1
|
Parmar A, Pal A. Advocating for the inclusion of therapeutic drug monitoring in the national essential diagnostic list: Perspectives from psychiatrists. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:660-664. [PMID: 39257509 PMCID: PMC11382748 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_330_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
India published its first edition of the National Essential Diagnostics List in 2019. The list depicts the list of diagnostic tests that can ensure affordable and quality healthcare delivery by removing barriers toward accessibility and reducing out-of-pocket expenditure. In 2024, the Indian Council of Medical Research has invited suggestions for revision of the list. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been a promising modality and has been useful for a range of indications like monitoring medication adherence, diagnosing suboptimal treatment, detecting drug interactions, and guiding initiation or withdrawal of therapy. In this article, the authors make a case for inclusion of TDM for certain psychotropic drugs like lithium, sodium valproate, carbamazepine, and clozapine at the district hospital level. The authors have tried to justify the inclusion backed by recent evolving evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Parmar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arghya Pal
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shakya P, Jangra J, Rao R, Mishra AK, Bhad R. Assessment of treatment retention rates and predictors of retention on opioid agonist treatment among adolescents. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38884374 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is an effective treatment for opioid dependence syndrome in adults. However, studies on effectiveness of OAT in adolescents are limited; existing studies show varying retention rates. The present study aimed to assess OAT retention rates in adolescent patients with opioid dependence syndrome registered in a community drug treatment clinic in Delhi, India, and to analyse factors associated with retention at 1 year. METHODS Retrospective cohort study. All adolescents (n = 130) aged 10-19 years, started on OAT from January 2020 to July 2022 were included. Baseline and follow-up data was extracted from online record system maintained at the clinic. OAT retention rates at different timepoints were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to discern factors associated with one-year retention. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 16.9 (SD 1.4) years. Mean age of starting opioids was 14.9 (SD 2.2) years; 29.5% (n = 38) injected opioids. The 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month retention rate on OAT was 64.4%, 45.6%, 38.7% and 29% respectively. The retention rates with buprenorphine and methadone were comparable. Multivariate logistic regression showed retention for less than 12 months to be significantly associated with younger age of starting heroin, involvement in illegal activities, absenteeism from school and substance use in family. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The 12-month retention rates on OAT in adolescents is comparable to retention rates in adults. Various factors associated with early age of onset of opioid use are also associated with lower retention rates on OAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shakya
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaswant Jangra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Rao
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Roshan Bhad
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhakta M, Satapathy DM, Padhy M, Dalai S, Panda JN, Marandi P, Svn S, Pattnaik A. Assessing the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in the Urban Areas of Ankuli in Southern Odisha. Cureus 2024; 16:e61503. [PMID: 38952605 PMCID: PMC11216125 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that happen in some women after giving birth. Objectives The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of PPD using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and evaluate the predisposing factors for PPD. Methodology The present observational study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, Odisha, India from May 2022 to November 2022. Using the EPDS, participants were assessed for postnatal depression. Every subject additionally filled out a risk factor questionnaire covering important sociodemographic and obstetric parameters. The prevalence of an EPDS score of 12 or above is the primary outcome measure. Results The study encompassed 121 mothers, with 8.26% scoring above the depression cutoff of 12 and 6.61% falling within the borderline range. Notably, all mothers surpassing the cutoff were from joint families, contrasting with those from nuclear families. A predominant portion of the depressive group was in their 20s, while the borderline group primarily consisted of mothers in their 30s. Urban residency and government hospital care were universal among the samples. Mode of delivery showed significance, with a higher prevalence of PPD observed among those who underwent a lower segment cesarean section. Additionally, maternal age, anemia, mode of delivery, educational status, adverse life events, and lack of partner support significantly correlated with depression scores. Notably, maternal age emerged as the most influential factor, followed by anemia and mode of delivery. Spearman correlation analysis revealed moderate negative associations between various aspects of maternal depression and the ages of their babies, indicating that younger infants were associated with greater maternal distress. However, the correlation between feeling sad or miserable and the baby's age was negligible. These findings emphasize the multifaceted nature of PPD, highlighting the interplay between sociodemographic factors, maternal well-being, and infant age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Bhakta
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Durga M Satapathy
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Manisha Padhy
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Sithal Dalai
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Jasmin N Panda
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Pramila Marandi
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Swamy Svn
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Amita Pattnaik
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biswas MM, Das KC, Sheikh I. Psychological implications of unemployment among higher educated migrant youth in Kolkata City, India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10171. [PMID: 38702409 PMCID: PMC11068866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental health issues are intricately linked to socioeconomic background, employment and migration status. However, there remains a gap in understanding the mental health challenges faced by graduate youth in India, particularly in Kolkata City. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among higher-educated migrant youth. A survey was conducted on four hundred migrant graduate youths aged 21-35 residing in Kolkata. Measures included socio-demographics and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with mental health issues. The overall prevalence rates were 54.4% for depression, 61.8% for anxiety, and 47.9% for stress. Unemployed youths exhibited significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than their employed counter parts. The logistic regression model showed that unemployed youth, female sex, never married, and second- and third-time migrant youths were risk factors for high scores on the DASS-21. This study showed that mental health issues were alarming in the higher educated migrant youth. The study suggests the implementation of skill-based, job-oriented, and professional courses at the graduation level to prevent graduates from being rendered unproductive and jobless. Beside these, regular psychological support should be provided to the higher educated youth by the local governments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohai Menul Biswas
- Department of Migration and Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Kailas Chandra Das
- Department of Migration and Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Illias Sheikh
- Department of Extra Mural Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Balamurugan G, Sevak S, Gurung K, Vijayarani M. Mental Health Issues Among School Children and Adolescents in India: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e61035. [PMID: 38916009 PMCID: PMC11194636 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are critical developmental stages for mental health, and the environment in which they grow has an impact on their well-being and growth. This study aims to assess mental health issues among school children and adolescents in India. A systematic search was conducted on the literature published between January 2013 and August 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Eric database. Thirty-one studies with a sample size of 30,970 were included in the final quantitative synthesis, of which 14,381 were male. The overall mean age of the school children and adolescents was 14.58 years, with a standard deviation of 1.35. A diverse range of mental health concerns have been documented in school children and adolescents, exhibiting differing degrees of severity and frequency. The analysis showed that depression was the most prevalent mental health issue among children, followed by social, behavioral, and emotional problems, anxiety, psychological distress, internet technology addiction, stress, social phobia, sexual and emotional abuse, violence, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. The study concludes that school mental health research in India is critical for personalizing interventions to the specific requirements of the diverse student population, decreasing stigma, and enhancing overall student well-being within the cultural and educational context of the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Balamurugan
- Psychiatric Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, IND
| | - Sanjay Sevak
- Mental Health Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Kusum Gurung
- Mental Health Nursing, Ramaiah Institute of Nursing Education and Research, Bengaluru, IND
| | - M Vijayarani
- Psychiatric Nursing, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) College of Nursing, Bengaluru, IND
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Padmanabhan A, Prabhu PB, Vidyadharan V, Tharayil HM. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Patients with Schizophrenia and Its Relation with Cognitive Impairment. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:238-244. [PMID: 38699767 PMCID: PMC11062300 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231223311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a chronic severe mental illness with heterogeneous clinical presentation, course, and outcome. Cognitive impairment is one of its core features. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) imaging using OCT (optical coherence tomography) could provide easy access for in vivo imaging of the retina, rendering it as a "window to the brain." Studies done on schizophrenia have shown RNFL thinning. This study attempts to look into the association between cognitive impairment, disease duration, and RNFL abnormality in patients with schizophrenia using OCT. Methods Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia meeting DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria and who were confirmed to be in remission for at least six months clinically and scoring less than three on PANSS-8 (positive and negative symptom scale-8) remission scale were included. They were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) for cognitive assessment. RNFL measures were taken using spectral domain-OCT. Variables were compared using Pearson's correlation test, one-way ANOVA test, and independent t-test as appropriate. Results A total of 36 patients were studied. MoCA scores and RNFL thickness showed a positive correlation. Patients with schizophrenia had reduced average RNFL thickness and reduced RNFL thickness in superior, inferior, and temporal quadrants. Average RNFL thickness, Superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thickness showed a positive correlation with MoCA scores. No correlation was obtained between macular volume, macular thickness, duration of illness, and MoCA scores. Conclusion Patients with schizophrenia have reduced average RNFL thickness. Patients with low MoCA scores have RNFL thinning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Padmanabhan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Padma B. Prabhu
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Varsha Vidyadharan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Harish M. Tharayil
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shakya P, Sood M, Mathur R, Prajapati N, Patil V. Pathways to care and barriers in treatment among patients with Dissociative disorders. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 95:104000. [PMID: 38507864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dissociative disorder patients often present with sudden and embarrassing symptoms, and it is difficult for the patient and care giver to understand initially, recognize the need for help and reach for appropriate treatment timely. This can result in high risk of engaging in dangerous behaviors such as self-harm and suicidal acts, impaired global functioning, and poor quality of life. Knowledge about the types of barriers which are there in treatment seeking, can help in planning strategies for their removal and to facilitate the treatment process. METHODS Cross-sectional study among patients (n=133) with Dissociative disorders which were recruited from January 2023 to June 2023 in a tertiary care hospital. Pathways to care and barriers in treatment for Dissociative disorders were assessed by interviewing patients using semi-structured proforma. The Dissociative Experience Scale and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0)) were used to assess disease severity and impact of illness on various domains of life respectively. Group comparison was made to assess differences in social- clinical profile of patients choosing different modalities of treatment. RESULTS 133 patients of Dissociative disorders with mean age 29.6±9.2, showed their first-choice of help seeking from general practitioner/ neurologist (40.6%), traditional faith healers (35.3%), psychiatrist (18.1%) and 5.2% preferred alternative treatments. This trend changed with 2nd and 3rd contact of help seeking with greater preference for psychiatrist in their 2nd (n=45, 33.8%) and 3rd (n=69, 51.8%) contact. The median duration of untreated illness was 56 weeks (IQR 24-182 weeks). Social-clinical profile of patients varied with their choice of treatment, having lower education level (P = 0.013), longer duration of untreated illness (p=0.003), more severity of symptoms (p=0.032) and greater disability scores(p=0.002) in patients whose first treatment choice was traditional faith healers. More than 70% patients faced availability barriers, stigma, unawareness about mental illness and influence of others in treatment of choice as barriers in initiating and continuing treatment. CONCLUSION Patients with Dissociative disorders seek treatment from a multitude of healthcare providers including traditional faith healers, general physicians, and alternative medicine practitioners before reaching psychiatrist and undergoes various barriers in treatment. There is need to implement necessary measures for sensitization and awareness about Dissociative disorders to prevent prolonged and undue delays in initiation of appropriate management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shakya
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mamta Sood
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rahul Mathur
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nisha Prajapati
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vaibhav Patil
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Narula S, Pal A, Reddy MS, Mahajan SL. Research on clinical aspects of bipolar disorder: A review of Indian studies. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:421-432. [PMID: 38919568 PMCID: PMC11195747 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_698_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder is one of the severe mental disorders that are associated with significant morbidity of the patients. Despite advancements in our understanding about the disorder, it remains a challenging proposition to treat bipolar disorder, largely since the prophylactic treatment of the disorder requires assessment of complex clinical algorithms. The revisions of the classificatory systems have also changed the conceptualization of the disorder. In this background, we conducted a review of the Indian studies conducted on the clinical aspects of bipolar disorder. Methods A narrative review was conducted with focus on the literature published from India. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and articles published over the last 15 years by Indian authors were included for this review. Results In our review, we could access a substantial volume of research published from India. We could identify studies that catered to most of the relevant themes in bipolar disorder including epidemiology, etiology, comorbidities, stigma, disability, clinical course, cognitive profile, pathways to care, and recovery. Conclusion The research trajectory was in line with the research conducted elsewhere in the world. However, certain dissimilarities in terms of focus could also be observed. The possible reason behind this deviation could be the difference in clinical need and unique challenges faced in the management and rehabilitation of patients in bipolar disorder in Indian scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Narula
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Educations and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arghya Pal
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - MS Reddy
- Consultant Psychiatrist, ASHA Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sudhir L. Mahajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Panda UK, Sahoo SS, Samantaray S. "Harm reduction approach for tuberculosis and substance use disorders: A review of approaches and implications in the Indian context". Indian J Tuberc 2024; 71:219-224. [PMID: 38589127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
There are limitations to traditional treatment approaches in addressing the needs of individuals with dual comorbidity of TB and SUD. The concept of harm reduction as a distinct approach to addressing substance use, focusing on minimising the negative consequences associated with it rather than advocating for complete abstinence. Different harm reduction strategies, such as opioid substitution therapy, needle and syringe programmes, testing for viral infections etc. have been effectively employed for SUDs in past. Similarly, TB risk minimization approaches like improving housing and nutrition and focused testing strategies are considered as harm reduction strategies for TB management. The relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and substance use disorders (SUDs) involves a complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors. It is crucial to prioritise integrated and closely monitored care in order to address the treatment challenges and potential drug interactions that may arise. In light of the acknowledged challenges like limited awareness, infrastructure, drug resistance, and stigma, it is imperative to explore potential avenues for the implementation of harm reduction strategies targeting individuals with comorbid TB and SUD in India. Potential strategies for addressing the issue includes a range of measures, such as augmenting investments in healthcare, integrating policies, tackling social determinants, and establishing shared platforms for psychosocial rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udit Kumar Panda
- Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Soumya Swaroop Sahoo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Swayanka Samantaray
- Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kochhar SS, Mishra AK, Chadda RK, Sood M, Bhargava R. Psychosocial Correlates of the Experience of Caregiving Among Caregivers of Patients With Schizophrenia. Cureus 2024; 16:e58531. [PMID: 38638176 PMCID: PMC11025580 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family caregivers provide essential support to their loved ones with schizophrenia with profound outcomes for themselves. The caregiver burden fails to consider the entire caregiving experience, which also incorporates positive aspects of caring. Many potentially significant variables are associated with this. AIM To examine the correlates of the experience of caregiving in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The specific objectives were to examine the socio-demographic variables of the patients and caregivers, clinical variables of the patient, caregivers' knowledge of illness, caregivers' perspectives of family functioning, caregiver coping, their social support, psychological distress, quality of life, and their spirituality, religiosity and personal beliefs and the associations of these variables with the caregivers' experience of caregiving. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was conducted between August 2018 and January 2021 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. One hundred and fifty-eight dyads of patients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers were recruited using purposive sampling. Experience of Caregiving Inventory was used to evaluate the caregiving experience. The caregivers were also assessed on socio-demographics, knowledge of illness, family functioning, coping, social support, general mental health, quality of life, and spiritual, religious, and personal beliefs. Patient socio-demographics and clinical variables were also assessed. RESULTS A negative experience of caregiving was reported by caregivers of patients who had higher positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Impaired Communication, Roles, Affective Responsiveness, Affective Involvement, and General Functioning aspects of family functioning were associated with a negative experience of caregiving. Denial/blame and seeking social support as coping were also associated with a negative experience of caregiving. A negative experience of caregiving was significantly positively correlated with greater psychological distress and poorer quality of life. Greater inner peace was associated with a less negative experience of caregiving. Spiritual strength was associated with a more positive experience of caregiving. Knowledge of mental illness and caregiver social support were not significantly associated with the experience of caregiving. CONCLUSION Experience of caregiving is a relevant construct, the understanding of which can help inform caregiver-directed interventions in the future. Specifically, family-based interventions, which include ameliorating patient symptomatology, improving the family environment, strengthening caregivers' coping strategies, attending to caregiver distress, and encouraging spirituality among caregivers, may lead to a less negative and more positive experience of caregiving; and a better quality of life for caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanimar S Kochhar
- Clinical Psychology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Ashwani K Mishra
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Mamta Sood
- Psychiatry, AIl India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Rachna Bhargava
- Clinical Psychology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Contractor AA, Almeida IM, Fentem A, Griffith EL, Kaur G, Slavish DC. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances Among Asian Indians: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1468-1483. [PMID: 37427484 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231184207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Substantial comorbidity exists between posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep disturbances/disorders. Such comorbidities are understudied in minority groups, including Asian Indians residing in countries outside India. Thus, we synthesized the existing literature specific to this group of Asian Indians to determine (a) prevalence estimates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep disturbances/disorders; and (b) PTSD-sleep comorbidity estimates. For this systematic review, we searched four databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, PTSDpubs, Web of Science) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of 3,796 screened articles, 9 articles (10 studies) met inclusion criteria. Study sample sizes ranged from 11 to 2,112 Asian Indians; studies were conducted in Singapore or Malaysia. No reviewed study examined PTSD. All studies examined sleep disturbances/disorders among Asian Indians; prevalence estimates were: 8.3% to 70.4% for short sleep duration, 2.0% to 22.9% for long sleep duration, 25.9% to 56.3% for poor sleep quality, 3.4% to 67.5% for insomnia diagnosis or probable insomnia, 7.7% for excessive daytime sleepiness, 3.8% to 54.6% for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis or high OSA risk, and 5.1% to 11.1% for sleep-disordered breathing. Specific to Asian Indians residing in countries outside India, this review advances PTSD-sleep literature by (a) suggesting substantial prevalence of sleep disturbances/disorders; (b) highlighting the need for culturally relevant sleep interventions; and (c) highlighting research gaps (e.g., no PTSD-focused research).
Collapse
|
12
|
Karunakaran A, Prabhakaran A, Karunakaran V, Michael JP. Erectile Dysfunction in Alcohol Use Disorder and the change in erectile function after one month of abstinence. J Addict Dis 2024; 42:112-121. [PMID: 36606722 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2157199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between alcohol use and erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been explored adequately. The aim of this study is (i) to determine the prevalence of ED in patients with Alcohol use disorder (AUD), (ii) the association of ED with sociodemographic and clinical variables, (iii) the association between severity of drinking and sociodemographic and clinical variables, and (iv) the assess the change in ED after one month of abstinence from alcohol. METHODS 203 consecutive patients were recruited into the study after taking written informed consent. Sociodemographic data was collected using a proforma and ED was assessed using International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). The patients were also followed up after 1 month of abstinence to assess the change in erectile function. RESULTS The prevalence of ED was 68.5%. Out of the 203 subjects, 28.1% had mild ED, 24.1% had mild to moderate ED, 9.9% had moderate ED and 6.4% had severe ED. Significant association were seen between ED and age, marital status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, total duration, and severity of drinking. A significant association was seen between severity of drinking and age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, alcoholic liver disease, tobacco use and duration of drinking. The improvement in ED after 1 month abstinence was found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS ED is a common problem in patients with AUD. Routine assessment of sexual functioning is warranted in patients with AUD and the information that ED improves with abstinence can provide an impetus to change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Karunakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anil Prabhakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vallath AL, Sivasubramanian BP, Ravikumar DB, Lalendran A, Krishnan S, Samanta S, Banerjee S, Das T, Kundu R, Richharia V, More R, Khithani M, Nazimudeen S, Gunturu S, Dasgupta I. The importance of rapid assessment tools in evaluating mental health in emergency departments among patients with chronic diseases. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1258749. [PMID: 38496389 PMCID: PMC10940474 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1258749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid screening tools such as the WHO well-being Index (WWBI), Six-item screener (SIS), and the CLOX-1 test can be used to assess overall mental health and cognition, respectively. We sought to evaluate mental health with cognition in individuals with chronic diseases and stable vital signs presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). Methods An observational study in the ED with 279 participants was conducted. Results Chronic diseases were more prevalent among 51-70 years (43.4%) and diabetes was most common (58.8%). Fever (22.6%) and GI bleeding (32.6%) presentation were high. Participants with low WWBI had low SIS compared to the ones with higher scores (83.3% vs. 17.7%, p < 0.001) and also had low CLOX-1 compared to ones with high CLOX-1 (67.3% vs. 5%, <0.001). A positive correlation between WWBI with SIS (correlation coefficient = 0.305, p < 0.001) and CLOX-1 (0.441, <0.001). Regression analysis indicates a positive association between WWBI and the SIS (standardized regression coefficient = 0.187, 95%CI = 0.236-1.426, and p = 0.006) and CLOX 1 (0.338, 0.2-0.463, <0.001). Conclusion In the ED, the evaluation of mental health even among cognitive impaired is feasible and crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Lal Vallath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Akshita Lalendran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Sudeshna Samanta
- BBA Hospital Management, George Group of Colleges, Kolkata, India
| | - Snigda Banerjee
- Clinical Pharmacology and Research, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Tania Das
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Ritwick Kundu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Vyom Richharia
- Department of Public Health, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Ravisha More
- National AIDS Research Center, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sahana Nazimudeen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Sasidhar Gunturu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Indraneel Dasgupta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Soluk Özdemir Y, Paker N, Şişmanoğlu Ataç N, Buğdaycı D, Öneş K. COVID-19-related anxiety and obsession levels in stroke patients and family caregivers and their effects on caregiver burden. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2024; 38:24-31. [PMID: 38315321 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-024-00490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related dysfunctional anxiety and thinking in patients with stroke and caregivers who are family members and their effects on caregiver burden. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 79 stroke patients and their primary caregivers who were hospitalised in a tertiary rehabilitation hospital. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) were used to assess the levels of COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety and obsession of the patients and their caregivers. Caregiver burden was assessed via the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). RESULTS In the patients with stroke, COVID-19-related anxiety and COVID-19-related obsession rates were 13.9% (n = 11) and 7.6% (n = 6), respectively, while 17.7% (n = 14) of caregiver family members had COVID-19-related anxiety and 11.4% (n = 9) had COVID-19-related obsession. The CAS score of caregivers showed a significant positive correlation with the CAS and OCS scores of patients (p = 0.000, r = 0.423; p = 0.007, r = 0.300, respectively). The OCS score of caregivers showed a significant positive correlation with the OCS scores of the patients (p = 0.000, r = 0.476). The mean ZBI score of caregiver family members was 31.9 ± 13.5. A significant positive correlation was observed between the caregiver's OCS and CAS scores and ZBI scores (p = 0.002, r = -0.349; p = 0.004, r = 0.323, respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, a significant relationship between caregiver burden and COVID-19-related anxiety and obsession in the caregivers of stroke patients was identified. Therefore, caregivers of stroke patients should not be forgotten during pandemics and should receive physical and psychological support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Soluk Özdemir
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nurdan Paker
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Şişmanoğlu Ataç
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Buğdaycı
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Öneş
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hussain A, Dar MA, Shah MS, Roub F. An epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Kashmir. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:845-850. [PMID: 38736827 PMCID: PMC11086763 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_593_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental disorders are highly prevalent and affect people across all regions of the world. The State of Jammu and Kashmir has been witness to a conflict for about three decades. Little is known about the extent of mental disorders in Kashmir. There was a dire need to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders among the rural population of Kashmir. The study was undertaken to estimate the point prevalence of specific mental disorders in rural population of Kashmir, sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders and to assess the service utilization in individuals with mental disorders. Materials and Methods Community-based survey carried out in rural districts of Kashmir using a mixed sampling technique. The survey was conducted in six blocks of two districts (Pulwama and Baramulla) of Kashmir. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for psychiatric morbidity was used. Appropriate statistical methods were applied. Results In total, 11.3% of adult population suffers from mental illness in the valley. As compared to males (8.4%), females had a higher prevalence (12.9%). Depressive disorders (8.4%) were the most common psychiatric disorders, followed by anxiety disorders (5.1%). Only 12.6% of patients suffering from mental disorders had sought treatment for their illnesses. Conclusion The findings of this study have cleared many doubts and indicated the prevalence of 10 common mental health disorders in the general population as well as among different socioeconomic groups in Kashmir. This study has indicated low levels of treatment sought by people with mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Hussain
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mansoor A. Dar
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Majid S. Shah
- Department of Health and Medical Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Fazle Roub
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alam MF, Ahmed HU, Alam MT, Sarkar M, Khan NM, Uddin MJ, Sarkar AA. Community prevalence of psychiatric disorders: Findings from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 92:103897. [PMID: 38199203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the community prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adult population and describe the prevalence by age, men-women, urban-rural strata. METHODS A nationwide household survey was conducted in 2019 where adults aged 18 years and above were selected by a multicentric, stratified, systematic random approach. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was used for screening purpose and screened positive individuals were interviewed by research psychiatrists and diagnosed according the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. RESULTS Overall adult response rate for this survey was 90.4%. In total, of the 7270 adults, 1570 (21.6%) came positive on the SRQ. Overall prevalence of mental disorders found was 18.7% ((95% CI: 17.4%-20.0%). Women reported higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than men (21.5% vs 15.7%). No significant difference was observed between urban and rural residents (18.9% vs 18.7%). Most common psychiatric disorders found were depressive disorders (6.7%), anxiety disorders (4.7%), somatic symptom and related disorders (2.3%), sleep-wake disorders (1%) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (1%). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that a substatial proportion of adults received diagnoses for psychiatric disorders. Once again, our findings emphasize the need for development of comprehensive mental healthcare services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Faruq Alam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Child, Adolescent & Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tariqul Alam
- Department of Geriatric & Organic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mekhala Sarkar
- Department of Psychotherapy, Clinical Psychology and Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Niaz Mohammad Khan
- Department of Child, Adolescent & Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mm Jalal Uddin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Neurosciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahsan Aziz Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Varadharasu S. A Randomized Control Trial Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Symptom Reduction and Relapse Prevention for Depression among the Depression Patients. Indian J Public Health 2024; 68:38-43. [PMID: 38847631 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_26_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a serious illness; approximately 40%-60% of patients develop relapse, and this risk increases up to 90%. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an effective method to minimize depressive symptoms and relapse. OBJECTIVES This randomized control trial study is designed to assess the effectiveness of IPT on depression symptom reduction and relapse prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred depressed patients from a selected psychiatric hospital in UP, India, were recruited by a simple random sampling technique that randomly allocated 150 participants to the experimental group and 150 to the control group by tossing a coin. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, which has 17 items. On the 2nd day of the trial, the experimental group received IPT. It helped the participants recognize their emotions and urge themselves to express them, both of which had a direct positive impact on their sad mood. The IPT efficacy assessment was done at the end of the 4 weeks of the intervention, and the relapse prevention assessment was undertaken 4 months later. The control group was kept with the actual treatment modalities and psychoeducation sessions, and they were assessed in the same way as the experimental group. RESULTS Findings illustrated that the reduction of depressive symptoms with (t = 33.61) (P = 0.0000) and relapse prevention with (t = 2.7484) (P = 0.0067) are significant, respectively. Furthermore, symptom reduction and relapse prevention had an association with some demographical data at P < 0.05, 0.001. CONCLUSION IPT is an effective intervention for reducing depressive symptoms and preventing relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankari Varadharasu
- Associate Professor cum HOD, Department of Mental Health Nursing, Kalinga Institute of Nursing Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chawla S, Kazmi SS, Singh A, Singh G. Investigating the Cognitive Style of Patients With Substance Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e51800. [PMID: 38322078 PMCID: PMC10846660 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The causal attributions we make to the events in our lives reflect our Cognitive Style. The use of substances can be precipitated by stressful life events, and substance use can be a result of maladaptive coping to alleviate negative effects in stressful situations. So, individuals with substance dependence may infer situations differently. The inferences made about the cause of these stressful events can give an understanding of their cognition and can further help in therapeutic interventions. Purpose The present study aims to assess the cognitive style of young patients with substance use disorder. Methods A cross-sectional research design was used and a total of 50 participants were chosen through purposive sampling from the in-patient departments of Psychiatric Hospitals and De-addiction centers. The Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to assess the specific substances used by the patients and the Cognitive Style Questionnaire-Short form (CSQ-SF) was used to assess the negative cognitive style of the patients. Results Results revealed a more negative cognitive style among young patients with Dual Substance Use than patients with Multiple Substance Use, indicating that patients with Substance Use Disorder tend to attribute stressful events to causes like internal (because of self), global (applicable to all domains of life) and stable (consistent), as well as the negative consequences (leading to other bad things) and self-worth implications (something wrong in self).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savy Chawla
- Clinical Psychology, Gurukul The School, Ghaziabad, IND
| | - Syed S Kazmi
- Clinical Psychology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, IND
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Forensic Psychology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, IND
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Balrampur Hospital, Lucknow, IND
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vaidyanathan S, Menon V. Research on feeding and eating disorders in India: A narrative review. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:9-25. [PMID: 38419929 PMCID: PMC10898522 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_782_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite growing evidence of their prevalence, research on feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) in India has been sporadic. This narrative review aimed to summarize the research on FED in India and set priorities for future research and translation of evidence. An electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant English peer-reviewed articles from April 1967 to July 2023. The extracted data from these studies included author names, publication year, research location, type of intervention (for interventional studies), nature of comparator treatments, and main outcomes or findings. We found a rising trend in the prevalence of EDs in India. Adolescent age group, female sex, higher socioeconomic status, family history of mental illness or disordered eating, and borderline personality pattern were risk factors for EDs. For feeding disorders (FDs), childhood age group, malnutrition, pregnancy, psychosis, intellectual disability (ID), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were putative risk factors. Both physical and psychiatric comorbidities were common in FEDs. Culture appears to exert a pathoplastic effect on symptom presentation in FEDs; an illustrative example is the documented nonfat phobic variant of anorexia nervosa (AN) in India. Research on management has focused on using assessment tools, investigations to rule out medical comorbidities, psychosocial and family-based psychotherapies, nutritional rehabilitation, pharmacotherapy, and neuromodulation approaches. Whereas the publication output on FEDs in India has increased over the last decade, it remains an under-researched area, with a striking paucity of original research. Future research priorities in FEDs include conducting country-wide registry-based studies to offer real-world insights, longitudinal research to identify culturally relevant risk factors, and developing brief, culturally sensitive diagnostic instruments for FEDs in the Indian context. This will help generate locally relevant epidemiological data on FEDs and inform treatment and prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivapriya Vaidyanathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Das A, Sarkhel S, Brahma A, Akula V. Development of mental health human resources for mental well-being. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:S391-S402. [PMID: 38445285 PMCID: PMC10911319 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_639_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Das
- Department of Psychiatry, IQ City Medical College and Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India E-mail:
| | - Sujit Sarkhel
- Institute of Psychiatry, IPGME and R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arabinda Brahma
- Director and Consultant Psychiatrist, Girindra Shekhar Bose Clinic, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vishal Akula
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Jagtial, Telengana, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chakrapani V, Bharat S. Mental health in India: Sociocultural dimensions, policies and programs - An introduction to the India Series. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 4:100277. [PMID: 38807921 PMCID: PMC7616029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
|
22
|
Jayasankar P, Suhas S, Nirisha LP, Philip S, Manjunatha N, Rao GN, Gururaj G, Varghese M, Benegal V. Current prevalence and determinants of generalized anxiety disorder from a nationally representative, population-based survey of India. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:1244-1248. [PMID: 38298878 PMCID: PMC10826860 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_824_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the common anxiety disorders leading to impairment and burden. However, GAD remains the least studied anxiety disorder. There is a need for nationally representative epidemiological data of GAD to understand the current burden and plan the mental health policies and programs to attain their unmet needs. Hence, this study focuses on epidemiology, socio-demographic correlates, disability, and treatment gap of GAD from India's National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) 2016. Materials and Methods NMHS 2016 was a nationally representative epidemiological survey of adult respondents from 12 states of India. NMHS is a multi-stage, stratified, random cluster sampling with random selection based on probability proportional to size at each stage. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0.0 used to diagnose psychiatric disorders. Sheehan disability scale was used to assess the disability. The current weighted prevalence of GAD was estimated. Association between GAD and socio-demographic factors was done using Firth's penalized logistic regression. The treatment gap and disability in GAD also calculated. Results The current weighted prevalence of GAD is 0.57%. The male gender and higher education groups have significantly lesser odds with current GAD. Urban metro and the married group have significantly higher odds with current GAD. The most common comorbid psychiatric disorders are depression (15.8%) followed by agoraphobia (9.4%). Among respondents with current GAD in the past 6 months across three domains, around 2/5th has mild and moderate disability, 1/10th has a severe disability, and 1/20th has an extreme disability. The overall treatment gap of current GAD is 75.7%. Conclusion NMHS 2016 has provided valuable insights into the epidemiology and burden of GAD among the general population. The available findings provide a glimpse of the current scenario in GAD to aid policymakers in targeting interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Jayasankar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Suhas
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi P. Nirisha
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sharad Philip
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Narayana Manjunatha
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish N. Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopalkrishna Gururaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, WHO Collaborative Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Das HK, Govindappa L. Anxiety, depression and social support of LGBTIQ during COVID-19 in Kerala, India. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1971-1978. [PMID: 37353961 PMCID: PMC10291211 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231183913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is reported that the marginalised and underprivileged sections suffer bitter consequences in the event of calamities and pandemics. The present study aims at assessing the level of anxiety, depression and social support of the LGBTIQ communities during the COVID-19. Since the 'LGBTIQ' community is an integral part of society, it is necessary to study these psychological dimensions in the face of multiple waves of the pandemic in the country. AIM The study aims to measure the anxiety, depression and social support of LGBTIQ during COVID-19 in Kerala. METHOD The study followed descriptive research design and using snowball sampling, total of 106 respondents were interviewed from the urban and rural areas of Kerala. The researchers used the 'DASS21' to assess anxiety and depression and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support to assess social support. RESULTS Approximately half (44.3%) of the participants were experiencing severe or extremely severe levels of depression. At the same time, many of them had episodes of anxiety disorder at much higher levels (41.5%) than the other members of society. Perceived social support was negatively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress, while depression, anxiety and stress showed a positive correlation with each other. CONCLUSION Common mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and stress were largely prevalent in the LGBTIQ community during COVID-19, who found the social support inadequate and suffered from other social and economic problems. There is a need to address these issues among this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lakshmana Govindappa
- Department of Social Work, School of Social and Behavioral Science, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mr V, P RP. The Validation of Beck's Depression Inventory in Patients With Systemic Diseases: A Psychometric Study at a Dental Institute. Cureus 2023; 15:e49830. [PMID: 38164320 PMCID: PMC10758205 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depression seriously threatens the world's public health, manifesting symptoms like loss of interest, fatigue, guilt, and impaired focus. Major depressive disorder is a common problem for those with chronic systemic illnesses. Since this illness has an impact on psychosocial well-being and interacts with anxiety and stress, it is crucial to assess psychological functioning. Depression-related issue has a negative impact on oral health and can cause cognitive dysfunction, social interaction problems, and low self-esteem. For the purpose of identifying and effectively managing depression in patients with systemic illnesses undergoing dental procedures, screening tools like the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. The BDI's benefits include its strong internal consistency, sensitivity to change, broad concept validity, adaptable criteria validity for separating depressed and nondepressed people, and global dissemination. Materials and methods A cross-sectional prospective study was carried out after receiving the necessary institutional ethical approvals, and the participant's agreement was also obtained. The questionnaire was explained to the patients. The entire participation was voluntary. Results In the current study patient's ages ranged from 34 years to maximum age of 83 years with a mean age of 59.70±13.16 years, with 40% of the population falling into the 51-65 years age group. According to the results, participants who had multiple systemic disorders were more likely to experience depression than people who had one systemic illness. The chi-square test showed no statistically significant results between the depression scores and the number of systemic diseases (p-0.574). Seventy-five per cent of individuals with depression required tooth extractions. Conclusion Those with systemic disorders who were receiving dental care in the current study showed elevated levels of depression. An important finding was the correlation between depression and tooth extraction, highlighting the need for proactive mental health assessments in dental care. Tailored interventions can mitigate the impact, enhancing the holistic well-being of patients suffering from systemic diseases and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visalachi Mr
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Roland Prethipa P
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kumar M, Ruikar M, Surya VL. Depression among older adults in an urban slum of Raipur city - a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:709. [PMID: 37914986 PMCID: PMC10621310 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at risk of chronic, silent depressive changes and the vulnerability of older adults in urban slums of India is rarely exposed. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among the older adults in the urban slums of India and to study the factors associated with it. METHODS This was a community based analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Urban Field Practice Area of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh, India among older adults more than or equal to 60 years of age selected using two stage, simple random sampling. The data was collected in a sample of 400 older adults by face-to-face interview using self-designed, semi-structured and pretested proforma that included validated Hindi version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and analyzed using SPSS v23. RESULTS The prevalence of depression among older adults was 51.5% in the present study; with 27%, 12.8% and 11.8% having mild, moderate and severe depression respectively. Number of family members, living status of spouse, emotional attachment to family members, conflict in family, loneliness, social isolation, marginal friendship ties, functional status, physical exercise, active complains and diastolic BP were independent predictors of depression in older adults. CONCLUSION Early identification of depression in older adults using GDS-15 and incorporation of social isolation and functionality assessment routinely by healthcare providers for all older adults attending the outpatient departments is the need of the hour. A holistic approach to care of older adults is vital as healthcare providers seek to understand the impact of multiple, complex, interconnected factors on overall health and well-being of older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641004, India.
- Foundation for People-Centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manisha Ruikar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - V L Surya
- Department of Microbiology, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kelkar P, Vankar G, Chaudhury S, Kelkar A, Patil J. Mental health concerns of interns posted in COVID-19-affected regions of Maharashtra. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:S253-S257. [PMID: 38370967 PMCID: PMC10871389 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_239_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare providers faced the challenge of managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected patients. At the onset of the spread of the coronavirus infection across the globe, awareness of the treatment modalities was poor. Interns were relatively new to treating patients as they had just started their clinical postings in February or March 2020. Working in the COVID-19 wards with the sudden influx of a large number of patients, treating them with ever-changing guidelines did cause increased physical and mental stress. Thus, to understand the impact of coronavirus infection on interns this study was conducted. Materials and Methods An online survey was conducted among interns of various medical colleges of Nagpur, Mumbai, Pune, and Miraj using Google Forms. Participation was anonymous and voluntary. Responses were accepted for 1 week from March 27, 2020, till April 3, 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 Scale (GAD-7) (9) were used to assess anxiety and depression. Result Our study showed that 36.3% of the interns who were posted for COVID-19 duty had depression, whereas 34% had anxiety symptoms. Anxiety and depression were comparable in interns posted for COVID-19 duty and those posted in other clinical departments. Young age, female gender, and perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 were the predictors for anxiety and depression. Conclusion There was a high level of anxiety and depression among interns working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic irrespective of whether they were posted for COVID-19 duty or not. Reporting such information is important to plan further management of mental health needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisha Kelkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Ganpat Vankar
- Department of Psychiatry, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Vadodra, Gujarat, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Apurva Kelkar
- Department of Medicine, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jaideep Patil
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Therat S, Banandur PS, Sukumar GM, Shenoy AB, Arvind BA, Nagaraja SR, Rai V, Medhi U, Devyani A. Smoked tobacco dependence and its correlates among participants attending life skills training and counselling services programme across Karnataka (2017-2022). J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2827-2834. [PMID: 38186799 PMCID: PMC10771161 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_591_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Indian National Mental Health Survey reports an alarming prevalence of 20.9% for tobacco dependence in India. Dependence on smoked tobacco can be prevented by thorough knowledge of the risk factors associated with it. Objectives To estimate the prevalence and identify the factors associated with smoked tobacco dependence among participants attending the life skills training and counselling services programme (LSTCSP) across Karnataka from 2017 to 2022. Materials and Methods Pretraining data of 3104 participants from training programmes between 2017 and 2022 were utilised. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed based on a conceptual framework with various hypothesised exposure variables and smoked tobacco dependence as outcome. Results The overall prevalence of smoked tobacco dependence among LSTCSP participants who used smoked tobacco products was 59.4%. Ever use of smokeless tobacco products (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =2.05, 95% CI: 1.11-3.78) and screening positive for symptoms of generalised anxiety (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.32-4.84) significantly increased the odds of smoked tobacco dependence, whereas making decisions collectively in the family (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18-0.66) and individuals with increased score for neurotic personality traits (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44-0.93) were the factors associated with reduced odds of smoked tobacco dependence. Conclusion The identified risk factors associated with smoked tobacco dependence are important to develop tobacco control programmes as well as in preventing its onset. With the risk factors for smoked tobacco dependence identified, the results of this study have implications for health promotion and prevention programmes as well as cessation programmes related to smoked tobacco dependence, within India and similar countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Therat
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep S. Banandur
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautham M. Sukumar
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha B. Shenoy
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Banavaram A. Arvind
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Veeksha Rai
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Upashana Medhi
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Azad Devyani
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ponnuchamy L, Kumar SS, Majhi G, Venkataraman P. Quality of life, social support, and pathways of care among persons with psychiatric disorders-A cross-sectional study. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:S32-S41. [PMID: 38370934 PMCID: PMC10871395 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_192_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with psychiatric disorders have varied psychosocial realities embedded in the community context. Help-seeking behavior is extremely crucial in determining the prognosis and outcome of interventions. Objectives (1) To assess the levels of quality of life, perceived social support, and decision to first seek help. (2) To assess the association of socio-demographic variables with these domains. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey with 100 psychiatric patients in a tertiary care setting employed three scales, namely WHOQOL-BREF, PSSS, and WHO Pathways Encounter form. Results Patients had higher levels of quality of life and perceived social support. The majority of patients chose health professionals over faith healers at the onset of symptoms, had higher reliance on family members, and continued with hospital visits till the third follow-up. Sex, occupation, and marital status were associated with perceived social support, and duration of illness was associated with help-seeking behavior. Conclusions Community-based interventions must include holistic services and reduce the gap between onset and first contact, leading to higher quality of life and perceived social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingam Ponnuchamy
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sachin S Kumar
- Psychiatric Counsellor, Central Prison, Parapana Agrahara, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gobinda Majhi
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhu Venkataraman
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dhiman V, Menon GR, Tiwari RR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of seven psychiatric disorders in India. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:1096-1103. [PMID: 38249146 PMCID: PMC10795670 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_539_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background After the National Mental Health Survey in 2016, multiple individual studies showed inconsistencies in the prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in India. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate an up-to-date pooled estimate of the prevalence of depression, alcohol use disorder (AUD), anxiety disorder (AD), intellectual disability, suicidal attempt/death, autism, and bipolar disorder (BD) in India. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic bibliographic search in Pub Med, Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx), and Google Scholar, along with a manual search for peer-reviewed epidemiological studies reporting the prevalence of depression, AUD, AD, MR, suicidal attempt/death, autism, and BD in India from January 1980 till March 2022. Adopting a random-effects model, we performed the meta-analysis using "MetaXL" software. Results A total of 79 studies were included: depression (n = 28), AUD (n = 14), AD (n = 12), intellectual disability (n = 8), suicidal attempt/death (n = 7), autism (n = 6) and BD (n = 4). The pooled prevalence of depression and AUD was 12.4% (95% CI 9.4-15.9) (P < 0.001, I2 = 100%) and 21.5% (95% CI 14.1-30.0) (P < 0.001, I2 = 100%), respectively. AD, intellectual disability and suicidal attempt/death showed a prevalence of 11.6% (95% CI 8.1-15.7) (P < 0.001, I2 = 99%), 1% (95% CI 0.5-1.6) (P < 0.001, I2 = 98%) and 0.5% (95% CI 0.3-0.8) (P < 0.001, I2 = 100%), respectively. The meta-analysis in autism and BD showed pooled prevalence of 0.3% (95% CI 0.1-0.6) (P < 0.001, I2 = 96%) and 0.3% (95% CI 0.2-0.4) (P < 0.001, I2 = 78%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed an increased prevalence of AD in the urban [24.3% (95% CI 3.7-52.9)] and younger [16.7% (95% CI 5.1-32.7)] population. The prevalence of depression and AD increased during the last two decades on decadal prevalence analysis. Discussion The findings could be used for appropriate policy measures and guiding subsequent national mental health surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dhiman
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Geetha R. Menon
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics (NIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajnarayan R. Tiwari
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qadir ZS, Kar N, Ball PA, Morrissey H. Antipsychotic Use: Cross-Sectional Opinion Survey of Psychiatrists in India and United Kingdom. PHARMACY 2023; 11:162. [PMID: 37888507 PMCID: PMC10609856 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this survey of psychiatrists from the UK and India was to compare their opinions on antipsychotic medication choice and their experiences of such medications' effectiveness and tolerability in patients who were newly diagnosed with acute schizophrenia. Following ethical approval, a cross-sectional online survey of psychiatrists from the UK and India was conducted. Ninety-five responses were received from each country. The most selected first-line APDs in both countries were olanzapine (47.5%), risperidone (42.8%) and aripiprazole (25.3%). A total of 60% of psychiatrists from India (60%) and 48% from the UK (48%) selected 'medication efficacy' as the main factor in their choice. Reassessment and consideration to switch most often took place within 4-6 weeks (53.7%) and 3-6 months (11.6%). The major reasons for switching antipsychotic medications were poor clinical efficacy (69%) and lack of tolerability (45%). Nonadherence was the most common reason for relapse (90% of UK psychiatrists and 70% of Indian psychiatrists), followed by illicit drug use (27.6%). The most commonly reported side effects that led to nonadherence were weight gain (10.8%), drowsiness (10.4%), erectile dysfunction and movement disorders (equally 8.7%). It was concluded that olanzapine, risperidone and aripiprazole are the most commonly selected as the initial treatment choice by psychiatrists from India and the UK. They are perceived as widely effective and well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zina Sherzad Qadir
- Research Institute in Health Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (Z.S.Q.); (N.K.); (P.A.B.)
| | - Nilamadhab Kar
- Research Institute in Health Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (Z.S.Q.); (N.K.); (P.A.B.)
- Black Country Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Wolverhampton B71 4NH, UK
| | - Patrick Anthony Ball
- Research Institute in Health Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (Z.S.Q.); (N.K.); (P.A.B.)
- School of Dentistry & Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Hana Morrissey
- Research Institute in Health Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (Z.S.Q.); (N.K.); (P.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Debnath A, Salve HR, Sagar R, Krishnan A, Kumar R, Kant S. Mapping of mental health care facilities and psychiatrists in a North Indian district of India. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:1078-1082. [PMID: 38108055 PMCID: PMC10725207 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_168_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since 1990, the proportional contribution of mental disorders to India's total disease burden has nearly doubled, but the number of psychiatrists has not increased proportionately. Even after two decades of District Mental Health Programme (DMHP) launch, a considerable treatment gap still exists for mental illness. The present study aimed to map all health facilities providing mental health services and all psychiatrists in district Faridabad, Haryana. Methods The starting point was the information available with the DMHP and district health office. This was supplemented by web search and snowball sampling. All identified facilities were visited to map the mental health services provided. All the mental health care providers and health care facilities were mapped using "Google my Maps". 2011 census data on population were used. Results In Faridabad, 0.88 psychiatrists per lakh population were present. Most psychiatrists were concentrated in the urban area. The number of psychiatrists per lakh population was 1.1 in urban, compared to 0.54 in rural Faridabad. Clustering of mental health facilities was also observed more in urban areas (8.7 per 100 Sq Km) compared to rural areas (0.95 per 100 Sq Km) of district Faridabad. Conclusion There was a scarcity of psychiatric manpower and facilities in the district with a distinct urban skew.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aninda Debnath
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshal Ramesh Salve
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Suresh S, Deshmukh AS, Praharaj SK. Efficacy of covert sensitization for a patient with alcohol use disorder with memory impairment: A case report. J Addict Dis 2023; 41:334-340. [PMID: 35946415 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a chronic, relapsing and remitting illness with limited efficacy of pharmacotherapy in preventing relapse. Several non-pharmacological treatment options are usually used to improve treatment outcomes. In this case report, the patient with alcohol use disorder (as per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th edition criteria) had memory impairments, which was seen to limit the effectiveness of cognitive approaches such as motivational enhancement therapy. Covert sensitization, a behavioral technique based on operant conditioning, was considered an alternative option along with pharmacotherapy to enhance abstinence and was seen to be effective in creating an association between alcohol use and unpleasant consequences in the patient. We observed an improvement in subjective craving and motivation to abstain following the therapy sessions. This highlights the use of covert sensitization as an alternative non-pharmacological intervention for patients with alcohol use disorder with cognitive impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savithri Suresh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anagha S Deshmukh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Samir Kumar Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rej S, Sasi N. World Mental Health Day 2023: Increasing awareness of mental health in India & exciting opportunities for the future. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:334-337. [PMID: 37929354 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1940_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Rej
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychosocial Research, Psychosocial Research Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Neeti Sasi
- Geri-PARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sowmya H R, Ghani S, Sreedaran P, Sahu MK, Mysore A, Sharan P. Cultural Expression of Anxiety Symptoms in Kannada Language: A Qualitative Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:496-502. [PMID: 37772136 PMCID: PMC10523524 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221140742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In anxiety disorders, culture is important in symptom presentation and help-seeking. Most tools for anxiety disorders are not validated in India and thus might not capture culture-specific aspects of anxiety. This study aims to identify and generate culturally specific terms to describe symptoms of anxiety as part of the development of the Kannada version of the Panic and Anxiety National Indian Questionnaire (PANIQ). The PANIQ is a tool under development to identify anxiety and panic in Indian settings. Methods This study used qualitative methods like focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) to identify and generate items related to anxiety and panic in Kannada from stakeholders like individuals with anxiety disorders, their caregivers, healthcare workers, and mental health professionals who treat individuals with anxiety and panic disorders. Five FGDs (n = 28), one triad (n = 3), and 34 IDIs (n = 34) were conducted. Results The mean age of the participants was 38.9 (standard deviation: 12.28) years; 57.1% were from rural areas. We generated 615 Kannada items. These were classified into 21 domains and facets. Items in domains like Somatic symptoms, Fear, and Impairment in day-to-day life were higher than those noted in existing tools for anxiety that focus more on cognitive symptoms of anxiety. Conclusions This study generated culturally specific items of anxiety through a qualitative process of tool development incorporating subjective experiences of persons with anxiety disorders and other stakeholders. This is among the first steps toward the development of PANIQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya H R
- St. John’s Research Institute,
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarah Ghani
- Christ University, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India
| | - Priya Sreedaran
- Dept. of Psychiatry, St. John’s
Medical Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj K Sahu
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Pt. J.N.M.
Medical College, Raipur, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok Mysore
- Dept. of Psychiatry, St. John’s
Medical Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratap Sharan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Soni B, Jayaseelan V, Kattimani S, Rengaraj S, Arikrishnan K, Veerasetty N. Association between common mental disorder and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes: A mixed-method study. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:941-948. [PMID: 37841546 PMCID: PMC10569327 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_402_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders among pregnant women. Poor mental health can negatively impact glycemic control in women with GDM, leading to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Aim To determine the prevalence of common mental disorder (CMD) in women with GDM and its association with poor glycemic control. Additionally, to explore the reasons and coping strategies for CMD in women with GDM. Methods A sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted among 351 women with GDM visiting a tertiary care hospital. The prevalence of CMD was assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Glycemic control was determined based on two-hour postprandial blood glucose levels. In-depth interviews were conducted with six women who screened positive for CMD and had poor glycemic control. Data were analyzed using SPSS v23 and stats v12. Chi-square test and Poisson regression were performed, and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were reported. Results The prevalence of CMD was found to be 19.08% (95% CI: 15.32%-23.52%), with 18.2% (95% CI: 14.5%-22.6%) anxiety symptoms 8.3% (95% CI: 5.8%-11.6%) depressive symptoms and stress each. CMD was significantly related to poor glycemic control (aPR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.23-2.03; P value <0.001). The qualitative analysis revealed individual, family, health, and facility factors influencing mental health and glycemic control. Conclusion Common mental health disorders are prevalent in women with GDM. It has a negative association with glycemic control. Implementing a routine screening program in the ANC clinic can aid in early identification and prompt management of the CMD and its associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanushree Soni
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Venkatachalam Jayaseelan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Shivanand Kattimani
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sasirekha Rengaraj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Kalaiselvy Arikrishnan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Naveenkumar Veerasetty
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ghosh M. First North Eastern State's mental health policy from Meghalaya. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 15:100237. [PMID: 37614362 PMCID: PMC10442964 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
|
37
|
Manna CK, Ranjan R, Kumar P, Ahmad S, Nath S. Effect of vortioxetine versus venlafaxine on cognitive functions in adults with major depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:815-824. [PMID: 37736222 PMCID: PMC10510634 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_160_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vortioxetine and venlafaxine are antidepressants which have shown established efficacy to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). There are no studies that compared them for their efficacy in cognitive symptoms of depression. The study aimed to compare the effect of vortioxetine and venlafaxine on the change in cognitive scores in adults with MDD. Methods The present study was an open-label, active-controlled parallel design randomized clinical trial. After randomization, baseline clinical evaluations by Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) were done and coding (subset of WAIS-IV), WCST, TMT, Stroop test, PGI memory were used to assess cognition in 100 unmedicated MDD patients. They were reassessed after eight weeks of monotherapy with vortioxetine or venlafaxine. Results Primary cognitive measure (coding score) was found to be significantly higher (Mean Difference = 0.680; 95% CI:.202 to 1.158; P = 0.006) in vortioxetine in comparison with venlafaxine. Stroop test scores (word score, color score, color-word score) were also found to be significantly higher with vortioxetine. In other cognitive measures (WCST scores: total trials, total errors score, total perseverative responses score, total perseverative errors scores; TMT-A and B scores), a significant decrease in scores with vortioxetine in comparison with venlafaxine were observed. A significant decrease in MADRS and increase in SOFAS scores were observed with vortioxetine in comparison with venlafaxine. Both the drugs alleviated the symptoms of depression but vortioxetine was better tolerated. Conclusion Our study findings suggest that improvement in cognitive scores is significantly higher with vortioxetine than venlafaxine over the eight weeks of monotherapy. Clinical Trial registration number CTRI/2020/07/026819 (Registered with Clinical Trials Registry- India).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayan K. Manna
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shamshad Ahmad
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Santanu Nath
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sutar R, Majumdar A, Singh G, Maheshwari M, Verma M, Raj A. Exploring the determinants of workplace mental health in a medical institution in central India: A cross-sectional survey. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:339-347. [PMID: 38161445 PMCID: PMC10756628 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_26_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health at the workplace (WMH) is an important indicator for the optimum functioning of a medical institute. To establish an effective WMH, it is essential to understand the level of awareness, perceptions, and felt needs of students and staff of a medical institute regarding mental health services within the campus. Material and Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in an institution of national importance in Central India using a semistructured questionnaire based on Kobo Toolbox. Felt need for periodic mental health screening within the institutional campus (FN-S) and felt need of having a separate cell for mental healthcare of students and employees (FN-C) were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 526 out of 2190 eligible students and staff completed the survey (response rate 24.1%). About half of the participants were not aware, of whom to contact on campus in case of mental health concerns (MHCs), more than three-fourths were not aware of the rights for seeking treatment, and three-fourths thought that getting diagnosed with an MHC would negatively impact their academic course or work. There was a high felt need for mental health screening services (91.1%), and almost two-thirds felt the need for a separate mental health cell. The FN-S was higher among those from rural areas, those not using social media, those without a preexisting MHC, and those without FN-C. FN-C was higher in those not using social media, those having sleep disturbances, those with unawareness of the rights of a mentally ill person, those without any MHC, and those not having FN-S. Conclusion Active efforts are needed to roll out a mental health screening policy and separate mental health cells within the medical institute. Future research should focus on a qualitative inquiry into the details of the above findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Sutar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anindo Majumdar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Maheshwari
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Verma
- Department of Principal Nursing College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aswathy Raj
- Department of Nursing Officer, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Savarimalai R, Christy J, Bhaskarapillai B, Damodharan D, Sekar K. Work-life balance among mental health professionals in a tertiary care neuropsychiatry centre in India. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:354-360. [PMID: 38161471 PMCID: PMC10756616 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_31_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and distress are common among Mental Health Professionals (MHP). MHPs avoid seeking professional help to address their stress, leading to increased vulnerability to stress and mental health conditions. Inadequately addressed stress directly impacts their service delivery and well-being. However, a serious dearth of literature from India has examined the extent of work-life balance (WLB) stress and psychological distress (PD) among MHP. Aim This cross-sectional study aims to assess WLB and examine the relationship between perceived stress (PS), PD, burnout, and WLB among MHP in a tertiary care neuropsychiatry center. Methods Using stratified random sampling, 101 MHP were evaluated using Pareek's work-life balance scale, Stamm's professional quality of life (ProQoL) scale, WHO's self-reporting questionnaire, and Cohen's perceived stress scale. Data were analyzed using appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests. Results The overall mean score on WLB was 80.45 (SD = 10.21), the PS scale was 24.86 (SD = 6.87), the burnout score was 22.68 (SD = 6), the ST score was 21.18 (SD = 6.35), and PD score was 5.07 (SD = 5.23). The level of WLB score was average to below average among 64% of participants. There is a positive correlation between WLB and compassion satisfaction (CS) and a negative correlation between ST and PS. The study found that the nature of the job, CS, and PD shall predict WLB. Conclusion Stress, burnout, ProQoL, and WLB of MHPs vary significantly by job, income, and staying with family, indicating that MHPs are equally vulnerable to stress and burnout and imbalanced WLB, which require appropriate interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanikandan Savarimalai
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayakumar Christy
- Centre for Psychosocial Support in Disaster Management, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Binukumar Bhaskarapillai
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinakaran Damodharan
- Centre for Psychosocial Support in Disaster Management, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kasi Sekar
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reddy PV, Bojappen N, Reddy RP, Arumugham SS, Muralidharan K. Neurocognitive Deficits in Recently Diagnosed Young Remitted Bipolar I Disorder and At-Risk Subjects: Potential Endophenotypes? Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:390-396. [PMID: 37483584 PMCID: PMC10357910 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231165414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurocognitive deficits have been reported consistently in euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) across studies. Endophenotype potential of such deficits have been reported in a few studies. However, data from the Indian subcontinent is sparse, and no studies had a sample (patients and high-risk group) aged 20-25 years, which is the actual risk period for developing BD. We studied cognitive deficits, as a potential endophenotype for BD, in recently diagnosed BD (FEM-first episode mania) in remission, young unaffected first-degree relatives (HR) of patients with BD, and healthy controls (HC). Methods Cross-sectional study design using convenient sampling was employed. We recruited FEM (n = 25), HR (n = 25), and age-matched HC (n = 25) between 18 and 30 years. All HR subjects were <25 years of age, which is the period of vulnerability for BD. All the groups were screened using MINI Version 6. Neurocognitive assessments were done using the NIMHANS neuropsychology battery. The cognitive domains assessed were processing speed, attention, working memory, executive functions, and visual and verbal memory. Results The three groups were comparable in age and sex (all P > 0.06). The mean (SD) age of the FEM subjects was 23.7 (3.47) years, and the mean duration of illness was 5.92 (2.94) months. Compared to the HC group, the FEM group performed poorly on multiple cognitive domains (all P < 0.05). Performance of the HR group was comparable to the FEM group, but they showed significantly poorer performance compared to HC on the verbal fluency test-controlled oral word association (COWA, F = 12.36, P = 0.001), and the visual learning and memory test-complex figure test-immediate recall (CFT-IR, F = 8.10 and p = 0.001). Conclusions Cognition is impaired very early in the course of BD. Visual memory and executive function (verbal fluency) have endophenotypic potential. These findings are particularly important given that the HR group were still within the vulnerable period to develop BD. These findings imply a tremendous potential for early diagnosis and prevention by early interventions in BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi V. Reddy
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandhini Bojappen
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajkumari P. Reddy
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Arumugham
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kesavan Muralidharan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sahoo S, Gill G, Sikka P, Nehra R. Antenatal depression and anxiety in Indian women: A systematic review. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:222-233. [PMID: 38161466 PMCID: PMC10756614 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_156_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
There is good evidence to suggest that high prevalence of depression and anxiety in the postpartum period. However, very few studies have focused on antenatal depression and anxiety disorders and their associated risk factors. Further, there are only a handful of studies from India on common antenatal mental health disorders. With this background, we reviewed the existing evidence on antenatal depression and anxiety from the studies conducted in Indian pregnant women during the antenatal period and to explore the associated risk factors. All the major databases were searched systematically for English language studies on prevalence and risk factors for antenatal depression and anxiety in Indian pregnant females, published during the period January 2000 to May 2022. Quality assessment of studies was done with the modified version of Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. We found the overall prevalence of antenatal depression was ranged from 3.8% to 65% and antenatal anxiety from 13 to 55%. The most relevant risk factors associated with antenatal depression and anxiety during pregnancy were preference to have a male child, intimate partner violence, history of abortions, marital conflict, poor relationship with the husband/in-laws and lack of social support. To conclude, the systematic review suggests that depressive and anxiety disorders are quite common in Indian pregnant women in antepartum period with varying prevalence depending on various settings and scales used. Steps should be taken to promote obstetricians for regular mental health screening during the antenatal visits and prompt referral to mental health professionals when suspected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnajeet Sahoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursahiba Gill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pooja Sikka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritu Nehra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Antony A, Parida SP, Behera P, Padhy SK. Geriatric depression: prevalence and its associated factors in rural Odisha. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1180446. [PMID: 37397716 PMCID: PMC10311027 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1180446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The world's population is aging rapidly, and the epidemiological transition has led to increased mental disorders worldwide. Geriatric depression is masked by multiple comorbidities or the natural process of aging. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of geriatric depression and find the risk factors associated with geriatric depression in rural Odisha. The study was a multistage cross-sectional study conducted in the Tangi block, district Khordha, Odisha, from August 2020 to September 2022, among 520 participants selected by probability proportional to size sampling. From the selected participants, eligible 479 older adults were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule, Hindi Mini Mental Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The step forward multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associated factors of depression among older adults. Among our participants, 44.4% (213) of older adults were depressed. Substance abuse in family members [AOR: 16.7 (9.1-30.9)], history of elder abuse [AOR: 3.7 (2.1-6.7)], physical dependency [AOR: 2.2 (1.3-3.6)], and financial dependency [AOR: 2.2 (1.3-3.6)] are significant independent risk factors associated with geriatric depression. Living with children [AOR: 0.33 (0.18-0.59)] and recreational activity [AOR: 0.54 (0.34-0.85)] are significant protective factors of geriatric depression. Our study found that geriatric depression is highly prevalent in rural Odisha. Poor quality of family life and physical and financial dependency was found to be the most significant risk factor for geriatric depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annu Antony
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swayam Pragyan Parida
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyamadhaba Behera
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Parmar A, Bhatia G, Sharma P, Pal A. Understanding the epidemiology of substance use in India: A review of nationwide surveys. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:498-505. [PMID: 37397843 PMCID: PMC10309258 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_791_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use is a public health concern on a global and national levels. There is a scarcity of nationally representative systematic research on the epidemiology of substance use in India. This narrative review aims to discuss the various large epidemiological surveys providing data on substance use in India. Attempts have been made to extract data pertaining to special population groups as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Parmar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gayatri Bhatia
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal
| | - Arghya Pal
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Majumder J, Saha I, Saha A, Chakrabarti A. Climate Change, Disasters, and Mental Health of Adolescents in India. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:289-291. [PMID: 37152381 PMCID: PMC10159560 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231164649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Majumder
- ICMR-Centre for Ageing and Mental Health,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Joydeep Majumder, ICMR-Centre for Ageing and Mental
Health, Block: DP-1, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata - 700091, West Bengal, India.
| | - Indranil Saha
- ICMR-Centre for Ageing and Mental Health,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Saha
- ICMR-Centre for Ageing and Mental Health,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Chakrabarti
- ICMR-Centre for Ageing and Mental Health,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gangadhar B, Kumar CN, Sadh K, Manjunatha N, Math SB, Kalaivanan RC, Rao GN, Parthasarathy R, Chand PK, Chandra PS, Thirthalli J, Murthy P, Varghese M, Mathur A, Bairy BK, Kishore C, Gowda GS, Basvaraju V, Harihara SN, Isaac MK, Chaturvedi S. Mental Health Programme in India: Has the tide really turned? Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:387-394. [PMID: 37955215 PMCID: PMC10443714 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2217_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders in India form a major public health concern and the efforts to tackle these dates back to four decades, by way of the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) and its operational arm, the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP). Although the progress of NMHP (and DMHP) was relatively slower till recently, the last 4-5 years have seen rapid strides with several initiatives, including (i) expansion of DMHPs to 90 per cent of the total districts of the country, (ii) the National Mental Health Policy and (iii) strengthening the Mental Health Legislation by way of providing explicit provisions for rights of persons with mental illnesses. Among others, factors responsible for this accelerated growth include the easily accessible digital technology as well as judicial activism. Federal and State cooperation is another notable feature of this expansion. In this review, the authors summarize the available information on the evolution of implementation and research aspects related to India's NMHP over the years and provide a case for the positive turn of events witnessed in the recent years. However, the authors caution that these are still baby steps and much more remains to be done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B.N. Gangadhar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Kamaldeep Sadh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayana Manjunatha
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Bada Math
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Chander Kalaivanan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish N. Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajani Parthasarathy
- Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Karnataka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhat K. Chand
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabha S. Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadisha Thirthalli
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alok Mathur
- General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhavya K. Bairy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethana Kishore
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Guru S. Gowda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Basvaraju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Mohan K. Isaac
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - S.K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mathur R, Sharma P, Chawla N. Long-term benefits of mindfulness on white matter tracts in panic disorder. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2023; 36:173-174. [PMID: 38692619 DOI: 10.25259/nmji_36-3_173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mathur
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nishtha Chawla
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Roy R, Kumar P, Pandey S, Ranjan A, Singh C. Tobacco Usage and Its Association With Mental Health Status of School-Going Adolescents Near Patna, Bihar: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern India. Cureus 2023; 15:e39033. [PMID: 37323342 PMCID: PMC10266301 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Of all the adolescents in India, 7.3% are suffering from some form of mental disorder. They frequently use tobacco to cope with these problems, but get stuck in a vicious cycle of deteriorating mental health. Our study aimed to determine the effect of tobacco on the mental health status of adolescents studying in the 9th to 12th standards in 10 high schools in urban and rural areas near Patna, Bihar. Methodology An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 school-going adolescents recruited using stratified random sampling. Selected adolescents were given the Indian Adolescent Health Questionnaire. The mental health status was calculated from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) score. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco use was also obtained. Independent t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis were used for predicting the significant factors. Significance was set at p-values <0.05. Results In this study, 40 (11.1%) adolescents had abnormal whereas 55 (15.3%) had borderline overall SDQ scores. The majority of those affected had peer problems (40%) and conduct problems (24.7%). All SDQ components of conduct (F = 2.94, p = 0.013), hyperactivity (F = 2.90, p = 0.014), emotional problems (F = 1.14, p = 0.001), and peer pressure (F = 3.06, p = 0.010), as well as the overall SDQ score (F = 5.74, p < 0.001), were significantly associated with increasing age. The adolescents attending rural schools (13.28 ± 5.22, p = 0.047) had significantly higher SDQ scores than those attending urban schools (12.08 ± 5.60). Hyperactivity scores were significantly higher in those studying in class 10 compared to other classes and in those attending rural rather than urban schools. Emotional problems score was significantly higher in 16-17-year-old students than in 14-15-year-old students, in females than in males, and in class 10 than in class 9 students. Only 24 (6.7%) adolescents had a history of tobacco consumption at least once which was significantly associated with the SDQ score (17.71 ± 5.69; t = 4.95, df = 358, p < 0.001). Around 79.4% of adolescents were exposed to passive smoking from close friends which deteriorated their overall mental health status (14.50 ± 5.99; F = 6.29, df = 2,357, p = 0.002). Those who had smoked for more than 10 days had significantly greater conduct problems and lesser pro-social behavior. Overall, 96.1% agreed that tobacco is harmful to health, and 76.1% had seen anti-smoking messages in the media. Female gender, increasing class and age, and history of smoking or chewing tobacco at least once also led to a significant increase in emotional problems. Age, area of the school, history of tobacco consumption, and exposure to cigarette smoke by either a close friend or male guardian had a significant impact on the conduct, hyperactivity, peer problems, and overall mental health status of school-going adolescents. Conclusions Predicting risk factors such as age, area of the school, and the history of tobacco consumption by self or by close friends is important for decision-making by school administration regarding counseling for mental health and preventing tobacco use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Roy
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Chandramani Singh
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ranjan GK, Gandhi S, Sivakumar T. Experiences of the Occupational Therapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37360915 PMCID: PMC10068722 DOI: 10.1007/s40737-023-00338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Occupational therapy has been impacted by the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic and has transitioned from a traditional face-to-face therapy method to an online one. In the wake of the pandemic, occupational therapist faced the challenge of providing online services to people with disabilities. The review aimed to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the experience of occupational therapists in psychiatric rehabilitation settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the challenges posed by changes in the mode of training were examined. Electronic database search included PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycNET, Cochrane Library, Ovid, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SAGE Journals, Elsevier Science Direct, Springer, Wiley Online Library, JAMA Psychiatry, and Society E-Journals. Inclusion criteria were studies describing the experience of the occupational therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic in psychiatric rehabilitation settings. A systematic search identified 8 studies included quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodology conducted between 2020 and 2022. The findings from the reviewed articles revealed that the complexities and challenges faced by occupational therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic were professional, personal, and organizational; innovative practices were implemented in the psychiatric settings. The review findings expressed both positive (accepting a new mode of training, time saving) and negative experiences (problems with interaction & internet) perceived by the rehabilitation professionals. Enhancing the training of occupational therapists will help in easing the access and know-how of using telerehabilitation services for patients and coping with COVID-19-like situations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sailaxmi Gandhi
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental, Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Thanapal Sivakumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Services, NIMHANS (INI), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kasturkar P, Sebastian ST, Gawai J, Dukare KP, Uke T, Wanjari MB. Assessing the Efficacy of Mental Health Assessment Training for Accredited Social Health Activists Workers in Rural India: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e37855. [PMID: 37213998 PMCID: PMC10199160 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health issues are a major concern in rural India, but the lack of trained professionals limits access to care. In this pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy of a mental health assessment training program for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) in rural Maharashtra, India. Aim and objective To conduct a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and potential efficacy of Mental Health Assessment Training by using the Global Mental Health Assessment Tool-Primary Care Marathi Android version (GMHAT/PC-M) on ASHA workers in the Wardha district to identify mental health problems. Methods The study enrolled 12 ASHA workers from two rural health centers in Maharashtra. The workers completed a pretest and then received training in mental health assessment using the GMHAT/PC Marathi Android version. Mental health knowledge and global mental health assessment tool checklist scale scores were assessed on day seven, month one, and month three after training. Results The ASHA workers had a mean age of 42.2 years and a mean experience of 9.6 years. The majority were Hindus (50%), with the remaining workers being Buddhist. Of the 12 workers, only four had prior mental health training. Mental health knowledge and global mental health assessment tool checklist scale score significantly improved from the pretest to day seven (p<0.001), and the scores continued to improve at month one and month three with a 0.001 level of significance. At the end of the study, the mean mental health knowledge score was 15.2 (out of 20), and the mean global mental health assessment tool checklist scale score was 55.5 (out of 60). Conclusion Our pilot study demonstrated the effectiveness of a mental health assessment training program for ASHA workers in rural Maharashtra, India, using the GMHAT/PC Marathi Android version. The training program improved the mental health knowledge and GMHAT checklist scale of the ASHA workers, suggesting that such programs can help bridge the gap in mental health care in rural areas. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this training program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kasturkar
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sr Tessy Sebastian
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jaya Gawai
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Kavita P Dukare
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Trupti Uke
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur B Wanjari
- Department of Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abrol D, Chandel RK, Ali M, Bhagat S, Sharma VK. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients: A cross-sectional study. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:713-719. [PMID: 37470599 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1348_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has globally impacted not only physical wellbeing but also the mental aspects in a far more extensive manner. The prevalence of psychological issues in cancer patients is much higher than in the general population, and the same has been impacted more during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to estimate the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of cancer patients with no prior history of any form of mental disease. Methodology A cross-sectional study of both inpatients and outpatients undergoing treatment and follow-up for different forms of cancer was conducted, and patients were assessed for perceived risk, anxiety, and depression. Results Among the total of 150 participants, 31.8% of patients reported fear and concern. The major concern was regarding fear of treatment delay and fear of getting lonely. Over the prevalence of anxiety disorder with a cut-off score of ≥10 based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Depression Health Questionnaire-9 were 34% and 24%, respectively. Patient with female gender, married, being treated for ovarian cancer and who does not have metastatic changes were more anxious. Depressive symptoms were more in female patients, those who are married, and in the group with treatment delay due to COVID-19. Conclusion There is urgent need for psychological intervention among cancer patients as there is an increase in mental health problems in this special group due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Abrol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Government Medical College, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Chandel
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mustafa Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shaveta Bhagat
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vimal Kumar Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Government Medical College, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|