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Rocca C, Soda T, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Moccia F, Viglietto G, Angelone T, Amodio N. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the crossroad of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 37726810 PMCID: PMC10507834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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2
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Jiang S, Yu J, Zhu M, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Hu Q, Lv M. Gambogic acid inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells through upregulation of
SIRT1
expression in vitro. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐ye Jiang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Scientific Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Scientific Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiao‐mei Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yuan‐ying Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Surgery The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Surgery The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Min Lv
- Department of Scientific Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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Velarde F, Ezquerra S, Delbruyere X, Caicedo A, Hidalgo Y, Khoury M. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated transfer of mitochondria: mechanisms and functional impact. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:177. [PMID: 35247083 PMCID: PMC11073024 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a steadily growing interest in the use of mitochondria as therapeutic agents. The use of mitochondria derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for therapeutic purposes represents an innovative approach to treat many diseases (immune deregulation, inflammation-related disorders, wound healing, ischemic events, and aging) with an increasing amount of promising evidence, ranging from preclinical to clinical research. Furthermore, the eventual reversal, induced by the intercellular mitochondrial transfer, of the metabolic and pro-inflammatory profile, opens new avenues to the understanding of diseases' etiology, their relation to both systemic and local risk factors, and also leads to new therapeutic tools for the control of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. To this end, we illustrate in this review, the triggers and mechanisms behind the transfer of mitochondria employed by MSCs and the underlying benefits as well as the possible adverse effects of MSCs mitochondrial exchange. We relay the rationale and opportunities for the use of these organelles in the clinic as cell-based product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Velarde
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah Ezquerra
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Delbruyere
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maroun Khoury
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Yoshimura K, Tsujikawa T, Mitsuda J, Ogi H, Saburi S, Ohmura G, Arai A, Shibata S, Thibault G, Chang YH, Clayburgh DR, Yasukawa S, Miyagawa-Hayashino A, Konishi E, Itoh K, Coussens LM, Hirano S. Spatial Profiles of Intratumoral PD-1 + Helper T Cells Predict Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:769534. [PMID: 34777389 PMCID: PMC8581667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional interactions between immune cells and neoplastic cells in the tumor immune microenvironment have been actively pursued for both biomarker discovery for patient stratification, as well as therapeutic anti-cancer targets to improve clinical outcomes. Although accumulating evidence indicates that intratumoral infiltration of immune cells has prognostic significance, limited information is available on the spatial infiltration patterns of immune cells within intratumoral regions. This study aimed to understand the intratumoral heterogeneity and spatial distribution of immune cell infiltrates associated with cell phenotypes and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods A total of 88 specimens of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, categorized into discovery (n = 38) and validation cohorts (n = 51), were analyzed for immune contexture by multiplexed immunohistochemistry (IHC) and image cytometry-based quantification. Tissue segmentation was performed according to a mathematical morphological approach using neoplastic cell IHC images to dissect intratumoral regions into tumor cell nests versus intratumoral stroma. Results Tissue segmentation revealed heterogeneity in intratumoral T cells, varying from tumor cell nest-polarized to intratumoral stroma-polarized distributions. Leukocyte composition analysis revealed higher ratios of TH1/TH2 in tumor cell nests with higher percentages of helper T cells, B cells, and CD66b+ granulocytes within intratumoral stroma. A discovery and validation approach revealed a high density of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)+ helper T cells in tumor cell nests as a negative prognostic factor for short overall survival. CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) provided the strongest correlation with PD-1+ helper T cells, and cases with a high density of PD-1+ helper T cells and CD163+ TAM had a significantly shorter overall survival than other cases. Conclusion This study reveals the significance of analyzing intratumoral cell nests and reports that an immune microenvironment with a high density of PD-1+ helper T cells in tumoral cell nests is a poor prognostic factor for HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Female
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Yoshimura
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Junichi Mitsuda
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogi
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Saburi
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gaku Ohmura
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihito Arai
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel R. Clayburgh
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Satoru Yasukawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Miyagawa-Hayashino
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Kuznetsov AV, Javadov S, Margreiter R, Grimm M, Hagenbuchner J, Ausserlechner MJ. Structural and functional remodeling of mitochondria as an adaptive response to energy deprivation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148393. [PMID: 33549532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells bioenergetics is more dependent on glycolysis than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, a phenomenon known as the Warburg Effect. It has been proposed that inhibition of glycolysis may selectively affect cancer cells. However, the effects of glycolysis inhibition on mitochondrial function and structure in cancer cells are not completely understood. Here, we investigated the comparative effects of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG, a glucose analogue, which suppresses cellular glycolysis) on cellular bioenergetics in human colon cancer DLD-1 cells, smooth muscle cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and HL-1 cardiomyocytes. In all cells, 2-DG treatment resulted in significant ATP depletion, however, the cell viability remained unchanged. Also, we did not observe the synergistic effects of 2-DG with anticancer drugs doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. Instead, after 2-DG treatment and ATP depletion, mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential were significantly enhanced and mitochondrial morphology changed in the direction of more network organization. Analysis of protein expression demonstrated that 2-DG treatment induced an activation of AMPK (elevated pAMPK/AMPK ratio), increased mitochondrial fusion (mitofusins 1 and 2) and decreased fission (Drp1) proteins. In conclusion, this study suggests a strong link between respiratory function and structural organization of mitochondria in the cell. We propose that the functionality of the mitochondrial network is enhanced compared to disconnected mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
| | - Raimund Margreiter
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michael Grimm
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Judith Hagenbuchner
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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6
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Schank M, Zhao J, Wang L, Li Z, Cao D, Nguyen LN, Dang X, Khanal S, Nguyen LNT, Thakuri BKC, Ogbu SC, Lu Z, Zhang J, Wu XY, Morrison ZD, El Gazzar M, Ning S, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Telomeric injury by KML001 in human T cells induces mitochondrial dysfunction through the p53-PGC-1α pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1030. [PMID: 33268822 PMCID: PMC7710715 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Telomere erosion and mitochondrial dysfunction are prominent features of aging cells with progressive declines of cellular functions. Whether telomere injury induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human T lymphocytes, the major component of adaptive host immunity against infection and malignancy, remains unclear. We have recently shown that disruption of telomere integrity by KML001, a telomere-targeting drug, induces T cell senescence and apoptosis via the telomeric DNA damage response (DDR). In this study, we used KML001 to further investigate the role and mechanism of telomere injury in mitochondrial dysregulation in aging T cells. We demonstrate that targeting telomeres by KML001 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by increased mitochondrial swelling and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial DNA content, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen consumption, glycolysis, and ATP energy production. Mechanistically, we found that the KML001-induced telomeric DDR activated p53 signaling, which in turn repressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), leading to T cell mitochondrial dysfunction. These results, forging a direct link between telomeric and mitochondrial biology, shed new light on the human T cell aging network, and demonstrate that the p53-PGC-1α-NRF-1 axis contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in the setting of telomeric DDR. This study suggests that targeting this axis may offer an alternative, novel approach to prevent telomere damage-mediated mitochondrial and T cell dysfunctions to combat a wide range of immune aging-associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Zhengke Li
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Lam Nhat Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Lam Ngoc Thao Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Bal Krishna Chand Thakuri
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Stella C Ogbu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Xiao Y Wu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Zheng D Morrison
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Jonathan P Moorman
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Zhi Q Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
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7
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Vadlakonda L, Indracanti M, Kalangi SK, Gayatri BM, Naidu NG, Reddy ABM. The Role of Pi, Glutamine and the Essential Amino Acids in Modulating the Metabolism in Diabetes and Cancer. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1731-1775. [PMID: 33520860 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Re-examine the current metabolic models. Methods Review of literature and gene networks. Results Insulin activates Pi uptake, glutamine metabolism to stabilise lipid membranes. Tissue turnover maintains the metabolic health. Current model of intermediary metabolism (IM) suggests glucose is the source of energy, and anaplerotic entry of fatty acids and amino acids into mitochondria increases the oxidative capacity of the TCA cycle to produce the energy (ATP). The reduced cofactors, NADH and FADH2, have different roles in regulating the oxidation of nutrients, membrane potentials and biosynthesis. Trans-hydrogenation of NADH to NADPH activates the biosynthesis. FADH2 sustains the membrane potential during the cell transformations. Glycolytic enzymes assume the non-canonical moonlighting functions, enter the nucleus to remodel the genetic programmes to affect the tissue turnover for efficient use of nutrients. Glycosylation of the CD98 (4F2HC) stabilises the nutrient transporters and regulates the entry of cysteine, glutamine and BCAA into the cells. A reciprocal relationship between the leucine and glutamine entry into cells regulates the cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis and homeostasis in cells. Insulin promotes the Pi transport from the blood to tissues, activates the mitochondrial respiratory activity, and glutamine metabolism, which activates the synthesis of cholesterol and the de novo fatty acids for reorganising and stabilising the lipid membranes for nutrient transport and signal transduction in response to fluctuations in the microenvironmental cues. Fatty acids provide the lipid metabolites, activate the second messengers and protein kinases. Insulin resistance suppresses the lipid raft formation and the mitotic slippage activates the fibrosis and slow death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Indracanti
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Suresh K Kalangi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Pachgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, HR 122413 India
| | - B Meher Gayatri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Navya G Naidu
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Aramati B M Reddy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
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8
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Fiorillo M, Tóth F, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Doxycycline, Azithromycin and Vitamin C (DAV): A potent combination therapy for targeting mitochondria and eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs). Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2202-2216. [PMID: 31002656 PMCID: PMC6520007 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we devised a new strategy for eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs), via a “synthetic-metabolic” approach, involving two FDA-approved antibiotics and a dietary vitamin supplement. This approach was designed to induce a “rho-zero-like” phenotype in cancer cells. This strategy effectively results in the synergistic eradication of CSCs, using vanishingly small quantities of two antibiotics. The 2 metabolic targets are i) the large mitochondrial ribosome and ii) the small mitochondrial ribosome. Azithromycin inhibits the large mitochondrial ribosome as an off-target side-effect. In addition, Doxycycline inhibits the small mitochondrial ribosome as an off-target side-effect. Vitamin C acts as a mild pro-oxidant, which can produce free radicals and, as a consequence, induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Remarkably, treatment with a combination of Doxycycline (1 μM), Azithromycin (1 μM) plus Vitamin C (250 μM) very potently inhibited CSC propagation by >90%, using the MCF7 ER(+) breast cancer cell line as a model system. The strong inhibitory effects of this DAV triple combination therapy on mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production were directly validated using metabolic flux analysis. Therefore, the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis due to mild oxidative stress, coupled with inhibition of mitochondrial protein translation, may be a new promising therapeutic anti-cancer strategy. Consistent with these assertions, Vitamin C is known to be highly concentrated within mitochondria, by a specific transporter, namely SVCT2, in a sodium-coupled manner. Also, the concentrations of antibiotics used here represent sub-antimicrobial levels of Doxycycline and Azithromycin, thereby avoiding the potential problems associated with antibiotic resistance. Finally, we also discuss possible implications for improving health-span and life-span, as Azithromycin is an anti-aging drug that behaves as a senolytic, which selectively kills and removes senescent fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiorillo
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.,The Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Fanni Tóth
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
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9
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Bidram E, Esmaeili Y, Ranji-Burachaloo H, Al-Zaubai N, Zarrabi A, Stewart A, Dunstan DE. A concise review on cancer treatment methods and delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Lecarpentier Y, Schussler O, Hébert JL, Vallée A. Multiple Targets of the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Signaling in Cancers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1248. [PMID: 31803621 PMCID: PMC6876670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling is involved in most of the mechanisms that lead to the formation and development of cancer cells. It plays a central role in three cyclic processes, which are the cell division cycle, the immune cycle, and circadian rhythms. When the canonical WNT pathway is upregulated as in cancers, the increase in β-catenin in the nucleus leads to activation of the expression of numerous genes, in particular CYCLIN D1 and cMYC, where the former influences the G1 phase of the cell division cycle, and the latter, the S phase. Every stage of the immune cycle is disrupted by the canonical WNT signaling. In numerous cancers, the dysfunction of the canonical WNT pathway is accompanied by alterations of the circadian genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER). Induction of these cyclic phenomena leads to the genesis of thermodynamic mechanisms that operate far from equilibrium, and that have been called “dissipative structures.” Moreover, upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling is important in the myofibroblasts of the cancer stroma. Their differentiation is controlled by the canonical WNT /TGF-β1 signaling. Myofibroblasts present ultraslow contractile properties due to the presence of the non-muscle myosin IIA. Myofibroblats also play a role in the inflammatory processes, often found in cancers and fibrosis processes. Finally, upregulated canonical WNT deviates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation toward the Warburg glycolysis metabolism, which is characteristic of cancers. Among all these cancer-generating mechanisms, the upregulated canonical WNT pathway would appear to offer the best hope as a therapeutic target, particularly in the field of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Hébert
- Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,DACTIM-MIS, LMA, UMR CNRS 7348, CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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11
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Regulation of differential proton-coupled folate transporter gene expression in human tumors: transactivation by KLF15 with NRF-1 and the role of Sp1. Biochem J 2019; 476:1247-1266. [PMID: 30914440 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumors can be therapeutically targeted with novel antifolates (e.g. AGF94) that are selectively transported by the human proton-coupled folate transporter (hPCFT). Studies were performed to determine the transcription regulation of hPCFT in tumors and identify possible mechanisms that contribute to the highly disparate levels of hPCFT in HepG2 versus HT1080 tumor cells. Transfection of hPCFT-null HT1080 cells with hPCFT restored transport and sensitivity to AGF94 Progressive deletions of the hPCFT promoter construct (-2005 to +96) and reporter gene assays in HepG2 and HT1080 cells confirmed differences in hPCFT transactivation and localized a minimal promoter to between positions -50 and +96. The minimal promoter included KLF15, GC-Box and NRF-1 cis-binding elements whose functional importance was confirmed by promoter deletions and mutations of core consensus sequences and reporter gene assays. In HepG2 cells, NRF-1, KLF15 and Sp1 transcripts were increased over HT1080 cells by ∼5.1-, ∼44-, and ∼2.4-fold, respectively. In Drosophila SL2 cells, transfection with KLF15 and NRF-1 synergistically activated the hPCFT promoter; Sp1 was modestly activating or inhibitory. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and supershifts confirmed differential binding of KLF15, Sp1, and NRF-1 to the hPCFT promoter in HepG2 and HT1080 cells that paralleled hPCFT levels. Treatment of HT1080 nuclear extracts (NE) with protein kinase A increased Sp1 binding to its consensus sequence by EMSA, suggesting a role for Sp1 phosphorylation in regulating hPCFT transcription. A better understanding of determinants of hPCFT transcriptional control may identify new therapeutic strategies for cancer by modulating hPCFT levels in combination with hPCFT-targeted antifolates.
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12
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NRF1 motif sequence-enriched genes involved in ER/PR −ve HER2 +ve breast cancer signaling pathways. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:469-485. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Diedrich JD, Herroon MK, Rajagurubandara E, Podgorski I. The Lipid Side of Bone Marrow Adipocytes: How Tumor Cells Adapt and Survive in Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:443-457. [PMID: 29869753 PMCID: PMC6853185 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow adipocytes have emerged in recent years as key contributors to metastatic progression in bone. In this review, we focus specifically on their role as the suppliers of lipids and discuss pro-survival pathways that are closely linked to lipid metabolism, affected by the adipocyte-tumor cell interactions, and likely impacting the ability of the tumor cell to thrive in bone marrow space and evade therapy. RECENT FINDINGS The combined in silico, pre-clinical, and clinical evidence shows that in adipocyte-rich tissues such as bone marrow, tumor cells rely on exogenous lipids for regulation of cellular energetics and adaptation to harsh metabolic conditions of the metastatic niche. Adipocyte-supplied lipids have a potential to alter the cell's metabolic decisions by regulating glycolysis and respiration, fatty acid oxidation, lipid desaturation, and PPAR signaling. The downstream effects of lipid signaling on mitochondrial homeostasis ultimately control life vs. death decisions, providing a mechanism for gaining survival advantage and reduced sensitivity to treatment. There is a need for future research directed towards identifying the key metabolic and signaling pathways that regulate tumor dependence on exogenous lipids and consequently drive the pro-survival behavior in the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mackenzie K Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Erandi Rajagurubandara
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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14
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A SIRT1-centered circuitry regulates breast cancer stemness and metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 37:6299-6315. [PMID: 30038266 PMCID: PMC6283862 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC)-dictated intratumor heterogeneity accounts for the majority of drug-resistance and distant metastases of breast cancers. Here, we identify a SIRT1-PRRX1-KLF4-ALDH1 circuitry, which couples CSCs, chemo-resistance, metastasis and aging. Pro-longevity protein SIRT1 deacetylates and stabilizes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) inducer PRRX1, which inhibits the transcription of core stemness factor KLF4. Loss of SIRT1 destabilizes PRRX1, disinhibits KLF4, and activates the transcription of ALDH1, which induces and functionally marks CSCs, resulting in chemo-resistance and metastatic relapse. Clinically, the level of PRRX1 is positively linked to SIRT1, whereas KLF4 is reversely correlated. Importantly, KLF4 inhibitor Kenpaullone sensitizes breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors to Paclitaxel and improves therapeutic effects. Our findings delineate a SIRT1-centered circuitry that regulates CSC origination, and targeting this pathway might be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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15
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PGC1α: Friend or Foe in Cancer? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010048. [PMID: 29361779 PMCID: PMC5793199 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PGC1 family (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivators) of transcriptional coactivators are considered master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The PGC1α isoform is expressed especially in metabolically active tissues, such as the liver, kidneys and brain, and responds to energy-demanding situations. Given the altered and highly adaptable metabolism of tumor cells, it is of interest to investigate PGC1α in cancer. Both high and low levels of PGC1α expression have been reported to be associated with cancer and worse prognosis, and PGC1α has been attributed with oncogenic as well as tumor suppressive features. Early in carcinogenesis PGC1α may be downregulated due to a protective anticancer role, and low levels likely reflect a glycolytic phenotype. We suggest mechanisms of PGC1α downregulation and how these might be connected to the increased cancer risk that obesity is now known to entail. Later in tumor progression PGC1α is often upregulated and is reported to contribute to increased lipid and fatty acid metabolism and/or a tumor cell phenotype with an overall metabolic plasticity that likely supports drug resistance as well as metastasis. We conclude that in cancer PGC1α is neither friend nor foe, but rather the obedient servant reacting to metabolic and environmental cues to benefit the tumor cell.
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16
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Ujvari B, Papenfuss AT, Belov K. Transmissible cancers in an evolutionary context. Bioessays 2017; 38 Suppl 1:S14-23. [PMID: 27417118 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201670904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an evolutionary and ecological process in which complex interactions between tumour cells and their environment share many similarities with organismal evolution. Tumour cells with highest adaptive potential have a selective advantage over less fit cells. Naturally occurring transmissible cancers provide an ideal model system for investigating the evolutionary arms race between cancer cells and their surrounding micro-environment and macro-environment. However, the evolutionary landscapes in which contagious cancers reside have not been subjected to comprehensive investigation. Here, we provide a multifocal analysis of transmissible tumour progression and discuss the selection forces that shape it. We demonstrate that transmissible cancers adapt to both their micro-environment and macro-environment, and evolutionary theories applied to organisms are also relevant to these unique diseases. The three naturally occurring transmissible cancers, canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) and Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) and the recently discovered clam leukaemia, exhibit different evolutionary phases: (i) CTVT, the oldest naturally occurring cell line is remarkably stable; (ii) DFTD exhibits the signs of stepwise cancer evolution; and (iii) clam leukaemia shows genetic instability. While all three contagious cancers carry the signature of ongoing and fairly recent adaptations to selective forces, CTVT appears to have reached an evolutionary stalemate with its host, while DFTD and the clam leukaemia appear to be still at a more dynamic phase of their evolution. Parallel investigation of contagious cancer genomes and transcriptomes and of their micro-environment and macro-environment could shed light on the selective forces shaping tumour development at different time points: during the progressive phase and at the endpoint. A greater understanding of transmissible cancers from an evolutionary ecology perspective will provide novel avenues for the prevention and treatment of both contagious and non-communicable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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17
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Takiuchi Y, Kobayashi M, Tada K, Iwai F, Sakurada M, Hirabayashi S, Nagata K, Shirakawa K, Shindo K, Yasunaga JI, Murakawa Y, Rajapakse V, Pommier Y, Matsuoka M, Takaori-Kondo A. HTLV-1 bZIP factor suppresses TDP1 expression through inhibition of NRF-1 in adult T-cell leukemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12849. [PMID: 28993637 PMCID: PMC5634466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). We recently reported that abacavir, an anti-HIV-1 drug, potently and selectively kills ATL cells. This effect was attributed to the reduced expression of tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1), a DNA repair enzyme, in ATL cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the downregulation of TDP1 in ATL cells remains elusive. Here we identified the core promoter of the TDP1 gene, which contains a conserved nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) binding site. Overexpression of NRF-1 increased TDP1-promoter activity, whereas the introduction of dominant-negative NRF-1 repressed such activity. Overexpression of NRF-1 also upregulated endogenous TDP-1 expression, while introduction of shNRF-1 suppressed TDP1 in Jurkat T cells, making them susceptible to abacavir. These results indicate that NRF-1 is a positive transcriptional regulator of TDP1-gene expression. Importantly, we revealed that HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) protein which is expressed in all ATL cases physically interacts with NRF-1 and inhibits the DNA-binding ability of NRF-1. Taken together, HBZ suppresses TDP1 expression by inhibiting NRF-1 function in ATL cells. The HBZ/NRF-1/TDP1 axis provides new therapeutic targets against ATL and might explain genomic instability leading to the pathogenesis of ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takiuchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kohei Tada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumie Iwai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Maki Sakurada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hirabayashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kayoko Nagata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shindo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichirou Yasunaga
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Vinodh Rajapakse
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 5068, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 5068, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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18
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Kwon Y, Natori Y, Tanokura M. New approach to generating insights for aging research based on literature mining and knowledge integration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183534. [PMID: 28817730 PMCID: PMC5560588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of the elderly population in most countries worldwide is increasing dramatically. Therefore, social interest in the fields of health, longevity, and anti-aging has been increasing as well. However, the basic research results obtained from a reductionist approach in biology and a bioinformatic approach in genome science have limited usefulness for generating insights on future health, longevity, and anti-aging-related research on a case by case basis. We propose a new approach that uses our literature mining technique and bioinformatics, which lead to a better perspective on research trends by providing an expanded knowledge base to work from. We demonstrate that our approach provides useful information that deepens insights on future trends which differs from data obtained conventionally, and this methodology is already paving the way for a new field in aging-related research based on literature mining. One compelling example of this is how our new approach can be a useful tool in drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeondae Kwon
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukikazu Natori
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Fu Y, Liu S, Yin S, Niu W, Xiong W, Tan M, Li G, Zhou M. The reverse Warburg effect is likely to be an Achilles' heel of cancer that can be exploited for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57813-57825. [PMID: 28915713 PMCID: PMC5593685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although survival outcomes of cancer patients have been improved dramatically via conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy over the last decades, there are still some tough clinical challenges that badly needs to be overcome, such as anticancer drug resistance, inevitable recurrences, cancer progression and metastasis. Simultaneously, accumulated evidence demonstrates that aberrant glucose metabolism termed ‘the Warburg effect’ in cancer cell is closely associated with malignant phenotypes. In 2009, a novel ‘two-compartment metabolic coupling’ model, also named ‘the reverse Warburg effect’, was proposed and attracted lots of attention. Based on this new model, we consider whether this new viewpoint can be exploited for improving the existent anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Our review focuses on the paradigm shift from ‘the Warburg effect’ to ‘the reverse Warburg effect’, the features and molecular mechanisms of ‘the reverse Warburg effect’, and then we discuss its significance in fundamental researches and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Medical School of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Medical School of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Shanghelin Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Medical School of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China
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20
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Radde BN, Ivanova MM, Mai HX, Alizadeh-Rad N, Piell K, Van Hoose P, Cole MP, Muluhngwi P, Kalbfleisch TS, Rouchka EC, Hill BG, Klinge CM. Nuclear respiratory factor-1 and bioenergetics in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:222-231. [PMID: 27515002 PMCID: PMC5011039 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acquired tamoxifen (TAM) resistance is a significant clinical problem in treating patients with estrogen receptor α (ERα)+ breast cancer. We reported that ERα increases nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), which regulates nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene transcription, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and NRF-1 knockdown stimulates apoptosis. Whether NRF-1 and target gene expression is altered in endocrine resistant breast cancer cells is unknown. We measured NRF-1and metabolic features in a cell model of progressive TAM-resistance. NRF-1 and its target mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were higher in TAM-resistant LCC2 and LCC9 cells than TAM-sensitive MCF-7 cells. Using extracellular flux assays we observed that LCC1, LCC2, and LCC9 cells showed similar oxygen consumption rate (OCR), but lower mitochondrial reserve capacity which was correlated with lower Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex, Subunit B in LCC1 and LCC2 cells. Complex III activity was lower in LCC9 than MCF-7 cells. LCC1, LCC2, and LCC9 cells had higher basal extracellular acidification (ECAR), indicating higher aerobic glycolysis, relative to MCF-7 cells. Mitochondrial bioenergetic responses to estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen were reduced in the endocrine-resistant cells compared to MCF-7 cells. These results suggest the acquisition of altered metabolic phenotypes in response to long term antiestrogen treatment may increase vulnerability to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie N Radde
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Huy Xuan Mai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Negin Alizadeh-Rad
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Kellianne Piell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Patrick Van Hoose
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Penn Muluhngwi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ted S Kalbfleisch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Bioinformatics and Biomedical Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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21
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Arts RJW, Plantinga TS, Tuit S, Ulas T, Heinhuis B, Tesselaar M, Sloot Y, Adema GJ, Joosten LAB, Smit JWA, Netea MG, Schultze JL, Netea-Maier RT. Transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming induce an inflammatory phenotype in non-medullary thyroid carcinoma-induced macrophages. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1229725. [PMID: 28123869 PMCID: PMC5213309 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1229725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment in non-medullary thyroid cancer (TC), the most common endocrine malignancy. However, little is known regarding the regulation of their function in TC. Transcriptome analysis in a model of TC-induced macrophages identified increased inflammatory characteristics and rewiring of cell metabolism as key functional changes. This functional reprogramming was partly mediated by TC-derived lactate that induced upregulation of cytokine production through an AKT1/mTOR-dependent increase in aerobic glycolysis. This led to epigenetic modifications at the level of histone methylation, and subsequently long-term functional changes. Immunohistochemistry assessment validated the increase in glycolysis enzymes and lactate receptor in TAMs in tissue samples from patients with TC. In conclusion, Akt/mTOR-dependent glycolysis mediates TC-induced reprogramming of TAMs and inflammation, and this may represent a novel therapeutic target in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J W Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo S Plantinga
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Tuit
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Bas Heinhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marika Tesselaar
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette Sloot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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22
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Lou Y, Chen Y. Simulating the multicellular homeostasis with a cell-based discrete receptor dynamics model: The non-mutational origin of cancer and aging. J Theor Biol 2016; 404:15-29. [PMID: 27196967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to investigate the multicellular homeostasis in epithelial tissues over very large timescales. Inspired by the receptor dynamics of IBCell model proposed by Rejniak et al. an on-grid agent-based model for multicellular system is constructed. Instead of observing the multicellular architectural morphologies, the diversity of homeostatic states is quantitatively analyzed through a substantial number of simulations by measuring three new order parameters, the phenotypic population structure, the average proliferation age and the relaxation time to stable homeostasis. Nearby the interfaces of distinct homeostatic phases in 3D phase diagrams of the three order parameters, intermediate quasi-stable phases of slow dynamics that features quasi-stability with a large spectrum of relaxation timescales are found. A further exploration on the static and dynamic correlations among the three order parameters reveals that the quasi-stable phases evolve towards two terminations, tumorigenesis and degeneration, which are respectively accompanied by rejuvenation and aging. With the exclusion of the environmental impact and the mutational strategies, the results imply that cancer and aging may share the non-mutational origin in the intrinsic slow dynamics of the multicellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lou
- SCS Lab, Department of Human Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Chen
- SCS Lab, Department of Human Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Peiris-Pagès M, Smith DL, Győrffy B, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Proteomic identification of prognostic tumour biomarkers, using chemotherapy-induced cancer-associated fibroblasts. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:816-38. [PMID: 26539730 PMCID: PMC4637208 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells grow in highly complex stromal microenvironments, which through metabolic remodelling, catabolism, autophagy and inflammation nurture them and are able to facilitate metastasis and resistance to therapy. However, these changes in the metabolic profile of stromal cancer-associated fibroblasts and their impact on cancer initiation, progression and metastasis are not well-known. This is the first study to provide a comprehensive proteomic portrait of the azathioprine and taxol-induced catabolic state on human stromal fibroblasts, which comprises changes in the expression of metabolic enzymes, myofibroblastic differentiation markers, antioxidants, proteins involved in autophagy, senescence, vesicle trafficking and protein degradation, and inducers of inflammation. Interestingly, many of these features are major contributors to the aging process. A catabolic stroma signature, generated with proteins found differentially up-regulated in taxol-treated fibroblasts, strikingly correlates with recurrence, metastasis and poor patient survival in several solid malignancies. We therefore suggest the inhibition of the catabolic state in healthy cells as a novel approach to improve current chemotherapy efficacies and possibly avoid future carcinogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peiris-Pagès
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Duncan L Smith
- The Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Federica Sotgia
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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24
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Shafi AA, Putluri V, Arnold JM, Tsouko E, Maity S, Roberts JM, Coarfa C, Frigo DE, Putluri N, Sreekumar A, Weigel NL. Differential regulation of metabolic pathways by androgen receptor (AR) and its constitutively active splice variant, AR-V7, in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31997-2012. [PMID: 26378018 PMCID: PMC4741655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is primarily an androgen-dependent disease, which is treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Tumors usually develop resistance (castration-resistant PCa [CRPC]), but remain androgen receptor (AR) dependent. Numerous mechanisms for AR-dependent resistance have been identified including expression of constitutively active AR splice variants lacking the hormone-binding domain. Recent clinical studies show that expression of the best-characterized AR variant, AR-V7, correlates with resistance to ADT and poor outcome. Whether AR-V7 is simply a constitutively active substitute for AR or has novel gene targets that cause unique downstream changes is unresolved. Several studies have shown that AR activation alters cell metabolism. Using LNCaP cells with inducible expression of AR-V7 as a model system, we found that AR-V7 stimulated growth, migration, and glycolysis measured by ECAR (extracellular acidification rate) similar to AR. However, further analyses using metabolomics and metabolic flux assays revealed several differences. Whereas AR increased citrate levels, AR-V7 reduced citrate mirroring metabolic shifts observed in CRPC patients. Flux analyses indicate that the low citrate is a result of enhanced utilization rather than a failure to synthesize citrate. Moreover, flux assays suggested that compared to AR, AR-V7 exhibits increased dependence on glutaminolysis and reductive carboxylation to produce some of the TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle) metabolites. These findings suggest that these unique actions represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James M Arnold
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Efrosini Tsouko
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suman Maity
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin M Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Genomic Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy L Weigel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Lamb R, Bonuccelli G, Ozsvári B, Peiris-Pagès M, Fiorillo M, Smith DL, Bevilacqua G, Mazzanti CM, McDonnell LA, Naccarato AG, Chiu M, Wynne L, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Mitochondrial mass, a new metabolic biomarker for stem-like cancer cells: Understanding WNT/FGF-driven anabolic signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30453-71. [PMID: 26421711 PMCID: PMC4741544 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we developed an isogenic cell model of "stemness" to facilitate protein biomarker discovery in breast cancer. For this purpose, we used knowledge gained previously from the study of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). MMTV initiates mammary tumorigenesis in mice by promoter insertion adjacent to two main integration sites, namely Int-1 (Wnt1) and Int-2 (Fgf3), which ultimately activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, driving the propagation of mammary cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, to develop a humanized model of MMTV signaling, we over-expressed WNT1 and FGF3 in MCF7 cells, an ER(+) human breast cancer cell line. We then validated that MCF7 cells over-expressing both WNT1 and FGF3 show a 3.5-fold increase in mammosphere formation, and that conditioned media from these cells is also sufficient to promote stem cell activity in untransfected parental MCF7 and T47D cells, as WNT1 and FGF3 are secreted factors. Proteomic analysis of this model system revealed the induction of i) EMT markers, ii) mitochondrial proteins, iii) glycolytic enzymes and iv) protein synthesis machinery, consistent with an anabolic CSC phenotype. MitoTracker staining validated the expected WNT1/FGF3-induced increase in mitochondrial mass and activity, which presumably reflects increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Importantly, many of the proteins that were up-regulated by WNT/FGF-signaling in MCF7 cells, were also transcriptionally over-expressed in human breast cancer cells in vivo, based on the bioinformatic analysis of public gene expression datasets of laser-captured patient samples. As such, this isogenic cell model should accelerate the discovery of new biomarkers to predict clinical outcome in breast cancer, facilitating the development of personalized medicine.Finally, we used mitochondrial mass as a surrogate marker for increased mitochondrial biogenesis in untransfected MCF7 cells. As predicted, metabolic fractionation of parental MCF7 cells, via MitoTracker staining, indicated that high mitochondrial mass is a new metabolic biomarker for the enrichment of anabolic CSCs, as functionally assessed by mammosphere-forming activity. This observation has broad implications for understanding the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in the propagation of stem-like cancer cells. Technically, this general metabolic approach could be applied to any cancer type, to identify and target the mitochondrial-rich CSC population.The implications of our work for understanding the role of mitochondrial metabolism in viral oncogenesis driven by random promoter insertions are also discussed, in the context of MMTV and ALV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lamb
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gloria Bonuccelli
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Béla Ozsvári
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Peiris-Pagès
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Duncan L Smith
- The Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Generoso Bevilacqua
- FPS - The Pisa Science Foundation, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maybo Chiu
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luke Wynne
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Federica Sotgia
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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26
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Lamb R, Ozsvari B, Bonuccelli G, Smith DL, Pestell RG, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Clarke RB, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Dissecting tumor metabolic heterogeneity: Telomerase and large cell size metabolically define a sub-population of stem-like, mitochondrial-rich, cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21892-905. [PMID: 26323205 PMCID: PMC4673134 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell metabolic heterogeneity is thought to contribute to tumor recurrence, distant metastasis and chemo-resistance in cancer patients, driving poor clinical outcome. To better understand tumor metabolic heterogeneity, here we used the MCF7 breast cancer line as a model system to metabolically fractionate a cancer cell population. First, MCF7 cells were stably transfected with an hTERT-promoter construct driving GFP expression, as a surrogate marker of telomerase transcriptional activity. To enrich for immortal stem-like cancer cells, MCF7 cells expressing the highest levels of GFP (top 5%) were then isolated by FACS analysis. Notably, hTERT-GFP(+) MCF7 cells were significantly more efficient at forming mammospheres (i.e., stem cell activity) and showed increased mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial functional activity, all relative to hTERT-GFP(−) cells. Unbiased proteomics analysis of hTERT-GFP(+) MCF7 cells directly demonstrated the over-expression of 33 key mitochondrial proteins, 17 glycolytic enzymes, 34 ribosome-related proteins and 17 EMT markers, consistent with an anabolic cancer stem-like phenotype. Interestingly, MT-CO2 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2; Complex IV) expression was increased by >20-fold. As MT-CO2 is encoded by mt-DNA, this finding is indicative of increased mitochondrial biogenesis in hTERT-GFP(+) MCF7 cells. Importantly, most of these candidate biomarkers were transcriptionally over-expressed in human breast cancer epithelial cells in vivo. Similar results were obtained using cell size (forward/side scatter) to fractionate MCF7 cells. Larger stem-like cells also showed increased hTERT-GFP levels, as well as increased mitochondrial mass and function. Thus, this simple and rapid approach for the enrichment of immortal anabolic stem-like cancer cells will allow us and others to develop new prognostic biomarkers and novel anti-cancer therapies, by specifically and selectively targeting this metabolic sub-population of aggressive cancer cells. Based on our proteomics and functional analysis, FDA-approved inhibitors of protein synthesis and/or mitochondrial biogenesis, may represent novel treatment options for targeting these anabolic stem-like cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lamb
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bela Ozsvari
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gloria Bonuccelli
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Duncan L Smith
- The Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Robert B Clarke
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Federica Sotgia
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Fodor T, Szántó M, Abdul-Rahman O, Nagy L, Dér Á, Kiss B, Bai P. Combined Treatment of MCF-7 Cells with AICAR and Methotrexate, Arrests Cell Cycle and Reverses Warburg Metabolism through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and FOXO1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150232. [PMID: 26919657 PMCID: PMC4769015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by metabolic alterations, namely, depressed mitochondrial oxidation, enhanced glycolysis and pentose phosphate shunt flux to support rapid cell growth, which is called the Warburg effect. In our study we assessed the metabolic consequences of a joint treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with AICAR, an inducer of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) jointly with methotrexate (MTX), a folate-analog antimetabolite that blunts de novo nucleotide synthesis. MCF7 cells, a model of breast cancer cells, were resistant to the individual application of AICAR or MTX, however combined treatment of AICAR and MTX reduced cell proliferation. Prolonged joint application of AICAR and MTX induced AMPK and consequently enhanced mitochondrial oxidation and reduced the rate of glycolysis. These metabolic changes suggest an anti-Warburg rearrangement of metabolism that led to the block of the G1/S and the G2/M transition slowing down cell cycle. The slowdown of cell proliferation was abolished when mitotropic transcription factors, PGC-1α, PGC-1β or FOXO1 were silenced. In human breast cancers higher expression of AMPKα and FOXO1 extended survival. AICAR and MTX exerts similar additive antiproliferative effect on other breast cancer cell lines, such as SKBR and 4T1 cells, too. Our data not only underline the importance of Warburg metabolism in breast cancer cells but nominate the AICAR+MTX combination as a potential cytostatic regime blunting Warburg metabolism. Furthermore, we suggest the targeting of AMPK and FOXO1 to combat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Fodor
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Szántó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Omar Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Lilla Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dér
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Borbála Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Peter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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28
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Perera RM, Bardeesy N. Pancreatic Cancer Metabolism: Breaking It Down to Build It Back Up. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:1247-61. [PMID: 26534901 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED How do cancer cells escape tightly controlled regulatory circuits that link their proliferation to extracellular nutrient cues? An emerging theme in cancer biology is the hijacking of normal stress response mechanisms to enable growth even when nutrients are limiting. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the quintessential aggressive malignancy that thrives in nutrient-poor, hypoxic environments. PDAs overcome these limitations through appropriation of unorthodox strategies for fuel source acquisition and utilization. In addition, the interplay between evolving PDA and whole-body metabolism contributes to disease pathogenesis. Deciphering how these pathways function and integrate with one another can reveal novel angles of therapeutic attack. SIGNIFICANCE Alterations in tumor cell and systemic metabolism are central to the biology of pancreatic cancer. Further investigation of these processes will provide important insights into how these tumors develop and grow, and suggest new approaches for its detection, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushika M Perera
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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29
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Huang J, Xie Y, Sun X, Zeh HJ, Kang R, Lotze MT, Tang D. DAMPs, ageing, and cancer: The 'DAMP Hypothesis'. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:3-16. [PMID: 25446804 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex and multifactorial process characterized by the accumulation of many forms of damage at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level with advancing age. Ageing increases the risk of the onset of chronic inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, stroke, and neurodegenerative disease. In particular, ageing and cancer share some common origins and hallmarks such as genomic instability, epigenetic alteration, aberrant telomeres, inflammation and immune injury, reprogrammed metabolism, and degradation system impairment (including within the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagic machinery). Recent advances indicate that damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) such as high mobility group box 1, histones, S100, and heat shock proteins play location-dependent roles inside and outside the cell. These provide interaction platforms at molecular levels linked to common hallmarks of ageing and cancer. They can act as inducers, sensors, and mediators of stress through individual plasma membrane receptors, intracellular recognition receptors (e.g., advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptors, AIM2-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and NOD1-like receptors, and toll-like receptors), or following endocytic uptake. Thus, the DAMP Hypothesis is novel and complements other theories that explain the features of ageing. DAMPs represent ideal biomarkers of ageing and provide an attractive target for interventions in ageing and age-associated diseases.
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Pertega-Gomes N, Felisbino S, Massie CE, Vizcaino JR, Coelho R, Sandi C, Simoes-Sousa S, Jurmeister S, Ramos-Montoya A, Asim M, Tran M, Oliveira E, Lobo da Cunha A, Maximo V, Baltazar F, Neal DE, Fryer LGD. A glycolytic phenotype is associated with prostate cancer progression and aggressiveness: a role for monocarboxylate transporters as metabolic targets for therapy. J Pathol 2015; 236:517-30. [PMID: 25875424 PMCID: PMC4528232 DOI: 10.1002/path.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation is considered an emerging hallmark of cancer, whereby cancer cells exhibit high rates of glucose consumption with consequent lactate production. To ensure rapid efflux of lactate, most cancer cells express high levels of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), which therefore may constitute suitable therapeutic targets. The impact of MCT inhibition, along with the clinical impact of altered cellular metabolism during prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression, has not been described. Using a large cohort of human prostate tissues of different grades, in silico data, in vitro and ex vivo studies, we demonstrate the metabolic heterogeneity of PCa and its clinical relevance. We show an increased glycolytic phenotype in advanced stages of PCa and its correlation with poor prognosis. Finally, we present evidence supporting MCTs as suitable targets in PCa, affecting not only cancer cell proliferation and survival but also the expression of a number of hypoxia-inducible factor target genes associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we suggest that patients with highly glycolytic tumours have poorer outcome, supporting the notion of targeting glycolytic tumour cells in prostate cancer through the use of MCT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelma Pertega-Gomes
- Uro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sergio Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Charlie E Massie
- Uro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose R Vizcaino
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Coelho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal
| | - Chiranjeevi Sandi
- Uro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susana Simoes-Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences,University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Sarah Jurmeister
- Uro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Ramos-Montoya
- Uro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Uro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maxine Tran
- Uro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elsa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Lobo da Cunha
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Maximo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Fatima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences,University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - David E Neal
- Uro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Urology, University of Cambridge, and S4, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee G D Fryer
- Uro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
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31
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De Luca A, Fiorillo M, Peiris-Pagès M, Ozsvari B, Smith DL, Sanchez-Alvarez R, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Cappello AR, Pezzi V, Lisanti MP, Sotgia F. Mitochondrial biogenesis is required for the anchorage-independent survival and propagation of stem-like cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:14777-95. [PMID: 26087310 PMCID: PMC4558115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that new mitochondrial biogenesis is required for the anchorage independent survival and propagation of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). More specifically, we used the drug XCT790 as an investigational tool, as it functions as a specific inhibitor of the ERRα-PGC1 signaling pathway, which governs mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, our results directly demonstrate that XCT790 efficiently blocks both the survival and propagation of tumor initiating stem-like cells (TICs), using the MCF7 cell line as a model system. Mechanistically, we show that XCT790 suppresses the activity of several independent signaling pathways that are normally required for the survival of CSCs, such as Sonic hedgehog, TGFβ-SMAD, STAT3, and Wnt signaling. We also show that XCT790 markedly reduces oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS) and that XCT790-mediated inhibition of CSC propagation can be prevented or reversed by Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), a mitochondrial fuel. Consistent with our findings, over-expression of ERRα significantly enhances the efficiency of mammosphere formation, which can be blocked by treatment with mitochondrial inhibitors. Similarly, mammosphere formation augmented by FOXM1, a downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, can also be blocked by treatment with three different classes of mitochondrial inhibitors (XCT790, oligomycin A, or doxycycline). In this context, our unbiased proteomics analysis reveals that FOXM1 drives the expression of >90 protein targets associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, glycolysis, the EMT and protein synthesis in MCF7 cells, processes which are characteristic of an anabolic CSC phenotype. Finally, doxycycline is an FDA-approved antibiotic, which is very well-tolerated in patients. As such, doxycycline could be re-purposed clinically as a 'safe' mitochondrial inhibitor, to target FOXM1 and mitochondrial biogenesis in CSCs, to prevent tumor recurrence and distant metastasis, thereby avoiding patient relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna De Luca
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Peiris-Pagès
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Bela Ozsvari
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Duncan L. Smith
- The Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Rosa Sanchez-Alvarez
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Federica Sotgia
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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32
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Piano A, Titorenko VI. The Intricate Interplay between Mechanisms Underlying Aging and Cancer. Aging Dis 2015; 6:56-75. [PMID: 25657853 PMCID: PMC4306474 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the major risk factor in the incidence of cancer, a hyperplastic disease associated with aging. Here, we discuss the complex interplay between mechanisms underlying aging and cancer as a reciprocal relationship. This relationship progresses with organismal age, follows the history of cell proliferation and senescence, is driven by common or antagonistic causes underlying aging and cancer in an age-dependent fashion, and is maintained via age-related convergent and divergent mechanisms. We summarize our knowledge of these mechanisms, outline the most important unanswered questions and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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33
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Fuchinoue F, Hirotani Y, Nakanishi Y, Yamaguchi H, Nishimaki H, Noda H, Tang XY, Iizuka M, Amano S, Sugitani M, Nemoto N, Masuda S. Overexpression of PGC1α and accumulation of p62 in apocrine carcinoma of the breast. Pathol Int 2014; 65:19-26. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Fuchinoue
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yukari Hirotani
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoko Nakanishi
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Functional Morphology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruna Nishimaki
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroko Noda
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Xiao Yan Tang
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Misato Iizuka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine surgery; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Sadao Amano
- Department of Breast and Endocrine surgery; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugitani
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Norimichi Nemoto
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinobu Masuda
- Department of Pathology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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34
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Lactate transporters in the context of prostate cancer metabolism: what do we know? Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18333-48. [PMID: 25314297 PMCID: PMC4227218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes during malignant transformation have been noted for many years in tumours. Otto Warburg first reported that cancer cells preferentially rely on glycolysis for energy production, even in the presence of oxygen, leading to the production of high levels of lactate. The crucial role of lactate efflux and exchange within the tumour microenvironment drew attention to monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). MCTs have been recognized as promising targets in cancer therapy, and their expression was described in a large variety of tumours; however, studies showing how these isoforms contribute to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype are scarce and still unclear regarding prostate cancer. In this review, we focus on the role for MCTs in cell metabolism, supporting the development and progression of prostate cancer, and discuss the exploitation of the metabolic nature of prostate cancer for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
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35
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The role of mitochondrial electron transport in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1454-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Risques RA, Ussakli C, Salk JJ, Rabinovitch PS, Brentnall TA. Response. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:djt437. [PMID: 24402500 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ana Risques
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Pathology (RAR, CU, JJS, PSR), Department of Medicine (JJS, TAB), and Division of Gastroenterology (TAB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (PSR)
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37
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Tennakoon JB, Shi Y, Han JJ, Tsouko E, White MA, Burns AR, Zhang A, Xia X, Ilkayeva OR, Xin L, Ittmann MM, Rick FG, Schally AV, Frigo DE. Androgens regulate prostate cancer cell growth via an AMPK-PGC-1α-mediated metabolic switch. Oncogene 2013; 33:5251-61. [PMID: 24186207 PMCID: PMC4009392 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men in industrialized countries, accounting for the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Although we now know that the androgen receptor (AR) is important for progression to the deadly advanced stages of the disease, it is poorly understood what AR-regulated processes drive this pathology. Here we demonstrate that AR regulates prostate cancer cell growth via the metabolic sensor 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a kinase that classically regulates cellular energy homeostasis. In patients, activation of AMPK correlated with prostate cancer progression. Using a combination of radiolabeled assays and emerging metabolomic approaches, we also show that prostate cancer cells respond to androgen treatment by increasing not only rates of glycolysis, as is commonly seen in many cancers, but also glucose and fatty acid oxidation. Importantly, this effect was dependent on androgen-mediated AMPK activity. Our results further indicate that the AMPK-mediated metabolic changes increased intracellular ATP levels and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, affording distinct growth advantages to the prostate cancer cells. Correspondingly, we used outlier analysis to determine that PGC-1α is overexpressed in a subpopulation of clinical cancer samples. This was in contrast to what was observed in immortalized benign human prostate cells and a testosterone-induced rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Taken together, our findings converge to demonstrate that androgens can co-opt the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling cascade, a known homeostatic mechanism, to increase prostate cancer cell growth. The current study points to the potential utility of developing metabolic-targeted therapies directed toward the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling axis for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Tennakoon
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Shi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J J Han
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Tsouko
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M A White
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A R Burns
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Zhang
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - X Xia
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - O R Ilkayeva
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L Xin
- 1] Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [3] Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M M Ittmann
- 1] Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA [3] Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F G Rick
- 1] Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, USA [2] Department of Urology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A V Schally
- 1] Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA [3] Divisions of Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA [4] Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - D E Frigo
- 1] Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA [2] Center for Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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38
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Li Y, He L, Zeng N, Sahu D, Cadenas E, Shearn C, Li W, Stiles BL. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) signaling regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration via estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25007-25024. [PMID: 23836899 PMCID: PMC3757167 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.450353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities are associated with cancer development, yet how oncogenic signals affect mitochondrial functions has not been fully understood. In this study, we investigate the relationship between mitochondrial alterations and PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling activation using hepatocytes and liver tissues as our experimental models. We show here that liver-specific deletion of Pten, which leads to activation of PI3K/AKT, is associated with elevated oxidative stress, increased mitochondrial mass, and augmented respiration accompanied by enhanced glycolysis. Consistent with these observations, estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), an orphan nuclear receptor known for its role in mitochondrial biogenesis, is up-regulated in the absence of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Our pharmacological and genetic studies show that PI3K/AKT activity regulates the expression of ERRα and mitochondrial biogenesis/respiration. Furthermore, cAMP-response element-binding protein, as a downstream target of AKT, plays a role in the regulation of ERRα, independent of PKA signaling. ERRα regulates reactive oxygen species production, and ERRα knockdown attenuates proliferation and colony-forming potential in Pten-null hepatocytes. Finally, analysis of clinical datasets from liver tissues showed a negative correlation between expressions of ERRα and PTEN in patients with liver cancer. Therefore, this study has established a previously unrecognized link between a growth signal and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- From Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Lina He
- From Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Ni Zeng
- From Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Divya Sahu
- Department of Dermatology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, and
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- From Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089,; Biochemistry, Keck School of Medicine, and
| | - Colin Shearn
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, and
| | - Bangyan L Stiles
- From Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089,; the Departments of Pathology and.
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Simic P, Williams EO, Bell EL, Gong JJ, Bonkowski M, Guarente L. SIRT1 suppresses the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer metastasis and organ fibrosis. Cell Rep 2013; 3:1175-86. [PMID: 23583181 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for the development of cancer metastases and organ fibrosis, conditions prevalent in aging. Because sirtuins affect the pathology of aging, we tested the effect of SirT1 on EMT. Reduced SIRT1 levels in HMLER breast cancer cells led to increased metastases in nude mice, and the loss of SIRT1 in kidney tubular epithelial cells exacerbated injury-induced kidney fibrosis. SIRT1 reduces EMT in cancer and fibrosis by deacetylating Smad4 and repressing the effect of TGF-β signaling on MMP7, a Smad4 target gene. Consequently, less E-cadherin is cleaved from the cell surface and β-catenin remains bound to E-cadherin at the cell-cell junctions. Our findings suggest that the SIRT1/Smad4/β-catenin axis may be a target for diseases driven by EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Simic
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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40
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Wang PY, Ma W, Park JY, Celi FS, Arena R, Choi JW, Ali QA, Tripodi DJ, Zhuang J, Lago CU, Strong LC, Talagala SL, Balaban RS, Kang JG, Hwang PM. Increased oxidative metabolism in the Li-Fraumeni syndrome. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1027-32. [PMID: 23484829 PMCID: PMC4123210 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1214091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that alterations in metabolism may contribute to tumorigenesis. Here, we report on members of families with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome who carry germline mutations in TP53, the gene encoding the tumor-suppressor protein p53. As compared with family members who are not carriers and with healthy volunteers, family members with these mutations have increased oxidative phosphorylation of skeletal muscle. Basic experimental studies of tissue samples from patients with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome and a mouse model of the syndrome support this in vivo finding of increased mitochondrial function. These results suggest that p53 regulates bioenergetic homeostasis in humans. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00406445.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yuan Wang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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41
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Guido C, Whitaker-Menezes D, Lin Z, Pestell RG, Howell A, Zimmers TA, Casimiro MC, Aquila S, Ando' S, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Mitochondrial fission induces glycolytic reprogramming in cancer-associated myofibroblasts, driving stromal lactate production, and early tumor growth. Oncotarget 2013; 3:798-810. [PMID: 22878233 PMCID: PMC3478457 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that cancer cells behave as metabolic parasites, by inducing oxidative stress in adjacent normal fibroblasts. More specifically, oncogenic mutations in cancer cells lead to ROS production and the "secretion" of hydrogen peroxide species. Oxidative stress in stromal fibroblasts then induces their metabolic conversion into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Such oxidative stress drives the onset of autophagy, mitophagy, and aerobic glycolysis in fibroblasts, resulting in the local production of high-energy mitochondrial fuels (such as L-lactate, ketone bodies, and glutamine). These recycled nutrients are then transferred to cancer cells, where they are efficiently burned via oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS). We have termed this new energy-transfer mechanism "Two-Compartment Tumor Metabolism", to reflect that the production and consumption of nutrients (L-lactate and other catabolites) is highly compartmentalized. Thus, high-energy onco-catabolites are produced by the tumor stroma. Here, we used a genetic approach to stringently test this energy-transfer hypothesis. First, we generated hTERT-immortalized fibroblasts which were genetically re-programmed towards catabolic metabolism. Metabolic re-programming towards glycolytic metabolism was achieved by the recombinant over-expression of MFF (mitochondrial fission factor). MFF over-expression results in extensive mitochondrial fragmentation, driving mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results directly show that MFFfibroblasts undergo oxidative stress, with increased ROS production, and the onset of autophagy and mitophagy, both catabolic processes. Mechanistically, oxidative stress induces autophagy via NF-kB activation, also providing a link with inflammation. As a consequence MFF-fibroblasts showed intracellular ATP depletion and the extracellular secretion of L-lactate, a critical onco-catabolite. MFF-fibroblasts also showed signs of myofibroblast differentiation, with the expression of SMA and calponin. Importantly, MFF-fibroblasts signficantly promoted early tumor growth (up to 6.5-fold), despite a 20% overall reduction in angiogenesis. Thus, catabolic metabolism in cancer-associated fibroblasts may be a critical event during tumor intiation, allowing accelerated tumor growth, especially prior to the onset of neoangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Guido
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hipkiss AR, Cartwright SP, Bromley C, Gross SR, Bill RM. Carnosine: can understanding its actions on energy metabolism and protein homeostasis inform its therapeutic potential? Chem Cent J 2013; 7:38. [PMID: 23442334 PMCID: PMC3602167 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) has contrasting but beneficial effects on cellular activity. It delays cellular senescence and rejuvenates cultured senescent mammalian cells. However, it also inhibits the growth of cultured tumour cells. Based on studies in several organisms, we speculate that carnosine exerts these apparently opposing actions by affecting energy metabolism and/or protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Specific effects on energy metabolism include the dipeptide's influence on cellular ATP concentrations. Carnosine's ability to reduce the formation of altered proteins (typically adducts of methylglyoxal) and enhance proteolysis of aberrant polypeptides is indicative of its influence on proteostasis. Furthermore these dual actions might provide a rationale for the use of carnosine in the treatment or prevention of diverse age-related conditions where energy metabolism or proteostasis are compromised. These include cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and the complications of type-2 diabetes (nephropathy, cataracts, stroke and pain), which might all benefit from knowledge of carnosine's mode of action on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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43
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Sanchez-Alvarez R, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Lamb R, Hulit J, Howell A, Gandara R, Sartini M, Rubin E, Lisanti MP, Sotgia F. Mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer cells prevents tumor growth: understanding chemoprevention with metformin. Cell Cycle 2012; 12:172-82. [PMID: 23257779 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a well-established diabetes drug that prevents the onset of most types of human cancers in diabetic patients, especially by targeting cancer stem cells. Metformin exerts its protective effects by functioning as a weak "mitochondrial poison," as it acts as a complex I inhibitor and prevents oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS). Thus, mitochondrial metabolism must play an essential role in promoting tumor growth. To determine the functional role of "mitochondrial health" in breast cancer pathogenesis, here we used mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) to genetically induce mitochondrial dysfunction in either human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) or cancer-associated fibroblasts (hTERT-BJ1 cells). Our results directly show that all three UCP family members (UCP-1/2/3) induce autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in human breast cancer cells, which results in significant reductions in tumor growth. Conversely, induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer-associated fibroblasts has just the opposite effect. More specifically, overexpression of UCP-1 in stromal fibroblasts increases β-oxidation, ketone body production and the release of ATP-rich vesicles, which "fuels" tumor growth by providing high-energy nutrients in a paracrine fashion to epithelial cancer cells. Hence, the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction are truly compartment-specific. Thus, we conclude that the beneficial anticancer effects of mitochondrial inhibitors (such as metformin) may be attributed to the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in the epithelial cancer cell compartment. Our studies identify cancer cell mitochondria as a clear target for drug discovery and for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Sotgia F, Whitaker-Menezes D, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Salem AF, Tsirigos A, Lamb R, Sneddon S, Hulit J, Howell A, Lisanti MP. Mitochondria "fuel" breast cancer metabolism: fifteen markers of mitochondrial biogenesis label epithelial cancer cells, but are excluded from adjacent stromal cells. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4390-401. [PMID: 23172368 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present new genetic and morphological evidence that human tumors consist of two distinct metabolic compartments. First, re-analysis of genome-wide transcriptional profiling data revealed that > 95 gene transcripts associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial translation were significantly elevated in human breast cancer cells, as compared with adjacent stromal tissue. Remarkably, nearly 40 of these upregulated gene transcripts were mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs), functionally associated with mitochondrial translation of protein components of the OXPHOS complex. Second, during validation by immunohistochemistry, we observed that antibodies directed against 15 markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial translation (AKAP1, GOLPH3, GOLPH3L, MCT1, MRPL40, MRPS7, MRPS15, MRPS22, NRF1, NRF2, PGC1-α, POLRMT, TFAM, TIMM9 and TOMM70A) selectively labeled epithelial breast cancer cells. These same mitochondrial markers were largely absent or excluded from adjacent tumor stromal cells. Finally, markers of mitochondrial lipid synthesis (GOLPH3) and mitochondrial translation (POLRMT) were associated with poor clinical outcome in human breast cancer patients. Thus, we conclude that human breast cancers contain two distinct metabolic compartments-a glycolytic tumor stroma, which surrounds oxidative epithelial cancer cells-that are mitochondria-rich. The co-existence of these two compartments is indicative of metabolic symbiosis between epithelial cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. As such, epithelial breast cancer cells should be viewed as predatory metabolic "parasites," which undergo anabolic reprogramming to amplify their mitochondrial "power." This notion is consistent with the observation that the anti-malarial agent chloroquine may be an effective anticancer agent. New anticancer therapies should be developed to target mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial translation in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sotgia
- Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA.
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45
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Bonuccelli G, Castello-Cros R, Capozza F, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Lin Z, Tsirigos A, Xuanmao J, Whitaker-Menezes D, Howell A, Lisanti MP, Sotgia F. The milk protein α-casein functions as a tumor suppressor via activation of STAT1 signaling, effectively preventing breast cancer tumor growth and metastasis. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3972-82. [PMID: 23047602 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we identified the milk protein α-casein as a novel suppressor of tumor growth and metastasis. Briefly, Met-1 mammary tumor cells expressing α-casein showed a ~5-fold reduction in tumor growth and a near 10-fold decrease in experimental metastasis. To identify the molecular mechanism(s), we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Interestingly, our results show that α-casein upregulates gene transcripts associated with interferon/STAT1 signaling and downregulates genes associated with "stemness." These findings were validated by immunoblot and FACS analysis, which showed the upregulation and hyperactivation of STAT1 and a decrease in the number of CD44(+) "cancer stem cells." These gene signatures were also able to predict clinical outcome in human breast cancer patients. Thus, we conclude that a lactation-based therapeutic strategy using recombinant α-casein would provide a more natural and non-toxic approach to the development of novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bonuccelli
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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46
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Salem AF, Whitaker-Menezes D, Lin Z, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Tanowitz HB, Al-Zoubi MS, Howell A, Pestell RG, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Two-compartment tumor metabolism: autophagy in the tumor microenvironment and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS) in cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2545-56. [PMID: 22722266 PMCID: PMC3404881 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we proposed a new paradigm to explain the compartment-specific role of autophagy in tumor metabolism. In this model, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in the tumor stroma promotes cellular catabolism, which results in the production of recycled nutrients. These chemical building blocks and high-energy “fuels” would then drive the anabolic growth of tumors, via autophagy resistance and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. We have termed this new form of stromal-epithelial metabolic coupling: “two-compartment tumor metabolism.” Here, we stringently tested this energy-transfer hypothesis, by genetically creating (1) constitutively autophagic fibroblasts, with mitochondrial dysfunction or (2) autophagy-resistant cancer cells, with increased mitochondrial function. Autophagic fibroblasts were generated by stably overexpressing key target genes that lead to AMP-kinase activation, such as DRAM and LKB1. Autophagy-resistant cancer cells were derived by overexpressing GOLPH3, which functionally promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. As predicted, DRAM and LKB1 overexpressing fibroblasts were constitutively autophagic and effectively promoted tumor growth. We validated that autophagic fibroblasts showed mitochondrial dysfunction, with increased production of mitochondrial fuels (L-lactate and ketone body accumulation). Conversely, GOLPH3 overexpressing breast cancer cells were autophagy-resistant, and showed signs of increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function, which resulted in increased tumor growth. Thus, autophagy in the tumor stroma and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS) in cancer cells can both dramatically promote tumor growth, independently of tumor angiogenesis. For the first time, our current studies also link the DNA damage response in the tumor microenvironment with “Warburg-like” cancer metabolism, as DRAM is a DNA damage/repair target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Salem
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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47
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Zhao X, He Y, Chen H. Autophagic tumor stroma: mechanisms and roles in tumor growth and progression. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1-8. [PMID: 22684793 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a cellular homeostatic mechanism that involves protein and organelle degradation, and has a number of connections to human physiology and diseases. Autophagy in tumor parenchyma acts as either a tumor-promoting role or a tumor-inhibiting role depending on the types and stages of tumors. In recent years, attention to autophagy in tumor stroma that is referred as "autophagic tumor stroma" has created a new paradigm to understand the role of autophagy in cancer. Here we propose that the autophagic tumor stroma is a phenomenon of adaptation at a certain stage of tumor development, and has a prominent role in tumor growth, progression and spread of tumors. This idea is supported by recent studies: (i) Autophagic tumor stroma is activated by hypoxia and cancer cells induced oxidative stress, when tumors grow to a certain stage; (ii) Autophagic tumor stroma aids in providing essential nutrients to malignant cells, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, increasing DNA damage, genetic instability and stemness in cancer cells, and decreasing the apoptotic sensitivity of cancer cells. The autophagic tumor stroma is therefore a significant determinant in tumor growth and progression and implicates an important target for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianda Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
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48
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Capparelli C, Guido C, Whitaker-Menezes D, Bonuccelli G, Balliet R, Pestell TG, Goldberg AF, Pestell RG, Howell A, Sneddon S, Birbe R, Tsirigos A, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Autophagy and senescence in cancer-associated fibroblasts metabolically supports tumor growth and metastasis via glycolysis and ketone production. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2285-302. [PMID: 22684298 PMCID: PMC3383590 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent fibroblasts are known to promote tumor growth. However, the exact mechanism remains largely unknown. An important clue comes from recent studies linking autophagy with the onset of senescence. Thus, autophagy and senescence may be part of the same physiological process, known as the autophagy-senescence transition (AST). To test this hypothesis, human fibroblasts immortalized with telomerase (hTERT-BJ1) were stably transfected with autophagy genes (BNIP3, CTSB or ATG16L1). Their overexpression was sufficient to induce a constitutive autophagic phenotype, with features of mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and a shift toward aerobic glycolysis, resulting in L-lactate and ketone body production. Autophagic fibroblasts also showed features of senescence, with increased p21(WAF1/CIP1), a CDK inhibitor, cellular hypertrophy and increased β-galactosidase activity. Thus, we genetically validated the existence of the autophagy-senescence transition. Importantly, autophagic-senescent fibroblasts promoted tumor growth and metastasis, when co-injected with human breast cancer cells, independently of angiogenesis. Autophagic-senescent fibroblasts stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in adjacent cancer cells, when the two cell types were co-cultured, as visualized by MitoTracker staining. In particular, autophagic ATG16L1 fibroblasts, which produced large amounts of ketone bodies (3-hydroxy-butyrate), had the strongest effects and promoted metastasis by up to 11-fold. Conversely, expression of ATG16L1 in epithelial cancer cells inhibited tumor growth, indicating that the effects of autophagy are compartment-specific. Thus, autophagic-senescent fibroblasts metabolically promote tumor growth and metastasis, by paracrine production of high-energy mitochondrial fuels. Our current studies provide genetic support for the importance of “two-compartment tumor metabolism” in driving tumor growth and metastasis via a simple energy transfer mechanism. Finally, β-galactosidase, a known lysosomal enzyme and biomarker of senescence, was localized to the tumor stroma in human breast cancer tissues, providing in vivo support for our hypothesis. Bioinformatic analysis of genome-wide transcriptional profiles from tumor stroma, isolated from human breast cancers, also validated the onset of an autophagy-senescence transition. Taken together, these studies establish a new functional link between host aging, autophagy, the tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capparelli
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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49
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Sotgia F, Whitaker-Menezes D, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Flomenberg N, Birbe RC, Witkiewicz AK, Howell A, Philp NJ, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Mitochondrial metabolism in cancer metastasis: visualizing tumor cell mitochondria and the "reverse Warburg effect" in positive lymph node tissue. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1445-54. [PMID: 22395432 DOI: 10.4161/cc.19841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently proposed a new two-compartment model for understanding the Warburg effect in tumor metabolism. In this model, glycolytic stromal cells produce mitochondrial fuels (L-lactate and ketone bodies) that are then transferred to oxidative epithelial cancer cells, driving OXPHOS and mitochondrial metabolism. Thus, stromal catabolism fuels anabolic tumor growth via energy transfer. We have termed this new cancer paradigm the "reverse Warburg effect," because stromal cells undergo aerobic glycolysis, rather than tumor cells. To assess whether this mechanism also applies during cancer cell metastasis, we analyzed the bioenergetic status of breast cancer lymph node metastases, by employing a series of metabolic protein markers. For this purpose, we used MCT4 to identify glycolytic cells. Similarly, we used TO MM20 and COX staining as markers of mitochondrial mass and OXPHOS activity, respectively. Consistent with the "reverse Warburg effect," our results indicate that metastatic breast cancer cells amplify oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS) and that adjacent stromal cells are glycolytic and lack detectable mitochondria. Glycolytic stromal cells included cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes and inflammatory cells. Double labeling experiments with glycolytic (MCT4) and oxidative (TO MM20 or COX) markers directly shows that at least two different metabolic compartments co-exist, side-by-side, within primary tumors and their metastases. Since cancer-associated immune cells appeared glycolytic, this observation may also explain how inflammation literally "fuels" tumor progression and metastatic dissemination, by "feeding" mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. Finally, MCT4(+) and TO MM20(-) "glycolytic" cancer cells were rarely observed, indicating that the conventional "Warburg effect" does not frequently occur in cancer-positive lymph node metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sotgia
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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50
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Hanahan D, Coussens LM. Accessories to the crime: functions of cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:309-22. [PMID: 22439926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3131] [Impact Index Per Article: 260.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutationally corrupted cancer (stem) cells are the driving force of tumor development and progression. Yet, these transformed cells cannot do it alone. Assemblages of ostensibly normal tissue and bone marrow-derived (stromal) cells are recruited to constitute tumorigenic microenvironments. Most of the hallmarks of cancer are enabled and sustained to varying degrees through contributions from repertoires of stromal cell types and distinctive subcell types. Their contributory functions to hallmark capabilities are increasingly well understood, as are the reciprocal communications with neoplastic cancer cells that mediate their recruitment, activation, programming, and persistence. This enhanced understanding presents interesting new targets for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Hanahan
- The Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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