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Ye G, Sun X, Li J, Mai Y, Gao R, Zhang J. Secondary metabolites of mulberry leaves exert anti-lung cancer activity through regulating the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100926. [PMID: 38974523 PMCID: PMC11226898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks the top of malignancies that cause cancer-related deaths worldwide. The leaves of Morus alba L are traditional Chinese medicine widely applied in respiratory diseases. Our previous work has demonstrated the anti-lung cancer effect of secondary metabolites of mulberry leaf, but their mechanism of action has still not fully elucidated. We synthesized Moracin N (MAN)-Probe conjugated with alkyne to label lung cancer cells and identified protein targets by chemical proteomic analysis. MAN and its probe exerted similar growth-inhibitory effect on human lung cancer cells. Chemical proteomic results showed that MAN targeted the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint pathway and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway, indicating its immune-regulatory function. Cell-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) results showed the direct interaction of MAN with PD-L1 protein. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that MAN bound to E158 residue of PD-L1 protein. MAN downregulated the expression levels of PD-L1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner and disrupted the PD-L1/programmed death 1 (PD-1) binding, including other secondary metabolites of mulberry leaves Guangsangon E (GSE) and Chalcomoracin (CMR). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with MAN-treated A549 cells, resulting in the increase of CD8+ GZMB+ T cells and the decrease of CD8+ PD-1+ T cells. It suggested that MAN exerts anti-cancer effect through blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. In vivo, MAN combined with anti-PD-1 antibody significantly inhibited lung cancer development and metastasis, indicating their synergistic effect. Taken together, secondary metabolites of mulberry leaves target the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling, enhance T cell-mediated immunity and inhibit the tumorigenesis of lung cancer. Their modulatory effect on tumor microenvironment makes them able to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Ye
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosisand Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Yuhuan City Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317600, China
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosisand Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiuzhou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256600, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mai
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ruilan Gao
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310060, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosisand Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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2
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Somanader DVN, Zhao P, Widdop RE, Samuel CS. The involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in fibrosis progression and its therapeutic targeting by relaxin. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116130. [PMID: 38490518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Organ scarring, referred to as fibrosis, results from a failed wound-healing response to chronic tissue injury and is characterised by the aberrant accumulation of various extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Once established, fibrosis is recognised as a hallmark of stiffened and dysfunctional tissues, hence, various fibrosis-related diseases collectively contribute to high morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Despite this, these diseases are ineffectively treated by currently-available medications. The pro-fibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, has emerged as the master regulator of fibrosis progression, owing to its ability to promote various factors and processes that facilitate rapid ECM synthesis and deposition, whilst negating ECM degradation. TGF-β1 signal transduction is tightly controlled by canonical (Smad-dependent) and non-canonical (MAP kinase- and Rho-associated protein kinase-dependent) intracellular protein activity, whereas its pro-fibrotic actions can also be facilitated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This review outlines the pathological sequence of events and contributing roles of TGF-β1 in the progression of fibrosis, and how the Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to tissue repair in acute disease settings, but to fibrosis and related tissue dysfunction in synergy with TGF-β1 in chronic diseases. It also outlines the anti-fibrotic and related signal transduction mechanisms of the hormone, relaxin, that are mediated via its negative modulation of TGF-β1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but through the promotion of Wnt/β-catenin activity in acute disease settings. Collectively, this highlights that the crosstalk between TGF-β1 signal transduction and the Wnt/β-catenin cascade may provide a therapeutic target that can be exploited to broadly treat and reverse established fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidree V N Somanader
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology Program, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Cheng LZ, Huang DL, Tang ZR, Zhang JH, Xiong T, Zhou C, Zhang NX, Fu R, Cheng YX, Wu ZQ. Pharmacological targeting of Axin2 suppresses cell growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3071-3091. [PMID: 37461816 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The scaffold molecule Axin2 is constitutively activated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and functions as a potent promoter of CRC behaviour. Pharmacological targeting of Axin2 may therefore exert a therapeutic effect in patients with CRC. Here, we discovered a potent small-molecule inhibitor of Axin2, based on the mechanism by which Axin2 is regulated post-translationally, and investigated its antitumour effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Compound discovery and its inhibitory action on Axin2 protein were revealed by microscale thermophoresis, in vitro kinase assay, quantitative kinetic assay, immunoblotting/immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR and cycloheximide pulse-chase assay. Compound antitumour effects and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in multiple cell-based assays and mouse models. KEY RESULTS We discovered that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylates Axin2 at two consensus motifs and coupled Axin2 phosphorylation to its ubiquitination (mediated by the E3 ligase β-Trcp2) and proteasomal degradation. The binding of Axin2 to GSK3β in CRC cells is faint, which enables most of the Axin2 protein to maintain an unphosphorylated status and thereby permits the cells to preserve high levels of Axin2. Importantly, we identified a small-molecule compound CW85319 that enhances Axin2's interaction with GSK3β via forming a high affinity for Axin2. Treatment of CRC cells with CW85319 enhanced Axin2 binding with GSK3β, thereby promoting Axin2 phosphorylation, subsequent ubiquitination, and degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CW85319 efficiently suppressed Axin2-driven CRC growth and metastasis, without eliciting side toxicity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that pharmacological targeting of Axin2 by CW85319 may provide therapeutic benefits against certain human cancers, especially CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Ling Huang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhang-Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nai-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao-Qiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Darby AM, Lazzaro BP. Interactions between innate immunity and insulin signaling affect resistance to infection in insects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276357. [PMID: 37915572 PMCID: PMC10616485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An active immune response is energetically demanding and requires reallocation of nutrients to support resistance to and tolerance of infection. Insulin signaling is a critical global regulator of metabolism and whole-body homeostasis in response to nutrient availability and energetic needs, including those required for mobilization of energy in support of the immune system. In this review, we share findings that demonstrate interactions between innate immune activity and insulin signaling primarily in the insect model Drosophila melanogaster as well as other insects like Bombyx mori and Anopheles mosquitos. These studies indicate that insulin signaling and innate immune activation have reciprocal effects on each other, but that those effects vary depending on the type of pathogen, route of infection, and nutritional status of the host. Future research will be required to further understand the detailed mechanisms by which innate immunity and insulin signaling activity impact each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Darby
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Brian P. Lazzaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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5
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Li C, Furth EE, Rustgi AK, Klein PS. When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Wnt Signaling Activates Multiple Pathways through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 Complex. Cells 2023; 12:2256. [PMID: 37759479 PMCID: PMC10528086 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved regulator of metazoan development and stem cell maintenance. Activation of Wnt signaling is an early step in diverse malignancies. Work over the past four decades has defined a "canonical" Wnt pathway that is initiated by Wnt proteins, secreted glycoproteins that bind to a surface receptor complex and activate intracellular signal transduction by inhibiting a catalytic complex composed of the classical tumor suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), Axin, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3). The best characterized effector of this complex is β-catenin, which is stabilized by inhibition of GSK-3, allowing β-catenin entrance to the nucleus and activation of Wnt target gene transcription, leading to multiple cancers when inappropriately activated. However, canonical Wnt signaling through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 complex impinges on other effectors, independently of β-catenin, including the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), regulators of protein stability, mitotic spindle orientation, and Hippo signaling. This review focuses on these alternative effectors of the canonical Wnt pathway and how they may contribute to cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emma E. Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter S. Klein
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Basli A, Bounaas J. Pathophysiological mechanism and natural preventive and therapeutic strategies of Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Health 2023; 29:403-413. [PMID: 36377316 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of two types of protein deposits in the brain, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The first one are dense deposits of beta amyloid protein, the second one are dense deposits of the protein tau. These proteins are present in all of our brains, but in AD they act unusually, leading to neuronal degeneration. This review will provide an overview of the AD, including the role of amyloid beta and tau, and mechanisms that lead to the formation of plaques and tangles. The review will also cover the existing researches that have focused on the inhibition of amyloid beta formation, cholinesterase, tau hyperphosphorylation, the pathogenic mechanisms of apoE4, and GSK-3 as a solution that could be used to slow or prevent the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Basli
- Laboratory of Interaction Research, Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Skikda, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Jihane Bounaas
- Laboratory of Interaction Research, Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Skikda, Skikda, Algeria
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7
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Zou X, Shanmugam SK, Kanner SA, Sampson KJ, Kass RS, Colecraft HM. Divergent regulation of KCNQ1/E1 by targeted recruitment of protein kinase A to distinct sites on the channel complex. eLife 2023; 12:e83466. [PMID: 37650513 PMCID: PMC10499372 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The slow delayed rectifier potassium current, IKs, conducted through pore-forming Q1 and auxiliary E1 ion channel complexes is important for human cardiac action potential repolarization. During exercise or fright, IKs is up-regulated by protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated Q1 phosphorylation to maintain heart rhythm and optimum cardiac performance. Sympathetic up-regulation of IKs requires recruitment of PKA holoenzyme (two regulatory - RI or RII - and two catalytic Cα subunits) to Q1 C-terminus by an A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP9). Mutations in Q1 or AKAP9 that abolish their functional interaction result in long QT syndrome type 1 and 11, respectively, which increases the risk of sudden cardiac death during exercise. Here, we investigated the utility of a targeted protein phosphorylation (TPP) approach to reconstitute PKA regulation of IKs in the absence of AKAP9. Targeted recruitment of endogenous Cα to E1-YFP using a GFP/YFP nanobody (nano) fused to RIIα enabled acute cAMP-mediated enhancement of IKs, reconstituting physiological regulation of the channel complex. By contrast, nano-mediated tethering of RIIα or Cα to Q1-YFP constitutively inhibited IKs by retaining the channel intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Proteomic analysis revealed that distinct phosphorylation sites are modified by Cα targeted to Q1-YFP compared to free Cα. Thus, functional outcomes of synthetically recruited PKA on IKs regulation is critically dependent on the site of recruitment within the channel complex. The results reveal insights into divergent regulation of IKs by phosphorylation across different spatial and time scales, and suggest a TPP approach to develop new drugs to prevent exercise-induced sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Zou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sri Karthika Shanmugam
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Scott A Kanner
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kevin J Sampson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Robert S Kass
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Henry M Colecraft
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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8
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Mendez-Vazquez H, Roach RL, Nip K, Chanda S, Sathler MF, Garver T, Danzman RA, Moseley MC, Roberts JP, Koch ON, Steger AA, Lee R, Arikkath J, Kim S. The autism-associated loss of δ-catenin functions disrupts social behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300773120. [PMID: 37216537 PMCID: PMC10235948 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
δ-catenin is expressed in excitatory synapses and functions as an anchor for the glutamatergic AMPA receptor (AMPAR) GluA2 subunit in the postsynaptic density. The glycine 34 to serine (G34S) mutation in the δ-catenin gene has been found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients and results in loss of δ-catenin functions at excitatory synapses, which is presumed to underlie ASD pathogenesis in humans. However, how the G34S mutation causes loss of δ-catenin functions to induce ASD remains unclear. Here, using neuroblastoma cells, we identify that the G34S mutation increases glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-dependent δ-catenin degradation to reduce δ-catenin levels, which likely contributes to the loss of δ-catenin functions. Synaptic δ-catenin and GluA2 levels in the cortex are significantly decreased in mice harboring the δ-catenin G34S mutation. The G34S mutation increases glutamatergic activity in cortical excitatory neurons while it is decreased in inhibitory interneurons, indicating changes in cellular excitation and inhibition. δ-catenin G34S mutant mice also exhibit social dysfunction, a common feature of ASD. Most importantly, pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β activity reverses the G34S-induced loss of δ-catenin function effects in cells and mice. Finally, using δ-catenin knockout mice, we confirm that δ-catenin is required for GSK3β inhibition-induced restoration of normal social behavior in δ-catenin G34S mutant animals. Taken together, we reveal that the loss of δ-catenin functions arising from the ASD-associated G34S mutation induces social dysfunction via alterations in glutamatergic activity and that GSK3β inhibition can reverse δ-catenin G34S-induced synaptic and behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regan L. Roach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Kaila Nip
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523
| | - Soham Chanda
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Matheus F. Sathler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Tyler Garver
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Rosaline A. Danzman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Madeleine C. Moseley
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Jessica P. Roberts
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Olivia N. Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | | | - Rahmi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Jyothi Arikkath
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munore-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Seonil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
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9
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Nassar H, Sippl W, Dahab RA, Taha M. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro screening reveal cefixime and ceftriaxone as GSK3β covalent inhibitors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11278-11290. [PMID: 37057264 PMCID: PMC10087387 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01145c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
GSK3β is a serine/threonine kinase that has been suggested as a putative drug target for several diseases. Recent studies have reported the beneficial effects of cephalosporin antibiotics in cancer and Alzheimer's disease, implying potential inhibition of GSK3β. To investigate this mechanism, four cephalosporins, namely, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cephalexin and cefadroxil were docked into the GSK3β binding pocket. The third-generation cephalosporins, cefixime and ceftriaxone, exhibited the best docking scores due to the exclusive hydrogen bonding between their aminothiazole group and hinge residues of GSK3β. The stability of top-ranked poses and the possibility of covalent bond formation between the carbonyl carbon of the β-lactam ring and the nucleophilic thiol of Cys-199 were evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations and covalent docking. Finally, the in vitro inhibitory activities of the four cephalosporins were measured against GSK3β with and without preincubation. In agreement with the results of molecular docking, cefixime and ceftriaxone exhibited the best inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 2.55 μM and 7.35 μM, respectively. After 60 minutes preincubation with GSK3β, the IC50 values decreased to 0.55 μM for cefixime and 0.78 μM for ceftriaxone, supporting a covalent bond formation as suggested by molecular dynamics simulations and covalent docking. In conclusion, the third-generation cephalosporins are reported herein as GSK3β covalent inhibitors, offering insight into the mechanism behind their benefits in cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Nassar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) 06120 Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) 06120 Germany
| | - Rana Abu Dahab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan
| | - Mutasem Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan
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10
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Mendez-Vazquez H, Roach RL, Nip K, Sathler MF, Garver T, Danzman RA, Moseley MC, Roberts JP, Koch ON, Steger AA, Lee R, Arikkath J, Kim S. The autism-associated loss of δ-catenin functions disrupts social behaviors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523372. [PMID: 36711484 PMCID: PMC9882145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
δ-catenin is expressed in excitatory synapses and functions as an anchor for the glutamatergic AMPA receptor (AMPAR) GluA2 subunit in the postsynaptic density. The glycine 34 to serine (G34S) mutation in the δ-catenin gene is found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients and induces loss of δ-catenin functions at excitatory synapses, which is presumed to underlie ASD pathogenesis in humans. However, how the G34S mutation causes loss of δ-catenin functions to induce ASD remains unclear. Here, using neuroblastoma cells, we discover that the G34S mutation generates an additional phosphorylation site for glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). This promotes δ-catenin degradation and causes the reduction of δ-catenin levels, which likely contributes to the loss of δ-catenin functions. Synaptic δ-catenin and GluA2 levels in the cortex are significantly decreased in mice harboring the δ-catenin G34S mutation. The G34S mutation increases glutamatergic activity in cortical excitatory neurons while it is decreased in inhibitory interneurons, indicating changes in cellular excitation and inhibition. δ-catenin G34S mutant mice also exhibit social dysfunction, a common feature of ASD. Most importantly, inhibition of GSK3β activity reverses the G34S-induced loss of δ-catenin function effects in cells and mice. Finally, using δ-catenin knockout mice, we confirm that δ-catenin is required for GSK3β inhibition-induced restoration of normal social behaviors in δ-catenin G34S mutant animals. Taken together, we reveal that the loss of δ-catenin functions arising from the ASD-associated G34S mutation induces social dysfunction via alterations in glutamatergic activity and that GSK3β inhibition can reverse δ-catenin G34S-induced synaptic and behavioral deficits. Significance Statement δ-catenin is important for the localization and function of glutamatergic AMPA receptors at synapses in many brain regions. The glycine 34 to serine (G34S) mutation in the δ-catenin gene is found in autism patients and results in the loss of δ-catenin functions. δ-catenin expression is also closely linked to other autism-risk genes involved in synaptic structure and function, further implying that it is important for the autism pathophysiology. Importantly, social dysfunction is a key characteristic of autism. Nonetheless, the links between δ-catenin functions and social behaviors are largely unknown. The significance of the current research is thus predicated on filling this gap by discovering the molecular, cellular, and synaptic underpinnings of the role of δ-catenin in social behaviors.
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11
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Hottin C, Perron M, Roger JE. GSK3 Is a Central Player in Retinal Degenerative Diseases but a Challenging Therapeutic Target. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182898. [PMID: 36139472 PMCID: PMC9496697 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a key regulator of many cellular signaling processes and performs a wide range of biological functions in the nervous system. Due to its central role in numerous cellular processes involved in cell degeneration, a rising number of studies have highlighted the interest in developing therapeutics targeting GSK3 to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although recent works strongly suggest that inhibiting GSK3 might also be a promising therapeutic approach for retinal degenerative diseases, its full potential is still under-evaluated. In this review, we summarize the literature on the role of GSK3 on the main cellular functions reported as deregulated during retinal degeneration, such as glucose homeostasis which is critical for photoreceptor survival, or oxidative stress, a major component of retinal degeneration. We also discuss the interest in targeting GSK3 for its beneficial effects on inflammation, for reducing neovascularization that occurs in some retinal dystrophies, or for cell-based therapy by enhancing Müller glia cell proliferation in diseased retina. Together, although GSK3 inhibitors hold promise as therapeutic agents, we highlight the complexity of targeting such a multitasked kinase and the need to increase our knowledge of the impact of reducing GSK3 activity on these multiple cellular pathways and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hottin
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Jérôme E Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
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12
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Kim P, Park J, Lee DJ, Mizuno S, Shinohara M, Hong CP, Jeong Y, Yun R, Park H, Park S, Yang KM, Lee MJ, Jang SP, Kim HY, Lee SJ, Song SU, Park KS, Tanaka M, Ohshima H, Cho JW, Sugiyama F, Takahashi S, Jung HS, Kim SJ. Mast4 determines the cell fate of MSCs for bone and cartilage development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3960. [PMID: 35803931 PMCID: PMC9270402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) differentiation into different lineages is precisely controlled by signaling pathways. Given that protein kinases play a crucial role in signal transduction, here we show that Microtubule Associated Serine/Threonine Kinase Family Member 4 (Mast4) serves as an important mediator of TGF-β and Wnt signal transduction in regulating chondro-osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Suppression of Mast4 by TGF-β1 led to increased Sox9 stability by blocking Mast4-induced Sox9 serine 494 phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation, ultimately enhancing chondrogenesis of MSCs. On the other hand, Mast4 protein, which stability was enhanced by Wnt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β and subsequent Smurf1 recruitment, promoted β-catenin nuclear localization and Runx2 activity, increasing osteogenesis of MSCs. Consistently, Mast4-/- mice demonstrated excessive cartilage synthesis, while exhibiting osteoporotic phenotype. Interestingly, Mast4 depletion in MSCs facilitated cartilage formation and regeneration in vivo. Altogether, our findings uncover essential roles of Mast4 in determining the fate of MSC development into cartilage or bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyunggang Kim
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam City, 463-400, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Korea
- Amoris Bio Inc, Seoul, 06668, Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, 359-8555, Japan
| | | | - Yealeen Jeong
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Korea
| | - Rebecca Yun
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Korea
| | | | - Min-Jung Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | | | - Hyun-Yi Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- NGeneS Inc., Ansan-si, 15495, Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sun U Song
- Research Institute, SCM Lifescience Inc., Incheon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam City, 463-400, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Mikako Tanaka
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Dental Laboratory Technology, Meirin College, Niigata, 950-2086, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology and Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Korea.
- Medpacto Inc., Seoul, 06668, Korea.
- TheragenEtex Co., Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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13
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Pathobiology and Therapeutic Relevance of GSK-3 in Chronic Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111812. [PMID: 35681507 PMCID: PMC9180032 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes. GSK-3 comprises two isoforms (α and β) which were originally discovered in 1980 as enzymes involved in glucose metabolism via inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Differently from other proteins kinases, GSK-3 isoforms are constitutively active in resting cells, and their modulation mainly involves inhibition through upstream regulatory networks. In the early 1990s, GSK-3 isoforms were implicated as key players in cancer cell pathobiology. Active GSK-3 facilitates the destruction of multiple oncogenic proteins which include β-catenin and Master regulator of cell cycle entry and proliferative metabolism (c-Myc). Therefore, GSK-3 was initially considered to be a tumor suppressor. Consistently, GSK-3 is often inactivated in cancer cells through dysregulated upstream signaling pathways. However, over the past 10–15 years, a growing number of studies highlighted that in some cancer settings GSK-3 isoforms inhibit tumor suppressing pathways and therefore act as tumor promoters. In this article, we will discuss the multiple and often enigmatic roles played by GSK-3 isoforms in some chronic hematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas) which are among the most common blood cancer cell types. We will also summarize possible novel strategies targeting GSK-3 for innovative therapies of these disorders.
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14
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Shen W, Zhou Q, Peng C, Li J, Yuan Q, Zhu H, Zhao M, Jiang X, Liu W, Ren C. FBXW7 and the Hallmarks of Cancer: Underlying Mechanisms and Prospective Strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880077. [PMID: 35515121 PMCID: PMC9063462 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FBXW7, a member of the F-box protein family within the ubiquitin–proteasome system, performs an indispensable role in orchestrating cellular processes through ubiquitination and degradation of its substrates, such as c-MYC, mTOR, MCL-1, Notch, and cyclin E. Mainly functioning as a tumor suppressor, inactivation of FBXW7 induces the aberrations of its downstream pathway, resulting in the occurrence of diseases especially tumorigenesis. Here, we decipher the relationship between FBXW7 and the hallmarks of cancer and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Considering the interplay of cancer hallmarks, we propose several prospective strategies for circumventing the deficits of therapeutic resistance and complete cure of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quanwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxi Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qizhi Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Wang T, Woodman P, Humphrey SJ, Petersen J. Environmental control of Pub1 (NEDD4 family E3 ligase) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe is regulated by TORC2 and Gsk3. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/5/e202101082. [PMID: 35121625 PMCID: PMC8817228 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NEDD4 family E3 ligase Pub1 is regulated by the nutrient environment, TORC2, and Gsk3 signalling pathway to control the level of amino acid transporters on the plasma membrane and thus nutrient uptake. Cells respond to changing nutrient environments by adjusting the abundance of surface nutrient transporters and receptors. This can be achieved by modulating ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis, which in part is regulated by the NEDD4 family of E3 ligases. Here we report novel regulation of Pub1, a fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe member of the NEDD4-family of E3 ligases. We show that nitrogen stress inhibits Pub1 function, thereby increasing the abundance of the amino acid transporter Aat1 at the plasma membrane and enhancing sensitivity to the toxic arginine analogue canavanine. We show that TOR complex 2 (TORC2) signalling negatively regulates Pub1, thus TORC2 mutants under nutrient stress have decreased Aat1 at the plasma membrane and are resistant to canavanine. Inhibition of TORC2 signalling increases Pub1 phosphorylation, and this is dependent on Gsk3 activity. Addition of the Tor inhibitor Torin1 increases phosphorylation of Pub1 at serine 199 (S199) by 2.5-fold, and Pub1 protein levels in S199A phospho-ablated mutants are reduced. S199 is conserved in NEDD4 and is located immediately upstream of a WW domain required for protein interaction. Together, we describe how the major TORC2 nutrient-sensing signalling network regulates environmental control of Pub1 to modulate the abundance of nutrient transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philip Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Janni Petersen
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Pan HY, Valapala M. Regulation of Autophagy by the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031709. [PMID: 35163631 PMCID: PMC8836041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital cellular mechanism that benefits cellular maintenance and survival during cell stress. It can eliminate damaged or long-lived organelles and improperly folded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis, development, and differentiation. Impaired autophagy is associated with several diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Several signaling pathways are associated with the regulation of the autophagy pathway. The glycogen synthase kinase-3 signaling pathway was reported to regulate the autophagy pathway. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which the GSK-3 signaling pathway regulates autophagy. Autophagy and lysosomal function are regulated by transcription factor EB (TFEB). GSK-3 was shown to be involved in the regulation of TFEB nuclear expression in an mTORC1-dependent manner. In addition to mTORC1, GSK-3β also regulates TFEB via the protein kinase C (PKC) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A-3 (eIF4A3) signaling pathways. In addition to TFEB, we will also discuss the mechanisms by which the GSK-3 signaling pathway regulates autophagy by modulating other signaling molecules and autophagy inducers including, mTORC1, AKT and ULK1. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of the GSK-3 signaling pathway in the regulation of autophagy.
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17
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García-Yagüe ÁJ, Lastres-Becker I, Stefanis L, Vassilatis DK, Cuadrado A. α-Synuclein Induces the GSK-3-Mediated Phosphorylation and Degradation of NURR1 and Loss of Dopaminergic Hallmarks. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6697-6711. [PMID: 34609698 PMCID: PMC8639559 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease, the dysfunction of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract involves the loss of function of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta followed by death of these neurons. The functional recovery of these neurons requires a deep knowledge of the molecules that maintain the dopaminergic phenotype during adulthood and the mechanisms that subvert their activity. Previous studies have shown that transcription factor NURR1, involved in differentiation and maintenance of the dopaminergic phenotype, is downregulated by α-synuclein (α-SYN). In this study, we provide a mechanistic explanation to this finding by connecting α-SYN-induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with NURR1 phosphorylation followed by proteasomal degradation. The use of sequential deletion mutants and single point mutants of NURR1 allowed the identification of a domain comprising amino acids 123-PSSPPTPSTPS-134 that is targeted by GSK-3 and leads to subsequent ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. This study provides a detailed analysis of the regulation of NURR1 stability by phosphorylation in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Juan García-Yagüe
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1St Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios K Vassilatis
- Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Pecoraro C, Faggion B, Balboni B, Carbone D, Peters GJ, Diana P, Assaraf YG, Giovannetti E. GSK3β as a novel promising target to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100779. [PMID: 34461526 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and intrinsic chemoresistance. Most pancreatic cancer patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease characterized by inherent resistance to chemotherapy. These features pose a series of therapeutic challenges and new targets are urgently needed. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase, which regulates key cellular processes including cell proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle progression, signaling and metabolic pathways. GSK3β is implicated in non-malignant and malignant diseases including inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. GSK3β recently emerged among the key factors involved in the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer, as well as in the acquisition of chemoresistance. Intensive research has been conducted on key oncogenic functions of GSK3β and its potential as a druggable target; currently developed GSK3β inhibitors display promising results in preclinical models of distinct tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. Here, we review the latest findings about GSK-3β biology and its role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we discuss therapeutic agents targeting GSK3β that could be administered as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs to surmount chemoresistance. Several studies are also defining potential gene signatures to identify patients who might benefit from GSK3β-based therapeutic intervention. This detailed overview emphasizes the urgent need of additional molecular studies on the impact of GSK3β inhibition as well as structural analysis of novel compounds and omics studies of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Faggion
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Balboni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy, and Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme (Pisa), Italy.
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19
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Jiang Q, Zheng N, Bu L, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wu Y, Su Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Ren S, Dai X, Wu D, Xie W, Wei W, Zhu Y, Guo J. SPOP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of PDK1 suppresses AKT kinase activity and oncogenic functions. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:100. [PMID: 34353330 PMCID: PMC8340461 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) acts as a master kinase of protein kinase A, G, and C family (AGC) kinase to predominantly govern cell survival, proliferation, and metabolic homeostasis. Although the regulations to PDK1 downstream substrates such as protein kinase B (AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta (S6K) have been well established, the upstream regulators of PDK1, especially its degrader, has not been defined yet. Method A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based E3 ligase screening approach was employed to identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase for degrading PDK1. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were performed to detect the interaction or location of PDK1 with speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to study the expression of PDK1 and SPOP in prostate cancer tissues. In vivo and in vitro ubiquitination assays were performed to measure the ubiquitination conjugation of PDK1 by SPOP. In vitro kinase assays and mass spectrometry approach were carried out to identify casein kinase 1 (CK1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-mediated PDK1 phosphorylation. The biological effects of PDK1 mutations and correlation with SPOP mutations were performed with colony formation, soft agar assays and in vivo xenograft mouse models. Results We identified that PDK1 underwent SPOP-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation. Specifically, SPOP directly bound PDK1 by the consensus degron in a CK1/GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation dependent manner. Pathologically, prostate cancer patients associated mutations of SPOP impaired PDK1 degradation and thus activated the AKT kinase, resulting in tumor malignancies. Meanwhile, mutations that occurred around or within the PDK1 degron, by either blocking SPOP to bind the degron or inhibiting CK1 or GSK3β-mediated PDK1 phosphorylation, could markedly evade SPOP-mediated PDK1 degradation, and played potently oncogenic roles via activating the AKT kinase. Conclusions Our results not only reveal a physiological regulation of PDK1 by E3 ligase SPOP, but also highlight the oncogenic roles of loss-of-function mutations of SPOP or gain-of-function mutations of PDK1 in tumorigenesis through activating the AKT kinase. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01397-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Jiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Nana Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lang Bu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqing Su
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Yasheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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20
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ARIH1 signaling promotes anti-tumor immunity by targeting PD-L1 for proteasomal degradation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2346. [PMID: 33879767 PMCID: PMC8058344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer expression of PD-L1 suppresses anti-tumor immunity. PD-L1 has emerged as a remarkable therapeutic target. However, the regulation of PD-L1 degradation is not understood. Here, we identify several compounds as inducers of PD-L1 degradation using a high-throughput drug screen. We find EGFR inhibitors promote PD-L1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation following GSK3α-mediated phosphorylation of Ser279/Ser283. We identify ARIH1 as the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for targeting PD-L1 to degradation. Overexpression of ARIH1 suppresses tumor growth and promotes cytotoxic T cell activation in wild-type, but not in immunocompromised mice, highlighting the role of ARIH1 in anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, combining EGFR inhibitor ES-072 with anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy results in an additive effect on both tumor growth and cytotoxic T cell activation. Our results delineate a mechanism of PD-L1 degradation and cancer escape from immunity via EGFR-GSK3α-ARIH1 signaling and suggest GSK3α and ARIH1 might be potential drug targets to boost anti-tumor immunity and enhance immunotherapies.
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21
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Colozza G, Koo BK. Wnt/β-catenin signaling: Structure, assembly and endocytosis of the signalosome. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:199-218. [PMID: 33619734 PMCID: PMC8251975 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is an ancient pathway that regulates key aspects of embryonic development, cell differentiation, proliferation, and adult stem cell homeostasis. Work from different laboratories has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the Wnt pathway, including structural details of ligand–receptor interactions. One key aspect that has emerged from multiple studies is that endocytosis of the receptor complex plays a crucial role in fine‐tuning Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Endocytosis is a key process involved in both activation as well as attenuation of Wnt signaling, but how this is regulated is still poorly understood. Importantly, recent findings show that Wnt also regulates central metabolic pathways such as the acquisition of nutrients through actin‐driven endocytic mechanisms. In this review, we propose that the Wnt pathway displays diverse characteristics that go beyond the regulation of gene expression, through a connection with the endocytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Colozza
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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22
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Sriram D, Dayma K, Devi AS, Raghawan AK, Rawat S, Radha V. Complex formation and reciprocal regulation between GSK3β and C3G. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118964. [PMID: 33450305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GSK3β, a ubiquitously expressed Ser/Thr kinase, regulates cell metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. Its activity is spatially and temporally regulated dependent on external stimuli and interacting partners, and its deregulation is associated with various human disorders. In this study, we identify C3G (RapGEF1), a protein essential for mammalian embryonic development as an interacting partner and substrate of GSK3β. In vivo and in vitro interaction assays demonstrated that GSK3β and Akt are present in complex with C3G. Molecular modelling and mutational analysis identified a domain in C3G that aids interaction with GSK3β, and overlaps with its nuclear export sequence. GSK3β phosphorylates C3G on primed as well as unprimed sites, and regulates its subcellular localization. Over-expression of C3G resulted in activation of Akt and inactivation of GSK3β. Huntingtin aggregate formation, dependent on GSK3β inhibition, was enhanced upon C3G overexpression. Stable clones of C2C12 cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockdown of C3G, that cannot differentiate, show reduced Akt activity and S9-GSK3β phosphorylation compared to wild type cells. Co-expression of catalytically active GSK3β inhibited C3G induced myocyte differentiation. C3G mutant defective for GSK3β phosphorylation, does not alter S9-GSK3β phosphorylation and, is compromised for inducing myocyte differentiation. Our results show complex formation and reciprocal regulation between GSK3β and C3G. We have identified a novel function of C3G as a negative regulator of GSK3β, a property important for its ability to induce myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sriram
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Kunal Dayma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ambure Sharada Devi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Shivali Rawat
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Vegesna Radha
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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23
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Li L, Wei J, Suber TL, Ye Q, Miao J, Li S, Taleb SJ, Tran KC, Tamaskar AS, Zhao J, Zhao Y. IL-37-induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β promotes IL-1R8/Sigirr phosphorylation, internalization, and degradation in lung epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5676-5685. [PMID: 33400290 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-37 diminishes a variety of inflammatory responses through ligation to its receptor IL-1R8/Sigirr. Sigirr is a Toll like receptor/IL-1R family member. We have shown that Sigirr is not stable in response to IL-37 treatment. IL-37-induced Sigirr degradation is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the process is reversed by a deubiquitinase, USP13. However, the molecular mechanisms by which USP13 regulates Sigirr stability have not been revealed. In this study, we investigate the roles of glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) in Sigirr phosphorylation and stability. IL-37 stimulation induced Sigirr phosphorylation and degradation, as well as activation of GSK3β. Inhibition of GSK3β attenuated IL-37-induced Sigirr phosphorylation, while exogenous expressed GSK3β promoted Sigirr phosphorylation at threonine (T)372 residue. Sigirr association with GSK3β was detected. Amino acid residues 51-101 in GSK3β were identified as the Sigirr binding domain. These data indicate that GSK3β mediates IL-37-induced threonine phosphorylation of Sigirr. Further, we investigated the role of GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of Sigirr in Sigirr degradation. Inhibition of GSK3β attenuated IL-37-induced Sigirr degradation, while T372 mutant of Sigirr was resistant to IL-37-mediated degradation. Furthermore, inhibition of Sigirr phosphorylation prevented Sigirr internalization and association with USP13, suggesting GSK3β promotes Sigirr degradation through disrupting Sigirr association with USP13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianxin Wei
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomeka L Suber
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qinmao Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiaxing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah J Taleb
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin C Tran
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Arya S Tamaskar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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24
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Feng P, Li L, Dai J, Zhou L, Liu J, Zhao J, Li X, Ling N, Qiu S, Zhang L, Xie T, Chen Y, Donovan MJ, Peng T, Song J, Ye M. The regulation of NONO by USP11 via deubiquitination is linked to the proliferation of melanoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1507-1517. [PMID: 33369124 PMCID: PMC7875907 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin‐specific protease 11 (USP11) has been implicated in the regulation of DNA repair, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell cycle. It belongs to a USP subfamily of deubiquitinases. Although previous research has shown that USP11 overexpression is frequently found in melanoma and is correlated with a poor prognosis, the potential molecular mechanism of USP11 in melanoma remains indefinitive. Here, we report that USP11 and NONO colocalize and interact with each other in the nucleus of melanoma cells. As a result, the knockdown of USP11 decreases NONO levels. Whereas, overexpression of USP11 increases NONO levels in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, we reveal that USP11 protects NONO protein from proteasome‐mediated degradation by removing poly‐ubiquitin chains conjugated onto NONO. Functionally, USP11 mediated melanoma cell proliferation via the regulation of NONO levels because ablation of USP11 inhibits the proliferation which could be rescued by ectopic expression of NONO protein. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between USP11 and NONO concentrations was found in clinical melanoma samples. Collectively, these results demonstrate that USP11 is a new deubiquitinase of NONO and that the signalling axis of USP11‐NONO is significantly involved in melanoma proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Ling
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinglei Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael J Donovan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianhuan Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhui Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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25
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De Simone A, Tumiatti V, Andrisano V, Milelli A. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: A New Gold Rush in Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Multitarget Drug Discovery? J Med Chem 2020; 64:26-41. [PMID: 33346659 PMCID: PMC8016207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease (AD), like other multifactorial diseases,
is the result of a systemic breakdown of different physiological networks.
As result, several lines of evidence suggest that it could be more
efficiently tackled by molecules directed toward different dysregulated
biochemical targets or pathways. In this context, the selection of
targets to which the new molecules will be directed is crucial. For
years, the design of such multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) has
been based on the selection of main targets involved in the “cholinergic”
and the “β-amyloid” hypothesis. Recently, there
have been some reports on MTDLs targeting the glycogen synthase kinase
3β (GSK-3β) enzyme, due to its appealing properties. Indeed,
this enzyme is involved in tau hyperphosphorylation, controls a multitude
of CNS-specific signaling pathways, and establishes strict connections
with several factors implicated in AD pathogenesis. In the present
Miniperspective, we will discuss the reasons behind the development
of GSK-3β-directed MTDLs and highlight some of the recent efforts
to obtain these new classes of MTDLs as potential disease-modifying
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tumiatti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d' Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d' Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d' Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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26
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Wu S, Chen M, Huang J, Zhang F, Lv Z, Jia Y, Cui YZ, Sun LZ, Wang Y, Tang Y, Verhoeft KR, Li Y, Qin Y, Lin X, Guan XY, Lam KO. ORAI2 Promotes Gastric Cancer Tumorigenicity and Metastasis through PI3K/Akt Signaling and MAPK-Dependent Focal Adhesion Disassembly. Cancer Res 2020; 81:986-1000. [PMID: 33310726 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous second messenger Ca2+ has long been recognized as a key regulator in cell migration. Locally confined Ca2+, in particular, is essential for building front-to-rear Ca2+ gradient, which serves to maintain the morphologic polarity required in directionally migrating cells. However, little is known about the source of the Ca2+ and the mechanism by which they crosstalk between different signaling pathways in cancer cells. Here, we report that calcium release-activated calcium modulator 2 (ORAI2), a poorly characterized store-operated calcium (SOC) channel subunit, predominantly upregulated in the lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer, supports cell proliferation and migration. Clinical data reveal that a high frequency of ORAI2-positive cells in gastric cancer tissues significantly correlated with poor differentiation, invasion, lymph node metastasis, and worse prognosis. Gain- and loss-of-function showed that ORAI2 promotes cell motility, tumor formation, and metastasis in both gastric cancer cell lines and mice. Mechanistically, ORAI2 mediated SOC activity and regulated tumorigenic properties through the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Moreover, ORAI2 enhanced the metastatic ability of gastric cancer cells by inducing FAK-mediated MAPK/ERK activation and promoted focal adhesion disassembly at rear-edge of the cell. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ORAI2 is a novel gene that plays an important role in the tumorigenicity and metastasis of gastric cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings describe the critical role of ORAI2 in gastric cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis and uncover the translational potential to advance drug discovery along the ORAI2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayi Wu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhaojie Lv
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongxu Jia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Cui
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang-Zhan Sun
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Krista R Verhoeft
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ka-On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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mTOR-targeted cancer therapy: great target but disappointing clinical outcomes, why? Front Med 2020; 15:221-231. [PMID: 33165737 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) critically regulates several essential biological functions, such as cell growth, metabolism, survival, and immune response by forming two important complexes, namely, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2). mTOR signaling is often dysregulated in cancers and has been considered an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Great efforts have been made to develop efficacious mTOR inhibitors, particularly mTOR kinase inhibitors, which suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2; however, major success has not been achieved. With the strong scientific rationale, the intriguing question is why cancers are insensitive or not responsive to mTOR-targeted cancer therapy in clinics. Beyond early findings on induced activation of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and Mnk/eIF4E survival signaling pathways that compromise the efficacy of rapalog-based cancer therapy, recent findings on the essential role of GSK3 in mediating cancer cell response to mTOR inhibitors and mTORC1 inhibition-induced upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells may provide some explanations. These new findings may also offer us the opportunity to rationally utilize mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy. Further elucidation of the biology of complicated mTOR networks may bring us the hope to develop effective therapeutic strategies with mTOR inhibitors against cancer.
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28
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Gou Q, Dong C, Xu H, Khan B, Jin J, Liu Q, Shi J, Hou Y. PD-L1 degradation pathway and immunotherapy for cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:955. [PMID: 33159034 PMCID: PMC7648632 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274) is an essential immune checkpoint protein that binds to programmed death 1 (PD-1) on T-lymphocytes. T cell plays a critical role in killing cancer cells while the cancer cell exhibits immune escape by the expression of PD-L1. The binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 inhibits T cell proliferation and activity, leading to tumor immunosuppression. Increasing evidence shows that PD-L1 protein undergoes degradation in proteasomes or lysosomes by multiple pathways, leading to enhanced immunotherapy for cancer. Although some specific drugs induce PD-L1 degradation and increase antitumor activity, the combination of these drugs with PD-L1/PD-1 blockade significantly enhances cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we have discussed the interaction of PD-L1 degradation with cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Chen Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Bibimaryam Khan
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, China.,Department of Oncology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 212017, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, China.,Department of Oncology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 212017, China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China.
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29
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Recent Advances on the Role of GSK3β in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100675. [PMID: 32993098 PMCID: PMC7600609 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration. Although several studies on genes involved in ALS have substantially expanded and improved our understanding of ALS pathogenesis, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying this disease remain poorly understood. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in the regulation of various cellular signaling pathways. Dysregulation of GSK3β activity in neuronal cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous research indicates that GSK3β inactivation plays a neuroprotective role in ALS pathogenesis. GSK3β activity shows an increase in various ALS models and patients. Furthermore, GSK3β inhibition can suppress the defective phenotypes caused by SOD, TDP-43, and FUS expression in various models. This review focuses on the most recent studies related to the therapeutic effect of GSK3β in ALS and provides an overview of how the dysfunction of GSK3β activity contributes to ALS pathogenesis.
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30
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Iwaloye O, Elekofehinti OO, Oluwarotimi EA, Kikiowo BI, Fadipe TM. Insight into glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitory activity of phyto-constituents from Melissa officinalis: in silico studies. In Silico Pharmacol 2020; 8:2. [PMID: 32968615 PMCID: PMC7487069 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-020-00054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over activity of Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine-protein kinase has been implicated in a number of diseases including stroke, type II diabetes and Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to find novel inhibitors of GSK-3β from phyto-constituents of Melissa officinalis with the aid of computational analysis. Molecular docking, induced-fit docking (IFD), calculation of binding free energy via the MM-GBSA approach and Lipinski's rule of five (RO5) were employed to filter the compounds and determine their druggability. Most importantly, the compounds pIC50 were predicted by machine learning-based model generated by AutoQSAR algorithm. The generated model was validated to affirm its predictive model. The best model obtained was Model kpls_desc_38 (R2 = 0.8467 and Q2 = 0.8069), and this external validated model was utilized to predict the bioactivities of the lead compounds. While a number of characterized compounds from Melissa officinalis showed better docking score, binding free energy alongside adherence to RO5 than co-cystallized ligand, only three compounds (salvianolic acid C, ellagic acid and naringenin) showed more satisfactory pIC50. The results obtained in this study can be useful to design potent inhibitors of GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Ayo Oluwarotimi
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Babatom iwa Kikiowo
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Toyin Mary Fadipe
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
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31
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Li T, Zou C. The Role of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4842. [PMID: 32650621 PMCID: PMC7402294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are characterized by an inflammatory response, alveolar edema, and hypoxemia. ARDS occurs most often in the settings of pneumonia, sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, or severe trauma. The prevalence of ARDS is approximately 10% in patients of intensive care. There is no effective remedy with mortality high at 30-40%. Most functional proteins are dynamic and stringently governed by ubiquitin proteasomal degradation. Protein ubiquitination is reversible, the covalently attached monoubiquitin or polyubiquitin moieties within the targeted protein can be removed by a group of enzymes called deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Deubiquitination plays an important role in the pathobiology of ALI/ARDS as it regulates proteins critical in engagement of the alveolo-capillary barrier and in the inflammatory response. In this review, we provide an overview of how DUBs emerge in pathogen-induced pulmonary inflammation and related aspects in ALI/ARDS. Better understanding of deubiquitination-relatedsignaling may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting specific elements of the deubiquitination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunbin Zou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of BR-defective mutant reveals a key role of GhSK13 in regulating cotton fiber development. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1905-1917. [PMID: 32632733 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR), a steroid phytohormone, whose signaling transduction pathways include a series of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events, and GSK3s are the main negative regulator kinases. BRs have been shown to play vital roles in cotton fiber elongation. However, the underlying mechanism is still elusive. In this study, fibers of a BR-defective mutant Pagoda 1 (pag1), and its corresponding wild-type (ZM24) were selected for a comparative global phosphoproteome analysis at critical developmental time points: fast-growing stage (10 days after pollination (DPA)) and secondary cell wall synthesis stage (20 DPA). Based on the substrate characteristics of GSK3, 900 potential substrates were identified. Their GO and KEGG annotation results suggest that BR functions in fiber development by regulating GhSKs (GSK3s of Gossypium hirsutum L.) involved microtubule cytoskeleton organization, and pathways of glucose, sucrose and lipid metabolism. Further experimental results revealed that among the GhSK members identified, GhSK13 not only plays a role in BR signaling pathway, but also functions in developing fiber by respectively interacting with an AP2-like ethylene-responsive factor GhAP2L, a nuclear transcription factor Gh_DNF_YB19, and a homeodomain zipper member GhHDZ5. Overall, our phosphoproteomic research advances the understanding of fiber development controlled by BR signal pathways especially through GhSKs, and also offers numbers of target proteins for improving cotton fiber quality.
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Arctigenin inhibits proliferation of ER-positive breast cancer cells through cell cycle arrest mediated by GSK3-dependent cyclin D1 degradation. Life Sci 2020; 256:117983. [PMID: 32565252 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) positive accounts for a large proportion of breast cancer. Although there are many targeted therapeutic drugs, the emergence of drug resistance urgently requires the development of new drugs. Arctigenin (Arc), a lignan found in certain plants of the Asteraceae, has the effect on inhibiting breast cancer, but its molecular mechanism has not been clear. AIMS To this end, the current study focuses on understanding the mechanism of Arc on ER-positive breast cancer cells. MAIN METHODS Colony formation experiments and sulforhodamine B methods were used to determine the growth-inhibitory effect of Arc. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Alterations of signaling proteins were measured by Western blotting. Protein degradation was determined by comparing protein half-lives and inhibiting proteasome. KEY FINDINGS The experimental results show that Arc did not induce apoptosis in ER-positive breast cancer cell, rather caused G1 cycle arrest by decreasing cyclin D1 levels without effect on altering CDK4/6 levels. Moreover, we have demonstrated that Arc decreases cyclin D1 levels through prompting Akt/GSK3β-mediated degradation. SIGNIFICANCE These findings warrant the potential of Arc as a candidate treatment for ER-positive breast cancer.
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β in Cancer Biology and Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061388. [PMID: 32503133 PMCID: PMC7349761 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with more than 100 substrates and interacting molecules. GSK3β is normally active in cells and negative regulation of GSK3β activity via phosphorylation of its serine 9 residue is required for most normal cells to maintain homeostasis. Aberrant expression and activity of GSK3β contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of common recalcitrant diseases such as glucose intolerance, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Despite recognized roles against several proto-oncoproteins and mediators of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, deregulated GSK3β also participates in tumor cell survival, evasion of apoptosis, proliferation and invasion, as well as sustaining cancer stemness and inducing therapy resistance. A therapeutic effect from GSK3β inhibition has been demonstrated in 25 different cancer types. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that GSK3β inhibition protects normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects associated with conventional cancer therapies. Here, we review the evidence supporting aberrant GSK3β as a hallmark property of cancer and highlight the beneficial effects of GSK3β inhibition on normal cells and tissues during cancer therapy. The biological rationale for targeting GSK3β in the treatment of cancer is also discussed at length.
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Inoue C, Sobue S, Kawamoto Y, Nishizawa Y, Ichihara M, Abe A, Hayakawa F, Suzuki M, Nozawa Y, Murate T. Involvement of MCL1, c-myc, and cyclin D2 protein degradation in ponatinib-induced cytotoxicity against T315I(+) Ph+leukemia cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:1074-1080. [PMID: 32184020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
T315I mutation found in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Ph + ALL patients is the most serious one among resistance against BCR/ABL kinase inhibitors including imatinib and is only responsive to ponatinib (PNT). However, the novel strategy is required to reduce life-threatening adverse effects of PNT including ischemic cardiovascular disease. We examined the mechanism of PNT-induced cytotoxicity against a T315I(+) Ph + ALL cell line, TccY/Sr. PNT induced apoptosis (increased sub G1 cells, and cleaved caspase3 and PARP), and suppressed protein expression of MCL1, cyclin D2 and c-myc, which were reversed by a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, suggesting enhanced proteasomal degradation by PNT. Among BCL2 family inhibitors, MCL1 inhibitors (maritoclax and AZD5991) robustly induced cell death, showing the MCL1-dependent survival of TccY/Sr cells. Decreased MCL1 and c-myc expression by PNT was also observed in T315I(+) MEGA2/STIR cells. PNT suppressed PI3K activation followed by AKT inhibition and GSK3 dephosphorylation. PI3K/AKT inhibitors mimicked PNT, suggesting that PI3K/AKT signaling is important for survival of TccY/Sr cells. Moreover, GSK3 inhibitor (SB216763) reduced PNT-induced cytotoxicity and degradation of c-myc and MCL1. AZD5991 exhibited the synergistic action with PNT, anti-cancer drugs and venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor), suggesting the utility of MCL1 inhibitor alone or in combination as a future clinical option for Ph + leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Inoue
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sobue
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawamoto
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishizawa
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ichihara
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Abe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | | | - Takahsi Murate
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.
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Butler VJ, Salazar DA, Soriano-Castell D, Alves-Ferreira M, Dennissen FJA, Vohra M, Oses-Prieto JA, Li KH, Wang AL, Jing B, Li B, Groisman A, Gutierrez E, Mooney S, Burlingame AL, Ashrafi K, Mandelkow EM, Encalada SE, Kao AW. Tau/MAPT disease-associated variant A152T alters tau function and toxicity via impaired retrograde axonal transport. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1498-1514. [PMID: 30590647 PMCID: PMC6489414 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) underlie multiple neurodegenerative disorders, yet the pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear. A novel variant in MAPT resulting in an alanine to threonine substitution at position 152 (A152T tau) has recently been described as a significant risk factor for both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer’s disease. Here we use complementary computational, biochemical, molecular, genetic and imaging approaches in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse models to interrogate the effects of the A152T variant on tau function. In silico analysis suggests that a threonine at position 152 of tau confers a new phosphorylation site. This finding is borne out by mass spectrometric survey of A152T tau phosphorylation in C. elegans and mouse. Optical pulse-chase experiments of Dendra2-tau demonstrate that A152T tau and phosphomimetic A152E tau exhibit increased diffusion kinetics and the ability to traverse across the axon initial segment more efficiently than wild-type (WT) tau. A C. elegans model of tauopathy reveals that A152T and A152E tau confer patterns of developmental toxicity distinct from WT tau, likely due to differential effects on retrograde axonal transport. These data support a role for phosphorylation of the variant threonine in A152T tau toxicity and suggest a mechanism involving impaired retrograde axonal transport contributing to human neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Butler
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dominique A Salazar
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Soriano-Castell
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miguel Alves-Ferreira
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Frank J A Dennissen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, Bonn, Germany.,MPI for Neurological Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany.,The Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mihir Vohra
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathy H Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Austin L Wang
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Beibei Jing
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Biao Li
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Gutierrez
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean Mooney
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaveh Ashrafi
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, Bonn, Germany.,MPI for Neurological Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany.,The Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra E Encalada
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aimee W Kao
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Li X, Ortiz MA, Kotula L. The physiological role of Wnt pathway in normal development and cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:411-426. [PMID: 31996036 PMCID: PMC7082880 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220901683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, many studies have illustrated the critical roles of Wnt signaling pathways in both developmental processes as well as tumorigenesis. Due to the complexity of Wnt signaling regulation, there are still questions to be addressed about ways cells are able to manipulate different types of Wnt pathways in order to fulfill the requirements for normal or cancer development. In this review, we will describe different types of Wnt signaling pathways and their roles in both normal developmental processes and their role in cancer development and progression. Additionally, we will briefly introduce new strategies currently in clinical trials targeting Wnt signaling pathway components for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Maria A Ortiz
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Leszek Kotula
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Kang Q, Gong J, Wang M, Wang Q, Chen F, Cheng KW. 6-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)Naringenin Attenuates the Stemness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13939-13947. [PMID: 31769973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a novel semi-natural derivative of naringenin, 6-C-(E-phenylethenyl)naringenin (6-CEPN) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stemness was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. 6-CEPN reduced HCC cell viability, inhibited sphere formation, cell migration and invasion, and blocked epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It was equally effective against NANOG+ cells sorted from cultured HCC cells that was accompanied by downregulation of stemness-associated transcription factors and attenuated HIF-1 activity. Furthermore, 6-CEPN significantly enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to therapeutic drugs, and inhibited HCC tumor growth and lung metastasis of HCC cells. 6-CEPN suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inducing β-catenin degradation and inhibiting its nuclear translocation. Upregulation of GSK3β appeared to be crucial for 6-CEPN's inhibitory activity in the signaling pathway. These findings indicate that 6-CEPN has a strong effect against liver cancer, which is mediated, at least in part, by suppressing the stemness of HCC cells through an action mechanism involving Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzheng Kang
- Institute for Advanced Study , Shenzhen University , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Jun Gong
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Macau 999078 , China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing , Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study , Shenzhen University , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518060 , China
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Institute for Advanced Study , Shenzhen University , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518060 , China
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6-Gingerol induces cell-cycle G1-phase arrest through AKT-GSK 3β-cyclin D1 pathway in renal-cell carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 85:379-390. [PMID: 31832810 PMCID: PMC7015962 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose 6-Gingerol, a major biochemical and pharmacological active ingredient of ginger, has shown anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities against various cancers. Searching for natural products with fewer side effects for developing adjunctive therapeutic options is necessary. Methods The effects of 6-gingerol on proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle in RCC cells were detected by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation assay, and propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively. Western blotting, an immunofluorescence assay, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to assess the expression of relevant proteins. A subcutaneous tumor model was set up to investigate the 6-gingerol effects on tumor growth in vivo, and the pharmacokinetics of 6-gingerol in mice were detected by LC/MS assays. Results 6-Gingerol treatment exerted time- and dose-dependent inhibition of the growth and colony formation of ACHN, 786-O, and 769-P cells, leading to a concomitant induction of cell-cycle G1-phase arrest and decrease in Ki-67 expression in the cell nucleus. Western-blotting results showed that 6-gingerol reduces phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) Ser 473, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4), and cyclin D1 and, meanwhile, increases glycogen synthase kinase (GSK 3β) protein amount. Furthermore, the efficacy of 6-gingerol was demonstrated in an in vivo murine model of 786-O. Conclusion The above results indicate that 6-gingerol can induce cell-cycle arrest and cell-growth inhibition through the AKT–GSK 3β–cyclin D1 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that 6-gingerol should be useful for renal-cell carcinoma treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00280-019-03999-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Girotti M, Silva JD, George CM, Morilak DA. Ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling in the rat orbitofrontal cortex ameliorates stress-induced deficits in reversal learning. Neuropharmacology 2019; 160:107791. [PMID: 31553898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in cognitive flexibility, i.e. the ability to modify behavior in response to changes in the environment, are present in several psychiatric disorders and are often refractory to treatment. However, improving treatment response has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the neurobiology of cognitive flexibility. Using a rat model of chronic stress (chronic intermittent cold stress, CIC) that produces selective deficits in reversal learning, a form of cognitive flexibility dependent on orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function, we have previously shown that JAK2 signaling is required for optimal reversal learning. In this study we explore the molecular basis of those effects. We show that, within the OFC, CIC stress reduces the levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a promoter of neuronal survival and an activator of JAK2 signaling, and that neutralizing endogenous CNTF with an intra-OFC microinjection of a specific antibody is sufficient to produce reversal-learning deficits similar to stress. Intra-OFC delivery of recombinant CNTF to CIC-stressed rats, at a dose that induces JAK2 and Akt but not STAT3 or ERK, ameliorates reversal-learning deficits, and Akt blockade prevents the positive effects of CNTF. Further analysis revealed that CNTF may exert its beneficial effects by inhibiting GSK3β, a substrate of Akt and a regulator of protein degradation. We also revealed a novel mechanism of CNTF action through modulation of p38/Mnk1/eIF4E signaling. This cascade controls translation of select mRNAs, including those encoding several plasticity-related proteins. Thus, we suggest that CNTF-driven JAK2 signaling corrects stress-induced reversal learning deficits by modulating the steady-state levels of plasticity-related proteins in the OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Girotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Jeri D Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Christina M George
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - David A Morilak
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Wang X, Cui H, Wu S. CTGF: A potential therapeutic target for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang S, Qian G, Zhang QQ, Yao Y, Wang D, Chen ZG, Wang LJ, Chen M, Sun SY. mTORC2 Suppresses GSK3-Dependent Snail Degradation to Positively Regulate Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3725-3736. [PMID: 31142514 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) positively regulates cell invasion and metastasis by enhancing translation of Snail. A connection between mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) and cell invasion and metastasis has also been suggested, yet the underlying biology or mechanism is largely unknown and thus is the focus of this study. Inhibition of mTOR with both mTOR inhibitors and knockdown of key components of mTORC, including rictor, Sin1, and raptor, decreased Snail protein levels. Inhibition of mTOR enhanced the rate of Snail degradation, which could be rescued by inhibition of the proteasome. Critically, inhibition of mTORC2 (by knocking down rictor) but not mTORC1 (by knocking down raptor) enhanced Snail degradation. Therefore, only mTORC2 inhibition induces Snail proteasomal degradation, resulting in eventual Snail reduction. Interestingly, inhibition of GSK3 but not SCF/β-TrCP rescued the Snail reduction induced by mTOR inhibitors, suggesting GSK3-dependent, but SCF/β-TrCP-independent proteasomal degradation of Snail. Accordingly, mTOR inhibitors elevated E-cadherin levels and suppressed cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, this study reveals that mTORC2 positively regulates Snail stability to control cell invasion and metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings delineate a new regulation mechanism of Snail, an important master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Guoqing Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Yao
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays an important role in cancer development and maintenance, as ~25% of all cancers have aberrant Hh pathway activation. Targeted therapy for inhibition of the Hh pathway was thought to be promising for achieving clinical response in the Hh-dependent cancers. However, the results of new clinical trials with smoothened (SMO) antagonists do not show much success in cancers other than basal cell carcinoma. The studies suggest that the Hh pathway involves multiple mechanisms of activation or inhibition in primary cilia and interactions between several related pathways in different types of cells, which makes this pathway extremely complex. The SMO-specific antagonists may not stop all relevant pathways that may lead to escape or development of resistance. Therefore, in the Hh-dependent cancers, the inhibition of two or more oncogenic pathways (including the Hh pathway) with use of a single agent of a suitable multitarget profile or a combination of drugs seems promising for achieving clinical response in patients and decrease in resistance development with prolonged use of the specific SMO antagonists. Furthermore, for studying the effect of new treatments, the inclusion criteria should be more specific for selection of patients with aberrant Hh pathway activity confirmed by tests. These considerations will be very helpful for choosing the right patients and the right drugs for the best therapeutic outcome.
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Armagan G, Sevgili E, Gürkan FT, Köse FA, Bilgiç T, Dagcı T, Saso L. Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in MPP⁺-Induced Cell Damage. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071377. [PMID: 30965670 PMCID: PMC6480928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nuclear translocation and stability of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) have gained increasing attention in the prevention of oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the regulatory role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibition by tideglusib through the Nrf2 pathway in a cellular damage model. Gene silencing (siRNA-mediated) was performed to examine the responses of Nrf2-target genes (i.e., heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1) to siRNA depletion of Nrf2 in MPP⁺-induced dopaminergic cell death. Nrf2 and its downstream regulated genes/proteins were analyzed using Real-time PCR and Western Blotting techniques, respectively. Moreover, free radical production, the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, total glutathione, and glutathione-S-transferase were examined. The possible contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to tideglusib-mediated neuroprotection was evaluated. The number of viable cells and mitochondrial membrane potential were increased following GSK-3β enzyme inhibition against MPP⁺. HO-1, NQO1 mRNA/protein expressions and Nrf2 nuclear translocation significantly triggered by tideglusib. Moreover, the neuroprotection by tideglusib was not observed in the presence of siRNA Nrf2. Our study supports the idea that GSK-3β enzyme inhibition may modulate the Nrf2/ARE pathway in cellular damage and the inhibitory role of tideglusib on GSK-3β along with PPARγ activation may be responsible for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Elvin Sevgili
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Fulya Tuzcu Gürkan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Fadime Aydın Köse
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Bilgiç
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Taner Dagcı
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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45
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Yuzhalin AE. Citrullination in Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1274-1284. [PMID: 30894374 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of proteins have been implicated in pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Arginine deimination (also known as citrullination) has a principal role in progression of rheumatoid arthritis through generation of autoantibodies and exacerbation of the inflammatory response. Recently, multiple research groups provided solid evidence of citrullination being in control of cancer progression; however, there is no comprehensive overview of these findings. This article summarizes and critically reviews the influence of citrullination on different aspects of tumor biology, including (i) regulation of apoptosis and differentiation, (ii) promoting EMT and metastasis, and (iii) potential use of citrullinated antigens for immunotherapy. In addition, (iv) the role of citrullination as a cancer biomarker and (v) implication of neutrophil extracellular traps in tumorigenesis are discussed. In summary, current findings testify to the significance of arginine deimination in tumor biology and thus more basic and translational studies are needed to further explore this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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46
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Mirzoyan Z, Sollazzo M, Allocca M, Valenza AM, Grifoni D, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster: A Model Organism to Study Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30881374 PMCID: PMC6405444 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep disease driven by the activation of specific oncogenic pathways concomitantly with the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes that act as sentinels to control physiological growth. The conservation of most of these signaling pathways in Drosophila, and the ability to easily manipulate them genetically, has made the fruit fly a useful model organism to study cancer biology. In this review we outline the basic mechanisms and signaling pathways conserved between humans and flies responsible of inducing uncontrolled growth and cancer development. Second, we describe classic and novel Drosophila models used to study different cancers, with the objective to discuss their strengths and limitations on their use to identify signals driving growth cell autonomously and within organs, drug discovery and for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmine Mirzoyan
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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47
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Płonka M, Wawrzycka D, Wysocki R, Boguta M, Cieśla M. Coupling of RNA polymerase III assembly to cell cycle progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:500-510. [PMID: 30760101 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1578134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of the RNA polymerases in both yeast and humans is proposed to occur in the cytoplasm prior to their nuclear import. Our previous studies identified a cold-sensitive mutation, rpc128-1007, in the yeast gene encoding the second largest Pol III subunit, Rpc128. rpc128-1007 is associated with defective assembly of Pol III complex and, in consequence, decreased level of tRNA synthesis. Here, we show that rpc128-1007 mutant cells remain largely unbudded and larger than wild type cells. Flow cytometry revealed that most rpc128-1007 mutant cells have G1 DNA content, suggesting that this mutation causes pronounced cell cycle delay in the G1 phase. Increased expression of gene encoding Rbs1, the Pol III assembly/import factor, could counteract G1 arrest observed in the rpc128-1007 mutant and restore wild type morphology of mutant cells. Concomitantly, cells lacking Rbs1 show a mild delay in G1 phase exit, indicating that Rbs1 is required for timely cell cycle progression. Using the double rpc128-1007 maf1Δ mutant in which tRNA synthesis is recovered, we confirmed that the Pol III assembly defect associated with rpc128-1007 is a primary cause of cell cycle arrest. Together our results indicate that impairment of Pol III complex assembly is coupled to cell cycle inhibition in the G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Płonka
- a Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Donata Wawrzycka
- b Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology , University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Robert Wysocki
- b Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology , University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Magdalena Boguta
- a Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Cieśla
- a Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
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48
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Canonical Wnt is inhibited by targeting one-carbon metabolism through methotrexate or methionine deprivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2987-2995. [PMID: 30679275 PMCID: PMC6386671 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820161116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism, one of the most conserved features across all domains of life, is interwoven with cellular signaling networks and the posttranslational modification state of proteins. Methionine is an essential amino acid in one-carbon metabolism that serves as the substrate for S-adenosylmethionine, the universal methyl donor for cellular methylation. Here we report that the use of methionine-depleted medium inhibits Wnt-induced endolysosomal formation and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Use of methotrexate, a folate cycle inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy, prevented PRMT1 and GSK3 vesicular sequestration, decreased Wnt-driven endolysosomal activity, and reduced canonical Wnt β-catenin luciferase signaling. In sum, these results imply a role for one-carbon metabolism in the regulation of Wnt signaling and endolysosomal biology. The nutrient-sensing metabolite S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) controls one-carbon metabolism by donating methyl groups to biochemical building blocks, DNA, RNA, and protein. Our recent work uncovered a requirement for cytoplasmic arginine methylation during Wnt signaling through the activity of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), which transfers one-carbon groups from SAM to many protein substrates. Here, we report that treatments that decrease levels of the universal methyl donor SAM were potent inhibitors of Wnt signaling and of Wnt-induced digestion of extracellular proteins in endolysosomes. Thus, arginine methylation provides the canonical Wnt pathway with metabolic sensing properties through SAM. The rapid accumulation of Wnt-induced endolysosomes within 30 minutes was inhibited by the depletion of methionine, an essential amino acid that serves as the direct substrate for SAM production. We also found that methionine is required for GSK3 sequestration into multivesicular bodies through microautophagy, an essential step in Wnt signaling activity. Methionine starvation greatly reduced Wnt-induced endolysosomal degradation of extracellular serum proteins. Similar results were observed by addition of nicotinamide (vitamin B3), which serves as a methyl group sink. Methotrexate, a pillar in the treatment of cancer since 1948, decreases SAM levels. We show here that methotrexate blocked Wnt-induced endocytic lysosomal activity and reduced canonical Wnt signaling. Importantly, the addition of SAM during methionine depletion or methotrexate treatment was sufficient to rescue endolysosomal function and Wnt signaling. Inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway by decreasing one-carbon metabolism provides a platform for designing interventions in Wnt-driven disease.
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Wang Z, Liu CH, Huang S, Chen J. Wnt Signaling in vascular eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 70:110-133. [PMID: 30513356 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in vascular morphogenesis in various organs including the eye. Wnt ligands and receptors are key regulators of ocular angiogenesis both during the eye development and in vascular eye diseases. Wnt signaling participates in regulating multiple vascular beds in the eye including regression of the hyaloid vessels, and development of structured layers of vasculature in the retina. Loss-of-function mutations in Wnt signaling components cause rare genetic eye diseases in humans such as Norrie disease, and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with defective ocular vasculature. On the other hand, experimental studies in more prevalent vascular eye diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and corneal neovascularization, suggest that aberrantly increased Wnt signaling is one of the causations for pathological ocular neovascularization, indicating the potential of modulating Wnt signaling to ameliorate pathological angiogenesis in eye diseases. This review recapitulates the key roles of the Wnt signaling pathway during ocular vascular development and in vascular eye diseases, and pharmaceutical approaches targeting the Wnt signaling as potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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50
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Shimizu D, Saito T, Ito S, Masuda T, Kurashige J, Kuroda Y, Eguchi H, Kodera Y, Mimori K. Overexpression of FGFR1 Promotes Peritoneal Dissemination Via Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:313-320. [PMID: 29976636 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dissemination (PD) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality in gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to identify PD-associated genes and investigate their role in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified FGFR1 as a putative PD-associated gene using a bioinformatics approach. The biological significance of FGFR1 in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated according to the correlation with genes that participated in EMT and FGFR1 knockdown experiments. The associations between FGFR1 expression and the clinicopathological features were examined. RESULTS FGFR1 expression positively correlated with SNAI1, VIM and ZEB1 expression, and negatively correlated with CDH1 expression. Knockdown of FGFR1 suppressed the malignant phenotype of GC cells. High FGFR1 expression significantly correlated with the peritoneal lavage cytology and synchronous PD positivity as well as poor prognosis. CONCLUSION High FGFR1 expression was associated with PD via promotion of EMT and led to a poor prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Takaaki Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan.,Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
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