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Myers KP, Temple JL. Translational science approaches for food insecurity research. Appetite 2024; 200:107513. [PMID: 38795946 PMCID: PMC11227396 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Food insecurity is a pervasive problem that impacts health and well-being across the lifespan. The human research linking food insecurity to poor metabolic and behavioral health outcomes is inherently correlational and suffers from a high degree of variability both between households and even within the same household over time. Further, food insecurity is impacted by societal and political factors that are largely out of the control of individuals, which narrows the range of intervention strategies. Animal models of food insecurity are being developed to address some of the barriers to mechanistic research. However, animal models are limited in their ability to consider some of the more complex societal elements of the human condition. We believe that understanding the role that food insecurity plays in ingestive behavior and chronic disease requires a truly translational approach, and that understanding the health impacts of this complex social phenomenon requires understanding both its psychological and physiological dimensions. This brief review will outline some key features of food insecurity, highlighting those that are amenable to investigation with controlled animal models and identifying areas where integrating animal and human studies can improve our understanding of the psychological burden and health impacts of food insecurity. In the interest of brevity, this review will largely focus on food insecurity in the United States, as the factors that contribute to food insecurity vary considerably across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Myers
- Department of Psychology, Animal Behavior & Neuroscience Programs, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Temple
- Departments of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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2
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Dhuliawala S, Payakachat N, Painter JT, Swindle T, Li C. Food Insecurity and Health Outcomes of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the United States. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 128:462-480. [PMID: 37875275 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-128.6.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to (a) provide nationally representative estimates of food insecurity (FI) among children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), and (b) determine the association between FI and four health outcomes (overall health, problem behavior, activities of daily living, functional limitations) in 5,657 children with IDD compared to 1:1 propensity score matched children without IDD. Mixed-effects ordered logistic regression models were used. Children with IDD were more likely to experience FI than children without IDD (43.3% vs. 30.0%, p < 0.001). FI and IDD were independently associated with worse scores on all four health outcomes. Having both FI and IDD further exacerbated the adverse impacts on these health outcomes. The association was stronger among children with moderate-to-severe FI than those with mild FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Dhuliawala
- Samina Dhuliawala, Nalin Payakachat, and Jacob T. Painter, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy
| | - Nalin Payakachat
- Samina Dhuliawala, Nalin Payakachat, and Jacob T. Painter, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy
| | - Jacob T Painter
- Samina Dhuliawala, Nalin Payakachat, and Jacob T. Painter, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy
| | - Taren Swindle
- Taren Swindle, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Chenghui Li
- Chenghui Li, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy
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3
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Zhou C, Miao H, Zhao Y, Wan X. Food insecurity increases the risk of overweight and chronic diseases in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Smith L, López Sánchez GF, Tully MA, Jacob L, Kostev K, Oh H, Butler L, Barnett Y, Shin JI, Koyanagi A. Temporal Trends in Food Insecurity (Hunger) among School-Going Adolescents from 31 Countries from Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Nutrients 2023; 15:3226. [PMID: 37513642 PMCID: PMC10385660 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Temporal trends of food insecurity among adolescents are largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine this trend among school-going adolescents aged 12-15 years from 31 countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. (2) Methods: Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003-2017 were analyzed in 193,388 students [mean (SD) age: 13.7 (1.0) years; 49.0% boys]. The prevalence and 95%CI of moderate (rarely/sometimes hungry), severe (most of the time/always hungry), and any (moderate or severe) food insecurity (past 30-day) was calculated for each survey. Crude linear trends in food insecurity were assessed by linear regression models. (3) Results: The mean prevalence of any food insecurity was 52.2% (moderate 46.5%; severe 5.7%). Significant increasing and decreasing trends of any food insecurity were found in seven countries each. A sizeable decrease and increase were observed in Benin (71.2% in 2009 to 49.2% in 2016) and Mauritius (25.0% in 2011 to 43.6% in 2017), respectively. Severe food insecurity increased in countries such as Vanuatu (4.9% in 2011 to 8.4% in 2016) and Mauritius (3.5% in 2011 to 8.2% in 2017). The rate of decrease was modest in most countries with a significant decreasing trend, while many countries with stable trends showed consistently high prevalence of food insecurity. (4) Conclusion: Global action is urgently required to address food insecurity among adolescents, as our data show that achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030 would be difficult without strong global commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Karel Kostev
- University Clinic of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Laurie Butler
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Cyrenne-Dussault M, Sirois M, St-Pierre J, Drouin-Chartier JP. Household food insecurity and changes in BMI z-score in a pediatric obesity management clinic. J Nutr 2023; 153:1323-1329. [PMID: 36963503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multicomponent lifestyle interventions are fundamental in pediatric obesity management. However, whether household food insecurity influences the efficacy of such interventions remains undocumented. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare changes in body mass index z-score (BMIz) among children whose family received lifestyle counseling at a pediatric obesity management clinic in Montreal (Canada) according to their household food security status. METHODS This is a retrospective, longitudinal analysis of medical records of children (2-17 years) with overweight or obesity who received lifestyle counseling at a pediatric obesity management clinic. The number of visits at the clinic and the duration of the follow-up were individualized. Household food security status was assessed using Health Canada's Household Food Security Survey Module at the first visit at the clinic. BMIz was calculated and updated at each visit. A reduction of ≥0.25 in BMIz between the last and the first visit at the clinic was considered clinically meaningful. Statistical significance was considered at P<0.05. RESULTS Among the 214 children included in the study, 83 (38.8%) lived in a food insecure household. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, differences in BMIz between the last and the first appointment tended to be smaller among children who lived in a food insecure household compared with those in a food secure household [ΔBMIzfood insecurity=-0.432 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.672, -0.193) vs ΔBMIzfood security=-0.556 (95% CI: -0.792, -0.319; P=0.14)]. Differences were most notable in the first 6 months of follow-up. The odds ratio of achieving a clinically significant reduction in BMIz over follow-up associated with household food insecurity, compared with household food security, was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.31, 1.05; P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS In this sample of children followed at a pediatric obesity clinic, those who lived in a food insecure household experienced smaller BMIz reductions compared with those who lived in a food secure household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cyrenne-Dussault
- NUTRISS (Nutrition, Health and Society) Research Center, Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Sirois
- Maison de Santé Prévention - Approche 180 de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Maison de Santé Prévention - Approche 180 de Montréal, QC, Canada;; Department of Paediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier
- NUTRISS (Nutrition, Health and Society) Research Center, Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada;.
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Liu H, Fu P, Zhang M, Zhou C. Coexistence of obesity and hunger in young adolescents: Evidence from the Global School-based Student Health Survey. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12952. [PMID: 35747991 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hunger and obesity among young adolescents are serious public health issues; however, the relationship between these issues in this demographic has yet to be examined. OBJECTIVE To determine whether both obesity and hunger coexist in young adolescents from a global perspective. METHODS We analysed data of 142 565 adolescents (age, 12-15 years) from 60 countries from the Global School-based Student Health Survey. RESULTS Total prevalence of moderate and severe hunger was 22.32% and 7.8%, respectively-with the highest in Africa (29.14% and 12.14%, respectively) and the lowest in the Americas (16.83% and 5.31%, respectively). The prevalence of obesity among adolescents with severe hunger was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.38) times the prevalence among those without hunger; however, this association varied across countries or regions. Moreover, the prevalence of obesity was 17% (95% CI: 1.04-1.29) higher in adolescent girls with moderate hunger in high-income countries, 91% (95% CI: 1.23-2.58) higher in adolescents with severe hunger in low-income countries and 54% (95% CI: 1.34-1.76) higher in lower middle-income countries compared to those without hunger. CONCLUSIONS Both obesity and hunger coexist in adolescent populations worldwide. Our findings emphasize the need for double-duty actions to simultaneously address burdens of hunger and obesity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Peipei Fu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Health Management, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Eskandari F, Lake AA, Rose K, Butler M, O'Malley C. A mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis of the influences of food environments and food insecurity on obesity in high-income countries. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3689-3723. [PMID: 36348796 PMCID: PMC9632201 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a serious public health concern in rich countries and the current obesogenic food environments and food insecurity are predictors of this disease. The impact of these variables on rising obesity trends is, however, mixed and inconsistent, due to measurement issues and cross-sectional study designs. To further the work in this area, this review aimed to summarize quantitative and qualitative data on the relationship between these variables, among adults and children across high-income countries. A mixed-method systematic review was conducted using 13 electronic databases, up to August 2021. Two authors independently extracted data and evaluated quality of publications. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for the association between food insecurity and obesity. Where statistical pooling for extracted statistics related to food environments was not possible due to heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was performed. Meta-analysis of 36,113 adults and children showed statistically significant associations between food insecurity and obesity (OR: 1.503, 95% confidence interval: 1.432-1.577, p < .05). Narrative synthesis showed association between different types of food environments and obesity. Findings from qualitative studies regarding a reliance on energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods owing to their affordability and accessibility aligned with findings from quantitative studies. Results from both qualitative and quantitative studies regarding the potential links between increased body weight and participation in food assistance programs such as food banks were supportive of weight gain. To address obesity among individuals experiencing food insecurity, wide-reaching approaches are required, especially among those surrounded by unhealthy food environments which could potentially influence food choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eskandari
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
- Fuse ‐ The Centre for Translational Research in Public HealthNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Amelia A. Lake
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
- Fuse ‐ The Centre for Translational Research in Public HealthNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Kelly Rose
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
- Fuse ‐ The Centre for Translational Research in Public HealthNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Mark Butler
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
| | - Claire O'Malley
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
- Fuse ‐ The Centre for Translational Research in Public HealthNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Ortiz-Marrón H, Ortiz-Pinto MA, Urtasun Lanza M, Cabañas Pujadas G, Valero Del Pino V, Belmonte Cortés S, Gómez Gascón T, Ordobás Gavín M. Household food insecurity and its association with overweight and obesity in children aged 2 to 14 years. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1930. [PMID: 36253730 PMCID: PMC9578200 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to estimate the prevalence of household food insecurity (HFI) depending on sociodemographic factors and its association with lifestyle habits and childhood overweight and obesity. METHODS Data was collected from 1,938 children aged 2 to 14 years who participated in the "Study about Malnutrition" of the Community of Madrid. Weight and height were obtained through physical examination. Body mass index was calculated as weight/height2 (kg/m2) and the criteria of the WHO were used for determining conditions of overweight and obesity. The participants' parents answered a structured questionnaire about their diet, lifestyle (physical activity and screen time), and food insecurity. The diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index in Spain and food insecurity, defined as the lack of consistent access to sufficient food for a healthy life, was measured via three screening questions and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Odds Ratios (ORs) and Relative Risk Ratios (RRRs) were estimated using logistic regression models and adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HFI was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.6‒9.0), with lower values in children 2 to 4 years old (5.7%, 95% CI: 4.0‒8.1) and significantly higher values in households with low family purchasing power [37.3%; OR: 8.99 (95% CI: 5.5‒14.6)]. A higher prevalence of overweight (33.1%) and obesity (28.4%) was observed in children from families with HFI, who presented a lower quality diet and longer screen time compared to those from food-secure households (21.0% and 11.5%, respectively). The RRR of children in families with HFI relative to those from food-secure households was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.5‒4.0) for overweight and 1.99 (95% CI: 1.2‒3.4) for obesity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HFI was high in the paediatric population, especially in households with low family purchasing power. HFI was associated with lower diet quality and higher prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. Our results suggest the need for paediatric services to detect at-risk households at an early stage to avoid this dual burden of child malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorato Ortiz-Marrón
- Epidemiology Service. General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Health, Community of Madrid, C/ San Martín de Porres nº 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maira Alejandra Ortiz-Pinto
- Epidemiology Service. General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Health, Community of Madrid, C/ San Martín de Porres nº 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Urtasun Lanza
- Group of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,APLICA Cooperative, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Cabañas Pujadas
- Epidemiology Service. General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Health, Community of Madrid, C/ San Martín de Porres nº 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valero Del Pino
- Epidemiology Service. General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Health, Community of Madrid, C/ San Martín de Porres nº 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Belmonte Cortés
- Nutrition Service, Department of Health, Community of Madrid, General Directorate of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Gómez Gascón
- Foundation for Biosanitary Research and Innovation in Primary Care ES Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain Faculty of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ordobás Gavín
- Epidemiology Service. General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Health, Community of Madrid, C/ San Martín de Porres nº 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain
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Mohr AE, Jasbi P, Vander Wyst KB, van Woerden I, Shi X, Gu H, Whisner CM, Bruening M. Association of food insecurity on gut microbiome and metabolome profiles in a diverse college-based sample. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14358. [PMID: 35999348 PMCID: PMC9399224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voluntary caloric restriction (e.g., eating disorders) often results in alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function. However, these findings may not translate to food insecurity, where an individual experiences inconsistent access to healthy food options. In this study we compared the fecal microbiome and metabolome of racially and ethnically diverse first year college students (n = 60) experiencing different levels of food access. Students were dichotomized into food secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) groups using a validated, 2-question screener assessing food security status over the previous 30 days. Fecal samples were collected up to 5 days post survey-completion. Gut microbiome and metabolome were established using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. FI students experienced significantly greater microbial diversity with increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Eisenbergiella, while FS students had greater abundance of Megasphaera and Holdemanella. Metabolites related to energy transfer and gut–brain-axis communication (picolinic acid, phosphocreatine, 2-pyrrolidinone) were elevated in FI students (q < 0.05). These findings suggest that food insecurity is associated with differential gut microbial and metabolite composition for which the future implications are unknown. Further work is needed to elucidate the longitudinal metabolic effects of food insecurity and how gut microbes influence metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Irene van Woerden
- Community and Public Health, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA. .,Biodesign Institute Health Through Microbiomes Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Meg Bruening
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Cyrenne-Dussault M, Sirois M, St-Pierre J, Drouin-Chartier JP. Food insecurity in households of children receiving care at a paediatric obesity management clinic in Montreal: Overall prevalence and changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Paediatr Child Health 2022; 27:396-402. [PMCID: PMC9384639 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Food insecurity and paediatric obesity are two major public health issues in Canada that may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed food insecurity and its correlates among households of children receiving care at a paediatric obesity management clinic in Montreal. We also assessed whether the prevalence of food insecurity among households of children who received care during the COVID-19 pandemic differed from those who received care before it. Methods This is a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of medical records of children (2 to 17 years) who received care at a paediatric obesity management clinic in Montreal (Maison de santé prévention – Approche 180 [MSP-180]). Children’s household food security status was assessed using Health Canada’s Household Food Security Survey Module. Results Among the 253 children included in the study, 102 (40.3%) lived in households with moderate (n=89; 35.2%) or severe food insecurity (n=13; 5.1%). Food insecurity was more prevalent in households of children who were first- or second-generation immigrants compared with those who were third generation or more (48.3% versus 30.1%; P=0.03). Prevalence of food insecurity among households of children who received care during the COVID-19 pandemic was 5.5% higher than among those who received care before the pandemic, but the difference was not statistically significant (39.6% versus 45.1%; P=0.65). Conclusions Forty per cent of children treated at this paediatric obesity clinic lived in a food insecure household. This prevalence may have increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, but statistical power was insufficient to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cyrenne-Dussault
- NUTRISS (Nutrition, Health and Society) Research Center, Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Maude Sirois
- Maison de Santé Prévention - Approche 180 de Montréal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Maison de Santé Prévention - Approche 180 de Montréal, Quebec , Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier
- NUTRISS (Nutrition, Health and Society) Research Center, Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
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Badri-Fariman M, Naeini AA, Mirzaei K, Moeini A, Hosseini M, Bagheri SE, Daneshi-Maskooni M. Association between the food security status and dietary patterns with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in overweight and obese Iranian women: a case-control study. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:134. [PMID: 34645502 PMCID: PMC8515721 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as one of the significant endocrine disorders, is common among women worldwide. Food insecurity (FI) and unhealthy dietary patterns can negatively affect reproductive health. The effects of the lifestyle modifications, especially dietary components, on PCOS are contradictory. The aim was the assessment of association between PCOS with food security status and dietary patterns among overweight or obese women. Methods This case-control study was performed on 240 overweight and obese women with and without PCOS (ratio 1:1) referred to the infertility clinic of Arash Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The general and socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometrics (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference), physical activity, food security status, and dietary intakes (or patterns) were assessed using valid questionnaires, scales, stadiometer, and tape meter. The significant p-value was < 0.05. Results The prevalence of FI was 60% in women with PCOS and 30% in healthy women. PCOS risk was positively related to FI, quasi-western dietary patterns, low economic levels, waist circumference, and menstrual age and negatively with physical activity and healthy dietary patterns, even after controlling the potential confounders (P < 0.05). PCOS women had a higher intake of saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, oleic acid, fluorine, sucrose, and caffeine and a lower intake of vitamins A, B5, B6, B12, C, and D, potassium, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterols, docosahexaenoic acid, potassium, carotenes, lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, tetra- and dihydrofolate, biotin, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, fiber (total, insoluble, and crude), glucose, galactose, fructose, and lactose compared to the healthy women (P < 0.05). Conclusions FI, quasi-western dietary patterns, low economic levels, and waist circumference were significantly associated with the higher risk of PCOS. The lifestyle changes, especially dietary patterns, may be an essential strategy for reducing PCOS. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Badri-Fariman
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moeini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Milad Daneshi-Maskooni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.
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Food Insecurity and its Impact on Body Weight, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mental Health. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2021; 15:15. [PMID: 34249217 PMCID: PMC8255162 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-021-00679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Food insecurity (FI) is a serious public health issue affecting 2 billion people worldwide. FI is associated with increased risk for multiple chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health. We selected these four chronic diseases given their global prevalence and comorbid associations with each other. We evaluated the most recent literature published over the past 5 years and offer strategies for the screening of FI. Recent Findings Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses report an association between FI and obesity in adult women as well as adult men and women living in low- and middle-income countries. Gender differences also were observed between FI and type 2 diabetes, such that adult women showed an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. This association was influenced by social determinants of health. Very low food security (i.e., high FI) was associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and a higher risk for cardiovascular disease mortality. Finally, several studies showed an association between FI and adverse mental health outcomes, including increased risk for stress, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and suicidal ideation. Summary FI and its negative association with body weight, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health provide a compelling rationale for identification of FI in clinical settings. Brief, well-validated screening measures are available in multiple languages. Despite the need for FI screening, many guidelines do not address its implementation. For this reason, more research and targeted interventions are needed to increase FI screening rates and close the loop in the coordination of resources.
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Ashoori M, Omidvar N, Eini-Zinab H, Shakibazadeh E, Doustmohamadian A, Abdar-Esfahani B, Mazandaranian M. Food and nutrition literacy status and its correlates in Iranian senior high-school students. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:19. [PMID: 34082827 PMCID: PMC8176697 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Planning interventions to promote food and nutrition literacy (FNL) require a better understanding of the FNL status of the target group and its correlates. Aims This study aimed to examine the FNL status and its determinants in Iranian senior high-school students. Methods In this cross-sectional study, FNL and its components (food and nutrition knowledge, functional skills, interactive skills, advocacy, critical analysis of information, and food label reading skill) were evaluated by a locally designed and validated, self-administered questionnaire. Besides, socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric measures, as well as academic performance of 626 senior high-school students were assessed. Results The mean ± SD of the total FNL score (within potential range of 0 to 100) was 52.1 ± 10.96, which is below the minimum adequate level of 60. The probability of high FNL knowledge score was significantly higher among students who majored in Natural Sciences (OR = 1.73, CI = 1.09–2.75), had better school performance (OR = 1.13, CI = 1.06–1.20) and higher SES score (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.01–1.44). The score for food label reading was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.45, CI = 0.31–0.67), while those who had a family member with the nutrition-related disease were more likely to have a higher score of food label reading skill (OR = 1.48, CI = 1.01–1.64). Conclusion The level of FNL in senior high-school students in Tehran was relatively low. These findings have key messages for the education system and curriculum designers to have more consideration for food and nutrition-related knowledge and skills in schools. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-021-00426-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Ashoori
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan St. Farahzadi Blvd., Sharake Qods, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Eini-Zinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan St. Farahzadi Blvd., Sharake Qods, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shakibazadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Doustmohamadian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abdar-Esfahani
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan St. Farahzadi Blvd., Sharake Qods, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazandaranian
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan St. Farahzadi Blvd., Sharake Qods, Tehran, Iran
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