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Tang X, Wang J, Chen J, Liu W, Qiao P, Quan H, Li Z, Dang E, Wang G, Shao S. Epidermal stem cells: skin surveillance and clinical perspective. J Transl Med 2024; 22:779. [PMID: 39169334 PMCID: PMC11340167 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin epidermis is continually influenced by a myriad of internal and external elements. At its basal layer reside epidermal stem cells, which fuels epidermal renovation and hair regeneration with powerful self-renewal ability, as well as keeping diverse signals that direct their activity under surveillance with quick response. The importance of epidermal stem cells in wound healing and immune-related skin conditions has been increasingly recognized, and their potential for clinical applications is attracting attention. In this review, we delve into recent advancements and the various physiological and psychological factors that govern distinct epidermal stem cell populations, including psychological stress, mechanical forces, chronic aging, and circadian rhythm, as well as providing an overview of current methodological approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic role of epidermal stem cells in immune-related skin disorders and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Huiyi Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
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Anilkumar AK, Vij P, Lopez S, Leslie SM, Doxtater K, Khan MM, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC, Maestre GE, Tripathi MK. Long Non-Coding RNAs: New Insights in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2268. [PMID: 38396946 PMCID: PMC10889599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are gradually becoming a burden to society. The adverse effects and mortality/morbidity rates associated with these NDDs are a cause of many healthcare concerns. The pathologic alterations of NDDs are related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which further stimulate the progression of NDDs. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted ample attention as critical mediators in the pathology of NDDs. However, there is a significant gap in understanding the biological function, molecular mechanisms, and potential importance of lncRNAs in NDDs. This review documents the current research on lncRNAs and their implications in NDDs. We further summarize the potential implication of lncRNAs to serve as novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for patients with NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya K. Anilkumar
- Medicine and Oncology, ISU, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Puneet Vij
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Samantha Lopez
- Medicine and Oncology, ISU, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Sophia M. Leslie
- Medicine and Oncology, ISU, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Kyle Doxtater
- Medicine and Oncology, ISU, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Medicine and Oncology, ISU, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Medicine and Oncology, ISU, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Gladys E. Maestre
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78550, USA
- South Texas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA
| | - Manish K. Tripathi
- Medicine and Oncology, ISU, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
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Zamiri K, Kesari S, Paul K, Hwang SH, Hammock B, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Urbanowicz A, Gao L, Whitelegge J, Fiala M. Therapy of autoimmune inflammation in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Dimethyl fumarate and H-151 downregulate inflammatory cytokines in the cGAS-STING pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23068. [PMID: 37436778 PMCID: PMC10619685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300573r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS), IL-17A- and granzyme-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), IL-17A-positive mast cells, and inflammatory macrophages invade the brain and spinal cord. In some patients, the disease starts following a trauma or a severe infection. We examined cytokines and cytokine regulators over the disease course and found that, since the early stages, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exhibit increased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-12A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, as well as granzymes and the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT4. In later stages, PBMCs upregulated the autoimmunity-associated cytokines IL-23A and IL-17B, and the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, which attract CTL and monocytes into the central nervous system. The inflammation is fueled by the downregulation of IL-10, TGFβ, and the inhibitory T-cell co-receptors CTLA4, LAG3, and PD-1, and, in vitro, by stimulation with the ligand PD-L1. We investigated in two sALS patients the regulation of the macrophage transcriptome by dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a drug approved against multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, and the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) pathway inhibitor H-151. Both DMF and H-151 downregulated the expression of granzymes and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, IL-23A, and IFN-γ, and induced a pro-resolution macrophage phenotype. The eicosanoid epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) from arachidonic acid was anti-inflammatory in synergy with DMF. H-151 and DMF are thus candidate drugs targeting the inflammation and autoimmunity in sALS via modulation of the NFκB and cGAS/STING pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurosh Zamiri
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute and Saint John’s Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Ketema Paul
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California – Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Urbanowicz
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucy Gao
- Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Milan Fiala
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Burton B, Collins K, Brooks J, Marx K, Renner A, Wilcox K, Moore E, Osowski K, Riley J, Rowe J, Pawlus M. The biotoxin BMAA promotes dysfunction via distinct mechanisms in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278793. [PMID: 36893156 PMCID: PMC9997973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to the Cyanobacteria biotoxin Beta-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been associated with development of a sporadic form of ALS called Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC), as observed within certain Indigenous populations of Guam and Japan. Studies in primate models and cell culture have supported the association of BMAA with ALS/PDC, yet the pathological mechanisms at play remain incompletely characterized, effectively stalling the development of rationally-designed therapeutics or application of preventative measures for this disease. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that sub-excitotoxic doses of BMAA modulate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to drive cellular defects in human neuroblastoma cells, suggesting a potential mechanism by which BMAA may promote neurological disease. Further, we demonstrate here that the effects of BMAA can be reversed in cell culture by use of pharmacological modulators of the Wnt pathway, revealing the potential value of targeting this pathway therapeutically. Interestingly, our results suggest the existence of a distinct Wnt-independent mechanism activated by BMAA in glioblastoma cells, highlighting the likelihood that neurological disease may result from the cumulative effects of distinct cell-type specific mechanisms of BMAA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Burton
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Kate Collins
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jordan Brooks
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Karly Marx
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Abigail Renner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Kaylei Wilcox
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Ellie Moore
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Keith Osowski
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jordan Riley
- Department of Biology, University of Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jarron Rowe
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Matthew Pawlus
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
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FUS-ALS hiPSC-derived astrocytes impair human motor units through both gain-of-toxicity and loss-of-support mechanisms. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:5. [PMID: 36653804 PMCID: PMC9847053 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes play a crucial, yet not fully elucidated role in the selective motor neuron pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Among other responsibilities, astrocytes provide important neuronal homeostatic support, however this function is highly compromised in ALS. The establishment of fully human coculture systems can be used to further study the underlying mechanisms of the dysfunctional intercellular interplay, and has the potential to provide a platform for revealing novel therapeutic entry points. METHODS In this study, we characterised human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes from FUS-ALS patients, and incorporated these cells into a human motor unit microfluidics model to investigate the astrocytic effect on hiPSC-derived motor neuron network and functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) using immunocytochemistry and live-cell recordings. FUS-ALS cocultures were systematically compared to their CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited isogenic control systems. RESULTS We observed a dysregulation of astrocyte homeostasis, which resulted in a FUS-ALS-mediated increase in reactivity and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Upon coculture with motor neurons and myotubes, we detected a cytotoxic effect on motor neuron-neurite outgrowth, NMJ formation and functionality, which was improved or fully rescued by isogenic control astrocytes. We demonstrate that ALS astrocytes have both a gain-of-toxicity and loss-of-support function involving the WNT/β-catenin pathway, ultimately contributing to the disruption of motor neuron homeostasis, intercellular networks and NMJs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shine light on a complex, yet highly important role of astrocytes in ALS, and provides further insight in to their pathological mechanisms.
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Sher AA, Lao YT, Coombs KM. HLA-A, HSPA5, IGFBP5 and PSMA2 Are Restriction Factors for Zika Virus Growth in Astrocytic Cells. Viruses 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 36680137 PMCID: PMC9863221 DOI: 10.3390/v15010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbo-flavivirus, is transmitted via Aeges aegyptii mosquitoes Following its major outbreaks in 2013, 2014 and 2016, WHO declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Symptoms of ZIKV infection include acute fever, conjunctivitis, headache, muscle & joint pain and malaise. Cases of its transmission also have been reported via perinatal, sexual and transfusion transmission. ZIKV pathologies include meningo-encephalitis and myelitis in the central nervous system (CNS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute transient polyneuritis in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Drugs like azithromycin have been tested as inhibitors of ZIKV infection but no vaccines or treatments are currently available. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the CNS and among the first cells in CNS infected by ZIKV; (2) Methods: We previously used SOMAScan proteomics to study ZIKV-infected astrocytic cells. Here, we use mass spectrometric analyses to further explain dysregulations in the cellular expression profile of glioblastoma astrocytoma U251 cells. We also knocked down (KD) some of the U251 cellular proteins using siRNAs and observed the impact on ZIKV replication and infectivity; (3) Results & Conclusions: The top ZIKV dysregulated cellular networks were antimicrobial response, cell death, and energy production while top dysregulated functions were antigen presentation, viral replication and cytopathic impact. Th1 and interferon signaling pathways were among the top dysregulated canonical pathways. siRNA-mediated KD of HLA-A, IGFBP5, PSMA2 and HSPA5 increased ZIKV titers and protein synthesis, indicating they are ZIKV restriction factors. ZIKV infection also restored HLA-A expression in HLA-A KD cells by 48 h post-infection, suggesting interactions between this gene product and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affan A. Sher
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ying Tenny Lao
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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Liu J, Zhou F, Chen Y, Guan Y, Meng F, Zhao Z, Wang X, Gao X, Jiang X, Zhang H, Wang Q, Zhou S, Wang X. Wnt5a protects motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by regulating the Wnt/Ca 2+ signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:5343-5362. [PMID: 36105066 PMCID: PMC9452359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to detect the expression profile of downstream signaling molecules of non-canonical Wnt pathway in SOD1G93A transgenic mice (ALS mice) and SOD1G93A mutant motor neuron-like hybrid (NSC-34) cells. Characterizing the molecular mechanism of the Wnt5a-mediated non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway in motor neuron (MN) degeneration may provide a feasible approach to effective treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS The expressions of CaMKII-α, CaMKII-β and TAK1 in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A ALS transgenic mice at different ages were determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. The level of Ca2+ and cell apoptosis were assessed with flow cytometry and cell viability was evaluated using MTS assay. Cell proliferation was analyzed by the EdU cell proliferation assay. Neurite length was measured after treatment with retinoic acid. RESULTS CaMKII-α, CaMKII-β, and TAK1 were down-regulated in the spinal cord of ALS mice. Ca2+ level and CaMKII-α, CaMKII-β, and TAK1 were down-regulated in SOD1G93A mutant NSC-34 cells. Expression of Ca2+, CaMKII-α, CaMKII-β, and TAK1 were up-regulated in SOD1G93A mutant NSC-34 cells after Wnt5a overexpression and down-regulated after Wnt5a knockdown. Overexpression of Wnt5a promoted cell viability and proliferation but inhibited cell apoptosis. Contrastingly, Wnt5a knockdown inhibited cell viability and proliferation but promoted cell apoptosis. CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 and CaMKII activator oleic acid reversed changes in cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and neurite outgrowth induced by Wnt5a overexpression and knockdown. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Wnt5a protects MNs in ALS by regulating cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and neurite growth through the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway. Our data indicate that the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway regulated by Wnt5a is involved in MN degeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yingjun Guan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhenhan Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xueshuai Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Haoyun Zhang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston 02115, MA, USA
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Nagu P, Sharma V, Behl T, Pathan AKA, Mehta V. Molecular Insights to the Wnt Signaling During Alzheimer's Disorder: a Potential Target for Therapeutic Interventions. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:679-690. [PMID: 34997460 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the adult brain, Wnt signaling is crucial for neurogenesis, and it also regulates neuronal development, neuronal maturation, neuronal differential, and proliferation. Impaired Wnt signaling pathways are associated with enhanced levels of amyloid-β, reduced β-catenin levels, and increased expression of GSK-3β enzyme, suggesting its direct association with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disorder (AD). These findings are consolidated by reports where activation of Wnt signaling by genetic factors and pharmacological intervention has improved the cognitive functions in animals and restored neurogenesis in the adult brain. Various natural and synthetic molecules have been identified that modulate Wnt signaling in the adult brain and promote neurogenesis and alleviate behavioral dysfunction. These molecules include lithium, valproic acid, ethosuximide, selenomethionine, curcumin, andrographolide, xanthoceraside, huperzine A, pyridostigmine, ginkgolide-B, ricinine, cannabidiol, and resveratrol. These molecules are associated with the DKK1 and GSK-3β inhibition and β-catenin stabilization along with their effects on neurogenesis, neuronal proliferation, and differentiation in the hippocampus through modulation of Wnt signaling and thereby could prove beneficial in the management of AD pathogenesis. Although modulation of the Wnt signaling seems to suggest to be promising in the management of AD, unfortunately, most of the literature available for the association of Wnt signaling and AD pathogenesis is either from preclinical studies or post-mortem brain. Therefore, it will be interesting to understand the role of Wnt signaling in AD patients, and a rigorous investigation could provide us with a better understanding of AD pathogenesis and the identification of novel targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Nagu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh 171207, Rohru, District Shimla, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amjad Khan A Pathan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh 171207, Rohru, District Shimla, India.
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9
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Ma R, Kutchy NA, Chen L, Meigs DD, Hu G. Primary cilia and ciliary signaling pathways in aging and age-related brain disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 163:105607. [PMID: 34979259 PMCID: PMC9280856 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of structure and function of the brain as a consequence of progressive degeneration and/or death of nerve cells. Aging is a major risk factor for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and stroke. Various cellular and molecular events have been shown to play a role in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging studies suggest that primary cilia could be a key regulator in brain diseases. The primary cilium is a singular cellular organelle expressed on the surface of many cell types, such as astrocytes and neurons in the mature brain. Primary cilia detect extracellular cues, such as Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) protein, and transduce these signals into cells to regulate various signaling pathways. Abnormalities in ciliary length and frequency (ratio of ciliated cells) have been implicated in various human diseases, including brain disorders. This review summarizes current findings and thoughts on the role of primary cilia and ciliary signaling pathways in aging and age-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Naseer A Kutchy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Douglas D Meigs
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
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Pinto C, Pérez V, Mella J, Albistur M, Caprile T, Bronfman FC, Henríquez JP. Transport and Secretion of the Wnt3 Ligand by Motor Neuron-like Cells and Developing Motor Neurons. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121898. [PMID: 34944540 PMCID: PMC8699186 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is formed by a presynaptic motor nerve terminal and a postsynaptic muscle specialization. Cumulative evidence reveals that Wnt ligands secreted by the nerve terminal control crucial steps of NMJ synaptogenesis. For instance, the Wnt3 ligand is expressed by motor neurons at the time of NMJ formation and induces postsynaptic differentiation in recently formed muscle fibers. However, the behavior of presynaptic-derived Wnt ligands at the vertebrate NMJ has not been deeply analyzed. Here, we conducted overexpression experiments to study the expression, distribution, secretion, and function of Wnt3 by transfection of the motor neuron-like NSC-34 cell line and by in ovo electroporation of chick motor neurons. Our findings reveal that Wnt3 is transported along motor axons in vivo following a vesicular-like pattern and reaches the NMJ area. In vitro, we found that endogenous Wnt3 expression increases as the differentiation of NSC-34 cells proceeds. Although NSC-34 cells overexpressing Wnt3 do not modify their morphological differentiation towards a neuronal phenotype, they effectively induce acetylcholine receptor clustering on co-cultured myotubes. These findings support the notion that presynaptic Wnt3 is transported and secreted by motor neurons to induce postsynaptic differentiation in nascent NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pinto
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Viviana Pérez
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Jessica Mella
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Miguel Albistur
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Axon Guidance Laboratory, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile;
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- CARE Biomedical Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Henríquez
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-41-220-3492
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11
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Lo TW, Figueroa-Romero C, Hur J, Pacut C, Stoll E, Spring C, Lewis R, Nair A, Goutman SA, Sakowski SA, Nagrath S, Feldman EL. Extracellular Vesicles in Serum and Central Nervous System Tissues Contain microRNA Signatures in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:739016. [PMID: 34776863 PMCID: PMC8586523 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.739016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminalneurodegenerative disease. Clinical and molecular observations suggest that ALS pathology originates at a single site and spreads in an organized and prion-like manner, possibly driven by extracellular vesicles. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer cargo molecules associated with ALS pathogenesis, such as misfolded and aggregated proteins and dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs). However, it is poorly understood whether altered levels of circulating extracellular vesicles or their cargo components reflect pathological signatures of the disease. In this study, we used immuno-affinity-based microfluidic technology, electron microscopy, and NanoString miRNA profiling to isolate and characterize extracellular vesicles and their miRNA cargo from frontal cortex, spinal cord, and serum of sporadic ALS (n = 15) and healthy control (n = 16) participants. We found larger extracellular vesicles in ALS spinal cord versus controls and smaller sized vesicles in ALS serum. However, there were no changes in the number of extracellular vesicles between cases and controls across any tissues. Characterization of extracellular vesicle-derived miRNA cargo in ALS compared to controls identified significantly altered miRNA levels in all tissues; miRNAs were reduced in ALS frontal cortex and spinal cord and increased in serum. Two miRNAs were dysregulated in all three tissues: miR-342-3p was increased in ALS, and miR-1254 was reduced in ALS. Additional miRNAs overlapping across two tissues included miR-587, miR-298, miR-4443, and miR-450a-2-3p. Predicted targets and pathways associated with the dysregulated miRNAs across the ALS tissues were associated with common biological pathways altered in neurodegeneration, including axon guidance and long-term potentiation. A predicted target of one identified miRNA (N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 4; NDST4) was likewise dysregulated in an in vitro model of ALS, verifying potential biological relevance. Together, these findings demonstrate that circulating extracellular vesicle miRNA cargo mirror those of the central nervous system disease state in ALS, and thereby offer insight into possible pathogenic factors and diagnostic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-wen Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Crystal Pacut
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Evan Stoll
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Calvin Spring
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rose Lewis
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Athul Nair
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephen A. Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stacey A. Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Binterface Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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12
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Hu XM, Li ZX, Zhang DY, Yang YC, Fu SA, Zhang ZQ, Yang RH, Xiong K. A systematic summary of survival and death signalling during the life of hair follicle stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:453. [PMID: 34380571 PMCID: PMC8359037 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are among the most widely available resources and most frequently approved model systems used for studying adult stem cells. HFSCs are particularly useful because of their self-renewal and differentiation properties. Additionally, the cyclic growth of hair follicles is driven by HFSCs. There are high expectations for the use of HFSCs as favourable systems for studying the molecular mechanisms that contribute to HFSC identification and can be applied to hair loss therapy, such as the activation or regeneration of hair follicles, and to the generation of hair using a tissue-engineering strategy. A variety of molecules are involved in the networks that critically regulate the fate of HFSCs, such as factors in hair follicle growth and development (in the Wnt pathway, Sonic hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, and BMP pathway), and that suppress apoptotic cues (the apoptosis pathway). Here, we review the life cycle, biomarkers and functions of HFSCs, concluding with a summary of the signalling pathways involved in HFSC fate for promoting better understanding of the pathophysiological changes in the HFSC niche. Importantly, we highlight the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic targets involved in pathways associated with the treatment of hair loss and other disorders of skin and hair, including alopecia, skin cancer, skin inflammation, and skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Dan-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shen-Ao Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zai-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, #81, Lingnan North Road, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, China.
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13
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Sidibé H, Dubinski A, Vande Velde C. The multi-functional RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and its potential implication in neurodegenerative disease. J Neurochem 2021; 157:944-962. [PMID: 33349931 PMCID: PMC8248322 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a multi-functional protein that is best known for its role in the assembly and dynamics of stress granules. Recent studies have highlighted that G3BP1 also has other functions related to RNA metabolism. In the context of disease, G3BP1 has been therapeutically targeted in cancers because its over-expression is correlated with proliferation of cancerous cells and metastasis. However, evidence suggests that G3BP1 is essential for neuronal development and possibly neuronal maintenance. In this review, we will examine the many functions that are carried out by G3BP1 in the context of neurons and speculate how these functions are critical to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we will highlight the similarities and differences between G3BP1 and the closely related protein G3BP2, which is frequently overlooked. Although G3BP1 and G3BP2 have both been deemed important for stress granule assembly, their roles may differ in other cellular pathways, some of which are specific to the CNS, and presents an opportunity for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjara Sidibé
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversité de Montréal, and CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
| | - Alicia Dubinski
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversité de Montréal, and CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversité de Montréal, and CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
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14
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From Channels to Canonical Wnt Signaling: A Pathological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094613. [PMID: 33924772 PMCID: PMC8125460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an important pathway mainly active during embryonic development and controlling cell proliferation. This regulatory pathway is aberrantly activated in several human diseases. Ion channels are known modulators of several important cellular functions ranging from the tuning of the membrane potential to modulation of intracellular pathways, in particular the influence of ion channels in Wnt signaling regulation has been widely investigated. This review will discuss the known links between ion channels and canonical Wnt signaling, focusing on their possible roles in human metabolic diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer.
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15
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Chircov C, Miclea II, Grumezescu V, Grumezescu AM. Essential Oils for Bone Repair and Regeneration-Mechanisms and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1867. [PMID: 33918697 PMCID: PMC8069393 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although bone possesses a remarkable capacity for self-remodeling and self-healing of small defects, the continuously increasing growth of bone diseases in the elderly population is becoming a significant burden, affecting individual life quality and society. Conventional treatment options involve surgical procedures for repair and reconstruction, local debridement, autografts or allografts, bone transport, Masquelet's two-stage reconstructions, and vascularized bone transplants. However, as such approaches often lead to disruptions of bone-regeneration processes and microbial contaminations and are often inefficient, researchers focus on developing bone-regenerative strategies and identifying novel therapeutic agents that could aid the bone-healing process. In this regard, plant-derived biocompounds, especially essential oils (EOs), have received great scientific attention in recent years, owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Current studies focus on either the direct application of EOs on bone tissue or the introduction of EOs as bioactive compounds in bone scaffolds or as coatings for bone implants. Some of the EOs investigated involve St. John's wort, rosemary, thyme, ylang, white poplar, eucalyptus, lavender, and grape seed. In this context, the present paper aims to provide an overview of the main mechanisms involved in bone repair and regeneration and the potential of EOs to address and enhance these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Ion Iulian Miclea
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Valentina Grumezescu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania;
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Road, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (I.I.M.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Road, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Lehmkuhl EM, Loganathan S, Alsop E, Blythe AD, Kovalik T, Mortimore NP, Barrameda D, Kueth C, Eck RJ, Siddegowda BB, Joardar A, Ball H, Macias ME, Bowser R, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Zarnescu DC. TDP-43 proteinopathy alters the ribosome association of multiple mRNAs including the glypican Dally-like protein (Dlp)/GPC6. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:52. [PMID: 33762006 PMCID: PMC7992842 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease in which 97% of patients exhibit cytoplasmic aggregates containing the RNA binding protein TDP-43. Using tagged ribosome affinity purifications in Drosophila models of TDP-43 proteinopathy, we identified TDP-43 dependent translational alterations in motor neurons impacting the spliceosome, pentose phosphate and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. A subset of the mRNAs with altered ribosome association are also enriched in TDP-43 complexes suggesting that they may be direct targets. Among these, dlp mRNA, which encodes the glypican Dally like protein (Dlp)/GPC6, a wingless (Wg/Wnt) signaling regulator is insolubilized both in flies and patient tissues with TDP-43 pathology. While Dlp/GPC6 forms puncta in the Drosophila neuropil and ALS spinal cords, it is reduced at the neuromuscular synapse in flies suggesting compartment specific effects of TDP-43 proteinopathy. These findings together with genetic interaction data show that Dlp/GPC6 is a novel, physiologically relevant target of TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M. Lehmkuhl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Suvithanandhini Loganathan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Eric Alsop
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Alexander D. Blythe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Tina Kovalik
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA
| | - Nicholas P. Mortimore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Dianne Barrameda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Chuol Kueth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Randall J. Eck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Bhavani B. Siddegowda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Archi Joardar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Hannah Ball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Maria E. Macias
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Robert Bowser
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA
| | | | - Daniela C. Zarnescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, 1040 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
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17
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Ozalp O, Cark O, Azbazdar Y, Haykir B, Cucun G, Kucukaylak I, Alkan-Yesilyurt G, Sezgin E, Ozhan G. Nradd Acts as a Negative Feedback Regulator of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Promotes Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:100. [PMID: 33466728 PMCID: PMC7828832 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls many biological processes for the generation and sustainability of proper tissue size, organization and function during development and homeostasis. Consequently, mutations in the Wnt pathway components and modulators cause diseases, including genetic disorders and cancers. Targeted treatment of pathway-associated diseases entails detailed understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that fine-tune Wnt signaling. Here, we identify the neurotrophin receptor-associated death domain (Nradd), a homolog of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), as a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in zebrafish embryos and in mammalian cells. Nradd significantly suppresses Wnt8-mediated patterning of the mesoderm and neuroectoderm during zebrafish gastrulation. Nradd is localized at the plasma membrane, physically interacts with the Wnt receptor complex and enhances apoptosis in cooperation with Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our functional analyses indicate that the N-glycosylated N-terminus and the death domain-containing C-terminus regions are necessary for both the inhibition of Wnt signaling and apoptosis. Finally, Nradd can induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. Thus, Nradd regulates cell death as a modifier of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Ozalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cark
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Haykir
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Institute of Physiology, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gokhan Cucun
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kucukaylak
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Institute of Zoology-Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gozde Alkan-Yesilyurt
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
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18
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Xu RS, Yuan M. Considerations on the concept, definition, and diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1723-1729. [PMID: 33510061 PMCID: PMC8328770 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept, definition, and diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) currently present some problems. This article systematically reviews the literature on the history, current concepts, definition, and diagnosis of ALS, and discloses the present problems based on the retrieved literature and the authors’ clinical experience. The current concepts and definitions of ALS have not yet been unified or standardized in clinical practice, and are sometimes vague or inaccurate, which can cause difficulties for neurologists in the clinical treatment of ALS. The concept and definition of ALS need to be further ascertained, and the current diagnostic criteria for ALS require further development. The identification of effective and objective biomarkers may be a feasible method for the early and accurate diagnosis of ALS. Therefore, future research should focus on the identification of reliable biomarkers—especially neuroimaging biomarkers—through autopsy. Standardizing the concept and definition of ALS and formulating clear diagnostic criteria will largely avoid many uncertainties in the future clinical research and treatment of ALS, which will greatly benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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19
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Vieira JR, Shah B, Ruiz de Almodovar C. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Vascularization. Front Physiol 2020; 11:599897. [PMID: 33424624 PMCID: PMC7793711 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.599897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic central nervous system (CNS) development, the neural and the vascular systems communicate with each other in order to give rise to a fully functional and mature CNS. The initial avascular CNS becomes vascularized by blood vessel sprouting from different vascular plexus in a highly stereotypical and controlled manner. This process is similar across different regions of the CNS. In particular for the developing spinal cord (SC), blood vessel ingression occurs from a perineural vascular plexus during embryonic development. In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive description of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this stereotypical and controlled patterning of blood vessels in the developing embryonic SC, identified using different animal models. We discuss how signals derived from neural progenitors and differentiated neurons guide the SC growing vasculature. Lastly, we provide a perspective of how the molecular mechanisms identified during development could be used to better understand pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ricardo Vieira
- European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bhavin Shah
- European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
- European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Martins AC, Gubert P, Villas Boas GR, Paes MM, Santamaría A, Lee E, Tinkov AA, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Manganese-induced neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:1109-1121. [PMID: 32799578 PMCID: PMC7657997 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1807330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prion disease represent important public health concerns. Exposure to high levels of heavy metals such as manganese (Mn) may contribute to their development. AREAS COVERED In this critical review, we address the role of Mn in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases and discuss emerging treatments of Mn overload, such as chelation therapy. In addition, we discuss natural and synthetic compounds under development as prospective therapeutics. Moreover, bioinformatic approaches to identify new potential targets and therapeutic substances to reverse the neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Here, the authors highlight the importance of better understanding the molecular mechanisms of toxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and the role of Mn in these diseases. Additional emphasis should be directed to the discovery of new agents to treat Mn-induced diseases, since present day chelator therapies have limited bioavailability. Furthermore, the authors encourage the scientific community to develop research using libraries of compounds to screen those compounds that show efficacy in regulating brain Mn levels. In addition, bioinformatics may provide novel insight for pathways and clinical treatments associated with Mn-induced neurodegeneration, leading to a new direction in Mn toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, LIKA, Federal, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Villas Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marina Meirelles Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Wnt antagonist FRZB is a muscle biomarker of denervation atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16679. [PMID: 33028902 PMCID: PMC7541525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and the neuromuscular junction are the earliest sites to manifest pathological changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Based on prior studies, we have identified a molecular signature in muscle that develops early in ALS and parallels disease progression. This signature represents an intersection of signaling pathways including Smads, TGF-β, and vitamin D. Here, we show that the Wnt antagonist, Frizzled Related Protein (FRZB), was increased in ALS muscle samples and to a variable extent other denervating disease but only minimally in acquired myopathies. In the SOD1G93A mouse, FRZB was upregulated in the early stages of disease (between 40 and 60 days) until end-stage. By immunohistochemistry, FRZB was predominantly localized to endomysial connective tissue and to a lesser extent muscle membrane. There was a significant increase in immunoreactivity surrounding atrophied myofibers. Because FRZB is a Wnt antagonist, we assessed β-catenin, the canonical transducer of Wnt signaling, and found increased levels mainly at the muscle membrane. In summary, we show that FRZB is part of a molecular signature of muscle denervation that may reflect disease progression in ALS. Our findings open up avenues for future investigation as to what roles FRZB and Wnt signaling might be playing in muscle denervation/reinnervation.
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