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Camilotti E, Furian TQ, Borges KA, Ortiz Granados OF, Zottis Chitolina G, de Brites Weber T, Tonini da Rocha D, Nascimento VPD, Souza Moraes HLD, Salle CTP. Galleria mellonella larvae as an alternative model to determine the pathogenicity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Avian Pathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38845537 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2365932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Galleria mellonella larvae are a viable model for determining APEC pathogenicity.Larval disease score is the main variable for determining APEC pathogenicity.Response variables should be evaluated up to 24 h post-inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisar Camilotti
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Oscar Fernando Ortiz Granados
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Zottis Chitolina
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thaína de Brites Weber
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Tonini da Rocha
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Pinheiro do Nascimento
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Luiz de Souza Moraes
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Pippi Salle
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Khan A, Saraf VS, Siddiqui F, Batool T, Noreen Z, Javed S, Ahmad A, Alonazi WB, Ibrahim M, Pucciarelli S, Bokhari H. Multidrug resistance among uropathogenic clonal group A E. Coli isolates from Pakistani women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38454332 PMCID: PMC10919050 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has notably increased in community acquired uropathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly Escherichia coli. Uropathogenic E. coli causes 80% of uncomplicated community acquired UTIs, particularly in pre-menopausal women. Considering this high prevalence and the potential to spread antimicrobial resistant genes, the current study was conducted to investigate the presence of clinically important strains of E. coli in Pakistani women having uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis. Women belonging to low-income groups were exclusively included in the study. Seventy-four isolates from urine samples were processed, phylotyped, and screened for the presence of two Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) particularly associated with a clinically important clonal group A of E. coli (CgA) followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing and genome sequence analysis. RESULTS Phylogroup B2 was most prevalent in patients and 44% of isolates were positive for the presence of CgA specific SNPs in Fumarate hydratase and DNA gyrase subunit B genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed widespread resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production. The infection analysis revealed the phylogroup B2 to be more pathogenic as compared to the other groups. The genome sequence of E. coli strain U17 revealed genes encoding virulence, multidrug resistance, and host colonization mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our research findings not only validate the significant occurrence of multidrug-resistant clonal group A E. coli (CgA) in premenopausal Pakistani women suffering from cystitis and pyelonephritis but also reveal the presence of genes associated withvirulence, and drug efflux pumps. The detection of highly pathogenic, antimicrobial-resistant phylogroup B2 and CgA E. coli strains is likely to help in understanding the epidemiology of the pathogen and may ultimately help to reduce the impact of these strains on human health. Furthermore, the findings of this study will particularly help to reduce the prevalence of uncomplicated UTIs and the cost associated with their treatment in women belonging to low-income groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Health Services Academy, Opposite NIH, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Viqar Sayeed Saraf
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Siddiqui
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Batool
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Wadi B Alonazi
- Health Administration Department, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Hyun M, Lee JY, Lim KR, Kim HA. Clinical Characteristics of Uncomplicated Acute Pyelonephritis Caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13:581-595. [PMID: 38460083 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis (APN) caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with uncomplicated APNs caused by E. coli and K. pneumoniae admitted to Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital between February 2014 and December 2021. RESULTS We enrolled 497 patients (372 with E. coli infection, 125 with K. pneumoniae infection). Male, healthcare-associated infection, solid tumors, liver cirrhosis, chronic renal disease, solid organ transplantation, and antibiotic usage within the last 3 months were more strongly associated with K. pneumoniae uncomplicated APNs than with E. coli. Bacteremia and fever occurred more frequently in E. coli uncomplicated APNs. Antimicrobial resistance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenem were higher in K. pneumoniae. Antimicrobial resistance rates to aztreonam and ciprofloxacin were lower in K. pneumoniae. Thirty-day mortality was more observed in K. pneumoniae group in univariate analysis, but this difference was not observed after adjustment. Male sex, ultimately fatal disease in McCabe, and prior antibiotic use within 3 months were more associated with K. pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS Male, underlying diseases, and prior antibiotic use was more associated with K. pneumoniae. Further study will be needed that microbiome of each situation and the related with the distribution of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Hyun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, School of Medicine & Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Keimyung University, 1035 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseogu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, School of Medicine & Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Keimyung University, 1035 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseogu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Kyong Ree Lim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdonggu, Seoul, 05278, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, School of Medicine & Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Keimyung University, 1035 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseogu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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Asraoui F, El Mansouri F, Cacciola F, Brigui J, Louajri A, Simonetti G. Biofilm Inhibition of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum L. Extracts Against Candida Infectious Pathogens and In Vivo Action on Galleria mellonella Model. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300081. [PMID: 37612795 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing importance of fungal infections has fueled the search for new beneficial alternatives substance from plant extracts. The current study investigates the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum (L.) leaves extracts against Candida both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition of planktonic and sessile Candida albicans and Candida glabrata growth using both leaf extracts are evaluated. Moreover; an in vivo infection model using Galleria mellonella larvae; infected and treated with the extracts are performed. All extracts show fungicidal activity; with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranging from 128 to 512 µg mL-1 against the two selected strains of Candida. In particular, the best results are obtained with methanolic extract of I. viscosa and G. alypum with an MFC value of 128 µg mL-1 . The extracts are capable to prevent 90% of biofilm development at minor concentrations ranging from 100.71 ± 2.49 µg mL-1 to 380.4 ± 0.92 µg mL-1 . In vivo, tests on Galleria mellonella larvae show that the extracts increase the survival of the larvae infected with Candida. The attained results reveal that I. viscosa and G. alypum extracts may be considered as new antifungal agents and biofilm inhibiting agents for the pharmaceutical and agro-food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadoua Asraoui
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, 93000, Morocco
| | - Fouad El Mansouri
- Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, B.P. 416, Tangier, 90000, Morocco
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Jamal Brigui
- Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, B.P. 416, Tangier, 90000, Morocco
| | - Adnane Louajri
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, 93000, Morocco
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
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Santos ACM, Santos-Neto JF, Trovão LO, Romano RFT, Silva RM, Gomes TAT. Characterization of unconventional pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from bloodstream infection: virulence beyond the opportunism. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:15-28. [PMID: 36480121 PMCID: PMC9943985 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infection worldwide and a critical bloodstream infection agent. There are more than 50 virulence factors (VFs) related to ExPEC pathogenesis; however, many strains isolated from extraintestinal infections are devoid of these factors. Since opportunistic infections may occur in immunocompromised patients, E. coli strains that lack recognized VFs are considered opportunist, and their virulence potential is neglected. We assessed eleven E. coli strains isolated from bloodstream infections and devoid of the most common ExPEC VFs to understand their pathogenic potential. The strains were evaluated according to their capacity to interact in vitro with human eukaryotic cell lineages (Caco-2, T24, HEK293T, and A549 cells), produce type 1 fimbriae and biofilm in diverse media, resist to human sera, and be lethal to Galleria mellonella. One strain displaying all phenotypic traits was sequenced and evaluated. Ten strains adhered to Caco-2 (colon), eight to T24 (bladder), five to HEK-293 T (kidney), and four to A549 (lung) cells. Eight strains produced type 1 fimbriae, ten adhered to abiotic surfaces, nine were serum resistant, and seven were virulent in the G. mellonella model. Six of the eleven E. coli strains displayed traits compatible with pathogens, five of which were isolated from an immune-competent host. The genome of the EC175 strain, isolated from a patient with urosepsis, reveals that the strain belonged to ST504-A, and serotype O11:H11; harbors thirteen VFs genes, including genes encoding UpaG and yersiniabactin as the only ExPEC VFs identified. Together, our results suggest that the ExPEC pathotype includes pathogens from phylogroups A and B1, which harbor VFs that remain to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina M Santos
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício Prof. Dr. Antônio C. Mattos Paiva, 3º Andar. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - José F Santos-Neto
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício Prof. Dr. Antônio C. Mattos Paiva, 3º Andar. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Liana O Trovão
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício Prof. Dr. Antônio C. Mattos Paiva, 3º Andar. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F T Romano
- Laboratório de Patogênese de Enterobacterales, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Por Imagem, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Silva
- Laboratório de Patogênese de Enterobacterales, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia A T Gomes
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício Prof. Dr. Antônio C. Mattos Paiva, 3º Andar. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
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Sugeçti S, Kepekçi AB, Büyükgüzel K. Effects of Midazolam on Antioxidant Levels, Biochemical and Metabolic Parameters in Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) Eggs Parasitized by Trissolcus semistriatus Nees (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 110:4. [PMID: 36495324 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) is among the most important insect pests of wheat (Triticum sativum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in the Middle East. Biological and chemical methods are insufficient to control E. integriceps populations below economic thresholds. In this study, we investigated the effects of midazolam, a clinical drug, on selected metabolic enzyme activity, antioxidant levels, and biochemical parameters in E. integriceps eggs parasitized by Trissolcus semistriatus Nees (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Increasing concentrations of midazolam caused cell damage in the parasitized eggs due to its oxidative effects. Transferase enzymes, such as, aspartate transferase, alanine transferase, and gamma glutamyl transferase activities were altered following exposure. Metabolic enzymes, such as, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and lactate dehydrogenase also were adversely affected. Levels of the non-enzymatic antioxidants uric acid, bilirubin, and albumin also were altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Sugeçti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Çaycuma Food and Agriculture Vocational School, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Ali Bestemi Kepekçi
- Department of Anesthesia, Vocational School of Health Services, İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Büyükgüzel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Hamed A, Pullinger G, Stevens M, Farveen F, Freestone P. Characterisation of the E. coli and Salmonella qseC and qseE mutants reveals a metabolic rather than adrenergic receptor role. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6524176. [PMID: 35137015 PMCID: PMC8897314 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine stress hormones (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine) are signals that have been shown to be used as environmental cues, which affect the growth and virulence of normal microbiota as well as pathogenic bacteria. It has been reported that Escherichia coli and Salmonella use the two-component system proteins QseC and QseE to recognise catecholamines and so act as bacterial adrenergic receptors. In this study, we mutated the E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium genes encoding QseC and QseE and found that this did not block stress hormone responsiveness in either species. Motility, biofilm formation, and analysis of virulence of the mutants using two infection models were similar to the wild-type strains. The main differences in phenotypes of the qseC and qseE mutants were responses to changes in temperature and growth in different media particularly with respect to salt, carbon, and nitrogen salt sources. In this physiological respect, it was also found that the phenotypes of the qseC and qseE mutants differed between E. coli and Salmonella. These findings collectively suggest that QseC and QseE are not essential for E. coli and Salmonella to respond to stress hormones and that the proteins may be playing a role in regulating metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Hamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zawia, Zawiya QP7X+536, Libya
| | - Gillian Pullinger
- Division of Microbiology, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury RG20 7NN, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stevens
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Fathima Farveen
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Primrose Freestone
- Corresponding author: Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)116 2525656; Fax: +44 (0)116 2525030; E-mail:
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Pathophysiological effects of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection on Galleria mellonella as an invertebrate model organism. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3509-3517. [PMID: 33909089 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen causing urinary tract infections and pneumonia. Due to the increase in resistant strains and being an opportunistic pathogen, it is very important to determine the virulence process, the cellular damage it causes in the host and the immunological response level of the host. In this study, invertebrate infection model Galleria mellonella larvae were used to investigate cellular damage, antioxidant response and changes in biochemical parameters due to K. pneumoniae infection. The activity of cell damage indicators alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase increased in hemolymph of G. mellonella larvae due to K. pneumoniae virulence. Creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and amylase activities were increased to regulate the disrupted energy metabolism due to infection. As a result of the damage caused by K. pneumoniae infection, changes occurred in the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants, uric acid, bilirubin and albumin. Due to K. pneumoniae infection, the amount of calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus altered. This study showed that G. mellonella larvae was important infection model in the investigation of infectious cell damage and physiological effects, given the opportunistic nature of the K. pneumoniae pathogen and the lack of adequate animal models.
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Elhosseiny NM, Elhezawy NB, Sayed RM, Khattab MS, El Far MY, Attia AS. γ-Glutamyltransferase as a Novel Virulence Factor of Acinetobacter baumannii Inducing Alveolar Wall Destruction and Renal Damage in Systemic Disease. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:871-879. [PMID: 32421167 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A thorough understanding of Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenicity is the key to identifying novel drug targets. In the current study, we characterize the γ-glutamyltransferase enzyme (GGT) as a novel virulence factor. A GGT assay showed that the enzyme is secreted via the type II secretion system and results in higher extracellular activity for the hypervirulent AB5075 than the laboratory-adapted strain American Type Culture Collection 17978. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the former secretes larger amounts of GGT, and a rifampicin messenger RNA stability study showed that one reason for this could be the longer AB5075 ggt transcript half-life. Infection models confirmed that GGT is required for the virulence of A. baumannii. Finally, we show that clinical isolates with significantly higher extracellular GGT activity resulted in more severe infections, and assay of immune response and tissue damage markers confirm this correlation. The current findings establish for the first time the role of the GGT in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Elhosseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada B Elhezawy
- Clinical Pharmacy Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Sayed
- Natural Product Research Department, National Center of Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Miran Y El Far
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Merino I, Porter SB, Johnston B, Clabots C, Thuras P, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Cantón R, Johnson JR. Molecularly defined extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli status predicts virulence in a murine sepsis model better than does virotype, individual virulence genes, or clonal subset among E. coli ST131 isolates. Virulence 2021; 11:327-336. [PMID: 32264739 PMCID: PMC7161687 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1747799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli ST131, mainly its H30 clade, is the leading cause of extraintestinal E. coli infections but its correlates of virulence are undefined. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested in a murine sepsis model 84 ST131 isolates that differed by country of origin (Spain vs. USA), clonal subset, resistance markers, and virulence genes (VGs). Virulence outcomes, including illness severity score (ISS) and "killer" status (>80% mouse lethality), were compared statistically with clonal subset, individual and combined VGs, molecularly defined extraintestinal and uropathogenic E. coli (ExPEC, UPEC) status, and country of origin. RESULTS Virulence varied widely by strain. Univariable correlates of median ISS and percent "killer" (outcomes if variable present vs. absent) included pap (ISS, 4.4 vs. 3.8; "killer", 71% vs. 46%), kpsMII (4.1 vs. 2.3; 59% vs. 25%), K2/K100 (4.4 vs. 3.2; 77% vs. 41%), ExPEC (4.2 vs. 2.2; 62% vs. 17%), Spanish origin (4.3 vs. 3.1; 65% vs. 36%), and H30R1 subset (2.5 vs. 4.1; 35% vs. 59%). With multivariable adjustment, ExPEC status was the only consistently significantly predictive variable. CONCLUSION Within ST131 the strongest predictor of experimental virulence was molecularly defined ExPEC status. Clonal subsets seemed to behave differently in the murine sepsis model by country of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Merino
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen B Porter
- Infectious Diseases, Minneapolis Veterans Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Connie Clabots
- Infectious Diseases, Minneapolis Veterans Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul Thuras
- Mental Health Service Line, Minneapolis Veterans Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - James R Johnson
- Infectious Diseases, Minneapolis Veterans Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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Influences of the Culturing Media in the Virulence and Cell Wall of Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040323. [PMID: 33260702 PMCID: PMC7712150 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa are etiological agents of sporotrichosis, a human subcutaneous mycosis. Although the protocols to evaluate Sporothrix virulence in animal models are well described, the cell preparation before inoculation is not standardized, and several culturing media are used to grow yeast-like cells. Here, we found that carbon or nitrogen limitation during fungal cell preparation negatively impacted the ability of S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis to kill Galleria mellonella larvae, but not S. globosa. The fungal growth conditions associated with the short median survival of animals were accompanied by increased hemocyte countings, phenoloxidase activity, and cytotoxicity. The fungal growth under carbon or nitrogen limitation also affected the cell wall composition of both S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis and showed increased exposure of β-1,3-glucan at the cell surface, while those growing conditions had a minimal impact on the S.globosa wall, which had higher levels of this polysaccharide exposed on the wall regardless of the culture condition. This polysaccharide exposure was linked to the increased ability of insect hemocytes to uptake fungal cells, suggesting that this is one of the mechanisms behind the lower virulence of S.globosa or cells from the other species grown in carbon or nitrogen limitation.
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12
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Duan Y, Gao H, Zheng L, Liu S, Cao Y, Zhu S, Wu Z, Ren H, Mao D, Luo Y. Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) Vary According to Molecular Types. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:598305. [PMID: 33329487 PMCID: PMC7732638 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) can cause many human extraintestinal infections. Resistance and virulence of ExPEC are inextricably linked to its phylogenetic background. However, studies on type-specific distribution of resistance and virulence and the connection between resistance/virulence and molecular typing are lacking. Here, 411 ExPEC strains were collected and characterized using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing. Among these, 74 representative strains were selected for whole genome sequencing and the Galleria mellonella killing assay. CH40-30-ST131, CH37-27-ST405, CH40-41-ST131, and CH13-5-ST12 isolates had high resistance rates to all antimicrobials tested. BlaCTX–M played a significant role in the β-lactam resistance of ExPEC isolates. CH14-64-ST1193, CH40-30-ST131, and CH35-27-ST69 isolates were highly virulent in the G. mellonella model. Virulence factors (VFs) involved in adherence (papB, papI, papX, and fimA), autotransporter (sat), invasion (aslA, kpsD), iron uptake (except for entD), or toxin (senB) might be responsible for pathogenicity in vivo. Specific antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) or VFs were prevalent in specific types of strains, including papB, papI, fimA, sat, kpsD, senB, and aerobactin genes in CH14-64-ST1193 isolates; blaCTX–M–15, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, papB, papI, sat, iucA, iucB, iucC, chuT, chuX, and shuU in CH40-30-ST131 isolates; tetB in CH35-27-ST69 and CH13-5-ST12 isolates. Type distribution also differed by VF score. CH37-27-ST405 and CH26-5-ST38 isolates carried more ARGs and VFs indicating that they had a high resistance and virulence potential. This study demonstrates the type-specific distribution of resistance and virulence thus providing a basis for further research, prevention and treatment of ExPEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyang Zheng
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyuan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhe Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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13
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García-Carnero LC, Clavijo-Giraldo DM, Gómez-Gaviria M, Lozoya-Pérez NE, Tamez-Castrellón AK, López-Ramírez LA, Mora-Montes HM. Early Virulence Predictors during the Candida Species- Galleria mellonella Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030152. [PMID: 32867152 PMCID: PMC7559698 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a serious and increasing threat for human health, and one of the most frequent etiological agents for systemic mycoses is Candida spp. The gold standard to assess Candida virulence is the mouse model of systemic candidiasis, a restrictive, expensive, and time-consuming approach; therefore, invertebrate models have been proposed as alternatives. Galleria mellonella larvae have several traits that make them good candidates to study the fungal virulence. Here, we showed that a reduction in circulating hemocytes, increased melanin production, phenoloxidase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were observed at 12 and 24 h postinoculation of highly virulent Candidatropicalis strains, while minimal changes in these parameters were observed in low-virulent strains. Similarly, the most virulent species Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida auris, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida orthopsilosis have led to significant changes in those parameters; while the low virulent species Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, and Candida metapsilosis induced modest variations in these immunological and cytotoxicity parameters. Since changes in circulating hemocytes, melanin production, phenoloxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities showed a correlation with the larval median survival rates at 12 and 24 h postinoculation, we proposed them as candidates for early virulence predictors in G. mellonella.
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14
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Virulence Potential of a Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain Belonging to the Emerging Clonal Group ST101-B1 Isolated from Bloodstream Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060827. [PMID: 32486334 PMCID: PMC7355805 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli EC121 is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain isolated from a bloodstream infection of an inpatient with persistent gastroenteritis and T-zone lymphoma that died due to septic shock. Despite causing an extraintestinal infection, previous studies showed that it did not have the usual characteristics of an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Instead, it belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and harbored few known virulence genes. To evaluate the pathogenic potential of strain EC121, an extensive genome sequencing and in vitro characterization of various pathogenicity-associated properties were performed. The genomic analysis showed that strain EC121 harbors more than 50 complete virulence genetic clusters. It also displays the capacity to adhere to a variety of epithelial cell lineages and invade T24 bladder cells, as well as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and survive the bactericidal serum complement activity. Additionally, EC121 was shown to be virulent in the Galleria mellonella model. Furthermore, EC121 is an MDR strain harboring 14 antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-2. Completing the scenario, it belongs to serotype O154:H25 and to sequence type 101-B1, which has been epidemiologically linked to extraintestinal infections as well as to antimicrobial resistance spread. This study with E. coli strain EC121 shows that clinical isolates considered opportunistic might be true pathogens that go underestimated.
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15
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Fuzi M, Rodriguez Baño J, Toth A. Global Evolution of Pathogenic Bacteria With Extensive Use of Fluoroquinolone Agents. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:271. [PMID: 32158437 PMCID: PMC7052298 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the spread of many multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is predominantly clonal. Interestingly the international clones/sequence types (STs) of most pathogens emerged and disseminated during the last three decades. Strong experimental evidence from multiple laboratories indicate that diverse fitness cost associated with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones contributed to the selection and promotion of the international clones/STs of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Clostridioides difficile. The overwhelming part of the literature investigating the epidemiology of the pathogens as a function of fluoroquinolone use remain in concordence with these findings. Moreover, recent in vitro data clearly show the potential of fluoroquinolone exposure to shape the clonal evolution of Salmonella Enteritidis. The success of the international clones/STs in all these species was linked to the strains' unique ability to evolve multiple energetically beneficial gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations conferring high-level resistance to fluorquinolones and concomittantly permitting the acquisition of an extra resistance gene load without evoking appreciable fitness cost. Furthermore, by analyzing the clonality of multiple species, the review highlights, that in environments under high antibiotic exposure virulence factors play only a subsidiary role in the clonal dynamics of bacteria relative to multidrug-resistance coupled with favorable fitness (greater speed of replication). Though other groups of antibiotics should also be involved in selecting clones of bacterial pathogens the role of fluoroquinolones due to their peculiar fitness effect remains unique. It is suggested that probably no bacteria remain immune to the influence of fluoroquinolones in shaping their evolutionary dynamics. Consequently a more judicious use of fluoroquinolones, attuned to the proportion of international clone/ST isolates among local pathogens, would not only decrease resistance rates against this group of antibiotics but should also ameliorate the overall antibiotic resistance landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Fuzi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jesus Rodriguez Baño
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, University of Seville - Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Akos Toth
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
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16
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MicroRNAs regulate innate immunity against uropathogenic and commensal-like Escherichia coli infections in the surrogate insect model Galleria mellonella. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2570. [PMID: 32054914 PMCID: PMC7018962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains cause symptomatic urinary tract infections in humans whereas commensal-like E. coli strains in the urinary bladder cause long-term asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). We previously reported that UPEC and ABU strains differentially regulate key DNA methylation and histone acetylation components in the surrogate insect host Galleria mellonella to epigenetically modulate innate immunity-related gene expression, which in turn controls bacterial growth. In this follow-up study, we infected G. mellonella larvae with UPEC strain CFT073 or ABU strain 83972 to identify differences in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Our small RNA sequencing analysis showed that UPEC and ABU infections caused significant changes in the abundance of miRNAs in the larvae, and highlighted the differential expression of 147 conserved miRNAs and 95 novel miRNA candidates. We annotated the G. mellonella genome sequence to investigate the miRNA-regulated expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides, signaling proteins, and enzymatic regulators of DNA methylation and histone acetylation in infected larvae. Our results indicate that miRNAs play a role in the epigenetic reprograming of innate immunity in G. mellonella larvae to distinguish between pathogenic and commensal strains of E. coli.
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17
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Rodríguez-Villodres Á, Bonnin RA, Ortiz de la Rosa JM, Álvarez-Marín R, Naas T, Aznar J, Pachón J, Lepe JA, Smani Y. Phylogeny, Resistome, and Virulome of Escherichia coli Causing Biliary Tract Infections. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2118. [PMID: 31810308 PMCID: PMC6947626 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most frequent Gram-negative bacilli involved in intra-abdominal infections. However, despite high mortality rates associated with biliary tract infections due to E. coli, there is no study focusing on this pathogen. In this study, we have characterized a group of 15 E. coli isolates obtained from 12 patients with biliary tract infections. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were recovered. Phylogeny, resistome, and virulome analysis through whole genome sequencing and biofilm formation were investigated. Among the 15 E. coli isolates, no predominant sequence type (ST) was identified, although 3 of them belonged to unknown STs (20%). Resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cotrimoxazole, and quinolones was more present in these isolates; whereas, third and fourth generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, amikacin, tigecycline, and colistin were highly active. Moreover, high diversity of virulence factors has been found, with sfa, fimH, and gad the most frequently detected genes. Interestingly, 26.6% of the E. coli isolates were high biofilm-producers. Altogether, our data characterized for the first time E. coli isolates associated with biliary tract infections in terms of genomic relationship, resistome, and virulome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (J.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rémy A. Bonnin
- LabEx Lermit, EA7361, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France; (R.A.B.); (T.N.)
- The Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics” Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - José Manuel Ortiz de la Rosa
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (J.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Álvarez-Marín
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (J.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Thierry Naas
- LabEx Lermit, EA7361, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France; (R.A.B.); (T.N.)
- The Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics” Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
- Bacteriology Hygiene Unit, APHP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270 Paris, France
| | - Javier Aznar
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (J.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lepe
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (J.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Younes Smani
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (J.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
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18
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Cardenas-Alvarez MX, Townsend Ramsett MK, Malekmohammadi S, Bergholz TM. Evidence of hypervirulence in Listeria monocytogenes clonal complex 14. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1677-1685. [PMID: 31524579 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes central nervous system (CNS) and maternal-neonatal (MN) infections, bacteremia (BAC), and gastroenteritis in humans and ruminants. Specific clonal complexes (CC) have been associated with severe listeriosis cases, however, less is known about differences among subgroup virulence patterns. This study aimed to assess variation in virulence across different CC and clinical outcomes.Methodology. Galleria mellonella larvae were used to compare virulence phenotypes of 34 L. monocytogenes strains representing isolates from CC1, CC6 (from lineage I), and CC7, CC9, CC14, CC37 and CC204 (from lineage II) classified by clinical outcome: BAC, CNS and MN infection. Larvae survival, LD50, cytotoxicity, health index scores and bacterial concentrations post-infection were evaluated as quantifiable indicators of virulence.Results. Isolates belonging to CC14 and MN-associated infections are hypervirulent in G. mellonella as they led to lower G. mellonella survival rates and health index scores, as well as reduced cytotoxic effects when compared to other CC and clinical outcomes included here. CC14 isolates also showed increased bacterial concentrations at 8 and 24 h post-infection, indicating ability to survive the initial immune response and proliferate within G. mellonella larvae.Conclusion. Subgroups of L. monocytogenes possess different virulence phenotypes that may be associated with niche-specificity. While hypervirulent clones have been identified so far in lineage I, our data demonstrate that hypervirulent clones are not restricted to lineage I, as CC14 belongs to lineage II. Identification of subgroups with a higher ability to cause disease may facilitate surveillance and management of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahar Malekmohammadi
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Teresa M Bergholz
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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19
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Hamprecht A, Sommer J, Willmann M, Brender C, Stelzer Y, Krause FF, Tsvetkov T, Wild F, Riedel-Christ S, Kutschenreuter J, Imirzalioglu C, Gonzaga A, Nübel U, Göttig S. Pathogenicity of Clinical OXA-48 Isolates and Impact of the OXA-48 IncL Plasmid on Virulence and Bacterial Fitness. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2509. [PMID: 31736929 PMCID: PMC6838017 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OXA-48 is the most common carbapenemase in Enterobacterales in Germany and one of the most frequent carbapenemases worldwide. Several reports have associated blaOXA–48 with a virulent host phenotype. To challenge this hypothesis, 35 OXA-48-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 15) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 20) were studied in vitro, in vivo employing the Galleria mellonella infection model and by whole-genome sequencing. Clinical isolates belonged to 7 different sequence types (STs) in E. coli and 12 different STs in K. pneumoniae. In 26/35 isolates blaOXA–48 was located on a 63 kb IncL plasmid. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to E. coli J53 was high in isolates with the 63 kb IncL plasmid (transconjugation frequency: ∼103/donor) but low in isolates with non-IncL plasmids (<10–6/donor). Several clinical isolates were both highly cytotoxic against human cells and virulent in vivo. However, 63 kb IncL transconjugants generated from these highly virulent isolates were not more cytotoxic or virulent when compared to the recipient strain. Additionally, no genes associated with virulence were detected by in silico analysis of OXA-48 plasmids. The 63 kb plasmid was highly stable and did not impair growth or fitness in E. coli J53. In conclusion, OXA-48 clinical isolates in Germany are diverse but typically harbor the same 63 kb IncL plasmid which has been reported worldwide. We demonstrate that this 63 kb IncL plasmid has a low fitness burden, high plasmid stability and can be transferred by highly efficient HGT which is likely the cause of the rapid dissemination of OXA-48 rather than the expansion of a single clone or gain of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Bonn-Cologne), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Sommer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Willmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Tübingen), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Brender
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stelzer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Bonn-Cologne), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix F Krause
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tsvetan Tsvetkov
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Bonn-Cologne), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Wild
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sara Riedel-Christ
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Kutschenreuter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aitor Gonzaga
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig), Brunswick, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig), Brunswick, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Stephan Göttig
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
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20
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Guerrieri CG, Pereira MF, Galdino ACM, Dos Santos ALS, Elias WP, Schuenck RP, Spano LC. Typical and Atypical Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Are Both Virulent in the Galleria mellonella Model. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1791. [PMID: 31456762 PMCID: PMC6700222 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an emerging pathotype responsible for acute and persistent diarrhea. It can be classified as typical and atypical strains, respectively, based on the presence or absence of the AggR regulon, suggesting a higher virulence for typical EAEC. This study aims to evaluate in the Galleria mellonella model if there are differences in the virulence profiles among clinical strains of typical and atypical EAEC, prototype strains EAEC C1096, 042 and its aggR mutant. The clinical EAEC strains (n = 20) were analyzed for the presence of 22 putative virulence factors of EAEC or extraintestinal E. coli by PCR, as well as phenotypic characteristics of virulence (enzymes, siderophore, and biofilm). The survival of the larvae was analyzed after inoculation of 104-107 CFU/larva; the monitoring of bacterial growth in vivo and hemocyte quantification was determined after inoculation of the prototype strains (105 CFU/larva) at different periods after infection. The strains of typical and atypical EAEC presented the same virulence profile for the larva, regardless of the amount or type of genes and phenotypic aspects of virulence analyzed. In addition, the EAEC 042 aggR mutant strain showed a significant reduction in the mortality of the inoculated larvae compared to the wild-type strain. In conclusion, the results obtained herein demonstrate that the virulence of EAEC seems to be related to the AggR regulon, but not exclusively, and atypical EAEC strains may be as virulent as typical ones in vivo in the G. mellonella model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gastaldi Guerrieri
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Gastroenteritis, Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Gastroenteritis, Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Anna Clara Milesi Galdino
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies of Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Luis Souza Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies of Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Pinto Schuenck
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Gastroenteritis, Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Liliana Cruz Spano
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Gastroenteritis, Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Souza dos Santos B, Bezerra Filho CM, Alves do Nascimento Junior JA, Brust FR, Bezerra-Silva PC, Lino da Rocha SK, Krogfelt KA, Maria do Amaral Ferraz Navarro D, Tereza dos Santos Correia M, Napoleão TH, Nascimento da Silva LC, Macedo AJ, Vanusa da Silva M, Guedes Paiva PM. Anti-staphylococcal activity of Syagrus coronata essential oil: Biofilm eradication and in vivo action on Galleria mellonela infection model. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Sheehan G, Dixon A, Kavanagh K. Utilization of Galleria mellonella larvae to characterize the development of Staphylococcus aureus infection. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2019; 165:863-875. [PMID: 31107207 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a human opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of superficial and systemic infections in susceptible patients. Here we describe how an inoculum of S. aureus activates the cellular and humoral response of Galleria mellonella larvae while growing and disseminating throughout the host, forming nodules and ultimately killing the host. An inoculum of S. aureus (2×106 larva- 1 ) decreased larval viability at 24 (80±5.77 %), 48 (55.93±5.55 %) and 72 h (10.23±2.97 %) and was accompanied by significant proliferation and dissemination of S. aureus between 6 and 48 h and the formation of nodules in the host. The hemocyte (immune cell) densities increased between 4 and 24 h and hemocytes isolated from larvae after 24 h exposure to heat-killed S. aureus (2×106 larva- 1 ) showed altered killing kinetics as compared to those from control larvae. Alterations in the humoral immune response of larvae 6 and 24 h post-infection were also determined by quantitative shotgun proteomics. The proteome of 6 h-infected larvae was enriched for antimicrobial proteins, proteins of the prophenoloxidase cascade and a range of peptidoglycan recognition proteins. By 24 h there was a significant increase in the abundance of a range of antimicrobial peptides with anti-staphylococcal activity and proteins associated with nodule formation. The results presented here indicate how S. aureus interacts with the larval immune response, induces the expression of a variety of immune-related peptides and also forms nodules which are a hallmark of soft tissue infections during human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Sheehan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Amy Dixon
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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23
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Mostafavi SKS, Najar‐Peerayeh S, Mobarez AM, Parizi MK. Characterization of uropathogenic
E. coli
O25b‐B2‐ST131, O15:K52:H1, and CGA: Neutrophils apoptosis, serum bactericidal assay, biofilm formation, and virulence typing. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18272-18282. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahin Najar‐Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Kardoust Parizi
- Department of Urology Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Ambrosi C, Sarshar M, Aprea MR, Pompilio A, Di Bonaventura G, Strati F, Pronio A, Nicoletti M, Zagaglia C, Palamara AT, Scribano D. Colonic adenoma-associated Escherichia coli express specific phenotypes. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:305-312. [PMID: 30763764 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Specific Escherichia coli strains have been associated to colorectal cancer, while no data are available on genotypic and phenotypic features of E. coli colonizing premalignant adenomatous polyps and their pathogenic potential. This study was aimed at characterizing isolates collected from polyps and adjacent tissue in comparison with those from normal mucosa. From colonoscopy biopsies, 1500 E. coli isolates were retrieved and genotyped; 272 were characterized for phylogroup and major phenotypic traits (i.e., biofilm formation, motility, hemolysins, and proteases). Selected isolates were analyzed for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)-associated virulence genes and in vivo pathogenicity using Galleria mellonella. The majority of isolates collected from polyps were strong biofilm and poor protease producers, whereas those isolates from normal mucosa were highly motile, proteolytic and weak biofilm formers. Isolates from adjacent tissues shared features with those from both polyps and normal mucosa. Among selected E. coli isolates, ExPEC gene content/profile was variable and uncorrelated with the tissue of collection and larval mortality. Despite the heterogeneous virulence-gene carriage of the E. coli intestinal population, E. coli colonizing colonic adenomatous polyps express specific phenotypic traits that could represent an initial pathoadaptation to local environmental changes characterizing these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave 69, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Rita Aprea
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Strati
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Annamaria Pronio
- Department of General Surgery, "P. Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Nicoletti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Zagaglia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Via della Pisana, 235, 00163, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, Rome, Italy.
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钟 一, 张 晓, 刘 文, 杨 芳, 晏 群, 刘 清, 李 艳, 李 虹, 邹 明. [Bloodstream infections with Escherichia coli O16-ST131 and O25b-ST131: molecular epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis and antimicrobial resistance]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1521-1526. [PMID: 30613024 PMCID: PMC6744214 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.12.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the phylogenetics and prevalence of bloodstream infections with Escherichia coli ST131, the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the pathogens, and the clinical features. METHODS Non-duplicate Escherichia coli isolates were collected from 144 patients with bloodstream infections in our hospital between January and December, 2016.The phylogenetic groups of the isolates were analyzed using multiplex PCR, and O serotyping of ST131 strains was performed by allele-specific PCR.The clinical characteristics of the 144 patients were analyzed to define the differences in the clinical features between patients with ST131 infection and those with non-ST131 infection.Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the Vitek 2 compact system. RESULTS The phylogenetic group analysis showed a domination by group B2 (41.0%[59/144]), followed by group F, group B1 and group E, which accounted for 16.7%(24/144), 13.9%(20/144), and 13.2% (19/144), respectively.Nine strains (6.3%) of Escherichia coli were identified to be ST131 strains, among which 8 were O25b-B2-ST131 strains and 1 was O16-B2-ST131 strain.Of the 9 cases of ST131 infection, 7(77.8%) were found to occur in a nosocomial setting.The demographic characteristics and clinical features of the ST131-infected patients were similar to those of non-ST131-infected patients.ST131 strains were sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, ertapenem, and amikacin, but showed high resistance rates to cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (all over 50%).The positivity rate of ESBLs in the ST131 strains was 77.8%, and the multidrug resistance rate reached 88.9%, which was higher than that of non-ST131 isolates, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The most common phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with bloodstream infections are group B2 and F, and the positivity rate of ST131 is low.We for the first time detected O16-ST131 in patients with blood-borne infections in China.The clinical features of ST131-infected patients are similar to those of non-ST131-infected patients.The positivity rate of ESBLs and the multidrug resistance rate are high in ST131 strains, which may raise concerns in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- 一鸣 钟
- 中南大学湘雅医院检验科,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 晓荷 张
- 中南大学湘雅医学院医学检验系,湖南 长沙 410013Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - 文恩 刘
- 中南大学湘雅医院检验科,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 芳 杨
- 中南大学湘雅医院检验科,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 群 晏
- 中南大学湘雅医院检验科,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 清霞 刘
- 中南大学湘雅医院检验科,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 艳明 李
- 中南大学湘雅医院检验科,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 虹玲 李
- 中南大学湘雅医院检验科,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 明祥 邹
- 中南大学湘雅医院检验科,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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26
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Clinical Impact of Sequence Type 131 in Adults with Community-Onset Monomicrobial Escherichia Coli Bacteremia. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120508. [PMID: 30513864 PMCID: PMC6306926 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical impact of ST (sequence type) 131 in adults with community-onset Escherichia coli bacteremia remains controversial. Methods: Clinical data of 843 adults presenting with community-onset monomicrobial E. coli bacteremia at a medical center between 2008 and 2013 were collected. E. coli isolates were genotyped by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect ST131 and non-ST131 clones. Results: Of 843 isolates from 843 patients with a mean age of 69 years, there were 102 (12.1%) isolates of ST131. The ST131 clone was more likely to be found in the elderly (76.5% vs. 64.0%; p = 0.01) and in nursing-home residents (12.7% vs. 3.8%; p < 0.001) than non-ST131 clones. Furthermore, the ST131 clone was associated with a longer time to appropriate antibiotic therapy (2.6 vs. 0.8 days; p = 0.004) and a higher 28-day mortality rate (14.7% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.003). In the Cox regression analysis with an adjustment of independent predictors, the ST131 clone exhibited a significant adverse impact on 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.18; p = 0.02). The different impact of the ST131 clone on 28-day mortality was disclosed in the non-ESBL (aOR 1.27; p = 0.70) and ESBL (aOR 10.19; p = 0.048) subgroups. Conclusions: Among adults with community-onset E. coli bacteremia, the ST131 clone was associated with higher 28-day mortality, particularly in those infected by ESBL producers.
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27
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Pereira TC, de Barros PP, Fugisaki LRDO, Rossoni RD, Ribeiro FDC, de Menezes RT, Junqueira JC, Scorzoni L. Recent Advances in the Use of Galleria mellonella Model to Study Immune Responses against Human Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4040128. [PMID: 30486393 PMCID: PMC6308929 DOI: 10.3390/jof4040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of invertebrates for in vivo studies in microbiology is well established in the scientific community. Larvae of Galleria mellonella are a widely used model for studying pathogenesis, the efficacy of new antimicrobial compounds, and immune responses. The immune system of G. mellonella larvae is structurally and functionally similar to the innate immune response of mammals, which makes this model suitable for such studies. In this review, cellular responses (hemocytes activity: phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation) and humoral responses (reactions or soluble molecules released in the hemolymph as antimicrobial peptides, melanization, clotting, free radical production, and primary immunization) are discussed, highlighting the use of G. mellonella as a model of immune response to different human pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristine Pereira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Ruano de Oliveira Fugisaki
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Felipe de Camargo Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Teles de Menezes
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
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Merino I, Porter SB, Johnston BD, Clabots C, Shaw E, Horcajada JP, Cantón R, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Johnson JR. Virulence genes and subclone status as markers of experimental virulence in a murine sepsis model among Escherichia coli sequence type 131 clinical isolates from Spain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188838. [PMID: 29190804 PMCID: PMC5708792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess experimental virulence among sequence type 131 (ST131) Escherichia coli bloodstream isolates in relation to virulence genotype and subclone. METHODS We analysed 48 Spanish ST131 bloodstream isolates (2010) by PCR for ST131 subclone status (H30Rx, H30 non-Rx, or non-H30), virulence genes (VGs), and O-type. Then we compared these traits with virulence in a murine sepsis model, as measured by illness severity score (ISS) and rapid lethality (mean ISS ≥ 4). RESULTS Of the 48 study isolates, 65% were H30Rx, 21% H30 non-Rx, and 15% non-H30; 44% produced ESBLs, 98% were O25b, and 83% qualified as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Of 49 VGs, ibeA and iss were associated significantly with non-H30 isolates, and sat, iha and malX with H30 isolates. Median VG scores differed by subclone, i.e., 12 (H30Rx), 10 (H30 non-Rx), and 11 (non-H30) (p < 0.01). Nearly 80% of isolates represented a described virotype. In mice, H30Rx and non-H30 isolates were more virulent than H30 non-Rx isolates (according to ISS [p = 0.03] and rapid lethality [p = 0.03]), as were ExPEC isolates compared with non-ExPEC isolates (median ISS, 4.3 vs. 2.7: p = 0.03). In contrast, most individual VGs, VG scores, VG profiles, and virotypes were not associated with mouse virulence. CONCLUSIONS ST131 subclone and ExPEC status, but not individual VGs, VG scores or profiles, or virotypes, predicted mouse virulence. Given the lower virulence of non-Rx H30 isolates, hypervirulence probably cannot explain the ST131-H30 clade's epidemic emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Merino
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen B. Porter
- Minneapolis Veterans Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Connie Clabots
- Minneapolis Veterans Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Shaw
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Horcajada
- Hospital del Mar-Medical Research Institute of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-CEXS Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - James R. Johnson
- Minneapolis Veterans Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Fuzi M, Szabo D, Csercsik R. Double-Serine Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mutations Advance Major International Clones and Lineages of Various Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2261. [PMID: 29250038 PMCID: PMC5715326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major international sequence types/lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and ESBL-producing E. coli were demonstrated to have been advanced by favorable fitness balance associated with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones. The paper shows that favorable fitness in the major STs/lineages of these pathogens was principally attained by the capacity of evolving mutations in the fluoroquinolone-binding serine residues of both the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. The available information on fitness balance incurred by individual and various combinations of mutations in the enzymes is reviewed in multiple species. Moreover, strong circumstantial evidence is presented that major STs/lineages of other multi-drug resistant bacteria, primarily vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), emerged by a similar mechanism. The reason(s) why the major ST/lineage strains of various pathogens proved more adept at evolving favorable mutations than most isolates of the same species remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Fuzi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Szabo
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Csercsik
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Jønsson R, Struve C, Jenssen H, Krogfelt KA. The wax moth Galleria mellonella as a novel model system to study Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli pathogenesis. Virulence 2017; 8:1894-1899. [PMID: 27824518 PMCID: PMC5810504 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1256537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Jønsson
- a Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde , Denmark.,b Department of Microbiology and Infection Control , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Carsten Struve
- b Department of Microbiology and Infection Control , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- a Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Karen A Krogfelt
- b Department of Microbiology and Infection Control , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulate Innate Immunity against Uropathogenic and Commensal-Like Escherichia coli in the Surrogate Insect Model Galleria mellonella. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00336-17. [PMID: 28739824 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00336-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate-immunity-related genes in humans are activated during urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli but are suppressed by commensals. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. To determine whether epigenetic mechanisms can explain the different behaviors of pathogenic and commensal bacteria, we infected larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, a widely used model insect host, with a uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strain that causes symptomatic UTIs in humans or a commensal-like strain that causes asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Infection with the UPEC strain (CFT073) was more lethal to larvae than infection with the attenuated ABU strain (83972) due to the recognition of each strain by different Toll-like receptors, ultimately leading to differential DNA/RNA methylation and histone acetylation. We used next-generation sequencing and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to correlate epigenetic changes with the induction of innate-immunity-related genes. Transcriptomic analysis of G. mellonella larvae infected with E. coli strains CFT073 and 83972 revealed strain-specific variations in the class and expression levels of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and enzymes controlling DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Our results provide evidence for the differential epigenetic regulation of transcriptional reprogramming by UPEC and ABU strains of E. coli in G. mellonella larvae, which may be relevant to understanding the different behaviors of these bacterial strains in the human urinary tract.
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Arteaga Blanco LA, Crispim JS, Fernandes KM, de Oliveira LL, Pereira MF, Bazzolli DMS, Martins GF. Differential cellular immune response of Galleria mellonella to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:153-168. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Drekonja DM, Kuskowski MA, Anway R, Johnston BD, Johnson JR. The Niche for Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Among Veterans: Urinary Tract Abnormalities and Long-Term Care Facilities. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw138. [PMID: 27703999 PMCID: PMC5047397 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite more extensive antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinant profiles, among veterans Escherichia coli sequence type 131 and its H30R subclone are associated with similar outcomes compared to other E. coli, and with urinary tract abnormalities and long-term care facility exposure. Background. Antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli is increasing, driven largely by the global emergence of sequence type 131 (ST131). However, the clinical significance of ST131 status is unknown. Among veterans, we assessed whether ST131 causes more severe, persistent, or recurrence-prone infections than non-ST131 E. coli. Methods. Isolates were assessed by polymerase chain reaction for membership in ST131 and relevant subclones thereof (H30R and H30Rx) and by broth microdilution for susceptibility to 11 antibiotics. Clinical and epidemiological data were systematically abstracted from the medical record. Between-group comparisons were made using t tests and Fisher's exact test. Results. Of the 311 unique E. coli isolates, 61 (19.6%) represented ST131. Of these, most (51 of 61, 83.6%) represented the H30R subclone; only 5 of 51 (9.8%) represented H30Rx. Relative to non-ST131 and non-H30R isolates, neither ST131 nor H30R were associated with more severe disease, worse clinical outcomes, or more robust hosts. Instead, both were more likely to be isolated from patients without manifestations of infection (for ST131, 36.1% vs 21.2% [P = .02]; for H30R, 39% vs 21% [P = .008]) and who had prior healthcare contact or long-term care facility (LTCF) exposure (for ST131, 33% vs 14% [P = .002]; for H30R, 37% vs 14% [P < .001]). Despite a greater likelihood of discordant initial therapy, outcomes did not differ between ST131 and H30R isolates vs other E. coli isolates. Conclusions. Among veterans, ST131 and its H30R subclone were associated with LTCF-exposed hosts but not with worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Anway
- Research Service , Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System , Minnesota
| | | | - James R Johnson
- Infectious Diseases Section; Research Service, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minnesota
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Johnson JR, Thuras P, Johnston BD, Weissman SJ, Limaye AP, Riddell K, Scholes D, Tchesnokova V, Sokurenko E. The Pandemic H30 Subclone of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Is Associated With Persistent Infections and Adverse Outcomes Independent From Its Multidrug Resistance and Associations With Compromised Hosts. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62:1529-1536. [PMID: 27025834 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The H30 subclone within Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131-H30) has emerged rapidly to become the leading antibiotic-resistant E. coli strain. Hypervirulence, multidrug resistance, and opportunism have been proposed as explanations for its epidemic success. METHODS We assessed 1133 consecutive unique E. coli clinical isolates from 5 medical centers (2010-2011) for H30 genotype, which we compared with epidemiological and clinical data extracted from medical records by blinded reviewers. Using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, we explored associations of H30 with underlying host characteristics, clinical presentations, management, and outcomes, adjusting for host characteristics. RESULTS The H30 (n = 107) isolates were associated with hosts who were older, male, locally and systemically compromised, and healthcare and antibiotic exposed. With multivariable adjustment for host factors, H30 lost its numerous significant univariable associations with initial clinical presentation, but remained strongly associated with clinical persistence (odds ratio [OR], 3.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89-6.37), microbiological persistence (OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 2.38-8.38), subsequent hospital admission (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.35-5.33), and subsequent new infection (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.01-3.00). These host-adjusted associations remained strong even with added adjustment for resistance to the initially prescribed antibiotics, and the adverse outcome associations (subsequent hospital admission, new infection) were independent of clinical and microbiological persistence. CONCLUSIONS In addition to targeting compromised hosts and resisting multiple antibiotics, H30 isolates may have an intrinsic ability to cause highly persistent infections and later adverse outcomes. The basis for these host- and resistance-independent associations is unclear, but they should be considered when managing patients with H30 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Johnson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Paul Thuras
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Brian D Johnston
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | | | | | - Kim Riddell
- Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington
| | - Delia Scholes
- University of Washington
- Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington
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Strengths and Limitations of Model Systems for the Study of Urinary Tract Infections and Related Pathologies. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:351-67. [PMID: 26935136 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00067-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are a source of substantial morbidity among otherwise healthy women. UTIs can be caused by a variety of microbes, but the predominant etiologic agent of these infections is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). An especially troubling feature of UPEC-associated UTIs is their high rate of recurrence. This problem is compounded by the drastic increase in the global incidence of antibiotic-resistant UPEC strains over the past 15 years. The need for more-effective treatments for UTIs is driving research aimed at bettering our understanding of the virulence mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions that occur during the course of these infections. Surrogate models of human infection, including cell culture systems and the use of murine, porcine, avian, teleost (zebrafish), and nematode hosts, are being employed to define host and bacterial factors that modulate the pathogenesis of UTIs. These model systems are revealing how UPEC strains can avoid or overcome host defenses and acquire scarce nutrients while also providing insight into the virulence mechanisms used by UPEC within compromised individuals, such as catheterized patients. Here, we summarize our current understanding of UTI pathogenesis while also giving an overview of the model systems used to study the initiation, persistence, and recurrence of UTIs and life-threatening sequelae like urosepsis. Although we focus on UPEC, the experimental systems described here can also provide valuable insight into the disease processes associated with other bacterial pathogens both within the urinary tract and elsewhere within the host.
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Effective immunosuppression with dexamethasone phosphate in the Galleria mellonella larva infection model resulting in enhanced virulence of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:333-43. [PMID: 26920133 PMCID: PMC4939170 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate whether immunosuppression with dexamethasone 21-phosphate could be applied to the Galleria mellonella in vivo infection model. Characterised clinical isolates of Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae were employed, and G. mellonella larvae were infected with increasing doses of each strain to investigate virulence in vivo. Virulence was then compared with larvae exposed to increasing doses of dexamethasone 21-phosphate. The effect of dexamethasone 21-phosphate on larval haemocyte phagocytosis in vitro was determined via fluorescence microscopy and a burden assay measured the growth of infecting bacteria inside the larvae. Finally, the effect of dexamethasone 21-phosphate treatment on the efficacy of ceftazidime after infection was also noted. The pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae or E. coli in G. mellonella larvae was dependent on high inoculum numbers such that virulence could not be attributed specifically to infection by live bacteria but also to factors associated with dead cells. Thus, for these strains, G. mellonella larvae do not constitute an ideal infection model. Treatment of larvae with dexamethasone 21-phosphate enhanced the lethality induced by infection with E. coli or K. pneumoniae in a dose- and inoculum size-dependent manner. This correlated with proliferation of bacteria in the larvae that could be attributed to dexamethasone inhibiting haemocyte phagocytosis and acting as an immunosuppressant. Notably, prior exposure to dexamethasone 21-phosphate reduced the efficacy of ceftazidime in vivo. In conclusion, demonstration of an effective immunosuppressant regimen can improve the specificity and broaden the applications of the G. mellonella model to address key questions regarding infection.
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Can F, Kurt-Azap O, Nurtop E, Ispir P, Seref C, Ergonul O. Molecular epidemiology of bloodstream-associated Escherichia coli ST131 H30-Rx subclone infection in a region with high quinolone resistance. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:306-310. [PMID: 26795934 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections caused by Escherichia coli ST131 and ST131 H30-Rx subclones have emerged worldwide. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of the ST131-Rx subclone and characterize the virulence properties of the Rx isolates among the bloodstream E. coli isolates. A total of 297 non-duplicated E. coli bloodstream isolates were studied. Antibiotic susceptibilities were tested using the disc diffusion method. PCR amplification and sequencing was used to identify ST131 and H30-Rx, the virulence gene, the β-lactamase and virotype. Quinolone resistance among bacteraemic E. coli strains was 51 %, and it was 98 % among E. coli ST131 isolates. The ST131 isolates accounted for 16 % (49) of all isolates and all ST131 isolates belonged to the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. The proportion of H30 subclone among the ST131 isolates was 98 %, and 75 % of H30 isolates belonged to the H30-Rx subclone. The prevalence of ST131 increased from 13 to 23 % in 4 years; however, there was a decrease in the ratio of H30-Rx infections. CTX-M-15 was detected in 85 % of ST131 and all of the H30-Rx isolates. The virulence genes associated with adhesion, cell protection, iron uptake and toxins (papA, iha, kpsMTII, iut and sat) were more common in ST131 than in non-ST131 isolates. Most of the ST131 and H30-Rx isolates were of the C virotype. All papA-positive isolates were in virotype C. The E. coli ST131 clone has increased rapidly among bloodstream isolates. However, a decrease in the proportion of the H30-Rx subclone in the quinolone-resistant population suggests the possibility of dissemination of other virulent and quinolone-resistant subclones in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusun Can
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kurt-Azap
- Baskent University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Nurtop
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Ispir
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Seref
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onder Ergonul
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tsai CJY, Loh JMS, Proft T. Galleria mellonella infection models for the study of bacterial diseases and for antimicrobial drug testing. Virulence 2016; 7:214-29. [PMID: 26730990 PMCID: PMC4871635 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1135289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth or honeycomb moth) has been introduced as an alternative model to study microbial infections. G. mellonella larvae can be easily and inexpensively obtained in large numbers and are simple to use as they don't require special lab equipment. There are no ethical constraints and their short life cycle makes them ideal for large-scale studies. Although insects lack an adaptive immune response, their innate immune response shows remarkable similarities with the immune response in vertebrates. This review gives a current update of what is known about the immune system of G. mellonella and provides an extensive overview of how G. mellonella is used to study the virulence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the use of G. mellonella to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and experimental phage therapy are also discussed. The review concludes with a critical assessment of the current limitatons of G. mellonella infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jia-Yun Tsai
- a Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology , School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,b Maurice Wilkins Center, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jacelyn Mei San Loh
- a Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology , School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,b Maurice Wilkins Center, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Thomas Proft
- a Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology , School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,b Maurice Wilkins Center, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Betts JW, Phee LM, Abdul Momin MHF, Umland KD, Brem J, Schofield CJ, Wareham DW. In vitro and in vivo activity of ML302F: a thioenolate inhibitor of VIM-subfamily metallo β-lactamases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00380f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thioenol ML302F, recently identified as an inhibitor of class B metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), restores antibiotic susceptibility to meropenem resistant strains in cells and the Galleria mellonella invertebrate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Betts
- Antimicrobial Research Group
- Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Lynette M. Phee
- Antimicrobial Research Group
- Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Muhd H. F. Abdul Momin
- Antimicrobial Research Group
- Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | | | - Jurgen Brem
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - David W. Wareham
- Antimicrobial Research Group
- Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
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Ciesielczuk H, Doumith M, Hope R, Woodford N, Wareham DW. Characterization of the extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli ST131 clone among isolates recovered from urinary and bloodstream infections in the United Kingdom. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1496-1503. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ciesielczuk
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, UK
| | - M. Doumith
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
| | - R. Hope
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Department, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
| | - N. Woodford
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
| | - D. W. Wareham
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Wiles S. All models are wrong, but some are useful: Averting the 'microbial apocalypse'. Virulence 2015; 6:730-2. [PMID: 26315720 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2014.1001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siouxsie Wiles
- a Bioluminescent Superbugs Group ; Molecular Medicine and Pathology; University of Auckland ; Auckland , New Zealand
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