1
|
Dowaidar M. Uptake pathways of cell-penetrating peptides in the context of drug delivery, gene therapy, and vaccine development. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111116. [PMID: 38408550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides have been extensively utilized for the purpose of facilitating the intracellular delivery of cargo that is impermeable to the cell membrane. The researchers have exhibited proficient delivery capabilities for oligonucleotides, thereby establishing cell-penetrating peptides as a potent instrument in the field of gene therapy. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a high level of efficiency in delivering several additional payloads. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) possess the capability to efficiently transport therapeutic molecules to specific cells, hence offering potential remedies for many illnesses. Hence, their utilization is imperative for the improvement of therapeutic vaccines. In contemporary studies, a plethora of cell-penetrating peptides have been unveiled, each characterized by its own distinct structural attributes and associated mechanisms. Although it is widely acknowledged that there are multiple pathways through which particles might be internalized, a comprehensive understanding of the specific mechanisms by which these particles enter cells has to be fully elucidated. The absorption of cell-penetrating peptides can occur through either direct translocation or endocytosis. However, it is worth noting that categories of cell-penetrating peptides are not commonly linked to specific entrance mechanisms. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) possess the capacity to enhance antigen uptake by cells and facilitate the traversal of various biological barriers. The primary objective of this work is to examine the mechanisms by which cell-penetrating peptides are internalized by cells and their significance in facilitating the administration of drugs, particularly in the context of gene therapy and vaccine development. The current study investigates the immunostimulatory properties of numerous vaccine components administered using different cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This study encompassed a comprehensive discussion on various topics, including the uptake pathways and mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), the utilization of CPPs as innovative vectors for gene therapy, the role of CPPs in vaccine development, and the potential of CPPs for antigen delivery in the context of vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- Bioengineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Biosystems and Machines Research Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gharatape A, Sadeghi-Abandansari H, Seifalian A, Faridi-Majidi R, Basiri M. Nanocarrier-based gene delivery for immune cell engineering. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3356-3375. [PMID: 38505950 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Clinical advances in genetically modified immune cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, have raised hope for cancer treatment. The majority of these biotechnologies are based on viral methods for ex vivo genetic modification of the immune cells, while the non-viral methods are still in the developmental phase. Nanocarriers have been emerging as materials of choice for gene delivery to immune cells. This is due to their versatile physicochemical properties such as large surface area and size that can be optimized to overcome several practical barriers to successful gene delivery. The in vivo nanocarrier-based gene delivery can revolutionize cell-based cancer immunotherapies by replacing the current expensive autologous cell manufacturing with an off-the-shelf biomaterial-based platform. The aim of this research is to review current advances and strategies to overcome the challenges in nanoparticle-based gene delivery and their impact on the efficiency, safety, and specificity of the process. The main focus is on polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers, and their recent preclinical applications for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gharatape
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Sadeghi-Abandansari
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, & Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology and Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu J, Roesger S, Jones N, Hu CMJ, Li SD. Cell-penetrating peptides for transmucosal delivery of proteins. J Control Release 2024; 366:864-878. [PMID: 38272399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Enabling non-invasive delivery of proteins across the mucosal barriers promises improved patient compliance and therapeutic efficacies. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are emerging as a promising and versatile tool to enhance protein and peptide permeation across various mucosal barriers. This review examines the structural and physicochemical attributes of the nasal, buccal, sublingual, and oral mucosa that hamper macromolecular delivery. Recent development of CPPs for overcoming those mucosal barriers for protein delivery is summarized and analyzed. Perspectives regarding current challenges and future research directions towards improving non-invasive transmucosal delivery of macromolecules for ultimate clinical translation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sophie Roesger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Natalie Jones
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Che-Ming J Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khairkhah N, Namvar A, Bolhassani A. Application of Cell Penetrating Peptides as a Promising Drug Carrier to Combat Viral Infections. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1387-1402. [PMID: 36719639 PMCID: PMC9888354 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel effective drugs or therapeutic vaccines have been already developed to eradicate viral infections. Some non-viral carriers have been used for effective drug delivery to a target cell or tissue. Among them, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) attracted a special interest to enhance drug delivery into the cells with low toxicity. They were also applied to transfer peptide/protein-based and nucleic acids-based therapeutic vaccines against viral infections. CPPs-conjugated drugs or vaccines were investigated in several viral infections including poliovirus, Ebola, coronavirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and influenza A virus. Some studies showed that the uptake of CPPs or CPPs-conjugated drugs can be performed through both non-endocytic and endocytic pathways. Despite high potential of CPPs for cargo delivery, there are some serious drawbacks such as non-tissue-specificity, instability, and suboptimal pharmacokinetics features that limit their clinical applications. At present, some solutions are utilized to improve the CPPs properties such as conjugation of CPPs with targeting moieties, the use of fusogenic lipids, generation of the proton sponge effect, etc. Up to now, no CPP or composition containing CPPs has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to the lack of sufficient in vivo studies on stability, immunological assays, toxicity, and endosomal escape of CPPs. In this review, we briefly describe the properties, uptake mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages, and improvement of intracellular delivery, and bioavailability of cell penetrating peptides. Moreover, we focus on their application as an effective drug carrier to combat viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khairkhah
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Namvar
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fatima GN, Maurya P, Nishtha, Saraf SK. In-situ Gels for Brain Delivery: Breaching the Barriers. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3240-3253. [PMID: 37534480 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230803114513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates blood and chemical exchange in the central nervous system. It is made up of brain parenchyma capillary endothelial cells. It separates the interstitial cerebrospinal fluid from the circulation and limits brain drug entry. Peptides, antibodies, and even tiny hydrophilic biomolecules cannot flow across the BBB due to their semi-permeability. It protects the brain from poisons, chemicals, and pathogens, and blood cells penetrate brain tissue. BBB-facilitated carrier molecules allow selective permeability of nutrients such as D-glucose, L-lactic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-arginine, and hormones, especially steroid hormones. Brain barriers prevent drug molecules from entering, making medication delivery difficult. Drugs can reach specific brain regions through the nasal cavity, making it a preferred route. The in-situ gels are mucoadhesive, which extends their stay in the nasal cavity, allows them to penetrate deep and makes them a dependable way of transporting numerous medications, including peptides and proteins, straight into the central nervous system. This approach holds great potential for neurological therapy as they deliver drugs directly to the central nervous system, with less interference and better drug release control. The brain affects daily life by processing sensory stimuli, controlling movement and behaviour, and sustaining mental, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Unlike systemic routes, the nasal mucosa is extensively vascularized and directly contacts olfactory sensory neurons. Compared to the systemic circulation, this improves brain bioavailability of medications. Drugs can be delivered to the brain using in-situ gel formulations safely and efficiently, with a greater therapeutic impact than with traditional techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gul Naz Fatima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Sector II, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Sector II, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Nishtha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Sector II, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Shailendra K Saraf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Sector II, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hasannejad-Asl B, Pooresmaeil F, Takamoli S, Dabiri M, Bolhassani A. Cell penetrating peptide: A potent delivery system in vaccine development. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1072685. [PMID: 36425579 PMCID: PMC9679422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1072685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to most medication administrations (such as the vaccine constructs) is the cellular membrane's inadequate permeability, which reduces their efficiency. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or protein transduction domains (PTDs) are well-known as potent biological nanocarriers to overcome this natural barrier, and to deliver membrane-impermeable substances into cells. The physicochemical properties of CPPs, the attached cargo, concentration, and cell type substantially influence the internalization mechanism. Although the exact mechanism of cellular uptake and the following processing of CPPs are still uncertain; but however, they can facilitate intracellular transfer through both endocytic and non-endocytic pathways. Improved endosomal escape efficiency, selective cell targeting, and improved uptake, processing, and presentation of antigen by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have been reported by CPPs. Different in vitro and in vivo investigations using CPP conjugates show their potential as therapeutic agents in various medical areas such as infectious and non-infectious disorders. Effective treatments for a variety of diseases may be provided by vaccines that can cooperatively stimulate T cell-mediated immunity (T helper cell activity or cytotoxic T cell function), and immunologic memory. Delivery of antigen epitopes to APCs, and generation of a potent immune response is essential for an efficacious vaccine that can be facilitated by CPPs. The current review describes the delivery of numerous vaccine components by various CPPs and their immunostimulatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Hasannejad-Asl
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pooresmaeil
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Takamoli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehran Dabiri
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Genetic Kidney Diseases (GKDs) Modeling Using Genome Editing Technologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091571. [PMID: 35563876 PMCID: PMC9105797 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic kidney diseases (GKDs) are a group of rare diseases, affecting approximately about 60 to 80 per 100,000 individuals, for which there is currently no treatment that can cure them (in many cases). GKDs usually leads to early-onset chronic kidney disease, which results in patients having to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant. Here, we briefly describe genetic causes and phenotypic effects of six GKDs representative of different ranges of prevalence and renal involvement (ciliopathy, glomerulopathy, and tubulopathy). One of the shared characteristics of GKDs is that most of them are monogenic. This characteristic makes it possible to use site-specific nuclease systems to edit the genes that cause GKDs and generate in vitro and in vivo models that reflect the genetic abnormalities of GKDs. We describe and compare these site-specific nuclease systems (zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effect nucleases (TALENs) and regularly clustered short palindromic repeat-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas9)) and review how these systems have allowed the generation of cellular and animal GKDs models and how they have contributed to shed light on many still unknown fields in GKDs. We also indicate the main obstacles limiting the application of these systems in a more efficient way. The information provided here will be useful to gain an accurate understanding of the technological advances in the field of genome editing for GKDs, as well as to serve as a guide for the selection of both the genome editing tool and the gene delivery method most suitable for the successful development of GKDs models.
Collapse
|
8
|
An all-in-one adjuvanted therapeutic cancer vaccine targeting dendritic cell cytosol induces long-lived tumor suppression through NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Unleashing cell-penetrating peptide applications for immunotherapy. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:482-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
About 30 years ago, the discovery of CPP improved the therapeutic approach to treat diseases and extended the range of potential targets to intracellular molecules. There are potential drug candidates for FDA approval based on active studies in basic research, preclinical, and clinical trials. Various attempts by CPP application to control the diseases such as allergy, autoimmunity, cancer, and infection demonstrated a strategy to make a new drug pipeline for successful discovery of a biologic drug for immune modulation. However, there are still no CPP-based drug candidates for immune-related diseases in the clinical stage. To control immune responses successfully, not only increasing delivery efficiency of CPPs but also selecting potential target cells and cargoes could be important issues. In particular, as it becomes possible to control intracellular targets, efforts to find various novel potential target are being attempted. In this chapter, we focused on CPP-based approaches to treat diseases through modulation of immune responses and discussed for perspectives on future direction of the research for successful application of CPP technology to immune modulation and disease therapy in clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zorko M, Jones S, Langel Ü. Cell-penetrating peptides in protein mimicry and cancer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114044. [PMID: 34774552 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has been undertaken in the pursuit of anticancer therapeutics. Many anticancer drugs require specificity of delivery to cancer cells, whilst sparing healthy tissue. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), now well established as facilitators of intracellular delivery, have in recent years advanced to incorporate target specificity and thus possess great potential for the targeted delivery of anticancer cargoes. Though none have yet been approved for clinical use, this novel technology has already entered clinical trials. In this review we present CPPs, discuss their classification, mechanisms of cargo internalization and highlight strategies for conjugation to anticancer moieties including their incorporation into therapeutic proteins. As the mainstay of this review, strategies to build specificity into tumor targeting CPP constructs through exploitation of the tumor microenvironment and the use of tumor homing peptides are discussed, whilst acknowledging the extensive contribution made by CPP constructs to target specific protein-protein interactions integral to intracellular signaling pathways associated with tumor cell survival and progression. Finally, antibody/antigen CPP conjugates and their potential roles in cancer immunotherapy and diagnostics are considered. In summary, this review aims to harness the potential of CPP-aided drug delivery for future cancer therapies and diagnostics whilst highlighting some of the most recent achievements in selective delivery of anticancer drugs, including cytostatic drugs, to a range of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Zorko
- University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sarah Jones
- University of Wolverhampton, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Ülo Langel
- University of Stockholm, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Svante Arrhenius väg 16, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia 50411, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Potential of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) in delivery of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 169:106094. [PMID: 34896590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are a great threat to human health. Currently, there are no effective vaccines and antiviral drugs against the majority of viral diseases, suggesting the need to develop novel and effective antiviral agents. Since the intracellular delivery of antiviral agents, particularly the impermeable molecules, such as peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids, are essential to exert their therapeutic effects, using a delivery system is highly required. Among various delivery systems, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), a group of short peptides with the unique ability of crossing cell membrane, offer great potential for the intracellular delivery of various biologically active cargoes. The results of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies with CPP conjugates demonstrate their promise as therapeutic agents in various medical fields including antiviral therapy. The CPP-mediated delivery of various antiviral agents including peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and nanocarriers have been associated with therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. This review describes various aspects of viruses including their biology, pathogenesis, and therapy and briefly discusses the concept of CPP and its potential in drug delivery. Particularly, it will highlight a variety of CPP applications in the management of viral infections.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wylie B, Ong F, Belhoul-Fakir H, Priebatsch K, Bogdawa H, Stirnweiss A, Watt P, Cunningham P, Stone SR, Waithman J. Targeting Cross-Presentation as a Route to Improve the Efficiency of Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6189. [PMID: 34944809 PMCID: PMC8699136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-presenting dendritic cells (DC) offer an attractive target for vaccination due to their unique ability to process exogenous antigens for presentation on MHC class I molecules. Recent reports have established that these DC express unique surface receptors and play a critical role in the initiation of anti-tumor immunity, opening the way for the development of vaccination strategies specifically targeting these cells. This study investigated whether targeting cross-presenting DC by two complementary mechanisms could improve vaccine effectiveness, in both a viral setting and in a murine melanoma model. Our novel vaccine construct contained the XCL1 ligand, to target uptake to XCR1+ cross-presenting DC, and a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) with endosomal escape properties, to enhance antigen delivery into the cross-presentation pathway. Using a prime-boost regimen, we demonstrated robust expansion of antigen-specific T cells following vaccination with our CPP-linked peptide vaccine and protective immunity against HSV-1 skin infection, where vaccine epitopes were natively expressed by the virus. Additionally, our novel vaccination strategy slowed tumor outgrowth in a B16 murine melanoma model, compared to adjuvant only controls, suggesting antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity was generated following vaccination. These findings suggest that novel strategies to target the antigen cross-presentation pathway in DC may be beneficial for the generation of anti-tumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wylie
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Ferrer Ong
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Hanane Belhoul-Fakir
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
| | | | | | - Anja Stirnweiss
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul Watt
- Avicena, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Paula Cunningham
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Shane R. Stone
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang G, Liu W, Gao Z, Yang S, Zhou G, Chang Y, Ma Y, Liang X, Shao J, Chang H. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant proteins comprising African swine fever virus proteins p30 and p54 fused to a cell-penetrating peptide. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108251. [PMID: 34715492 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal swine disease threatening the global pig industry. Currently, vaccine is not commercially available for ASF. Hence, it is desirable to develop effective subunit vaccines against ASF. Here, we expressed and purified two recombinant fusion proteins comprising ASFV proteins p30 and p54 fused to a novel cell-penetrating peptide Z12, which were labeled as ZPM (Z12-p30-modified p54) and ZPMT (Z12-p30-modified p54-T cell epitope). Purified recombinant p30 and modified p54 expressed alone or fused served as controls. The transduction capacity of these recombinant proteins was assessed in RAW264.7 cells. Both ZPM and ZPMT exhibited higher transduction efficiency than the other proteins. Subsequently, humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by these proteins were evaluated in mice. ZPMT elicited the highest levels of antigen-specific IgG responses, cytokines (interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and lymphocyte proliferation. Importantly, sera from mice immunized with ZPM or ZPMT neutralized greater than 85% of ASFV in vitro. Our results indicate that ZPMT induces potent neutralizing antibody responses and cellular immunity in mice. Therefore, ZPMT may be a suitable candidate to elicit immune responses in swine, providing valuable information for the development of subunit vaccines against ASF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yanyan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaxia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sadiq IZ, Muhammad A, Mada SB, Ibrahim B, Umar UA. Biotherapeutic effect of cell-penetrating peptides against microbial agents: a review. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1995285. [PMID: 34694961 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1995285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective permeability of biological membranes represents a significant barrier to the delivery of therapeutic substances into both microorganisms and mammalian cells, restricting the access of drugs into intracellular pathogens. Cell-penetrating peptides usually 5-30 amino acids with the characteristic ability to penetrate biological membranes have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents for treating infections as well as an effective delivery modality for biological conjugates such as nucleic acids, drugs, vaccines, nanoparticles, and therapeutic antibodies. However, several factors such as antimicrobial resistance and poor drug delivery of the existing medications justify the urgent need for developing a new class of antimicrobials. Herein, we review cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) used to treat microbial infections. Although these peptides are biologically active for infections, effective transduction into membranes and cargo transport, serum stability, and half-life must be improved for optimum functions and development of next-generation antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi Bello Mada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Bashiru Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Umar Aliyu Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim WJ, Kim GR, Cho HJ, Choi JM. The Cysteine-Containing Cell-Penetrating Peptide AP Enables Efficient Macromolecule Delivery to T Cells and Controls Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081134. [PMID: 34452095 PMCID: PMC8401785 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are key immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, rendering them important therapeutic targets. Although drug delivery to T cells is the subject of continuous research, it remains challenging to deliver drugs to primary T cells. Here, we used a peptide-based drug delivery system, AP, which was previously developed as a transdermal delivery peptide, to modulate T cell function. We first identified that AP-conjugated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was efficiently delivered to non-phagocytic human T cells. We also confirmed that a nine-amino acid sequence with one cysteine residue was the optimal sequence for protein delivery to T cells. Next, we identified the biodistribution of AP-dTomato protein in vivo after systemic administration, and transduced it to various tissues, such as the spleen, liver, intestines, and even to the brain across the blood–brain barrier. Next, to confirm AP-based T cell regulation, we synthesized the AP-conjugated cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4, AP-ctCTLA-4 peptide. AP-ctCTLA-4 reduced IL-17A expression under Th17 differentiation conditions in vitro and ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with decreased numbers of pathogenic IL-17A+GM-CSF+ CD4 T cells. These results collectively suggest the AP peptide can be used for the successful intracellular regulation of T cell function, especially in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (G.-R.K.); (H.-J.C.)
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Gil-Ran Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (G.-R.K.); (H.-J.C.)
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (G.-R.K.); (H.-J.C.)
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (G.-R.K.); (H.-J.C.)
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2220-4765
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ruseska I, Fresacher K, Petschacher C, Zimmer A. Use of Protamine in Nanopharmaceuticals-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1508. [PMID: 34200384 PMCID: PMC8230241 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular biomolecules are currently dethroning classical small molecule therapeutics because of their improved targeting and delivery properties. Protamine-a small polycationic peptide-represents a promising candidate. In nature, it binds and protects DNA against degradation during spermatogenesis due to electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged DNA-phosphate backbone and the positively charged protamine. Researchers are mimicking this technique to develop innovative nanopharmaceutical drug delivery systems, incorporating protamine as a carrier for biologically active components such as DNA or RNA. The first part of this review highlights ongoing investigations in the field of protamine-associated nanotechnology, discussing the self-assembling manufacturing process and nanoparticle engineering. Immune-modulating properties of protamine are those that lead to the second key part, which is protamine in novel vaccine technologies. Protamine-based RNA delivery systems in vaccines (some belong to the new class of mRNA-vaccines) against infectious disease and their use in cancer treatment are reviewed, and we provide an update on the current state of latest developments with protamine as pharmaceutical excipient for vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.R.); (K.F.); (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jiang J. Cell-penetrating Peptide-mediated Nanovaccine Delivery. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:896-912. [PMID: 33538670 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210203193225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination with small antigens, such as proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids, is used to activate the immune system and trigger the protective immune responses against a pathogen. Currently, nanovaccines are undergoing development instead of conventional vaccines. The size of nanovaccines is in the range of 10-500 nm, which enables them to be readily taken up by cells and exhibit improved safety profiles. However, low-level immune responses, as the removal of redundant pathogens, trigger counter-effective activation of the immune system invalidly and present a challenging obstacle to antigen recognition and its uptake via antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In addition, toxicity can be substantial. To overcome these problems, a variety of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated vaccine delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been proposed, most of which are designed to improve the stability of antigens in vivo and their delivery into immune cells. CPPs are particularly attractive components of antigen delivery. Thus, the unique translocation property of CPPs ensures that they remain an attractive carrier with the capacity to deliver cargo in an efficient manner for the application of drugs, gene transfer, protein, and DNA/RNA vaccination delivery. CPP-mediated nanovaccines can enhance antigen uptake, processing, and presentation by APCs, which are the fundamental steps in initiating an immune response. This review describes the different types of CPP-based nanovaccines delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim GC, Cheon DH, Lee Y. Challenge to overcome current limitations of cell-penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140604. [PMID: 33453413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The penetration of biological membranes is a prime obstacle for the delivery of pharmaceutical drugs. Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is an efficient vehicle that can deliver various cargos across the biological membranes. Since the discovery, CPPs have been rigorously studied to unveil the underlying penetrating mechanism as well as to exploit CPPs for various biomedical applications. This review will focus on the various strategies to overcome current limitations regarding stability, selectivity, and efficacy of CPPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Chan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hee Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Batchu RB, Gruzdyn OV, Kolli BK, Dachepalli R, Umar PS, Rai SK, Singh N, Tavva PS, Weaver DW, Gruber SA. IL-10 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:51-65. [PMID: 33559854 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other malignancies, ovarian cancer (OC) creates a complex tumor microenvironment with distinctive peritoneal ascites consisting of a mixture of several immunosuppressive cells which impair the ability of the patient's immune system to fight the disease. The poor survival rates observed in advanced stage OC patients and the lack of effective conventional therapeutic options have been attributed in large part to the immature dendritic cells (DCs), IL-10 secreting regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and cancer stem cells that secrete inhibitory cytokines. This review highlights the critical role played by the intraperitoneal presence of IL-10 in the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Further, the effect of antibody neutralization of IL-10 on the efficacy of DC and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell vaccines will be discussed. Moreover, we will review the influence of IL-10 in the promotion of cancer stemness in concert with the NF-κB signaling pathway with regard to OC progression. Finally, understanding the role of IL-10 and its crosstalk with various cells in the ascitic fluid may contribute to the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches with the potential to kill drug-resistant OC cells while minimizing toxic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B Batchu
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Oksana V Gruzdyn
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bala K Kolli
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.,Med Manor Organics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Prem S Umar
- Med Manor Organics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott A Gruber
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yip BH. Recent Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Strategies. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060839. [PMID: 32486234 PMCID: PMC7356196 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has revolutionized the field of gene editing. Continuous efforts in developing this technology have enabled efficient in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo gene editing through a variety of delivery strategies. Viral vectors are commonly used in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo delivery systems, but they can cause insertional mutagenesis, have limited cloning capacity, and/or elicit immunologic responses. Physical delivery methods are largely restricted to in vitro and ex vivo systems, whereas chemical delivery methods require extensive optimization to improve their efficiency for in vivo gene editing. Achieving a safe and efficient in vivo delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 remains the most challenging aspect of gene editing. Recently, extracellular vesicle-based systems were reported in various studies to deliver Cas9 in vitro and in vivo. In comparison with other methods, extracellular vesicles offer a safe, transient, and cost-effective yet efficient platform for delivery, indicating their potential for Cas9 delivery in clinical trials. In this review, we first discuss the pros and cons of different Cas9 delivery strategies. We then specifically review the development of extracellular vesicle-mediated gene editing and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bon Ham Yip
- Vector Development and Production Laboratory, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ribonucleic Acid Engineering of Dendritic Cells for Therapeutic Vaccination: Ready 'N Able to Improve Clinical Outcome? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020299. [PMID: 32012714 PMCID: PMC7072269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting and exploiting the immune system has become a valid alternative to conventional options for treating cancer and infectious disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) take a central place given their role as key orchestrators of immunity. Therapeutic vaccination with autologous DCs aims to stimulate the patient's own immune system to specifically target his/her disease and has proven to be an effective form of immunotherapy with very little toxicity. A great amount of research in this field has concentrated on engineering these DCs through ribonucleic acid (RNA) to improve vaccine efficacy and thereby the historically low response rates. We reviewed in depth the 52 clinical trials that have been published on RNA-engineered DC vaccination, spanning from 2001 to date and reporting on 696 different vaccinated patients. While ambiguity prevents reliable quantification of effects, these trials do provide evidence that RNA-modified DC vaccination can induce objective clinical responses and survival benefit in cancer patients through stimulation of anti-cancer immunity, without significant toxicity. Succinct background knowledge of RNA engineering strategies and concise conclusions from available clinical and recent preclinical evidence will help guide future research in the larger domain of DC immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Machado FC, Girola N, Maia VSC, Bergami-Santos PC, Morais AS, Azevedo RA, Figueiredo CR, Barbuto JAM, Travassos LR. Immunomodulatory Protective Effects of Rb9 Cyclic-Peptide in a Metastatic Melanoma Setting and the Involvement of Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3122. [PMID: 32010152 PMCID: PMC6974543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic VHCDR3-derived peptide (Rb9) from RebMab200 antibody, directed to a NaPi2B phosphate-transport protein, displayed anti-metastatic melanoma activity at 50–300 μg intraperitoneally injected in syngeneic mice. Immune deficient mice failed to respond to the peptide protective effect. Rb9 induced increased CD8+ T and low Foxp3+ T cell infiltration in lung metastases and high IFN-γ and low TGF-β in lymphoid organs. The peptide co-localized with F-actin and a nuclear site in dendritic cells and specifically bound to MIF and CD74 in a dot-blot setting. Murine bone-marrow dendritic cells preincubated with Rb9 for 6 h were treated with MIF for short time periods. The modulated responses showed stimulation of CD74 and inhibition of pPI3K, pERK, and pNF-κB as compared to MIF alone. Rb9 in a melanoma-conditioned medium, stimulated the M1 type conversion in bone marrow-macrophages. Functional aspects of Rb9 in vivo were studied in therapeutic and prophylactic protocols using a melanoma metastatic model. In both protocols Rb9 exhibited a marked anti-melanoma protection. Human dendritic cells were also investigated showing increased expression of surface markers in response to Rb9 incubation. Rb9 either stimulated or slightly inhibited moDCs submitted to inhibitory (TGF-β and IL-10) or activating (LPS) conditions, respectively. Lymphocyte proliferation was obtained with moDCs stimulated by Rb9 and tumor cell lysate. In moDCs from cancer patients Rb9 exerted immunomodulatory activities depending on their functional status. The peptide may inhibit over-stimulated cells, stimulate poorly activated and suppressed cells, or cause instead, little phenotypic and functional alterations. Recently, the interaction MIF-CD74 has been associated to PD-L1 expression and IFN-γ, suggesting a target for melanoma treatment. The effects described for Rb9 and the protection against metastatic melanoma may suggest the possibility of a peptide reagent that could be relevant when associated to modern immunotherapeutic procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício C Machado
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Girola
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera S C Maia
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Bergami-Santos
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Figueiredo
- Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,MediCity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - José A M Barbuto
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kardani K, Milani A, H Shabani S, Bolhassani A. Cell penetrating peptides: the potent multi-cargo intracellular carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1227-1258. [PMID: 31583914 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1676720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) known as protein translocation domains (PTD), membrane translocating sequences (MTS), or Trojan peptides (TP) are able to cross biological membranes without clear toxicity using different mechanisms, and facilitate the intracellular delivery of a variety of bioactive cargos. CPPs could overcome some limitations of drug delivery and combat resistant strains against a broad range of diseases. Despite delivery of different therapeutic molecules by CPPs, they lack cell specificity and have a short duration of action. These limitations led to design of combined cargo delivery systems and subsequently improvement of their clinical applications. Areas covered: This review covers all our studies and other researchers in different aspects of CPPs such as classification, uptake mechanisms, and biomedical applications. Expert opinion: Due to low cytotoxicity of CPPs as compared to other carriers and final degradation to amino acids, they are suitable for preclinical and clinical studies. Generally, the efficiency of CPPs was suitable to penetrate the cell membrane and deliver different cargos to specific intracellular sites. However, no CPP-based therapeutic approach has approved by FDA, yet; because there are some disadvantages for CPPs including short half-life in blood, and nonspecific CPP-mediated delivery to normal tissue. Thus, some methods were used to develop the functions of CPPs in vitro and in vivo including the augmentation of cell specificity by activatable CPPs, specific transport into cell organelles by insertion of corresponding localization sequences, incorporation of CPPs into multifunctional dendrimeric or liposomal nanocarriers to improve selectivity and efficiency especially in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samaneh H Shabani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gross DA, Leborgne C, Chappert P, Masurier C, Leboeuf M, Monteilhet V, Boutin S, Lemonnier FA, Davoust J, Kichler A. Induction of tumor-specific CTL responses using the C-terminal fragment of Viral protein R as cell penetrating peptide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3937. [PMID: 30850685 PMCID: PMC6408526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of tumor-associated antigens recognized by T lymphocytes opens the possibility of vaccinating cancer patients with defined antigens. However, one of the major limitation of peptide-based vaccines is the low immunogenicity of antigenic peptides. Interestingly, if these epitopes are directly delivered into the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells, they can be efficiently presented via the direct MHC class I presentation pathway. To improve antigen entry, one promising approach is the use of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). However, most studies use a covalent binding of the CPP with the antigen. In the present study, we focused on the C-terminal domain of Vpr which was previously demonstrated to efficiently deliver plasmid DNA into cells. We provide evidence that the peptides Vpr55-91 and Vpr55-82 possess the capacity of delivering proteins and epitopes into cell lines as well as into human primary dendritic cells, without the necessicity for a chemical linkage. Moreover, immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic mice with Vpr55-91 as the sole adjuvant is able to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes against multiple tumor epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Gross
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France. .,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR8253, Paris, France.
| | | | - P Chappert
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR8253, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - S Boutin
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France
| | - F A Lemonnier
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - J Davoust
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR8253, Paris, France
| | - A Kichler
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France. .,Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives UMR7199 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401, Illkirch, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shrestha A, Sadeyen JR, Iqbal M. Enhancing Protective Efficacy of Poultry Vaccines through Targeted Delivery of Antigens to Antigen-Presenting Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:E75. [PMID: 30445683 PMCID: PMC6313852 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian viral diseases including avian influenza, Marek's disease and Newcastle disease are detrimental to economies around the world that depend on the poultry trade. A significant zoonotic threat is also posed by avian influenza viruses. Vaccination is an important and widely used method for controlling these poultry diseases. However, the current vaccines do not provide full protection or sterile immunity. Hence, there is a need to develop improved vaccines. The major aim of developing improved vaccines is to induce strong and specific humoral and cellular immunity in vaccinated animals. One strategy used to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines is the selective delivery of protective antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells. APCs have a central role in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses through their ability to capture, process and present antigens to T and B cells. Vaccine technology that selectively targets APCs has been achieved by coupling antigens to monoclonal antibodies or ligands that are targeted by APCs. The aim of this review is to discuss existing strategies of selective delivery of antigens to APCs for effective vaccine development in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angita Shrestha
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK.
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK.
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK.
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang J, Wang Q, Zhou F, Li J, Li Q, Zhou H, Li S, Ma S, Wen T. The antitumor effect of TAT-DCF1 peptide in glioma cells. Neuropeptides 2018; 71:21-31. [PMID: 30001801 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant brain cancer, thus, establishing an effective therapy is paramount. Our previous results indicate that dendritic cell-derived factor (DCF1) is an attractive candidate for therapy against Glioblastoma, since its overexpression in Glioblastoma U251 cells leads to apoptosis. However, the delivery approach limits its clinical application, in this paper, we expressed TAT-DCF1 fusion protein in E.coli in order to surmount its current delivery problems. METHODS The coding sequences of the different domains of DCF1 (full length, cytoplasmic, extracellular, 19-amino acid), together with the N-terminal transactivator of transcription (TAT) sequence, were amplified and subcloned into the bacterial expression vector pET30a(+) in order to produce (His)6-tagged fusion proteins. Coomassie blue-stained SDS-PAGE and Western blotting identification showed that purity of the fusion proteins. RESULTS Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry show that U251 cells were efficiently transduced with the fusion proteins. Cell viability, proliferation, and migration assays suggest that the complete TAT-DCF1 fusion protein significantly decreased U251 proliferation and migration. Flow cytometry further reveals that TAT-DCF1 triggered cellular apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings suggest that the TAT-DCF1 fusion protein was efficiently transduced into Glioblastoma U251 cells and induced the antitumor effect and support further investigation into specific targeting and side effects of TAT-DCF1 during drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qian Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shiman Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Sujuan Ma
- Animal Cell Engineering & Technology Research Center of Gansu, Northwest University for Nationalities, No. 1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brooks N, Hsu J, Esparon S, Pouniotis D, Pietersz GA. Immunogenicity of a Tripartite Cell Penetrating Peptide Containing a MUC1 Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) and A T Helper Epitope. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092233. [PMID: 30200528 PMCID: PMC6225367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based vaccines for cancer have many advantages however, for optimization these immunogens should incorporate peptide epitopes that induce CD8, as well as CD4 responses, antibody and long term immunity. Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) with a capacity of cytosolic delivery have been used to deliver antigenic peptides and proteins to antigen presenting cells to induce cytotoxic T cell, helper T cell and humoral responses in mice. For this study, a tripartite CPP including a mucin 1 (MUC1) variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) containing multiple T cell epitopes and tetanus toxoid universal T helper epitope peptide (tetCD4) was synthesised (AntpMAPMUC1tet) and immune responses investigated in mice. Mice vaccinated with AntpMAPMUC1tet + CpG show enhanced antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-4 T cell responses compared with AntpMAPMUC1tet vaccination alone and induced a Th1 response, characterised by a higher ratio of IgG2a antibody/IgG1 antibodies. Furthermore, vaccination generated long term MUC1-specific antibody and T cell responses and delayed growth of MUC1+ve tumours in mice. This data demonstrates the efficient delivery of branched multiple antigen peptides incorporating CPP and that the addition of CpG augments immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Brooks
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Hsu
- Bio-Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Dendritic Cell Biology and Therapeutics Group, ANZAC Medical Research Institute, Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Sandra Esparon
- Bio-Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Dodie Pouniotis
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey A Pietersz
- Bio-Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mechanistic insights into the efficacy of cell penetrating peptide-based cancer vaccines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2887-2896. [PMID: 29508006 PMCID: PMC6061156 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are increasingly used to treat cancer, with some outstanding results. Immunotherapy modalities include therapeutic vaccination to eliminate cancer cells through the activation of patient’s immune system against tumor-derived antigens. Nevertheless, the full potential of therapeutic vaccination has yet to be demonstrated clinically because many early generation vaccines elicited low-level immune responses targeting only few tumor antigens. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are highly promising tools to advance the field towards clinical success. CPPs efficiently penetrate cell membranes, even when linked to antigenic cargos, which can induce both CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated that targeting multiple tumor antigens, even those considered to be poorly immunogenic, led to tumor regression. Therefore, CPP-based cancer vaccines represent a flexible and powerful means to extend therapeutic vaccination to many cancer indications. Here, we review recent findings in CPP development and discuss their use in next generation immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim DH, Park HJ, Lim S, Koo JH, Lee HG, Choi JO, Oh JH, Ha SJ, Kang MJ, Lee CM, Lee CG, Elias JA, Choi JM. Regulation of chitinase-3-like-1 in T cell elicits Th1 and cytotoxic responses to inhibit lung metastasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:503. [PMID: 29403003 PMCID: PMC5799380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like-1 (Chi3l1) is known to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Type 2 inflammation and cancer. However, the function of Chi3l1 in T cell and its clinical implications are largely unknown. Here we show that Chi3l1 expression was increased in activated T cells, especially in Th2 cells. In addition, Chi3l1-deficient T cells are hyper-responsive to TcR stimulation and are prone to differentiating into Th1 cells. Chi3l1-deficient Th1 cells show increased expression of anti-tumor immunity genes and decreased Th1 negative regulators. Deletion of Chi3l1 in T cells in mice show reduced melanoma lung metastasis with increased IFNγ and TNFα-producing T cells in the lung. Furthermore, silencing of Chi3l1 expression in the lung using peptide-siRNA complex (dNP2-siChi3l1) efficiently inhibit lung metastasis with enhanced Th1 and CTL responses. Collectively, this study demonstrates Chi3l1 is a regulator of Th1 and CTL which could be a therapeutic target to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Chitinase-3-like-1 (Chi3l1) has been involved in inflammation and pulmonary metastasis. Here the authors show that Chi3l1 inhibits the T cell response by negatively regulating their activation and that, in a mouse model of melanoma, T cell-targeted silencing of Chi3l1 results in reduced lung metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jin Ouk Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jack A Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Collado Camps E, Brock R. An opportunistic route to success: Towards a change of paradigm to fully exploit the potential of cell-penetrating peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:2780-2787. [PMID: 29157727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
About 25years ago it was demonstrated that certain peptides possess the ability to cross the plasma membrane. This led to the development of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as vectors to mediate the cellular entry of (macro-)molecules that do not show cell entry by themselves. Nonetheless, in spite of an early bloom of promising pre-clinical studies, not a single CPP-based drug has been approved, yet. It is a paradigm in CPP research that the peptides are taken up by virtually all cells. In exploratory research and early preclinical development, this assumption guides the choice of the therapeutic target. However, while this indiscriminatory uptake may be the case for tissue culture experiments, in an organism this is clearly not the case. Biodistribution analyses demonstrate that CPPs only target a very limited number of cells and many tissues are hardly reached at all. Here, we review biodistribution analyses of CPPs and CPP-based drug delivery systems. Based on this analysis we propose a paradigm change towards a more opportunistic approach in CPP research. The application of CPPs should focus on those pathophysiologies for which the relevant target cells have been shown to be reached in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estel Collado Camps
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang D, Guo M, Yu J, Wang X, Zhang Q, Yang X, Li J, Zhao C, Feng B. Glioma targeting peptide in combination with the P53 C terminus inhibits glioma cell proliferation in vitro. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:153-161. [PMID: 28879517 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a prevalent malignant primary brain tumor in adults, the treatment for which remains a challenge due to its high infiltration and recurrence. Hence, treatments that lead to the suppression of glioma cell migration and invasion may be used in addition to surgery to increase the therapeutic outcome. In this study, we aimed to construct a multifunctional protein that would exert an effect on glioma cell proliferation and migration. The protein is named GL1-P53C-11R and it consists of the glioma-targeting peptide GL1 (G), the P53 C terminus (Pc) and the cell-penetrating peptide arginine (R). GL1-P53C-R was expressed with the fusion protein ZZ and immunofluorescence analysis showed effective delivery of the fused ZZ-GL1-P53C-R protein represented as ZZ-GPcR. The ZZ-GPcR exhibited an inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of U87ΔEGFR cells. Western blotting results indicated that it caused significant changes in the expression levels of cell cycle and apoptotic proteins. Flow cytometric analysis showed increase apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the P53C in the fusion protein ZZ-GPcR can enter into glioma cells to exert its inhibitory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Meihua Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
dNP2-ctCTLA-4 inhibits German cockroach extract-induced allergic airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness via inhibition of Th2 responses. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e362. [PMID: 28775364 PMCID: PMC5579505 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
German cockroaches are major household allergens that can trigger allergic airway inflammatory diseases with sensitive T-cell responses. Although the use of immune modulatory biologics, such as antibodies, to mediate allergic responses has recently been examined, only systemic administration is available because of the size limitations on intranasal administration. Here we utilized a cell-permeable peptide, dNP2, to deliver the cytoplasmic domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (ctCTLA-4) through the airway epithelium to modulate Th2 responses in a German cockroach extract (GCE)-induced allergic airway inflammation model. The intranasal delivery efficiency of the dNP2-dTomato protein to the lungs was higher in GCE-induced asthmatic lung parenchymal cells compared to the sham cells. Intranasal administration of the dNP2-ctCTLA-4 protein inhibited airway hyper-responsiveness and reduced airway inflammation and remodeling, including goblet cell metaplasia and collagen deposition around the bronchi. The number of infiltrated cells, including eosinophils, and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ in the lungs were significantly reduced, presumably owing to inhibition of Th2 differentiation. However, intranasal administration of CTLA4-Ig did not inhibit airway inflammation. These results collectively suggest that dNP2-ctCTLA-4 is an efficient intranasally applicable candidate biologic for treating allergic asthma.
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu L, Kwak M, Zhang W, Zeng L, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide induces toll-like receptor 4 dependent spleen dendritic cell maturation and anti-cancer immunity. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1325981. [PMID: 28811960 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1325981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) has shown an activation of immune cells in vitro. However, the immune stimulatory effect of RGP in a mouse in vivo is not well studied. In this study, we examined the effect of RGP on dendritic cell (DC) activation and anticancer immunity in vivo. Treatments of RGP in C56BL/6 mice induced increased levels of co-stimulatory molecule expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in spleen DCs dependent on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and those DCs promoted interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. RGP also enhanced ovalbumin (OVA) antigen (Ag)-specific immune activation in tumor-bearing mice, including Ag presentation in DCs, OT-I and OT-II T-cell proliferation, migration of OT-I and OT-II T cells into the B16-OVA tumor, OVA-specific IFNγ production, and the specific killing of OVA-coated splenocytes, which consequently inhibited B16-OVA tumor growth dependent on TLR4 and CD8+ T cells. Finally, the combination of RGP and self-Ag treatment efficiently inhibited CT26 carcinoma and B16 melanoma tumor growth in BLAB/c and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. These data demonstrate that RGP could be a useful adjuvant molecule for immunotherapy against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.,Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rádis-Baptista G, Campelo IS, Morlighem JÉRL, Melo LM, Freitas VJF. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): From delivery of nucleic acids and antigens to transduction of engineered nucleases for application in transgenesis. J Biotechnol 2017; 252:15-26. [PMID: 28479163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been studied for their capacity to translocate across the lipid membrane of several cell types. In membrane translocation, these peptides can remarkably transport biologically active hydrophilic molecules, such as pharmaceuticals, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and even high-molecular-weight proteins, Fig. 3 into the cell cytoplasm and organelles. The development of CPPs as transduction agents includes the modification of gene and protein expression, the reprogramming and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and the preparation of cellular vaccines. A relatively recent field of CPP application is the transduction of plasmid DNA vectors and CPP-fusion proteins to modify genomes and introduce new traits in cells and organisms. CPP-mediated transduction of components for genome editing is an advantageous alternative to viral DNA vectors. Engineered site-specific nucleases, such as Cre recombinase, ZFN, TALENs and CRISPR associated protein (Cas), have been coupled to CPPs, and the fused proteins have been used to permeate targeted cells and tissues. The functionally active fusion CPP-nucleases subsequently home to the nucleus, incise genomic DNA at specific sites and induce repair and recombination. This review has the objective of discussing CPPs and elucidating the prospective use of CPP-mediated transduction technology, particularly in genome modification and transgenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.165-081, Brazil.
| | - Iana S Campelo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil
| | - Jean-Étienne R L Morlighem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.165-081, Brazil; Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.455-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Melo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil
| | - Vicente J F Freitas
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim WJ, Koo JH, Cho HJ, Lee JU, Kim JY, Lee HG, Lee S, Kim JH, Oh MS, Suh M, Shin EC, Ko JY, Sohn MH, Choi JM. Protein tyrosine phosphatase conjugated with a novel transdermal delivery peptide, astrotactin 1-derived peptide recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase (AP-rPTP), alleviates both atopic dermatitis-like and psoriasis-like dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:137-151. [PMID: 28456618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are the 2 most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. There is an unmet medical need to overcome limitations for transcutaneous drug development posed by the skin barrier. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify a novel transdermal delivery peptide and to develop a transcutaneously applicable immunomodulatory protein for treating AD and psoriasis. METHODS We identified and generated reporter proteins conjugated to astrotactin 1-derived peptide (AP), a novel transdermal delivery peptide of human origin, and analyzed the intracellular delivery efficiency of these proteins in mouse and human skin cells and tissues using multiphoton confocal microscopy. We also generated a recombinant therapeutic protein, AP-recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase (rPTP), consisting of the phosphatase domain of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase conjugated to AP. The immunomodulatory function of AP-rPTP was confirmed in splenocytes on cytokine stimulation and T-cell receptor stimulation. Finally, we confirmed the in vivo efficacy of AP-rPTP transdermal delivery in patients with oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity, ovalbumin-induced AD-like, and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation models. RESULTS AP-conjugated reporter proteins exhibited significant intracellular transduction efficacy in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. In addition, transcutaneous administration of AP-dTomato resulted in significant localization into the dermis and epidermis in both mouse and human skin. AP-rPTP inhibited phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, STAT3, and STAT6 in splenocytes and also regulated T-cell activation and proliferation. Transcutaneous administration of AP-rPTP through the paper-patch technique significantly ameliorated skin tissue thickening, inflammation, and cytokine expression in both AD-like and psoriasis-like dermatitis models. CONCLUSION We identified a 9-amino-acid novel transdermal delivery peptide, AP, and demonstrated its feasibility for transcutaneous biologic drug development. Moreover, AP-rPTP is a novel immunomodulatory drug candidate for human dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Ko
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sakamoto K, Adachi Y, Komoike Y, Kamada Y, Koyama R, Fukuda Y, Kadotani A, Asami T, Sakamoto JI. Novel DOCK2-selective inhibitory peptide that suppresses B-cell line migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:183-190. [PMID: 28039053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) is a key molecule for lymphocyte activation and migration. DOCK2 interacts with Ras-related C3 botulinus toxin substrate 1 (Rac1, GTPase) and mediates the GDP-GTP exchange reaction, indicating that inhibitors against protein-protein interaction (PPI) between DOCK2 and Rac1 would be good drug candidates for treating immune-related disorders. Here, we report DOCK2-selective PPI inhibitory peptides discovered using random peptide T7 phage display technology. These peptides inhibited DOCK2 activity at nanomolar concentrations and were delivered to intracellular compartments by combination with cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). Consequently, one peptide, R4-DCpep-2(V2W/K4R/ox)-NH2 (Ac-RRRRCWARYHGYPWCRRRR-NH2), inhibited migration in human B lymphocyte MINO cell line at IC50 = 120 nM. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a DOCK2-selective peptide inhibitor; this study will contribute to the development of novel DOCK2-targeting immunosuppressive drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sakamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yusaku Komoike
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryokichi Koyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Fukuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akito Kadotani
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Taiji Asami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sakamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Posey ND, Caffrey LM, Minter LM, Tew GN. Protein Mimic Hydrophobicity Affects Intracellular Delivery but not Cargo Binding. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Posey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| | - Leah M. Caffrey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| | - Lisa M. Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang TY, Pellois JP. Peptide translocation through the plasma membrane of human cells: Can oxidative stress be exploited to gain better intracellular access? Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1205771. [PMID: 27574543 PMCID: PMC4988429 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1205771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) enter cells primarily by escaping from endosomal compartments or by directly translocating across the plasma membrane. Due to their capability of permeating into the cytosolic space of the cell, CPPs are utilized for the delivery of cell-impermeable molecules. However, the fundamental mechanisms and parameters associated with the penetration of CPPs and their cargos through the lipid bilayer have not been fully determined. This in turn has hampered their usage in biotechnological or therapeutic applications. We have recently reported that the cell penetration activity of poly-arginine CPPs (PACPPs) is dependent on the oxidation status of the plasma membrane of cells. Our data support a model where the positively-charged PACPP binds negatively-charged lipids exposed on the cell surface as a result of oxidative damage. The PACPP then crosses the membrane via formation of inverted micelles with these anionic lipids. This model provides a plausible explanation for the high variability in the cell delivery efficiency of a PACPP often observed in different settings. Notably, taking into account the current literature describing the effects of lipid oxidation, our data point to a highly complex and underappreciated interplay between PACPPs and oxidized membrane species. Overall, a better understanding of oxidation-dependent cell penetration might provide a fundamental basis for development of optimal cell permeable peptides (including cyclic peptides, stapled peptides, peptoids, etc…) and of robust delivery protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- M B Agarwal
- Department of Haematology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lim S, Lee JA, Koo JH, Kang TG, Ha SJ, Choi JM. Cell Type Preference of a Novel Human Derived Cell-Permeable Peptide dNP2 and TAT in Murine Splenic Immune Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155689. [PMID: 27186978 PMCID: PMC4871486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-permeable peptides (CPPs) have been widely studied as an attractive drug delivery system to deliver therapeutic macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and protein into cells. However, its clinical application is still limited and controversial due to the lack of a complete understanding of delivery efficiency in target cells. Previously we identified and characterized the novel and superior CPP, named dNP2, and here we comparatively analyzed intracellular delivery efficiency of dNP2 and TAT in various immune cells of mouse spleen to demonstrate their cell type preference. dNP2- or TAT-conjugated fluorescent proteins were most efficiently taken up by phagocytic cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages while little protein uptake was seen by lymphocytes including T cells, B cells, and NK cells. Interestingly CD8+ lymphoid dendritic cells and CD62LloCD44hi memory like T cell subsets showed significantly better uptake efficiency in vitro and in vivo relative to other dendritic cells or T cells, respectively. In addition, activated macrophages, T cells, and B cells took up the proteins more efficiently relative to when in the resting state. Importantly, only dNP2, not TAT, shows significant intracellular protein delivery efficiency in vivo. Collectively, this study provides important information regarding heterogeneous intracellular delivery efficiency of CPPs such as dNP2 and TAT with cell type preference in the spleen needed for its application in phagocytic cells or activated immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
| | - Jung-ah Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
| | - Tae Gun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120–749, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120–749, Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|