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Dasgupta U, Ghosh M, Chakraborty P, Park EY, Indra A, Chowdhury AD. Dual-Mode Virus Detection: Combining Electrochemical and Fluorescence Modalities for Enhanced Sensitivity and Reliability. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38616360 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a dual-mode biosensor specifically designed for the quantitative detection of viruses in rapid analysis. The biosensor is unique in its use of both optical (fluorescence) and electrochemical (impedance) detection methods using the same nanocomposites, providing a dual confirmation system for virus (norovirus-like particles) quantification. The system is based on using two antibody-conjugated nanocomposites: CdSeS quantum dots and Au-N,S-GQD nanocomposites. For optical detection, the principle relies on the fluorescence quenching of CdSeS by Au-N,S-GQD in a sandwich structure with the target. Conversely, electrochemical detection is based on the change in impedance caused by the formation of the same sandwich structure. The biosensor demonstrated exceptional sensitivity, capable of detecting norovirus at concentrations of as low as femtomolar in the electrochemical method and picomolar in the optical method. In the dual-responsive concentration range from 10-13 to 10-10 M, the sensor is highly sensitive in both methods, creating significant changes in fluorescence intensity and impedance in the presence of virus. Furthermore, the biosensor exhibits a high degree of specificity, with a negligible response to nontarget proteins, even within complex test solutions. This work represents a significant advancement in the field of biosensor technology, offering a fast, accurate, and reliable method for diagnosing viral infections and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddipan Dasgupta
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Major Arterial Road, AA II, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Malabika Ghosh
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Major Arterial Road, AA II, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Pampi Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 5, Mahapalika Marg, Dhobi Talao, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Area, Fort, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400001, India
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Arindam Indra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ankan Dutta Chowdhury
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Major Arterial Road, AA II, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
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2
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Kumar Pradhan M, Suresh Puthenpurackal S, Srivastava A. Enzymatic Dimerization-Induced Self-Assembly of Alanine-Tyramine Conjugates into Versatile, Uniform, Enzyme-Loaded Organic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314960. [PMID: 37992201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel enzymatic dimerization-induced self-assembly (e-DISA) procedure that converts alanine-tyramine conjugates into highly uniform enzyme-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) or nanocontainers by the action of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in an aqueous medium under ambient conditions. The NP formation was possible with both enantiomers of alanine, and the average diameter could be varied from 150 nm to 250 nm (with a 5-12 % standard deviation of as-prepared samples) depending on the precursor concentration. About 60 % of the added HRP enzyme was entrapped within the NPs and was subsequently utilized for post-synthetic modification of the NPs with phenolic compounds such as tyramine or tannic acid. One-pot multi-enzyme entrapment of glucose oxidase (GOx) and peroxidase (HRP) within the NPs was also achieved. These GOx-HRP loaded NPs allowed multimodal detection of glucose, including that present in human saliva, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 740 nM through fluorimetry. The NPs exhibited good cytocompatibility and were stable to changes in pH (acidic to basic), temperature, ultrasonication, and even the presence of organic solvent (EtOH) to a certain extent, since they are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, π-π, and CH-π interactions. The proposed e-DISA procedure can be widely expanded through the design of diverse enzyme-responsive precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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3
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Sadeghi S, Masurkar ND, Vallerinteavide Mavelli G, Deshpande S, Kok Yong Tan W, Yee S, Kang SA, Lim YP, Kai-Hua Chow E, Drum CL. Bioorthogonal Catalysis for Treatment of Solid Tumors Using Thermostable, Self-Assembling, Single Enzyme Nanoparticles and Natural Product Conversion with Indole-3-acetic Acid. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10292-10301. [PMID: 35653306 PMCID: PMC9333347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal catalysis (BC) generates chemical reactions not present in normal physiology for the purpose of disease treatment. Because BC catalytically produces the desired therapy only at the site of disease, it holds the promise of site-specific treatment with little or no systemic exposure or side effects. Transition metals are typically used as catalytic centers in BC; however, solubility and substrate specificity typically necessitate a coordinating enzyme and/or stabilizing superstructure for in vivo application. We report the use of self-assembling, porous exoshells (tESs) to encapsulate and deliver an iron-containing reaction center for the treatment of breast cancer. The catalytic center is paired with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a natural product found in edible plants, which undergoes oxidative decarboxylation, via reduction of iron(III) to iron(II), to produce free radicals and bioactive metabolites. The tES encapsulation is critical for endocytic uptake of BC reaction centers and, when followed by administration of IAA, results in apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 triple negative cancer cells and complete regression of in vivo orthotopic xenograft tumors (p < 0.001, n = 8 per group). When Renilla luciferase (rLuc) is substituted for horseradish peroxidase (HRP), whole animal luminometry can be used to monitor in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Genome
Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for
Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Nihar D. Masurkar
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Girish Vallerinteavide Mavelli
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Siddharth Deshpande
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- NUS
Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Warren Kok Yong Tan
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- NUS
Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Sherman Yee
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Shin-Ae Kang
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yoon-Pin Lim
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science
Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Chester L. Drum
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Department
of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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4
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Advances on Delivery of Cytotoxic Enzymes as Anticancer Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123836. [PMID: 35744957 PMCID: PMC9230553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths worldwide annually, and, therefore, it is one of the most investigated research disciplines. Developing efficient anticancer tools includes studying the effects of different natural enzymes of plant and microbial origin on tumor cells. The development of various smart delivery systems based on enzyme drugs has been conducted for more than two decades. Some of these delivery systems have been developed to the point that they have reached clinical stages, and a few have even found application in selected cancer treatments. Various biological, chemical, and physical approaches have been utilized to enhance their efficiencies by improving their delivery and targeting. In this paper, we review advanced delivery systems for enzyme drugs for use in cancer therapy. Their structure-based functions, mechanisms of action, fused forms with other peptides in terms of targeting and penetration, and other main results from in vivo and clinical studies of these advanced delivery systems are highlighted.
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Li R, Dong L, Liang Y, Cui Y, Ji X, Xiao H, Gao S, Wang L. Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized by Lentinan with Enhanced Peroxidase‐like Activity for Sensitive Detection of H
2
O
2. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse Nano-biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Le Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse Nano-biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Ying Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse Nano-biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Yanshuai Cui
- Hebei University of Environmental Engineering Qinhuangdao 066102 China
| | - Xianbing Ji
- Hebei University of Environmental Engineering Qinhuangdao 066102 China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse Nano-biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Shoubei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse Nano-biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Longgang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse Nano-biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
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Soleimani Asl S, Karkhane AA, Zamani Amirzakaria J, Akbari Noghabi K, Ghashghaie J, Haghbeen K. Structure and activity of a novel robust peroxidase from Alkanna frigida cell culture. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113022. [PMID: 34826793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Demands for peroxidases (POX)s with diverse physicochemical properties have steadily grown as more applications of POXs are demonstrated. Plants are among the best sources of versatile POXs, and plant biotechnology, as an agricultural hassle-free technology, promises to circumvent the limitations of natural resource exploitation and to address the demands. Following this trend, it was shown that POX production steadily increased during the 31-day subculture of Alkanna frigida (from Boraginaceae) callus on Murashige-Skoog medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (10-6 M) and kinetin (10-5 M). The purified cationic enzyme (POXalf) maintained its optimal activity over pH 4-7 for 2 years. It was resistant to H2O2 high concentrations (IC50 = 543.7 mM) and showed high specific activity in the reaction with phenol (4320.5 AU mg-1 > 20-fold of HRP AU). Furthermore, the specificity constant ratio of guaiacol to phenol indicated a 100 times faster reaction of POXalf with guaiacol. However, in contrast to HRP, it had little effect on diazo derivatives of aniline and meta-diaminobenzene. Based on the resulting primary structure from the tandem mass analysis, the POXalf 3D structure was constructed via homology modelling. Despite the high topological similarity between the HRP and POXalf structures, there were important differences between the active site pockets that could explain the observed differences in the corresponding substrate spectra and the specific activities. Considering the dynamics of POXalf production, its inactivity towards IAA and its high affinity for guaiacol, POXalf may have associated roles with A. frigida cell wall construction and monolignol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jaleh Ghashghaie
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université de Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Humer D, Spadiut O. Enzyme prodrug therapy: cytotoxic potential of paracetamol turnover with recombinant horseradish peroxidase. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021; 152:1389-1397. [PMID: 34759433 PMCID: PMC8542555 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cancer treatment is a promising, less invasive alternative to chemotherapy as it is precisely directed against tumor cells whilst leaving healthy tissue unaffected. The plant-derived enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be used for enzyme prodrug cancer therapy with indole-3-acetic acid or the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). Oxidation of paracetamol by HRP in the presence of hydrogen peroxide leads to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine and polymer formation via a radical reaction mechanism. N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine binds to DNA and proteins, resulting in severe cytotoxicity. However, plant HRP is not suitable for this application since the foreign glycosylation pattern is recognized by the human immune system, causing rapid clearance from the body. Furthermore, plant-derived HRP is a mixture of isoenzymes with a heterogeneous composition. Here, we investigated the reaction of paracetamol with defined recombinant HRP variants produced in E. coli, as well as plant HRP, and found that they are equally effective in paracetamol oxidation at a concentration ≥ 400 µM. At low paracetamol concentrations, however, recombinant HRP seems to be more efficient in paracetamol oxidation. Yet upon treatment of HCT-116 colon carcinoma and FaDu squamous carcinoma cells with HRP-paracetamol no cytotoxic effect was observed, neither in the presence nor absence of hydrogen peroxide. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00706-021-02848-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Humer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Xu Q, Torres JE, Hakim M, Babiak PM, Pal P, Battistoni CM, Nguyen M, Panitch A, Solorio L, Liu JC. Collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2021; 146:100641. [PMID: 34483486 PMCID: PMC8409465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2021.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are the main components of the ECM in many tissues. As a result, hydrogels prepared from collagen and HA hold inherent advantages in mimicking the structure and function of the native ECM. Numerous studies have focused on the development of collagen and HA hydrogels and their biomedical applications. In this extensive review, we provide a summary and analysis of the sources, features, and modifications of collagen and HA. Specifically, we highlight the fabrication, properties, and potential biomedical applications as well as promising commercialization of hydrogels based on these two natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jessica E. Torres
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mazin Hakim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Paulina M Babiak
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carly M Battistoni
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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9
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Humer D, Furlanetto V, Schruef AK, Wlodarczyk A, Kuttke M, Divne C, Spadiut O. Potential of unglycosylated horseradish peroxidase variants for enzyme prodrug cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112037. [PMID: 34392084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting cancer still relies on chemo- and radiation therapy, which is a trade-off between effective clearance of malignant cells and severe side effects on healthy tissue. Targeted cancer treatment on the other hand is a promising and refined strategy with less systemic interference. The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) exhibits cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, the plant-derived enzyme is out of bounds for medical purposes due to its foreign glycosylation pattern and resulting rapid clearance and immunogenicity. In this study, we generated recombinant, unglycosylated HRP variants in Escherichia coli using random mutagenesis and investigated their biochemical properties and suitability for cancer treatment. The cytotoxicity of the HRP-IAA enzyme prodrug system was assessed in vitro with HCT-116 human colon, FaDu human nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and murine colon adenocarcinoma cells (MC38). Extensive cytotoxicity was shown in all three cancer cell lines: the cell viability of HCT-116 and MC38 cells treated with HRP-IAA was below 1% after 24 h incubation and the surviving fraction of FaDu cells was ≤ 10% after 72 h. However, no cytotoxic effect was observed upon in vivo intratumoral application of HRP-IAA on a MC38 tumor model in C57BL/6J mice. However, we expect that targeting of HRP to the tumor by conjugation to specific antibodies or antibody fragments will reduce HRP clearance and thereby enhance therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Humer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Furlanetto
- KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health Department of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Katharina Schruef
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Wlodarczyk
- Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Engineering (OFI), Franz-Grill-Straße 5, Objekt 213, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Kuttke
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Divne
- KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health Department of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Baydemir Peşint G, Zenger O, Perçin I, Denizli A. Spongy membranes for peroxidase purification from Brassica oleracea roots. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Pekarsky A, Mihalyi S, Weiss M, Limbeck A, Spadiut O. Depletion of Boric Acid and Cobalt from Cultivation Media: Impact on Recombinant Protein Production with Komagataella phaffii. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7040161. [PMID: 33322107 PMCID: PMC7763993 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The REACH regulation stands for “Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals” and defines certain substances as harmful to human health and the environment. This urges manufacturers to adapt production processes. Boric acid and cobalt dichloride represent such harmful ingredients, but are commonly used in yeast cultivation media. The yeast Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) is an important host for heterologous protein production and compliance with the REACH regulation is desirable. Boric acid and cobalt dichloride are used as boron and cobalt sources, respectively. Boron and cobalt support growth and productivity and a number of cobalt-containing enzymes exist. Therefore, depletion of boric acid and cobalt dichloride could have various negative effects, but knowledge is currently scarce. Herein, we provide an insight into the impact of boric acid and cobalt depletion on recombinant protein production with K. phaffii and additionally show how different vessel materials affect cultivation media compositions through leaking elements. We found that boric acid could be substituted through boron leakiness from borosilicate glassware. Furthermore, depletion of boric acid and cobalt dichloride neither affected high cell density cultivation nor cell morphology and viability on methanol. However, final protein quality of three different industrially relevant enzymes was affected in various ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pekarsky
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sophia Mihalyi
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Maximilian Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-I2AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-I2AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (A.P.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-58801-166473
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12
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Mao F, Su B, Bao K, Zhang Z, Xie G, Liu X. Development of a horseradish peroxidase-nanobody fusion protein for visual detection of ochratoxin A by dot immunoassay. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33700-33705. [PMID: 35519041 PMCID: PMC9056725 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06576e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common cereal mycotoxin that seriously threatens food safety and public health. Herein a horseradish peroxidase-nanobody fusion protein (HRP-Nb) retaining antibody and enzyme activity was obtained after inclusion body denaturation and renaturation and enzyme reconstitution, which served both as the primary antibody and reporter enzyme and was applied to develop a membrane-based dot immunoassay (HN-DIA) for OTA visual detection. Based on the optimal experimental conditions, the HN-DIA could be finished in 10 min with a cut-off limit of 50 μg kg-1 in rice and oat samples by eye. The HN-DIA showed high selectivity for OTA and had good accuracy and reproducibility in the recovery experiments. Spiked sample analysis results of the HN-DIA and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) correlated well with each other. Therefore, the proposed HN-DIA has the potential for rapid screening of OTA and other small molecule pollutants in food and the environment by naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province Haikou 570228 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province Haikou 570228 China
| | - Fujing Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province Haikou 570228 China
| | - Benchao Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province Haikou 570228 China
| | - Kunlu Bao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province Haikou 570228 China
| | - Zeling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province Haikou 570228 China
| | - Guifang Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province Haikou 570228 China
| | - Xing Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province Haikou 570228 China
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13
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Quinone-based antibody labeling reagent for enzyme-free chemiluminescent immunoassays. Application to avidin and biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG labeling. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 160:112215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Scalable High-Performance Production of Recombinant Horseradish Peroxidase from E. coli Inclusion Bodies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134625. [PMID: 32610584 PMCID: PMC7369975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), an enzyme omnipresent in biotechnology, is still produced from hairy root cultures, although this procedure is time-consuming and only gives low yields. In addition, the plant-derived enzyme preparation consists of a variable mixture of isoenzymes with high batch-to-batch variation preventing its use in therapeutic applications. In this study, we present a novel and scalable recombinant HRP production process in Escherichia coli that yields a highly pure, active and homogeneous single isoenzyme. We successfully developed a multi-step inclusion body process giving a final yield of 960 mg active HRP/L culture medium with a purity of ≥99% determined by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC). The Reinheitszahl, as well as the activity with 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as reducing substrates, are comparable to commercially available plant HRP. Thus, our preparation of recombinant, unglycosylated HRP from E. coli is a viable alternative to the enzyme from plant and highly interesting for therapeutic applications.
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15
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Engineering of Bifunctional Enzymes with Uricase and Peroxidase Activities for Simple and Rapid Quantification of Uric Acid in Biological Samples. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum uric acid (SUA) is an important biomarker for prognosis and management of gout and other diseases. The development of a low-cost, simple, rapid and reliable assay for SUA detection is of great importance. In the present study, to save the cost of enzyme production and to shorten the reaction time for uric acid quantification, bifunctional proteins with uricase and peroxidase activities were engineered. In-frame fusion of Candida utilis uricase (CUOX) and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) resulted in two versions of the bifunctional protein, CUOX-VHb (CV) and VHb-CUOX (VC). To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the production of proteins with uricase and peroxidase activities. Based on the measurement of the initial rates of the coupled reaction (between uricase and peroxidase), CV was proven to be the most efficient enzyme followed by VC and native enzymes (CUOX+VHb), respectively. CV was further applied for the development of an assay for colorimetric detection of SUA, which was based on VHb-catalyzed oxidation of Amplex Red in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Under the optimized conditions, the assay exhibited a linear relationship between the absorbance and UA concentration over the range of 2.5 to 50 μM, with a detection limit of 1 μM. In addition, the assay can be performed at a single pH (8.0) so adjustment of the pH for peroxidase activity was not required. This advantage helped to further reduce costs and time. The developed assay was also successfully applied to detect UA in pooled human serum with the recoveries over 94.8%. These results suggest that the proposed assay holds great potential for clinical application.
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16
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Naha PC, Liu Y, Hwang G, Huang Y, Gubara S, Jonnakuti V, Simon-Soro A, Kim D, Gao L, Koo H, Cormode DP. Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Biomimetic Catalysts for Localized and pH-Activated Biofilm Disruption. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4960-4971. [PMID: 30642159 PMCID: PMC7059368 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-attached bacterial communities embedded within an extracellular matrix that create localized and protected microenvironments. Acidogenic oral biofilms can demineralize the enamel-apatite on teeth, causing dental caries (tooth decay). Current antimicrobials have low efficacy and do not target the protective matrix and acidic pH within the biofilm. Recently, catalytic nanoparticles were shown to disrupt biofilms but lacked a stabilizing coating required for clinical applications. Here, we report dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles termed nanozymes (Dex-NZM) that display strong catalytic (peroxidase-like) activity at acidic pH values, target biofilms with high specificity, and prevent severe caries without impacting surrounding oral tissues in vivo. Nanoparticle formulations were synthesized with dextran coatings (molecular weights from 1.5 to 40 kDa were used), and their catalytic performance and bioactivity were assessed. We found that 10 kDa dextran coating provided maximal catalytic activity, biofilm uptake, and antibiofilm properties. Mechanistic studies indicated that iron oxide cores are the source of catalytic activity, whereas dextran on the nanoparticle surface provided stability without blocking catalysis. Dextran-coating facilitated NZM incorporation into exopolysaccharides (EPS) structure and binding within biofilms, which activated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for localized bacterial killing and EPS-matrix breakdown. Surprisingly, dextran coating enhanced selectivity toward biofilms while avoiding binding to gingival cells. Furthermore, Dex-NZM/H2O2 treatment significantly reduced the onset and severity of caries lesions (vs control or either Dex-NZM or H2O2 alone) without adverse effects on gingival tissues or oral microbiota diversity in vivo. Therefore, dextran-coated nanozymes have potential as an alternative treatment to control tooth decay and possibly other biofilm-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap C. Naha
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sarah Gubara
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Venkata Jonnakuti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lizeng Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Corresponding Authors Tel: 215-615-4656. Fax: 240-368-8096. ., .
| | - David P. Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Corresponding Authors Tel: 215-615-4656. Fax: 240-368-8096. ., .
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17
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Wang M, Wang M, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Chen J. Enzyme immobilized millimeter-sized polyHIPE beads with easy separability and recyclability. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilized reusable millimeter-sized beads were prepared through covalently immobilizing Candida antarctica lipase B onto emulsion-templated porous beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Shengmiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jianding Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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18
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Soluble expression of horseradish peroxidase in Escherichia coli and its facile activation. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:431-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Optimization of in vitro refolding conditions of recombinant Lepidium draba peroxidase using design of experiments. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1369-1376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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Heterologous Expression, Purification and Characterization of a Peroxidase Isolated from Lepidium draba. Protein J 2017; 36:461-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Wurm DJ, Hausjell J, Ulonska S, Herwig C, Spadiut O. Mechanistic platform knowledge of concomitant sugar uptake in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45072. [PMID: 28332595 PMCID: PMC5362885 DOI: 10.1038/srep45072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When producing recombinant proteins, the use of Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) in combination with the T7-based pET-expression system is often the method of choice. In a recent study we introduced a mechanistic model describing the correlation of the specific glucose uptake rate (qs,glu) and the corresponding maximum specific lactose uptake rate (qs,lac,max) for a pET-based E. coli BL21(DE3) strain producing a single chain variable fragment (scFv). We showed the effect of qs,lac,max on productivity and product location underlining its importance for recombinant protein production. In the present study we investigated the mechanistic qs,glu/qs,lac,max correlation for four pET-based E. coli BL21(DE3) strains producing different recombinant products and thereby proved the mechanistic model to be platform knowledge for E. coli BL21(DE3). However, we found that the model parameters strongly depended on the recombinant product. Driven by this observation we tested different dynamic bioprocess strategies to allow a faster investigation of this mechanistic correlation. In fact, we succeeded and propose an experimental strategy comprising only one batch cultivation, one fed-batch cultivation as well as one dynamic experiment, to reliably determine the mechanistic model for qs,glu/qs,lac,max and get trustworthy model parameters for pET-based E. coli BL21(DE3) strains which are the basis for bioprocess development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wurm
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Hausjell
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Ulonska
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Gundinger T, Spadiut O. A comparative approach to recombinantly produce the plant enzyme horseradish peroxidase in Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2017; 248:15-24. [PMID: 28288816 PMCID: PMC5453243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used in various biotechnological and medical applications. Since its isolation from plant provides several disadvantages, the bacterium Escherichia coli was tested as recombinant expression host in former studies. However, neither production from refolded inclusion bodies nor active enzyme expression in the periplasm exceeded final titres of 10 mg per litre cultivation broth. Thus, the traditional way of production of HRP from plant still prevails. In this study, we revisited the recombinant production of HRP in E. coli and investigated and compared both strategies, (a) the production of HRP as inclusion bodies (IBs) and subsequent refolding and (b) the production of active HRP in the periplasm. In fact, we were able to produce HRP in E. coli either way. We obtained a refolding yield of 10% from IBs giving a final titre of 100 mg L−1 cultivation broth, and were able to produce 48 mg active HRP per litre cultivation broth in the periplasm. In terms of biochemical properties, soluble HRP showed a highly reduced catalytic activity and stability which probably results from the fusion partner DsbA used in this study. Refolded HRP showed similar substrate affinity, an 11-fold reduced catalytic efficiency and 2-fold reduced thermal stability compared to plant HRP. In conclusion, we developed a toolbox for HRP engineering and production. We propose to engineer HRP by directed evolution or semi-rational protein design, express HRP in the periplasm of E. coli allowing straight forward screening for improved variants, and finally produce these variants as IB in high amounts, which are then refolded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gundinger
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Caralluma umbellata Peroxidase: Biochemical Characterization and Its Detoxification Potentials in Comparison with Horseradish Peroxidase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:801-812. [PMID: 27714639 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Caralluma umbellata peroxidase (CUP) is an acidic heme-containing protein having a molecular weight of ~42 kDa and is specific to guaiacol. It is not a glycoprotein. It was purified to 12.5-fold purity with 6.16 % yield. Its activity is dependent on hydrogen peroxide and has an optimum pH and temperature of 6.2 and 45 °C respectively. It can decolorize dyes, viz., Aniline Blue, Reactive Black 5, and Reactive Blue 19 but not Congo Red, while HRP can decolorize Congo Red also. It has lignin-degrading potentiality as it can decompose veratryl alcohol. Detoxification of phenol was more by CUP compared to HRP while with p-nitrophenol HRP has a greater detoxification rate. Based on our results, CUP was identified to be capable of oxidizing a variety of hazardous substances and also a lignin-degrading plant biocatalyst.
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24
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Eggenreich B, Willim M, Wurm DJ, Herwig C, Spadiut O. Production strategies for active heme-containing peroxidases from E. coli inclusion bodies - a review. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 10:75-83. [PMID: 28352527 PMCID: PMC5040872 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heme-containing peroxidases are frequently used in medical applications. However, these enzymes are still extracted from their native source, which leads to inadequate yields and a mixture of isoenzymes differing in glycosylation which limits subsequent enzyme applications. Thus, recombinant production of these enzymes in Escherichia coli is a reasonable alternative. Even though production yields are high, the product is frequently found as protein aggregates called inclusion bodies (IBs). These IBs have to be solubilized and laboriously refolded to obtain active enzyme. Unfortunately, refolding yields are still very low making the recombinant production of these enzymes in E. coli not competitive. Motivated by the high importance of that enzyme class, this review aims at providing a comprehensive summary of state-of-the-art strategies to obtain active peroxidases from IBs. Additionally, various refolding techniques, which have not yet been used for this enzyme class, are discussed to show alternative and potentially more efficient ways to obtain active peroxidases from E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Eggenreich
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melissa Willim
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Johannes Wurm
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Tripathi NK. Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins fromEscherichia coli. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Combining Protein and Strain Engineering for the Production of Glyco-Engineered Horseradish Peroxidase C1A in Pichia pastoris. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23127-42. [PMID: 26404235 PMCID: PMC4632689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), conjugated to antibodies and lectins, is widely used in medical diagnostics. Since recombinant production of the enzyme is difficult, HRP isolated from plant is used for these applications. Production in the yeast Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris), the most promising recombinant production platform to date, causes hyperglycosylation of HRP, which in turn complicates conjugation to antibodies and lectins. In this study we combined protein and strain engineering to obtain an active and stable HRP variant with reduced surface glycosylation. We combined four mutations, each being beneficial for either catalytic activity or thermal stability, and expressed this enzyme variant as well as the unmutated wildtype enzyme in both a P. pastoris benchmark strain and a strain where the native α-1,6-mannosyltransferase (OCH1) was knocked out. Considering productivity in the bioreactor as well as enzyme activity and thermal stability, the mutated HRP variant produced in the P. pastoris benchmark strain turned out to be interesting for medical diagnostics. This variant shows considerable catalytic activity and thermal stability and is less glycosylated, which might allow more controlled and efficient conjugation to antibodies and lectins.
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27
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Carmona-Ribeiro AM, Prieto T, Nantes IL. Nanostructures for peroxidases. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:50. [PMID: 26389124 PMCID: PMC4558528 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxidases are enzymes catalyzing redox reactions that cleave peroxides. Their active redox centers have heme, cysteine thiols, selenium, manganese, and other chemical moieties. Peroxidases and their mimetic systems have several technological and biomedical applications such as environment protection, energy production, bioremediation, sensors and immunoassays design, and drug delivery devices. The combination of peroxidases or systems with peroxidase-like activity with nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, thin films, liposomes, micelles, nanoflowers, nanorods and others is often an efficient strategy to improve catalytic activity, targeting, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Prieto
- NanoBioMav, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC Santo André, Brazil
| | - Iseli L Nantes
- NanoBioMav, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC Santo André, Brazil
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28
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Lin D, Li K, Yin C, Liu X, Jin B, Sun L, Liu J, Zhang A, Li N. Protein microarray with horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescence for quantification of serum α-fetoprotein. J Int Med Res 2015. [PMID: 26198141 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515583075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop and evaluate a protein microarray assay with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) chemiluminescence for quantification of α-fetoprotein (AFP) in serum from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A protein microarray assay for AFP was developed. Serum was collected from patients with HCC and healthy control subjects. AFP was quantified using protein microarray and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum AFP concentrations determined via protein microarray were positively correlated ( r = 0.973) with those determined via ELISA in patients with HCC ( n = 60) and healthy control subjects ( n = 30). Protein microarray showed 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity for HCC diagnosis. ELISA had 83.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Protein microarray effectively distinguished between patients with HCC and healthy control subjects (area under ROC curve 0.974; 95% CI 0.000, 1.000). Conclusion Protein microarray is a rapid, simple and low-cost alternative to ELISA for detecting AFP in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshun Zhao
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzeng Yin
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Jin
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Libo Sun
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiying Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Gmeiner C, Spadiut O. Effects of different media supplements on the production of an active recombinant plant peroxidase in a Pichia pastoris Δoch1 strain. Bioengineered 2015; 6:175-8. [PMID: 25837321 PMCID: PMC4601512 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1036208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production in microorganisms is one of the most studied areas of research in biotechnology today. In this respect the yeast Pichia pastoris is an important microbial production host due to its capability of secreting the target protein and performing posttranslational modifications. In a recent study, we described the development of a robust bioprocess for a glyco-engineered recombinant P. pastoris strain where the native α-1,6-mannosyltransfrease OCH1 was knocked out (Δoch1 strain). This strain produced the glycosylated enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with more homogeneous and shorter surface glycans than the respective benchmark strain. However, the recombinant Δoch1 strain was physiologically impaired and thus hard to cultivate. We faced cell cluster formation, cell lysis and consequent intensive foam formation. Thus, we investigated the effects of the 3 process parameters temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration on (1) cell physiology, (2) cell morphology, (3) cell lysis, (4) productivity and (5) product purity in a multivariate manner. However, not only process parameters might influence these characteristics, but also media supplements might have an impact. Here, we describe the effects of different heme-precursors as well as of a protease-inhibitor cocktail on the production of active HRP in therecombinant P. pastoris Δoch1strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gmeiner
- a Vienna University of Technology ; Institute of Chemical Engineering; Research Area; Biochemical Engineering ; Vienna , Austria
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Reinsch H, Spadiut O, Heidingsfelder J, Herwig C. Examining the freezing process of an intermediate bulk containing an industrially relevant protein. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 71:13-9. [PMID: 25765305 PMCID: PMC4370381 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biopharmaceuticals are produced in recombinant microorganisms in the controlled environment of a bioreactor, a process known as Upstream Process. To minimize product loss due to physico-chemical and enzymatic degradation, the Upstream Process should be directly followed by product purification, known as Downstream Process. However, the Downstream Process can be technologically complex and time-consuming which is why Upstream and Downstream Process usually have to be decoupled temporally and spatially. Consequently, the product obtained after the Upstream Process, known as intermediate bulk, has to be stored. In those circumstances, a freezing procedure is often performed to prevent product loss. However, the freezing process itself is inseparably linked to physico-chemical changes of the intermediate bulk which may in turn damage the product. The present study analysed the behaviour of a Tris-buffered intermediate bulk containing a biopharmaceutically relevant protein during a bottle freezing process. Major damaging mechanisms, like the spatiotemporal redistribution of ion concentrations and pH, and their influence on product stability were investigated. Summarizing, we show the complex events which happen in an intermediate bulk during freezing and explain the different causes for product loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Reinsch
- Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik gemeinnützige Gesellschaft mbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Herwig
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/166, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
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Gmeiner C, Saadati A, Maresch D, Krasteva S, Frank M, Altmann F, Herwig C, Spadiut O. Development of a fed-batch process for a recombinant Pichia pastoris Δoch1 strain expressing a plant peroxidase. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:1. [PMID: 25567661 PMCID: PMC4335410 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a prominent host for recombinant protein production, amongst other things due to its capability of glycosylation. However, N-linked glycans on recombinant proteins get hypermannosylated, causing problems in subsequent unit operations and medical applications. Hypermannosylation is triggered by an α-1,6-mannosyltransferase called OCH1. In a recent study, we knocked out OCH1 in a recombinant P. pastoris CBS7435 MutS strain (Δoch1) expressing the biopharmaceutically relevant enzyme horseradish peroxidase. We characterized the strain in the controlled environment of a bioreactor in dynamic batch cultivations and identified the strain to be physiologically impaired. We faced cell cluster formation, cell lysis and uncontrollable foam formation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the 3 process parameters temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration on 1) cell physiology, 2) cell morphology, 3) cell lysis, 4) productivity and 5) product purity of the recombinant Δoch1 strain in a multivariate manner. Cultivation at 30°C resulted in low specific methanol uptake during adaptation and the risk of methanol accumulation during cultivation. Cell cluster formation was a function of the C-source rather than process parameters and went along with cell lysis. In terms of productivity and product purity a temperature of 20°C was highly beneficial. In summary, we determined cultivation conditions for a recombinant P. pastoris Δoch1 strain allowing high productivity and product purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gmeiner
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Amirhossein Saadati
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stanimira Krasteva
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Manuela Frank
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Hayashi K, Tomozoe Y, Nagai K, Hiraishi Y, Kamiya N. Development of a Peroxidase-Fused Protein Reagent by Brevibacillus choshinensis Heterologous Expression System. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.41.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kounosuke Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
- Hitachi Aloka Medical, Ltd
| | | | | | | | - Noriho Kamiya
- Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
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Capone S, Pletzenauer R, Maresch D, Metzger K, Altmann F, Herwig C, Spadiut O. Glyco-variant library of the versatile enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Glycobiology 2014; 24:852-63. [PMID: 24859724 PMCID: PMC4116046 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
When the glycosylated plant enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is conjugated to specific antibodies, it presents a powerful tool for medical applications. The isolation and purification of this enzyme from plant is difficult and only gives low yields. However, HRP recombinantly produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris experiences hyperglycosylation, which impedes the use of this enzyme in medicine. Enzymatic and chemical deglycosylation are cost intensive and cumbersome and hitherto existing P. pastoris strain engineering approaches with the goal to avoid hyperglycosylation only resulted in physiologically impaired yeast strains not useful for protein production processes. Thus, the last resort to obtain less glycosylated recombinant HRP from P. pastoris is to engineer the enzyme itself. In the present study, we mutated all the eight N-glycosylation sites of HRP C1A. After determination of the most suitable mutation at each N-glycosylation site, we physiologically characterized the respective P. pastoris strains in the bioreactor and purified the produced HRP C1A glyco-variants. The biochemical characterization of the enzyme variants revealed great differences in catalytic activity and stability and allowed the combination of the most promising mutations to potentially give an unglycosylated, active HRP C1A variant useful for medical applications. Interestingly, site-directed mutagenesis proved to be a valuable strategy not only to reduce the overall glycan content of the recombinant enzyme but also to improve catalytic activity and stability. In the present study, we performed an integrated bioprocess covering strain generation, bioreactor cultivations, downstream processing and product characterization and present the biochemical data of the HRP glyco-library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Capone
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Robert Pletzenauer
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Karl Metzger
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria
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