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Zhang Y, Huang S, Xie B, Zhong Y. Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Glaucoma. Aging Dis 2024; 15:546-564. [PMID: 37725658 PMCID: PMC10917531 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most serious risk factors for glaucoma, and according to age-standardized prevalence, glaucoma is the second leading cause of legal blindness worldwide. Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging that is defined by a stable exit from the cell cycle in response to cellular damage and stress. The potential mechanisms underlying glaucomatous cellular senescence include oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective autophagy/mitophagy, and epigenetic modifications. These phenotypes interact and generate a sufficiently stable network to maintain the cell senescent state. Senescent trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and vascular endothelial cells reportedly accumulate with age and stress and may contribute to glaucoma pathologies. Therapies targeting the suppression or elimination of senescent cells have been found to ameliorate RGC death and improve vision in glaucoma models, suggesting the pivotal role of cellular senescence in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. In this review, we explore the biological links between aging and glaucoma, specifically delving into cellular senescence. Moreover, we summarize the current data on cellular senescence in key target cells associated with the development and clinical phenotypes of glaucoma. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting cellular senescence for the management of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shouyue Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Yisheng Zhong () and Bing Xie (), Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Yisheng Zhong () and Bing Xie (), Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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D'Urso B, Weil R, Génin P. [Optineurin and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:167-175. [PMID: 38411425 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Optineurin (OPTN) is a multifunctional protein playing a crucial role as a receptor in selective autophagy. OPTN gene mutations are linked to diseases such as normal-tension glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recognized as a critical receptor for mitophagy, OPTN is pivotal in selectively degrading damaged mitochondria. This process is essential to prevent their accumulation, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and the release of pro-apoptotic factors. Mitophagy's quality control is governed by the PINK1 kinase and the cytosolic ubiquitin ligase Parkin, whose mutations are associated with Parkinson's disease. This review highlights recent insights emphasizing OPTN's role in mitophagy and its potential involvement in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste D'Urso
- CIMI-Paris, UPMC UMRS CR7 - Inserm U1135 - CNRS EMR8255, Faculté de médecine Sorbonne Université site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France - Sorbonne Université, Faculté des sciences et ingénierie, Paris, France
| | - Robert Weil
- CIMI-Paris, UPMC UMRS CR7 - Inserm U1135 - CNRS EMR8255, Faculté de médecine Sorbonne Université site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Génin
- CIMI-Paris, UPMC UMRS CR7 - Inserm U1135 - CNRS EMR8255, Faculté de médecine Sorbonne Université site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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3
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Bandi DP, Sudhakar U, Parthasarathy H, Rajamani SR, Krishnaswamy B. Expression dynamics of microRNA-223/Ras-associated binding protein 12 axis in Stage III/Grade B periodontal disease: A case-control analysis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2024; 28:99-105. [PMID: 38988960 PMCID: PMC11232797 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_179_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The intricate interplay between periodontal polymicrobial flora and an altered immune response is the central cause of periodontal disease. Multiple cell death methods and their interactions, along with the associated signaling pathways, significantly impact the initiation and advancement of periodontitis. Our speculation revolves around the role of the miR-223/Ras-associated binding protein (RAB12) signaling axis in regulating autophagy-induced pyroptosis, contributing to the pathophysiology of periodontitis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate miR-223 and RAB12 expression patterns in Stage III/Grade B periodontal disease. Materials and Methods The study included 50 healthy individuals and 50 patients diagnosed with Stage III/Grade B periodontal disease. Clinical parameters were cataloged for each participant. miRNA-223 underwent an in silico analysis to identify its potential target genes. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from the subjects for real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression of both miR-223 and the RAB12 gene. Results The miRTargetLink2.0 analysis highlighted the RAB12 gene as a prime target for miR-223. In periodontal disease patients, miR-223 and RAB12 gene expressions significantly increased (15.21 and 34.70-fold changes, respectively; P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that miR-223 is a potential biomarker for periodontal disease, with 76% diagnostic accuracy and an area under the curve of 0.777 (P < 0.01). Conclusion MicroRNA-223 and its target gene RAB12 exhibit high expression levels in GCF samples from individuals with periodontal disease. This suggests modulation of autophagy and the signaling mechanism for pyroptotic cell death in periodontal tissues during pathogenesis. Consequently, the miR-223/RAB12 axis might represent a plausible link for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhathri Priya Bandi
- Department of Periodontology, Thaimoogambigai Dental College and Hospital, M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uma Sudhakar
- Department of Periodontology, Thaimoogambigai Dental College and Hospital, M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harinath Parthasarathy
- Department of Periodontology, S.R.M. Dental College and Hospital, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Snophia Rani Rajamani
- Department of Periodontology, Thaimoogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Krishnaswamy
- Former Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pandino I, Giammaria S, Zingale GA, Roberti G, Michelessi M, Coletta M, Manni G, Agnifili L, Vercellin AV, Harris A, Oddone F, Sbardella D. Ubiquitin proteasome system and glaucoma: A survey of genetics and molecular biology studies supporting a link with pathogenic and therapeutic relevance. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101226. [PMID: 37950974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma represents a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons with subsequent visual field impairment. The disease develops through largely uncharacterized molecular mechanisms, that are likely to occur in different localized cell types, either in the anterior (e.g., trabecular meshwork cells) or posterior (e.g., Muller glia, retinal ganglion cells) segments of the eye. Genomic and preclinical studies suggest that glaucoma pathogenesis may develop through altered ubiquitin (Ub) signaling. Ubiquitin conjugation, referred to as ubiquitylation, is a major post-synthetic modification catalyzed by E1-E2-E3 enzymes, that profoundly regulates the turnover, trafficking and biological activity of the targeted protein. The development of new technologies, including proteomics workflows, allows the biology of ubiquitin signaling to be described in health and disease. This post-translational modification is emerging as a key role player in neurodegeneration, gaining relevance for novel therapeutic options, such as in the case of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras technology. Although scientific evidence supports a link between Ub and glaucoma, their relationship is still not well-understood. Therefore, this review provides a detailed research-oriented discussion on current evidence of Ub signaling in glaucoma. A review of genomic and genetic data is provided followed by an in-depth discussion of experimental data on ASB10, parkin and optineurin, which are proteins that play a key role in Ub signaling and have been associated with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianluca Manni
- IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy; DSCMT University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Agnifili
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Alon Harris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Walter S, Mertens C, Muckenthaler MU, Ott C. Cardiac iron metabolism during aging - Role of inflammation and proteolysis. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111869. [PMID: 37678569 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron is the most abundant trace element in the human body. Since iron can switch between its 2-valent and 3-valent form it is essential in various physiological processes such as energy production, proliferation or DNA synthesis. Especially high metabolic organs such as the heart rely on iron-associated iron-sulfur and heme proteins. However, due to switches in iron oxidation state, iron overload exhibits high toxicity through formation of reactive oxygen species, underlining the importance of balanced iron levels. Growing evidence demonstrates disturbance of this balance during aging. While age-associated cardiovascular diseases are often related to iron deficiency, in physiological aging cardiac iron accumulates. To understand these changes, we focused on inflammation and proteolysis, two hallmarks of aging, and their role in iron metabolism. Via the IL-6-hepcidin axis, inflammation and iron status are strongly connected often resulting in anemia accompanied by infiltration of macrophages. This tight connection between anemia and inflammation highlights the importance of the macrophage iron metabolism during inflammation. Age-related decrease in proteolytic activity additionally affects iron balance due to impaired degradation of iron metabolism proteins. Therefore, this review accentuates alterations in iron metabolism during aging with regards to inflammation and proteolysis to draw attention to their implications and associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Walter
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Wuppertal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Immunology, and Hematology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Immunology, and Hematology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Wuppertal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Jiménez-Loygorri JI, Benítez-Fernández R, Viedma-Poyatos Á, Zapata-Muñoz J, Villarejo-Zori B, Gómez-Sintes R, Boya P. Mitophagy in the retina: Viewing mitochondrial homeostasis through a new lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101205. [PMID: 37454969 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is key to support metabolism and homeostasis in the retina, an organ that has one of the highest metabolic rates body-wide and is constantly exposed to photooxidative damage and external stressors. Mitophagy is the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria within lysosomes, and can be triggered by distinct stimuli such as mitochondrial damage or hypoxia. Here, we review the importance of mitophagy in retinal physiology and pathology. In the developing retina, mitophagy is essential for metabolic reprogramming and differentiation of retina ganglion cells (RGCs). In basal conditions, mitophagy acts as a quality control mechanism, maintaining a healthy mitochondrial pool to meet cellular demands. We summarize the different autophagy- and mitophagy-deficient mouse models described in the literature, and discuss the potential role of mitophagy dysregulation in retinal diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration. Finally, we provide an overview of methods used to monitor mitophagy in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. This review highlights the important role of mitophagy in sustaining visual function, and its potential as a putative therapeutic target for retinal and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Jiménez-Loygorri
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Benítez-Fernández
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Álvaro Viedma-Poyatos
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Zapata-Muñoz
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez-Sintes
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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7
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Pan Z, Zhang H, Dokudovskaya S. The Role of mTORC1 Pathway and Autophagy in Resistance to Platinum-Based Chemotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10651. [PMID: 37445831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum I) is a platinum-based drug, the mainstay of anticancer treatment for numerous solid tumors. Since its approval by the FDA in 1978, the drug has continued to be used for the treatment of half of epithelial cancers. However, resistance to cisplatin represents a major obstacle during anticancer therapy. Here, we review recent findings on how the mTORC1 pathway and autophagy can influence cisplatin sensitivity and resistance and how these data can be applicable for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Pan
- CNRS UMR9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Hanxiao Zhang
- CNRS UMR9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- CNRS UMR9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
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8
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Li C, Xiao C, Tao H, Tang X. Research progress of iron metabolism in retinal diseases. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2023; 3:93-100. [PMID: 37846377 PMCID: PMC10577842 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Retinal diseases can lead to severe visual impairment and even blindness, but current treatments are limited. For precise targeted therapy, the pathophysiological mechanisms of the diseases still need to be further explored. Iron serves an essential role in many biological activities and helps maintain the function and morphology of the retina. The vision problems caused by retinal diseases are affecting more and more people, the study of iron metabolism in retinal diseases possesses great potential for clinical application. Main text Iron maintains a dynamic balance in the retina but in excess is toxic to the retina. Iron overload can lead to various pathological changes in the retina through oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, angiogenesis and other pathways. It is therefore involved in the progression of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and hereditary iron overload. In recent years, iron chelators have been shown to be effective in the treatment of retinal diseases, but the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. This question prompted further investigation into the specific mechanisms by which iron metabolism is involved in retinal disease. Conclusions This review summarizes iron metabolism processes in the retina and mechanistic studies of iron metabolism in the progression of retinal disease. It also highlights the therapeutic potential of iron chelators in retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunzi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyu Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianling Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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9
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Moharir SC, Sirohi K, Swarup G. Regulation of transferrin receptor trafficking by optineurin and its disease-associated mutants. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:67-78. [PMID: 36631201 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin receptor (TFRC) is a transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in mediating homeostasis of iron in the cell. The binding of transferrin (that is bound to iron) to TFRC at the cell membrane generally starts endocytosis of TFRC-transferrin complex, which leads to formation of vesicles that are positive for TFRC. These vesicles travel to the early endosomes and later to the endocytic recycling compartment. Release of iron occurs in the early endosomes because of acidic pH. Major fraction of the transferrin and TFRC is transported back to the cell membrane; however, a minor fraction of it is transported to lysosomes through the process of autophagy. Optineurin (OPTN) is a multi-functional adaptor protein that plays a pivotal role in the control of TFRC trafficking, recycling and autophagy dependent degradation. Optineurin also plays a role in cargo-selective and non-selective autophagy. Here, we review our understanding of the function of OPTN in regulating TFRC trafficking, recycling and autophagy dependent degradation. We also discuss the mechanisms by which certain disease-associated mutations of OPTN alter these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivranjani C Moharir
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kapil Sirohi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ghanshyam Swarup
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India.
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10
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Li M, Gao ZL, Zhang QP, Luo AX, Xu WY, Duan TQ, Wen XP, Zhang RQ, Zeng R, Huang JF. Autophagy in glaucoma pathogenesis: Therapeutic potential and future perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1068213. [PMID: 36589756 PMCID: PMC9795220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1068213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common blinding eye disease characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, progressive loss of visual field, and optic nerve atrophy. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma and is closely related to its pathogenesis. Targeting autophagy and blocking the apoptosis of RGCs provides emerging guidance for the treatment of glaucoma. Here, we provide a systematic review of the mechanisms and targets of interventions related to autophagy in glaucoma and discuss the outlook of emerging ideas, techniques, and multidisciplinary combinations to provide a new basis for further research and the prevention of glaucomatous visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Anatomy Laboratory, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ai-Xiang Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Ye Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian-Qi Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu-Peng Wen
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru-Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru Zeng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Ju-Fang Huang,
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Chen M, Zhang Y, Jiang K, Wang W, Feng H, Zhen R, Moo C, Zhang Z, Shi J, Chen C. Grab regulates transferrin receptor recycling and iron uptake in developing erythroblasts. Blood 2022; 140:1145-1155. [PMID: 35820059 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing erythroblasts acquire massive amounts of iron through the transferrin (Tf) cycle, which involves endocytosis, sorting, and recycling of the Tf-Tf receptor (Tfrc) complex. Previous studies on the hemoglobin-deficit (hbd) mouse have shown that the exocyst complex is indispensable for the Tfrc recycling; however, the precise mechanism underlying the efficient exocytosis and recycling of Tfrc in erythroblasts remains unclear. Here, we identify the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Grab as a critical regulator of the Tf cycle and iron metabolism during erythropoiesis. Grab is highly expressed in differentiating erythroblasts. Loss of Grab diminishes the Tfrc recycling and iron uptake, leading to hemoglobinization defects in mouse primary erythroblasts, mammalian erythroleukemia cells, and zebrafish embryos. These defects can be alleviated by supplementing iron together with hinokitiol, a small-molecule natural compound that can mediate iron transport independent of the Tf cycle. Mechanistically, Grab regulates the exocytosis of Tfrc-associated vesicles by activating the GTPase Rab8, which subsequently promotes the recruitment of the exocyst complex and vesicle exocytosis. Our results reveal a critical role for Grab in regulating the Tf cycle and provide new insights into iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kailun Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - He Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru Zhen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chingyee Moo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuonan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programs, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Caiyong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Alarcan H, Al Ojaimi Y, Lanznaster D, Escoffre JM, Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Andres CR, Veyrat-Durebex C, Blasco H. Taking Advantages of Blood–Brain or Spinal Cord Barrier Alterations or Restoring Them to Optimize Therapy in ALS? J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071071. [PMID: 35887567 PMCID: PMC9319288 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that still lacks an efficient therapy. The barriers between the central nervous system (CNS) and the blood represent a major limiting factor to the development of drugs for CNS diseases, including ALS. Alterations of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) have been reported in this disease but still require further investigations. Interestingly, these alterations might be involved in the complex etiology and pathogenesis of ALS. Moreover, they can have potential consequences on the diffusion of candidate drugs across the brain. The development of techniques to bypass these barriers is continuously evolving and might open the door for personalized medical approaches. Therefore, identifying robust and non-invasive markers of BBB and BSCB alterations can help distinguish different subgroups of patients, such as those in whom barrier disruption can negatively affect the delivery of drugs to their CNS targets. The restoration of CNS barriers using innovative therapies could consequently present the advantage of both alleviating the disease progression and optimizing the safety and efficiency of ALS-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Alarcan
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Yara Al Ojaimi
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Debora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoffre
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- Service de Neurologie, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
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13
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Molecular regulation of neuroinflammation in glaucoma: Current knowledge and the ongoing search for new treatment targets. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 87:100998. [PMID: 34348167 PMCID: PMC8803988 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation relying on the inflammatory responses of glial cells has emerged as an impactful component of the multifactorial etiology of neurodegeneration in glaucoma. It has become increasingly evident that despite early adaptive and reparative features of glial responses, prolonged reactivity of the resident glia, along with the peripheral immune cells, create widespread toxicity to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, somas, and synapses. As much as the synchronized responses of astrocytes and microglia to glaucoma-related stress or neuron injury, their bi-directional interactions are critical to build and amplify neuroinflammation and to dictate the neurodegenerative outcome. Although distinct molecular programs regulate somatic and axonal degeneration in glaucoma, inhibition of neurodegenerative inflammation can provide a broadly beneficial treatment strategy to rescue RGC integrity and function. Since inflammatory toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction are converging etiological paths that can boost each other and feed into a vicious cycle, anti-inflammatory treatments may also offer a multi-target potential. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on neuroinflammation in glaucoma with particular emphasis on the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors involved in the reciprocal regulation of glial responses, the interdependence between inflammatory and mitochondrial routes of neurodegeneration, and the research aspects inspiring for prospective immunomodulatory treatments. With the advent of powerful technologies, ongoing research on molecular and functional characteristics of glial responses is expected to accumulate more comprehensive and complementary information and to rapidly move the field forward to safe and effective modulation of the glial pro-inflammatory activities, while restoring or augmenting the glial immune-regulatory and neurosupport functions.
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Sirt5-mediated desuccinylation of OPTN protects retinal ganglion cells from autophagic flux blockade in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:63. [PMID: 35165261 PMCID: PMC8844082 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinal neurodegeneration develops early in the course of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and our previous research showed that succinate accumulation results in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) dysfunction in the retinas of rats with DR. Succinate can enhance lysine succinylation, but the succinylation of DR is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of the succinylome in DR and identified the key factor in this process. TMT labeling and LC–MS/MS analysis were combined to quantify the differentially succinylated proteins between vitreous humor (VH) samples from DR and non-DR patients. A total of 74 sites in 35 proteins were differentially succinylated between DR and non-DR vitreous humor samples, among which succinylation of the K108 site of optineurin (OPTN K108su) in the defense response was enriched by GO analysis based on the biological process category. Then, using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model, R28 cells and primary rat RGCs (rRGCs), we demonstrated that OPTN underwent lysine succinylation in the retinas of rats with DR and that OPTN K108su mediated autophagic flux blockade under high-glucose (HG) conditions. Sirt5 can desuccinylate OPTN K108su, thus protecting RGCs function from high glucose-induced RGCs autophagic flux blockade in the diabetic retina. Overall, desuccinylation of OPTN is an essential adaptive mechanism for ameliorating autophagic flux blockade in RGCs under DR conditions, and targeting the Sirt5-desuccK108-OPTN axis may thus open an avenue for therapeutic intervention in RCGs dysfunction. ![]()
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15
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Li P, Ma Y, Yu C, Wu S, Wang K, Yi H, Liang W. Autophagy and Aging: Roles in Skeletal Muscle, Eye, Brain and Hepatic Tissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752962. [PMID: 34778264 PMCID: PMC8581214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved degradative process contributing to cytoplasm quality control, metabolic recycling and cell defense. Aging is a universal phenomenon characterized by the progressive accumulation of impaired molecular and reduced turnover of cellular components. Recent evidence suggests a unique role for autophagy in aging and age-related disease. Indeed, autophagic activity declines with age and enhanced autophagy may prevent the progression of many age-related diseases and prolong life span. All tissues experience changes during aging, while the role of autophagy in different tissues varies. This review summarizes the links between autophagy and aging in the whole organism and discusses the physiological and pathological roles of autophagy in the aging process in tissues such as skeletal muscle, eye, brain, and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzheng Ma
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chengwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shoutong Wu
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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16
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Zangouei AS, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of cisplatin resistance in gastric tumor cells. Genes Environ 2021; 43:21. [PMID: 34099061 PMCID: PMC8182944 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined chemotherapeutic treatment is the method of choice for advanced and metastatic gastric tumors. However, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the main challenges for the efficient gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Cisplatin (CDDP) is used as an important regimen of chemotherapy for GC which induces cytotoxicity by interfering with DNA replication in cancer cells and inducing their apoptosis. Majority of patients experience cisplatin-resistance which is correlated with tumor metastasis and relapse. Moreover, prolonged and high-dose cisplatin administrations cause serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and anemia. Since, there is a high rate of recurrence after CDDP treatment in GC patients; it is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms associated with CDDP resistance to introduce novel therapeutic methods. There are various cell and molecular processes associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) including drug efflux, detoxification, DNA repair ability, apoptosis alteration, signaling pathways, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs involved in chemo resistance of GC cells through regulation of all of the MDR mechanisms. In present review we have summarized all of the miRNAs associated with cisplatin resistance based on their target genes and molecular mechanisms in gastric tumor cells. This review paves the way of introducing a miRNA-based panel of prognostic markers to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and clinical outcomes in GC patients. It was observed that miRNAs are mainly involved in cisplatin response of gastric tumor cells via regulation of signaling pathways, autophagy, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Sayyad Z, Vishwakarma S, Dave TV, Naik MN, Radha V, Kaur I, Swarup G. Human primary retinal cells as an in-vitro model for investigating defective signalling caused by OPTN mutants associated with glaucoma. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105075. [PMID: 34023378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies carried out on the pathogenesis of glaucoma using murine cell lines and animal models require to be validated in human cells. Therefore, we explored the possibility of using human primary retinal cells (hPRCs) in culture as a model for molecular studies and testing of potential therapeutic drugs. For this purpose, central retinal tissue, obtained from the enucleated eyes of patients with anterior staphyloma, was digested with trypsin and grown in a medium containing supplements (basic fibroblast growth factor and fetal bovine serum). hPRCs at passage 1 and 2, show expression of either GFAP, a glial cell marker, or β-III tubulin, a retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-specific marker. But at passages 3-5 nearly all of hPRCs express several RGC-specific markers (Brn3 proteins, Thy-1, β-III tubulin, RBPMS and NeuN) but not GFAP. Expression of these markers indicated that these cells may have functional properties of RGCs. As RGCs are sensitive to glaucoma-associated mutants of OPTN, we analysed the survival of hPRCs upon overexpression of OPTN mutants. Glaucoma-associated mutants, E50K-OPTN and M98K-OPTN, induced significantly higher cell death in hPRCs compared to WT-OPTN, whereas an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant, E478G-OPTN, did not. TBK1 inhibitor Amlexanox protected hPRCs from E50K-OPTN and M98K-OPTN induced cell death. M98K-OPTN induced cell death was suppressed by inhibitors of CaMKKβ and AMPK in hPRCs as well as in 661W, a mouse cell line that expresses several markers of RGCs and RGC precursor cells. Our results suggest that hPRCs under appropriate culture condition show RGC-like properties. These cells can be used to explore the molecular mechanisms of cell death relevant for glaucoma pathogenesis and for testing of cytoprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuberwasim Sayyad
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sushma Vishwakarma
- Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tarjani Vivek Dave
- Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Milind N Naik
- Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vegesna Radha
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Ghanshyam Swarup
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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18
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Xiong Q, Li X, Li W, Chen G, Xiao H, Li P, Wu C. WDR45 Mutation Impairs the Autophagic Degradation of Transferrin Receptor and Promotes Ferroptosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:645831. [PMID: 34012978 PMCID: PMC8126626 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.645831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WDR45 is an autophagy-related protein that involves in the formation of autophagosome. Mutations in WDR45 lead to the impairment of autophagy which is associated with the human β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). However, the relationship between autophagy and brain iron accumulation in patients with BPAN remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that transferrin receptor (TfRC) which is critical for the iron import of cells was degraded via autophagy. TfRC was accumulated after the inhibition of autophagy by treatment with autophagic inhibitor chloroquine or knockdown of ATG2A. The intracellular iron content was increased in cells overexpressing TfRC or mutant WDR45, however, ferritin H (FTH) chain was decreased. Increased TfRC and simultaneously decreased FTH consequently resulted in an elevated level of ferrous iron (Fe2+) which further promoted cell ferroptosis, demonstrated by the increased lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and cell viability. Taken together, these findings provide a piece of important evidence that WDR45 deficiency impairs autophagic degradation of TfRC, therefore leading to iron accumulation, and the elevated iron promotes ferroptosis which may contribute to the progression of BPAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Xiong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guangxin Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Sripada A, Sirohi K, Michalec L, Guo L, McKay JT, Yadav S, Verma M, Good J, Rollins D, Gorska MM, Alam R. Sprouty2 positively regulates T cell function and airway inflammation through regulation of CSK and LCK kinases. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001063. [PMID: 33684096 PMCID: PMC7971865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of Sprouty2 (Spry2) in T cells is unknown. Using 2 different (inducible and T cell-targeted) knockout mouse strains, we found that Spry2 positively regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling by modulating the activity of LCK. Spry2-/- CD4+ T cells were unable to activate LCK, proliferate, differentiate into T helper cells, or produce cytokines. Spry2 deficiency abrogated type 2 inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in a murine model of asthma. Spry2 expression was higher in blood and airway CD4+ T cells from patients with asthma, and Spry2 knockdown impaired human T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Spry2 deficiency up-regulated the lipid raft protein caveolin-1, enhanced its interaction with CSK, and increased CSK interaction with LCK, culminating in augmented inhibitory phosphorylation of LCK. Knockdown of CSK or dislodgment of caveolin-1-bound CSK restored ERK1/2 activation in Spry2-/- T cells, suggesting an essential role for Spry2 in LCK activation and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Sripada
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kapil Sirohi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lidia Michalec
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lei Guo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jerome T McKay
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sangya Yadav
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James Good
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Donald Rollins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Magdalena M Gorska
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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20
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Huang Y, Tian Y, Zhang W, Liu R, Zhang W. Rab12 Promotes Radioresistance of HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells by Increasing G2/M Arrest. Front Oncol 2021; 11:586771. [PMID: 33718142 PMCID: PMC7947205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.586771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HPV-positive (HPV+) cervical cancer cells are more radioresistant compared with HPV-negative (HPV-) cervical cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism is not fully illuminated. Our previous mass spectrometry data showed that Ras-associated binding protein Rab12 was up-regulated by HPV, and this study is to investigate the role of Rab12 in the radioresistance of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. Methods CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot were performed to determine cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and protein expressions. DNA damage and repair levels were measured by comet assays and detection of γ-H2AX, XRCC4, and pBRCA1 protein expressions. Results Rab12 mRNA and protein expressions were up-regulated in cervical cancer tissues and HPV+ cervical cancer cells. Knockdown of Rab12 enhanced radiosensitivity while overexpression of Rab12 promotes radioresistance. Knockdown of Rab12 alleviated G2/M arrest by decreasing p-Cdc2(Tyr15) after radiation, which was a result of the reduction of p-Cdc25C(Ser216). Rab12 knockdown caused more DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inhibited DNA homologous recombination repair (HRR) after radiation. Instead, overexpression of Rab12 enhanced radioresistance by increasing G2/M arrest, which provided more time for DNA HRR. Conclusions Rab12 may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve clinical treatment outcome of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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21
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Medchalmi S, Tare P, Sayyad Z, Swarup G. A glaucoma- and ALS-associated mutant of OPTN induces neuronal cell death dependent on Tbk1 activity, autophagy and ER stress. FEBS J 2021; 288:4576-4595. [PMID: 33548116 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in OPTN are associated with glaucoma, an eye disease, and also with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a motor neuron disease. A 2-bp insertion in OPTN (691_692insAG or 2bpIns-OPTN) is associated with both glaucoma and ALS. This mutation results in frame shift after 127 amino acids, giving rise to a protein with C-terminal aberrant sequence. We have explored the mechanism of induction of cell death by this mutant in a motor neuron cell line, NSC-34, and also in a retinal cell line, 661W. Compared to wild-type OPTN, this mutant induced more cell death in NSC-34 and 661W cells. This mutant localizes predominantly in the nucleus whereas normal OPTN localizes in the cytoplasm. Deletion analysis of 2bpIns-OPTN showed that the aberrant sequence was not essential for cell death induction. This mutant interacts with TANK-binding kinase 1 (Tbk1) but not with OPTN and activates Tbk1. This mutant induced ER stress in NSC-34 cells as seen by induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and some other genes. Induction of CHOP, autophagosomal protein LC3-II and cell death by this mutant were abrogated by Tbk1 knockdown and also by 4-phenylbutyric acid, that inhibits ER stress. Induction of CHOP and cell death by 2bpIns-OPTN was autophagy dependent as shown by the effect of Atg5 knockdown. This mutant caused increased formation of LC3-positive aggregates. Treatment of cells with autophagy inducer rapamycin reduced LC3-positive aggregates, CHOP and cell death induced by 2bpIns-OPTN. These results suggest that constitutive activation of Tbk1 by 2bpIns-OPTN leads to impaired autophagy that results in ER stress and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Medchalmi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Priyanka Tare
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ghanshyam Swarup
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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22
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Kim G, Gautier O, Tassoni-Tsuchida E, Ma XR, Gitler AD. ALS Genetics: Gains, Losses, and Implications for Future Therapies. Neuron 2020; 108:822-842. [PMID: 32931756 PMCID: PMC7736125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of motor neurons from the brain and spinal cord. The ALS community has made remarkable strides over three decades by identifying novel familial mutations, generating animal models, elucidating molecular mechanisms, and ultimately developing promising new therapeutic approaches. Some of these approaches reduce the expression of mutant genes and are in human clinical trials, highlighting the need to carefully consider the normal functions of these genes and potential contribution of gene loss-of-function to ALS. Here, we highlight known loss-of-function mechanisms underlying ALS, potential consequences of lowering levels of gene products, and the need to consider both gain and loss of function to develop safe and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olivia Gautier
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eduardo Tassoni-Tsuchida
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - X Rosa Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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23
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Moazzeni H, Khani M, Elahi E. Insights into the regulatory molecules involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:782-827. [PMID: 32935930 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an important cause of irreversible blindness, characterized by optic nerve anomalies. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and aging are major risk factors. Retinal ganglion cells and trabecular meshwork cells are certainly involved in the etiology of glaucoma. Glaucoma is usually a complex disease, and various genes and functions may contribute to its etiology. Among these may be genes that encode regulatory molecules. In this review, regulatory molecules including 18 transcription factors (TFs), 195 microRNAs (miRNAs), 106 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and two circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are reasonable candidates for having roles in glaucoma pathogenesis are described. The targets of the regulators are reported. Glaucoma-related features including apoptosis, stress responses, immune functions, ECM properties, IOP, and eye development are affected by the targeted genes. The targeted genes that are frequently targeted by multiple regulators most often affect apoptosis and the related features of cell death and cell survival. BCL2, CDKN1A, and TP53 are among the frequent targets of three types of glaucoma-relevant regulators, TFs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. TP53 was itself identified as a glaucoma-relevant TF. Several of the glaucoma-relevant TFs are themselves among frequent targets of regulatory molecules, which is consistent with existence of a complex network involved in glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Moazzeni
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Khani
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Picard E, Daruich A, Youale J, Courtois Y, Behar-Cohen F. From Rust to Quantum Biology: The Role of Iron in Retina Physiopathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030705. [PMID: 32183063 PMCID: PMC7140613 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for cell survival and function. It is a transition metal, that could change its oxidation state from Fe2+ to Fe3+ involving an electron transfer, the key of vital functions but also organ dysfunctions. The goal of this review is to illustrate the primordial role of iron and local iron homeostasis in retinal physiology and vision, as well as the pathological consequences of iron excess in animal models of retinal degeneration and in human retinal diseases. We summarize evidence of the potential therapeutic effect of iron chelation in retinal diseases and especially the interest of transferrin, a ubiquitous endogenous iron-binding protein, having the ability to treat or delay degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Picard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +331-44-27-81-82
| | - Alejandra Daruich
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jenny Youale
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
| | - Yves Courtois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
- Ophtalmopole, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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Autophagy and Age-Related Eye Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5763658. [PMID: 31950044 PMCID: PMC6948295 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5763658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a catabolic process that depends on the lysosome. It is usually used to maintain cellular homeostasis, survival and development by degrading abnormal substances and dysfunctional organelles, especially when the cell is exposed to starvation or other stresses. Increasing studies have reported that autophagy is associated with various eye diseases, of which aging is one of the important factors. Objective To summarize the functional and regulatory role of autophagy in ocular diseases with aging, and discuss the possibility of autophagy-targeted therapy in age-related diseases. Methods PubMed searches were performed to identify relevant articles published mostly in the last 5 years. The key words were used to retrieve including “autophagy”, “aging”, “oxidative stress AND autophagy”, “dry eye AND autophagy”, “corneal disease AND autophagy”, “glaucoma AND autophagy”, “cataract AND autophagy”, “AMD AND autophagy”, “cardiovascular diseases AND autophagy”, “diabetes AND autophagy”. After being classified and assessed, the most relevant full texts in English were chosen. Results Apart from review articles, more than two research articles for each age-related eye diseases related to autophagy were retrieved. We only included the most relevant and recent studies for summary and discussion. Conclusion Autophagy has both protective and detrimental effects on the progress of age-related eye diseases. Different types of studies based on certain situations in vitro showed distinct results, which do not necessarily coincide with the actual situation in human bodies completely. It means the exact role and regulatory function of autophagy in ocular diseases remains largely unknown. Although autophagy as a potential therapeutic target has been proposed, many problems still need to be solved before it applies to clinical practice.
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Wang R, Zhang H, Li L, Yue F, Jiang Y, Li S, Liu R. Prenatal detection of interstitial 18p11.31-p11.22 microduplications: Phenotypic diversity and literature review. Prenat Diagn 2019; 39:1120-1126. [PMID: 31461790 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pure duplication of chromosome 18p is rare, with clinical phenotypes ranging from normal or slight abnormalities to various degrees of mental retardation. It remains difficult to establish a clear genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS Chromosomal karyotyping analysis was performed on cultured amniotic fluid cells from three cases. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis was carried out using the Illumina Human CytoSNP-12 BeadChip. We also carried out a review of the literature regarding 18p11 microduplication. RESULTS G-banding analysis showed that the three cases had normal karyotypes. SNP array results showed 0.48- to 1.6-Mb microduplications of 18p11.31-p11.22 (chr18: 6995739-8713088) in these cases, encompassing different degrees of LAMA1 duplication. Follow-up analysis showed that the parents of both cases 1 and 2 chose termination of pregnancy. Case 3 presented with normal growth and physical development. Currently, there is not enough evidence supporting the pathogenicity of LAMA1 triplosensitivity. CONCLUSION We described three prenatal cases with 18p11.31-p11.22 microduplications involving part of the LAMA1 locus. There might be phenotypic diversity associated with 18p11.31-p11.22 microduplications. To avoid unnecessary abortions for pregnancies such as these, comprehensive genetic counseling should be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fagui Yue
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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27
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Sano H, Namekata K, Kimura A, Shitara H, Guo X, Harada C, Mitamura Y, Harada T. Differential effects of N-acetylcysteine on retinal degeneration in two mouse models of normal tension glaucoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:75. [PMID: 30692515 PMCID: PMC6349904 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely used as a mucolytic agent and as an antidote to paracetamol overdose. NAC serves as a precursor of cysteine and stimulates the synthesis of glutathione in neural cells. Suppressing oxidative stress in the retina may be an effective therapeutic strategy for glaucoma, a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerves. Here we examined the therapeutic potential of NAC in two mouse models of normal tension glaucoma, in which excitatory amino-acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) or glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) gene was deleted. EAAC1 is expressed in retinal neurons including RGCs, whereas GLAST is mainly expressed in Müller glial cells. Intraperitoneal administration of NAC prevented RGC degeneration and visual impairment in EAAC1-deficient (knockout; KO) mice, but not in GLAST KO mice. In EAAC1 KO mice, oxidative stress and autophagy were suppressed with increased glutathione levels by NAC treatment. Our findings suggest a possibility that systemic administration of NAC may be available for some types of glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sano
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shitara
- Laboratory for Transgenic Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mitamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Identification of a splice variant of optineurin which is defective in autophagy and phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1526-1538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Bialik S, Dasari SK, Kimchi A. Autophagy-dependent cell death – where, how and why a cell eats itself to death. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/18/jcs215152. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Autophagy as a means of cell killing was first advanced by Clark's phenotypic description of ‘Type II autophagic cell death’ in 1990. However, this phenomenon later came into question, because the presence of autophagosomes in dying cells does not necessarily signify that autophagy is the cause of demise, but rather may reflect the efforts of the cell to prevent it. Resolution of this issue comes from a more careful definition of autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD) as a regulated cell death that is shown experimentally to require different components of the autophagy machinery without involvement of alternative cell death pathways. Following these strict criteria, ADCD has been validated in both lower model organisms and mammalian cells, highlighting its importance for developmental and pathophysiological cell death. Recently, researchers have defined additional morphological criteria that characterize ADCD and begun to explore how the established, well-studied autophagy pathway is subverted from a survival to a death function. This Review explores validated models of ADCD and focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms by which autophagy can kill a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Bialik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Santosh K. Dasari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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30
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Weil R, Laplantine E, Curic S, Génin P. Role of Optineurin in the Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Potential Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1243. [PMID: 29971063 PMCID: PMC6018216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optineurin (Optn) is a 577 aa protein encoded by the Optn gene. Mutations of Optn are associated with normal tension glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and its gene has also been linked to the development of Paget’s disease of bone and Crohn’s disease. Optn is involved in diverse cellular functions, including NF-κB regulation, membrane trafficking, exocytosis, vesicle transport, reorganization of actin and microtubules, cell cycle control, and autophagy. Besides its role in xenophagy and autophagy of aggregates, Optn has been identified as a primary autophagy receptor, among the five adaptors that translocate to mitochondria during mitophagy. Mitophagy is a selective macroautophagy process during which irreparable mitochondria are degraded, preventing accumulation of defective mitochondria and limiting the release of reactive oxygen species and proapoptotic factors. Mitochondrial quality control via mitophagy is central to the health of cells. One of the important surveillance pathways of mitochondrial health is the recently defined signal transduction pathway involving the mitochondrial PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) protein and the cytosolic RING-between-RING ubiquitin ligase Parkin. Both of these proteins, when mutated, have been identified in certain forms of Parkinson’s disease. By targeting ubiquitinated mitochondria to autophagosomes through its association with autophagy related proteins, Optn is responsible for a critical step in mitophagy. This review reports recent discoveries on the role of Optn in mitophagy and provides insight into its link with neurodegenerative diseases. We will also discuss the involvement of Optn in other pathologies in which mitophagy dysfunctions are involved including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weil
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Shannel Curic
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Génin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
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Swarup G, Sayyad Z. Altered Functions and Interactions of Glaucoma-Associated Mutants of Optineurin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1287. [PMID: 29951055 PMCID: PMC6008547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optineurin (OPTN) is an adaptor protein that is involved in mediating a variety of cellular processes such as signaling, vesicle trafficking, and autophagy. Certain mutations in OPTN (gene OPTN) are associated with primary open angle glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal motor neuron disease. Glaucoma-associated mutations of OPTN are mostly missense mutations. OPTN mediates its functions by interacting with various proteins and altered interactions of OPTN mutants with various proteins primarily contribute to functional defects. It interacts with Rab8, myosin VI, Huntigtin, TBC1D17, and transferrin receptor to mediate various membrane vesicle trafficking pathways. It is an autophagy receptor that mediates cargo-selective as well as non-selective autophagy. Glaucoma-associated mutants of OPTN, E50K, and M98K, cause defective vesicle trafficking, autophagy, and signaling that contribute to death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Transgenic mice expressing E50K-OPTN show loss of RGCs and persistent reactive gliosis. TBK1 protein kinase, which mediates E50K-OPTN and M98K-OPTN induced cell death, is emerging as a potential drug target. Autoimmunity has been implicated in glaucoma but involvement of OPTN or its mutants in autoimmnity has not been explored. In this review, we highlight the main functions of OPTN and how glaucoma-associated mutants alter these functions. We also discuss some of the controversies, such as the role of OPTN in signaling to transcription factor NF-κB, interferon signaling, and use of RGC-5 cell line as a cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Swarup
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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32
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Toth RP, Atkin JD. Dysfunction of Optineurin in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Glaucoma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1017. [PMID: 29875767 PMCID: PMC5974248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia, and glaucoma, affect millions of people worldwide. ALS is caused by the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and brain, and genetic mutations are responsible for 10% of all ALS cases. Glaucoma is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells and is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Interestingly, mutations in OPTN, encoding optineurin, are associated with both ALS and glaucoma. Optineurin is a highly abundant protein involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including the inflammatory response, autophagy, Golgi maintenance, and vesicular transport. In this review, we summarize the role of optineurin in cellular mechanisms implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including neuroinflammation, autophagy, and vesicular trafficking, focusing in particular on the consequences of expression of mutations associated with ALS and glaucoma. This review, therefore showcases the impact of optineurin dysfunction in ALS and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka P Toth
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ryan TA, Tumbarello DA. Optineurin: A Coordinator of Membrane-Associated Cargo Trafficking and Autophagy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1024. [PMID: 29867991 PMCID: PMC5962687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optineurin is a multifunctional adaptor protein intimately involved in various vesicular trafficking pathways. Through interactions with an array of proteins, such as myosin VI, huntingtin, Rab8, and Tank-binding kinase 1, as well as via its oligomerisation, optineurin has the ability to act as an adaptor, scaffold, or signal regulator to coordinate many cellular processes associated with the trafficking of membrane-delivered cargo. Due to its diverse interactions and its distinct functions, optineurin is an essential component in a number of homeostatic pathways, such as protein trafficking and organelle maintenance. Through the binding of polyubiquitinated cargoes via its ubiquitin-binding domain, optineurin also serves as a selective autophagic receptor for the removal of a wide range of substrates. Alternatively, it can act in an ubiquitin-independent manner to mediate the clearance of protein aggregates. Regarding its disease associations, mutations in the optineurin gene are associated with glaucoma and have more recently been found to correlate with Paget’s disease of bone and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Indeed, ALS-associated mutations in optineurin result in defects in neuronal vesicular localisation, autophagosome–lysosome fusion, and secretory pathway function. More recent molecular and functional analysis has shown that it also plays a role in mitophagy, thus linking it to a number of other neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson’s. Here, we review the role of optineurin in intracellular membrane trafficking, with a focus on autophagy, and describe how upstream signalling cascades are critical to its regulation. Current data and contradicting reports would suggest that optineurin is an important and selective autophagy receptor under specific conditions, whereby interplay, synergy, and functional redundancy with other receptors occurs. We will also discuss how dysfunction in optineurin-mediated pathways may lead to perturbation of critical cellular processes, which can drive the pathologies of number of diseases. Therefore, further understanding of optineurin function, its target specificity, and its mechanism of action will be critical in fully delineating its role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Ryan
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David A Tumbarello
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Sheehan P, Yue Z. Deregulation of autophagy and vesicle trafficking in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 697:59-65. [PMID: 29627340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized pathologically by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the intracellular accumulation of α-synuclein in the Lewy bodies. While the pathogenic mechanisms of PD are poorly understood, many lines of evidence point to a role of altered autophagy and membrane trafficking in the development of the disease. Emerging studies show that connections between the deregulation of autophagy and synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking may contribute to PD. Here we review the evidence that many PD related-genes have roles in both autophagy and SV trafficking and examine how deregulation of these pathways contributes to PD pathogenesis. This review also discusses recent studies aimed at uncovering the role of PD-linked genes in autophagy-lysosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sheehan
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA.
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Lv LX, Zhou ZX, Zhou Z, Zhang LJ, Yan R, Zhao Z, Yang LY, Bian XY, Jiang HY, Li YD, Sun YS, Xu QQ, Hu GL, Guan WJ, Li YQ. Hispidin induces autophagic and necrotic death in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells through lysosomal membrane permeabilization by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26992-27006. [PMID: 28460485 PMCID: PMC5432313 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hispidin and its derivatives are widely distributed in edible mushrooms. Hispidin is more cytotoxic to A549, SCL-1, Bel7402 and Capan-1 cancer cells than to MRC5 normal cells; by contrast, hispidin protects H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Consequently, further research on how hispidin affects normal and cancer cells may help treat cancer and reduce chemotherapy-induced side effects. This study showed that hispidin caused caspase-independent death in SGC-7901 cancer cells but not in GES-1 normal cells. Hispidin-induced increases in LC3-II occurred in SGC-7901 cells in a time independent manner. Cell death can be partially inhibited by treatment with ATG5 siRNA but not by autophagy or necroptosis inhibitors. Ultrastructural evidence indicated that hispidin-induced necrotic cell death involved autophagy. Hispidin-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) related to complex cell death occurred more drastically in SGC-7901 cells than in GES-1 cells. Ca2+ rather than cathepsins from LMP contributed more to cell death. Hispidin induced microtubule depolymerization, which can cause LMP, more drastically in SGC-7901 cells than in GES-1 cells. At 4.1 μM, hispidin promoted cell-free tubulin polymerization but at concentrations higher than 41 μM, hispidin inhibited polymerization. Hispidin did not bind to tubulin. Alterations in microtubule regulatory proteins, such as stathmin phosphorylation at Ser16, contributed to hispidin-induced SGC-7901 cell death. In conclusion, hispidin at concentrations higher than 41 μM may inhibit tubulin polymerization by modulating microtubule regulatory proteins, such as stathmin, causing LMP and complex SGC-7901 cell death. This mechanism suggests a promising novel treatment for human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Xian Lv
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jiang Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Dong Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Qin Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Li Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Guan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Quan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
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Chronic treatment with fluoride affects the jejunum: insights from proteomics and enteric innervation analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3180. [PMID: 29453425 PMCID: PMC5816638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are the first signs of fluoride (F) toxicity. In the present study, the jejunum of rats chronically exposed to F was evaluated by proteomics, as well as by morphological analysis. Wistar rats received water containing 0, 10 or 50 mgF/L during 30 days. HuC/D, neuronal Nitric Oxide (nNOS), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP), and Substance P (SP) were detected in the myenteric plexus of the jejunum by immunofluorescence. The density of nNOS-IR neurons was significantly decreased (compared to both control and 10 mgF/L groups), while the VIP-IR varicosities were significantly increased (compared to control) in the group treated with the highest F concentration. Significant morphological changes were seen observed in the density of HUC/D-IR neurons and in the area of SP-IR varicosities for F-treated groups compared to control. Changes in the abundance of various proteins correlated with relevant biological processes, such as protein synthesis, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism were revealed by proteomics.
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Sayyad Z, Sirohi K, Radha V, Swarup G. 661W is a retinal ganglion precursor-like cell line in which glaucoma-associated optineurin mutants induce cell death selectively. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16855. [PMID: 29203899 PMCID: PMC5715133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A photoreceptor cell line, 661W, derived from a mouse retinal tumor that expresses several markers of cone photoreceptor cells has been described earlier. However, these cells can be differentiated into neuronal cells. Here, we report that this cell line expressed certain markers specific to retinal ganglion cells such as Rbpms, Brn3b (Pou4f2), Brn3c (Pou4f3), Thy1 and γ-synuclein (Sncg), and some other markers of neuronal cells (beta-III tubulin, NeuN and MAP2). These cells also expressed Opn1mw, a cone-specific marker and nestin, a marker for neural precursor cells. Two glaucoma-associated mutants of OPTN, E50K and M98K, but not an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant, E478G, induced cell death selectively in 661W cells. However, in a motor neuron cell line, NSC34, E478G mutant of OPTN but not E50K and M98K induced cell death. We conclude that 661W is a retinal ganglion precursor-like cell line, which shows properties of both retinal ganglion and photoreceptor cells. We suggest that these cells could be utilized for exploring the mechanisms of cell death induction and cytoprotection relevant for glaucoma pathogenesis. RGC-5 cell line which probably arose from 661W cells showed expression of essentially the same markers of retinal ganglion cells and neuronal cells as seen in 661W cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuberwasim Sayyad
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Kapil Sirohi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Department of medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, 80206, Colorado, USA
| | - Vegesna Radha
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - Ghanshyam Swarup
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Li B, Wang W, Li Z, Chen Z, Zhi X, Xu J, Li Q, Wang L, Huang X, Wang L, Wei S, Sun G, Zhang X, He Z, Zhang L, Zhang D, Xu H, El-Rifai W, Xu Z. MicroRNA-148a-3p enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity in gastric cancer through mitochondrial fission induction and cyto-protective autophagy suppression. Cancer Lett 2017; 410:212-227. [PMID: 28965855 PMCID: PMC5675767 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is a major clinical problem associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients. In this study, we performed integrated analysis of TCGA data from microRNAs (miRNAs) expression matrix of GC patients who received CDDP-based chemotherapy with GEO dataset which contains differential miRNAs expression profiles in CDDP-resistant and -sensitive cell lines. We identified miR-148a-3p downregulation as a key step involved in CDDP resistance. Using a cohort consisting 105 GC patients who received CDDP-based therapy, we found that miR-148a-3p downregulation was associated with a decrease in patients' disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.0077). A series of experiment data demonstrated that: 1) miR-148a-3p was downregulated in CDDP-resistant GC cell lines; 2) miR-148a-3p reconstitution sensitized CDDP-resistant cells to CDDP treatment through promoting mitochondrial fission and decreasing AKAP1 expression level; 3) AKAP1 played a novel role in CDDP resistance by inhibiting P53-mediated DRP1 dephosphorylation; 4) miR-148a-3p reconstitution in CDDP-resistant cells inhibits the cyto-protective autophagy by suppressing RAB12 expression and mTOR1 activation. Taken together, our study demonstrates that miR-148a-3p could be a promising prognostic marker or therapeutic candidate for overcoming CDDP resistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA.
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China.
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Bansal M, Moharir SC, Sailasree SP, Sirohi K, Sudhakar C, Sarathi DP, Lakshmi BJ, Buono M, Kumar S, Swarup G. Optineurin promotes autophagosome formation by recruiting the autophagy-related Atg12-5-16L1 complex to phagophores containing the Wipi2 protein. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:132-147. [PMID: 29133525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.801944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a quality-control mechanism that helps to maintain cellular homeostasis by removing damaged proteins and organelles through lysosomal degradation. During autophagy, signaling events lead to the formation of a cup-shaped structure called the phagophore that matures into the autophagosome. Recruitment of the autophagy-associated Atg12-5-16L1 complex to Wipi2-positive phagophores is crucial for producing microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), which is required for autophagosome formation. Here, we explored the role of the autophagy receptor optineurin (Optn) in autophagosome formation. Fibroblasts from Optn knock-out mouse showed reduced LC3-II formation and a lower number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes during both basal and starvation-induced autophagy. However, the number of Wipi2-positive phagophores was not decreased in Optn-deficient cells. We also found that the number of Atg12/16L1-positive puncta and recruitment of the Atg12-5-16L1 complex to Wipi2-positive puncta are reduced in Optn-deficient cells. Of note, Optn was recruited to Atg12-5-16L1-positive puncta, and interacted with Atg5 and also with Atg12-5 conjugate. A disease-associated Optn mutant, E478G, defective in ubiquitin binding, was also defective in autophagosome formation and recruitment to the Atg12-5-16L1-positive puncta. Moreover, we noted that Optn phosphorylation at Ser-177 was required for autophagosome formation but not for Optn recruitment to the phagophore. These results suggest that Optn potentiates LC3-II production and maturation of the phagophore into the autophagosome, by facilitating the recruitment of the Atg12-5-16L1 complex to Wipi2-positive phagophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Bansal
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Shivranjani C Moharir
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - S Purnima Sailasree
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Kapil Sirohi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Cherukuri Sudhakar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - D Partha Sarathi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - B Jyothi Lakshmi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Mario Buono
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Satish Kumar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Ghanshyam Swarup
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
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Human protein secretory pathway genes are expressed in a tissue-specific pattern to match processing demands of the secretome. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017; 3:22. [PMID: 28845240 PMCID: PMC5562915 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein secretory pathway in eukaryal cells is responsible for delivering functional secretory proteins. The dysfunction of this pathway causes a range of important human diseases from congenital disorders to cancer. Despite the piled-up knowledge on the molecular biology and biochemistry level, the tissue-specific expression of the secretory pathway genes has not been analyzed on the transcriptome level. Based on the recent RNA-sequencing studies, the largest fraction of tissue-specific transcriptome encodes for the secretome (secretory proteins). Here, the question arises that if the expression levels of the secretory pathway genes have a tissue-specific tuning. In this study, we tackled this question by performing a meta-analysis of the recently published transcriptome data on human tissues. As a result, we detected 68 as called “extreme genes” which show an unusual expression pattern in specific gene families of the secretory pathway. We also inspected the potential functional link between detected extreme genes and the corresponding tissues enriched secretome. As a result, the detected extreme genes showed correlation with the enrichment of the nature and number of specific post-translational modifications in each tissue’s secretome. Our findings conciliate both the housekeeping and tissue-specific nature of the protein secretory pathway, which we attribute to a fine-tuned regulation of defined gene families to support the diversity of secreted proteins and their modifications. The secretory pathway, an ubiquitous cellular machinery in human cells, is here shown to have tissue-specific characteristics. A research team led by Prof. Jens Nielsen at the Chalmers University of Technology performed a meta-analysis of the gene expressions of the secretory pathway’ component. They detected that even though most of these components are expressed in all tissues, there exist distinct components with fine-tuned expression. They further evaluated the functional link between the detected tuning and the processes that are demanded to make a set of tissue-specific proteins such as endocrine system hormones or their receptors. These findings open up a new avenue to understand the function of the secretion pathway in human tissues with possible applications for improving production of pharmaceutical proteins and getting more insight into the mechanisms underlying diseases such as diabetes that are connected with the endocrine system.
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Zheng Y, Gao L, Wang D, Zang D. Elevated levels of ferritin in the cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 136:145-150. [PMID: 27804118 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to detect changes in the levels of ferritin heavy chain (FHC), ferritin light chain (FLC), and transferrin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and to analyze the correlations between the levels of these proteins and various clinical parameters. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were obtained from 54 ALS patients and 46 non-inflammatory neurological disease control (non-INDC) patients. CSF and serum FHC, FLC, and transferring levels were measured via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method using a commercial ELISA kit, and the times from onset (durations), ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-r) scores, and disease progression rates (DPRs) were analyzed by registered neurologists. Statistical analysis was performed via Prism software. RESULTS Compared with controls, ALS patients exhibited significantly increased FHC and FLC levels in CSF, which were positively correlated with DPR and negatively correlated with duration. Serum transferrin levels were significantly increased in ALS patients but were not correlated with disease progression. FHC and FLC in CSF rapidly increased as the disease worsened. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the clinical measurement of FHC and FLC in CSF may be beneficial for disease differentiation and evaluating progression in patients with ALS. Compared with levels in serum, the levels of FHC and FLC in CSF might be more reliable for diagnosing and assessing the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zheng
- Department of Neurology; Tianjin First Center Hospital; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - L. Gao
- Department of Neurology; Tianjin First Center Hospital; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - D. Wang
- Department of Neurology; Changchun Center Hospital; Changchun Jilin China
| | - D. Zang
- Department of Neurology; Tianjin First Center Hospital; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
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Rasnitsyn A, Doucette L, Seifi M, Footz T, Raymond V, Walter MA. FOXC1 modulates MYOC secretion through regulation of the exocytic proteins RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2 and SNAP25. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178518. [PMID: 28575017 PMCID: PMC5456087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disease glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Glaucoma is characterized by progressive visual field loss caused by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Both surgical glaucoma treatments and medications are available, however, they only halt glaucoma progression and are unable to reverse damage. Furthermore, many patients do not respond well to treatments. It is therefore important to better understand the mechanisms involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. Patients with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) offer important insight into glaucoma progression. ARS patients are at 50% risk of developing early onset glaucoma and respond poorly to treatments, even when surgical treatments are combined with medications. Mutations in the transcription factor FOXC1 cause ARS. Alterations in FOXC1 levels cause ocular malformations and disrupt stress response in ocular tissues, thereby contributing to glaucoma progression. In this study, using biochemical and molecular techniques, we show that FOXC1 regulates the expression of RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2 and SNAP25, three genes with central roles in both exocytosis and endocytosis, responsible for extracellular trafficking. FOXC1 positively regulates RAB3GAP1 and RAB3GAP2, while either increase or decrease in FOXC1 levels beyond its normal range results in decreased SNAP25. In addition, we found that FOXC1 regulation of RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2 and SNAP25 affects secretion of Myocilin (MYOC), a protein associated with juvenile onset glaucoma and steroid-induced glaucoma. The present work reveals that FOXC1 is an important regulator of exocytosis and establishes a new link between FOXC1 and MYOC-associated glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rasnitsyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lance Doucette
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morteza Seifi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tim Footz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vincent Raymond
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael A. Walter
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The small GTP-binding protein Rab12 plays an important role in the initiation of starvation-induced macroautophagy (autophagy) and is activated by the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor DENND3. However, the molecular mechanism by which DENND3 becomes activated has remained elusive. Xu and McPherson now identify a novel mechanism of DENND3 intramolecular binding that is regulated by the phosphorylation of a single tyrosine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Caplan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870
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44
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Minegishi Y, Nakayama M, Iejima D, Kawase K, Iwata T. Significance of optineurin mutations in glaucoma and other diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 55:149-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Mitochondrial pathogenic mechanism and degradation in optineurin E50K mutation-mediated retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33830. [PMID: 27654856 PMCID: PMC5031982 DOI: 10.1038/srep33830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in optineurin (OPTN) are linked to the pathology of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Emerging evidence indicates that OPTN mutation is involved in accumulation of damaged mitochondria and defective mitophagy. Nevertheless, the role played by an OPTN E50K mutation in the pathogenic mitochondrial mechanism that underlies retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in POAG remains unknown. We show here that E50K expression induces mitochondrial fission-mediated mitochondrial degradation and mitophagy in the axons of the glial lamina of aged E50K−tg mice in vivo. While E50K activates the Bax pathway and oxidative stress, and triggers dynamics alteration-mediated mitochondrial degradation and mitophagy in RGC somas in vitro, it does not affect transport dynamics and fission of mitochondria in RGC axons in vitro. These results strongly suggest that E50K is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in RGC degeneration in synergy with environmental factors such as aging and/or oxidative stress.
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46
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Wang DW, Peng ZJ, Ren GF, Wang GX. The different roles of selective autophagic protein degradation in mammalian cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37098-116. [PMID: 26415220 PMCID: PMC4741918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular pathway for bulk protein degradation and the removal of damaged organelles by lysosomes. Autophagy was previously thought to be unselective; however, studies have increasingly confirmed that autophagy-mediated protein degradation is highly regulated. Abnormal autophagic protein degradation has been associated with multiple human diseases such as cancer, neurological disability and cardiovascular disease; therefore, further elucidation of protein degradation by autophagy may be beneficial for protein-based clinical therapies. Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) can both participate in selective protein degradation in mammalian cells, but the process is quite different in each case. Here, we summarize the various types of macroautophagy and CMA involved in determining protein degradation. For this summary, we divide the autophagic protein degradation pathways into four categories: the post-translational modification dependent and independent CMA pathways and the ubiquitin dependent and independent macroautophagy pathways, and describe how some non-canonical pathways and modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation and arginylation can influence protein degradation by the autophagy lysosome system (ALS). Finally, we comment on why autophagy can serve as either diagnostics or therapeutic targets in different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-ju Peng
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-fang Ren
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-xin Wang
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Slowicka K, Vereecke L, van Loo G. Cellular Functions of Optineurin in Health and Disease. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:621-633. [PMID: 27480243 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Optineurin (OPTN) was initially identified as a regulator of NF-κB and interferon signaling, but attracted most attention because of its association with various human disorders such as glaucoma, Paget disease of bone, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Importantly, OPTN has recently been identified as an autophagy receptor important for the autophagic removal of pathogens, damaged mitochondria, and protein aggregates. This activity is most likely compromised in patients carrying OPTN mutations, and contributes to the observed phenotypes. In this review we summarize recent studies describing the molecular mechanisms by which OPTN controls immunity and autophagy, and discuss these findings in the context of several diseases that have been associated with OPTN (mal)function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Slowicka
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Cellular and Molecular (Patho)Physiology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Cellular and Molecular (Patho)Physiology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Cellular and Molecular (Patho)Physiology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Macular sub-layer thinning and association with pulmonary function tests in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29187. [PMID: 27383525 PMCID: PMC4935870 DOI: 10.1038/srep29187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that may have anterior visual pathway involvement. In this study, we compare the macular structure of patients with ALS to healthy controls, and examine correlations between macular sub-layer thickness measurements and pulmonary function tests and disease duration. ALS patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging to obtain macular cube scans of the right eye. Macular cube OCT data from age-matched healthy subjects were provided by the OCT reading center. Semi-automated retinal segmentation software was used to quantify macular sub-layers. Pulmonary function tests and time since symptom onset were collected retrospectively from the electronic medical records of ALS patients. Macular retinal nerve fiber layer was significantly thinner in ALS patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). Total macular and other sub-layer thicknesses were not reduced in the ALS cohort. Macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness positively correlated with forced vital capacity % predicted and forced expiratory volume in 1 second % predicted (P < 0.05). In conclusion, analysis of OCT measurements supports the involvement of the anterior visual pathway in ALS. Subtle structural thinning in the macular retinal nerve fiber layer correlates with pulmonary function tests.
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Zhu M, Li A, Chen J, Zhang S, Wu J. Effects of optineurin mutants on SH-SY5Y cell survival. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 74:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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50
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Shen WC, Li HY, Chen GC, Chern Y, Tu PH. Mutations in the ubiquitin-binding domain of OPTN/optineurin interfere with autophagy-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins by a dominant-negative mechanism. Autophagy 2016; 11:685-700. [PMID: 25484089 DOI: 10.4161/auto.36098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OPTN (optineurin) is an autophagy receptor and mutations in the OPTN gene result in familial glaucoma (E50K) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (E478G). However, the mechanisms through which mutant OPTN leads to human diseases remain to be characterized. Here, we demonstrated that OPTN colocalized with inclusion bodies (IBs) formed by mutant HTT/huntingtin protein (mHTT) in R6/2 transgenic mice and IBs formed by 81QNmHTT (nuclear form), 109QmHTT (cytoplasmic form) or the truncated form of TARDBP/TDP-43 (TARDBP(ND251)) in Neuro2A cells. This colocalization required the ubiquitin (Ub)-binding domain (UbBD, amino acids 424 to 511) of OPTN. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) OPTN decreased IBs through K63-linked polyubiquitin-mediated autophagy. E50K or 210 to 410Δ (with amino acids 210 to 410 deleted) whose mutation or deletion was outside the UbBD decreased the IBs formed by 109QmHTT or TARDBP(ND251), as was the case with WT OPTN. In contrast, UbBD mutants, including E478G, D474N, UbBDΔ, 411 to 520Δ and 210 to 520Δ, increased accumulation of IBs. UbBD mutants (E478G, UbBDΔ) retained a substantial ability to interact with WT OPTN, and were found to colocalize with polyubiquitinated IBs, which might occur indirectly through their WT partner in a WT-mutant complex. They decreased autophagic flux evidenced by alteration in LC3 level and turnover and in the number of LC3-positive puncta under stresses like starvation or formation of IBs. UbBD mutants exhibited a weakened interaction with MYO6 (myosin VI) and TOM1 (target of myb1 homolog [chicken]), important for autophagosome maturation, in cells or sorted 109QmHtt IBs. Taken together, our data indicated that UbBD mutants acted as dominant-negative traps through the formation of WT-mutant hybrid complexes to compromise the maturation of autophagosomes, which in turn interfered with OPTN-mediated autophagy and clearance of IBs.
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Key Words
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Ab, antibody
- BafA1, bafilomycin A1
- CCD, coiled-coil domain
- Ef, FRET efficiency
- FT, filter-trap assay
- HD, Huntington disease
- IBs, inclusion bodies
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- K48, lysine 48
- K63, lysine 63
- LIR, LC3-interacting region
- MYO6, myosin VI
- OPTN, optineurin
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- TARDBP/TDP-43
- TARDBP/TDP-43, TAR DNA-binding protein
- TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1
- TUBA, alpha tubulin
- UPS, ubiquitin-proteasome system
- Ub, ubiquitin B/C/D
- UbBD, ubiquitin-binding domain
- WB, western blot
- WT, wild type
- autophagy
- dominant-negative
- huntingtin
- mHTT, mutant huntingtin
- optineurin
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chuan Shen
- a Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine; National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica ; Taipei , Taiwan
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