1
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Yurchenco PD, Kulczyk AW. Polymerizing laminins in development, health, and disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107429. [PMID: 38825010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerizing laminins are multi-domain basement membrane (BM) glycoproteins that self-assemble into cell-anchored planar lattices to establish the initial BM scaffold. Nidogens, collagen-IV and proteoglycans then bind to the scaffold at different domain loci to create a mature BM. The LN domains of adjacent laminins bind to each other to form a polymer node, while the LG domains attach to cytoskeletal-anchoring integrins and dystroglycan, as well as to sulfatides and heparan sulfates. The polymer node, the repeating unit of the polymer scaffold, is organized into a near-symmetrical triskelion. The structure, recently solved by cryo-electron microscopy in combination with AlphaFold2 modeling and biochemical studies, reveals how the LN surface residues interact with each other and how mutations cause failures of self-assembly in an emerging group of diseases, the LN-lamininopathies, that include LAMA2-related dystrophy and Pierson syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Yurchenco
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Arkadiusz W Kulczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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2
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O'Connell P. Of LAMA3 and LAMB3: A novel gene therapy for epidermolysis bullosa. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1197-1198. [PMID: 38631349 PMCID: PMC11081916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Lau CH, Rouhani MJ, Maughan EF, Orr JC, Kolluri KK, Pearce DR, Haughey EK, Sutton L, Flatau S, Balboa PL, Bageta ML, O'Callaghan C, Smith CM, Janes SM, Hewitt R, Petrof G, Martinez AE, McGrath JA, Butler CR, Hynds RE. Lentiviral expression of wild-type LAMA3A restores cell adhesion in airway basal cells from children with epidermolysis bullosa. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1497-1509. [PMID: 38429928 PMCID: PMC11081864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is fragile attachment of epithelia due to genetic variants in cell adhesion genes. We describe 16 EB patients treated in the ear, nose, and throat department of a tertiary pediatric hospital linked to the United Kingdom's national EB unit between 1992 and 2023. Patients suffered a high degree of morbidity and mortality from laryngotracheal stenosis. Variants in laminin subunit alpha-3 (LAMA3) were found in 10/15 patients where genotype was available. LAMA3 encodes a subunit of the laminin-332 heterotrimeric extracellular matrix protein complex and is expressed by airway epithelial basal stem cells. We investigated the benefit of restoring wild-type LAMA3 expression in primary EB patient-derived basal cell cultures. EB basal cells demonstrated weak adhesion to cell culture substrates, but could otherwise be expanded similarly to non-EB basal cells. In vitro lentiviral overexpression of LAMA3A in EB basal cells enabled them to differentiate in air-liquid interface cultures, producing cilia with normal ciliary beat frequency. Moreover, transduction restored cell adhesion to levels comparable to a non-EB donor culture. These data provide proof of concept for a combined cell and gene therapy approach to treat airway disease in LAMA3-affected EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hang Lau
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Maral J Rouhani
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK; Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Elizabeth F Maughan
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jessica C Orr
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Krishna K Kolluri
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - David R Pearce
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Haughey
- Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Liam Sutton
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Sam Flatau
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Pablo Lopez Balboa
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Maria Laura Bageta
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Richard Hewitt
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Gabriela Petrof
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Anna E Martinez
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas Street, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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4
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Buruiană A, Gheban BA, Gheban-Roșca IA, Georgiu C, Crișan D, Crișan M. The Tumor Stroma of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Complex Environment That Fuels Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1727. [PMID: 38730679 PMCID: PMC11083853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex assembly of cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, plays a crucial role in driving tumor progression, shaping treatment responses, and influencing metastasis. This narrative review focuses on the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumor stroma, highlighting its key constituents and their dynamic contributions. We examine how significant changes within the cSCC ECM-specifically, alterations in fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, laminins, proteoglycans, and collagens-promote cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The cellular composition of the cSCC TME is also explored, detailing the intricate interplay of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cells, pericytes, adipocytes, and various immune cell populations. These diverse players modulate tumor development, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Finally, we emphasize the TME's potential as a therapeutic target. Emerging strategies discussed in this review include harnessing the immune system (adoptive cell transfer, checkpoint blockade), hindering tumor angiogenesis, disrupting CAF activity, and manipulating ECM components. These approaches underscore the vital role that deciphering TME interactions plays in advancing cSCC therapy. Further research illuminating these complex relationships will uncover new avenues for developing more effective treatments for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Buruiană
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Alexandru Gheban
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana-Andreea Gheban-Roșca
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400129 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Georgiu
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Doința Crișan
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Crișan
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Traks T, Reemann P, Eskla KL, Ottas A, Jagomäe T, Liira R, Ilves L, Jaks V, Raam L, Abram K, Kingo K. High-throughput proteomic analysis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases: Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15079. [PMID: 38654506 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Common characteristics in the pathogenesis of psoriasis (PS) and atopic dermatitis (AD) have been presumed, but only a few studies have clearly supported this. The current aim was to find possible similarities and differences in protein expression patterns between these two major chronic inflammatory skin diseases. High-throughput tandem mass spectrometry proteomic analysis was performed using full thickness skin samples from adult PS patients, AD patients and healthy subjects. We detected a combined total of 3045 proteins in the three study groups. According to principal component analysis, there was significant overlap between the proteomic profiles of PS and AD, and both clearly differed from that of healthy skin. The following validation of selected proteins with western blot analysis showed similar tendencies in expression levels and produced statistically significant results. The expression of periostin (POSTN) was consistently high in AD and very low or undetectable in PS (5% FDR corrected p < 0.001), suggesting POSTN as a potential biomarker to distinguish these diseases. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed higher POSTN expression in AD compared to PS skin. Overall, our findings support the concept that these two chronic skin diseases might share considerably more common mechanisms in pathogenesis than has been suspected thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanel Traks
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Clinical Research Centre, Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paula Reemann
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kattri-Liis Eskla
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aigar Ottas
- Clinical Research Centre, Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Jagomäe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rasmus Liira
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liis Ilves
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liisi Raam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristi Abram
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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6
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Zhou Z, Huang X, Tang X, Chen W, Chen Q, Zhang C, Li Y, Zhao D, Zheng Z, Hu S, Wang J, Kullo IJ, Ding K. Heterozygous nonsense variants in laminin subunit 3α resulting in Ebstein's anomaly. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100227. [PMID: 37635785 PMCID: PMC10450520 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by tricuspid valve downward displacement and is associated with additional cardiac phenotypes such as left ventricle non-compaction. The genetic basis of Ebstein's anomaly has yet to be fully elucidated, although several genes (e.g., NKX2-5, MYH7, TPM1, and FLNA) may contribute to Ebstein's anomaly. Here, in two Ebstein's anomaly families (a three-generation family and a trio), we identified independent heterozygous nonsense variants in laminin subunit 3 α (LAMA3), cosegregated with phenotypes in families with reduced penetrance. Furthermore, knocking out Lama3 in mice revealed that haploinsufficiency of Lama3 led to Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve and an abnormal basement membrane structure. In conclusion, we identified a novel gene-disease association of LAMA3 implicated in Ebstein's anomaly, and the findings extended our understanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in Ebstein's anomaly etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Xumei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Qianlong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Chaohui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Dachun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Jikui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Iftikhar J. Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Keyue Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Malta MD, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP. Extracellular matrix in skin diseases: The road to new therapies. J Adv Res 2023; 51:149-160. [PMID: 36481476 PMCID: PMC10491993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vital structure with a dynamic and complex organization that plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis. In the skin, the ECM is arranged into two types of compartments: interstitial dermal matrix and basement membrane (BM). All evidence in the literature supports the notion that direct dysregulation of the composition, abundance or structure of one of these types of ECM, or indirect modifications in proteins that interact with them is linked to a wide range of human skin pathologies, including hereditary, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. Even though the ECM's key role in these pathologies has been widely documented, its potential as a therapeutic target has been overlooked. AIM OF REVIEW This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in three groups of skin ECM-related diseases - genetic, autoimmune, and neoplastic - and the recent therapeutic progress and opportunities targeting ECM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This article describes the implications of alterations in ECM components and in BM-associated molecules that are determinant for guaranteeing its function in different skin disorders. Also, ongoing clinical trials on ECM-targeted therapies are discussed together with future opportunities that may open new avenues for treating ECM-associated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Malta
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M T Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A P Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.
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8
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Matsunuma M, Kan R, Yamada Y, Hamada K, Kanagawa M, Nomizu M, Kikkawa Y. Chain-specificity of laminin α1-5 LG45 modules in the recognition of carbohydrate-linked receptors and intramolecular binding. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10430. [PMID: 37369727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminins are a family of heterotrimers composed of α-, β-, and γ-chains in the basement membrane. Five α chains contain laminin globular (LG) domain consisting of five tandem modules (LG1-5 modules) at their C-terminus. Each LG45 modules is connected to a compact cloverleaf-shaped structure of LG1-3 through a flexible linker. Although the accumulated studies of the LG45 modules have suggested differences in each α chain regarding the binding of carbohydrate chain and intramolecular interaction, this remains unclear. In this study, to characterize their functions comparatively, we produced recombinant proteins of LG45 modules of human laminin α1-5 chains. Dystroglycan (DG) modified with matriglycan readily bound to the LG45 modules of α1 and α2 chains but not to the other α chains. In contrast, heparin bound to the LG45 modules of the α chains, except for α2. The binding of heparan sulfate/heparin-linked syndecans (SDCs) to LG45 modules was influenced by their core proteins. Furthermore, the α1 and α4LG45 modules bound to SDCs in a pH-dependent manner. A cell adhesion assay showed that HEK293 cells could readily adhere to the LG45 modules of α3-5 chains through a combination of SDCs and integrins. Moreover, α5LG45 modules bound to the E8 fragment, which includes the C-terminus of the laminin coiled-coil (LCC) domain and LG1-3 modules, but α2LG45 modules did not. The results suggested that although α5LG45 modules was fixed within the LG domain, α2LG45 modules was freely placed in the vicinity of LG1-3. Our findings provide information for investigation of the structural and functional diversity of basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Matsunuma
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yamato Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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9
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Kotalevskaya YY, Stepanov VA. Molecular genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:18-27. [PMID: 36923479 PMCID: PMC10009482 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited disorder of skin fragility, caused by mutations in a large number of genes associated with skin integrity and dermal-epidermal adhesion. Skin fragility is manifested by a decrease in resistance to external mechanical influences, the clinical signs of which are the formation of blisters, erosions and wounds on the skin and mucous membranes. EB is a multisystemic disease and characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum with extracutaneous complications in severe types, besides the skin and mucous membranes, with high mortality. More than 30 clinical subtypes have been identified, which are grouped into four main types: simplex EB, junctional EB, dystrophic EB and Kindler syndrome. To date, pathogenic variants in 16 different genes are associated with EB and encode proteins that are part of the skin anchoring structures or are signaling proteins. Genetic mutations cause dysfunction of cellular structures, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of cells, leading to mechanical instability of the skin. The formation of reduced proteins or decrease in their level leads mainly to functional disorders, forming mild or intermediate severe phenotypes. Absent protein expression is a result of null genetic variants and leads to structural abnormalities, causing a severe clinical phenotype. For most of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of EB, certain relationships have been established between the type and position of genetic variant and the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Establishing an accurate diagnosis depends on the correlation of clinical, genealogical and immunohistological data in combination with molecular genetic testing. In general, the study of clinical, genetic and ultrastructural changes in EB has significantly expanded the understanding of the natural history of the disease and supplemented the data on genotype-phenotype correlations, promotes the search and study of epigenetic and non-genetic disease modifier factors, and also allows developing approaches to radical treatment of the disease. New advances of sequencing technologies have made it possible to describe new phenotypes and study their genetic and molecular mechanisms. This article describes the pathogenetic aspects and genes that cause main and rare syndromic subtypes of EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu Kotalevskaya
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia Charitable Foundation "BELA. Butterfly Children", Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Stepanov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Kubanov AA, Chikin VV, Karamova AE, Monchakovskaya ES. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa: genotype-phenotype correlations. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2022. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa most commonly results from mutations in theLAMA3, LAMB3, LAMC2, COL17A1, ITGA6 and ITGB4genes. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by clinical heterogeneity. To date, scientific findings allow to evaluate correlations between the severity of clinical manifestations and genetic defects underlying in the development of the disease. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and RSCI, and keywords including junctional epidermolysis bullosa, laminin 332, collagen XVII, 64 integrin. The review includes description of clinical findings of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, mutation location and types, its impact on protein production and functions. To evaluate the impact of gene mutation on protein functions, this review explores the structure and functions of lamina lucida components, including laminin 332, collagen XVII and 64 integrin, which are frequently associated with the development of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. The correlation between severe types of junctional epidermolysis bullosa and mutations resulting in premature stop codon generation and complete absence of protein expression has been described. Although, genotype-phenotype correlations should be analyzed carefully due to mechanisms which enable to improve protein expression.
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Targeted NGS in Diagnostics of Genodermatosis Characterized by the Epidermolysis Bullosa Symptom Complex in 268 Russian Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214343. [PMID: 36430820 PMCID: PMC9698894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic variants of genes encoding proteins, participating in the formation and functioning of epidermis and dermo-epidermal junctions, create a large variety of clinical phenotypes from: small localized to severe generalized dermatitis, as well as early, or even, prenatal death due to extensive epidermis loss. The diagnostic panel in this study was developed for the purposes of identifying these pathogenic genetic variants in 268 Russian children, who possessed the epidermolysis bullosa symptom complex in a selection of 247 families. This panel included the targeted areas of 33 genes, which are genetic variants that can lead to the development of the phenotype mentioned above. The usage of next generation sequencing allowed the revelation of 192 various altered alleles (of which 109 alleles were novel, i.e., had not been described previously). In addition, it allowed the definition of the genetic variants that are both typical for most of the examined children and for the separate ethnic groups inhabiting modern Russia. We found that the most characteristic mutations for the Dargin and Chechen ethnic groups are the c.3577del deletion in the COL7A1 gene and the c.2488G>A missense mutation in the COL17A1 gene, respectively. In addition, the study of haplotypes of microsatellite markers, which we managed to conduct in the Dargin population, confirmed the presence of the founder effect.
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12
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Walter V, DeGraff DJ, Yamashita H. Characterization of laminin-332 gene expression in molecular subtypes of human bladder cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:311-319. [PMID: 36313206 PMCID: PMC9605936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human bladder cancer (BCa) exhibits morphological and molecular heterogeneity which can complicate treatment. Morphologically, more than 90% of BCa is classified as urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). Among other histological variants, UCC with squamous differentiation (SqD) shows a worse prognosis than pure UCC. In addition, basal-squamous BCa is enriched for SqD, and these tumors have a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is critical to elucidate the mechanisms to drive the basal-squamous phenotype of human BCa. Laminin-332 is a major glycoprotein of the epithelial basement membrane. It is well known that laminin-332 is a favorable target for extracellular matrix proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in various diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates the significant role of laminin-332 in tumorigenesis. Here, we analyzed the expression of laminin-332 genes (LAMA3, LAMB3, LAMC2) in molecular subtypes of human BCa using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Additionally, we also used q-RT-PCR to characterize laminin-332 gene expression between distinct molecular subtypes of human BCa cell lines. Our analysis of publicly available data show that laminin-332 genes are highly expressed in the basal-squamous molecular subtype of human BCa. In addition, we show laminin-332 genes are highly expressed in basal-squamous human BCa cell lines. Moreover, the expression of both LAMA3 and LAMC2 are negatively correlated with expression of the luminal transcription factor (TF) FOXA1 in the TCGA data. We also demonstrate that laminin-332 genes are downregulated by the overexpression of FOXA1 in a human basal-squamous BCa cell line (5637). Taken together, these results suggest that laminin-332 gene expression may be a biomarker of BCa patients with basal-squamous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - David J DeGraff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Hironobu Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
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Dunville K, Tonelli F, Novelli E, Codino A, Massa V, Frontino AM, Galfrè S, Biondi F, Gustincich S, Caleo M, Pandolfini L, Alia C, Cremisi F. Laminin 511 and WNT signalling sustain prolonged expansion of hiPSC-derived hippocampal progenitors. Development 2022; 149:276383. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Using the timely re-activation of WNT signalling in neuralizing human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we have produced neural progenitor cells with a gene expression profile typical of human embryonic dentate gyrus (DG) cells. Notably, in addition to continuous WNT signalling, a specific laminin isoform is crucial to prolonging the neural stem state and to extending progenitor cell proliferation for over 200 days in vitro. Laminin 511 is indeed specifically required to support proliferation and to inhibit differentiation of hippocampal progenitor cells for extended time periods when compared with a number of different laminin isoforms assayed. Global gene expression profiles of these cells suggest that a niche of laminin 511 and WNT signalling is sufficient to maintain their capability to undergo typical hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, laminin 511 signalling sustains the expression of a set of genes responsible for the maintenance of a hippocampal neurogenic niche. Finally, xenograft of human DG progenitors into the DG of adult immunosuppressed host mice produces efficient integration of neurons that innervate CA3 layer cells spanning the same area of endogenous hippocampal neuron synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keagan Dunville
- Laboratorio di Biologia, Scuola Normale Superiore 1 , Pisa, 56126 , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tonelli
- Laboratorio di Biologia, Scuola Normale Superiore 1 , Pisa, 56126 , Italy
| | - Elena Novelli
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche 2 , Pisa, 56124 , Italy
| | - Azzurra Codino
- Center for Human Technologies, Central RNA Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia 3 , Genova, 16152 , Italy
| | - Verediana Massa
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche 2 , Pisa, 56124 , Italy
| | | | - Silvia Galfrè
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Università La Sapienza 4 , Roma, 00185 , Italy
| | - Francesca Biondi
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche 2 , Pisa, 56124 , Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Center for Human Technologies, Central RNA Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia 3 , Genova, 16152 , Italy
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche 2 , Pisa, 56124 , Italy
| | - Luca Pandolfini
- Center for Human Technologies, Central RNA Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia 3 , Genova, 16152 , Italy
| | - Claudia Alia
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche 2 , Pisa, 56124 , Italy
| | - Federico Cremisi
- Laboratorio di Biologia, Scuola Normale Superiore 1 , Pisa, 56126 , Italy
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14
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Kubanov AA, Karamova AE, Chikin VV, Monchakovskaya ES, Nefedova MA. Efficacy Of Intradermal Allogeneic Fibroblast Injections In Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective — to assess the efficacy and safety of intradermal injections of allogeneic fibroblasts into non-healing wounds in a patient with junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Material and Methods — A 49-year-old patient with intermediate junctional epidermolysis bullosa was injected intradermally into the base of non-healing wounds with 1 mL suspension of allogeneic fibroblasts, which contained 5×106 cells/mL, 10×106 cells/mL, and 20×106 cells/mL. Immunofluorescence mapping exhibited reduced β3 chain of laminin 332 and collagen XVII expression in the basement membrane area. Paired erosions were injected with 2% albumin or saline solution. Results — At two weeks after treatment, wound areas reduced significantly, or 100% re-epithelialization occurred. Collagen XVII and β3 chain expression of laminin 332 increased at the dermal-epidermal junction. Conclusion — Our findings demonstrated that intradermal injections of allogeneic fibroblasts could be an effective therapeutic approach for treating small non-healing wounds in junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Kubanov
- State Research Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arfenya E. Karamova
- State Research Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Chikin
- State Research Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mariya A. Nefedova
- State Research Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Tellman TV, Dede M, Aggarwal VA, Salmon D, Naba A, Farach-Carson MC. Systematic Analysis of Actively Transcribed Core Matrisome Genes Across Tissues and Cell Phenotypes. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:95-107. [PMID: 35714875 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic, well-organized acellular network of tissue-specific biomolecules, that can be divided into structural or core ECM proteins and ECM-associated proteins. The ECM serves as a blueprint for organ development and function and, when structurally altered through mutation, altered expression, or degradation, can lead to debilitating syndromes that often affect one tissue more than another. Cross-referencing the FANTOM5 SSTAR (Semantic catalog of Samples, Transcription initiation And Regulators) and the defined catalog of core matrisome ECM (glyco)proteins, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 511 different human samples to annotate the context-specific transcription of the individual components of the defined matrisome. Relative log expression normalized SSTAR cap analysis gene expression peak data files were downloaded from the FANTOM5 online database and filtered to exclude all cell lines and diseased tissues. Promoter-level expression values were categorized further into eight core tissue systems and three major ECM categories: proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagens. Hierarchical clustering and correlation analyses were conducted to identify complex relationships in promoter-driven gene expression activity. Integration of the core matrisome and curated FANTOM5 SSTAR data creates a unique tool that provides insight into the promoter-level expression of ECM-encoding genes in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. Unbiased clustering of cap analysis gene expression peak data reveals unique ECM signatures within defined tissue systems. Correlation analysis among tissue systems exposes both positive and negative correlation of ECM promoters with varying levels of significance. This tool can be used to provide new insight into the relationships between ECM components and tissues and can inform future research on the ECM in human disease and development. We invite the matrix biology community to continue to explore and discuss this dataset as part of a larger and continuing conversation about the human ECM. An interactive web tool can be found at matrixpromoterome.github.io along with additional resources that can be found at dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19794481 (figures) and https://figshare.com/s/e18ecbc3ae5aaf919b78 (python notebook).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen V Tellman
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBS-4220, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Merve Dede
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301402 Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Vikram A Aggarwal
- Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Duncan Salmon
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBS-4220, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Rm E202 (MC901), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBS-4220, Houston, TX 77054, USA.; Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA.; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA..
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16
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Sugden CJ, Iorio V, Troughton LD, Liu K, Morais MRPT, Lennon R, Bou-Gharios G, Hamill KJ. Laminin N-terminus α31 expression during development is lethal and causes widespread tissue-specific defects in a transgenic mouse model. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22318. [PMID: 35648586 PMCID: PMC9328196 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002588rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Laminins (LMs) are essential components of all basement membranes where they regulate an extensive array of tissue functions. Alternative splicing from the laminin α3 gene produces a non‐laminin but netrin‐like protein, Laminin N terminus α31 (LaNt α31). LaNt α31 is widely expressed in intact tissue and is upregulated in epithelial cancers and during wound healing. In vitro functional studies have shown that LaNt α31 can influence numerous aspects of epithelial cell behavior via modifying matrix organization, suggesting a new model of laminin auto‐regulation. However, the function of this protein has not been established in vivo. Here, a mouse transgenic line was generated using the ubiquitin C promoter to drive inducible expression of LaNt α31. When expression was induced at embryonic day 15.5, LaNt α31 transgenic animals were not viable at birth, exhibiting localized regions of erythema. Histologically, the most striking defect was widespread evidence of extravascular bleeding across multiple tissues. Additionally, LaNt α31 transgene expressing animals exhibited kidney epithelial detachment, tubular dilation, disruption of the epidermal basal cell layer and of the hair follicle outer root sheath, and ~50% reduction of cell numbers in the liver, associated with depletion of hematopoietic erythrocytic foci. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that LaNt α31 can influence tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Sugden
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Valentina Iorio
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lee D Troughton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mychel R P T Morais
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin J Hamill
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Epidermolysis Bullosa—A Different Genetic Approach in Correlation with Genetic Heterogeneity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061325. [PMID: 35741135 PMCID: PMC9222206 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders characterized by mucocutaneous fragility and blister formation after minor friction or trauma. There are four major epidermolysis bullosa types based on the ultrastructural level of tissue cleavage: simplex, junctional, dystrophic, and Kindler epidermolysis bullosa. They are caused by mutations in genes that encode the proteins that are part of the hemidesmosomes and focal adhesion complex. Some of these disorders can be associated with extracutaneous manifestations, which are sometimes fatal. They are inherited in an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant manner. This review is focused on the phenomena of heterogeneity (locus, allelic, mutational, and clinical) in epidermolysis bullosa, and on the correlation genotype–phenotype.
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18
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Mosallaei D, Hao M, Antaya RJ, Levian B, Kwong A, Cogan J, Hamilton C, Schwieger-Briel A, Tan C, Tang X, Woodley DT, Chen M. Molecular and Clinical Outcomes After Intravenous Gentamicin Treatment for Patients With Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa Caused by Nonsense Variants. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:366-374. [PMID: 35234826 PMCID: PMC8892363 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.5992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is an incurable blistering skin disorder with high infant mortality often caused by nonsense variants in the genes that encode laminin 332. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and outcomes following intravenous gentamicin readthrough therapy and subsequent laminin 332 expression in patients with JEB. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This open-label, pilot nonrandomized clinical trial assessed 1 course of low- or high-dose intravenous gentamicin, including follow-up at 30 and 90 days after treatment. Five pediatric patients with JEB (2 with intermediate JEB and 3 with severe JEB) and confirmed nonsense variants in LAMA3 or LAMB3 in 1 or 2 alleles and decreased expression of laminin 332 at the dermal-epidermal junction of their skin participated in the study, which was performed at a single institution in collaboration with physicians and home infusion services near the patients from April 1, 2019, to February 28, 2021, with follow-up until May 31, 2021. INTERVENTIONS Three patients received gentamicin at 7.5 mg/kg daily for 14 days, and 2 patients received gentamicin at 10 mg/kg daily for 24 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were change in expression of laminin 332 in patients' skin and assessments for safety (ototoxic effects, nephrotoxic effects, and autoimmune response). Secondary outcomes included wound healing in monitored wounds and Epidermolysis Bullosa Disease Activity and Scarring Index (EBDASI) score. RESULTS After gentamicin treatment, all 5 patients (age range, 3 months to 10 years, 4 [80%] female) exhibited increased laminin 332 in the dermal-epidermal junction. By 1 month, 7 of 9 wounds in patients receiving low-dose intravenous gentamicin and all wounds in patients receiving high-dose intravenous gentamicin exhibited at least 50% wound closure. By 3 months, 8 of 9 wounds in patients receiving low-dose gentamicin and all wounds in patients receiving high-dose intravenous gentamicin exhibited greater than 85% closure. All 3 patients who were evaluated with EBDASI showed a decrease in total activity scores that met minimal clinically important differences 1 month after treatment. All 5 patients completed the study, and no ototoxic effects, nephrotoxic effects, or anti-laminin 332 antibodies were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this nonrandomized clinical trial, intravenous gentamicin therapy was associated with induced readthrough of nonsense variants in patients with JEB, restored functional laminin 332 in their skin, and wound closure during the 3-month study period. Although long-term safety and efficacy requires further evaluation, a single cycle of intravenous gentamicin may be a safe and readily available therapy in the short term for this population of patients with JEB. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03526159 and NCT04140786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mosallaei
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Michelle Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Richard J. Antaya
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brandon Levian
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Andrew Kwong
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Jon Cogan
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Claire Hamilton
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Agnes Schwieger-Briel
- Pediatric Skin Center, Division of Pediatric Dermatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Calvin Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - David T. Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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19
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Taghdiri M, Naeimi S, Fardaei M, Tabei SMB. Two Novel Mutations in LAMC2 Gene in Iranian Families Affected by Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:597-601. [PMID: 35291611 PMCID: PMC8903362 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder with defective adhesion of dermal- epidermal within the lamina lucida region of the basement membrane zone. The main characterization of JEB is blistering and fragile skin and mucous membrane. Laminins are noncollagenous part of basement membrane and classified as a family of extracellular matrix glycoprotein. Laminins contain three chains: Laminin α, Laminin β and Laminin γ. LAMC2 (laminin subunit gamma 2) gene encodes γ subunit of laminin and its mutation contributes to JEB. Here, we report a disease-causing nonsense mutation and a large deletion mutation in LAMC2 gene in two families affected by JEB. METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out on the mother of patient in family I and the patient himself in family II to detect the underlying mutations. Then, sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the identified mutations. RESULTS Next generation sequencing (NGS) data analysis of the first family showed a novel, nonsense mutation in LAMC2 gene (LAMC2: NM_005562: exon14:c.C2143T: p.R715X). The heterozygous state of the mutation was confirmed by sanger sequencing in the parents and unaffected brother. In Family II, NGS data had no coverage in the large area of LAMC2 gene. Thus, to confirm the possible deletion sanger sequencing was done and blasting of sequence showed the deleted region of 9.4 kb (exon10-17) in LAMC2 gene. CONCLUSION In summary, current study reported a novel disease-causing premature termination codon (PTC) mutation in LAMC2 gene and a large deletion mutation in patients affected by JEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taghdiri
- Department of Genetics, Colleague of science, Kazerun branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.
| | - Sirous Naeimi
- Department of Genetics, Colleague of science, Kazerun branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.
| | - Majid Fardaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Maternal-fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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20
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Kueckelhaus M, Rothoeft T, De Rosa L, Yeni B, Ohmann T, Maier C, Eitner L, Metze D, Losi L, Secone Seconetti A, De Luca M, Hirsch T. Transgenic Epidermal Cultures for Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa - 5-Year Outcomes. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:2264-2270. [PMID: 34881838 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2108544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inherited junctional epidermolysis bullosa is a severe genetic skin disease that leads to epidermal loss caused by structural and mechanical fragility of the integuments. There is no established cure for junctional epidermolysis bullosa. We previously reported that genetically corrected autologous epidermal cultures regenerated almost an entire, fully functional epidermis on a child who had a devastating form of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. We now report long-term clinical outcomes in this patient. (Funded by POR FESR 2014-2020 - Regione Emilia-Romagna and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kueckelhaus
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tobias Rothoeft
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura De Rosa
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Burcu Yeni
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tobias Ohmann
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Christoph Maier
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lynn Eitner
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Dieter Metze
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorena Losi
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Secone Seconetti
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tobias Hirsch
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, and the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide (M.K., B.Y., T.H.), and the Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster (D.M.), Muenster, the Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (T.R.) and the Department of Neuropediatrics (L.E.), University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum (C.M.), Bochum, and the Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg (T.O.) - all in Germany; and Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (L.D.R., A.S.S.), and the Unit of Pathology (L.L.) and the Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari (M.D.L.), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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21
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Tayem R, Niemann C, Pesch M, Morgner J, Niessen CM, Wickström SA, Aumailley M. Laminin 332 Is Indispensable for Homeostatic Epidermal Differentiation Programs. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2602-2610.e3. [PMID: 33965403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skin epidermis is attached to the underlying dermis by a laminin 332 (Lm332)-rich basement membrane. Consequently, loss of Lm332 leads to the severe blistering disorder epidermolysis bullosa junctionalis in humans and animals. Owing to the indispensable role of Lm332 in keratinocyte adhesion in vivo, the severity of the disease has limited research into other functions of the protein. We have conditionally disrupted Lm332 expression in basal keratinocytes of adult mice. Although blisters develop along the interfollicular epidermis, hair follicle basal cells provide sufficient anchorage of the epidermis to the dermis, making inducible deletion of the Lama3 gene compatible with life. Loss of Lm332 promoted the thickening of the epidermis and exaggerated desquamation. Global RNA expression analysis revealed major changes in the expression of keratins, cornified envelope proteins, and cellular stress markers. These modifications of the keratinocyte genetic program are accompanied by changes in cell shape and disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. These data indicate that loss of Lm332-mediated progenitor cell adhesion alters cell fate and disturbs epidermal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneem Tayem
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Pesch
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Morgner
- Paul Gerson Unna Group 'Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Medical Faculty, Department of Cell Biology of the Skin, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group 'Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monique Aumailley
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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22
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De Rosa L, Enzo E, Zardi G, Bodemer C, Magnoni C, Schneider H, De Luca M. Hologene 5: A Phase II/III Clinical Trial of Combined Cell and Gene Therapy of Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. Front Genet 2021; 12:705019. [PMID: 34539738 PMCID: PMC8440932 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.705019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of devastating genetic diseases characterized by skin and mucosal fragility and formation of blisters, which develop either spontaneously or in response to minor mechanical trauma. There is no definitive therapy for any form of EB. Intermediate junctional EB (JEB) caused by mutations in the gene LAMB3 has been the first genetic skin disease successfully tackled by ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we present a multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled phase II/III study that aims at confirming the efficacy of Hologene 5, a graft consisting of cultured transgenic keratinocytes and epidermal stem cells and meant to combine cell and gene therapy for the treatment of LAMB3-related JEB. Autologous clonogenic keratinocytes will be isolated from patients’ skin biopsies, genetically corrected with a gamma-retroviral vector (γRV) carrying the full-length human LAMB3 cDNA and plated onto a fibrin support (144cm2). The transgenic epidermis will be transplanted onto surgically prepared selected skin areas of at least six JEB patients (four pediatric and two adults). Evaluation of clinical efficacy will include, as primary endpoint, a combination of clinical parameters, such as percentage of re-epithelialization, cellular, molecular, and functional parameters, mechanical stress tests, and patient-reported outcome (PRO), up to 12months after transplantation. Safety and further efficacy endpoints will also be assessed during the clinical trial and for additional 15years in an interventional non-pharmacological follow-up study. If successful, this clinical trial would provide a therapeutic option for skin lesions of JEB patients with LAMB3 mutations and pave the way to a combined cell and gene therapy platform tackling other forms of EB and different genodermatoses. Clinical Trial Registration: EudraCT Number: 2018-000261-36.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Enzo
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Zardi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, University Paris Centre, ERN-Skin Network (European Network for Rare Skin Disorders), Paris, France
| | - Cristina Magnoni
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Holm Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michele De Luca
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate, s.r.l, Modena, Italy.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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23
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Hou PC, Natsuga K, Tu WT, Huang HY, Chen B, Chen LY, Chen WR, Hong YK, Tang YA, Lee JYY, Chen PC, Sun HS, McGrath JA, Hsu CK. Complexity of Transcriptional and Translational Interference of Laminin-332 Subunits in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa with LAMB3 Mutations. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 101:adv00522. [PMID: 34231856 PMCID: PMC9413659 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chen Hou
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
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24
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Urzúa B, Krämer S, Morales-Bozo I, Camacho C, Yubero MJ, Palisson F, Fuentes I, Ortega-Pinto A. Case Report: Crown Resorption in a Patient With Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa and Amelogenesis Imperfecta With LAMB3 Gene Mutations. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.704423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) corresponds to a series of conditions characterized by extreme fragility of the skin and/or mucous membranes. Of the four main types of EB, junctional EB (JEB) is the most associated with alterations in the teeth. The purposes of this study were to determine the clinical, histopathological, and ultrastructural characteristics of teeth with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in a patient with JEB, and compare them with control teeth, and correlate the findings with the mutations present in the patient.Case Report: The study was conducted on a 10-year-old patient with JEB carrier of two recessive mutations in the LAMB3 gene and absence of the laminin-332 protein (LM-332), determined by immunofluorescence on a skin biopsy. The patient presents hypoplastic AI with very thin and yellow-brown colored enamel. Extraction of two permanent molars was performed due to pain and soft tissue covering the crown, resembling pulp polyp or hyperplastic gingiva. Light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed very thin enamel varying from complete absence to 60 μm, absence of normal prismatic structure, and presence of a cross-banding with a laminated appearance. The histopathological study revealed granulation tissue causing external crown resorption.Conclusion: Although coronary resorption has been reported in patients with syndromic and non-syndromic AI, this is the first clinicopathological report of coronary resorption in partially erupted teeth in patients with JEB with mutations in the LAMB3 gene and hypoplastic AI. In patients with this condition, the presence of partially erupted teeth with soft tissue covering part of the crown, without a periodontal pocket, and with a radiographic image of partial coronal radiolucency should lead to suspicion of external coronary resorption.
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Aneskievich BJ, Shamilov R, Vinogradova O. Intrinsic disorder in integral membrane proteins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 183:101-134. [PMID: 34656327 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The well-defined roles and specific protein-protein interactions of many integral membrane proteins (IMPs), such as those functioning as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins and soluble growth factors, easily align with considering IMP structure as a classical "lock-and-key" concept. Nevertheless, continued advances in understanding protein conformation, such as those which established the widespread existence of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and especially intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in otherwise three-dimensionally organized proteins, call for ongoing reevaluation of transmembrane proteins. Here, we present basic traits of IDPs and IDRs, and, for some select single-span IMPs, consider the potential functional advantages intrinsic disorder might provide and the possible conformational impact of disease-associated mutations. For transmembrane proteins in general, we highlight several investigational approaches, such as biophysical and computational methods, stressing the importance of integrating them to produce a more-complete mechanistic model of disorder-containing IMPs. These procedures, when synergized with in-cell assessments, will likely be key in translating in silico and in vitro results to improved understanding of IMP conformational flexibility in normal cell physiology as well as disease, and will help to extend their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Aneskievich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Rambon Shamilov
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
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26
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Leong WMS, Samuel M, Chandran NS, Choi CEE, Yiong Huak C, Marsden H, Tam WWS. Interventions for inherited forms of epidermolysis bullosa. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Mun Sean Leong
- Department of Dermatology; National University Hospital; Singapore Singapore
| | - Miny Samuel
- Research Support Unit; NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Ci En Ellie Choi
- Internal Medicine; National University Hospital Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Chan Yiong Huak
- Biostatistics Unit; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Singapore Singapore
| | - Harriet Marsden
- c/o Cochrane Skin Group; The University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Wilson Wai San Tam
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore, National University Health System; Singapore Singapore
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27
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Castiglia D, Fortugno P, Condorelli AG, Barresi S, De Luca N, Pizzi S, Neri I, Graziano C, Trojan D, Ponzin D, Rossi S, Zambruno G, Tartaglia M. A Novel Phenotype of Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa with Transient Skin Fragility and Predominant Ocular Involvement Responsive to Human Amniotic Membrane Eyedrops. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:716. [PMID: 34064633 PMCID: PMC8151857 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous skin fragility disorder frequently caused by mutations in genes encoding the epithelial laminin isoform, laminin-332. JEB patients also present mucosal involvement, including painful corneal lesions. Recurrent corneal abrasions may lead to corneal opacities and visual impairment. Current treatments are merely supportive. We report a novel JEB phenotype distinguished by the complete resolution of skin fragility in infancy and persistent ocular involvement with unremitting and painful corneal abrasions. Biallelic LAMB3 mutations c.3052-5C>G and c.3492_3493delCG were identified as the molecular basis for this phenotype, with one mutation being a hypomorphic splice variant that allows residual wild-type laminin-332 production. The reduced laminin-332 level was associated with impaired keratinocyte adhesion. Then, we also investigated the therapeutic power of a human amniotic membrane (AM) eyedrop preparation for corneal lesions. AM were isolated from placenta donors, according to a procedure preserving the AM biological characteristics as a tissue, and confirmed to contain laminin-332. We found that AM eyedrop preparation could restore keratinocyte adhesion in an in vitro assay. Of note, AM eyedrop administration to the patient resulted in long-lasting remission of her ocular manifestations. Our findings suggest that AM eyedrops could represent an effective, non-invasive, simple-to-handle treatment for corneal lesions in patients with JEB and possibly other EB forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Paola Fortugno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Angelo Giuseppe Condorelli
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.G.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (S.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Naomi De Luca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (S.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Iria Neri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Division of Dermatology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Claudio Graziano
- Medical Genetics, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | | | - Diego Ponzin
- The Veneto Eye Bank Foundation, 30174 Venice, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.G.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (S.P.); (M.T.)
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28
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Caley MP, Martins VL, Moore K, Lashari M, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM, Alexander S, Jones E, Harwood CA, Jones J, Donaldson M, Marshall JF, O'Toole EA. Loss of the laminin subunit alpha-3 induces cell invasion and macrophage infiltration in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:923-934. [PMID: 32767748 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common cancer that invades the dermis through the basement membrane. The role of the basement membrane in poorly differentiated cSCC is not well understood. OBJECTIVES To study the effect that loss of the laminin subunit alpha-3 (α3) chain from the tumour microenvironment has on tumour invasion and inflammatory cell recruitment. METHODS We examined the role of the basement membrane proteins laminin subunits α3, β3 and γ2 in SCC invasion and inflammatory cell recruitment using immunohistochemistry, short hairpin RNA knockdown, RNA-Seq, mouse xenograft models and patient tumour samples. RESULTS Analysis of SCC tumours and cell lines using antibodies specific to laminin chains α3, β3 and γ2 identified a link between poorly differentiated SCC and reduced expression of laminin α3 but not the other laminin subunits investigated. Knockdown of laminin α3 increased tumour invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining identified increased phosphorylated myosin light chain with loss of laminin α3. Inhibition of ROCK (rho-associated protein kinase) but not Rac1 significantly reduced the invasive potential of laminin α3 knockdown cells. Knockdown of laminin subunits α3 and γ2 increased monocyte recruitment to the tumour microenvironment. However, only the loss of laminin α3 correlated with increased tumour-associated macrophages both in xenografted tumours and in patient tumour samples. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that loss of the laminin α3 chain in cSCC has an effect on both the epithelial and immune components of cSCC, resulting in an aggressive tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Caley
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research
| | - V L Martins
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research
| | - K Moore
- Barts Cancer Institute; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Lashari
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research
| | - L Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - V-M Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Alexander
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research
| | - E Jones
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research
| | - C A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research
| | - J Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, BLS 202F, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - J F Marshall
- Barts Cancer Institute; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - E A O'Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research
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29
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Kozyrina AN, Piskova T, Di Russo J. Mechanobiology of Epithelia From the Perspective of Extracellular Matrix Heterogeneity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:596599. [PMID: 33330427 PMCID: PMC7717998 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.596599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complexity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its variability is a necessary step on the way to engineering functional (bio)materials that serve their respective purposes while relying on cell adhesion. Upon adhesion, cells receive messages which contain both biochemical and mechanical information. The main focus of mechanobiology lies in investigating the role of this mechanical coordination in regulating cellular behavior. In recent years, this focus has been additionally shifted toward cell collectives and the understanding of their behavior as a whole mechanical continuum. Collective cell phenomena very much apply to epithelia which are either simple cell-sheets or more complex three-dimensional structures. Researchers have been mostly using the organization of monolayers to observe their collective behavior in well-defined experimental setups in vitro. Nevertheless, recent studies have also reported the impact of ECM remodeling on epithelial morphogenesis in vivo. These new concepts, combined with the knowledge of ECM biochemical complexity are of key importance for engineering new interactive materials to support both epithelial remodeling and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the structure and heterogeneity of the ECM before discussing its impact on the epithelial mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra N. Kozyrina
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Teodora Piskova
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jacopo Di Russo
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- DWI – Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
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Kiener S, Laprais A, Mauldin EA, Jagannathan V, Olivry T, Leeb T. LAMB3 Missense Variant in Australian Shepherd Dogs with Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1055. [PMID: 32906717 PMCID: PMC7565164 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In a highly inbred Australian Shepherd litter, three of the five puppies developed widespread ulcers of the skin, footpads, and oral mucosa within the first weeks of life. Histopathological examinations demonstrated clefting of the epidermis from the underlying dermis within or just below the basement membrane, which led to a tentative diagnosis of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) with autosomal recessive inheritance. Endoscopy in one affected dog also demonstrated separation between the epithelium and underlying tissue in the gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the severity of the clinical signs, all three dogs had to be euthanized. We sequenced the genome of one affected puppy and compared the data to 73 control genomes. A search for private variants in 37 known candidate genes for skin fragility phenotypes revealed a single protein-changing variant, LAMB3:c.1174T>C, or p.Cys392Arg. The variant was predicted to change a conserved cysteine in the laminin β3 subunit of the heterotrimeric laminin-322, which mediates the binding of the epidermal basement membrane to the underlying dermis. Loss-of-function variants in the human LAMB3 gene lead to recessive forms of JEB. We confirmed the expected co-segregation of the genotypes in the Australian Shepherd family. The mutant allele was homozygous in two genotyped cases and heterozygous in three non-affected close relatives. It was not found in 242 other controls from the Australian Shepherd breed, nor in more than 600 other controls. These data suggest that LAMB3:c.1174T>C represents the causative variant. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report of a LAMB3-related JEB in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kiener
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (S.K.); (V.J.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Laprais
- The Ottawa Animal Emergency and Specialty Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1K 4C1, Canada;
| | - Elizabeth A. Mauldin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (S.K.); (V.J.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (S.K.); (V.J.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Mariath LM, Santin JT, Schuler-Faccini L, Kiszewski AE. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: update on the clinical and genetic aspects. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:551-569. [PMID: 32732072 PMCID: PMC7563003 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited epidermolysis bullosa is a group of genetic diseases characterized by skin fragility and blistering on the skin and mucous membranes in response to minimal trauma. Epidermolysis bullosa is clinically and genetically very heterogeneous, being classified into four main types according to the layer of skin in which blistering occurs: epidermolysis bullosa simplex (intraepidermal), junctional epidermolysis bullosa (within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane), dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (below the basement membrane), and Kindler epidermolysis bullosa (mixed skin cleavage pattern). Furthermore, epidermolysis bullosa is stratified into several subtypes, which consider the clinical characteristics, the distribution of the blisters, and the severity of cutaneous and extracutaneous signs. Pathogenic variants in at least 16 genes that encode proteins essential for the integrity and adhesion of skin layers have already been associated with different subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa. The marked heterogeneity of the disease, which includes phenotypes with a broad spectrum of severity and many causal genes, hinders its classification and diagnosis. For this reason, dermatologists and geneticists regularly review and update the classification criteria. This review aimed to update the state of the art on inherited epidermolysis bullosa, with a special focus on the associated clinical and genetic aspects, presenting data from the most recent reclassification consensus, published in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Monteavaro Mariath
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tosetto Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Elisa Kiszewski
- Dermatology Service, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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McCabe MC, Hill RC, Calderone K, Cui Y, Yan Y, Quan T, Fisher GJ, Hansen KC. Alterations in extracellular matrix composition during aging and photoaging of the skin. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 8:100041. [PMID: 33543036 PMCID: PMC7852213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is composed of the cell-rich epidermis, the extracellular matrix (ECM) rich dermis, and the hypodermis. Within the dermis, a dense network of ECM proteins provides structural support to the skin and regulates a wide variety of signaling pathways which govern cell proliferation and other critical processes. Both intrinsic aging, which occurs steadily over time, and extrinsic aging (photoaging), which occurs as a result of external insults such as solar radiation, cause alterations to the dermal ECM. In this study, we utilized both quantitative and global proteomics, alongside single harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon autofluorescence (TPAF) imaging, to assess changes in dermal composition during intrinsic and extrinsic aging. We find that both intrinsic and extrinsic aging result in significant decreases in ECM-supporting proteoglycans and structural ECM integrity, evidenced by decreasing collagen abundance and increasing fibril fragmentation. Intrinsic aging also produces changes distinct from those produced by photoaging, including reductions in elastic fiber and crosslinking enzyme abundance. In contrast, photoaging is primarily defined by increases in elastic fiber-associated protein and pro-inflammatory proteases. Changes associated with photoaging are evident even in young (mid 20s) sun-exposed forearm skin, indicating that proteomic evidence of photoaging is present decades prior to clinical signs of photoaging. GO term enrichment revealed that both intrinsic aging and photoaging share common features of chronic inflammation. The proteomic data has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD015982. Intrinsic aging and photoaging both decrease ECM-supporting proteoglycans and structural ECM. Intrinsic aging produces reductions in elastic fiber and crosslinking enzyme abundance. Photoaging results in increases in pro-inflammatory proteases and elastic fiber abundance. Intrinsic aging and photoaging share common features associated with chronic inflammation. Proteomic changes associated with photoaging are evident decades prior to clinical aging signs.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the curve
- Aging
- CE, cornified envelope
- CNBr, cyanogen bromide
- Collagen
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- GO, gene ontology
- Photoaging
- Proteomics
- QconCATs, quantitative concatemers
- SHG, single harmonic generation
- Skin
- TPAF, two-photon autofluorescence
- UV, ultraviolet
- iECM, insoluble ECM
- sECM, soluble ECM
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell C. McCabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12801 E 17th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ryan C. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12801 E 17th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth Calderone
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Medical Science I R6447, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yilei Cui
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Medical Science I R6447, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Medical Science I R6447, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Taihao Quan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Medical Science I R6447, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary J. Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Medical Science I R6447, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12801 E 17th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Mittwollen R, Wohlfart S, Park J, Grosch E, Has C, Hohenester E, Schneider H, Hammersen J. Aberrant splicing as potential modifier of the phenotype of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2127-2134. [PMID: 32124492 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack or dysfunction of the anchoring protein laminin-332 in the basement membrane leads to the skin blistering disorder junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB). The mutation c.628G>A in the gene LAMB3 encoding the laminin β3-chain is associated with generalized intermediate JEB; it may introduce an amino acid substitution (p.Glu210Lys) or disrupt splicing. OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed at determining the effects of aberrant splicing on the JEB phenotype. METHODS LAMB3 transcription was analysed in two siblings compound heterozygous for the LAMB3 mutations p.Glu210Lys and p.Arg635* with a diverging JEB phenotype from late childhood on. Laminin-332 levels in skin sections and in cultured keratinocytes were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Real-time PCR was used to quantify LAMB3 expression in keratinocytes. RNA splice variants were identified by subcloning of a LAMB3 cDNA fraction and subsequent DNA sequencing. Structural models of laminin-332 helped to assess the impact of certain mutations on laminin-332 folding. RESULTS Both siblings showed diminished LAMB3 expression. Laminin-332 was equally reduced in skin sections obtained during infancy but differed in keratinocytes isolated during adolescence. Although aberrant LAMB3 splicing with 26 variants was detected in both patients, splicing differed significantly: the full-length LAMB3 transcript harbouring the p.Glu210Lys mutation was found more often in the patient affected less severely (14/108 vs. 5/106 clones; P = 0.03). Structural modelling predicted that several deletions in LAMB3, but not the point mutation p.Glu210Lys, have an effect on laminin-332 folding and secretion. CONCLUSIONS Differential LAMB3 mRNA splicing in the patients may explain the disparate JEB phenotype. By elucidating the regulation of laminin-332 gene expression, these findings may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for JEB and might help to understand phenotype modification by splice-site mutations in other hereditary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mittwollen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Wohlfart
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Grosch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Has
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Hohenester
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Hammersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Kwong A, Cogan J, Hou Y, Antaya R, Hao M, Kim G, Lincoln V, Chen Q, Woodley DT, Chen M. Gentamicin Induces Laminin 332 and Improves Wound Healing in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa Patients with Nonsense Mutations. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1327-1338. [PMID: 32222156 PMCID: PMC7210719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized severe junctional epidermolysis bullosa (GS-JEB) is an incurable and fatal autosomal recessively inherited blistering skin disease caused by mutations in the LAMA3, LAMB3, or LAMC2 genes. Most of these mutations are nonsense mutations that create premature termination codons that lead to impaired production of functional laminin 332, a protein needed for epidermal-dermal adherence. Gentamicin induces readthrough of nonsense mutations and restores the full-length protein in various genetic diseases. Using primary keratinocytes from three GS-JEB patients, we showed that gentamicin induced functional laminin 332 that reversed a JEB-associated, abnormal cell phenotype. In a subsequent open-label trial involving the same patients, we examined whether 0.5% gentamicin ointment applied topically to open skin wounds could promote nonsense mutation readthrough and create new laminin 332 in the patients' skin. Gentamicin-treated wounds exhibited increased expression of laminin 332 at the dermal-epidermal junction for at least 3 months and were associated with improved wound closure. There were no untoward side effects from topical gentamicin. The newly induced laminin 332 did not generate anti-laminin 332 autoantibodies in either the patients' blood or skin. Gentamicin readthrough therapy may be a treatment for GS-JEB patients with nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kwong
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jon Cogan
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yingping Hou
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Richard Antaya
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Michelle Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Gene Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Vadim Lincoln
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qiuyang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - David T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Yap L, Tay HG, Nguyen MT, Tjin MS, Tryggvason K. Laminins in Cellular Differentiation. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:987-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Assessment of the time-dependent dermatotoxicity of mechlorethamine using the mouse ear vesicant model. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 11:255-266. [PMID: 31762677 PMCID: PMC6853016 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechlorethamine (HN2) is an alkylating agent and sulfur mustard gas mimetic which is also used in anticancer therapy. HN2 is associated with skin inflammation and blistering which can lead to secondary infections. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the time-dependent dermatotoxicity of HN2 using the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM). To this end, our operational definition of dermatotoxicity included tissue responses to HN2 consistent with an increase in the wet weights of mouse ear punch biopsies, an increase in the morphometric thickness of H&E stained ear sections and histopathologic observations including tissue edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and vesication. The ears of male Swiss Webster mice were topically exposed to a single dose of HN2 (0.5 μmol/ear) or DMSO vehicle (5 μl/ear) or left untreated (naive). Mice were then euthanized at 15 min, 1, 2, 4, 8 or 24 hr following HN2 exposure. Compared to control ears, mouse ears exposed to HN2 at all time points showed an increase in wet weights, morphometric thickness, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and signs of vesication. The incidence in tissue vesication sharply increased between 4 and 8 hr after exposure, revealing that tissue vesication is well established by 8 hr and remains elevated at 24 hr after exposure. It is noteworthy that, compared to control ears, mouse ears treated with DMSO vehicle alone also exhibited an increase in wet weights and morphometric thickness at 15 min, 1, 2 and 4 hr following treatment; however, these vehicle effects begin to subside after 4 hr. The results obtained here using the MEVM provide a more holistic understanding of the kinetics of vesication, and indicate that time points earlier than 24 hr may prove useful not only for investigating the complex mechanisms involved in vesication but also for assessing the effects of vesicant countermeasures.
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38
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Mammadova A, Carels CEL, Zhou J, Gilissen C, Helmich MPAC, Bian Z, Zhou H, Von den Hoff JW. Deregulated Adhesion Program in Palatal Keratinocytes of Orofacial Cleft Patients. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110836. [PMID: 31652793 PMCID: PMC6895790 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most frequent craniofacial birth defects. An orofacial cleft (OFC) occurs as a result of deviations in palatogenesis. Cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration and apoptosis are crucial in palatogenesis. We hypothesized that deregulation of these processes in oral keratinocytes contributes to OFC. We performed microarray expression analysis on palatal keratinocytes from OFC and non-OFC individuals. Principal component analysis showed a clear difference in gene expression with 24% and 17% for the first and second component, respectively. In OFC cells, 228 genes were differentially expressed (p < 0.001). Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment of genes involved in β1 integrin-mediated adhesion and migration, as well as in P-cadherin expression. A scratch assay demonstrated reduced migration of OFC keratinocytes (343.6 ± 29.62 μm) vs. non-OFC keratinocytes (503.4 ± 41.81 μm, p < 0.05). Our results indicate that adhesion and migration are deregulated in OFC keratinocytes, which might contribute to OFC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Mammadova
- Department of Dentistry, Section Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Carine E L Carels
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jie Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria P A C Helmich
- Department of Dentistry, Section Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhuan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Dentistry, Section Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Smith C, Poulter J, Brookes S, Murillo G, Silva S, Brown C, Patel A, Hussain H, Kirkham J, Inglehearn C, Mighell A. Phenotype and Variant Spectrum in the LAMB3 Form of Amelogenesis Imperfecta. J Dent Res 2019; 98:698-704. [PMID: 30905256 PMCID: PMC6535922 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519835205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by abnormal formation of dental enamel, either in isolation or as part of a syndrome. Heterozygous variants in laminin subunit beta 3 ( LAMB3) cause AI with dominant inheritance in the absence of other cosegregating clinical features. In contrast, biallelic loss-of-function variants in LAMB3 cause recessive junctional epidermolysis bullosa, characterized by life-threatening skin fragility. We identified 2 families segregating autosomal dominant AI with variable degrees of a distinctive hypoplastic phenotype due to pathogenic variants in LAMB3. Whole exome sequencing revealed a nonsense variant (c.3340G>T, p.E1114*) within the final exon in family 1, while Sanger sequencing in family 2 revealed a variant (c.3383-1G>A) in the canonical splice acceptor site of the final exon. Analysis of cDNA from family 2 revealed retention of the final intron leading to a premature termination codon. Two unerupted third molar teeth from individual IV:5 in family 2 were subject to computerized tomography and scanning electron microscopy. LAMB3 molar teeth have a multitude of cusps versus matched controls. LAMB3 enamel was well mineralized but pitted. The architecture of the initially secreted enamel was abnormal, with cervical enamel appearing much less severely affected than coronal enamel. This study further defines the variations in phenotype-genotype correlation for AI due to variants in LAMB3, underlines the clustering of nonsense and frameshift variants causing AI in the absence of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, and highlights the shared AI phenotype arising from variants in genes coding for hemidesmosome proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.E.L. Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds
Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Oral Biology, School of
Dentistry, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J.A. Poulter
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds
Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S.J. Brookes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of
Dentistry, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G. Murillo
- School of Dentistry, Universidad de
Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro Montes De Oca, Costa
Rica
| | - S. Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Centre,
Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro Montes de
Oca, Costa Rica
| | - C.J. Brown
- Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of
Dentistry, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Patel
- Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of
Dentistry, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - H. Hussain
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds,
Leeds, UK
| | - J. Kirkham
- Department of Oral Biology, School of
Dentistry, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C.F. Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds
Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A.J. Mighell
- School of Dentistry, University of
Leeds, Leeds, UK
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40
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Mariath LM, Santin JT, Frantz JA, Doriqui MJR, Kiszewski AE, Schuler-Faccini L. An overview of the genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa in Brazil: discovery of novel and recurrent disease-causing variants. Clin Genet 2019; 96:189-198. [PMID: 31001817 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genodermatosis that encompasses a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders classified in four major types: EB simplex (EBS), junctional EB (JEB), dystrophic EB (DEB) and Kindler syndrome. Our aim was to characterize recurrent and novel mutations associated to EB in a sample of Brazilian patients. Eighty-seven patients (25 EBS, 4 JEB and 58 DEB) were studied. We performed a next-generation sequencing-based multigene panel through ion torrent technology including 11 genes: KRT5, KRT14, PLEC, TGM5, LAMA3, LAMB3, LAMC2, COL17A1, ITGB4, COL7A1, and FERMT1. A total of 72 different pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified, 32 of them are novel. The causal variant was detected in 82 patients (efficiency of 94.3%). Pathogenic variants in the residue 125 of KRT14 were identified in 32% of all EBS patients. In DEB patients, four COL7A1 variants were quite frequent, some of them clustered in specific Brazilian regions. Our study extends the spectrum of known mutations in EB and describes, for the first time, the genetic profile of EB patients from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M Mariath
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana T Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeanine A Frantz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil.,Board of Directors, DEBRA Brasil (Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association of Brazil), Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Maria J R Doriqui
- Section of Medical Genetics, Hospital Infantil Dr. Juvêncio Mattos, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Ana E Kiszewski
- Section of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Al-Zahrani HS, Al-Tala S, Mohamoud HSA, Al-Shehri BA, Al-Fadhel S, Al-Qurashi A, Al-Bishri A, Al-Aama JY, Kang C, Betz RC, Jelani M. Novel compound heterozygous and homozygous variants of laminin subunit β3 gene underlie non-Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa in two paternal half-brothers from Saudi Arabia. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2019; 59:99-101. [PMID: 29900604 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hams S Al-Zahrani
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders|, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al-Tala
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Unit, Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bandar A Al-Shehri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al-Fadhel
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al-Qurashi
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al-Bishri
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Y Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders|, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changsoo Kang
- Department of Biology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Regina C Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders|, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Boyle WS, Twaroski K, Woska EC, Tolar J, Reineke TM. Molecular Additives Significantly Enhance Glycopolymer-Mediated Transfection of Large Plasmids and Functional CRISPR-Cas9 Transcription Activation Ex Vivo in Primary Human Fibroblasts and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:418-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Du R, Dinckan N, Song X, Coban-Akdemir Z, Jhangiani SN, Guven Y, Aktoren O, Kayserili H, Petty LE, Muzny DM, Below JE, Boerwinkle E, Wu N, Gibbs RA, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Letra A, Uyguner ZO. Identification of likely pathogenic and known variants in TSPEAR, LAMB3, BCOR, and WNT10A in four Turkish families with tooth agenesis. Hum Genet 2018; 137:689-703. [PMID: 30046887 PMCID: PMC6165673 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tooth agenesis (TA), the failure of development of one or more permanent teeth, is a common craniofacial abnormality observed in different world populations. The genetic etiology of TA is heterogeneous; more than a dozen genes have been associated with isolated or nonsyndromic TA, and more than 80 genes with syndromic forms. In this study, we applied whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify candidate genes contributing to TA in four Turkish families. Likely pathogenic variants with a low allele frequency in the general population were identified in four disease-associated genes, including two distinct variants in TSPEAR, associated with syndromic and isolated TA in one family each; a variant in LAMB3 associated with syndromic TA in one family; and a variant in BCOR plus a disease-associated WNT10A variant in one family with syndromic TA. With the notable exception of WNT10A (Tooth agenesis, selective, 4, MIM #150400), the genotype-phenotype relationships described in the present cohort represent an expansion of the clinical spectrum associated with these genes: TSPEAR (Deafness, autosomal recessive 98, MIM #614861), LAMB3 (Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IA, MIM #104530; Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, MIMs #226700 and #226650), and BCOR (Microphthalmia, syndromic 2, MIM #300166). We provide evidence supporting the candidacy of these genes with TA, and propose TSPEAR as a novel nonsyndromic TA gene. Our data also suggest potential multilocus genomic variation, or mutational burden, in a single family, involving the BCOR and WNT10A loci, underscoring the complexity of the genotype-phenotype relationship in the common complex trait of TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqian Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nuriye Dinckan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet Cad., Capa, Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yeliz Guven
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Aktoren
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koc University, School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lauren E Petty
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBSB Room 4210, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Z Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet Cad., Capa, Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lincoln V, Cogan J, Hou Y, Hirsch M, Hao M, Alexeev V, De Luca M, De Rosa L, Bauer JW, Woodley DT, Chen M. Gentamicin induces LAMB3 nonsense mutation readthrough and restores functional laminin 332 in junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6536-E6545. [PMID: 29946029 PMCID: PMC6048497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803154115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (H-JEB) is an incurable, devastating, and mostly fatal inherited skin disease for which there is only supportive care. H-JEB is caused by loss-of-function mutations in LAMA3, LAMB3, or LAMC2, leading to complete loss of laminin 332, the major component of anchoring filaments, which mediate epidermal-dermal adherence. LAMB3 (laminin β3) mutations account for 80% of patients with H-JEB, and ∼95% of H-JEB-associated LAMB3 mutations are nonsense mutations leading to premature termination codons (PTCs). In this study, we evaluated the ability of gentamicin to induce PTC readthrough in H-JEB laminin β3-null keratinocytes transfected with expression vectors encoding eight different LAMB3 nonsense mutations. We found that gentamicin induced PTC readthrough in all eight nonsense mutations tested. We next used lentiviral vectors to generate stably transduced H-JEB cells with the R635X and C290X nonsense mutations. Incubation of these cell lines with various concentrations of gentamicin resulted in the synthesis and secretion of full-length laminin β3 in a dose-dependent and sustained manner. Importantly, the gentamicin-induced laminin β3 led to the restoration of laminin 332 assembly, secretion, and deposition within the dermal/epidermal junction, as well as proper polarization of α6β4 integrin in basal keratinocytes, as assessed by immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescent microscopy, and an in vitro 3D skin equivalent model. Finally, newly restored laminin 332 corrected the abnormal cellular phenotype of H-JEB cells by reversing abnormal cell morphology, poor growth potential, poor cell-substratum adhesion, and hypermotility. Therefore, gentamicin may offer a therapy for H-JEB and other inherited skin diseases caused by PTC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Lincoln
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Jon Cogan
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Yingping Hou
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Michaela Hirsch
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Michelle Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Vitali Alexeev
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura De Rosa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- EB House Austria and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - David T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
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45
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Berg SA, Chu EY. SnapshotDx Quiz: July 2018. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:e47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Condorelli AG, Fortugno P, Cianfarani F, Proto V, Di Zenzo G, Didona B, Zambruno G, Castiglia D. Lack of K140 immunoreactivity in junctional epidermolysis bullosa skin and keratinocytes associates with misfolded laminin epidermal growth factor-like motif 2 of the β3 short arm. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1416-1422. [PMID: 28561256 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recessive mutations in the LAMA3, LAMB3 and LAMC2 genes that encode laminin-332 (LM332) (α3a, β3 and γ2 chains, respectively) cause different junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) subtypes. Biallelic truncating mutations in any of these three genes usually lead to lack of protein expression resulting in the severe generalized JEB subtype, while missense or splice-site mutations in at least one allele lead to reduced expression typical of JEB generalized intermediate (JEB-gen intermed) or localized. Here, we molecularly characterized an adult patient with JEB showing negative skin staining for the anti-β3 chain monoclonal antibody K140. This antibody recognizes an as yet unidentified epitope within the laminin β3 short arm. The patient harbours a homozygous splice-site mutation resulting in highly aberrant transcripts with partial skipping of the LAMB3 exon that encodes the laminin epidermal growth factor-like motif 2 of the β3 short arm (β3-LE2). At the protein level, mutation consequences predict a misfolded β3-LE2 motif and, indeed, we found that LM332 is correctly assembled but retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it colocalizes with the lumenal ER chaperone protein BiP, leading to dramatically reduced secretion. Lack of K140 reactivity to mutant LM332 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses. Our findings not only identify the β3-LE2 subdomain as the region recognized by K140, but also show that misfolding of LM332 structural motifs and subsequent protein retention in the ER is a common pathomechanism in JEB-gen intermed. In addition to its usefulness in antigen mapping diagnosis of JEB subtypes, this knowledge is relevant to the design of therapeutic strategies aimed at releasing ER-retained LM332 in JEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Condorelli
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - P Fortugno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology
| | | | - V Proto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology
| | - G Di Zenzo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology
| | - B Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta, , 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - G Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
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47
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Piperigkou Z, Götte M, Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Insights into the key roles of epigenetics in matrix macromolecules-associated wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:16-36. [PMID: 29079535 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic network of macromolecules, playing a regulatory role in cell functions, tissue regeneration and remodeling. Wound healing is a tissue repair process necessary for the maintenance of the functionality of tissues and organs. This highly orchestrated process is divided into four temporally overlapping phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. The dynamic interplay between ECM and resident cells exerts its critical role in many aspects of wound healing, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, matrix degradation and biosynthesis. Several epigenetic regulatory factors, such as the endogenous non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), are the drivers of the wound healing response. microRNAs have pivotal roles in regulating ECM composition during wound healing and dermal regeneration. Their expression is associated with the distinct phases of wound healing and they serve as target biomarkers and targets for systematic regulation of wound repair. In this article we critically present the importance of epigenetics with particular emphasis on miRNAs regulating ECM components (i.e. glycoproteins, proteoglycans and matrix proteases) that are key players in wound healing. The clinical relevance of miRNA targeting as well as the delivery strategies designed for clinical applications are also presented and discussed.
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48
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Peking P, Koller U, Murauer EM. Functional therapies for cutaneous wound repair in epidermolysis bullosa. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:330-343. [PMID: 29248480 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounding as a result of recurrent skin blistering in the painful genetic skin disease epidermolysis bullosa, may lead to life-threatening infections, increased risk of tumor formation, and other serious medical complications. Therefore, epidermolysis bullosa patients have an urgent need for optimal wound care and tissue regeneration. Therapeutic strategies using gene-, protein-, and cell-therapies are being developed to improve clinical symptoms, and some of them have already been investigated in early clinical trials. The most favorable options of functional therapies include gene replacement, gene editing, RNA targeting, and harnessing natural gene therapy. This review describes the current progress of the different approaches targeting autologous skin cells, and will discuss the benefits and challenges of their application.
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49
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Okada H, Yamada M, Kamimoto K, Kok CYY, Kaneko K, Ema M, Miyajima A, Itoh T. The transcription factor Klf5 is essential for intrahepatic biliary epithelial tissue remodeling after cholestatic liver injury. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29523685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under various conditions of liver injury, the intrahepatic biliary epithelium undergoes dynamic tissue expansion and remodeling, a process known as ductular reaction. Mouse models defective in inducing such a tissue-remodeling process are more susceptible to liver injury, suggesting a crucial role of this process in liver regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the biliary epithelial cell (BEC) dynamics in the ductular reaction remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) is highly enriched in mouse liver BECs and plays a key role in regulating the ductular reaction, specifically under cholestatic injury conditions. Although mice lacking Klf5 in the entire liver epithelium, including both hepatocytes and BECs (Klf5-LKO (liver epithelial-specific knockout) mice), did not exhibit any apparent phenotype in the hepatobiliary system under normal conditions, they exhibited significant defects in biliary epithelial tissue remodeling upon 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-induced cholangitis, concomitantly with exacerbated cholestasis and reduced survival rate. In contrast, mice lacking Klf5 solely in hepatocytes did not exhibit any such phenotypes, confirming Klf5's specific role in BECs. RNA-sequencing analyses of BECs isolated from the Klf5-LKO mouse livers revealed that the Klf5 deficiency primarily affected expression of cell cycle-related genes. Moreover, immunostaining analysis with the proliferation marker Ki67 disclosed that the Klf5-LKO mice had significantly reduced BEC proliferation levels upon injury. These results indicate that Klf5 plays a critical role in the ductular reaction and biliary epithelial tissue expansion and remodeling by inducing BEC proliferation and thereby contributing to liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Okada
- From the Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 and
| | - Minami Yamada
- From the Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 and
| | - Kenji Kamimoto
- From the Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 and
| | - Cindy Yuet-Yin Kok
- From the Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 and
| | - Kota Kaneko
- From the Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 and
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- the Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- From the Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 and
| | - Tohru Itoh
- From the Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 and
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50
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Lucky AW, Dagaonkar N, Lammers K, Husami A, Kissell D, Zhang K. A comprehensive next-generation sequencing assay for the diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:188-197. [PMID: 29334134 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa has required skin biopsies for electron microscopy, direct immunofluorescence to determine which gene(s) to choose for genetic testing, or both. METHODS To avoid these invasive tests, we developed a high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based diagnostic assay called EBSEQ that allows simultaneous detection of mutations in 21 genes with known roles in epidermolysis bullosa pathogenicity. Mutations are confirmed with traditional Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We present our EBSEQ assay and preliminary studies on the first 43 subjects tested. We identified 11 cases of epidermolysis bullosa simplex, five cases of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, 11 cases of dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, 15 cases of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, and one case that remains without diagnosis. We also found an additional 52 variants of uncertain clinical significance in 17 of the 21 epidermolysis bullosa-associated genes tested. Three of the variants of uncertain clinical significance were also found in three other patients, for a total of 49 unique variants of uncertain clinical significance. We found the clinical sensitivity of the assay to be 75% to 98% and the analytical sensitivity to be 99% in identifying base substitutions and small deletions and duplications. Turnaround time was 3 to 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS EBSEQ is a sensitive, relatively rapid, minimally invasive, comprehensive genetic assay for the diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne W Lucky
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children's Epidermolysis Bullosa Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Neha Dagaonkar
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karen Lammers
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children's Epidermolysis Bullosa Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ammar Husami
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Diane Kissell
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kejian Zhang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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