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Lees EA, Ives A, Fowler D, Lakhoo K, Grant D, Kelly D, Paulus S, Segal S, Gilchrist JJ, Kew A, Chiodini P, Kadambari S. Pulmonary Cystic Echinococcosis in a Child Presenting in the United Kingdom with Fever and Chest Pain: A Brief Report and Discussion on Management. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:e343-e345. [PMID: 37200507 PMCID: PMC10417314 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus . Pulmonary disease may be asymptomatic until the cyst ruptures or becomes secondarily infected. We report a case of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis presenting in the United Kingdom, with discussion on management: optimum antihelminthic agent, length of treatment and type of operative intervention. Treatment should be individualized to the clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Lees
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Fitzwilliam College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Ives
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Fowler
- Department of Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kokila Lakhoo
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Grant
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Kelly
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Vaccine Group and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Paulus
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley Segal
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James J. Gilchrist
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Kew
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Chiodini
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seilesh Kadambari
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Zhu A, Tan C, Meredith G, Chard R. Minimally invasive surgical resection of a large primary pulmonary hydatid cyst: a thoracoscopic approach. J Surg Case Rep 2023; 2023:rjad090. [PMID: 36896158 PMCID: PMC9991583 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hydatid disease is a rare parasitic disease in Australia with few reported cases. The mainstay of treatment in pulmonary hydatid disease is surgical resection followed by medical treatment with benzimidazoles to reduce the risk of recurrence. We present a case of successful resection of a large primary pulmonary hydatid cyst via minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery approach in a 65-year-old gentleman with incidental hepatopulmonary hydatid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Zhu
- Correspondence address. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Cnr Hawkesbury and Darcy Rds, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Tel: +61 425 786 419; Fax: +61 2 8890 8317;
| | - Charis Tan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Graham Meredith
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Richard Chard
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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Zahoor H, Sari E, Patel J, Guzman N. An Isolated Splenic Hydatid Cyst. Cureus 2023; 15:e36571. [PMID: 37095821 PMCID: PMC10122192 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An isolated hydatid cyst of the spleen is a rare presentation of echinococcal diseases, especially in non-endemic areas where it may end up with unnecessary work-up and misdiagnosis. Here, we present the case of a 28-year-old female presenting with generalized abdominal pain, constipation, and early satiety who had a delayed diagnosis of isolated splenic hydatid cyst which was partially treated with albendazole, eventually requiring splenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hovra Zahoor
- Internal Medicine, HCA Florida Orange Park Hospital, Orange Park, USA
| | - Esra Sari
- Internal Medicine, HCA Florida Orange Park Hospital, Orange Park, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Internal Medicine, HCA Florida Orange Park Hospital, Orange Park, USA
| | - Nilmarie Guzman
- Internal Medicine, HCA Florida Orange Park Hospital, Orange Park, USA
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Namvar M, Sedaghat P, Iranmehr A. Transverse sinus obstruction caused by extradural supra-infratentorial hydatid cyst: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7003. [PMID: 36852117 PMCID: PMC9958249 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 1-3% of cases of hydatid disease involve the central nervous system (CNS). This study aims to report an extremely rare case of supra-infratentorially located epidural hydatid cyst with transverse venous sinus obstruction which presented with chronic cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Namvar
- Neurosurgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pedram Sedaghat
- Neurosurgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arad Iranmehr
- Neurosurgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Neurosurgery Department, Sina HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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West D, Pointing S, Randhawa HS, Mastin A, Rogan MT. Current status of cystic echinococcosis control in the Falkland Islands: has elimination been achieved? Parasitology 2023;:1-10. [PMID: 36760183 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182023000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to control cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus in the Falkland Islands have been ongoing for over 50 years. No human cases have been recorded since the 1980s but there is a need to establish if the parasite has been completely eliminated from domestic animals. A study was carried out in 2018/2019 to identify dogs infected with E. granulosus using copro-antigen and copro-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In addition, annual slaughter data were analysed to establish infection levels of E. granulosus and 2 other taeniid parasites. Results showed that 4 out of 589 dogs (0.7%) tested positive by copro-antigen analysis. Results from similar surveys carried out in 2010, 2012 and 2014 showed 17 (3%), 0 and 6 (1%) copro-antigen-positive dogs, respectively, with 8 dogs being confirmed by PCR in 2010. Annual abattoir data showed that from 2006 to 2020, 36 sheep were identified with E. granulosus (mean 0.0055%), 14 186 sheep with Taenia hydatigena (mean 2.2%) and 465 with Taenia ovis (mean 0.072%). Prevalences of T. hydatigena and T. ovis showed spontaneous rises in certain years where the infections could also be detected in lambs indicating that viable taeniid eggs were present. Observations of farm management procedures indicated that there were occasions when dogs could get access to infective taeniid material. In conclusion, E. granulosus is still present in sheep and dogs but at low prevalences. The increasing presence of T. hydatigena however, indicates that control measures are defective in some areas and there is potential for a re-emergence of CE.
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Li J, Deng S, Jiang L. A case of echinococcosis in Hunan Province. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 47:823-828. [PMID: 35837784 PMCID: PMC10930017 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is mainly prevalent in the agricultural and pastoral areas in the northwest of China, but it is relatively rare in Hunan Province. Here, we reported the clinical data of a case of echinococcosis in Hunan Province. The patient was an 11-year-old male, who sought treatment at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University due to abdominal mass. According to the symptoms, signs, and laboratory examinations, he was initially diagnosed as "intra-abdominal mass" and "spleen cyst". Subsequently, he underwent abdominal massive occupying resection and splenectomy. Postoperative pathological examination revealed the cuticle and germinal layer of hydatid and protoscolex, which was consistent with characteristics of echinococcosis. In addition, the serological examination showed that the specific anti-hydatid IgG antibody was positive. Combined with the patient's condition, he was given praziquantel treatment. After a month of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
| | - Shuangya Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
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Faraj W, Abi Faraj C, Kanso M, Nassar H, Hoteit L, Farsakoury R, Zaghal A, Yaghi M, Jaafar RF, Khalife M. Hydatid Disease of the Liver in the Middle East: A Single Center Experience. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2021; 23:29-34. [PMID: 34559001 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2021.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human cystic echinococcosis (CE), most commonly caused by echinococcosis granulosis, is the most common presentation of hydatid disease of the liver and is considered endemic in the Middle East region. Patients and Methods: This study is a retrospective single-center analysis of all patients with hepatic hydatid disease presenting for surgical management from 2001 to 2019. Results: From 2001 to 2019, 100 patients (54 males, 46 females) were diagnosed with hydatid disease of the liver with a mean age of 45 years (range, 19-82). The most common presenting symptom was right upper quadrant abdominal pain followed by incidental finding of cyst on imaging. Thirteen patients (13%) presented with signs and symptoms of obstructive jaundice. Of the 100 patients, 39 underwent laparoscopic surgery and 61 underwent open surgery. The most common complications were as follows: 16 bile leaks (16%), 14 intra-abdominal fluid collections (14%), 8 wound infections (8%), and 3 patients had biliary strictures (3%). Of the 100, 8 patients(8%) had recurrence of their hepatic hydatid disease. Conclusions: Hydatid disease of the liver is not a common disease, and its management can include medical, surgical, and interventional radiology. The decision depends on the size and complexity of the cyst and its location. Bile leak is a common complication and should be managed conservatively or through intervention by radiology or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Faraj
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christina Abi Faraj
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Kanso
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Nassar
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara Hoteit
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Farsakoury
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Zaghal
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marita Yaghi
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola F Jaafar
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Khalife
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon
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Tandur R, Irodi A, Chacko BR, Vimala LR, Christopher DJ, Gnanamuthu BR. Magnetic resonance imaging as an adjunct to computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary Hydatid cysts. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 28:342-349. [PMID: 30319213 PMCID: PMC6176659 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.ijri_121_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although pulmonary hydatid cysts can be diagnosed on computed tomography (CT), sometimes findings can be atypical. Other hypodense infective or neoplastic lesions may mimic hydatid cysts. We proposed that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may act as a problem-solving tool, aiding the definite diagnosis of hydatid cysts and differentiating it from its mimics. The aim of this study is to assess the findings of pulmonary hydatid cysts on CT and MRI and the additional contribution of MRI in doubtful cases. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 90 patients with suspected hydatid cysts. CT and MRI findings were noted and role of MRI in diagnosing hydatid cysts and its mimics was studied. Descriptive statistics for CT findings and sensitivity and specificity of MRI were calculated using surgery or histopathology as gold standard. Results: Of the 90 patients with suspected pulmonary hydatid cysts, there were 52 true-positive and 7 false-positive cases on CT. Commonest CT finding was unilocular thick-walled cyst. In the 26 patients who had additional MRI, based on T2-weighted hypointense rim or folded membranes, accurate preoperative differentiation of 14 patients with hydatid cysts from 10 patients with alternate diagnosis was possible. There was one false-positive and one false-negative case on MRI. Conclusion: Although hydatid cyst can be diagnosed on CT on most occasions, sometimes there are challenges with certain mimics and atypical appearances. T2-weighted MRI can act as a problem solving tool to conclusively diagnose hydatid cyst or suggest an alternate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Tandur
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aparna Irodi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binita Riya Chacko
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Birla Roy Gnanamuthu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Anvari D, Pourmalek N, Rezaei S, Fotovati A, Hosseini SA, Daryani A, Spotin A, Sarvi S, Hosseini M, Narouei MR, Kalkali M, Pendar F, Gholami S. The global status and genetic characterization of hydatidosis in camels ( Camelus dromedarius): a systematic literature review with meta-analysis based on published papers. Parasitology 2021; 148:259-273. [PMID: 32940199 PMCID: PMC11010127 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydatidosis is a potential zoonotic helminthic disease affecting a broad spectrum of mammals, including humans, worldwide. The current review was conducted to investigate the genotypic status and prevalence of hydatid disease in camels across the world. For the purpose of the study, the articles addressing the worldwide prevalence of hydatidosis in camels were searched in several English language databases. The search process resulted in the inclusion of 122 papers. Based on the data presented in the reviewed articles, the pooled prevalence of hydatid disease in camels across the world was measured at 23.75% (95% CI 20.15-27.55). Moreover, the subgroup analysis demonstrated significant differences in the overall prevalence of hydatidosis among camels based on year, geographic area, climate parameters, camel population, gender, infected organ, fertility rate of the cyst and laboratory diagnostic technique. Furthermore, the Echinococcus granulosus genotypes identified in camels with hydatidosis included G1, G2, G3, G1-G3, G5, G6, G7, G6-G7 and G6-G10, with G6 being the most common genotype throughout the world. The data obtained from the current study are central to the better conceptualization of the biological and epidemiological characteristics of E. granulosus s.l. genotypes around the world, which can be helpful in the planning and adoption of more comprehensive control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Anvari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Nima Pourmalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Fotovati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mona Hosseini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Kalkali
- Student Research Committee, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Faezeh Pendar
- Student Research Committee, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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De NV, Minh PN, Duyet LV, Bich NN, Son TN, Jung BK, Chai JY. Two Human Cases of Echinococcus ortleppi Infection in the Lung and Heart in Vietnam. Korean J Parasitol 2020; 58:451-456. [PMID: 32871639 PMCID: PMC7462803 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This is a report of 2 cases of human hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus ortleppi in Vietnam. The patients were a 12-year-old male (case 1) having a cyst of 10.0×9.0 cm size in the lung and a 50-year-old female with a 3.0×3.3 cm-sized cyst in the heart. Eosinophilia was 33.7% in the male and 45.8% in the female patient. C-reactive protein was increased to 16.5 mg/L in the male and 18.2 mg/L in the female. Both patients were positive for ELISA at OD=2.5 and 3.1, respectively. Echinococcus protoscolices were collected from the cysts by amniocentesis and surgery. The protoscolices were identified as E. ortleppi by morphology and analysis of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (nad1) gene sequence. Both patients were cured by surgical resection of the hydatid cyst combined with albendazole medication. The E. ortleppi infection in lung is the second report, and the other in the heart is the first in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van De
- Department of Parasitology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Ngoc Minh
- Department of Parasitology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Duyet
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Bich
- Department of Parasitology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649 Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649 Korea.,Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Yagnik VD, Dawka S, Patel N. Gallbladder Hydatid Cyst: A Review on Clinical Features, Investigations and Current Management. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:87-97. [PMID: 32308464 PMCID: PMC7135162 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s243344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gallbladder hydatid cyst (GBHC) is highly uncommon with an incidence of 0.3–0.4% of all atypically located hydatid cysts. Our personal experience of one case of primary GBHC (PGBHC) managed laparoscopically motivated this systematic review. This study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics, types [whether primary GBHC (PGBHC) or secondary GBHC (SGBHC)], clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, imaging studies, operative procedure, hospital stay, follow-up and recurrence. Methods A systematic review was performed using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Results Twenty studies, including 22 cases plus one more case managed by us, were included in the review. For PGBHC, the mean age was 48.61 years while for SGBHC it was 47.9 years. PGBHC was more common in females (69.23%) while SGBHC was more common in males (55.55%). Overall, GBHC was more common in females (56.52%). The most common presentation overall was abdominal pain (100%) followed by nausea/vomiting (43.47%). The other common symptoms were nausea/vomiting (61.53%) and Murphy’s sign (38.46%) in PGBHC, but jaundice (50%) and fever (30%) in SGBHC. In PGBHC, 50% patients had normal liver function while this was deranged in 66.66% patients with SGBHC. Serology was positive in 50% of PGBHC and 100% in SGBHC. Ultrasonography was positive in 50%, while CT-scan showed 70%. CT-scan was better at detection of SGBHC (100%). The most common operation was open cholecystectomy (78.26%) either isolated or combined. Isolated open cholecystectomy was commonly done in PGBHC (69.23%). Overall, only 56.52% of patients received albendazole, but no recurrence was reported. The average hospital stay was 7.25 days and follow-up ranged from 1 month to 10 years. Conclusion GBHC mostly affects females with abdominal pain being the most common symptom. Ultrasonography is expedient though CT-scan is more sensitive. Albendazole monotherapy has questionable value. Open cholecystectomy is the most common operation. However, laparoscopy is safe in experienced hands. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/ScO76Q8nEOY
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul D Yagnik
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Nishtha Surgical Hospital and Research Centre, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Sushil Dawka
- Department of Surgery, SSR Medical College, Belle Rive, Mauritius
| | - Nitin Patel
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Gujarat Superspeciality Hospital, Baroda, Gujarat, India
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12
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Gou L, Gao F, Tiheiran M, Guo H. Evaluation of the Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological Findings and Treatment of 19 Cases of Pancreatic Echinococcosis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa118. [PMID: 32405510 PMCID: PMC7207145 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydatid disease is a severe health problem in endemic areas. In recent years, the incidence of this disease in China has been increasing. As the imaging characteristics of pancreatic echinococcosis (PE) are similar to those of cystic diseases, such as cysts, tuberculosis, and tumors, PE is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. Methods The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiological findings, and treatment of 19 patients with PE between January 2006 and December 2018 in 2 hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Results The mean age of the patients was 38 years, and the ratio of women to men was 2. All patients came from rural areas. Clinical manifestations included cholestatic jaundice, mass, nausea, pain, and swelling. Hemagglutination inhibition test results were positive for all patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test results were positive in 17 cases (89.5%). Foci in the pancreas were head in 52.6%, body in 26.3%, body and tail in 15.8%, tail in 5.3%. The size of lesions’ diameter ranged from 1 to 12 cm (mean, 6.5 cm). The imaging features of PE included the presence of (a) daughter cysts on abdominal computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (b) internal cyst wall dissection and ribbon sign on abdominal CT and/or MRI; (c) typical eggshell cyst wall calcification on abdominal CT. Conclusions For patients with cystic lesions on CT and/or MRI combined with epidemiological history and positive echinococcosis serology, doctors can correctly diagnose PE earlier. Surgical treatment combined with drugs can reduce the mortality of PE, leading to a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gou
- Digestive Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Digestive Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Maijudan Tiheiran
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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Ramos-Sarmiento D, Chiluisa-Utreras V. First molecular identification of hydatid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato G6/G7 in Ecuador. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e100. [PMID: 31679536 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X19000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic illness that can cause significant disabilities, and even death for sick people. The disease is caused by the larval stage of cestodes belonging to the Echinococcus genus. In this study, multiple hydatid cysts were excised from an infected porcine liver. The identification of the parasitic species was made by the morphometric assessment of rostellar hooks and molecular detection of ribosomal DNA extant in protoscoleces of the hydatid sand. Rostellar hooks presented an average length of 27.4 µm by optical microscopy. Parasite DNA were detected in samples of hydatid sediment and positive controls by polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, Echinococcus granulosus was recognized in samples of porcine hydatid cysts by microscopic observation, and the E. granulosus sensu lato strain E. canadensis G6/G7 was identified by molecular assay.
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Sodhi KS, Bhatia A, Samujh R, Mathew JL, Lee EY. Prospective Comparison of MRI and Contrast-Enhanced MDCT for Evaluation of Pediatric Pulmonary Hydatid Disease: Added Diagnostic Value of MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 212:982-7. [PMID: 30779656 DOI: 10.2214/AJR.18.20928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to prospectively investigate the diagnostic accuracy and added value of fast MRI for evaluating pulmonary hydatid disease in children by comparing fast MRI findings with MDCT findings. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Twenty-eight consecutive children (24 boys and four girls; mean age ± SD, 8.93 ± 3.1 years; range, 5-17 years) with clinically suspected pulmonary hydatid disease were enrolled in this prospective research study for the period from October 2012 to July 2018. Fast MRI without contrast material and contrast-enhanced MDCT of the chest were performed within 48 hours of each other in all children. Two pediatric radiologists independently evaluated the lungs for the presence of consolidation, nodule, and mass (solid vs cyst). Cysts were further evaluated for the presence of fluid, air, and an internal membrane. The accuracies of fast MRI and MDCT for detecting pulmonary hydatid disease were obtained and compared. Interobserver agreement was measured with the kappa coefficient. RESULTS. The accuracy of fast MRI and MDCT for detecting pulmonary hydatid cyst was 92.86%. There was no difference between fast MRI and MDCT for accurately detecting pulmonary hydatid cyst (p < 0.001). Internal membranes were detected in 11 of 28 patients (39.28%) with fast MRI and three of 28 patients (10.71%) with MDCT. Almost perfect interobserver agreement was present between the two independent reviewers (κ = 1). CONCLUSION. Fast MRI without contrast material is comparable to contrast-enhanced MDCT for accurately detecting lung cysts in pediatric patients with pulmonary hydatid disease. However, fast MRI provides added diagnostic value by showing internal membranes of cysts, which is specific to pulmonary hydatid disease.
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Kristianova H, Kolarova L, Krska Z, Chrz K, Dytrych P. Surgical treatment of alveolar echinococcosis: a single centre experience and systematic review of the literature. Rozhl Chir 2019; 98:167-173. [PMID: 31159550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. AE is primarily localised in the liver. Echinococcus multilocularis imitates tumour-like behaviour. It can metastasise through blood or lymphatic system to distant organs. Echinococcosis often remains asymptomatic due to its long incubation period and indistinct symptoms. Clinical symptoms are determined by the parasites location. Diagnosis of echinococcosis is based on medical history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, serology results, imaging methods and final histology findings. Surgical removal of the cyst with a safety margin, followed by chemotherapy is the therapeutic method of choice. CASE REPORT We present a case report of alveolar echinococcosis in a thirty-year-old female patient in whom we surgically removed multiple liver foci of alveolar echinococcosis. The disease recurred after two years and required another surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS Alveolar echinococcosis is a disease with a high potential for a complete cure provided that it is diagnosed early and that the recommended therapeutic procedures are strictly adhered to.
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Cai X, Gan Q, Chang WX, An J, Sun J, Liang W, Wang J. [Nasal endoscopic treatment in one case of infratemporal fossa hydatid invaded the orbit and skullbase]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32:306-307. [PMID: 29798513 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PATIENT male, 43 years old, Tibetan, married. Chief complaint: visual impairment of the left eye for one month. No significant abnormalities observed in nasal endoscopy. Sinus CT: the 47 mm×44 mm cystic low density shadows can be seen in the left infratemporal fossa, which is separated inside, and parts of the lesions have invaded into the orbit and skull base. DIAGNOSIS the left infratemporal fossa hydatid invaded the orbit and skull base. Under the guidance of general anesthesia navigation, the patient underwent sinusotomy on the left infratemporal fossa and the left eyesight recovered after operation. CT examination showed that the left temporal lobe tumor has been cleared.
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Cai X, Gan Q, Chang WX, Sun J, Wang F, Liang W. [One case of the infratemporal fossa hydatid invading maxillary sinus]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32:1592-1593. [PMID: 30400715 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.20.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Summary Male, 43 years old, Tibetan. Main reason: left eyesight impaired for one month. Nasal sinus CT: the 47 mm×44 mm cystic low density shadows can be seen in the left infratemporal fossa, the maxillary sinus cavity reduced under the pressurebase. The patient had the internal and external nasal endoscopic sinus resection of the left fossa.The patient's left eye sight recovered after the operation.Two weeks after the operation, the sinus was re-examined for CT, showing that the left inferior fossa was removed, but there was no significant difference in the maxillary sinus structure. Sixteen months after the operation, the CT showed that the left maxillary sinus is back to normal after absorbing the bone tissue.
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Randev S, Gupta VK, Kumar P, Mahajan V, Angurana SK, Guglani V. Brain Hydatid in a Child. J Pediatr 2018; 199:280. [PMID: 29699795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Randev
- Department of Pediatrics; Government Medical College and Hospital
| | - Vipin K Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery; Government Medical College and Hospital
| | | | - Vidushi Mahajan
- Department of Pediatrics; Government Medical College and Hospital
| | | | - Vishal Guglani
- Department of Pediatrics; Government Medical College and Hospital; Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The neglected disease cystic echinococcosis is caused by larval Echinococcus granulosus flatworms, which form bladder-like hydatid cysts in liver, lungs, and other organs. SOURCES OF DATA Published literature. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Establishing larvae are susceptible to antibody-dependent killing, as attested by successful animal vaccination, whereas once established they are partially protected by the so-called laminated layer. Host responses are Th2 dominated, with a Th1 component. Diagnostic antigens from cyst fluid are known, but responses appear absent in one-fifth of patients. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Is evasion mainly based on induction of Th2 or regulatory responses by the parasite? GROWING POINTS The parasite induces regulatory responses. The laminated layer has immune-regulatory properties. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Develop tools for functional genomics; characterize immunologically interesting proteins suggested by genomic information; analyse infection in broader context of granulomatous responses; identify molecules secreted/excreted by intact larvae/cysts towards their outside, including diffusible immune-regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Díaz
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Prabhakar N, Kalra N, Behera A, Das A, Lal A, Dhiman RK, Khandelwal N. Large Heterogeneous Calcified Masses in Liver: A Diagnostic Dilemma. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2017; 7:385-386. [PMID: 29234206 PMCID: PMC5719463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Prabhakar
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Kalra
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Naveen Kalra, Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. Tel.: +91 7087009388.Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh160012India
| | - Arunanshu Behera
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam Lal
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radha Krishan Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niranjan Khandelwal
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Akkapulu N, Aytac HO, Arer IM, Kus M, Yabanoglu H. Incidence and risk factors of biliary fistulation from a hepatic hydatid cyst in clinically asymptomatic patients. Trop Doct 2017; 48:20-24. [PMID: 28662605 DOI: 10.1177/0049475517717177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biliary fistulation from a hepatic hydatid cyst is its most frequent complication. If unrecognised, this may cause difficulties during and after surgical intervention. Our study looked into its incidence and also the possible risk factors in a retrospective investigation of 60 patients (34 women) who had undergone surgery or percutaneous treatment. Demographics and anatomical characteristics, such as cyst type, location, number, diameter and laboratory findings were examined. A full 50% had biliary fistulation, with increased risk if the cyst diameter was ≥8.8 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezih Akkapulu
- 1 MD, FACS, Department of General Surgery, Adana Research and Teaching Centre, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - H Ozgur Aytac
- 2 MD, Department of General Surgery, Adana Research and Teaching Centre, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ilker M Arer
- 2 MD, Department of General Surgery, Adana Research and Teaching Centre, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Murat Kus
- 2 MD, Department of General Surgery, Adana Research and Teaching Centre, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yabanoglu
- 2 MD, Department of General Surgery, Adana Research and Teaching Centre, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
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Abstract
In 2013, two cases of infection by Echinococcus that caused cystic echinococcosis in the lungs were reported. In the first case, there was a cyst of 6 × 7 cm in diameter, and in the second case, there were four cysts of 5 × 6 cm, 4 × 4 cm, 3.5 × 3 cm and 2.5 × 2 cm in diameter, respectively. In both cases, Echinococcus larvae were collected from the cysts. The larvae were identified as Echinococcus ortleppi by morphology and a molecular method (using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase [NADH] with 99%-100% homology compared with E. ortleppi in GenBank). This is the first time that this species has been found in humans in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van De
- Department of Parasitology, Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam,
| | - Duyet Le Van
- Clinical Laboratories, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Prakash G, Goel A, Sankhwar S. Primary emphysematous adrenal hydatid: Unusual site for presentation with rare pathology. Indian J Urol 2016; 32:249-50. [PMID: 27555689 PMCID: PMC4970402 DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.185101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatid disease of the adrenal gland is uncommon. We present images and description a case of emphysematous hydatid cyst of the adrenal gland that had an unfavourable intraoperative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Apul Goel
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyanarayan Sankhwar
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Arora VK, Chopra N, Singh P, Venugopal VK, Narang S. Hydatid cyst of parotid: Report of unusual cytological findings extending the cytomorphological spectrum. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 44:770-3. [PMID: 27324277 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydatid disease is a zoonotic infestation caused by larval cestode of genus Echinococcus. Cystic form of this infection mostly involves liver and lung. Hydatid disease of the parotid gland is very rare even in endemic areas and is often clinically mistaken for parotid tumors or cysts. The presence of protoscolices, laminated membranes, and isolated hooklets are characteristic cytological features observed on fine-needle aspirate from hydatid cysts. We report unusual cytological features from a hydatid cyst of parotid in a 13-year-old girl. She presented with a slowly enlarging hard mass in left parotid. Fine-needle aspiration yielded slightly turbid fluid. Smears from the sediment revealed naked parasitic micronuclei, fragments of germinative layer (endocyst), and abortive brood capsules (buds from endocyst) seen as spherical structures with multiple parasitic nuclei. Some of these spherical structures were degenerated with recognizable nuclei and others were completely necrotic. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:770-773. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Chopra
- Department of Pathology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Poorva Singh
- Department of Pathology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | | | - Salil Narang
- Department of Pathology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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Sahoo MR, Kumar S, Panda S, Shameel PA. Laparoscopic management of hydatid cyst in the lesser sac. J Minim Access Surg 2016; 12:173-5. [PMID: 27073313 PMCID: PMC4810954 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9941.169980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatid cyst is a disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Various anatomical location of hydatid cyst has been described in literature. Liver is the most common site of hydatid cyst and lungs are the second most common site. Hydatid cyst of lesser sac is a rare entity. Here we present a rare case report of laparoscopic management of hydatid cyst in lesser sac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of General Surgery, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Panda
- Department of General Surgery, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - P Ahammed Shameel
- Department of General Surgery, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Boufettal H, Samouh N. [Primitive mammary hydatid cyst]. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 20:385. [PMID: 26185575 PMCID: PMC4499273 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.385.6318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
La localisation mammaire du kyste hydatique est exceptionnelle. De ce fait, le diagnostic est difficile avant l'examen anatomopathologique. Nous rapportons une observation d'un cas de kyste hydatique du sein chez une femme de 32 ans, qui consultait pour un nodule du sein, dont l'imagerie montrait une lésion en rétro-aréolaire du sein gauche, homogène, ovalaire et de contours réguliers. L'examen anatomopathologique objectivait un kyste hydatique à localisation mammaire. Les suites opératoires étaient simples. L'hydatidose est une maladie ubiquitaire, pouvant atteindre tous les organes. Le diagnostic peut être évoqué devant une masse kystique du sein avec des aspects très évocateurs à l'imagerie. La confirmation du diagnostic n'est confirmée qu'après une cytoponction ou une chirurgie d'exérèse qui réalise le traitement de cette pathologique. La négativité du bilan d'extension hydatique permet de retenir une localisation primitive de l’échinococcose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssine Boufettal
- Service de Gynécologie -Obstetrique, Hopital Ibn Rochd, Université Hassan 2, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Naïma Samouh
- Service de Gynécologie -Obstetrique, Hopital Ibn Rochd, Université Hassan 2, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Casablanca, Maroc
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Thomas RW, Ellis-Owen R, Winson D. Secondary peritoneal hydatidosis, the challenges of echinococcal disease in South Sudan: a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 20:15. [PMID: 25995812 PMCID: PMC4431407 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.15.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 28 year old male presented to the Juba Teaching Hospital with progressive shortness of breath. 18 months prior to admission, he presented to a rural hospital with severe abdominal pain. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and a large hepatic cyst was removed. Examination at the Juba Teaching hospital revealed a grossly distended abdomen with multiple palpable masses per abdomen. An Abdominal Ultrasound revealed multiple loculated cysts throughout the abdomen. A diagnosis of Secondary Peritoneal Hydatidosis resulting from incorrectly performed surgery was made. The patient was conservatively treated and at 14 weeks, the cysts showed a moderate reduction in size. Cystic Echinococcus(CE) is common in South Sudan and has a considerable disease burden throughout the developing world. Greater governmental and international support is required to develop effective control measures for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rwth Ellis-Owen
- Consultant Radiologist, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Winson
- Core Surgical Trainee, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Janah
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Hicham Souhi
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a significant public health problem worldwide. However, there remains a dearth of evidence guiding treatment in various stages of CE. The 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO IWGE) guidance is thus based on expert consensus rather than a good evidence base. This study aims to describe the way clinicians worldwide manage CE and to establish whether clinicians follow WHO IWGE guidance. METHODS Using the online surveying tool SurveyMonkey, a questionnaire was produced detailing 5 clinical cases. Clinicians treating CE were identified and asked how to manage each case through tick-box and short-answer questions. RESULTS The results showed great variation in practice worldwide. There are practices in common use that are known to be ineffectual, including puncture, aspiration, injection, reaspiration procedures on WHO type 2 cysts, or outdated, including interrupted, rather than continuous, courses of albendazole. A number of unsafe practices were identified such as using scolicidal agents in cysts communicating with the biliary tree and short-course medical therapy for disseminated disease. Most clinicians do not follow the WHO IWGE guidance, but the reasons for this are unclear. CONCLUSIONS Management of CE varies greatly worldwide. There are key areas of CE for which there is no evidence on which to base guidelines, and randomized controlled trials are needed together with a well-designed international registry to collect data. Further work is required to establish why clinicians do not follow the IWGE guidance, together with better dissemination of future guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahir Amin
- Department of Imaging, University College London Hospitals
| | - Peter L Chiodini
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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Bahadur S, Pujani M, Jetley S, Hassan MJ, Khetrapal S, Husain M. Coexistent axillary hydatid disease and tuberculosis: Case report of an extremely rare occurrence. J Cytol 2014; 31:32-5. [PMID: 25190981 PMCID: PMC4150339 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.130681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous infection is highly prevalent in India, however, hydatid disease is relatively uncommon. Frequent sites of predilection of hydatid disease are the liver and lungs. Other unusual sites of infliction are the peritoneum, thyroid, breast, pancreas, and mediastinum. Hydatid disease in the axilla is quite uncommon. We hereby report a case of coexistent axillary hydatid disease with tuberculous lymphadenitis. To the best of our knowledge, even after extensive search of the literature we did not come across any such case. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a cost-effective procedure performed on an outpatient basis and helped clinch a prompt diagnosis, with minimum discomfort or complications. The role of FNAC in early diagnosis cannot be overemphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Bahadur
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukta Pujani
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Jetley
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Jaseem Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaan Khetrapal
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Musharraf Husain
- Department of Surgery, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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31
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Küçük Z, Karcaaltincaba D, Ergün Y, Doğan AÇ, Çaydere M, Küçük H. Isolated hydatid cyst of uterine cervix: A case report. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 40:1157-60. [PMID: 24612336 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydatid disease is an endemic infection which can affect any organ, mainly the liver and lungs. Peritoneal echinococcosis is usually known to occur secondary to hepatic hydatid cyst rupture into the peritoneal cavity. An isolated cyst in the pelvic cavity is considered as primary only when there are no other hydatid cysts. Herein, we report an isolated pelvic-cervical hydatid cyst which presented without any involvement of the other abdominal organs or lungs. Our patient, a 27-year-old woman with the primary complaints of dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain, had thin-walled large cystic mass originating from the cervix, diagnosed by ultrasonography. She underwent surgery with the most likely initial diagnosis of exophytic fibroid with cystic degeneration. Gynecologists should be aware of the possibility of isolated primary hydatid cyst of the pelvic cavity and should consider this condition in the differential diagnosis of cystic pelvic masses, especially in areas where the disease is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahide Küçük
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Spinal hydatid disease, though rare, is one of the differential diagnosis of spinal cord compression syndrome especially in endemic areas. Surgery is the treatment of choice but surgery alone is not curative. Adjuvant drug therapy as well as intraoperative prophylaxis are indicated. Despite all measures, the disease has high recurrence rates and overall outcome is still poor. We report a case of 65 year old male with lumbosacral hydatidosis recurring after 13 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabid Ashraf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Altaf R Kirmani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul R Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arif H Sarmast
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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33
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Abstract
Aspergillus is a common saprophytic fungus that causes invasive or non-invasive disease in humans. It commonly colonizes pre-existing lung cavities. It has been earlier reported to coexist in previously operated or ruptured hydatid cysts. However there have been only few case reports of its occurrence in previously unoperated cysts in immunocompetent hosts. The present case adds to this category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meetu Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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34
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Abstract
Introduction: The hydatid disease most often involves the liver and the lungs. The disease can involve any part of the body except the hair, teeth and nails. Primary extrahepatico-pulmonary hydatid cysts are rare and only a few sporadic cases have been reported. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-four patients with hydatid cysts managed surgically from January 2005 to December 2009 were evaluated retrospectively. Fourteen (5.7%) patients had isolated involvement of the atypical sites, while six (2.4%) also had a primary involvement of liver. Results: The cysts were present in gall bladder (0.4%), peritoneum (1.6%), spleen (1.6%), ovary (0.4%), subcutaneous (0.8%), seminal vesicle (0.4%), spinal (0.4%), pancreas (0.4%), kidney (0.4%), mediastinal (0.4%), muscle (0.4%), and brain (0.8%). Discussion and Conclusions: Involvement of sites other than liver and lungs by hydatid disease is rare. Symptoms are related to size, location or possible complication of the cyst. It should be strongly suspected in differential diagnosis of all abdominal cysts especially in an endemic area. Proper surgical and medical management to avoid any recurrences, and a regular follow-up, are of utmost importance to detect any late complications such as local recurrence of the disease and development of hydatidosis at the primary sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mushtaque
- Department of General Surgery, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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35
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Abstract
Hydatid cyst of bone constitutes only 0.5 - 2% of all hydatidoses. The thoracic spine is the most common site of spinal hydatidoses. Primary hydatid cyst of the sacral spinal canal is rare. A 23-year-old gentleman had back pain five years ago. At that time he was evaluated and found to have a small cyst in S1 spinal canal, which was presumed to be a benign Tarlov's cyst; and no treatment was offered. He continued to have back pain and also developed sciatica on the right side. Neurological examination presently revealed right S1 radiculopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large multiloculated cystic lesion extending from L5 to S2 spinal canal with bone erosion, both anteriorly and posteriorly. He underwent L5 to S2 laminectomy and excision of multiple cysts. The whole cyst was excised and cavity irrigated with sterilized formalin. A laparoscope was introduced in the cavity to look for extension into the pelvis and to confirm complete excision. Postoperatively, the patient received albendazole for two months. At 16 months follow-up the patient was asymptomatic. Hydatid cyst of sacrum is rare and can be missed at initial presentation. If the patient with a cystic lesion of sacral continues to have symptoms the diagnosis should be revaluated and prompt treatment should be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pramukh Neurosurgical Hospital, Ahmedabad - 380015, India
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36
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Abstract
Hydatid cysts of the retrovesical region are rare. They are often adherent to the adjacent bowel and bladder, and complete removal is associated with potential injuries. The Palanivelu hydatid system allows minimally invasive treatment of hydatid cysts with no adjacent organ injuries. We describe the laparoscopic management of a pelvic hydatid cyst using this system.
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37
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) being more common in rural areas, the collection of serum may not always be possible or may be hazardous in untrained hands. The alternative, noninvasive samples like saliva and urine which are non invasive and easy to collect need to be evaluated for diagnosis of CE. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate hydatid antigen detection by ELISA in urine and saliva samples by comparing them with antigen detection in serum for diagnosis of CE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum, saliva and urine samples were collected from 25 clinically and radiologically diagnosed CE patients, 25 clinically suspected cases of CE, 15 other parasitic disease controls and 25 healthy controls. Hydatid antigen detection was done in these samples by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using hyperimmune serum raised in rabbits immunized with hydatid antigen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of ELISA for antigen detection in serum, saliva and urine was found to be 40%, 24% and 52% respectively. Urine showed significantly higher (p<0.05) sensitivity than that of saliva samples but not significantly higher (p>0.05) than that of serum samples. The specificity was highest for serum (92.5%) followed by saliva (87.5%) and urine (80%). There was no significant difference in antigen detection in patients with single vs multiple cysts. There was no significant difference in antigen detection in patients with hepatic vs extrahepatic cysts in serum or saliva samples but antigen positivity in urine was significantly higher (p<0.05) in hepatic cysts than that in extrahepatic cysts. The results showed that biological fluids like urine and saliva may be used as an alternative or as an adjunct to serum samples by virtue of their noninvasive, easy collection and similar sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sunita
- Department of Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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38
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Hamid R, Shera AH, Bhat NA, Baba AA, Rashid A, Akhter A. Hydatid cyst of liver: Spontaneous rupture and cystocutaneous fistula formation in a child. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2012; 17:73-4. [PMID: 22529553 PMCID: PMC3326827 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.93968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of spontaneous formation of cutaneous fistula from rupture of an infected hydatid cyst of liver in a female child is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raashid Hamid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinager, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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39
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Nourbakhsh M, Shemshaki H, Zarezadeh A, Etemadifar MR, Mazoochian F. Recurrent Hydatosis at the Site of Non-union Humerus Fracture. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:660-3. [PMID: 23024856 PMCID: PMC3445283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatid disease is still endemic in several regions of the world and is caused by two species of tapeworms, Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus alveolaris. It primary involves liver and lung, and bone involvement is relatively rare (0.2-4%), where it is most commonly seen in the spine. The skeletal involvement is usually due to secondary extension such as hematogenous spread. The disease has usually a silent manifestation until a complication exists; so, many cases are diagnosed intraoperatively. Treatment of hydatid disease because of its bone involvement and spillage of fluid with subsequent contamination seeding is difficult, so it has a high mortality rate and many cases will recur. Therefore, we can prevent these occurrences if we treat hydatid disease completely and in the primary stage. Adjuvant medical treatment, if the diagnosis is known, prevents systemic spread and recurrence. Here, we present a primary recurrent hydatosis at the site of non-union humerus fracture. We have pointed out osseous hydatosis as one of the important differential diagnoses in destructive bone lesions and the necessity of its radical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nourbakhsh
- Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,MABA Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Shemshaki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Jahad Blv, Kerman, Iran,Correspondence to: Dr. Hamidreza Shemshaki, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Jahad Blv, Kerman, Iran. E-mail:
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40
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Abstract
To emphasize that solitary hydatid cyst can be localized in the soft tissue and present as a soft tissue mass even in an unusual site like face, we report the case of a 42-year-old male patient presenting with a slowly growing mass in right temporal region. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed an encapsulated mass with multiple cysts. Histopathological examination revealed the characteristic findings, which were consistent with soft-tissue hydatid disease. In the absence of visceral organ involvement, this is the first reported case of a primary subcutaneous hydatid cyst in the skin of face in India. In the English literature, only one case of this kind has been reported till date. When imaging methods confirm cystic nature of a swelling, even in unusual sites, one should always keep a possibility of hydatid cyst and manage accordingly during surgery to avoid precipitation of acute anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Bansal
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Sarfarzganj, Lucknow, India
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41
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Jain S, Chopra P. Cystic echinococcosis of the pelvic bone with recurrences: a case report. Korean J Parasitol 2011; 49:277-9. [PMID: 22072828 PMCID: PMC3210845 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydatid cysts commonly affect the liver and the lung. However, they rarely involve bones with vertebral column. We hereby report a case of a female patient with cystic echinococcosis of the hip bone and ilium. She presented with a long history of frequent recurrences highlighting the dismal prognosis at this rare site. Resection of the hydatid cyst from the sacroiliac region was done with allograft and autograft (rib graft) with lumbosacroiliac fixation. Follow-up of the patient at 6 months showed no detectable abnormality on radiology and the patient was doing well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunila Jain
- Pathology Department, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110060, India.
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42
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hydatidosis has a worldwide distribution and the liver is the most common organ involved. Hydatid cysts of the liver can be managed either by nonoperative or operative methods. Nonoperative methods include chemotherapy and percutaneous treatment. The study aimed at understanding the effect of albendazole therapy on the viability of protoscoleces and recurrence rate of hydatid disease of the liver. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was conducted at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, over a period of 2 years from January 2002 to December 2003, with further follow-up of 5 years. The study included 72 cases in the age group of 17-66 years, comprising 39 males and 33 females. The patients were randomized into two groups of 36 patients each. In group A, patients were directly subjected to surgery, while in group B, patients were administered albendazole for 12 weeks preoperatively, followed by a further postoperative course for 12 weeks. RESULTS Of patients who received albendazole therapy, no patient had viable cysts at the time of surgery, as compared to 94.45% of the patients who did not receive any preoperative albendazole (P<0.01). In patients who did not receive any albendazole therapy, recurrence rate was 16.66%, while no recurrence was seen in patients who received albendazole therapy (P≤0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that albendazole is an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of hydatid liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Department of General Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Bemina, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.
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43
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Dhiman RK, Kalra N, Vasishta RK, Singh R, Chawla Y. Biliary obstruction and a mass lesion in the liver. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2011; 1:121. [PMID: 25755325 PMCID: PMC3940133 DOI: 10.1016/s0973-6883(11)60133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Radha K Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160012, India,Address for correspondence: Radha K Dhiman, Professor, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160012, India
| | - Naveen Kalra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160012, India
| | - Rakesh K Vasishta
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160012, India
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Department of Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160012, India
| | - Yogesh Chawla
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160012, India
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