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Shafiei R, Mohajerzadeh MS, Masomi HFA, Tavakoli M, Turki H, Firouzeh N. Discordance Therapeutic Protocol of Cystic Echinococcosis With WHO Guideline: A Descriptive Study Based on Liver Ultra-Sonographic Data in North Khorasan Province, Northeastern of Iran. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2024; 43:1279-1287. [PMID: 38497687 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a helminth-associated zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus, poses a significant public health problem, particularly in pastoral-rearing regions. The lack of uniform guidelines led to variations in CE management. Based on ultrasound data, the World Health Organization Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE) classification system categorizes cysts into active, transitional, and inactive groups. This study assesses whether the therapeutic approach from liver human operation cases in North Khorasan province aligns with the WHO-IWGE reference based on ultrasound data. METHODS The research is based on ultrasound data from liver CE human operation cases collected between 2018 and 2022. This retrospective study investigates the therapeutic protocol for (CE) in North Khorasan Province, Iran, comparing it with the WHO-IWGE guidelines. We collect data from previously registered patients' medical information from our studied area's main CE surgical hospital. Moreover, as the first hospitalized survey in Iran, this study reveals insights into patient demographics, cyst stage prevalence, and treatment modalities. RESULTS Notably, more than half of the patients were treated for CE1 stage cysts, and CE4 cases, which generally do not require surgery, underwent open surgery. The results suggest a need for adherence to the "watch-and-wait" approach in specific cases. All patients underwent successful surgeries, but we do not have access to follow-up data from patients after discharge. CONCLUSIONS This descriptive study contributes to understanding the implementation of WHO guidelines in a regional context, shedding light on the challenges and variations in CE management. It seems, retraining courses for surgeons are required to update their knowledge of standard CE diagnostic and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shafiei
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mina Sadat Mohajerzadeh
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Tavakoli
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Habibollah Turki
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nima Firouzeh
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Delkov D, Zdravchev S, Ivanov A, Chitalov Z, Kadim M, Antonov P. Bladder echinococcosis presented by hydatiduria - Casuistic case. Urol Case Rep 2024; 53:102659. [PMID: 38327638 PMCID: PMC10847018 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. The two most important forms of the disease in humans are cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) and alveolar echinococcosis. Humans are infected through ingestion of parasite eggs in contaminated food, water, or soil, or through direct contact with animal hosts. Although most reported patients with Echinococcosis have cysts in their lungs and livers, more unusual cyst locations were also recorded. Evolution of cysts, irrespective of their localization is associated with many complications including life-threatening. We report unusual localization of parasitic cyst in urinary bladder, diagnostic and therapeutic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Delkov
- Medical University, Plovdiv, 15, Vasil Aprilov str, 4002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Urology, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Zdravchev
- Medical University, Plovdiv, 15, Vasil Aprilov str, 4002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Urology, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas Ivanov
- Medical University, Plovdiv, 15, Vasil Aprilov str, 4002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Urology, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhan Chitalov
- Medical University, Plovdiv, 15, Vasil Aprilov str, 4002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Urology, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Madzhid Kadim
- Medical University, Plovdiv, 15, Vasil Aprilov str, 4002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Urology, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Antonov
- Medical University, Plovdiv, 15, Vasil Aprilov str, 4002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Urology, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Satyaprakash K, Khan WA, Zade NN, Chaudhari SP, Shinde SV, Kurkure NV, Shembalkar PK. Serological and molecular detection of neurocysticercosis among epileptic patients in Nagpur, Maharashtra state (India). Helminthologia 2023; 60:208-220. [PMID: 38152476 PMCID: PMC10750244 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC), one of the most important neuroparasitic diseases in humans, is caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the metacestode stage of digenetic zoonotic cestode Taenia solium. The present study aims at the detection of anti-cysticercus antibodies in the sera of epileptic patients (n=26) visiting a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India, by an in-house developed indirect IgG-ELISA and enzyme-linked immunoelectro transfer blot (EITB) assay using different antigens (namely, Whole Cyst Antigen (WCA), Cystic Fluid Antigen (CFA), Scolex Antigen (SA), Excretory-Secretory Antigen (ESA) and Membrane-Body Antigen (MBA)) prepared from T. solium metacestodes to find out the status of NCC. An attempt has also been made for molecular detection of NCC from blood samples of those patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay targeted at large subunit rRNA gene of T. solium. The IgG ELISA level of anti-cysticercus antibodies against WCA, CFA, SA, ESA and MBA antigens were as follows: 19.23 %, 23.07 %, 38.46 %, 30.76 % and 15.38 %. The seroreactivity to CFA, SA and ESA was found in equal proportions in patients with ring-enhancing lesions. In the EITB assay, the lower and medium molecular weight protein bands of SA and ESA were immunodominant compared to the higher WCA and CFA peptides. PCR positivity could be observed in 34.6 % (9/26) of the patients under study. It is the first report of detecting NCC among epileptic patients of the Nagpur region of Maharashtra state in India using serological and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Satyaprakash
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India-440006
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India-231001
| | - W. A. Khan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India-440006
| | - N. N. Zade
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India-440006
| | - S. P. Chaudhari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India-440006
| | - S. V. Shinde
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India-440006
| | - N. V. Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India-440006
| | - P. K. Shembalkar
- Get Well Hospital and Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India-440012
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Yoo JS, Kang MK, Park JG, Kim HJ, Choi JH. Clinical Implications for the Comprehensive Interpretation of Radiologic and Immunodiagnostic Tests in Patients Suspected of Parasitic Hepatic Cyst, a Rare Case in Korea. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030155. [PMID: 36977156 PMCID: PMC10052134 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a representative neglected tropical disease (NTD) with increased morbidity and mortality but is ignored and overlooked in developed countries. Serological and radiographic findings are helpful in distinguishing these parasites; however, conflicting results of these can make it difficult to diagnose if medical knowledge of hepatic parasitic disease, including the etiology, features of imaging, and immunodiagnostic test, is not acquired. We report the case of a male patient with dyspepsia and right epigastric pain who had positive results for cysticercosis antibodies on immunodiagnostic examination. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed two huge communicating cystic lesions measuring 8–11 cm. Further evaluations for cysticercosis of the brain (neurocysticercosis) and eyes (intraocular cysticercosis) were unremarkable throughout the brain imaging test and fundus examination. A laparoscopic right hemi-hepatectomy was performed for diagnosis and treatment. On histopathological examination, diverse stages of Echinococcus granulosus were identified. Albendazole was administered postoperatively, and the patient was also followed up. We should be aware of the etiologies that have been prevalent in parasite infection thought to be the cause of hepatic cysts. Moreover, we make an effort to ascertain the patient’s nationality, past travel experiences, and immediate environment, including any animals and pets. We present the case of a patient who was worried about the possibility of liver invasion of cysticercus due to the positivity of the cysticercosis antibody and was ultimately diagnosed with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-620-3316; Fax: +82-53-654-8386
| | - Jung-Gil Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kim
- Departments of Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
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Khurana S, Yadav B, Husain U, Datta P, Mewara A, Sehgal R. Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis: A study from a tertiary care center of North India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 41:10-12. [PMID: 36870741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Present study retrospectively analysed the serological data of patients suspected of cystic echinococcosis (CE) attending the outpatient clinics or admitted in our hospital. An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to analyse anti-CE antibodies in serum samples of 3680 patients. Microscopy of aspirated cystic fluid was performed on 170 cases only. CE seropositive cases were 595 (16.2%), of which 293 (49.2%) were males and 302 (50.8%) were females. A higher percentage of seropositivity was found in adults within age range of 21-40 years of age. There has been a decrease in seropositivity in the study years (2016-2021) in comparison to previous years (1999-2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeeta Khurana
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Bhavana Yadav
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Uneza Husain
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Priya Datta
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Abhishek Mewara
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Obafunwa JO, Reinhard K. Diagnosing neurocysticercosis in skeletonized human remains of forensic importance. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 93:102471. [PMID: 36584500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is endemic in many parts of the underdeveloped and developing countries, with continuous presence in developed countries due to the influx of migrants from regions where the diseases are endemic. Neuroimaging, anatomic pathological techniques, immunodiagnostic tests, clinical examination and epidemiologic considerations will easily provide the diagnosis. However, physicians in developed countries are perhaps progressively missing the diagnosis, and need to re-acquaint themselves with the condition and acquire a high suspicion index. The authors present a medicolegal case where the forensic team made a conclusion of neurocysticercosis (among other diagnoses), following post mortem examination of a largely skeletonized and mummified human remains. Characteristic changes were observed in the calvarium of the decedent at autopsy. Review of the antemortem medical records revealed that Computed Tomography (CT) scan had 12 years earlier, suggested diagnostic features in a Hispanic migrant, but the attending surgeons failed to consider the possibility of the condition. Physicians should pay attention to suggestive clinical findings especially when attending to individuals coming from endemic parts of the world. Cysticercosis remains endemic and a misdiagnosis can potentially attract medical malpractice suits. Forensic pathologists should also consider the possibility of uncommon clinical disorders, even in skeletonized remains. Perhaps an earlier diagnosis might have altered the outcome in the decedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Obafunwa
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
| | - K Reinhard
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA
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Satyaprakash K, Khan WA, Chaudhari SP, Shinde SV, Kolte SW, Pansare NR, Likhite AV. Optimization of In-House Indirect-ELISA & EITB Assays Employing Cysticercus cellulosae Antigens for Serological Detection and PCR Assays for Molecular Detection of Porcine Cysticercosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2023; 18:19-29. [PMID: 37197077 PMCID: PMC10183449 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v18i1.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Porcine cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of Taenia solium is an important neglected zoonosis. We evaluated the presence of anti-cysticercal antibodies and T. solium specific DNA in pig sera and blood samples respectively collected from Maharashtra, India. Methods A total of three antigens (Scolex Antigen (SA), Membrane Body Antigen (MBA) and Excretory-Secretory Antigen (ESA)) were prepared from metacestodes of T. solium and employed in an in-house developed indirect-IgG ELISA for serological screening of 1000 porcine sera samples at Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra, India. The ELISA positive sera samples were subjected to EITB Assay for detection of immunodominant peptides. An effort has been made for molecular detection of porcine cysticercosis by PCR assay targeting large subunit rRNA gene of T. solium from blood samples of the corresponding ELISA-positive pigs. Results The overall seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis employing SA, MBA and ESA was 12.6%, 8.7% and 12.5% respectively. The lower and medium molecular weight peptides were the most frequently recognised in EITB assay. The numbers of bands recognised in EITB assay were observed to be proportionate with the corresponding ELISA O.D. values. An amplification product of 286 bp was observed in 22.98% (20/87), 30.35% (30/99) and 17.14% (12/70) of the sero-positive samples against SA, ESA and MBA respectively. Conclusion EITB still remains the gold standard serodiagnosis test for cysticercosis. The inclusion of a greater number of positive samples and purification of antigens may improve the diagnostic efficacy of the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Satyaprakash
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Wiqar Ahmed Khan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Shilpshri Vasant Shinde
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Waman Kolte
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Ramchandra Pansare
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amrut Vijay Likhite
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Li Y, Yu Y, Liu Q, Qi H, Li S, Xin J, Xing Y. A CT-based radiomics nomogram for the differentiation of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis from pulmonary abscess. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3393-3401. [PMID: 36181541 PMCID: PMC9525946 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish a clinical prediction model for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis (CE) and pulmonary abscess according to computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics signatures and clinical indicators. This is a retrospective single-centre study. A total of 117 patients, including 53 with pulmonary CE and 64 with pulmonary abscess, were included in our study and were randomly divided into a training set (n = 95) and validation set (n = 22). Radiomics features were extracted from CT images, a radiomics signature was constructed, and clinical indicators were evaluated to establish a clinical prediction model. Finally, a model combining imaging radiomics features and clinical indicators was constructed. The performance of the nomogram, radiomics signature and clinical prediction model was evaluated and validated with the training and test datasets, and then the three models were compared. The radiomics signature of this study was established by 25 features, and the radiomics nomogram was constructed by using clinical factors and the radiomics signature. Finally, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for the training set and test set were 0.970 and 0.983, respectively. Decision curve analysis showed that the radiologic nomogram was better than the clinical prediction model and individual radiologic characteristic model in differentiating pulmonary CE from pulmonary abscess. The radiological nomogram and models based on clinical factors and individual radiomics features can distinguish pulmonary CE from pulmonary abscess and will be of great help to clinical diagnoses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaohui Yu
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haicheng Qi
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shan Li
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Xin
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Hernández-Córdova G, Failoc-Rojas VE, Tarco R, Iglesias-Osores S, Romaní F. Case Report: Total Nephrectomy for Renal Hydatidosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:714-717. [PMID: 34781264 PMCID: PMC8832898 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis, known as hydatidosis, is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus. Renal hydatidosis is a very rare condition, representing 1% to 2% of cases. We present an 18-year-old patient who, after suffering a trauma, experienced severe lower back pain and persistent gross hematuria disproportionate to the trauma. Ultrasonography and tomography revealed cystic images compatible with right renal hydatidosis and hemoperitoneum. In addition, rapid clinical deterioration was observed with decreased hematocrit, leading to lumpectomy with abundant cysts inside and outside the right kidney, without viable parenchyma. Therefore, a total nephrectomy was performed. The patient was discharged with albendazole treatment. Pathological anatomic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of hydatidosis. Surgery remains the best therapeutic option. The use of ultrasonography improves the early detection of zoonosis, especially in pediatric patients, and favors the use of more conservative therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Hernández-Córdova
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru;,Universidad Tecnologica del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru;,Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación -- IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru;,Address correspondence to Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas, Av. La Fontana 501, La Molina, Lima, Peru. E-mail:
| | - Rigel Tarco
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad, Cusco, Peru;,Hospital Regional del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | | | - Franco Romaní
- Hospital Regional del Cusco, Cusco, Peru;,Universidad Tecnologica del Peru, Lima, Peru
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Ciftci TT, Yabanoglu-Ciftci S, Unal E, Akinci D, Baysal I, Yuce G, Dogrul AB, Orsten S, Akhan O, Nemutlu E. Metabolomic profiling of active and inactive liver cystic echinococcosis. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105985. [PMID: 34048790 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the life-threatening diseases worldwide. It is a parasitic zoonosis caused by tapeworms of the species Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l). The treatment options of CE vary from simple "watch and wait" approach to invasive treatment, based on the type and especially the nature of the cyst (active/inactive). Serological tests are inadequate to distinguish between active and inactive CE. A diagnostic reference that can determine whether the cyst is active or inactive can easily guide the treatment strategy. We aimed to test whether gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-quadropole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS) based metabolomics can establish a plasma metabolic fingerprint of CE patients and identify a diagnostic reference to discriminate active and inactive CE cysts. Metabolite concentrations were measured in plasma samples of 36 active CE patients, 17 inactive CE patients and 31 healthy controls. Multivariate statistical analysis on 232 identified metabolites obtained from two analytical platforms was performed by using principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) methods. The PLS-DA scores plot of the combined data set demonstrated a good separation between the groups. Compared to the healthy control group, decreased levels of squalene and increased levels of glyceric acid, 3-phosphoglycerate, glutamic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were determined in the CE patients. However, decreased levels of 3-phosphoglycerate and increased levels of 4-hydroxyphenylacetylglutamine, docosahexanoic acid were determined in active CE patients compared to the inactive CE patients. Determination of differences in metabolites may provide detailed understandings of potential metabolic process associated with active and inactive CE patients, and altered specific metabolic changes may provide some clues to obtain diagnostic reference for CE. This study has certain limitations: a. various factors affecting results of metabolomic studies such as lifestyle and dietary habits of the patients could not be fully controlled b. other infectious or malignant diseases of the liver should also be included as a positive control to evaluate the specificity of the diagnostic references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turkmen T Ciftci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Samiye Yabanoglu-Ciftci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Emre Unal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Devrim Akinci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Ipek Baysal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Yuce
- Ministry of Health, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Bulent Dogrul
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serra Orsten
- Hacettepe University, Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Okan Akhan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara 06100, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bioanalytic and Omics Laboratory, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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Application of Multi-Slice Computed Tomography for the Preoperative Diagnosis and Classification of Pulmonary Cystic Echinococcosis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030353. [PMID: 34156394 PMCID: PMC8002315 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis remains a serious threat to public health. A standardized, imaging-based classification method for pulmonary echinococcosis has not yet been developed despite the existence of a standardized ultrasound classification method and treatment plan for hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Chest computed tomography (CT) images from 34 cases of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis with 46 lesions were used for classification based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standardized ultrasound classification of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. CT findings were compared with intraoperative observations and postoperative pathological results to assess accuracy. Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis was common in women (14/34, 41.2%) and children (14/34, 41.2%) with a single cyst (28/46, 60.9%). Most lesions were classified as cystic echinococcosis 1(CE1, 19/46) or cystic echinococcosis 3(CE3, 21/46). Blood leukocytosis was mostly observed in CE3 lesions (100%, 9/9) (p < 0.05). The preoperative CT diagnosis of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis had an accuracy rate of 100%. The preoperative CT typing, and postoperative pathological typing had a coincidence rate of 97.8% (45/46). Our study provided a classification method based on CT imaging for pulmonary cystic echinococcosis that can be used during pre-surgical planning to reduce patient’s postoperative complications and mortality.
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Zheng X, Wu G, Lv G, Yin L, Luo B, Lv X, Chen C. Combining derivative Raman with autofluorescence to improve the diagnosis performance of echinococcosis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119083. [PMID: 33137629 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease transmitted by animals and distributed all over the world. There is no standardized and widely accepted treatment method, and early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for the prevention and cure of echinococcosis. Here, we explored the feasibility of using derivative Raman in combination with autofluorescence (AF) to improve the diagnosis performance of echinococcosis. The spectra of serum samples from patients with echinococcosis, as well as healthy volunteers, were recorded at 633 nm excitation. The normalized mean Raman spectra showed that there is a decrease in the relative amounts of β carotene and phenylalanine and an increase in the percentage of tryptophan, tyrosine, and glutamic acid contents in the serum of echinococcosis patients as compared to that of healthy subjects. Then, principal components analysis (PCA), combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were adopted to distinguish echinococcosis patients from healthy volunteers. Based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value, the derivative Raman + AF spectral data set achieved the optimal results. The AUC value was improved by 0.08 for derivative Raman + AF (AUC = 0.98), compared to Raman alone. The results demonstrated that the fusion of derivative Raman and AF could effectively improve the performance of the diagnostic model, and this technique has great application potential in the clinical screening of echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zheng
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
| | - Guodong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Longfei Yin
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- School of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Zhuoli Z, Yu Z, Liya X, Mingzhong L, Shengwei L. Case Report: Laparoscopic Excision of a Primary Giant Splenic Hydatid Cyst: Literature Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:821-827. [PMID: 31407654 PMCID: PMC6779180 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid cyst, is a zoonosis caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is a common health problem in many countries. This condition predominantly affects the liver and the lungs, and the spleen to a less extent (splenic hydatid cyst, SHD). Indeed, it is estimated that SHD occurs in less than 2% of abdominal CE and 0.5-8% of CE cases. Here, we present a case of a 44-year-old Chinese woman with primary giant SHD who experienced pain in the left hypochondrium for 10 days. A combination of abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were used for preoperative diagnosis. Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed without any complications, and albendazole (400 mg per day) was administered postoperatively for 3 months. At 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up, the patient remained symptoms free, and abdominal CT found no signs of recurrence. In addition to this case, we review the previous literature on SHD treated by laparoscopy and reveal that laparoscopic approach is safe and effective for SHD. Particularly, we show that laparoscopic splenectomy is feasible for giant cysts (> 10 cm) at high risk of rupture or compressing other vital structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhuoli
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xu Liya
- Department of Pathology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liu Mingzhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Shengwei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ran B, Cheng L, Kang L, Aji T, Jiang T, Zhang R, Guo Q, Wen H, Shao Y, Xiao H. Treatment of Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis Patients with Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: A Case Report. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:647-650. [PMID: 33817203 PMCID: PMC7874816 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the larval cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Clear cell renal carcinoma is the most common pathological type of renal cell carcinoma. Echinococcosis complicated with carcinoma is rarely reported. Here, we reported a female patient with echinococcal cyst of the liver accompanied with clear cell renal carcinoma. This 27-year-old woman was admitted for abdominal pain. The serological testing of hydatid cyst was positive and levels of tumor markers were within the normal range. The computed tomography and histological findings confirmed hepatic echinococcal cyst complicated with renal carcinoma of kidney. Preoperative liver function was grade A. The patient underwent pericystectomy of liver hydatid cyst and partial nephrectomy. No recurrence was found at 1 year of follow-up. Liver hydatid complicated with renal cell carcinoma is rare, which should be differentiated from liver metastasis of renal cancer. Surgical resection is the optimal treatment. This case may provide insight for the diagnosis and research on the co-occurrence of tumor and hydatid cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ran
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.,School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Lujin Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Lin Kang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Tieming Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 1, Xinjiang China
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Daipert-Garcia D, Pavan MG, Neves LBD, Almeida FBD, Siqueira NG, Santos GBD, Dias-Correia TP, Ferreira HB, Rodrigues-Silva R. Genetic diversity of Echinococcus vogeli in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190149. [PMID: 31576902 PMCID: PMC6764793 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human polycystic echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval
stage of Echinococcus vogeli, which occurs in rural areas of
Central and South America. Until now, little information on the genetic
variability of E. vogeli is available. Here, 32 samples from
human-excised E. vogeli cysts had a 396-bp sequence of the
mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequenced and compared to another
17 COI sequences representing nine Echinococcus species. A
Bayesian COI tree revealed that all E. vogeli sequences formed
a monophyletic and well-supported clade with an E. vogeli
reference sequence. The occurrence of geographically restricted E.
vogeli COI haplotypes suggests retention of ancestral polymorphisms
with little migration in Acre, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Daipert-Garcia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Márcio Galvão Pavan
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leandro Batista das Neves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Barbosa de Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Nilton Ghiotti Siqueira
- Fundacão Hospital Estadual do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Brzoskowski Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Tuan Pedro Dias-Correia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Rosângela Rodrigues-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Shin DH, Jo HC, Kim JH, Jun KI, Park WB, Kim NJ, Choi MH, Kang CK, Oh MD. An Imported Case of Disseminated Echinococcosis in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:429-434. [PMID: 31533411 PMCID: PMC6753304 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A complicated case of echinococcosis with multiple organ involvement is reported in a 53-year-old businessman who frequently traveled overseas, including China, Russia, and Kazakhstan from 2001 to 2007. The patient was first diagnosed with a large liver cyst during a screening abdomen ultrasonography in 2011, but he did not follow up on the lesion afterwards. Six years later, dizziness, dysarthria, and cough developed, and cystic lesions were found in the brain, liver and lungs. The clinical course was complicated when the patient went through multiple surgeries and inadequate treatment with a short duration of albendazole without a definite diagnosis. The patient visited our hospital for the first time in August 2018 due to worsening symptoms; he was finally diagnosed with echinococcosis using imaging and serologic criteria. He is now on prolonged albendazole treatment (400 mg twice a day) with gradual clinical and radiological improvement. A high index of suspicion is warranted to early diagnose echinococcosis in a patient with a travel history to endemic areas of echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hae Chan Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kang Il Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Nam-Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Choi
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chang Kyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Ran B, Aji T, Jiang T, Zhang R, Guo Q, Abulizi A, Yimiti Y, Wen H, Shao Y. Differentiation between hepatic cystic echinococcosis types 1 and simple hepatic cysts: A retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e13731. [PMID: 30608385 PMCID: PMC6344192 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the clinic value of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and serological testing in the differentiation between hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) types 1 and simple hepatic cysts.Totally 50 patients with CE Types 1 and 50 patients with simple hepatic cysts were included. All patients examined by ultrasound, CT and serological testing respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of diagnosis methods was drawn and their sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were compared. Pathology result was used as golden standard.The area under ROC curve of ultrasound was 0.97 and of CT and serological testing was 0.79 and 0.71 respectively. The sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of CE Types 1 was 96.00%, specificity was 98.00%, the positive likelihood ratio was 48.00, and negative likelihood ratio was 0.04. Disease prevalence was 50%, positive predictive value was 97.96%, and negative predictive value was 96.08%. The sensitivity of CT was 80.00%, specificity was 62.00%, positive likelihood ratio was 2.11, and negative likelihood ratio was 0.32. Disease prevalence was 50%, positive predictive value was 67.80%, and negative predictive value was 75.61%. The sensitivity of immunological test was 86.00%, specificity was 72.00%, positive likelihood ratio was 3.07, and negative likelihood ratio was 0.19. Disease prevalence was 50%, positive predictive value was 75.44%, and negative predictive value was 83.72%. Combined ultrasound and immunological test, the sensitivity and the specificity was 82% and 100% respectively. Combined CT and immunological test, the sensitivity the specificity was 70% and 82% respectively.In the differentiate diagnosis of CE Types 1 and simple hepatic cyst, ultrasound is better than CT with high sensitivity and specificity, therefore recommended. Immunological examination is an important complement to the imaging examination.
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18
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Hijjawi NS, Al-Radaideh AM, Rababah EM, Al-Qaoud KM, Bani-Hani KE. Cystic echinococcosis in Jordan: A review of causative species, previous studies, serological and radiological diagnosis. Acta Trop 2018; 179:10-16. [PMID: 29246408 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE)/hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease which occur in human and herbivore animals as a result of infection with the larval stage of the taeniid cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.). In human, CE is a serious public health concern in many parts of the world including Jordan. The present review will cover CE causative agent: E. granulosus species/genotypes; life cycle of E. granulosus parasite, all published previous studies on CE in Jordan (humans, intermediate hosts, definitive host) as well as its diagnostic methods in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal S Hijjawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Ali M Al-Radaideh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Eman M Rababah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Khaled M Al-Qaoud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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Zaman K, Mewara A, Kumar S, Goyal K, Khurana S, Tripathi P, Sehgal R. Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis from North India (2004-2015). Trop Parasitol 2017; 7:103-106. [PMID: 29114488 PMCID: PMC5652046 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_15_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus is a disease of a significant burden in India. The World Health Organization recommends the use of hospital data for population surveillance to measure the prevalence of CE. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of CE and to compare with previous prevalence rates to estimate the changing pattern in seroprevalence of CE. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of laboratory data of 3929 clinically and/or radiologically suspected cases of CE was carried out for 12 years from 2004 to 2015 and compared to the previous data from 1984 to 2003. The seroprevalence of anti-hydatid immunoglobulin G (IgG) was assessed by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. Casoni's intradermal skin test and microscopy on aspirated hydatid cyst fluid were also done. The statistical significance was assessed using Chi-square test and Fisher's t-test. Results: Of the 3929 samples, 1124 (28.6%) were positive for specific anti-hydatid IgG antibody response, while of the 121 tested by Casoni's test, 56 (46.3%) were positive. The seropositivity of CE over the period of 12 years is rising. As compared to our previous data from 1984 to 2003, an overall significant increase in seropositivity was observed during 2004–2015 (28.6% vs. 15.0% in 1984–2003, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study emphasizes the necessity of continuous surveillance and integrated control measures to prevent CE in humans and livestock across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Zaman
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Mewara
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kapil Goyal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sumeeta Khurana
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Tripathi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Miles S, Navatta M, Dematteis S, Mourglia-Ettlin G. Identification of universal diagnostic peptide candidates for neglected tropical diseases caused by cestodes through the integration of multi-genome-wide analyses and immunoinformatic predictions. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:338-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sahu PS, Lim YAL, Mahmud R, Somanath SD, Tan CT, Ramachandran CP. Needs of exploring the burden of recent onset seizures due to neurocysticercosis and challenges in southeast Asia focusing on scenario in Malaysia. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:332-340. [PMID: 28552103 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures due to neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a neglected human-to-human transmitted disorder and an emerging problem worldwide. A substantial portion of recent onset seizures is known to be attributed to NCC in Taenia solium (T. solium) endemic areas where populations which neither raise pigs nor eat pig meat are also at risk. High prevalence of NCC causing epilepsy has been reported in the underdeveloped areas of Southeast Asia (SEA) however, only fragmentary information on its incidence is available in countries like Malaysia. In Malaysia T. solium infection was previously thought to be infrequent due to Muslim population majority and the religious prohibition of consuming pork, but it is not totally absent. There is an evident lack of knowledge and awareness of the actual burden, routes of transmission, and the impact of NCC in this region. The problem is assumed to be more prevalent particularly in cities because of the frequent inflow of possibly T. solium infected individuals or carriers among those who migrate from neighboring endemic countries to Malaysia. The issue of imported cases that are likely to be emerging in Malaysia is highlighted here. An accurate quantification of regional burdens of epilepsy due to NCC in Malaysia is warranted considering the disease emergence in its neighboring countries. It is suggested that the importance of NCC be recognized through quantification of its burden, and also to collect epidemiological data for its subsequent elimination in line of World Health Organization's mission for control of cysticercosis as a neglected tropical disease. In this review the need as well as a strategy for neuro-care center screening of epilepsy cases, and various issues with possible explanations are discussed. It is also proposed that NCC be declared as a reportable disease which is one of the eradicable public health problems in SEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshi S Sahu
- Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yvonne A L Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohela Mahmud
- Department of Parasitology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sushela D Somanath
- Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong T Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C P Ramachandran
- Programme Review Group, Neglected Tropical Diseases-WHO-Western Pacific Region, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Surgically managed human cystic echinococcosis in north-eastern Iran: a single center's experience from 2001 to 2008. J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:883-887. [PMID: 28848297 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Although CE has a large geographic distribution, data are lacking on the frequency of infection and epidemiology of CE in many endemic areas of the world, including the Middle East. Demographic and clinical information on surgically managed human CE cases were evaluated from a referral hospital in north-eastern Iran for the years 2001-2008. Of the 400 CE cases, 218 (54.5%) were male. The median age of patients was 35 years (range 2-83 years). The lungs (41.0%) and liver (37.7%) were the most commonly infected organs. However, 12.7% of patients had multiple organ involvement. The majority of cases (54.3%) were diagnosed using ultrasound, with only 12.0% diagnosed with the help of serology. Total white blood cell count was elevated in 26.8% (107/400) of patients, neutrophil count was elevated in 24.0% (96/400) of patients, and eosinophil count was elevated in 13.3% (53/400) of patients. Lymphocyte count was the only complete blood count (CBC) value that differed based on organ location (P = 0.001). Despite some successes in the control of CE, the number of surgical CE cases in north-eastern Iran remains high. Although not diagnostic alone, CBC values allow for clinicians to obtain a more complete clinical picture of CE before, during, and after treatment. While serology has its place, the use of diagnostic imaging continues to be the most commonly used tool for the diagnosis of CE cases.
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Cystic Echinococcosis: A Case of Extrahepatic Intra-Abdominal Involvement. Case Rep Radiol 2017; 2017:8919546. [PMID: 28194292 PMCID: PMC5282424 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8919546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatid disease, or echinococcal disease, is a parasitic infestation caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus tapeworm and it primarily affects the liver and lung but involvement of other organs is also possible secondary to peritoneal seeding or hematogeneous dissemination. We describe a rare case of extensive abdominal disease, with lesions affecting the liver, peritoneum, and lesser omentum, requiring aggressive surgical intervention. Complementary diagnostic exams were crucial to reach the diagnosis and evaluate the extension of the disease.
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Han S, Chen R, Fang W, Fu R, Wen J, Zhang X, Ma X. Investigation of the use of serology and ultrasonography to detect hepatic cystic echinococcosis in Heilongjiang, China, using a Bayesian framework. Acta Trop 2016; 162:212-217. [PMID: 27412377 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a public health problem in China. However, the prevalence and incidence of CE in Heilongjiang province is still poorly understood. Because there is no perfect gold standard, evaluation of ultrasound (US) and serological methods have been limited. This study evaluated the use of these two diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of CE in suspected cases. METHODS A total of 522 suspected hepatic CE patients, as well as their demographic and clinical features were collected and detected by immunoglobulin (IgG)-ELISA and US. The marginal posterior densities of sensitivity and specificity for both tests, and the prevalence of hepatic CE amongst participants, were estimated from the product of the likelihood function of observed and latent data by a Bayesian framework. RESULTS Most of the patients were from rural areas. The most common symptom was upper abdominal pain. The antibody-positive proportion determined by IgG-ELISA was 24.33% (127/522), significantly higher than with US examination (17.24%, 90/522). Bayesian analysis indicated that the estimated prevalence of CE amongst suspected cases was 17.70% (95% credible interval: 14.23-21.54%). The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test were 92.63% and 90.37%, and that of US were 93.05% and 98.44%, respectively. Among US-confirmed hepatic CE cases, the male to female ratio was 0.46 and the peak age group was 40-49 years. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrate that CE is present in Heilongjiang province. They also suggest that, whilst ultrasonography appears to be the detection modality of choice, serology may have a use for detection of infection in individuals suspected to be infected. This may have applications for surveillance within the province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Han
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, PR China; WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai University of Medical & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and health statistics, Public Health College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Jingshan Wen
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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Thamilselvan P, Muthuraman KR, Mandal J, Parija SC. Rising trends of neurocysticercosis: A serological report from tertiary-care hospital in South India. Trop Parasitol 2016; 6:141-146. [PMID: 27722103 PMCID: PMC5048701 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.190832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Taenia solium is a common two-host parasitic cestode, residing in both humans (definitive) and pigs (intermediate). Invasion of this parasitic cyst into central nervous system leads to a condition known as neurocysticercosis (NCC). The World Health Organization (WHO) considers NCC as one of the "most neglected" tropical zoonotic diseases. The disease is presented with pleomorphic clinical manifestations, of which epilepsy is the most common. Diagnosis of NCC is carried out by serological tests and imaging methods. Only a few studies from Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Pondicherry are available regarding the seropositive levels of NCC in South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive analysis was carried out on NCC suspected patients attending outpatient or inpatient department of different clinics majorly from neurology, medicine, pediatrics, ophthalmology, and skin at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, a tertiary care hospital in South India. A total of 391 patient samples (either serum or cerebrospinal fluid or urine) for 5 years from January 2011 to December 2015 were taken into the study. Serological investigations such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme-linked immunoelectro transfer blot were performed for assessing the seropositivity levels of NCC. RESULTS The overall seropositive cases of NCC in the study population were found to be 32.5% of which positive male cases (59.1%) exceeding females (40.9%). The frequency of adult positive cases (77.2%) was more than that of pediatrics cases (22.8%) with an average of 30.9 years of age. CONCLUSIONS NCC seropositive levels show an increasing trend with the study period. This necessitates a proper attention to the unnoticed spread of the parasitic disease, which affects the quality of life in the community. Quality screening and diagnostic strategy should be implied along with proper awareness for preventive measure practices have to be set up to reduce the impact of morbidity caused by NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piriyatharisini Thamilselvan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Krishna Raj Muthuraman
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jharna Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Subash Chandra Parija
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Amado-Diago C, Gutiérrez-Cuadra M, Armiñanzas C, Arnaíz de las Revillas F, Gómez-Fleitas M, Fariñas M. Echinococcosis: A 15-year epidemiological, clinical and outcome overview. Rev Clin Esp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sahu PS, Patro S, Jena PK, Swain SK, Das BK. Imaging and Serological-Evidence of Neurocysticercosis Among Patients with Seizures in Odisha, an Unexplored Eastern Coastal Province in India. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:DC06-10. [PMID: 26155476 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12609.5967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurocysticercosis being a potential to human transmitted disease, is the major cause of seizures and a public health problem in tropical countries. Though India is known to be highly endemic, there are many provinces where reports are still unavailable thereby underestimating its actual burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-Cysticercus IgG antibodies in sera from cases presenting with seizures were screened by ELISA in a preliminary study in Odisha state which is a province in Eastern coastal India that was never explored before. Patients presenting with recent onset of seizures within age group 5 to 50 years, either local residents of Odisha or inhabitants from other parts of the country living for at least one year period in the study area were included. RESULTS The present study showed 43.75% cases with seizures to be confirmed neurocysticercosis (NCC) based on serology and brain imaging. However, statistically no association was established between anti-Cysticercus antibody detection and radio imaging characteristics (location, number of lesions, and stage). CONCLUSION This is the first study in Odisha presenting a series of cases with serological evidence of exposure to the parasite along with imaging characteristics which was consistent with NCC. It is recommended that NCC must be considered for a differential diagnosis in each active epilepsy case irrespective of prior prevalence information in all unexplored provinces in India and other endemic regions; also a compulsory reporting is warranted in order to aid in quantifying its actual burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shubhransu Patro
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Payod Kumar Jena
- Consultant Neurologist, Department of Neurology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Swain
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, SCB Medical College and Hospital , Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Bidyut Kumar Das
- Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, SCB Medical College and Hospital , Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Amado-Diago CA, Gutiérrez-Cuadra M, Armiñanzas C, Arnaíz de Las Revillas F, Gómez-Fleitas M, Fariñas MC. Echinococcosis: A 15-year epidemiological, clinical and outcome overview. Rev Clin Esp 2015; 215:380-4. [PMID: 26119089 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and mortality of patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) in northern Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study of the medical records of patients diagnosed with CE and hospitalized from 1997 to 2011 in a University Hospital. RESULTS A total of 76 patients (44 men) were diagnosed with CE. The mean age was 57.8 years (SD: 19.1 years; range: 14.9-92.7). The yearly average incidence was 1.08 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The highest incidence was registered in patients aged 70-79 years (22.7% of all cases). Liver was the main organ involved (92.1%), followed by lung (6.6%) and peritoneum (1.3%). Fifty-five patients (72%) received treatment: 2 (3.6%) medical treatment with albendazole, 27 (49%) surgical treatment, 3 (5.4%) medical treatment combined with cyst drainage, and 23 (42%) combined medical and surgical treatment. Eight patients had a recurrence. Twenty-four (31.2%) patients died. No patient's death was attributed directly to hydatidosis, though mortality was significantly higher in the untreated vs. the treated patient group (57% vs. 22%, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Hydatidosis treatment and diagnostic approaches remain heterogeneous. The liver continues being the main organ affected. Mortality was higher in patients who did not receive treatment. However, this result might have been influenced by other factors, mainly age.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Amado-Diago
- Service of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, , Santander, Spain
| | - M Gutiérrez-Cuadra
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - C Armiñanzas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - F Arnaíz de Las Revillas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M Gómez-Fleitas
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M C Fariñas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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Çiçekli Ö, Akgül T. An unusual cause of mass localized on vastus lateralis muscle in childhood: Hydatid cyst. Int J Surg Case Rep 2014; 6C:179-81. [PMID: 25544487 PMCID: PMC4334633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal hydatid cyst is usually associated with involvement of other solid organs. Echinococcus can mimic a tumor as mass in the muscle. The muscle is considered an unfavorable site for hydatidosis. Hydatid cyst should be kept in mind when observing soft tissue mass of the extremities in patients from areas endemic of Echinococcus granulosus.
Introduction Musculoskeletal hydatid disease is a rare pathology and its diagnosis is often delayed because of slowly growing mass without inflammation. It is critical to suspicious clinical diagnosis in rural endemic areas and for preoperative diagnosis of this disease. Presentation of case We present a 9-year-old boy referred with mass located on the anterolateral part of distal thigh. Diagnosis was verified with MRI histopathologically for the presence of hydatid cyst located in vastus lateralis muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for further imaging. MRI showed an oval cystic mass approximately 77 × 20 × 18 mm in the left vastus lateralis muscle, containing round-shaped daughter cysts. Patients were treated with surgical excision and medical therapy. Clinical, radiological and serologic tests showed no recurrence after treatment. Discussion The muscle is considered an unfavorable site for hydatidosis because of its high lactic acid level that creates an unfavorable milieu for growth. The detachment of the germinative membrane from pericyst (water–lily sign) is considered to be pathognomonic and is reported in locations other than the liver and lung in magnetic resonance imaging. Surgery is the most effective way to treat hydatid cysts. Complete surgical resection and medical therapy are the preferred treatment for isolated echinococcosis. Conclusion Hydatid cyst in vastus lateralis is a very rare disease. Hydatid cyst should be kept in mind when observing soft tissue mass of the extremities in patients from areas endemic of Echinococcus granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Çiçekli
- Şanlıurfa Training Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Turkey.
| | - Turgut Akgül
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Turkey.
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Aparicio G, Bru S. Commentary. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2014; 5:S68-70. [PMID: 25540547 PMCID: PMC4271390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Aparicio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Carlos University Hospital, Complutense University, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain,Address for correspondence: Dr. Gustavo Aparicio, C/ Cobos de Segovia, 5 esc 1 5°A, Madrid 28005, Spain. E-mail:
| | - Silvia Bru
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Infanta Cristina Hospital, Parla, Madrid, Spain
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Hydatid Cyst of the Submandibular Gland. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Helminth parasites alter protection against Plasmodium infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:913696. [PMID: 25276830 PMCID: PMC4170705 DOI: 10.1155/2014/913696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
More than one-third of the world's population is infected with one or more helminthic parasites. Helminth infections are prevalent throughout tropical and subtropical regions where malaria pathogens are transmitted. Malaria is the most widespread and deadliest parasitic disease. The severity of the disease is strongly related to parasite density and the host's immune responses. Furthermore, coinfections between both parasites occur frequently. However, little is known regarding how concomitant infection with helminths and Plasmodium affects the host's immune response. Helminthic infections are frequently massive, chronic, and strong inductors of a Th2-type response. This implies that infection by such parasites could alter the host's susceptibility to subsequent infections by Plasmodium. There are a number of reports on the interactions between helminths and Plasmodium; in some, the burden of Plasmodium parasites increased, but others reported a reduction in the parasite. This review focuses on explaining many of these discrepancies regarding helminth-Plasmodium coinfections in terms of the effects that helminths have on the immune system. In particular, it focuses on helminth-induced immunosuppression and the effects of cytokines controlling polarization toward the Th1 or Th2 arms of the immune response.
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Sahu PS, Seepana J, Padela S, Sahu AK, Subbarayudu S, Barua A. Neurocysticercosis in children presenting with afebrile seizure: clinical profile, imaging and serodiagnosis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56:253-8. [PMID: 24879004 PMCID: PMC4085870 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the major causes of childhood seizures
in developing countries including India and Latin America. In this study neurological
pediatric cases presenting with afebrile seizures were screened for anti-Cysticercus
antibodies (IgG) in their sera in order to estimate the possible burden of
cysticercal etiology. The study included a total of 61 pediatric afebrile seizure
subjects (aged one to 15 years old); there was a male predominance. All the sera were
tested using a pre-evaluated commercially procured IgG-ELISA kit (UB-Magiwell
Cysticercosis Kit ™). Anti-Cysticercus antibody in serum was positive in 23 of 61 (37.7%)
cases. The majority of cases with a positive ELISA test presented with generalized
seizure (52.17%), followed by complex partial seizure (26.08%), and simple partial
seizure (21.73%). Headaches were the major complaint (73.91%). Other presentations
were vomiting (47.82%), pallor (34.78%), altered sensorium (26.08%), and muscle
weakness (13.04%). There was one hemiparesis case diagnosed to be NCC. In this study
one child without any significant findings on imaging was also found to be positive
by serology. There was a statistically significant association found between the
cases with multiple lesions on the brain and the ELISA-positivity (p
= 0.017). Overall positivity of the ELISA showed a potential cysticercal etiology.
Hence, neurocysticercosis should be suspected in every child presenting with afebrile
seizure especially with a radio-imaging supportive diagnosis in tropical developing
countries or areas endemic for taeniasis/cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyotsna Seepana
- Department of Microbiology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh-534005, India
| | - Sudarsini Padela
- Department of Paediatrics, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh-534005, India
| | - Abani Kanta Sahu
- Department of Paediatrics, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh-534005, India
| | - Swarna Subbarayudu
- Department of Microbiology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh-534005, India
| | - Ankur Barua
- Division of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Küçük Z, Karcaaltincaba D, Ergün Y, Doğan AÇ, Çaydere M, Küçük H. Isolated hydatid cyst of uterine cervix: A case report. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 40:1157-60. [PMID: 24612336 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydatid disease is an endemic infection which can affect any organ, mainly the liver and lungs. Peritoneal echinococcosis is usually known to occur secondary to hepatic hydatid cyst rupture into the peritoneal cavity. An isolated cyst in the pelvic cavity is considered as primary only when there are no other hydatid cysts. Herein, we report an isolated pelvic-cervical hydatid cyst which presented without any involvement of the other abdominal organs or lungs. Our patient, a 27-year-old woman with the primary complaints of dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain, had thin-walled large cystic mass originating from the cervix, diagnosed by ultrasonography. She underwent surgery with the most likely initial diagnosis of exophytic fibroid with cystic degeneration. Gynecologists should be aware of the possibility of isolated primary hydatid cyst of the pelvic cavity and should consider this condition in the differential diagnosis of cystic pelvic masses, especially in areas where the disease is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahide Küçük
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Chaya D, Parija SC. Evaluation of a newly designed sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of hydatid antigen in serum, urine and cyst fluid for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. Trop Parasitol 2014; 3:125-31. [PMID: 24470996 PMCID: PMC3889089 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease of humans with variable clinical manifestations. Imaging and immunological methods are currently the mainstay of diagnosis of this disease. Although the immunological tests for detection of anti-echinococcal antibodies have several disadvantages, they are widely being used. Antigen is far more superior than antibody detection test as they can provide a specific parasitic diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was designed using antibodies to 24 kDa urinary hydatid antigen for the detection of hydatid antigens in urine, serum and cyst fluid specimens. The performance of this novel test was compared with that of other hydatid antibody detection ELISA and enzyme immune transfer blot (EITB) using radiological and surgical confirmation as the gold standard. Results: The antigen detection ELISA showed 100% sensitivity and specificity when tested with cyst fluid. On testing urine and serum, the antigen detection ELISA was found to be more specific than antibody detection ELISA. EITB was found to be the most sensitive and specific test. Conclusions: ELISA using polyclonal antibodies against 24 kDa urinary hydatid protein was moderately sensitive to detect hydatid antigen in serum and urine. Hence polyclonal antibodies to 24 kDa urinary hydatid antigen can be used as an alternative source of antibody to detect hydatid antigen in serum, urine and cyst fluid. In the present study, EITB was found to be highly specific test for detection of hydatid antibodiesin serum. 24 kDa protein was found to be specific and of diagnostic value in CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dr Chaya
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Parija
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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