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Su QY, Li HC, Jiang XJ, Jiang ZQ, Zhang Y, Zhang HY, Zhang SX. Exploring the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cell in rheumatoid arthritis: Insights into subsets, markers, and signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116440. [PMID: 38518605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by an imbalance between immunological reactivity and immune tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play a crucial role in controlling ongoing autoimmunity and maintaining peripheral tolerance, have shown great potential for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as RA. This review aims to provide an updated summary of the latest insights into Treg-targeting techniques in RA. We focus on current therapeutic strategies for targeting Tregs based on discussing their subsets, surface markers, suppressive function, and signaling pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yi Su
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Rheumatology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huan-Cheng Li
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Jiang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qing Jiang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - He-Yi Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Rheumatology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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2
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Tomasovic LM, Liu K, VanDyke D, Fabilane CS, Spangler JB. Molecular Engineering of Interleukin-2 for Enhanced Therapeutic Activity in Autoimmune Diseases. BioDrugs 2024; 38:227-248. [PMID: 37999893 PMCID: PMC10947368 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. Its immunosuppressive effects have been harnessed therapeutically via administration of low cytokine doses. Low-dose IL-2 has shown promise in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; however, the clinical use of IL-2 is complicated by its toxicity, its pleiotropic effects on both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive cell subsets, and its short serum half-life, which collectively limit the therapeutic window. As a result, there remains a considerable need for IL-2-based autoimmune disease therapies that can selectively target regulatory T cells with minimal off-target binding to immune effector cells in order to prevent cytokine-mediated toxicities and optimize therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss exciting advances in IL-2 engineering that are empowering the development of novel therapies to treat autoimmune conditions. We describe the structural mechanisms of IL-2 signaling, explore current applications of IL-2-based compounds as immunoregulatory interventions, and detail the progress and challenges associated with clinical adoption of IL-2 therapies. In particular, we focus on protein engineering approaches that have been employed to optimize the regulatory T-cell bias of IL-2, including structure-guided or computational design of cytokine mutants, conjugation to polyethylene glycol, and the development of IL-2 fusion proteins. We also consider future research directions for enhancing the translational potential of engineered IL-2-based therapies. Overall, this review highlights the immense potential to leverage the immunoregulatory properties of IL-2 for targeted treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Tomasovic
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathy Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek VanDyke
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charina S Fabilane
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Liu J, Zhang B, Zhang G, Shang D. Reprogramming of regulatory T cells in inflammatory tumor microenvironment: can it become immunotherapy turning point? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345838. [PMID: 38449875 PMCID: PMC10915070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and identifying widely used immunosuppressants with minimal side effects are two major challenges currently hampering cancer immunotherapy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in almost all cancer tissues and play an important role in preserving autoimmune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. The tumor inflammatory microenvironment causes the reprogramming of Tregs, resulting in the conversion of Tregs to immunosuppressive phenotypes. This process ultimately facilitates tumor immune escape or tumor progression. However, current systemic Treg depletion therapies may lead to severe autoimmune toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of Treg reprogramming and develop immunotherapies that selectively target Tregs within tumors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the potential mechanisms involved in Treg cell reprogramming and explores the application of Treg cell immunotherapy. The interference with reprogramming pathways has shown promise in reducing the number of tumor-associated Tregs or impairing their function during immunotherapy, thereby improving anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive Treg cell reprogramming could reveal new molecular targets for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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4
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Singh AK, Qureshah FA, Drow T, Hou B, Rawlings DJ. Activated PI3Kδ specifically perturbs mouse Treg homeostasis and function leading to immune dysregulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.569665. [PMID: 38187650 PMCID: PMC10769388 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.569665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are required for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing systemic autoimmunity. PI3Kδ is required for normal Treg development and function. However, the impacts of dysregulated PI3Kδ signaling on Treg function remain incompletely understood. Here, we used a conditional mouse model of activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS) to investigate the role of altered PI3Kδ signaling specifically within the Treg compartment. Aged mice expressing a PIK3CD gain-of-function mutation (aPIK3CD) specifically within the Treg compartment exhibited weight loss and evidence for chronic inflammation as demonstrated by increased memory/effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with enhanced IFN-γ secretion, spontaneous germinal center responses and production of broad-spectrum autoantibodies. Intriguingly, aPIK3CD facilitated Treg precursor development within the thymus and an increase in peripheral Treg numbers. Peripheral Treg, however, exhibited an altered phenotype including increased PD1 expression and reduced competitive fitness. Consistent with these findings, Treg specific-aPIK3CD mice mounted an elevated humoral response following immunization with a T-cell dependent antigen, that correlated with a decrease in follicular Treg. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that an optimal threshold of PI3Kδ activity is critical for Treg homeostasis and function, suggesting that PI3Kδ signaling in Treg might be therapeutically targeted to either augment or inhibit immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Singh
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Fahd Al Qureshah
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Travis Drow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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5
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Peng Y, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang J, Wang Y. CD25: A potential tumor therapeutic target. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1290-1303. [PMID: 36082452 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CD25 is the alpha-chain of the heterotrimer IL-2 receptor. CD25 is expressed on the surface of both immune and non-immune cells with different frequencies. For cancers, CD25 is expressed at high levels in many types of hematological malignancies, but at low levels in most solid tumors. CD25 is also highly expressed in activated circulating immune cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Infiltration of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment can lead to an imbalanced ratio of effector T cells (Teffs) and Tregs, which is associated with the progression of cancers. A rescued Teff/Treg cell ratio indicates an efficient anti-tumor response to immunotherapy. CD25 as a potential target for the depletion of Tregs is critical in developing new immunotherapeutic strategies. Few articles have summarized the relationships between CD25 and tumors, or the recent progress of drugs targeting CD25. In this paper, we will discuss the structures of IL-2 and IL-2R, the biological function of CD25 and its important role in tumor therapy. In addition, the latest research on drugs targeting CD25 has been summarized, providing guidance for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease- related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease- related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease- related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease- related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease- related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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6
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Segués A, Huang S, Sijts A, Berraondo P, Zaiss DM. Opportunities and challenges of bi-specific antibodies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 369:45-70. [PMID: 35777864 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent clinical approval of different Bi-specific antibodies (BsAbs) has revealed the great therapeutic potential of this novel class of biologicals. For example, the bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), Blinatumomab, demonstrated the unique capacity of BsAbs to link T-cells with tumor cells, inducing targeted tumor cell removal. Additionally, Amivantamab, recognizing the EGFR and cMet in cis, revealed a substantial improvement of therapeutic efficacy by concomitantly targeting two tumor antigens. Cis-targeting BsAbs furthermore allow discerning cell populations which concurrently express two antigens, for which each antigen expression pattern in itself might not be selective. In this way, BsAbs harbor the great prospect of being more specific and showing fewer side effects than monoclonal antibodies. Nevertheless, BsAbs have also faced major obstacles, for instance, in ensuring reliable assembly and clinical-grade purification. In this review, we summarize the different available antibody platforms currently used for the generation of IgG-like and non-IgG-like BsAbs and explain which approaches have been used to assemble those BsAbs which are currently approved for clinical application. By focusing on the example of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and the different, ongoing approaches to develop BsAbs specifically targeting Tregs within the tumor microenvironment, our review highlights the huge potential as well as the pitfalls BsAb face in order to emerge as one of the most effective therapeutic biologicals targeting desired cell populations in a highly selective way. Such BsAb may improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects, thereby opening novel treatment opportunities for a range of different diseases, such as cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Segués
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shuyu Huang
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Sijts
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dietmar M Zaiss
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Immune Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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7
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T Cells, Interleukin-2 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus—From Pathophysiology to Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060980. [PMID: 35326431 PMCID: PMC8946767 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic and functional complexities of T cells engender complicated and often confusing concepts as to how T cells ignite, accelerate and brake the inflammatory processes involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), let alone the plasticity of T cells that takes place under different immunological contexts. Nevertheless, being one of the prime survival factors of T cells, interleukin (IL)-2 plays a potentially critical role in many immunological scenarios during the pathophysiological process of SLE. Here, the pathophysiology of lupus T cells and current, as well as ongoing, therapeutic approaches of SLE that involve low-dose IL-2 administration will be highlighted. The mechanisms of IL-2 deficiency in SLE pathophysiology, the effects of low-dose IL-2 on T cells and restoration of lupus manifestations in murine SLE models, as well as the efficacy and safety of clinical trials that evaluated low-dose IL-2-containing regimens in patients with SLE will be discussed.
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Baron F, Canti L, Ariën KK, Kemlin D, Desombere I, Gerbaux M, Pannus P, Beguin Y, Marchant A, Humblet-Baron S. Insights From Early Clinical Trials Assessing Response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Immunocompromised Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827242. [PMID: 35309332 PMCID: PMC8931657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is critical to protect immunocompromised patients against COVID-19 with effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccination as they have an increased risk of developing severe disease. This is challenging, however, since effective mRNA vaccination requires the successful cooperation of several components of the innate and adaptive immune systems, both of which can be severely affected/deficient in immunocompromised people. In this article, we first review current knowledge on the immunobiology of SARS-COV-2 mRNA vaccination in animal models and in healthy humans. Next, we summarize data from early trials of SARS-COV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with secondary or primary immunodeficiency. These early clinical trials identified common predictors of lower response to the vaccine such as anti-CD19, anti-CD20 or anti-CD38 therapies, low (naive) CD4+ T-cell counts, genetic or therapeutic Bruton tyrosine kinase deficiency, treatment with antimetabolites, CTLA4 agonists or JAK inhibitors, and vaccination with BNT162b2 versus mRNA1273 vaccine. Finally, we review the first data on third dose mRNA vaccine administration in immunocompromised patients and discuss recent strategies of temporarily holding/pausing immunosuppressive medication during vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Canti
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Delphine Kemlin
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Desombere
- Scientific Directorate Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margaux Gerbaux
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Pannus
- Scientific Directorate Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Farias MG, de Mello Vicente B, Habigzang M, Hirakata VN, de Oliveira da Silva P, Paz A, Daudt LE. High plasma IL-6 levels following haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation post-transplant cyclophosphamide as predictor of early death with worse outcome. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101543. [PMID: 35093504 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) can be used as an alternative procedure in the absence of HLA-compatible donors. The use of high doses of cyclophosphamide after infusion improves the prognosis and eliminates the need for T cell depletion in vivo. Among the main complications of haplo-HSCT are acute graft-versus-host disease (a-GVHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This is a systemic inflammatory response that leads to the release of inflammatory proteins, including IL-6. This syndrome has several clinical features, with mild to severe symptoms. This study aimed to compare plasma IL-6 levels in patients submitted to different HSCT types and to associate them with the presence of acute graft versus host disease (a-GVHD), CRS and survival. METHODS A total of 84 patients (22 haploidentical and 62 non-haploidentical) were evaluated at different times. The IL-6 levels in haplo and non-haplo-HSCT recipients were measured before transplantation and on days D7, D14, D28, D60, and D100. RESULTS IL-6 levels were higher in haplo-HSCT recipients than in non-haplo-HSCT recipients, remaining elevated from D14 until D100 (P = 0.006) and a cut off ≥11 pg/mL on D7, which is related to worse overall survival. In our study, we found no association with a-GVHD (P = 0.239), a common complication of this type of transplant, but we found a relationship between the increase in IL-6 and CRS (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION IL6 can be used as a biomarker for patients submitted to haplo-HSCT, allowing clinical interference in patients having levels of IL-6 times larger than normality values, avoiding early death in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Granero Farias
- Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/HCPA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liane Esteves Daudt
- Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/HCPA, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Brazil
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10
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Itacitinib prevents xenogeneic GVHD in humanized mice. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:2672-2681. [PMID: 34172892 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the impact of the Janus Kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor itacitinib on xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (xGVHD). XGVHD was induced by i.v. injection 20 × 106 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) in NSG mice on day 0. Itacitinib (3 mg, ≈120 mg/kg) or methylcellulose was administered by force-feeding twice a day from day 3 to day 28. Mice were followed for xGVHD score and survival. In addition, human T-cell engraftment and as well as human T-cell subtypes were monitored in blood on days 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation. We observed that itacitinib-treated mice had significantly longer survival than control mice (median 45 versus 33 days; P < 0.001). Further, they also had lower absolute numbers of human CD4+ T cells on days 21 and 28 after transplantation as well as of human CD8+ T cells on days 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation. In addition, itacitinib-treated mice had higher frequencies of human regulatory T cells (Treg) on days 21 and 28 after transplantation. In summary, our data indicate that itacitinib decreases human T-cell engraftment, increases Treg frequencies and attenuates xGVHD in NSG mice transplanted with hPBMC.
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11
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Vandenhove B, Canti L, Schoemans H, Beguin Y, Baron F, Graux C, Kerre T, Servais S. How to Make an Immune System and a Foreign Host Quickly Cohabit in Peace? The Challenge of Acute Graft- Versus-Host Disease Prevention After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583564. [PMID: 33193397 PMCID: PMC7609863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) has been used as cellular immunotherapy against hematological cancers for more than six decades. Its therapeutic efficacy relies on the cytoreductive effects of the conditioning regimen but also on potent graft-versus-tumor (GVT) reactions mediated by donor-derived immune cells. However, beneficial GVT effects may be counterbalanced by acute GVHD (aGVHD), a systemic syndrome in which donor immune cells attack healthy tissues of the recipient, resulting in severe inflammatory lesions mainly of the skin, gut, and liver. Despite standard prophylaxis regimens, aGVHD still occurs in approximately 20–50% of alloHCT recipients and remains a leading cause of transplant-related mortality. Over the past two decades, advances in the understanding its pathophysiology have helped to redefine aGVHD reactions and clinical presentations as well as developing novel strategies to optimize its prevention. In this review, we provide a brief overview of current knowledge on aGVHD immunopathology and discuss current approaches and novel strategies being developed and evaluated in clinical trials for aGVHD prevention. Optimal prophylaxis of aGVHD would prevent the development of clinically significant aGVHD, while preserving sufficient immune responsiveness to maintain beneficial GVT effects and immune defenses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Vandenhove
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Canti
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hélène Schoemans
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carlos Graux
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU UCL Namur (Godinne), Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Hematology Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Servais
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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12
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Govender L, Mikulic J, Wyss JC, Gaide O, Thome M, Golshayan D. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Malt1-Dependent TCR Downstream Signaling to Promote the Survival of MHC-Mismatched Allografts. Front Immunol 2020; 11:576651. [PMID: 33042160 PMCID: PMC7517581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies targeting T cells are the cornerstone of immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation. The transcription factor NF-κB is a key regulator of downstream T-cell activation and induction of inflammatory mediators; its full activation via antigen receptor engagement requires both the scaffold and the protease activity of the paracaspase Malt1. Experimental studies have highlighted that Malt1-deficient mice were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, although they lacked peripheral regulatory T cells (Treg). Here, we compared targeting Malt1 versus using calcineurin inhibitors as immunosuppression in a stringent experimental transplantation model. We found that Malt1-deficiency impaired Th1-mediated alloresponses in vitro and in vivo and significantly prolonged MHC-mismatched skin allograft survival, compared to cyclosporine. However, it paradoxically enhanced Th17 differentiation in the transplantation setting. Interestingly, more selective inhibition of Malt1 protease activity in wild-type mouse and human peripheral T cells in vitro led to attenuation of alloreactive Th1 cells, while preserving preexisting Treg in the peripheral T-cell pool, and without promoting Th17 differentiation. Thus, there is a place for further investigation of the role of Malt1 signaling in the setting of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerisa Govender
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Service of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josip Mikulic
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Service of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Wyss
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Service of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gaide
- Department of Medicine and Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Service of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Whangbo JS, Antin JH, Koreth J. The role of regulatory T cells in graft-versus-host disease management. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:141-154. [PMID: 31874061 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1709436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite improvements in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching algorithms and supportive care, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains the leading cause of non-relapse morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Acute GVHD, typically occurring in the first 100 days post-HSCT, is mediated by mature effector T cells from the donor (graft) that become activated after encountering alloantigens in the recipient (host). Chronic GVHD, characterized by aberrant immune responses to both autoantigens and alloantigens, occurs later and arises from a failure to develop tolerance after HSCT. CD4+ CD25+ CD127- FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) function to suppress auto- and alloreactive immune responses and are key mediators of immune tolerance.Areas covered: In this review, authors discuss the biologic and therapeutic roles of Tregs in acute and chronic GVHD, including in vivo and ex vivo strategies for Treg expansion and adoptive Treg cellular therapy.Expert opinion: Although they comprise only a small subset of circulating CD4 + T cells, Tregs play an important role in establishing and maintaining immune tolerance following allogeneic HSCT. The development of GVHD has been associated with reduced Treg frequency or numbers. Consequently, the immunosuppressive properties of Tregs are being harnessed in clinical trials for GVHD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Whangbo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Antin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Koreth
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Zeiser R. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:563-572. [PMID: 31588560 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major complication after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The emergence of different immuno-prophylaxis strategies, such as post-transplant cyclophosphamide or anti-thymocyteglobulin has reduced the incidence of acute GVHD in recent years. The biology of the acute GVHD we observe in the clinic may change due to the use of novel immuno-stimulatory agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors or anti-neoplastic immune-modifiers, like lenalidomide, given before or after allo-HSCT. Here we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of acute GVHD with a focus on early events of the disease, including tissue damaging factors, innate immune cells, costimulatory pathways, immune cell signalling, immuno-regulatory cell types, biomarkers of GVHD and regenerative approaches. New insight in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD has revealed the role of pro-inflammatory intracellular signalling, defects in intestinal tissue regeneration and anti-bacterial defence, as well as a reduced diversity of the microbiome, which will be the basis for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zeiser
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Wu H, Denna TH, Storkersen JN, Gerriets VA. Beyond a neurotransmitter: The role of serotonin in inflammation and immunity. Pharmacol Res 2019; 140:100-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Liu KYP, Lu XJD, Zhu YS, Le N, Kim H, Poh CF. Plasma-Derived Inflammatory Proteins Predict Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:585. [PMID: 30564558 PMCID: PMC6288174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major concern with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, even with the current knowledge and the advancement in treatment. OSCCs diagnosed at late-stage often require wide-excision with or without neck dissection, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. When deemed successful, treatment often results in diminished quality of life, impaired function, and disfigurement. Strategies for early detection are urgently needed for patients afflicted with this disease. Inflammatory protein plasma biomarkers have shown to be potential tests for early detection and disease monitoring in several cancers. There has been no study on inflammation-related plasma biomarkers in OSCC. The objectives of the study were to use a multiplex approach to screen plasma-derived biomarkers and to examine the association of measurable proteins with OSCC. A total of 260 plasma samples (210 OSCC and 50 normal controls) were collected to measure for concentration of inflammatory related biomarkers using electrochemiluminescence multiplex assay. After screening of 82 potential biomarkers of the first 160 OSCC, 16 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were identified and verified in the second set of samples containing 50 OSCC and 50 normal. After adjustment of age and batch effects, the adjusted differential expression analysis showed that the OSCCs were markedly lower in 14 biomarkers and significantly higher level of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra). By performing unsupervised clustering analysis, we observed distinctive groups of normal and two subgroups of OSCC. Linear regression of IL2, IL1Ra, and macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) showed high accuracy in classifying OSCC with sensitivity of 0.96 and specificity of 0.92. In conclusion, this is the first paper to identify potential inflammatory plasma protein biomarkers of patients with OSCC. With further validation, the set of biomarkers can potentially be used to assist in early detection of OSCC when the disease is localized and in more treatable stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Yi Ping Liu
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xian Jun David Lu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuqi Sarah Zhu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nhu Le
- Department of Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine F Poh
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Treatment with mTOR inhibitors after liver transplantation enables a sustained increase in regulatory T-cells while preserving their suppressive capacity. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:237-244. [PMID: 29175009 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (sirolimus [SRL] and everolimus [EVR]) are used after transplantation for their immunosuppressive activity. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in immune tolerance. mTOR inhibitors appear to preserve Tregs, unlike Tacrolimus (Tac). AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the number and function of Tregs in liver transplant recipients before and after conversion from Tac to mTOR inhibitors. METHODS Fifteen patients with stable graft function where converted to SRL (n=5) or EVR (n=10). Tregs (CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ CD127low) number and activity were analysed prospectively in blood cells using flow cytometry, and functional assay. RESULTS Patients of both groups displayed a sustained rise in Treg levels after introduction of mTOR inhibitors (Treg levels at 3 months: 6.45±0.38% of CD4 T-cells, vs. baseline level of 3.61±0.37%, P<0.001; mean fold increase 2.04±0.73). In SRL group, 3-month Treg levels were 6.01±0.53 vs. 3.79±0.39; P=0.037, while in EVR group they were 6.63±0.67 vs. 3.54±0.51; P=0.001. By contrast, no statistical change was observed in an unconverted Tac control group. Tregs also preserved their functional ability to suppress activated T-cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that mTOR inhibitors induce a significant increase in Tregs while maintaining suppressive activity after LT.
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18
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Pallet N, Fernández-Ramos AA, Loriot MA. Impact of Immunosuppressive Drugs on the Metabolism of T Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:169-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Obregon C, Kumar R, Pascual MA, Vassalli G, Golshayan D. Update on Dendritic Cell-Induced Immunological and Clinical Tolerance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1514. [PMID: 29250057 PMCID: PMC5715373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) as highly efficient antigen-presenting cells are at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. As such, they are key mediators of immunity and antigen-specific immune tolerance. Due to their functional specialization, research efforts have focused on the characterization of DCs subsets involved in the initiation of immunogenic responses and in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs)-based therapies have been designed as promising strategies to prevent and control autoimmune diseases as well as allograft rejection after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Despite successful experimental studies and ongoing phase I/II clinical trials using autologous tolDCs in patients with type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and in SOT recipients, additional basic research will be required to determine the optimal DC subset(s) and conditioning regimens for tolDCs-based treatments in vivo. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of human DCs and recent advances in their classification, as well as the role of DCs in immune regulation and their susceptibility to in vitro or in vivo manipulation for the development of tolerogenic therapies, with a focus on the potential of tolDCs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the prevention of allograft rejection after SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Obregon
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Antonio Pascual
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Transplantation Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Département coeur-vaisseaux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Déla Golshayan
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Transplantation Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Flynn MJ, Hartley JA. The emerging role of anti-CD25 directed therapies as both immune modulators and targeted agents in cancer. Br J Haematol 2017; 179:20-35. [PMID: 28556984 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CD25 (also termed IL2RA) forms one component of the high-affinity heterotrimeric interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor on activated T cells. Its affinity for IL2 and cellular function are tightly regulated and vary in different cell types. The high frequency of CD25 on the surface of many different haematological tumour cells is now well established and, apart from its prognostic significance, CD25 may be present on leukaemic stem cells and enable oncogenic signalling pathways in leukaemic cells. Additionally, high CD25 expression in activated circulating immune cells and Tregs is a factor that has already been exploited by IL2 immunotherapies for treatment of tumours and autoimmune disease. The relative clinical safety and efficacy of administering anti-CD25 radioimmunoconjugates and immunotoxins in various haematological tumour indications has been established and clinical trials of a novel CD25-directed antibody drug conjugate are underway.
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21
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Pinto A, Jahn A, Immohr MB, Jenke A, Döhrn L, Kornfeld M, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P, Boeken U. Modulation of Immunologic Response by Preventive Everolimus Application in a Rat CPB Model. Inflammation 2017; 39:1771-82. [PMID: 27473158 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Everolimus (EVL) is widely used in solid organ transplantation. It is known to have antiproliferative and immunosuppressive abilities via inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Preventive EVL administration may lower inflammation induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and reduce systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). After oral loading with EVL 2.5 mg/kg/day (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11) for seven consecutive days, male Wistar rats (400-500 g) were connected to a miniaturised heart-lung-machine performing a deep hypothermic circulatory arrest protocol. White blood cells (WBC) were significantly reduced in EVL-pretreated animals before start of CPB with a preserved reduction by trend at all other time points. Ischemia/reperfusion led to decreased glucose levels. Application of EVL significantly increased glucose levels after reperfusion. In addition, potassium levels were significantly lower in EVL-treated animals at the end of reperfusion. Immunoblotting revealed increased S6 levels after CPB. EVL decreased phosphorylation of S6 in the heart and kidney, which indicates an inhibition of mTOR pathway. Moreover, EVL significantly modified phosphorylation of AKT, while decreasing IL2, IL6, RANTES, and TNFα (n = 6). Preventive application of EVL may modulate inflammation by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. This may be beneficial to evade SIRS-related morbidities after CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pinto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Jahn
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Benjamin Immohr
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Jenke
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Döhrn
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Kornfeld
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Udo Boeken
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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22
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Whiteside TL, Demaria S, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Zarour HM, Melero I. Emerging Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:1845-55. [PMID: 27084738 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies against cancer are emerging as powerful weapons for treatment of this disease. The success of checkpoint inhibitors against metastatic melanoma and adoptive T-cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells against B-cell-derived leukemias and lymphomas are only two examples of developments that are changing the paradigms of clinical cancer management. These changes are a result of many years of intense research into complex and interrelated cellular and molecular mechanisms controling immune responses. Promising advances come from the discovery of cancer mutation-encoded neoantigens, improvements in vaccine development, progress in delivery of cellular therapies, and impressive achievements in biotechnology. As a result, radical transformation of cancer treatment is taking place in which conventional cancer treatments are being integrated with immunotherapeutic agents. Many clinical trials are in progress testing potential synergistic effects of treatments combining immunotherapy with other therapies. Much remains to be learned about the selection, delivery, and off-target effects of immunotherapy used alone or in combination. The existence of numerous escape mechanisms from the host immune system that human tumors have evolved still is a barrier to success. Efforts to understand the rules of immune cell dysfunction and of cancer-associated local and systemic immune suppression are providing new insights and fuel the enthusiasm for new therapeutic strategies. In the future, it might be possible to tailor immune therapy for each cancer patient. The use of new immune biomarkers and the ability to assess responses to therapy by noninvasive monitoring promise to improve early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Personalized immunotherapy based on individual genetic, molecular, and immune profiling is a potentially achievable future goal. The current excitement for immunotherapy is justified in view of many existing opportunities for harnessing the immune system to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cornell, New York, New York
| | - Maria E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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23
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Zeiser R, Socié G, Blazar BR. Pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease: from intestinal microbiota alterations to donor T cell activation. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:191-207. [PMID: 27619472 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major life-threatening complication of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Here we discuss the aGVHD pathophysiology initiated by multiple signals that cause alloreactive T-cell activation. The outcome of such donor T-cell activation is influenced by T-cell receptor-signal strength, anatomical location, co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory signals and differentiation stage (naive, effector/memory) of T-cells. Additionally, cross-priming of T cells to antigens expressed by pathogens can contribute to aGVHD-mediated tissue injury. In addition to the properties of donor T-cell activation, highly specialized tissue resident cell types, such as innate lymphoid cells, antigen-presenting cells, immune regulatory cells and various intestinal cell populations are critically involved in aGVHD pathogenesis. The role of the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissue injury, non-haematopoietic cells, intestinal microflora, cytokines, chemokines, microRNAs, metabolites and kinases in aGVHD pathophysiology will be highlighted. Acute GVHD pathogenic mechanisms will be connected to novel therapeutic approaches under development for, and tested in, the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zeiser
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gerard Socié
- Haematology Stem cell transplant Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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24
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Maffini E, Giaccone L, Festuccia M, Brunello L, Buondonno I, Ferrero D, Boccadoro M, Dellacasa C, Busca A, Novero D, Bruno B. Ruxolitinib in steroid refractory graft-vs.-host disease: a case report. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:67. [PMID: 27502249 PMCID: PMC4977623 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is potentially curative in a variety of hematological malignancies. Graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) remains a life-threatening complication. Standard treatment is high-dose (HD) corticosteroids. Steroid-refractory (SR) GvHD is associated with poor prognosis. At present, second-line treatment is ill-defined and includes a number of agents. Novel insights into the pathophysiology of acute GvHD (aGvHD) highlight the relevant role of the host inflammatory response governed by several kinase families, including Janus kinases (JAK)1/2. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor approved for intermediate-2/high-risk myelofibrosis, was recently employed in SR-GvHD with encouraging overall response rates. Clinical experience however remains limited. Case presentation A 51-year-old male with refractory anemia with excess blast type-2 underwent a myeloablative allogeneic HSCT from a 9/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor after conditioning with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. GvHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine, methotrexate, and thymoglobulin. CD34+ cells/kg infused were 8.69 × 106 kg. On day 29, the patient developed overall grade IV aGvHD with biopsy proven stage IV gastrointestinal (GI) GvHD refractory to HD corticosteroids. Patient conditions rapidly deteriorated and became critical despite the addition of mycophenolate mofetil and budesonide. On day 33, Ruxolitinib was started, and on day 39 the patient clinical conditions gradually improved. Complete resolution of aGvHD was also confirmed by histology on day 54. Conclusions At 5 months from HSCT, the patient is well and in continuous hematological complete remission without flare of GvHD. Ruxolitinib was discontinued on day 156. Ruxolitinib is feasible and effective in SR-aGvHD though large prospective clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maffini
- Department of Oncology, SSCVD Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy. .,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Luisa Giaccone
- Department of Oncology, SSCVD Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Moreno Festuccia
- Department of Oncology, SSCVD Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lucia Brunello
- Department of Oncology, SSCVD Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Dario Ferrero
- Department of Oncology, SSCVD Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Dellacasa
- Department of Oncology, SSCVD Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Busca
- Department of Oncology, SSCVD Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Domenico Novero
- Department of Pathology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Department of Oncology, SSCVD Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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25
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The effect of immunosuppressive molecules on T-cell metabolic reprogramming. Biochimie 2016; 127:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Shao K, Lu Y, Wang J, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wang X, Wang X, Yang H, Liu G. Different Effects of Tacrolimus on Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in the Allograft Transplantation. Scand J Immunol 2016; 83:119-27. [PMID: 26524694 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
While tacrolimus (FK506) is currently used as immunosuppression therapy in transplant recipient, the immunological mechanism remains unknown. Herein, the immunoregulatory effects of FK506 were investigated in the physiological status and allogeneic skin transplantation. FK506 cannot significantly alter the functions of innate immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils) and adaptive immune cells (T cells) in the physiological status. However, it can effectively delay allogeneic skin-graft rejection through ameliorating the T cell responses, but not myeloid-derived innate immune cell responses. Importantly, it did not affect the allograft recipient macrophage innate immune defence capacity to bacteria. In clinics, FK506 treatment can significantly control the cytokine production in T cells, but not non-T cells. This study shows targeting calcineurin signalling, FK506, to be essential in inducing allograft tolerance, but not to damage the innate defence capacity, validating the immune cell phenotypes as a potential marker in transplantation following FK506 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shao
- Ruijin Hospital and Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Institute of Immunobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Institute of Immunobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Institute of Immunobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - X Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Institute of Immunobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Institute of Immunobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Institute of Immunobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Wang
- Ruijin Hospital and Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Institute of Immunobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Institute of Immunobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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27
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Servais S, Beguin Y, Delens L, Ehx G, Fransolet G, Hannon M, Willems E, Humblet-Baron S, Belle L, Baron F. Novel approaches for preventing acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:957-72. [PMID: 27110922 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1182498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) offers potential curative treatment for a wide range of malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. However, its success may be limited by post-transplant acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a systemic syndrome in which donor's immune cells attack healthy tissues in the immunocompromised host. aGVHD is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality after alloHSCT. Despite standard GVHD prophylaxis regimens, aGVHD still develops in approximately 40-60% of alloHSCT recipients. AREAS COVERED In this review, after a brief summary of current knowledge on the pathogenesis of aGVHD, the authors review the current combination of a calcineurin inhibitor with an antimetabolite with or without added anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and emerging strategies for GVHD prevention. EXPERT OPINION A new understanding of the involvement of cytokines, intracellular signaling pathways, epigenetics and immunoregulatory cells in GVHD pathogenesis will lead to new standards for aGVHD prophylaxis allowing better prevention of severe aGVHD without affecting graft-versus-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Servais
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Loic Delens
- b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Grégory Ehx
- b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | | | | | - Evelyne Willems
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- c Translational Immunology Laboratory , VIB , Leuven , Belgium.,d Department of Microbiology and Immunology , KUL-University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Frédéric Baron
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
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28
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Jurberg AD, Vasconcelos-Fontes L, Cotta-de-Almeida V. A Tale from TGF-β Superfamily for Thymus Ontogeny and Function. Front Immunol 2015; 6:442. [PMID: 26441956 PMCID: PMC4564722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple signaling pathways control every aspect of cell behavior, organ formation, and tissue homeostasis throughout the lifespan of any individual. This review takes an ontogenetic view focused on the large superfamily of TGF-β/bone morphogenetic protein ligands to address thymus morphogenesis and function in T cell differentiation. Recent findings on a role of GDF11 for reversing aging-related phenotypes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ; Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Larissa Vasconcelos-Fontes
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Vinícius Cotta-de-Almeida
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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29
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Keohane C, Kordasti S, Seidl T, Perez Abellan P, Thomas NSB, Harrison CN, McLornan DP, Mufti GJ. JAK inhibition induces silencing of T Helper cytokine secretion and a profound reduction in T regulatory cells. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:60-73. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh Keohane
- Department of Haematology; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine; Kings College London; London UK
| | - Shahram Kordasti
- Department of Haematological Medicine; Kings College London; London UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine; Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Thomas Seidl
- Department of Haematological Medicine; Kings College London; London UK
| | | | | | - Claire N. Harrison
- Department of Haematology; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Donal P. McLornan
- Department of Haematology; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine; Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Ghulam J. Mufti
- Department of Haematological Medicine; Kings College London; London UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine; Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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30
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Molecular mechanisms underlying β-adrenergic receptor-mediated cross-talk between sympathetic neurons and immune cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5635-65. [PMID: 25768345 PMCID: PMC4394497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and immune system is vital for health and well-being. Infection, tissue injury and inflammation raise firing rates of sympathetic nerves, increasing their release of norepinephrine (NE) in lymphoid organs and tissues. NE stimulation of β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in immune cells activates the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) intracellular signaling pathway, a pathway that interfaces with other signaling pathways that regulate proliferation, differentiation, maturation and effector functions in immune cells. Immune-SNS cross-talk is required to maintain homeostasis under normal conditions, to develop an immune response of appropriate magnitude after injury or immune challenge, and subsequently restore homeostasis. Typically, β2-AR-induced cAMP is immunosuppressive. However, many studies report actions of β2-AR stimulation in immune cells that are inconsistent with typical cAMP-PKA signal transduction. Research during the last decade in non-immune organs, has unveiled novel alternative signaling mechanisms induced by β2-AR activation, such as a signaling switch from cAMP-PKA to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. If alternative signaling occurs in immune cells, it may explain inconsistent findings of sympathetic regulation of immune function. Here, we review β2-AR signaling, assess the available evidence for alternative signaling in immune cells, and provide insight into the circumstances necessary for "signal switching" in immune cells.
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31
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Thueson LE, Emmons TR, Browning DL, Kreitinger JM, Shepherd DM, Wetzel SA. In vitro exposure to the herbicide atrazine inhibits T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production and significantly increases the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Toxicol Sci 2015; 143:418-29. [PMID: 25433234 PMCID: PMC4306722 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-[ethylamino]-6-[isopropylamino]-s-triazine) is the most common water contaminant in the United States. Atrazine is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and is classified as an estrogen disrupting compound because it elevates estrogen levels via induction of the enzyme aromatase. Previous studies have shown that atrazine exposure alters the function of innate immune cells such as NK cells, DC, mast cells, and macrophages. In this study we have examined the impact of in vitro atrazine exposure on the activation, proliferation, and effector cytokine production by primary murine CD4(+) T lymphocytes. We found that atrazine exposure significantly inhibited CD4(+) T cell proliferation and accumulation as well as the expression of the activation markers CD25 and CD69 in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the effects were more pronounced in cells from male animals. These effects were partially mimicked by pharmacological reagents that elevate intracellular cAMP levels and addition of exogenous rmIL-2 further inhibited proliferation and CD25 expression. Consistent with these findings, atrazine exposure during T cell activation resulted in a 2- to 5-fold increase in the frequency of Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Thueson
- *Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Tiffany R Emmons
- *Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Dianna L Browning
- *Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Joanna M Kreitinger
- *Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - David M Shepherd
- *Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Scott A Wetzel
- *Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 *Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
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32
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Govender L, Pascual M, Golshayan D. Potential and limitations of regulatory T-cell therapy in solid organ transplantation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1197-212. [PMID: 25073810 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.943191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the therapeutic potential of Treg has been highlighted in the field of autoimmune diseases and after allogeneic transplantation. The first hurdle for the therapeutic use of Treg is their insufficient numbers in non-manipulated individuals, in particular when facing strong immune activation and expanding effector cells, such as in response to an allograft. Here we review current approaches being explored for Treg expansion in the perspective of clinical therapeutic protocols. We describe different Treg subsets that could be suitable for clinical application, as well as discuss factors such as the required dose of Treg, their antigen-specificity and in vivo stability, that have to be considered for optimal Treg-based immunotherapy in transplantation. Since Treg may not be sufficient as stand-alone therapy for solid organ transplantation in humans, we draw attention to possible hurdles and combination therapy with immunomodulatory drugs that could possibly improve the in vivo efficacy of Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerisa Govender
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Danby R, Rocha V. Improving engraftment and immune reconstitution in umbilical cord blood transplantation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:68. [PMID: 24605111 PMCID: PMC3932655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an important source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for allogeneic transplantation when HLA-matched sibling and unrelated donors (MUD) are unavailable. Although the overall survival results for UCB transplantation are comparable to the results with MUD, UCB transplants are associated with slow engraftment, delayed immune reconstitution, and increased opportunistic infections. While this may be a consequence of the lower cell dose in UCB grafts, it also reflects the relative immaturity of cord blood. Furthermore, limited cell numbers and the non-availability of donor lymphocyte infusions currently prevent the use of post-transplant cellular immunotherapy to boost donor-derived immunity to treat infections, mixed chimerism, and disease relapse. To further develop UCB transplantation, many strategies to enhance engraftment and immune reconstitution are currently under investigation. This review summarizes our current understanding of engraftment and immune recovery following UCB transplantation and why this differs from allogeneic transplants using other sources of HSC. It also provides a comprehensive overview of promising techniques being used to improve myeloid and lymphoid recovery, including expansion, homing, and delivery of UCB HSC; combined use of UCB with third-party donors; isolation and expansion of natural killer cells, pathogen-specific T cells, and regulatory T cells; methods to protect and/or improve thymopoiesis. As many of these strategies are now in clinical trials, it is anticipated that UCB transplantation will continue to advance, further expanding our understanding of UCB biology and HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Danby
- Department of Haematology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford , UK ; NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford , UK ; Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis APHP, University Paris VII IUH , Paris , France
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Department of Haematology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford , UK ; NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford , UK ; Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis APHP, University Paris VII IUH , Paris , France
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34
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Massa M, Rosti V, Campanelli R, Fois G, Barosi G. Rapid and long-lasting decrease of T-regulatory cells in patients with myelofibrosis treated with ruxolitinib. Leukemia 2013; 28:449-51. [PMID: 24145312 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Massa
- Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policliico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Rosti
- 1] Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policliico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy [2] Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Campanelli
- 1] Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policliico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy [2] Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Fois
- 1] Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policliico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy [2] Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Barosi
- 1] Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policliico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy [2] Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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35
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Mast cells suppress murine GVHD in a mechanism independent of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Blood 2013; 122:3659-65. [PMID: 24030387 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-519157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of mast cells in hematopoietic cell transplantation, we assessed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in C57BL/6-Kit(W-sh/W-sh) recipients, which virtually lack mast cells, compared with C57BL/6 WT recipients. GVHD was severely exacerbated in C57BL/6-Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice (median survival time = 13 vs 60 days in wild-type [WT] mice; P < .0001). The increased mortality risk in C57BL/6-Kit(W-sh/W-sh) hosts correlated with increased T-cell numbers in lymph nodes, liver, and gastrointestinal tract sites, as indicated by bioluminescence imaging (P < .001). We did not detect any deficit in the number or function of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in C57BL/6-Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice. Furthermore, Tregs were equally effective at reducing GVHD in C57BL/6-Kit(W-sh/W-sh) recipients compared with WT recipients containing mast cells. Furthermore, we found that survival of C57BL/6-Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice during GVHD was significantly improved if the mice were engrafted with bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells from WT C57BL/6 mice but not from interleukin (IL)-10-deficient C57BL/6 mice. These data indicate that the presence of mast cells can significantly reduce GVHD independently of Tregs, by decreasing conventional T-cell proliferation in a mechanism involving IL-10. These experiments support the conclusion that mast cells can mediate a novel immunoregulatory role during hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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36
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Vent-Schmidt J, Han JM, MacDonald KG, Levings MK. The Role of FOXP3 in Regulating Immune Responses. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 33:110-28. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.811657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Meyer A, Gruber A, Klopfleisch R. All Subunits of the Interleukin-2 Receptor are Expressed by Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.11.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Tu Y, Sun W, Wan YG, Che XY, Pu HP, Yin XJ, Chen HL, Meng XJ, Huang YR, Shi XM. Huangkui capsule, an extract from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic, ameliorates adriamycin-induced renal inflammation and glomerular injury via inhibiting p38MAPK signaling pathway activity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:311-320. [PMID: 23518420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic (AM) is a natural medicinal plant used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in China. Huangkui capsule (HKC), an extract from AM, has been proved clinically effective in improving renal inflammation and glomerular injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the dose-effects and the mechanisms involved in vivo are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was performed to examine the dose-effects of HKC on renal inflammation and glomerular lesion in adriamycin-induced nephropathy (ADRN), then to clarify the mechanisms in vivo of HKC by investigating its actions on modulating the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats with chronic ADRN, created by the unilateral nephrectomy and twice adriamycin injections (ADR, 4 mg/kg and 2mg/kg) within 4 weeks, were divided into four groups, a Sham group, a Vehicle group, a high-dose HKC group, and a low-dose HKC group, and that, sacrificed at the end of the 4th week after the administration. The rat's general status, renal morphological appearance, proteinuria, blood biochemical parameters, glomerular morphological changes, podocyte shape, and macrophage (ED1(+) and ED3(+) cells) infiltration in glomeruli were examined, respectively. The protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-2, as well as p38MAPK signaling molecules such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, p38MAPK, and phosphorylated-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK), were also evaluated individually. RESULTS HKC at high dose of 2g/kg/d not only significantly ameliorated the rat's general status, renal morphological appearance, proteinuria, albumin, and glomerulosclerosis, but also obviously reduced the infiltrated ED1(+) and ED3(+) macrophages in glomeruli and TNF-α protein expression in the kidney, in addition to these, evidently down-regulated TGF-β1 and p-p38MAPK protein expressions in ADRN rats, but had no influence on podocyte shape and renal function. CONCLUSION HKC could dose-dependently ameliorate renal inflammation and glomerular injury in ADRN rats, by way of reducing the infiltration and the activation of macrophages in glomeruli, and TNF-α protein expression in the kidney, as well as inhibiting p38MAPK signaling pathway activity via the down-regulation of p-p38MAPK and TGF-β1 protein expressions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immunological barriers still preclude clinical xenotransplantation. The protective role of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells (Treg) in allotransplantation is well described and, therefore, could represent a promising therapeutical tool for xenotransplantation. This review addresses the latest findings on Treg in xenotransplantation research. RECENT FINDINGS In vivo, costimulation blockade-based strategies including anti-CD154 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in combination with rapamycin or anti-LFA-1 mAb prolonged both concordant and discordant islets xenografts survival in a Treg-dependent manner. In vitro, IL-10 secretion was shown to be critical for the suppression of xenogeneic responses mediated by Treg. Moreover, transgenic expression of inducible costimulator-immunoglobulin or PD-L1 on porcine endothelial cells inhibited human T-cell proliferation in vitro and was associated with the induction of Treg and IL-10 secretion. CXCR3 mediated the recruitment of Treg to pig endothelium. Finally, the recruitment of human Treg was enhanced by the immobilization of human CCL17 on pig endothelium. SUMMARY There is increasing evidence for the potential of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg to protect xenografts. Induction of Treg in recipients and/or recruitment of human Treg to pig endothelium may represent novel strategies to prevent cell-mediated rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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40
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Systematic evaluation of 640 FDA drugs for their effect on CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells using a novel cell-based high throughput screening assay. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1513-24. [PMID: 23537702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg), which play a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing the proliferation of effector T cells, have great therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases and transplantation. However, progress on their clinical application has been hampered by the lack of high throughput screening (HTS) strategies for the systematic and rapid evaluation of existing drugs and the identification of novel drug candidates. In this report, we present an innovative in vitro HTS assay using CD4⁺ T cells from Foxp3-GFP transgenic mice that specifically express the GFP signal in Foxp3⁺ Treg cells detectable by FACS analysis in a high throughput manner. Systematic evaluation of 640 FDA-approved drugs revealed that 70 drugs increased the number of Treg cells with suppression function only in the presence of TGFβ, 75 drugs increased Treg numbers even in the absence of TGFβ, and 32 drugs increased Treg numbers synergistically with TGFβ. The identified Treg-promoting drugs include those previously known to induce Treg (rapamycin and retinoic acid), statins, glucocorticoids and drugs in many other categories. Furthermore, Treg cells cultured with the identified drugs possess surface and intracellular markers characteristic of natural Treg cells and possess suppressive function. These results suggest that this Treg HTS assay can be used to screen compound libraries to identify novel chemical entities for Treg-based immune therapies.
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Aoyama A, Klarin D, Yamada Y, Boskovic S, Nadazdin O, Kawai K, Schoenfeld D, Madsen JC, Cosimi A, Benichou G, Kawai T. Low-dose IL-2 for In vivo expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells in nonhuman primates. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2532-7. [PMID: 22682297 PMCID: PMC3429727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
IL-2 is a known potent T cell growth factor that amplifies lymphocyte responses in vivo. This capacity has led to the use of high-dose IL-2 to enhance T cell immunity in patients with AIDS or cancer. However, more recent studies have indicated that IL-2 is also critical for the development and peripheral expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In the current study, low-dose IL-2 (1 million IU/m(2) BSA/day) was administered to expand Tregs in vivo in naïve nonhuman primates. Our study demonstrated that low-dose IL-2 therapy significantly expanded peripheral blood CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tregs in vivo with limited expansion of non-Treg cells. These expanded Tregs are mainly CD45RA(-) Foxp3(high) activated Tregs and demonstrated potent immunosuppressive function in vitro. The results of this preclinical study can serve as a basis to develop Treg immunotherapy, which has significant therapeutic potential in organ/cellular transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Aoyama
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - D. Klarin
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Y. Yamada
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - S. Boskovic
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - O. Nadazdin
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - K. Kawai
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - D. Schoenfeld
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - J. C. Madsen
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - A.B. Cosimi
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - G. Benichou
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - T. Kawai
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, Addressed correspondence to: Tatsuo Kawai, White 521, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, Phone: (617)-726-0289, Fax : (617)-726-9322,
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Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies show that inhibition of histone/protein deacetylases (HDAC) can have important anti-neoplastic effects through cytotoxic and proapoptotic mechanisms. There are also increasing data from nononcologic settings that HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) can exhibit useful anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, unrelated to cytotoxicity or apoptosis. These effects can be cell-, tissue-, or context-dependent and can involve modulation of specific inflammatory signaling pathways as well as epigenetic mechanisms. We review recent advances in the understanding of how HDACi alter immune and inflammatory processes, with a particular focus on the effects of HDACi on T-cell biology, including the activation and functions of conventional T cells and the unique T-cell subset, composed of Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells. Although studies are still needed to tease out details of the various biologic roles of individual HDAC isoforms and their corresponding selective inhibitors, the anti-inflammatory effects of HDACi are already promising and may lead to new therapeutic avenues in transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
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Martinez-Navio JM, Climent N, Gallart T, Lluis C, Franco R. An old enzyme for current needs: adenosine deaminase and a dendritic cell vaccine for HIV. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 90:594-600. [PMID: 21931337 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2011.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After nearly three decades of searching for a vaccine against HIV, a cure for this pandemic disease still remains elusive. The low immunogenicity of the surface proteins and the huge variability of the virus, together with the immunocompromised status of the host, have made developing an HIV vaccine an uphill battle. Over the past few years, both immunogen design and immunization strategies have improved, providing hope for future, although the anti-HIV responses achieved still remain modest. As developing a prophylactic vaccine seems unlikely nowadays, efforts have focused on alternative therapeutic immunization approaches, although these still need to be further optimized. Using an immunomodulator capable of restoring immune function in the context of infection, thereby boosting cell-mediated and humoral responses, could be critical in effectively improving current therapeutic approaches. Adenosine deaminase, a protein with a pivotal role in T-cell co-stimulation, has been shown to robustly enhance specific T-cell responses against HIV in vitro. Although its role in humoral responses has not yet been assessed, genetic defects in this enzyme are associated with impaired cellular and humoral responses. Importantly, this molecule is already commercially available pharmaceutically and, therefore, it fulfils all the requirements to be assayed as an anti-HIV vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Martinez-Navio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Johnston L, Florek M, Armstrong R, McCune JS, Arai S, Brown J, Laport G, Lowsky R, Miklos D, Shizuru J, Sheehan K, Lavori P, Negrin R. Sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil as GVHD prophylaxis in myeloablative, matched-related donor hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 47:581-8. [PMID: 21552302 PMCID: PMC3163055 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies receiving myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from HLA-identical sibling donors. Based on pre-study stopping rules, the trial was closed to accrual after enrollment of 11 adult patients. Seven of the 11 patients received busulfan-containing preparative regimens. Sirolimus was discontinued in 3 patients due to toxicity-related events of severe sinusoidal obstructive syndrome, portal vein thrombosis, altered mental status and in 1 patient due to risk of poor wound healing. Six of the 11 patients developed grade II-IV acute GVHD (AGVHD) a median of 15.5 days post-HCT. Two of 3 patients with grade IV AGVHD had sirolimus discontinued by 9 days post-HCT. All patients responded to AGVHD therapy without GVHD-related deaths. There were 2 nonrelapse- and 2 relapse-related deaths. At a median follow-up of 38 months (2–47 months), 7 of 11 patients were alive without disease. MMF and sirolimus GVHD prophylaxis did not reduce the risk of acute GVHD, however, there were no GVHD-related deaths. The severe toxicities in the patients receiving the busulfan-containing preparative regimens limited the continued use of sirolimus and MMF for the prevention of AGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Guo D, Teng Q, Ji C. NOTCH and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in T-cell development and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1200-10. [PMID: 21463127 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.564696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in NOTCH1 consitute the most prominent genetic abnormality in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, most T-ALL cell lines with NOTCH1 mutations are resistant to treatment with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs). The spotlight is now shifting to the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as another key potential target. These two signaling routes are deregulated in many types of cancer. In this review we discuss these two pathways with respect to their signaling mechanisms, functions during T-cell development, and their mutual roles in the development of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong, P R China.
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Badr G, Bashandy S, Ebaid H, Mohany M, Sayed D. Vitamin C supplementation reconstitutes polyfunctional T cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:623-33. [PMID: 21350934 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that vitamin C supplementation enhances the immune system, prevents DNA damage, and decreases the risk of a wide range of diseases. Other study reported that leukocyte vitamin C level was low in diabetic individuals compared with nondiabetic controls. AIM OF THE WORK To study the effect of vitamin C on oxidative stress, blood lipid profile, and T-cell responsiveness during streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetes mellitus. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly split into three groups. The first served as a control group (n = 10) in which rats were injected with the vehicle alone. The second (n = 10) and the third groups (n = 10) were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of single doses of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight). The third group was supplemented with vitamin C (100 mg/kg body weight) for 2 months. RESULTS T lymphocytes from the diabetic rats were found to be in a stunned state, with a decreased surface expression of the CD28 costimulatory molecule, low levels of phosphorylated AKT, altered actin polymerization, diminished proliferation and cytokine production, and, eventually, a marked decrease in abundance in the periphery. Vitamin C was found to significantly decrease the elevated levels of blood hydroperoxide, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in diabetic rats. Furthermore, it was found to restore CD28 expression, AKT phosphorylation, actin polymerization, and polyfunctional T cells (IFN-γ- and IL-2-producing cells that exhibit a high proliferation capacity). CONCLUSION Vitamin C treatment restores and reconstitutes polyfunctional, long-lived T cells in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Administration of high-dose cyclophosphamide after transplantation inhibits both graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in mouse models of allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (alloBMT). This strategy has recently been adapted to human transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS The safety and efficacy of high-dose posttransplantation cyclophosphamide, when given in combination with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, was first demonstrated after nonmyeloablative conditioning and allografting using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched related donors. Further analysis shows that increasing HLA disparity does not worsen overall outcome. High-dose posttransplantation cyclophosphamide was also found to be effective as sole prophylaxis of acute and chronic GvHD after HLA-matched alloBMT. SUMMARY Taking advantage of the differential susceptibility of proliferating, alloreactive T cells over nonproliferating, nonalloreactive T cells to high-dose cyclophosphamide, and owing to the drug's stem cell sparing effects, this novel strategy provides a unique opportunity to optimize GvHD prophylaxis after HLA-matched alloBMT and increase the use of HLA-mismatched related donors. Well tolerated and effective mismatched related alloBMT provides access to essentially everyone, such as patients with sickle cell anemia, in need of the procedure.
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NK314 potentiates antitumor activity with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma cells by inhibition of dual targets on topoisomerase II{alpha} and DNA-dependent protein kinase. Blood 2011; 117:3575-84. [PMID: 21245486 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-270439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive disease, incurable by standard chemotherapy. NK314, a new anticancer agent possessing inhibitory activity specific for topoisomerase IIα (Top2α), inhibited the growth of various ATL cell lines (50% inhibitory concentration: 23-70nM) with more potent activity than that of etoposide. In addition to the induction of DNA double-strand breaks by inhibition of Top2α, NK314 induced degradation of the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), resulting in impaired DNA double-strand break repair. The contribution of DNA-PK to inhibition of cell growth was affirmed by the following results: NK314 inhibited cell growth of M059J (a DNA-PKcs-deficient cell line) and M059K (a cell line with DNA-PKcs present) with the same potency, whereas etoposide exhibited weak inhibition of cell growth with M059K cells. A DNA-PK specific inhibitor, NU7026, enhanced inhibitory activity of etoposide on M059K as well as on ATL cells. These results suggest that NK314 is a dual inhibitor of Top2α and DNA-PK. Because ATL cells express a high amount of DNA-PKcs, NK314 as a dual molecular targeting anticancer agent is a potential therapeutic tool for treatment of ATL.
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Muller YD, Seebach JD, Bühler LH, Pascual M, Golshayan D. Transplantation tolerance: Clinical potential of regulatory T cells. SELF/NONSELF 2011; 2:26-34. [PMID: 21776332 PMCID: PMC3136901 DOI: 10.4161/self.2.1.15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The major challenge in transplantation medicine remains long-term allograft acceptance, with preserved allograft function under minimal chronic immunosuppression. To safely achieve the goal of sustained donor-specific T and B cell non-responsiveness, research efforts are now focusing on therapies based on cell subsets with regulatory properties. In particular the transfusion of human regulatory T cells (Treg) is currently being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of graft versus host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and is also under consideration for solid organ transplantation. The purpose of this review is to recapitulate current knowledge on naturally occurring as well as induced human Treg, with emphasis on their specific phenotype, suppressive function and how these cells can be manipulated in vitro and/or in vivo for therapeutic purposes in transplantation medicine. We highlight the potential but also possible limitations of Treg-based strategies to promote long-term allograft survival. It is evident that the bench-to-beside translation of these protocols still requires further understanding of Treg biology. Nevertheless, current data already suggest that Treg therapy alone will not be sufficient and needs to be combined with other immunomodulatory approaches in order to induce allograft tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick D Muller
- Surgical Research Unit; Department of Surgery; University Hospital Geneva
- Service of Clinical Immunology and Allergology; Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Geneva
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Service of Clinical Immunology and Allergology; Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Geneva
| | - Leo H Bühler
- Surgical Research Unit; Department of Surgery; University Hospital Geneva
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory; Departments of Medicine and Surgery; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory; Departments of Medicine and Surgery; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Switzerland
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Effects of a Janus kinase inhibitor, pyridone 6, on airway responses in a murine model of asthma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 404:261-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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