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Wang K, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang T, Luo J. Can physical activity counteract the negative effects of sedentary behavior on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents? A narrative review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1412389. [PMID: 39157520 PMCID: PMC11328546 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1412389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The increase in sedentary behavior (SB) in children and adolescents is one of the major threats to global public health, and the relationship between physical activity (PA) and SB has always been a key topic. Methods The literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and Scopus, and 121 pieces of literature were included in this study after screening and evaluation. Results (1) SB caused by screen time such as mobile phones and TVs has varying degrees of negative impact on obesity, cardiovascular metabolism, skeletal muscle development, and cognitive, and psychological disorders in children and adolescents. (2) Regular physical activity could effectively prevent, offset, or improve the harm of SB to the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, mainly by reducing the incidence of obesity, and cardiovascular and metabolic risks, promoting skeletal muscle development, and improving cognitive function and mental health. (3) The mechanism of physical activity to prevent or ameliorate the harm of SB was relatively complex, mainly involving the inhibition or activation of neurobiomolecules, the improvement of blood and cell metabolic factors, and the enhancement of brain functional connectivity. Conclusions Children and adolescents should avoid excessive SB, and through a variety of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to replace or intermittent SB, which could effectively prevent or improve the harm of SB to physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Liberal Studies (Sports Work Department), Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengxu Liu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingran Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiong Luo
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
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Mohieldein A, Elhabiby M, Abu Mustafa A, Shehade M, Alsuhaibani S. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Health Behavior in School-Aged Children: The Qassim Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48420. [PMID: 37942128 PMCID: PMC10628704 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a worldwide public health epidemic. Sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary patterns increased the rates of overweight and obesity among children. This study aimed to (1) estimate healthy behaviors (including dietary patterns and physical activity) and (2) determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Saudi school-aged children in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi schoolchildren aged between five and 16 years old. The study group consisted of 339 children including 237 males and 102 females. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey. Body mass index (BMI) for age and gender was computed for each child using the AnthroPlus 2007 software (World Health Organization {WHO}, Geneva, Switzerland). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) was used for data analyses. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Saudi children was 46 (13.6%) and 81 (23.9%), respectively. Males consumed more soft drinks and energy drinks, whereas females consumed more fruit juice. As children grew older, the consumption of unhealthy food and beverages increased. Males engaged in more daily physical activity compared to females. Conclusion Saudi schoolchildren (aged 5-16 years) demonstrated significant gender-specific variations in dietary patterns and levels of physical activity. A significant proportion of Saudi children were overweight or obese. The study highlighted the complex relationship between age, school class, gender, and health behaviors among Saudi school-aged children. Policymakers and parents could benefit from the understanding of such complex relationships to promote healthy behaviors among school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmarouf Mohieldein
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, SAU
| | - Mahmoud Elhabiby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Aqsa University, Gaza, PSE
| | | | - Modather Shehade
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Almustaqbal University, Buraidah, SAU
| | - Sultan Alsuhaibani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, SAU
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Gedamu F, Dagne I, Oumer A. Association between dietary consumption patterns and the development of adolescent overnutrition in eastern Ethiopia: new perspectives. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1245477. [PMID: 37829733 PMCID: PMC10565351 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1245477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overnutrition among adolescents is becoming a major public health concern, with all the adverse consequences associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. Hence, clear evidence linking dietary consumption with the risk of overnutrition is crucial for targeted dietary recommendations using a robust statistical approach. This study assessed the link between dietary consumption patterns and the risks of overnutrition among adolescents in Ethiopia. Method A community-based survey was conducted on a random sample of 510 adolescents selected using a stratified random sampling via proportional allocation. Dietary consumption was captured using a validated and contextualized 80-item food frequency questionnaire over the past month through a face-to-face interview. Weight and height were measured under a standard procedure. Body Mass Index for Age Z-score (BAZ) was calculated, and BAZ above +1 was considered overnutrition. The frequency measures were standardized into daily equivalents, and dietary patterns were derived using exploratory factor analysis after checking for assumptions. A bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted with an odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 510 participants were enrolled. Four major dietary patterns ("cereals, energy, and discretionary calory," "fat, oil, and milk groups," "proteins and vegetables," and "fruits"), explaining 66.6% of the total variation, were identified. The overall prevalence of overnutrition was 29.0% (27-31%), where 22.5 and 6.5% were overweight and obese, respectively. Physical inactivity (AOR = 6.27; 95% CI: 2.75-14.3), maternal literacy (AOR = 111.3; 95% CI: 50.0-247.8), habit of snacking (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI: 0.69-4.67), skipping meals (AOR = 2.05; 955 CI: 0.84-5.04), cereals and discretionary food dietary pattern (AOR = 2.28; 95 CI: 0.94-5.55), and protein-rich and vegetable dietary pattern (AOR = 2.30; 95% CI: 0.97-5.46) were important factors associated with odds of overnutrition. Conclusion Overnutrition is a public health concern affecting one-third of adolescents, and it is closely linked with dietary consumption patterns, eating behaviors, wealth status, literacy, and level of physical activity. Therefore, public health interventions targeting unhealthy eating and lifestyles are urgently needed to curb the increasing burden of overnutrition among adolescents and its future complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdu Oumer
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Mohd Saat NZ, Abd Talib R, Alarsan SF, Saadeh N, Shahrour G. Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity Among School Children Aged 6 to 18 Years: A Scoping Review. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2023; Volume 15:63-76. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s420370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Noorwali EA, Aljaadi AM, Al-Otaibi HH. Change in Growth Status and Obesity Rates among Saudi Children and Adolescents Is Partially Attributed to Discrepancies in Definitions Used: A Review of Anthropometric Measurements. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1010. [PMID: 37046938 PMCID: PMC10094271 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric measurements are the first step in determining the health status in children and adolescents. Clinicians require standardized protocols for proper assessment and interpretation. Therefore, this study aims to review the literature of international and Saudi national guidelines and studies previously conducted in Saudi children and adolescents to provide recommendations to establish Saudi guidelines in line with the Saudi 2030 Vision. Systematic search was conducted in several databases: Medline, PubMed, Saudi Digital Library and Google Scholar from January 1990 to January 2021. Further, 167 studies measured anthropometrics in Saudi children/adolescents; 33 of these studies contributed to the establishment/adjustment of Saudi growth charts or specific cutoffs or studied the trend of growth in representative samples or adjusted the international curves to be used in Saudis. This review warrants updating growth charts and establishing the standard cutoffs of Saudi adolescent anthropometrics to avoid over/underreporting. This review provides insights and recommendations regarding the resources that can be used to establish national guidelines in anthropometric measurements for Saudi children/adolescents. This review will help policymakers and the Ministry of Health to establish standardized protocols to be used in Saudi Arabia for anthropometric measurements that may assist in detecting malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essra A. Noorwali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M. Aljaadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala H. Al-Otaibi
- College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Alotaibi NM, Alshammari GM, Alabdulkarem KB, Alotaibi AA, Mohammed MA, Alotaibi A, Yahya MA. A Cross-Sectional Study of Gender Differences in Calorie Labeling Policy among Students: Dietary Habits, Nutritional Knowledge and Awareness. Nutrients 2023; 15:879. [PMID: 36839237 PMCID: PMC9958862 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie labels may be the most important predictor of dietary choices among college students. The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) has imposed calorie labels on the menus of restaurants and cafes. The current study looked at how the calorie labeling policy affects Saudi male and female students' dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and awareness. The study included 802 students (360 males and 442 females) from Saudi Arabia's King Saud University, ranging between 18 and 35 years. Between December 2020 and October 2021, a cross-sectional, electronic, approved and validated survey was conducted to collect data on gender socio-demographic variables, food habits, and nutritional knowledge and awareness, in accordance with the food policy stated. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The Likert scale was used to determine the level of awareness and the food habit scores, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to determine the differences between the males and females. Spearman's correlation coefficient and simple regression analysis were performed to determine the association between the demographic factors and nutritional knowledge and the awareness of males and females. The results demonstrated that, with the exception of living situations, males and females differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in their socio-demographic characteristics. When asked about their food habits after the implementation of calorie labeling, the majority of respondents (>50%) gave negative responses, with a significant difference observed between maintaining body weight (p ≤ 0.05) and gaining weight (p ≤ 0.01). According to the Likert scale, there was a significant difference between males and females in terms of knowledge (p ≤ 0.01) and awareness (p ≤ 0.05). An average of 80.53% of males had very high knowledge (4.07) and 65.65% had medium level (3.24) awareness of calorie labeling, while 83.73% of females had very high knowledge (4.17) and 66.50% had medium level (3.32) awareness of calorie labeling. The socio-demographic and lifestyle variables were significantly and positively or negatively associated with calorie label utilization and varied between respondents, according to the Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and simple linear regression analysis. The number of factors that negatively impacted the males' knowledge and awareness was greater than that of the females. In conclusion, among college students, there were numerous gender differences in the demographic and social characteristics. The respondents' knowledge was insufficient, with females outperforming males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif M. Alotaibi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud B. Alabdulkarem
- Department of Social Studies, College of Arts, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alotaibi
- Public Administration Department, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Mohammed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athoug Alotaibi
- Department of Social Studies, College of Arts, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Shuvo SD, Biswas BK. The degree of association between overweight and obesity with the use of electronic media among Bangladeshi adolescents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280544. [PMID: 36662815 PMCID: PMC9858059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic media usage is recently considered a modifiable risk factor for overweight and obesity among adolescents. The purpose of this present study was to evaluate the association of electronic media (EM) usage with overweight and obesity among school-going adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2019 among school-going adolescents (14-16 years old) residing in the Jashore Sadar Upazila, Jashore district of Bangladesh. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the socio-economic status, time spent watching television, video games playing, computer, and smart mobile phone use through face-to-face interviews. Age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off values for overweight and obesity were determined for Asian adolescents by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the association between electronic media use with overweight and obesity. FINDINGS The findings suggest that the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.5% and 25.2%, respectively. Among the total adolescent students, about 49.1% highly (above 3 hours per day) spent their time on EM use whereas 30.6% moderately (≥121 to 180 min/day) use EM. The regression analysis showed that spending high time using total screen-based electronic devices, television viewing, video game playing, computer use, and smartphone use were significantly associated with overweight (RRR: 7.36, 95% CI: 3.64-11.54; RRR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.46-7.95; RRR: 4.45, 95% CI: 2.75-6.12; RRR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.87-4.70; RRR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.23-3.51) and obesity (RRR: 8.72, 95% CI: 4.64-12.54; RRR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.31-5.21; RRR: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.74-5.13; RRR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.32-4.86; RRR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.93-1.48) in adolescents, respectively. CONCLUSION The results support the total time spent using electronic media was associated with an increased risk of being overweight and obesity. Finally, this study strongly suggests the proper use of electronic media may be necessary to reduce the risk of being overweight and obesity in early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Biplob Kumar Biswas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Zhang S, Gao H, Cui Y, Wang X, Cao W, Ding Q, Chang B. Relationship between energy balance-related behaviors and personal and family factors in overweight/obese primary school students aged 10-12 years in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1968. [PMID: 36303130 PMCID: PMC9608935 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing rates of childhood obesity worldwide are a serious threat to the health of school-aged children. Unhealthy behavioral habits are modifiable factors in the control of childhood obesity, and personal and family factors are key influencing factors of behavioral habits in school-aged children. This study assessed the relationship between overweight/obesity, energy balance-related behaviors (EBRB), and their influencing factors in school-aged children. Methods This cross-sectional survey included 4412 primary school-aged (10–12 years) students who underwent body tests and were selected through stratified sampling in the Northeast, North, Northwest, and Southwest regions of China from March to July 2021. Independent sample t test was used to compare differences between behaviors and influencing factors of energy balance among overweight/obesity and normal weight students. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influence of EBRB on body shape. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the influence of personal and family factors on EBRB effects. Results Compared with normal-weight students, number of breakfasts consumed per week by overweight/obese students was significantly lower (p < 0.01), and weekly screen-viewing time was significantly longer (p < 0.01). Overweight/obese students’ health beliefs, parental subjective norms, parental modelling, parental practices, and home availability scores increased significantly in terms of beverage consumption behavior (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Attitude, health beliefs, self-efficacy, parental subjective norms, and parental support scores decreased significantly in terms of breakfast consumption (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Health belief scores on physical activity increased significantly (p < 0.01), while preference and autonomy scores decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Health beliefs, parental subjective norms, and parental practices scores of screen-viewing activities increased significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Breakfast consumption (odds ratio [OR]: 0.911; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.870–0.954) and screen-viewing activities (OR:1.055; 95% CI: 1.030–1.080) correlated negatively and positively with overweight/obesity, respectively. The main influencing factors of breakfast behavior in overweight/obese students were self-efficacy (0.14), preference (0.11), attitude (0.07), home availability (0.18), and parent modelling (0.09); those for screen-viewing behavior were preference (0.19), self-efficacy (− 0.15), parental practices (0.13), and parental subjective norm (0.12). Conclusions Irregular breakfast consumption and excessive screen-viewing time are key EBRB associated with overweight/obesity among these Chinese participants. Their unhealthy breakfast consumption and screen-viewing activities result from a combination of personal and family factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14238-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Zhang
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029 Liaoning China
| | - Haining Gao
- grid.443556.50000 0001 1822 1192Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, 110115 Liaoning China
| | - Ying Cui
- grid.443556.50000 0001 1822 1192Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, 110115 Liaoning China
| | - Xin Wang
- grid.443556.50000 0001 1822 1192Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, 110115 Liaoning China
| | - Wenshuo Cao
- grid.443556.50000 0001 1822 1192Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, 110115 Liaoning China
| | - Qian Ding
- grid.443556.50000 0001 1822 1192Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, 110115 Liaoning China
| | - Bo Chang
- grid.443556.50000 0001 1822 1192Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, 110115 Liaoning China
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Ahammed B, Sarder MA, Kundu S, Keramat SA, Alam K. Multilevel exploration of individual- and community-level factors contributing to overweight and obesity among reproductive-aged women: a pooled analysis of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2004-2018. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-10. [PMID: 35570669 PMCID: PMC9991804 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overweight and obesity have been related to a variety of adverse health outcomes. Understanding the overweight and obesity epidemic in Bangladesh, particularly among reproductive-aged women, is critical for monitoring and designing effective control measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in reproductive-aged women and to identify the risk factors of overweight and obesity. DESIGN A total of 70 651 women were obtained from the five most recent and successive Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS). The multilevel logistic regression model was used to explore the individual- and community-level factors of overweight and obesity. SETTING Five most recent nationally representative household surveys across all regions. PARTICIPANTS Reproductive-aged (15-49 years) non-pregnant women. RESULTS Approximately 35·2 % (95 % CI: 34·9-35·6 %) of women were either overweight or obese in Bangladesh. At the individual- and community-level, higher age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5·79, 95 % CI: 5·28-6·34), secondary or higher education (aOR = 1·69 [1·60-1·78]), relatively wealthiest households (aOR = 4·41 [4·10-4·74]), electronic media access (aOR = 1·32 [1·26-1·37]) and community high literacy (aOR = 1·10 [1·04-1·15]) of women were significantly positively associated with being overweight or obese. Whereas, rural residents (aOR = 0·79 [0·76-0·82]) from larger-sized households (aOR = 0·80 [0·73-0·87]) and have high community employment (aOR = 0·92 [0·88-0·97]) were negatively associated with the probability of being overweight or obese. CONCLUSION Individual- and community-level factors influenced the overweight and obesity of Bangladeshi reproductive-aged women. Interventions and a comprehensive public health plan aimed at identifying and addressing the growing burden of overweight and obesity should be a top focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benojir Ahammed
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Alamgir Sarder
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna9208, Bangladesh
| | - Subarna Kundu
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna9208, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Afroz Keramat
- Economics Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Chen D, Wu H, Wang X, Huang T, Jia J. Shared Genetic Basis and Causal Relationship Between Television Watching, Breakfast Skipping and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From a Comprehensive Genetic Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:836023. [PMID: 35399945 PMCID: PMC8988136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.836023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological investigations have established unhealthy lifestyles, such as excessive leisurely sedentary behavior (especially TV/television watching) and breakfast skipping, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the causal relationship is unclear. We aimed to understand how single nucleotide variants contribute to the co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyles and T2D, thereby providing meaningful insights into disease mechanisms. Methods Combining summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on TV watching (N = 422218), breakfast skipping (N = 193860) and T2D (N = 159208) in European pedigrees, we conducted comprehensive pairwise genetic analysis, including high-definition likelihood (HDL-method), cross-phenotype association studies (CPASSOC), GWAS-eQTL colocalization analysis and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS), to understand the genetic overlap between them. We also performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for causal inference using genetic instrumental variables, and two-step MR mediation analysis was used to assess any effects explained by body mass index, lipid traits and glycemic traits. Results HDL-method showed that T2D shared a strong genetic correlation with TV watching (rg = 0.26; P = 1.63×10-29) and skipping breakfast (rg = 0.15; P =2.02×10-6). CPASSOC identifies eight independent SNPs shared between T2D and TV watching, including one novel shared locus. TWAS and CPASSOC showed that shared genes were enriched in lung, esophageal, adipose, and thyroid tissues and highlighted potential shared regulatory pathways for lipoprotein metabolism, pancreatic β-cell function, cellular senescence and multi-mediator factors. MR showed TV watching had a causal effect on T2D (βIVW = 0.629, PIVW = 1.80×10-10), but no significant results were observed between breakfast skipping and T2D. Mediation analysis provided evidence that body mass index, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c and high-density lipoprotein are potential factors that mediate the causal relationship between TV and T2D. Conclusions Our findings provide strong evidence of shared genetics and causation between TV watching and T2D and facilitate our identification of common genetic architectures shared between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Al-Agha A, Alsalmi R, Alahmadi B, Aljilani T, Alasbli S, Alsharef F, Baothman G, Maddah J. Impact of Virtual Education Versus Traditional Learning Modalities on the Body Mass Index of Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Western Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e22596. [PMID: 35371757 PMCID: PMC8958149 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The emergence of the coronavirus disease has forced governments worldwide to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions that imposed strict confinement policies on their populations, including children and adolescents. Subsequently, the education system has shifted from traditional to online classroom settings, introducing physical and lifestyle changes in students. This study aimed to determine the impact of virtual education in comparison with that of traditional education on body weight among school-age students in western Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between March 2020 and May 2021 and assessed pediatric patients at the Pediatric Endocrine Clinic at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A clinical interview was performed to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity levels, and electronic device usage. Body mass index (BMI) was determined using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention standards. Results: In total, 518 participants (262 female and 256 male students) aged six to 18 years were assessed. The BMI significantly increased from a mean of 19.24, before the pandemic, to 20.08, after the commencement of the virtual study modality (p<0.001) that involved the increased use of electronic devices. Moreover, the proportion of physical inactivity significantly increased during weekdays (39%) and weekends (37.5%). Conclusion: Due to the many obesogenic factors influenced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the findings indicate the need for further research and interventions to avoid the incidence of overweight and obesity among students. Many obesogenic factors are influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, which affect the student's physical activity and lifestyle by increasing the risk of overweight and obesity. Therefore Further research and interventions are needed.
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Alfinnia S, Muniroh L, Atmaka DR. Hubungan Screen Based Activity dan Perilaku Makan dengan Status Gizi Anak Usia 10-12 Tahun (Studi di SDI Darush Sholihin Kabupaten Nganjuk). AMERTA NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v5i3.2021.223-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Anak usia sekolah mengalami peningkatan kebutuhan gizi untuk tumbuh kembang. Di usia ini, anak-anak bisa memilih makanan maupun media bermain sesuai keinginan mereka. Aktivitas menggunakan layar yang berlebih serta perilaku makan yang buruk dapat memicu terjadinya obesitas.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan Screen Based Activity (SBA) dan perilaku makan dengan status gizi anak usia sekolah.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di SDI Darush Sholihin Kabupaten Nganjuk. Besar sampel sebanyak 48 siswa yang dipilih secara proportional random sampling. Pengumpulan data meliputi berat badan, tinggi badan, kuesioner SBA, Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), serta food recall 2x24 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dan Kendall’s tau dengan nilai signifikansi 0,05.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan SBA (p=0,151), perilaku makan makanan pokok (p=0,101), perilaku makan lauk hewani (p=0,212), perilaku makan lauk nabati (p=0,829), perilaku makan sayuran (p=0,751) dan perilaku makan jajanan (p=0,109) dengan status gizi. Namun, terdapat hubungan perilaku makan buah (p=0,040) dengan status gizi.Kesimpulan: Konsumsi buah-buahan yang sering tanpa memperhatikan kandungan gula dan cara penyajian dapat memberikan risiko obesitas pada anak. Diperlukan pendidikan gizi kepada pihak sekolah maupun orang tua mengenai pembatasan SBA dan perilaku makan sehat terutama buah untuk mencapai tumbuh kembang yang optimal dan terhindar dari obesitas.
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Alanazi YA, Sousa-Sá E, Chong KH, Parrish AM, Okely AD. Systematic Review of the Relationships between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours and Health Indicators in School-Aged Children from Arab-Speaking Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8640. [PMID: 34444388 PMCID: PMC8391650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Australian and Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth synthesized studies in English and French or other languages (if able to be translated with Google translate) and found very few studies published in English from Arabic countries that examined the relationship between objectively measured sedentary behaviour (SB), sleep and physical activity (PA) and health indicators in children aged 5-12 years. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the relationships between 24-hour movement behaviours and health indicators in school-aged children from Arab-speaking countries. Online databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched for English, French and Arabic studies (written in English), while Saudi Digital Library, ArabBase, HumanIndex, KSUP, Pan-Arab Academic Journal, e-Marefa, Al Manhal eLibrary and Google Scholar were searched for Arabic studies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of evidence for each health indicator. A total of 16 studies, comprising 15,346 participants from nine countries were included. These studies were conducted between 2000 and 2019. In general, low levels of PA and sleep and high SB were unfavourably associated with adiposity outcomes, behavioural problems, depression and low self-esteem. Favourable associations were reported between sleep duration and adiposity outcomes. SB was favourably associated with adiposity outcomes, withdrawn behaviour, attention and externalizing problems. PA was favourably associated with improved self-esteem and adiposity outcomes. Further studies to address the inequality in the literature in the Arab-speaking countries to understand the role of 24-hour movement behaviours and its positive influence on health outcomes across childhood are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed A. Alanazi
- Early Start and School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (E.S.-S.); (K.H.C.); (A.-M.P.); (A.D.O.)
| | - Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Early Start and School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (E.S.-S.); (K.H.C.); (A.-M.P.); (A.D.O.)
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CIDEFES—Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física e Exercício e Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kar Hau Chong
- Early Start and School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (E.S.-S.); (K.H.C.); (A.-M.P.); (A.D.O.)
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- Early Start and School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (E.S.-S.); (K.H.C.); (A.-M.P.); (A.D.O.)
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start and School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (E.S.-S.); (K.H.C.); (A.-M.P.); (A.D.O.)
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Aljassim H, Jradi H. Childhood overweight and obesity among the Saudi population: a case-control study among school children. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2021; 40:15. [PMID: 33827702 PMCID: PMC8025524 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a global public health concern with major consequences. In Saudi Arabia, the percentage of children who are overweight or obese has significantly increased in the past two decades, raising concerns about the physical and psychosocial consequences of this burden. This study aimed at investigating the different risk factors contributing to childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A case-control study was conducted among 492 school children (246 overweight/obese children, and 246 normal weight control children aged 5-9 years). Using valid and reliable instruments, parental and child characteristics, behavioral practices, screen use, and other activities were assessed as risk factors for childhood obesity using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS An unemployed father (OR=11.90; 95% CI: 7.47-18.93), a father with overweight/obesity (OR=2.04; 95% CI: 1.40-2.96), an incorrect parental perception of child's weight status (OR=2.54; 95% CI: 1.75-3.68), cesarean delivery (OR=2.52; 95% CI: 1.56-4.09), daily time in active play for less than 30 min (OR=2.18; 95% CI: 1.44-3.28), frequent snacking (OR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.05-2.93), and screen time use for more than 2 h per day outside of school (OR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.12-2.34) were all independent risk factors for being overweight or obese among the selected cases. CONCLUSION Efforts to prevent childhood overweight and obesity in this population should focus primarily on the early identification and confrontation of risk factors. Such risk factors include parental characteristics and awareness of the magnitude of the burden obesity poses, behavioral practices such as frequent snacking, screen time use, and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Aljassim
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Health Education Administration, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda Jradi
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Atef H, Abdel-Raouf R, Zeid AS, Elsebaie EH, Abdalaleem S, Amin AA, Aboulghar H. Development of a simple and valid nutrition screening tool for pediatric hospitalized patients with acute illness. F1000Res 2021; 10:173. [PMID: 33968365 PMCID: PMC8080976 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51186.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nutritional screening, intervention and assessment in patients with undernutrition are key components of any nutritional care. The goal of any nutritional assessment is to determine the specific nutritional risk(s). Presently, there are no guidelines on any ideal screening tool to be used on admission for identification of children that are at risk of developing malnutrition during their hospital stay. The objective of the study was to develop a valid and simple nutritional screening tool which can be used on hospital admission to identify pediatric patients at risk of malnutrition . Methods: This study was cross sectional analytical that enrolled children (n:161) admitted with acute illness to the general wards at Cairo University Children Hospitals (CUCH). The answers to the developed questionnaire were compared to the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), those with high accuracy (≥80%) were used for validity with anthropometric measures. Results: In the 'less than two years of age' group, the simple and valid nutritional screening tools were the following questions: (Is there a problem during breast-feeding?), (Is there scanty breast milk?), (Is there appetite loss?). The simple and valid nutritional screening tools during the 'early childhood' group were the following questions: (Is there appetite loss?), (Is there any skipping of meals?), (Are they watching TV, videotapes and/or playing computer games for more than two hours/day?). The simple and valid nutritional screening tools during the 'late childhood' group were the following questions: (Is there appetite loss?), (Are they watching TV, videotapes and/or playing computer games for more than two hours/day?). Conclusion: The simple and valid nutritional screening tools differ according to age groups. The one which is valid in all ages is the question about the appetite loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Atef
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Abdel-Raouf
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Zeid
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman H Elsebaie
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Abdalaleem
- Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya A Amin
- Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanna Aboulghar
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Jari Alshumrani M, Yousef Alhazmi A, Baloush SA, Aljohani SO, Almutairi WT. The Association Between High Body Mass Index and Technology Use Among Female Elementary School Students. Cureus 2020; 12:e11903. [PMID: 33415054 PMCID: PMC7781876 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity among children are progressively turning into global issues. Numerous factors have been linked to the proliferation of pediatric obesity. However, there are still questions as to whether the corresponding proliferation in the use of technology could be linked to the increase in body mass index (BMI) among children. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between high BMI in female elementary school-age children and time spent using electronic devices. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted across three female elementary schools located in Jeddah between 2017 and 2018. All schools which are affiliated with the Ministry of National Guard in Jeddah were included. Demographic data, school performance, sleep routine, physical activity, parents' beliefs, and family demographic data were collected from the legal custodian of the children. The research group visited schools to obtain children's BMI measurements. Results The number of participants who responded to the survey was 681. The results showed that the increase in BMI was non-significantly linked with the period spent using electronic devices, the use of electronic devices before sleep, nor the kind of device used. However, there was a significant association between high BMI and one type of electronic device: the television. There was a significant association between high BMI and the denial by parents that their children were obese. Furthermore, 50% of children were obese while 92.9% of overweight children's parents did not believe that there was a problem with the weight of their children. Conclusion There is no significant association between screen time spent on electronic devices and high BMI among female elementary school-age children. However, lack of physical activity, fast food consumption, and genetic predispositions are still major contributing factors for childhood obesity and overweight. Nearly all parents of children who are overweight did not perceive their children as being overweight, which brings to the fore the subject of lack of awareness about childhood obesity among parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesbah Jari Alshumrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Amal Yousef Alhazmi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Samar A Baloush
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Shahad O Aljohani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Wejdan T Almutairi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
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Habbab RM, Bhutta ZA. Prevalence and social determinants of overweight and obesity in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Clin Obes 2020; 10:e12400. [PMID: 32827192 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in adolescents has a serious impact later in life in the form of disturbances in health and wellbeing. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob) in Saudi adolescents and to construct an ecological model of social determinants (SDs) of Ow/Ob and evaluate current evidence of their effect on Saudi adolescents. A systematic review of literature reported up until 31 December 2018 on Ow/Ob and factors that can influence them in Saudi adolescents was conducted. Fifty-one studies with n = 97 666 adolescents (55.6% males) were reviewed. The prevalence of Ow/Ob started off high and continued to increase over time. Most of the 49 reviewed SDs reports, from 19 studies, showed positive association between SDs constructed ecological model and Ow/Ob in Saudi adolescents. The prevalence of Ow/Ob among adolescents is a major public health problem in Saudi Arabia, is growing at an alarming rate and SDs play a significant role in this problem, and should be considered in all strategies targeting it. The constructed ecological model for SDs of Ow/Ob in adolescents can serve as a useful exploratory tool that helps investigating the multi-faceted aetiology of adolescent Ow/Ob and facilitates the development of effective intervention and prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Habbab
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Al-Agha AE, Adam A, Almaghrabi A, Zainalabidin A, Ahmed HM, Almuwallad RA, Aljahdali SH, Alharbi S, Alhowig W. Influence of various environmental factors on the growth of children and adolescents in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:21-28. [PMID: 32191650 PMCID: PMC7569580 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.8500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the association between various environmental factors and the anthropometric measurements of children and adolescents. Methods: This retrospective studywasperformed from September 2017 to April 2018 and included 393 children aged 2-18 years. Data were extracted through patient and/or parentinterviews and from medical records of endocrine ambulatory clinics. Results: Among underweight children, the proportion of mixed-fed children was the highest, and among normal weight children, most were either bottle-fed or mixed-fed. Most overweight children were mixed-fed, and most obese children were breastfed. Underweight status was noted most commonly in children playing videogames for <2 hours/day, followed by those playing>4 and 2-4 hours/day. Normal weight was noted most commonly in those playing for >4 hours/day, followed by those playing <2 and 2-4 hours/day. Overweight status was noted most commonly in those playing videogames for >4 hours/day, followed by those playing 2-4 and <2 hours/day. Most children playing videogames for <2 hours/day were obese. Mean BMIs were the highest in those who exercised 1-2 times/week. P-values for the association between passive smoking indoors and BMI, weight, and height were 0.045, 0.150, and 0.854, respectively. Regarding socioeconomic status, log BMI values were 1.22, 1.23, and 1.26 in low-, medium-, and high-income families, respectively (P-value, 0.001). Conclusion: Children who were bottle-fed in their first year of life, played video games >2 hours/day, did not exercise regularly, were exposed to indoor passive smoking, and had a high socioeconomic status had a higher BMI and weight than their counterparts. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Al-Hanawi MK, Chirwa GC, Pemba LA, Qattan AMN. Does prolonged television viewing affect Body Mass Index? A case of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228321. [PMID: 31999775 PMCID: PMC6992187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity and their health implications is a major public health concern worldwide. This study set out to understand the relationship between the number of hours spent watching television and Body Mass Index (BMI) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using data from the Saudi Health Interview Survey. METHODS The study employed both ordinary least squares and quantile regressions to estimate the mean and distributional association of prolonged television watching and BMI. RESULTS The findings showed that prolonged television viewing is associated with larger BMI values. Additionally, the relationship was found to be greater towards the lower and upper tails of the BMI range and insignificant in the middle of the BMI distribution. Furthermore, the findings also showed that there is a gender gap in BMI levels, where females are likely to have higher BMI values than males. CONCLUSIONS The creation of more proactive recreational programs that can act as substitutes to television watching is recommended in order to reduce the amount of time that individuals spend watching television. It is also recommended that such interventions are tailored towards improving females' levels of physical activity. The inclusion of television programs aimed at encouraging physical exercise and healthy diets is also imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gowokani Chijere Chirwa
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- Economics Department, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | | | - Ameerah M. N. Qattan
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmed AE, Alanazi WR, ALMuqbil BI, AlJohi WA, AlRasheed BA, AlBuraikan DA, Ahmed RA. Impact of age on postoperative complications following bariatric surgery. Qatar Med J 2019; 2019:11. [PMID: 31819857 PMCID: PMC6883749 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2019.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The impact of age on complications following bariatric surgery remains unclear. Research is therefore warranted among previously unstudied populations of bariatric surgery patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of age on postoperative complications following bariatric surgery in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This retrospective study included 301 patients who underwent bariatric surgery between January 2011 and July 2016. Patients were classified into three groups according to age: < 25 years; 25–36 years; and >36 years. Primary outcomes were determined by identifying the number of complications reported during a period of 180 days. The negative binomial model was used to assess the relationship between age and the high rate of postoperative complications following adjustment for confounding variables. Results: The incidence of overall complications was 10.1% in the < 25-year age group, 15% in the 25–36-year age group, and 24.2% in the >36-year age group. After adjusting for confounding variables, it was discovered that the risk of postoperative complications increases with age. The risk was higher in the >36-year age group than in the >25-year age group [adjusted relative rate (aRR) = 2.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.046–5.290; p = 0.039]. Diabetes (aRR = 3.27), adjustable gastric bands (aRR = 3.40), and a more lengthy hospital stay (aRR = 1.23) were associated with increased rates of postoperative complications. Conclusion: Age is independently associated with a high rate of postoperative complications following bariatric surgery. The results showed that patients with diabetes, those using adjustable gastric bands, and those with longer length of hospital stay had significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications. These findings indicate the need for risk stratification tools to evaluate patients as candidates for bariatric surgery and to use as a guide for identifying optimal preoperative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar E Ahmed
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wala R Alanazi
- Al-Maarefa College for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayr I ALMuqbil
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wijdan A AlJohi
- General Surgery Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Budor A AlRasheed
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa A AlBuraikan
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Das Gupta R, Haider SS, Sutradhar I, Hashan MR, Sajal IH, Hasan M, Haider MR, Sarker M. Association of frequency of television watching with overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in India: Evidence from a nationally representative study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221758. [PMID: 31465465 PMCID: PMC6715273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For women of reproductive age, overweight and obesity are an established risk factor for several medical complications. To address the increasing rate of obesity in India through public health awareness programs, the association between common behaviors and overweight and obesity needs to be investigated. This study aims to determine whether there is any association between the frequency of television watching and overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in India. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that utilized data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), which utilized a nationally representative sample from all 29 states and 7 union territories of India. The survey itself followed a two-staged stratified random sampling technique. The primary outcome of interest was overweight (23.0 kg/m2 to <27.5 kg/m2) and obesity (≥27.5 kg/m2), measured by using the Asian body mass index cut-off. The major explanatory variable was the frequency of television watching, measured in days per week. Sample weight of NFHS-4 was adjusted during the analysis. Multilevel ordered logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors associated with overweight and obesity. To show the strength of association, both the unadjusted Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) were reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The analysis included weighted data from 644,006 Indian women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Among the respondents, 33.5% were overweight or obese (BMI ≥23.0 kg/m2). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with age (p-value <0.0001) and almost half of the women aged 35–49 years were either overweight or obese (48.6%). The prevalence was significantly higher among those living in an urban area compared to a rural area (urban 46.5% vs. rural 26.5%; p-value <0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with the frequency of watching television and was the highest among the individuals who reported watching television almost every day (p-value <0.0001). Women watching television almost every day had 24% (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.21–1.26; p-value <0.001) increased odds of being overweight and obese compared to their counterparts who never watched television. Conclusions This study found that the likelihood of being overweight and obese significantly increased with the frequency of watching television; likely due to physical inactivity during leisure time. Further studies should examine the physical activity and food habits of this target group. Public health promotion programs in India should raise awareness regarding the harmful effects of the sedentary lifestyle associated with watching television.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Das Gupta
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Science of Implementation & Scale-Up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shams Shabab Haider
- Centre for Science of Implementation & Scale-Up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ipsita Sutradhar
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Science of Implementation & Scale-Up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ibrahim Hossain Sajal
- Centre for Science of Implementation & Scale-Up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Science of Implementation & Scale-Up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rifat Haider
- Department of Social and Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Malabika Sarker
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Science of Implementation & Scale-Up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Karki A, Shrestha A, Subedi N. Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1055. [PMID: 31387571 PMCID: PMC6685156 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood overweight/obesity has become a major public health concern globally because of its adverse health consequences and escalating prevalence. The factors underlying the disease conditions manifested during adulthood commonly originate in childhood. Nepal is going through a transition where under-nutrition co-exists with obesity; however, there is a lack of well-documented information on childhood overweight or obesity in Nepal. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among urban primary school children. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to October of 2017. Behavioral data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire with parents of children aged 6-13 years old in grades 1-5 studying in private schools of Lalitpur district in Nepal. Study participants were selected using two-stage cluster random sampling from 10 private schools. Height and weight measurements of 575 children were taken and BMI-for-age-sex was calculated using WHO AnthroPlus. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Associated factors were examined using Chi-square tests followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The study found that out of 575 students, 107 (18.6%) were overweight and 41 (7.1%) were obese. Among 328 male children, 62 (19.0%) were overweight and 35 (10.6%) were obese. Likewise, among 247 female children, 45 (18.2%) were overweight and 6 (2.4%) were obese. Male children (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.38-3.53), children of mothers with a high school (aOR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.39-7.12) or university level of education (aOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.23-7.70) and children of mothers in a professional field (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.02-4.05) had a greater likelihood of being overweight/obese. Likewise, students consuming energy-dense less nutrient food (aOR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.66-5.12), lacking active travel to and from school (aOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.12-4.79) and those having sedentary behaviors (aOR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.20-7.29) were likely to be overweight/obese. CONCLUSIONS More than one-quarter of the children in urban Lalitpur were found to be overweight/obese. High junk food consumption and sedentary activity were found to be significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. School health and awareness programs aiming to reduce the intake of energy-dense foods and promote an active lifestyle including active transportation to school among children are imperative. Future studies to objectively measure the type and amount of food intake and physical activity of students are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Karki
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Archana Shrestha
- Department of Community Programs, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Narayan Subedi
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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AlSayyari A, AlBuhairan F. Relationship of media exposure to substance use among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: Results from a national study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 191:174-180. [PMID: 30121476 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With limited social options, young Saudis are increasingly relying on media for entertainment. The media impact has been greatest among the younger generation, which constitutes half of the population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, this study aims to examine the association between exposure to varied types of media and substance use among adolescents in the KSA and explores whether these associations differ by gender. METHODS Data were obtained from a national cross-sectional survey of school students aged ten to 19 years (N = 12121). A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess exposure to three types of media: television, the Internet and video games with the use of legal substances such as cigarette/shisha smoking, solvents sniffing and misuse of medications, and illegal substances, such as alcohol, marijuana and other illicit drugs. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds of using tobacco, legal and illegal substances were higher for students who were watching television, surfing the Internet, or playing video games for more than two hours compared with their peers who watched less than two hours (P < 0.05). For males, results showed the heavy and light use of the Internet were both significantly associated with smoking. Whereas for females, only excessive use of the Internet was associated with smoking. CONCLUSION Despite the conservative nature of the Saudi society, findings showed a significant association between tobacco or substance use and media exposure among adolescents. This suggests increased attention to the growing role media might play in shaping adolescents health risk behaviors in the KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa AlSayyari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Population Health Research Section-Hospital-MNGHA, Ali Al Arini, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh, 14611, KSA, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fadia AlBuhairan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, AlDara Hospital and Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Chowdhury MAB, Adnan MM, Hassan MZ. Trends, prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: a pooled analysis of five national cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018468. [PMID: 30030307 PMCID: PMC6059314 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the trends, prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age from 1999 to 2014. DESIGN We analysed nationally representative data from the 1999, 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2014 cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys. SETTING Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS Women aged 15-49 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME Overweight/obesity. RESULTS A total of 58 192 women were included in the analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age increased significantly from 7.53% (95% CI 6.83 to 8.29) and 1.82% (95% CI 1.48 to 2.24) in 1999 to 28.37% (95% CI 27.49 to 29.28) and 10.77% (95% CI 10.22 to 11.35) in 2014, respectively. Age, education, wealth index, watching television and contraceptive use were associated with overweight and obesity in both urban and rural areas. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity prevalence increased significantly among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age between 1999 and 2014. Development of effective low-cost strategies to address the increasing burden of obesity should be a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Mohiuddin Adnan
- Department of Data Science, School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Md Zakiul Hassan
- Programme for Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Alrahili NHR, Jadidy ES, Alahmadi BSH, Abdula'al MF, Jadidy AS, Alhusaini AA, Mojaddidi MA, Al-Barry MA. Prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among children aged 3-10 years in western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2018; 38:804-810. [PMID: 28762432 PMCID: PMC5556296 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.8.20412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors (URE) among children 3-10 years and to affirm the necessity of a national school-based visual screening program for school-aged children. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Medina, Saudi Arabia in 2015. Children were selected through a multistage stratified random sampling from 8 kindergarten and 8 primary schools. Those included were screened to diagnose UREs using a visual acuity chart and an auto refractometer according to American guidelines. The prevalence and types of UREs were estimated. Results: Of the 2121 children enumerated, 1893 were examined, yielding a response rate of 89.3%. The prevalence of UREs was 34.9% (95% CI = 32.8%-37.1%), with significant differences in different age groups. The prevalence of astigmatism (25.3%) was higher compared to that of anisometropia (7.4%), hypermetropia (1.5%), and myopia (0.7%). Risk of uncorrected refractive error was positively associated with age, and this was noted in astigmatism, myopia, and anisometropia. In addition, the risk of hypermetropia was associated with boys and that of myopia was associated with girls. Conclusions: The prevalence of UREs, particularly astigmatism, was high among children aged 3-10 years in Medina, with significant age differences. Vision screening programs targeting kindergarten and primary schoolchildren are crucial to lessen the risk of preventable visual impairment due to UREs.
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Wang H, Hu R, Zhong J, Du H, Fiona B, Wang M, Yu M. Binge drinking and associated factors among school students: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021077. [PMID: 29654047 PMCID: PMC5898305 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and correlating factors of binge drinking among middle and high school students in Zhejiang Province, China. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using data from a school-based survey. A total of 23 543 (response rate=97.5%) eligible adolescents from 442 different schools (including middle schools, academic high schools and vocational high schools) were asked to fill in an anonymous self-administered behaviour questionnaire between April and May 2017. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of sociodemographic and behavioural factors with binge drinking. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of participants was 15.6 (1.7) years and 51.3% were boys. The proportions of students from middle schools, academic high schools and vocational high schools were 51.9%, 27.5% and 20.6%, respectively. In total, 22.8% (95% CI 21.6 to 23.9) of students reported drinking alcohol in the past 30 days and 9.2% (95% CI 8.5 to 10.0) of students reported binge drinking (defined as drinking four or more alcoholic drinks in 1-2 hours period among girls and five or more alcoholic drinks among boys) during the past month. The prevalence of binge drinking was highest among vocational high school students (17.9% vs 6.3% and 7.7% among middle school and academic high school students, respectively). Older age, studying at high school, poor academic performance, higher levels of physical activity, excessive screen-time, loneliness, insomnia, previous suicide attempt, cigarette smoking, fighting, being bullied and sexual experience were found to be positively associated with adolescent binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS Binge drinking is common among middle and high school students in Zhejiang, China. Efforts to prevent binge drinking may need to address a cluster of sociodemographic and behavioural factors. Our findings provide information to enable healthcare providers to identify students at high-risk of binge drinking and to inform planning of intervention measures for at-risk students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruying Hu
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bragg Fiona
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Alazzeh AY, AlShammari EM, Smadi MM, Azzeh FS, AlShammari BT, Epuru S, Banu S, Bano R, Sulaiman S, Alcantara JC, Ashraf SA, Qiblawi S. Some Socioeconomic Factors and Lifestyle Habits Influencing the Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescent Male Students in the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018. [PMID: 29522445 PMCID: PMC5867498 DOI: 10.3390/children5030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the effect of some socioeconomic factors and lifestyle habits on the prevalence of obesity among adolescent male students in the Hail region, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was filled by 1495 male adolescents distributed among 12 schools in the Hail region. Body weight and height were taken, and the Z-score of students was measured using Anthroplus software with a cutoff 1–2 and +2 standard deviations to determine overweight and obesity, respectively. The study revealed that 21.3% of students were overweight and 27% were obese, respectively. There was a negative association between family size of >8 and obesity (OR: 0.68, CI: 0.48–0.92, p = 0.05). Family income of <5000 SR was negatively associated with obesity (OR: 0.59, CI: 0.36–0.97, p = 0.03). Whether a subject’s mother worked (odds ratio (OR): 1.43, confidence interval CI: 1.03–1.99, p = 0.03) as well as the subject’s mother’s education—whether she can read and write, has a middle school degree, or has done postsecondary studies—were positively associated with obesity. Exercise, regardless of the duration, was negatively associated with obesity. In addition, sleeping <6 h/day had a positive association with obesity. Conclusion: a >8 family size and a low family income were negatively associated with obesity, while having an educated and working mother was positively associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awfa Y Alazzeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eyad M AlShammari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Majdi M Smadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firas S Azzeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24231, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bandar T AlShammari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suneetha Epuru
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shahidah Banu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rafia Bano
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shadi Sulaiman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jerold C Alcantara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed A Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samir Qiblawi
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55462, Saudi Arabia.
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Shaban LH, Vaccaro JA, Sukhram SD, Huffman FG. Do mothers affect daughter's behaviors? Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors in Kuwaiti mother-daughter dyads. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 57:109-123. [PMID: 29278939 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1418337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate 169 Kuwaiti mother-daughter dyads and their associations with health behaviors for eating healthy, engaging in physical activity, daughters perceived body weight, time spent with computer/video, and time viewing television. Female students aged 10-14 years were selected from private and public schools in the State of Kuwait. Results demonstrated that daughters exhibited similar behaviors to their mothers in their perceived eating behavior, physical activity, computer/video game use, and TV screen time. Future research is essential to determine the role of mothers in effective health behavior intervention strategies for female Kuwaiti adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemia H Shaban
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Kuwait University , Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Joan A Vaccaro
- b Department of Dietetics and Nutrition , Florida International University , Miami, USA
| | - Shiryn D Sukhram
- c Department of Biology , College of Staten Island , New York, USA
| | - Fatma G Huffman
- b Department of Dietetics and Nutrition , Florida International University , Miami, USA
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Farrag NS, Cheskin LJ, Farag MK. A systematic review of childhood obesity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: Prevalence and risk factors meta-analysis. ADVANCES IN PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2017; 4:8. [PMID: 29354689 PMCID: PMC5773115 DOI: 10.12715/apr.2017.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity rates are rising globally, but there is evidence that young people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are at particularly high risk. We systematically searched the literature to map the MENA region for prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and examine the underlying risk factors and adverse effects associated with obesity in this region. Inclusion criteria were: English-language, non-basic-science focused articles that used any of the standard obesity definitions and were conducted in the MENA countries within the last five years. We searched PubMed using combinations of key terms ((childhood) OR adolescence) AND obesity) AND (MENA or each country) AND ("last five years" [PDat]). Studies demonstrated an increasing prevalence of obesity among many countries in the MENA region, especially in the Gulf area. Notably, in Kuwait, prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 25.6% and 34.8% among young males and 20.8% and 20.5% among females. A meta-analysis revealed that physical inactivity, increased screen time, and higher social status were risk factors for childhood obesity. Childhood and adolescent obesity is a major challenge facing countries of the MENA region. Further research is needed to fully investigate the role of nutrition and other specific risk factors and evaluate various interventions to manage this pervasive and growing health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine S. Farrag
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lawrence J. Cheskin
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, and Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed K. Farag
- Epidemiology Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Amer M, Arfaj GA, Alodhayani AA. Children's Physical Activity Awareness among Mothers in a Saudi Arabian Health Center. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:OC51-OC56. [PMID: 28511437 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25768.9602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical inactivity is a major contributor to the increasing levels of obesity and other serious medical conditions among children and adolescents worldwide. A major factor in this increase is lack of awareness of mothers' regarding the Physical Activity (PA) of their children. AIM The current study aimed to identify the degree of knowledge and awareness of Saudi mothers' regarding their children's physical activities, which will be useful for improving physical education, health programs, and eventually children's health care. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 342 mothers attending a vaccination clinic, well-baby, or women's health clinic participated in the study, in which questionnaire was used to assess the awareness regarding PA. RESULTS The majority of mothers agreed that they have a crucial role in motivating their children to engage in PA, but was not aware of current recommendations. CONCLUSION Awareness of Saudi mothers' regarding their children's PA was exceedingly low. Creating awareness of children's PA is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysah Amer
- Family Medicine Physician, Department of Family Medicne, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Al Arfaj
- Family Medicine Physician, Department of Family Medicne, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Alodhayani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicne and Community, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Farsi DJ, Elkhodary HM. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in high school adolescents in Jeddah and the association of obesity association with dental caries. Ann Saudi Med 2017; 37:114-121. [PMID: 28377540 PMCID: PMC6150552 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2017.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight/obesity in children in Saudi Arabia is among the highest in the world. The prevalence of dental caries is also high in Saudi children. Studies on the relationship between caries and obesity in Saudi adolescents are lacking. OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of overweight/obesity in adolescents, and determine any association between obesity and caries. DESIGN An analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING Private and public schools in Jeddah. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study sample comprised high school children from public and private schools selected by multistage stratified random sampling. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) were measured for all children, who were then classified as underweight/normal, overweight, or obese according to their BMI values, and nonobese or obese according to their WC values. The presence of caries was assessed using the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The prevalence of overweight/obesity and the association of obesity with the number of decayed permanent teeth. RESULTS 801 high school children (48% boys, 49% from public schools) with a mean (SD) age of 16.5 (0.9) years. When the BMI classification was used, 24%, 16%, and 60% adolescents were obese, overweight, and underweight/normal, respectively. When the WC classification was used, 19% and 81% were obese and nonobese, respectively. Obesity was more prevalent in boys and in students attending private schools (P < .05). The number of decayed permanent teeth showed a very weak and insignificant correlation with BMI and WC. CONCLUSION One in every four adolescents residing in Jeddah was obese, with a high obesity prevalence in boys and in children attending private schools. The prevalence of caries in the permanent dentition was not associated with BMI or WC. LIMITATIONS It was difficult to establish temporality in this cross-sectional study. Data on common risk factors were not adjusted for in the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema Jamil Farsi
- Dr. Deema Farsi, Department of Pediatric Dentistry,, King Abdulaziz University,, PO Box 17848, Jeddah 21494,, Saudi Arabia, T: +966126402000 Ext 20388, , http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-913X
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Al-Agha AE, Nizar FS, Nahhas AM. The association between body mass index and duration spent on electronic devices in children and adolescents in Western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2017; 37:436-9. [PMID: 27052287 PMCID: PMC4852022 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.4.15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the duration spent on electronic devices, and to assess the factors that can cause obesity among children. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 541 participants. Data was collected from March to June 2015 via ambulatory pediatric clinics in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The BMI standard deviation was calculated based on Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standards. Results: The mean age of the participants was 10.1 years. Children who spent ≥2 hours daily on electronic devices showed an increased BMI, and made up 68.4% of the sample. Conclusion: An increased BMI was more common among children who spent ≥2 hours daily on electronic devices. The relationship between BMI, reduced physical activity, and eating during television viewing was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmoein E Al-Agha
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Hammad SS, Berry DC. The Child Obesity Epidemic in Saudi Arabia: A Review of the Literature. J Transcult Nurs 2016; 28:505-515. [PMID: 27655934 DOI: 10.1177/1043659616668398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine prevalence, nutrition and activity, and overweight and obesity prevention and management in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis criteria, PubMed, Web of Science, PyschINFO, Global Health, Family Studies Worldwide, Middle Eastern Studies, and Sociological Abstracts was searched from January 1, 2003 to January 31, 2016. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles published in Arabic and English that focused on prevalence, overweight or obesity in children 2 to 20 years of age, body mass index percentile, and interventions. FINDINGS Three themes were identified: epidemiological features, where the eastern region had the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity, risk factors, which included higher parental education, and lifestyle factors, which included increased consumption of calorie-dense food and a sedentary lifestyle. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity is increasing in Saudi Arabia at an alarming rate. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Practitioners need to consider the cultural influences of the increasing obesity epidemic in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama S Hammad
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Diane C Berry
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, Chaput JP, Saunders TJ, Katzmarzyk PT, Okely AD, Connor Gorber S, Kho ME, Sampson M, Lee H, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:S240-65. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review is an update examining the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured sedentary behaviour and health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Medline were searched in December 2014, and date limits were imposed (≥February 2010). Included studies were peer-reviewed and met the a priori-determined population (apparently healthy children and youth, mean age: 5–17 years), intervention (durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), comparator (various durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), and outcome (critical: body composition, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, academic achievement; important: fitness, self-esteem) study criteria. Quality of evidence by outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative analysis was conducted. A total of 235 studies (194 unique samples) were included representing 1 657 064 unique participants from 71 different countries. Higher durations/frequencies of screen time and television (TV) viewing were associated with unfavourable body composition. Higher duration/frequency of TV viewing was also associated with higher clustered cardiometabolic risk scores. Higher durations of TV viewing and video game use were associated with unfavourable behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour. Higher durations of reading and doing homework were associated with higher academic achievement. Higher duration of screen time was associated with lower fitness. Higher durations of screen time and computer use were associated with lower self-esteem. Evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” quality. Higher quality studies using reliable and valid sedentary behaviour measures should confirm this largely observational evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Casey E. Gray
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Veronica J. Poitras
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- Applied Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | | | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Sarah Connor Gorber
- Office of the Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michelle E. Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Helena Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Wakayo T, Whiting SJ, Belachew T. Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Overweight and/or Obesity among Schoolchildren in Central Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:190. [PMID: 27043619 PMCID: PMC4848659 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescent obesity is an international public health problem leading to an increased risk of adulthood obesity, mortality and morbidity. Its prevalence is increasing in low-income populations, and we hypothesized it may be associated with vitamin D deficiency. Low vitamin D status is a worldwide public health issue including in Ethiopia; however, no one has examined overweight/obesity in Ethiopian schoolchildren with regard to vitamin D status. The Analyses of a data set from a school-based cross-sectional study conducted in Adama Town (n = 89) and in rural Adama Woreda (n = 85) was carried out to determine vitamin D deficiency and its association with overweight and/or obesity. Data on a total of 174 schoolchildren aged 11-18 years was used for these analyses. The overall prevalence of overweight and/or obesity was 10.3%, with 8.5% overweight and 2.3% obese; the prevalence of underweight was 19%. In the multivariable logistic regression model, vitamin D deficiency, being in the higher age group, female sex and urban residence of students, their mothers' occupation of being employed and their households' high and middle socioeconomic status were significantly associated with overweight and/or obesity. We concluded that vitamin D deficiency is an independent predictor significantly associated with overweight and/or obesity among schoolchildren from rural and urban settings in Ethiopia. The results imply the need for behavior change communications on the importance of exposure to sunlight to produce adequate vitamin D to curb this emerging health problem of overweight/obesity following economic growth and globalization in Ethiopia. As this study only highlighted the association, prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are required to establish causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolassa Wakayo
- College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Susan J Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Tefera Belachew
- College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
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Gordia AP, Quadros TMBD, Silva LR, Mota J. Cut-off values for step count and TV viewing time as discriminators of hyperglycaemia in Brazilian children and adolescents. Ann Hum Biol 2015; 43:423-9. [PMID: 26479698 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1096418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of step count and TV viewing time to discriminate youngsters with hyperglycaemia is still a matter of debate. AIM To establish cut-off values for step count and TV viewing time in children and adolescents using glycaemia as the reference criterion. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1044 schoolchildren aged 6-18 years from Northeastern Brazil. Daily step counts were assessed with a pedometer over 1 week and TV viewing time by self-report. RESULTS The area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.52-0.61 for step count and from 0.49-0.65 for TV viewing time. The daily step count with the highest discriminatory power for hyperglycaemia was 13 884 (sensitivity = 77.8; specificity = 51.8) for male children and 12 371 (sensitivity = 55.6; specificity = 55.5) and 11 292 (sensitivity = 57.7; specificity = 48.6) for female children and adolescents respectively. The cut-off for TV viewing time with the highest discriminatory capacity for hyperglycaemia was 3 hours/day (sensitivity = 57.7-77.8; specificity = 48.6-53.2). CONCLUSION This study represents the first step for the development of criteria based on cardiometabolic risk factors for step count and TV viewing time in youngsters. However, the present cut-off values have limited practical application because of their poor accuracy and low sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pinheiro Gordia
- a Physical Education Course, Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia , Amargosa , Bahia , Brazil .,b Faculty of Medicine , Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , Brazil , and.,c Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Teresa Maria Bianchini de Quadros
- a Physical Education Course, Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia , Amargosa , Bahia , Brazil .,b Faculty of Medicine , Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , Brazil , and.,c Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Luciana Rodrigues Silva
- b Faculty of Medicine , Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , Brazil , and
| | - Jorge Mota
- c Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Al-Othman S, Haoudi A, Alhomoud S, Alkhenizan A, Khoja T, Al-Zahrani A. Tackling cancer control in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:e246-57. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tebekaw Y, Teller C, Colón-Ramos U. The burden of underweight and overweight among women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1126. [PMID: 25361603 PMCID: PMC4228094 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight are rising worldwide while underweight rates persist in low-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine changes in the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity among non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years, and its socio-demographic correlates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS The data are from 2000, 2005 and 2011 nationally representative Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys in Addis Ababa. The dependent variable was women's nutritional status measured in terms of body mass index coded in binary outcomes to examine risk of being underweight (<18.5 kg/m2 vs. ≥18.5 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (>25 kg/m2 vs. ≤25 kg/m2). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the strength of associations. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased significantly by 28%; while underweight decreased by 21% between 2000 and 2011. Specifically, the prevalence of urban obesity increased by 43.3% i.e., from 3.0% to 4.3% in about 15 years. Overall, more than one-third (34.7%) of women in Addis Ababa were either under or overweight. Women's age and proxies for high socio-economic status (i.e. household wealth quintile, educational attainment, access to improved source of drinking water, and television watching) were positively associated with being overweight. The correlates of underweight were young age and proxies for low socio-economic status (i.e. low wealth quintile, limited access to improved source of water or toilet facility). CONCLUSIONS There is a need for policies to recognize the simultaneous public health problems of under and overnutrition, and for programs to target the distinct populations that suffer from these nutrition problems in this urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibeltal Tebekaw
- />World Health Organization, Juba, Republic of South Sudan
- />Lebu Area, Nifas Silk Lafto, P.O. Box 16536, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charles Teller
- />Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- />Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
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