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Kazemipoor N, Arefzadeh A, Dalil D, Shiehmorteza M, Hosseini SM. Serum melatonin levels in type 2 diabetic patients with depressive symptoms compared to non-depressed individuals. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2024; 15:421-429. [PMID: 39011437 PMCID: PMC11246691 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.15.3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Melatonin, mainly regulating the body's circadian rhythm, may have protective effects against type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2)-induced depression due to its antioxidant and regulatory impact in the pathogenesis of both DM2 and depression. This study aimed to find the association of serum melatonin levels with depression in DM2 patients. Methods A total of 50 DM2 patients were recruited in this retrospective cross-sectional study and divided into 25 patients with depression (DM2-DP) and 25 without depression symptoms (DM2-NDP). Depression was diagnosed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) assessment. Fasting blood samples were collected and examined for the level of serum melatonin and other biomarkers. All statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software Version 22, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Results The depression score was significantly lower in DM2-NDP than DM2-DP (p< 0.001). The mean weight was significantly lower in the DM2-DP group (P= 0.021). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and anxiety scores were higher, and the melatonin level was lower in DM2-DP. The correlation of melatonin levels was positive with age, DBP, HbA1C, FBS, and TG. In contrast, it was negative with male gender, BMI, diabetes duration, SBP, TC, family history of DM, depression score, and anxiety score. However, no significant differences were seen. Conclusion Lower melatonin may be associated with depression and anxiety in patients with DM2. The serum melatonin level might be a strong predictor of depression in DM2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Kazemipoor
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Arefzadeh
- Department of Endocrinology, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Dalil
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shiehmorteza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ertik O, Bayrak BB, Sener G, Yanardag R. Melatonin improves liver and pancreatic tissue injuries in diabetic rats: role on antioxidant enzymes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:591-602. [PMID: 37255817 PMCID: PMC10225460 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Melatonin (Mel) is an indolamine mainly synthesized by the pineal gland and many other organs. It plays an important role in scavenging free radicals and stimulating antioxidant enzymes. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Mel and/or insulin treatment on oxidative liver and pancreas injuries in diabetic rats. Methods Male Wistar albino rats were assigned into 5 groups. Group I: control animals. Group II: diabetes was induced via a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally. Group III: diabetic rats treated with Mel (10 mg/kg/day). Group IV: diabetic rats given insulin (6U/kg) subcutaneously. Group V: diabetic rats that received insulin and Mel at the same dose and time. After 12 weeks of the experiment, the animals were decapitated, liver and pancreas tissues were collected. Results The results indicated that reduced glutathione levels in liver and pancreatic tissue decreased, while protein carbonyl, advanced oxidized protein products and lipid peroxidation levels were elevated in diabetic group. Antioxidant enzyme activities decreased in liver tissues but increased in pancreatic tissues of the diabetic group. Administration of Mel, insulin or Mel + insulin reversed these biochemical changes in the diabetic animals. Conclusion This work shows that in long-term oxidative stress conditions caused by STZ-induced diabetes, either Mel or Mel + insulin administration may improve the deteriorated oxidant/antioxidant system in both the liver and pancreas tissues. These results suggested that Mel alone or Mel + insulin treatments might have a significant role in protecting against liver and pancreatic damage in STZ diabetic rats via different antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bertan Boran Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Sener
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fenerbahce University, 34758 Ataşehir Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar Istanbul, Turkey
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Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the 'Bystander' Activation of Memory CD8 + T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043300. [PMID: 36834709 PMCID: PMC9964837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) arises from the failure of pancreatic β-cells to produce adequate insulin, usually as a consequence of extensive pancreatic β-cell destruction. T1DM is classed as an immune-mediated condition. However, the processes that drive pancreatic β-cell apoptosis remain to be determined, resulting in a failure to prevent ongoing cellular destruction. Alteration in mitochondrial function is clearly the major pathophysiological process underpinning pancreatic β-cell loss in T1DM. As with many medical conditions, there is a growing interest in T1DM as to the role of the gut microbiome, including the interactions of gut bacteria with Candida albicans fungal infection. Gut dysbiosis and gut permeability are intimately associated with raised levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide and suppressed butyrate levels, which can act to dysregulate immune responses and systemic mitochondrial function. This manuscript reviews broad bodies of data on T1DM pathophysiology, highlighting the importance of alterations in the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway of pancreatic β-cells in driving mitochondrial dysfunction. The suppression of mitochondrial melatonin makes pancreatic β-cells susceptible to oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitophagy, partly mediated by the loss of melatonin's induction of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), thereby suppressing mitophagy and increasing autoimmune associated major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1. The immediate precursor to melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), is a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimic, via the activation of the BDNF receptor, TrkB. As both the full-length and truncated TrkB play powerful roles in pancreatic β-cell function and survival, NAS is another important aspect of the melatonergic pathway relevant to pancreatic β-cell destruction in T1DM. The incorporation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway in T1DM pathophysiology integrates wide bodies of previously disparate data on pancreatic intercellular processes. The suppression of Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus johnsonii, butyrate, and the shikimate pathway-including by bacteriophages-contributes to not only pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, but also to the bystander activation of CD8+ T cells, which increases their effector function and prevents their deselection in the thymus. The gut microbiome is therefore a significant determinant of the mitochondrial dysfunction driving pancreatic β-cell loss as well as 'autoimmune' effects derived from cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. This has significant future research and treatment implications.
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Liu Y, Chen XQ, Wang F, Cheng B, Zhou G. Melatonin relieves Th17/CD4−CD8− T cells inflammatory responses via nuclear-receptor dependent manner in peripheral blood of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin in Rats with Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040574. [PMID: 35455066 PMCID: PMC9029934 DOI: 10.3390/life12040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Insulin resistance is associated with a pro-inflammatory state increasing the risk for complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to its chronobiotic effects, the pineal hormone melatonin is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Melatonin was also suggested to affect insulin secretion. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of melatonin on inflammation in diabetic rats and to study the possible involvement of the melatonin receptor, MT2. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 per group): (1) control, (2) streptozotocin/nicotinamide induced diabetes type 2 (T2DM), (3) T2DM treated with melatonin (500 µg/kg/day), and (4) T2DM treated with melatonin (500 µg/kg/day for 6 weeks) and the selective MT2 receptor antagonist luzindole (0.25 g/kg/day for 6 weeks). Blood samples were taken for biochemical parameters and various tissue samples (liver, adipose tissue, brain) were removed for immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB), and Q-PCR analyses, respectively. Results: Melatonin significantly reduced increased blood levels of liver transaminases (AST, ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and cholesterol in diabetic rats with luzindole treatment partly reversing this effect regarding the lipids. Furthermore, the liver and adipose tissues of T2DM rats treated with melatonin showed lower expression of the inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB as compared to the T2DM group without melatonin. The results also showed that the MT2 receptor is at least partly involved in the protective effects of melatonin. Conclusions: Our results suggest that melatonin exerts relevant anti-inflammatory effects on various tissues in type 2 diabetic rats.
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ÖZÇELİK F, HACIMUSTAFAOĞLU F, TANOĞLU A. Modulatory effect of resveratrol and melatonin on natural killer cell activity and adrenomedullin in diabetic rats. Turk J Med Sci 2022; 52:258-267. [PMID: 34174798 PMCID: PMC10734853 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2104-380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence suggests that diabetes poses a high risk for many chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, and cancer by stimulating many inflammatory and immunological pathogenic mediators and affecting natural killer (NK)-cell activity. In this study, the effects of melatonin and resveratrol on IL-6, TNF-alpha, oxidant/antioxidant capacity, NK-cell activity, and mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) levels of diabetic rats were investigated. METHODS In the study, 28 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group (group I) and 3 streptozotocininduced diabetes mellitus (DM) groups (group II, III, and IV), each group consisting of 7 rats. Five mg/kg/day melatonin to group III and 5 mg/kg/day resveratrol (intraperitoneal) to group IV was given. At the end of 3 weeks, NK-cell activity, total antioxidant/oxidant capacity, MR-proADM, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels were measured in intracardiac blood taken under anesthesia. RESULTS NK-cell activity of group II was found lower than group I, group III, and group IV (7.4 ± 2.0 vs. 22.5 ± 11.9, 30.6 ± 22.5 and 20.4 ± 9.1 pg/mL; p = 0.0018, respectively). The difference was more prominent in diabetic rats receiving melatonin (p < 0.01). TNF-alpha levels of group II were higher than the group I (p < 0.05). The MR-proADM levels of group II were found to be lower than the group I and group III (6.4 ± 3.6 vs. 14.4 ± 3.2 and 14.0 ± 4.2 ng/L; p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, NK-cell activity was moderately correlated with MR-proADM (r = 0.5618, p = 0.0019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih ÖZÇELİK
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Fatih HACIMUSTAFAOĞLU
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Alpaslan TANOĞLU
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul,
Turkey
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Patel R, Parmar N, Pramanik Palit S, Rathwa N, Ramachandran AV, Begum R. Diabetes mellitus and melatonin: Where are we? Biochimie 2022; 202:2-14. [PMID: 35007648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes-related complications are amongst the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The international diabetes federation (IDF) has estimated 592 million people to suffer from DM by 2035. Hence, finding a novel biomolecule that can effectively aid diabetes management is vital, as other existing drugs have numerous side effects. Melatonin, a pineal hormone having antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, has been implicated in circadian dysrhythmia-linked DM. Reduced levels of melatonin and a functional link between melatonin and insulin are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) Additionally, genomic studies revealed that rare variants in melatonin receptor 1b (MTNR1B) are also associated with impaired glucose tolerance and increased risk of T2D. Moreover, exogenous melatonin treatment in cell lines, rodent models, and diabetic patients has shown a potent effect in alleviating diabetes and other related complications. This highlights the role of melatonin in glucose homeostasis. However, there are also contradictory reports on the effects of melatonin supplementation. Thus, it is essential to explore if melatonin can be taken from bench to bedside for diabetes management. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of melatonin in various diabetic models and whether it can be considered a safe drug for managing diabetic complications and diabetic manifestations like oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic dysregulation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishant Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sayantani Pramanik Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirali Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - A V Ramachandran
- Division of Life Science, School of Sciences, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391 410, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India.
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Ali Hammood Keelo RM, Elbe H, Bicer Y, Yigitturk G, Koca O, Karayakali M, Acar D, Altinoz E. Treatment with crocin suppresses diabetic nephropathy progression via modulating TGF-β1 and oxidative stress in an experimental model of pinealectomized diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109733. [PMID: 34743986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic nephropathy (DN). Uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to histopathologic alterations in the kidney that prevent normal renal function. This study aimed to explore the effects of crocin treatment via virtue of its numerous beneficial properties in streptozotocin-induced pinealectomized diabetic rats. The pinealectomy procedure was conducted on the first day of the study. On the 30th day following pinealectomy, streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in Wistar rats for induction of diabetes. Diabetes was confirmed on the 3rd day following STZ administration by determining the glucose levels. Daily crocin treatment intraperitoneally for 15 days (50 mg/kg) ameliorated impaired renal oxidant/antioxidant balance, reduced TGF-β1 immuno-staining around tubules, and promoted improvement of renal architecture. Moreover, crocin administration improved altered renal function parameters, including serum Cr and BUN, and also increased creatinine clearance. In conclusion, the protective effects of crocin on diabetic nephropathy might be associated with its powerful antioxidant properties, its ability to improve tissue antioxidant status, and its ability to prevent inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Melike Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Derya Acar
- Department of Anatomy, Vocational School of Health Services, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
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Zhang J, Lu J, Zhu H, Zhou X, Wei X, Gu M. Association of Serum Melatonin Level with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5566019. [PMID: 34007273 PMCID: PMC8099517 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5566019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melatonin is an essential neuroendocrine hormone that participates in the regulation of sleep rhythm and cognitive function. This study aimed to determine serum melatonin levels with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS A total of 247 T2DM patients were recruited in this retrospective study and divided into 75 subjects with MCI and 172 with normal cognition. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Their blood sample was examined for the level of melatonin and other biochemical parameters. RESULTS Melatonin concentration was decreased in MCI patients to non-MCI patients (P < 0.001). Melatonin level was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.202; P = 0.001), diabetes duration (r = -0.282; P < 0.001), serum HbA1c (r = -0.195; P = 0.002), hs-CRP (r = -0.324; P < 0.001), and TSH (r = -0.184; P = 0.004) levels and positively correlated with MoCA score, serum HDL-C (r = 0.145; P < 0.001), FT3 (r = 0.241; P < 0.001), and FT4 (r = 0.169; P = 0.008) levels. The multivariable analysis indicated that fewer years of formal education, longer diabetes duration, higher serum HbA1c, higher serum hs-CRP, and lower serum melatonin are the predisposing factors for MCI. CONCLUSION Lower melatonin level was associated with cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM. Melatonin might serve as a potential protective molecule against cognitive dysfunction in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Zhang
- The Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750005, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jiancan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Hongling Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xinglu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xijuan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Mingjun Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New District Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
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Tan DX, Hardeland R. Targeting Host Defense System and Rescuing Compromised Mitochondria to Increase Tolerance against Pathogens by Melatonin May Impact Outcome of Deadly Virus Infection Pertinent to COVID-19. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194410. [PMID: 32992875 PMCID: PMC7582936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fighting infectious diseases, particularly viral infections, is a demanding task for human health. Targeting the pathogens or targeting the host are different strategies, but with an identical purpose, i.e., to curb the pathogen's spreading and cure the illness. It appears that targeting a host to increase tolerance against pathogens can be of substantial advantage and is a strategy used in evolution. Practically, it has a broader protective spectrum than that of only targeting the specific pathogens, which differ in terms of susceptibility. Methods for host targeting applied in one pandemic can even be effective for upcoming pandemics with different pathogens. This is even more urgent if we consider the possible concomitance of two respiratory diseases with potential multi-organ afflictions such as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and seasonal flu. Melatonin is a molecule that can enhance the host's tolerance against pathogen invasions. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory activities, melatonin has the capacity to reduce the severity and mortality of deadly virus infections including COVID-19. Melatonin is synthesized and functions in mitochondria, which play a critical role in viral infections. Not surprisingly, melatonin synthesis can become a target of viral strategies that manipulate the mitochondrial status. For example, a viral infection can switch energy metabolism from respiration to widely anaerobic glycolysis even if plenty of oxygen is available (the Warburg effect) when the host cell cannot generate acetyl-coenzyme A, a metabolite required for melatonin biosynthesis. Under some conditions, including aging, gender, predisposed health conditions, already compromised mitochondria, when exposed to further viral challenges, lose their capacity for producing sufficient amounts of melatonin. This leads to a reduced support of mitochondrial functions and makes these individuals more vulnerable to infectious diseases. Thus, the maintenance of mitochondrial function by melatonin supplementation can be expected to generate beneficial effects on the outcome of viral infectious diseases, particularly COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- S.T. Bio-Life, San Antonio, TX 78240, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-672-550
| | - Ruediger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
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Afsar B, Elsurer Afsar R, Sag AA, Kanbay A, Korkmaz H, Cipolla-Neto J, Covic A, Ortiz A, Kanbay M. Sweet dreams: therapeutic insights, targeting imaging and physiologic evidence linking sleep, melatonin and diabetic nephropathy. Clin Kidney J 2020; 13:522-530. [PMID: 32905249 PMCID: PMC7467577 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is the main biochronologic molecular mediator of circadian rhythm and sleep. It is also a powerful antioxidant and has roles in other physiologic pathways. Melatonin deficiency is associated with metabolic derangements including glucose and cholesterol dysregulation, hypertension, disordered sleep and even cancer, likely due to altered immunity. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a key microvascular complication of both type 1 and 2 diabetes. DN is the end result of a complex combination of metabolic, haemodynamic, oxidative and inflammatory factors. Interestingly, these same factors have been linked to melatonin deficiency. This report will collate in a clinician-oriented fashion the mechanistic link between melatonin deficiency and factors contributing to DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Alan A Sag
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Asiye Kanbay
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Korkmaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrian Covic
- Dialysis Unit, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, ‘C.I. PARHON’ University Hospital and ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhao CN, Wang P, Mao YM, Dan YL, Wu Q, Li XM, Wang DG, Davis C, Hu W, Pan HF. Potential role of melatonin in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 48:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lewczuk B, Prusik M, Ziółkowska N, Dąbrowski M, Martniuk K, Hanuszewska M, Zielonka Ł. Effects of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes on the Pineal Gland in the Domestic Pig. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103077. [PMID: 30304775 PMCID: PMC6213590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several observations from experiments in rodents and human patients suggest that diabetes affects pineal gland function, including melatonin secretion; however, the accumulated data are not consistent. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the pineal gland in the domestic pig, a species widely used as a model in various biomedical studies. The study was performed on 10 juvenile pigs, which were divided into two groups: control and diabetic. Diabetes was evoked by administration of streptozotocin (150 mg/kg of body weight). After six weeks, the animals were euthanized between 12.00 and 14.00, and the pineal glands were removed and divided into two equal parts, which were used for biochemical analyses and for preparation of explants for the superfusion culture. The pineal contents (per 100 μg protein) of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophol, 5-methoxyindole acetic acid, 5-methoxytryptophol, and 5-methoxytryptamine were significantly lower in diabetic pigs than in control pigs. In contrast, the level of N-acetylserotonin was significantly higher in diabetic animals. No significant differences were found in the level of melatonin between control and experimental pigs. The amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were significantly lower in the pineal glands of diabetic animals. The level of vanillylmandelic acid was higher in diabetic pigs. No differences were observed in the level of basal and NE-stimulated release of N-acetylserotonin or melatonin between the pineal explants prepared from control and experimental animals. In vitro treatment with insulin was ineffective. In conclusion, streptozotocin-induced diabetes affects both indole metabolism and adrenergic neurotransmission in the pig pineal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Lewczuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Prusik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Natalia Ziółkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Kamila Martniuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maria Hanuszewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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14
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Dutil C, Walsh JJ, Featherstone RB, Gunnell KE, Tremblay MS, Gruber R, Weiss SK, Cote KA, Sampson M, Chaput JP. Influence of sleep on developing brain functions and structures in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 42:184-201. [PMID: 30241996 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review examined the associations between sleep and brain functions and structures in children and adolescents aged 1-17 ys. Included studies (n = 24) were peer-reviewed and met the a priori determined population (apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 1 y to 17 ys), intervention/exposure/comparator (various sleep characteristics including duration, architecture, quality, timing), and outcome criteria (brain functions and/or brain structures, excluding cognitive function outcomes). Collectively, the reviewed studies report some relationships between inadequate sleep and resultant differences in brain functions or structures. Although the research presented supports and offers more insight into the importance of sleep for the developing brain of children and adolescents, no firm conclusions that apply broadly may be drawn from these results, particularly because of the diversity of the sleep variables and outcomes. However, it is clear that sleeping habits in the pediatric population should be prioritized. Health care providers should continue to recommend healthy sleep practices and adequate time for sleep, as they are essential for overall health, including brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dutil
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Jeremy J Walsh
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Ryan B Featherstone
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Katie E Gunnell
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Reut Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.
| | - Shelly K Weiss
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Kimberly A Cote
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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15
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Calvo J, Maldonado M. The role of melatonin in autoimmune and atopic diseases. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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16
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Tang ST, Su H, Zhang Q, Tang HQ, Wang CJ, Zhou Q, Wei W, Zhu HQ, Wang Y. Melatonin Attenuates Aortic Endothelial Permeability and Arteriosclerosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:82-92. [PMID: 25944844 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415583090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of diabetic macrovascular complications is a multifactorial process, and melatonin may possess cardiovascular protective properties. This study was designed to evaluate whether melatonin attenuates arteriosclerosis and endothelial permeability by suppressing the myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)/myosin light-chain phosphorylation (p-MLC) system via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway or by suppressing the myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit phosphorylation (p-MYPT)/p-MLC system in diabetes mellitus (DM). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including control, high-fat diet, DM, and DM + melatonin groups. Melatonin was administered (10 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 12 weeks. The DM significantly increased the serum fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, which were attenuated by melatonin therapy to various extents. Importantly, the aortic endothelial permeability was significantly increased in DM rats but was dramatically reversed following treatment with melatonin. Our findings further indicated that hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia enhanced the expressions of MLCK, p-MYPT, and p-MLC, which were partly associated with decreased membrane type 1 expression, increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and increased p38 expression. However, these changes in protein expression were also significantly reversed by melatonin. Thus, our results are the first to demonstrate that the endothelial hyperpermeability induced by DM is associated with increased expressions of MLCK, p-MYPT, and p-MLC, which can be attenuated by melatonin at least partly through the ERK/p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-tao Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-qin Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-jiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-qing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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