls, we propose possible targets for cognitive enhancement approaches. METHODS Selected studies, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, were analyzed through the activation likelihood estimate statistical framework, with subsequent generation of disorder-specific N-back activation maps. RESULTS Despite similar WM deficits shared across all disorders, results highlighted different brain activation patterns for each disorder compared with healthy controls. In general, results showed brain activity in frontal, parietal, subcortical, and cerebellar regions; however, reduced engagement of specific nodes of the fronto-parietal network emerged in patients compared with healthy controls. In particular, neither bipolar nor depressive disorders showed detectable activations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, while their parietal activation patterns were lateralized to the left and right hemispheres, respectively. On the other hand, patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder showed a lack of activation in the left parietal lobe, whereas patients with schizophrenia showed lower activity over the left prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION These results, together with biophysical modeling, were then used to discuss the design of future disorder-specific cognitive enhancement interventions based on noninvasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mencarelli Lucia
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy
- Precision Neuromodulation Program & Network Control Laboratory, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara M Romanella
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy
- Precision Neuromodulation Program & Network Control Laboratory, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilya Demchenko
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Centre for Depression & Suicide Studies, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Centre for Depression & Suicide Studies, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy
- Human Physiology Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy
- Precision Neuromodulation Program & Network Control Laboratory, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Scherer T, Sakamoto K, Buettner C. Brain insulin signalling in metabolic homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:468-483. [PMID: 34108679 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signalling in the central nervous system regulates energy homeostasis by controlling metabolism in several organs and by coordinating organ crosstalk. Studies performed in rodents, non-human primates and humans over more than five decades using intracerebroventricular, direct hypothalamic or intranasal application of insulin provide evidence that brain insulin action might reduce food intake and, more importantly, regulates energy homeostasis by orchestrating nutrient partitioning. This Review discusses the metabolic pathways that are under the control of brain insulin action and explains how brain insulin resistance contributes to metabolic disease in obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scherer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kenichi Sakamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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8
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Devantier L, Hansen AK, Mølby-Henriksen JJ, Christensen CB, Pedersen M, Hansen KV, Magnusson M, Ovesen T, Borghammer P. Positron emission tomography visualized stimulation of the vestibular organ is localized in Heschl's gyrus. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:185-193. [PMID: 31520516 PMCID: PMC7268041 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a human primary vestibular cortex is still debated. Current knowledge mainly derives from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) acquisitions during artificial vestibular stimulation. This may be problematic as artificial vestibular stimulation entails coactivation of other sensory receptors. The use of fMRI is challenging as the strong magnetic field and loud noise during MRI may both stimulate the vestibular organ. This study aimed to characterize the cortical activity during natural stimulation of the human vestibular organ. Two fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scans were obtained after natural vestibular stimulation in a self-propelled chair. Two types of stimuli were applied: (a) rotation (horizontal semicircular canal) and (b) linear sideways movement (utriculus). A comparable baseline FDG-PET scan was obtained after sitting motion-less in the chair. In both stimulation paradigms, significantly increased FDG uptake was measured bilaterally in the medial part of Heschl's gyrus, with some overlap into the posterior insula. This is the first neuroimaging study to visualize cortical processing of natural vestibular stimuli. FDG uptake was demonstrated in the medial-most part of Heschl's gyrus, normally associated with the primary auditory cortex. This anatomical localization seems plausible, considering that the labyrinth contains both the vestibular organ and the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Devantier
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Allan K Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Kim V Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Måns Magnusson
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Therese Ovesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Gandhi R, Tsoumpas C. Preclinical Imaging Biomarkers for Postischaemic Neurovascular Remodelling. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:3128529. [PMID: 30863220 PMCID: PMC6378027 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3128529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of understanding the pathological alterations that underlie ischaemic injuries, such as vascular remodelling and reorganisation, there is a need for recognising the capabilities and limitations of in vivo imaging techniques. Thus, this review presents contemporary published research of imaging modalities that have been implemented to study postischaemic neurovascular changes in small animals. A comparison of the technical aspects of the various imaging tools is included to set the framework for identifying the most appropriate methods to observe postischaemic neurovascular remodelling. A systematic search of the PubMed® and Elsevier's Scopus databases identified studies that were conducted between 2008 and 2018 to explore postischaemic neurovascular remodelling in small animal models. Thirty-five relevant in vivo imaging studies are included, of which most made use of magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography, whilst various optical modalities were also utilised. Notably, there is an increasing trend of using multimodal imaging to exploit the most beneficial properties of each imaging technique to elucidate different aspects of neurovascular remodelling. Nevertheless, there is still scope for further utilising noninvasive imaging tools such as contrast agents or radiotracers, which will have the ability to monitor neurovascular changes particularly during restorative therapy. This will facilitate more successful utility of the clinical imaging techniques in the interpretation of neurovascular reorganisation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gandhi
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, West Yorkshire, UK
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Almairac F, Fontaine D, Demarcy T, Delingette H, Beuil S, Raffaelli C. Motor cortex neurovascular coupling: inputs from ultra-high-frequency ultrasound imaging in humans. J Neurosurg 2018; 131:1632-1638. [PMID: 30497179 DOI: 10.3171/2018.5.jns18754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurovascular coupling reflects the link between neural activity and changes in cerebral blood flow. Despite many technical advances in functional exploration of the brain, including functional MRI, there are only a few reports of direct evidence of neurovascular coupling in humans. The authors aimed to explore, for the first time in humans, the local cerebral blood flow of the primary motor cortex using ultra-high-frequency ultrasound (UHF-US) Doppler imaging to detect low blood flow velocity (1 mm/sec). METHODS Four consecutive patients underwent awake craniotomy for glioma resection using cortical direct electrostimulation for brain mapping. The primary motor cortical area eliciting flexion of the contralateral forearm was identified. UHF-US color Doppler imaging of this cortical area was acquired at rest, during repeated spontaneous forearm flexion, and immediately after the movement's termination. In each condition, the surface areas of the detectable vessels were measured after extraction of non-zero-velocity colored pixels and summed. RESULTS During movement, local cerebral blood flow increased significantly by 14.4% (range 5%-30%) compared with baseline. Immediately after the termination of movements, the local hyperemia decreased significantly by 8.6% (range 1.9%-15.7%). CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to provide a real-time demonstration of the neurovascular coupling in the human cortex by ultrasound imaging. They assume that UHF-US may be used to gather original and advanced data on brain functioning, which could be used to help in the identification of functional cortical areas during brain surgery.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT03179176 (clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denys Fontaine
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and
- 2FHU INOVPAIN, CHU de Nice, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice; and
| | - Thomas Demarcy
- 3Asclepios Research Team, INRIA Sophia Antipolis-Mediterranée, France
| | - Hervé Delingette
- 3Asclepios Research Team, INRIA Sophia Antipolis-Mediterranée, France
| | - Stéphanie Beuil
- 4Ultra-Sound Imaging, CHU de Nice, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice
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Dunn JT, Choudhary P, Teh MM, Macdonald I, Hunt KF, Marsden PK, Amiel SA. The impact of hypoglycaemia awareness status on regional brain responses to acute hypoglycaemia in men with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1676-1687. [PMID: 29754288 PMCID: PMC6445483 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) in type 1 diabetes increases the risk of severe hypoglycaemia sixfold and can be resistant to intervention. We explored the impact of IAH on central responses to hypoglycaemia to investigate the mechanisms underlying barriers to therapeutic intervention. METHODS We conducted [15O]water positron emission tomography studies of regional brain perfusion during euglycaemia (target 5 mmol/l), hypoglycaemia (achieved level, 2.4 mmol/l) and recovery (target 5 mmol/l) in 17 men with type 1 diabetes: eight with IAH, and nine with intact hypoglycaemia awareness (HA). RESULTS Hypoglycaemia with HA was associated with increased activation in brain regions including the thalamus, insula, globus pallidus (GP), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbital cortex, dorsolateral frontal (DLF) cortex, angular gyrus and amygdala; deactivation occurred in the temporal and parahippocampal regions. IAH was associated with reduced catecholamine and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia vs HA (incremental AUC: autonomic scores, 26.2 ± 35.5 vs 422.7 ± 237.1; neuroglycopenic scores, 34.8 ± 88.8 vs 478.9 ± 311.1; both p < 0.002). There were subtle differences (p < 0.005, k ≥ 50 voxels) in brain activation at hypoglycaemia, including early differences in the right central operculum, bilateral medial orbital (MO) cortex, and left posterior DLF cortex, with additional differences in the ACC, right GP and post- and pre-central gyri in established hypoglycaemia, and lack of deactivation in temporal regions in established hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Differences in activation in the post- and pre-central gyri may be expected in people with reduced subjective responses to hypoglycaemia. Alterations in the activity of regions involved in the drive to eat (operculum), emotional salience (MO cortex), aversion (GP) and recall (temporal) suggest differences in the perceived importance and urgency of responses to hypoglycaemia in IAH compared with HA, which may be key to the persistence of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Dunn
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, King's College Hospital Campus, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Ming Ming Teh
- Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, King's College Hospital Campus, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ian Macdonald
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katharine F Hunt
- Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, King's College Hospital Campus, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Paul K Marsden
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie A Amiel
- Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, King's College Hospital Campus, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, King's Health Partners, London, UK.
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12
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Aoe J, Watabe T, Shimosegawa E, Kato H, Kanai Y, Naka S, Matsunaga K, Isohashi K, Tatsumi M, Hatazawa J. Evaluation of the default-mode network by quantitative 15O-PET: comparative study between cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:485-491. [PMID: 29934675 PMCID: PMC6061207 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has revealed the existence of a default-mode network (DMN) based on spontaneous oscillations of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. The BOLD signal reflects the deoxyhemoglobin concentration, which depends on the relationship between the regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). However, these two factors cannot be separated in BOLD rs-fMRI. In this study, we attempted to estimate the functional correlations in the DMN by means of quantitative 15O-labeled gases and water PET, and to compare the contribution of the CBF and CMRO2 to the DMN. Methods Nine healthy volunteers (5 men and 4 women; mean age, 47.0 ± 1.2 years) were studied by means of 15O-O2, 15O-CO gases and 15O-water PET. Quantitative CBF and CMRO2 images were generated by an autoradiographic method and transformed into MNI standardized brain template. Regions of interest were placed on normalized PET images according to the previous rs-fMRI study. For the functional correlation analysis, the intersubject Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for all pairs in the brain regions and correlation matrices were obtained for CBF and CMRO2, respectively. We defined r > 0.7 as a significant positive correlation and compared the correlation matrices of CBF and CMRO2. Results Significant positive correlations (r > 0.7) were observed in 24 pairs of brain regions for the CBF and 22 pairs of brain regions for the CMRO2. Among them, 12 overlapping networks were observed between CBF and CMRO2. Correlation analysis of CBF led to the detection of more brain networks as compared to that of CMRO2, indicating that the CBF can capture the state of the spontaneous activity with a higher sensitivity. Conclusions We estimated the functional correlations in the DMN by means of quantitative PET using 15O-labeled gases and water. The correlation matrix derived from the CBF revealed a larger number of brain networks as compared to that derived from the CMRO2, indicating that contribution to the functional correlation in the DMN is higher in the blood flow more than the oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Aoe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Kanai
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Naka
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsunaga
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kayako Isohashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Tatsumi
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Shuster LI. Considerations for the Use of Neuroimaging Technologies for Predicting Recovery of Speech and Language in Aphasia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2018; 27:291-305. [PMID: 29497745 DOI: 10.1044/2018_ajslp-16-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The number of research articles aimed at identifying neuroimaging biomarkers for predicting recovery from aphasia continues to grow. Although the clinical use of these biomarkers to determine prognosis has been proposed, there has been little discussion of how this would be accomplished. This is an important issue because the best translational science occurs when translation is considered early in the research process. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to present a framework to guide the discussion of how neuroimaging biomarkers for recovery from aphasia could be implemented clinically. METHOD The genomics literature reveals that implementing genetic testing in the real-world poses both opportunities and challenges. There is much similarity between these opportunities and challenges and those related to implementing neuroimaging testing to predict recovery in aphasia. Therefore, the Center for Disease Control's model list of questions aimed at guiding the review of genetic testing has been adapted to guide the discussion of using neuroimaging biomarkers as predictors of recovery in aphasia. CONCLUSION The adapted model list presented here is a first and useful step toward initiating a discussion of how neuroimaging biomarkers of recovery could be employed clinically to provide improved quality of care for individuals with aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda I Shuster
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo
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14
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Gejl M, Gjedde A, Brock B, Møller A, van Duinkerken E, Haahr HL, Hansen CT, Chu PL, Stender-Petersen KL, Rungby J. Effects of hypoglycaemia on working memory and regional cerebral blood flow in type 1 diabetes: a randomised, crossover trial. Diabetologia 2018; 61:551-561. [PMID: 29188338 PMCID: PMC6448973 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this randomised, crossover trial was to compare cognitive functioning and associated brain activation patterns during hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose [PG] just below 3.1 mmol/l) and euglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this patient-blinded, crossover study, 26 participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus attended two randomised experimental visits: one hypoglycaemic clamp (PG 2.8 ± 0.2 mmol/l, approximate duration 55 min) and one euglycaemic clamp (PG 5.5 mmol/l ± 10%). PG levels were maintained by hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamping. Cognitive functioning was assessed during hypoglycaemia and euglycaemia conditions using a modified version of the digit symbol substitution test (mDSST) and control DSST (cDSST). Simultaneously, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in pre-specified brain regions by six H215O-positron emission tomographies (PET) per session. RESULTS Working memory was impaired during hypoglycaemia as indicated by a statistically significantly lower mDSST score (estimated treatment difference [ETD] -0.63 [95% CI -1.13, -0.14], p = 0.014) and a statistically significantly longer response time (ETD 2.86 s [7%] [95% CI 0.67, 5.05], p = 0.013) compared with euglycaemia. During hypoglycaemia, mDSST task performance was associated with increased activity in the frontal lobe regions, superior parietal lobe and thalamus, and decreased activity in the temporal lobe regions (p < 0.05). Working memory activation (mDSST - cDSST) statistically significantly increased blood flow in the striatum during hypoglycaemia (ETD 0.0374% [95% CI 0.0157, 0.0590], p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION During hypoglycaemia (mean PG 2.9 mmol/l), working memory performance was impaired. Altered performance was associated with significantly increased blood flow in the striatum, a part of the basal ganglia implicated in regulating motor functions, memory, language and emotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01789593, clinicaltrials.gov FUNDING: This study was funded by Novo Nordisk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gejl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Building 1242, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Building 1242, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- PET-Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eelco van Duinkerken
- VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Building 1242, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology IC, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Holtbernd F, Tang CC, Feigin A, Dhawan V, Ghilardi MF, Paulsen JS, Guttman M, Eidelberg D. Longitudinal Changes in the Motor Learning-Related Brain Activation Response in Presymptomatic Huntington's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154742. [PMID: 27192167 PMCID: PMC4871440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive decline, including deficits in motor learning, occurs in the presymptomatic phase of Huntington's disease (HD) and precedes the onset of motor symptoms. Findings from recent neuroimaging studies have linked these deficits to alterations in fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal brain networks. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics of these networks when subjects approach phenoconversion. Here, 10 subjects with presymptomatic HD were scanned with 15O-labeled water at baseline and again 1.5 years later while performing a motor sequence learning task and a kinematically matched control task. Spatial covariance analysis was utilized to characterize patterns of change in learning-related neural activation occurring over time in these individuals. Pattern expression was compared to corresponding values in 10 age-matched healthy control subjects. Spatial covariance analysis revealed significant longitudinal changes in the expression of a specific learning-related activation pattern characterized by increasing activity in the right orbitofrontal cortex, with concurrent reductions in the right medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate regions, the left insula, left precuneus, and left cerebellum. Changes in the expression of this pattern over time correlated with baseline measurements of disease burden and learning performance. The network changes were accompanied by modest improvement in learning performance that took place concurrently in the gene carriers. The presence of increased network activity in the setting of stable task performance is consistent with a discrete compensatory mechanism. The findings suggest that this effect is most pronounced in the late presymptomatic phase of HD, as subjects approach clinical onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Holtbernd
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Chris C. Tang
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew Feigin
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Vijay Dhawan
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Felice Ghilardi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, City University of New York Medical School, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jane S. Paulsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark Guttman
- Department of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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