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Belyaeva OV, Klyuyeva AV, Vyas A, Berger WK, Halasz L, Yu J, Atigadda VR, Slay A, Goggans KR, Renfrow MB, Kane MA, Nagy L, Kedishvili NY. The retinoid X receptor has a critical role in synthetic rexinoid-induced increase in cellular all-trans-retinoic acid. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301447. [PMID: 38557762 PMCID: PMC10984533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Rexinoids are agonists of nuclear rexinoid X receptors (RXR) that heterodimerize with other nuclear receptors to regulate gene transcription. A number of selective RXR agonists have been developed for clinical use but their application has been hampered by the unwanted side effects associated with the use of rexinoids and a limited understanding of their mechanisms of action across different cell types. Our previous studies showed that treatment of organotypic human epidermis with the low toxicity UAB30 and UAB110 rexinoids resulted in increased steady-state levels of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the obligatory ligand of the RXR-RAR heterodimers. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the increase in ATRA levels using a dominant negative RXRα that lacks the activation function 2 (AF-2) domain. The results demonstrated that overexpression of dnRXRα in human organotypic epidermis markedly reduced signaling by resident ATRA, suggesting the existence of endogenous RXR ligand, diminished the biological effects of UAB30 and UAB110 on epidermis morphology and gene expression, and nearly abolished the rexinoid-induced increase in ATRA levels. Global transcriptome analysis of dnRXRα-rafts in comparison to empty vector-transduced rafts showed that over 95% of the differentially expressed genes in rexinoid-treated rafts constitute direct or indirect ATRA-regulated genes. Thus, the biological effects of UAB30 and UAB110 are mediated through the AF-2 domain of RXRα with minimal side effects in human epidermis. As ATRA levels are known to be reduced in certain epithelial pathologies, treatment with UAB30 and UAB110 may represent a promising therapy for normalizing the endogenous ATRA concentration and signaling in epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Alla V. Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ansh Vyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Wilhelm K. Berger
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Venkatram R. Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Aja Slay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Kelli R. Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Natalia Y. Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Lim SYD, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Ng LG, Tey HL. In vivo imaging of patients with chronic pruritus of unknown origin reveals partial sweat duct obstruction with partial itch resolution upon retinoid treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1265148. [PMID: 37809345 PMCID: PMC10556653 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1265148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) is poorly understood and lacks effective treatment options. Objectives We aimed to elucidate abnormalities in the sweat apparatus of patients with CPUO, and to assess efficacy and safety of treatment with systemic retinoids. Methods An initial case-control study included 20 affected patients and five healthy controls, for whom heat and sweating were induced, either through a standardized exercise protocol or ingestion of hot water. In vivo high-definition optical coherence tomography, whole-body starch-iodine testing, and skin biopsy for immunofluorescence staining were done to evaluate for sweat duct obstruction. A subsequent retrospective cohort analysis included 56 patients with CPUO, seen at an Itch subspecialty clinic of a single tertiary referral centre, who failed conventional treatments and were treated with isotretinoin and/or acitretin from May 2014 to November 2020. Treatment response to retinoids was defined as a sustained reduction in itch score of ≥2/10. Safety was assessed by proportion stopping treatment due to side effects. Results In vivo imaging in 19 (95%) patients revealed features of partial keratinaceous sweat duct obstruction with statistically significant luminal dilatation compared to controls. Immunofluorescence studies of three patients' paired lesional/non-lesional biopsies revealed dermcidin accumulation within sweat glands coupled with dermcidin leakage in itchy skin. Fifty-six patients (mean [SD] age 55.2 [17.5] years, 69.6% male) were treated with systemic retinoids. Mean (SD) duration of itch was 116.3 (140.4) months and mean (SD) itch score was 8.2 (1.8). Forty-one (73.2%) initially received isotretinoin, and 15 (26.8%) acitretin. At three months, mean itch score reduced by 2.38 (95% CI -3.2 to -1.6, p < 0.0001). Thirty-eight (67.9%) had a sustained response. Eight (14.81%) achieved an itch score of 0 or 1, with four stopping treatment for a mean (SD) of 318.5 (291.2) days without relapse. Eight (14.3%) stopped or switched retinoid due to adverse effects, with similar incidences between both retinoids, the commonest being dryness. Conclusion Based on novel findings from physiological imaging studies identifying partial keratinaceous sweat duct obstruction in CPUO, we instituted systemic retinoid treatment to address the underlying pathology. In patients who failed conventional therapies, the treatment appears effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingrou Tan
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lai Guan Ng
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liang Tey
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Tatavosian R, Donovan MG, Galbraith MD, Duc HN, Szwarc MM, Joshi MU, Frieman A, Bilousova G, Cao Y, Smith KP, Song K, Rachubinski AL, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. Cell differentiation modifies the p53 transcriptional program through a combination of gene silencing and constitutive transactivation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:952-965. [PMID: 36681780 PMCID: PMC10070495 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor is a master regulator of cellular responses to stress that is commonly inactivated in diverse cancer types. Despite decades of research, the mechanisms by which p53 impedes tumorigenesis across vastly different cellular contexts requires further investigation. The bulk of research has been completed using in vitro studies of cancer cell lines or in vivo studies in mouse models, but much less is known about p53 action in diverse non-transformed human tissues. Here, we investigated how different cellular states modify the p53 transcriptional program in human cells through a combination of computational analyses of publicly available large-scale datasets and in vitro studies using an isogenic system consisting of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and two derived lineages. Analysis of publicly available mRNA expression and genetic dependency data demonstrated wide variation in terms of expression and function of a core p53 transcriptional program across various tissues and lineages. To monitor the impact of cell differentiation on the p53 transcriptome within an isogenic cell culture system, we activated p53 by pharmacological inhibition of its negative regulator MDM2. Using cell phenotyping assays and genome wide transcriptome analyses, we demonstrated that cell differentiation confines and modifies the p53 transcriptional network in a lineage-specific fashion. Although hundreds of p53 target genes are transactivated in iPSCs, only a small fraction is transactivated in each of the differentiated lineages. Mechanistic studies using small molecule inhibitors and genetic knockdowns revealed the presence of two major regulatory mechanisms contributing to this massive heterogeneity across cellular states: gene silencing by epigenetic regulatory complexes and constitutive transactivation by lineage-specific transcription factors. Altogether, these results illuminate the impact of cell differentiation on the p53 program, thus advancing our understanding of how this tumor suppressor functions in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roubina Tatavosian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Micah G Donovan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Huy N Duc
- Functional Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Maria M Szwarc
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Molishree U Joshi
- Functional Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Amy Frieman
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ganna Bilousova
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yingqiong Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Functional Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Gibielle C, Bousseksou L, Guéhenneux S, Vié K. In a Preliminary Study on Human Subjects, a Cosmetic Cream Containing a Harungana madagascariensis Plant Extract Induces Similar Anti-Aging Effects to a Retinol-Containing Cream. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1051-1058. [PMID: 37155516 PMCID: PMC10122863 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s401290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids are the most effective anti-aging ingredients. Yet, their use can result in adverse reactions. Even bakuchiol, a natural functional analog, can lead to contact dermatitis. We previously showed that a Harungana madagascariensis (Lam. ex Poir.) plant extract (HME) presents retinol-like properties in vitro. Therefore, we performed a preliminary analysis of the anti-aging potential of a cream containing HME on 46 subjects. The participants applied a HME cream on half of their face and one forearm. The effects induced were compared to those produced by a retinol cream applied to the contralateral side. Clinical evaluations indicate that the two creams rapidly (28 days) improve wrinkles underneath the eyes, ptosis, color homogeneity, smoothness, plumpness, firmness, and elasticity of the facial skin. The improvement of crow's feet is only significant after 56 days. For all clinical signs, the effects of both creams are indistinguishable. Instrumental measurements of silicon replica from the eye contour region indicate that the wrinkle surface reduction is already noticeable after 28 days with the HME and retinol cream, while it takes 56 days to have a significant depth decrease. Only the retinol cream improves wrinkle length after 56 days. Ultrasound assessment of forearm skin revealed that the HME cream improves superficial dermis density as early as 28 days with further improvement at day 56, timepoint at which improvement is at the limit of significance with the retinol cream. These preliminary results indicate that HME has similar in vivo functional properties to retinol for reducing the severity of aging signs. Future works, including a bona fide clinical study, are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gibielle
- Laboratoires Clarins, Pontoise, 95300, France
- Correspondence: Clara Gibielle, Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, Pontoise, 95300, France, Tel +33 1 34 35 15 15, Fax +33 1 30 38 41 48, Email
| | | | | | - Katell Vié
- Laboratoires Clarins, Pontoise, 95300, France
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Delivery and diffusion of retinal in dermis and epidermis through the combination of prodrug nanoparticles and detachable dissolvable microneedles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2751-2761. [PMID: 35191004 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To minimize chemical degradation of retinal, we graft this aldehyde on chitosan chains to make them self-assemble into pro-retinal nanoparticles (PRNs), which we then load into detachable dissolvable microneedles (DDMNs) made of 1:1 (by weight) hyaluronic acid/maltose. The presence of PRNs in the hyaluronic acid-maltose needle matrix also helps improve the microneedles' mechanical strength. Ex vivo administration of PRN-loaded DDMNs on fresh porcine ear skin shows, as observed by stereomicroscopic and confocal fluorescence microscopic analyses of the cross-sectioned tissue pieces, complete deposition followed by dissolution of the needles and diffusion of the PRNs in epidermis and dermis. Rats administered with a single dose of PRN-loaded DDMNs show significantly increased epidermal thickness as compared to rats administered with control DDMNs (no PRN). Both the PRN-loaded DDMNs and the control DDMNs produce no skin irritation in rats.
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Ramchatesingh B, Martínez Villarreal A, Arcuri D, Lagacé F, Setah SA, Touma F, Al-Badarin F, Litvinov IV. The Use of Retinoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012622. [PMID: 36293471 PMCID: PMC9603842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are natural and synthetic vitamin A derivatives that are effective for the prevention and the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). NMSCs constitute a heterogenous group of non-melanocyte-derived skin cancers that impose substantial burdens on patients and healthcare systems. They include entities such as basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (collectively called keratinocyte carcinomas), cutaneous lymphomas and Kaposi’s sarcoma among others. The retinoid signaling pathway plays influential roles in skin physiology and pathology. These compounds regulate diverse biological processes within the skin, including proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and immune regulation. Collectively, retinoids can suppress skin carcinogenesis. Both topical and systemic retinoids have been investigated in clinical trials as NMSC prophylactics and treatments. Desirable efficacy and tolerability in clinical trials have prompted health regulatory bodies to approve the use of retinoids for NMSC management. Acceptable off-label uses of these compounds as drugs for skin cancers are also described. This review is a comprehensive outline on the biochemistry of retinoids, their activities in the skin, their effects on cancer cells and their adoption in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Domenico Arcuri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - François Lagacé
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Samy Abu Setah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Fadi Touma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Faris Al-Badarin
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Kitagawa N. Antimicrobial peptide nisin induces spherical distribution of macropinocytosis-like cytokeratin 5 and cytokeratin 17 following immediate derangement of the cell membrane. Anat Cell Biol 2022; 55:190-204. [PMID: 34903675 PMCID: PMC9256486 DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-aging effects of Lactococcus lactis are extensively investigated. Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by L. lactis subsp. lactis. We previously reported that 24-hour nisin treatment disturbs the intermediate filament distribution in human keratinocytes. Additionally, we showed that the ring-like distribution of the intermediate filament proteins, cytokeratin (CK) 5 and CK17 is a marker of nisin action. However, two questions remained unanswered: 1) What do the CK5 and CK17 ring-like distributions indicate? 2) Is nisin ineffective under the experimental conditions wherein CK5 and CK17 do not exhibit a ring-like distribution? Super resolution microscopy revealed that nisin treatment altered CK5 and CK17 distribution, making them spherical rather than ring-like, along with actin incorporation. This spherical distribution was not induced by the suppression of endocytosis. The possibility of a macropinocytosis-like phenomenon was indicated, because the spherical distribution was >1 µm in diameter and the spherical distribution was suppressed by macropinocytosis inhibiting conditions, such as the inclusion of an actin polymerization inhibitor and cell migration. Even when the spherical distribution of CK5 and CK17 was not induced, nisin induced derangement of the cell membrane. Nisin treatment for 30 minutes deranged the regular arrangement of the lipid layer (flip-flop); the transmembrane structure of the CK5-desmosome or CK17-desmosome protein complex was disturbed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that CK5 and CK17 in a spherical distribution could be involved in a macropinosome-like structure, under certain conditions of nisin action in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kitagawa
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Gakuen, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Dental Hygienist, Fukuoka College of Health Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Wellbeing Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
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From Foods to Chemotherapeutics: The Antioxidant Potential of Dietary Phytochemicals. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food plants have been recognized for their medicinal properties for millennia, a concept supported by epidemiological studies indicating long-term health benefits for people consuming greater amounts of fruits and vegetables. As our technology and instrumentation advance, researchers have the ability to identify promising phytochemicals, and examine their potential benefits, or detriments, to human health. While results from trials investigating single chemical supplementation have sometimes produced negative health results, studies investigating the synergistic action of phytochemicals—either within our diet or as an adjuvant to radiation or chemotherapy—appear promising. Utilizing phytochemicals as synergistic agents may lower the chemotherapeutic doses needed to incur physiological results, while also using chemicals with fewer toxic effects. This review investigates a variety of plant-produced chemicals humans typically ingest, their impacts on overall health patterns, molecular mechanisms associated with their health impacts, and the potential of their synergistic use for therapeutic purposes.
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Zalesak-Kravec S, Huang W, Jones JW, Yu J, Alloush J, Defnet AE, Moise AR, Kane MA. Role of cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 and retinoid homeostasis in the adult mouse heart: A multi-omic approach. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22242. [PMID: 35253263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100901rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main active metabolite of Vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), is required for proper cellular function and tissue organization. Heart development has a well-defined requirement for RA, but there is limited research on the role of RA in the adult heart. Homeostasis of RA includes regulation of membrane receptors, chaperones, enzymes, and nuclear receptors. Cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 (CRBP1), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), regulates RA homeostasis by delivering vitamin A to enzymes for RA synthesis and protecting it from non-specific oxidation. In this work, a multi-omics approach was used to characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss using the Rbp1-/- mouse. Retinoid homeostasis was disrupted in Rbp1-/- mouse heart tissue, as seen by a 33% and 24% decrease in RA levels in the left and right ventricles, respectively, compared to wild-type mice (WT). To further inform on the effect of disrupted RA homeostasis, we conducted high-throughput targeted metabolomics. A total of 222 metabolite and metabolite combinations were analyzed, with 33 having differential abundance between Rbp1-/- and WT hearts. Additionally, we performed global proteome profiling to further characterize the impact of CRBP1 loss in adult mouse hearts. More than 2606 unique proteins were identified, with 340 proteins having differential expression between Rbp1-/- and WT hearts. Pathway analysis performed on metabolomic and proteomic data revealed pathways related to cellular metabolism and cardiac metabolism were the most disrupted in Rbp1-/- mice. Together, these studies characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss and reduced RA in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zalesak-Kravec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenna Alloush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy E Defnet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Fitoussi R, Branchet MC, Garnier N, Beauchef G, Nkengne A, Vié K, Boisnic S. A Harungana madagascariensis extract with retinol-like properties - Gene upregulations and protein expressions in human fibroblasts and skin explants. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:201-215. [PMID: 35238059 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because they limit, even reverse, age-induced skin alterations, retinoids became a staple in cosmetology. However, their use can result in undesired secondary effects and there is a demand for natural sources of compounds with retinoid like effects. A preliminary screening identified a Harungana madagascariensis plant extract (HME) as possibly inducing genes stimulated by retinol. We analysed its effect on gene and protein expression, comparing it to retinoids. METHODS Gene expression was analysed by real-time qPCR on RNA from isolated fibroblasts subjected to retinol or the plant extract for 6, 48 or 96 hours. Skin markers were quantified in fibroblasts cultured with retinol or extract containing medium, and UV-aged skin explants subjected to topical applications of creams containing retinol, retinaldehyde or HME. RESULTS Real-time qPCR show that the extract induced all RARs and RXRs, even RXRγ that was not induced by retinol. Eighty-eight percent of the 25 early retinoid reaction genes induced by a concentration of retinol are induced by the extract. In fibroblasts, only the extract increased collagen III labelling, while collagen I and fibronectin labelling are increased by retinol and the extract, with higher levels for the extract. When topically applied to UV-aged skin explants, only the cream containing the HME led to increased labelling of CRABP1 in the epidermis. CRABP2 and Ki67 are induced by all three creams and no effect was detected on RXRs. In the dermis the extract containing cream increased CRABP2, total collagen, procollagen I and collagen I while creams with retinol or retinaldehyde only affected some of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS The HME induces an overall retinol-like gene induction profile in isolated fibroblasts and retinoid-like stimulation of protein synthesis in both isolated fibroblasts and photoaged skin explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fitoussi
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - M-C Branchet
- Laboratoire GREDECO, 45 boulevard Vincent Auriol, 75013, Paris, France
| | - N Garnier
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - G Beauchef
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - A Nkengne
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - K Vié
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
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11
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Wang S, Wu T, Sun J, Li Y, Yuan Z, Sun W. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals the Molecular Anatomy of Sheep Hair Follicle Heterogeneity and Wool Curvature. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:800157. [PMID: 34993204 PMCID: PMC8724054 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.800157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wool is the critical textile raw material which is produced by the hair follicle of sheep. Therefore, it has important implications to investigate the molecular mechanism governing hair follicle development. Due to high cellular heterogeneity as well as the insufficient cellular, molecular, and spatial characterization of hair follicles on sheep, the molecular mechanisms involved in hair follicle development and wool curvature of sheep remains largely unknown. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have made it possible to comprehensively dissect the cellular composition of complex skin tissues and unveil the differentiation and spatial signatures of epidermal and hair follicle development. However, such studies are lacking so far in sheep. Here, single-cell suspensions from the curly wool and straight wool lambskins were prepared for unbiased scRNA-seq. Based on UAMP dimension reduction analysis, we identified 19 distinct cell populations from 15,830 single-cell transcriptomes and characterized their cellular identity according to specific gene expression profiles. Furthermore, novel marker gene was applied in identifying dermal papilla cells isolated in vitro. By using pseudotime ordering analysis, we constructed the matrix cell lineage differentiation trajectory and revealed the dynamic gene expression profiles of matrix progenitors' commitment to the hair shaft and inner root sheath (IRS) cells. Meanwhile, intercellular communication between mesenchymal and epithelial cells was inferred based on CellChat and the prior knowledge of ligand–receptor pairs. As a result, strong intercellular communication and associated signaling pathways were revealed. Besides, to clarify the molecular mechanism of wool curvature, differentially expressed genes in specific cells between straight wool and curly wool were identified and analyzed. Our findings here provided an unbiased and systematic view of the molecular anatomy of sheep hair follicle comprising 19 clusters; revealed the differentiation, spatial signatures, and intercellular communication underlying sheep hair follicle development; and at the same time revealed the potential molecular mechanism of wool curvature, which will give important new insights into the biology of the sheep hair follicle and has implications for sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Latta L, Knebel I, Bleil C, Stachon T, Katiyar P, Zussy C, Fries FN, Käsmann-Kellner B, Seitz B, Szentmáry N. Similarities in DSG1 and KRT3 Downregulation through Retinoic Acid Treatment and PAX6 Knockdown Related Expression Profiles: Does PAX6 Affect RA Signaling in Limbal Epithelial Cells? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111651. [PMID: 34827649 PMCID: PMC8615883 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital PAX6-aniridia is a rare panocular disease resulting from limbal stem cell deficiency. In PAX6-aniridia, the downregulation of the retinol-metabolizing enzymes ADH7 (All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase 7) and ALDH1A1/A3 (Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3) have been described in limbal epithelial cells (LECs) and conjunctival epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to identify the role of retinol derivates in the differentiation of human LEC and its potential impact on aniridia-associated keratopathy development. Human LEC were isolated from healthy donor corneas and were cultured with retinol, retinoic acid, or pan-retinoic acid receptor antagonist (AGN 193109) acting on RARα, β, γ (NR1B1, NR1B2 NR1B3) or were cultured with pan-retinoid X receptor antagonist (UVI 3003) acting on RXR α, β, γ (retinoid X receptor, NR2B1, NR2B2, BR2B3). Using qPCR, differentiation marker and retinoid-/fatty acid metabolism-related mRNA expression was analysed. DSG1 (Desmoglein 1), KRT3 (Keratin 3), and SPINK7 (Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal Type 7) mRNA expression was downregulated when retinoid derivates were used. AGN 193109 treatment led to the upregulation of ADH7, KRT3, and DSG1 mRNA expression and to the downregulation of KRT12 (Keratin 12) and KRT19 (Keratin 19) mRNA expression. Retinol and all-trans retinoic acid affect some transcripts of corneal LEC in a similar way to what has been observed in the LEC of PAX6-aniridia patients with the altered expression of differentiation markers. An elevated concentration of retinol derivatives in LEC or an altered response to retinoids may contribute to this pattern. These initial findings help to explain ocular surface epithelia differentiation disorders in PAX6-aniridia and should be investigated in patient cells or in cell models in the future in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Latta
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Igor Knebel
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Constanze Bleil
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Tanja Stachon
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Priya Katiyar
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Claire Zussy
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Fabian Norbert Fries
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Barbara Käsmann-Kellner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Lima FA, Vilela RV, Oréfice RL, Silva IR, Reis EC, Carvalho LA, Maria-Engler SS, Ferreira LA, Goulart GA. Nanostructured lipid carriers enhances the safety profile of tretinoin: in vitro and healthy human volunteers' studies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1391-1409. [PMID: 34085552 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To enhance the tretinoin (TRE) safety profile through the encapsulation in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Materials & methods: NLC-TRE was developed using a 23 experimental factorial design, characterized (HPLC, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, cryo-transmission electron microscopy) and evaluated by in vitro studies and in healthy volunteers. Results: The NLC-TRE presented spherical structures, average particle size of 130 nm, zeta potential of 24 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 98%. The NLC-TRE protected TRE against oxidation (p < 0.0001) and promoted epidermal targeting (p < 0.0001) compared with the marketed product, both 0.05% TRE. The in vitro assay on reconstructed human epidermis and the measurement of transepidermal water loss in healthy volunteers demonstrated an enhanced safety profile in comparison to the marketed product (p < 0.0002). Conclusion: The NLC-TRE enhances the epidermal targeting and safety profile of TRE, representing a potential safer alternative for the topical treatment of skin disorders using TRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia A Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Vr Vilela
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics & Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 48824 East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rodrigo L Oréfice
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Izabela R Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Co Reis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Ac Carvalho
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvya S Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Am Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gisele Ac Goulart
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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14
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Bagatin E, Rocha MADD, Freitas THP, Costa CS. Treatment challenges in adult female acne and future directions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:687-701. [PMID: 33957838 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1917376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Acne is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated disease of the pilosebaceous unit, highly prevalent in adolescents. However, an increasing number of adults over 25 years old with facial acne, particularly women, have been observed. It is considered a different disease when compared to acne vulgaris. Face is the mainly involved area with inflammatory lesions and more sensitive skin, pointing out the need of a holistic approach.Areas covered: We performed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed database, up to January 2021, regarding adult female acne. We synthesized data about pathogenesis; differences compared to acne vulgaris; and treatment, with focus in the management challenges and perspectives.Expert opinion: It is essential to value the negative impact on quality of life of adult female acne, independently of severity. The disease has prolonged evolution, and patient might be resilient once the improvement, regardless of the treatment option, will just be noticeable after 3 months. Aggravating factors should be clearly discussed, such as the need of changing many habits, especially lesions manipulation. The therapeutic regimen includes make-up and tailored skin care (considering proneness to sensitivity), while anti-acne drugs should be chosen in accordance with desire to be pregnant, presence of pregnancy or breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caroline Sousa Costa
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Discipline of Dermatology - Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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15
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Oren-Shabtai M, Snast I, Noyman Y, Lapidoth M, Sherman S, Mimouni D, Hodak E, Levi A. Topical and systemic retinoids for the treatment of cutaneous viral warts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther 2020; 34:e14637. [PMID: 33278051 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous viral warts (CVW), caused by human papillomavirus, often have a self-limited course. However, some patients experience a recalcitrant disease despite treatment. Retinoids are considered the mainstay of therapy in many dermatologic diseases. Data on their use for viral warts are limited. To systematically review the published evidence on the efficacy and safety of retinoids for the treatment of CVW. A systematic review and meta-analysis of topical or systemic retinoid treatment for CVW was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The primary outcome was clinical response; secondary outcomes were recurrence rate and adverse events. Fourteen publications including 399 patients treated exclusively with retinoids (65% topical, 35% systemic) were evaluated. The complete response rate was 64% (95% CI, 46-78%; I2 =80%) for topical treatment and 61% (95% CI, 44-76%; I2 =69%) for systemic treatment. The most common side effects were irritant contact dermatitis and cheilitis, respectively. Relapse rates were 6% and 17%, respectively. The reviewed studies were considerably heterogenous and most lacked a control group. Both topical and systemic retinoids are effective and safe as monotherapy for CVW. Further studies are required to determine their exact role in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meital Oren-Shabtai
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Igor Snast
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehonatan Noyman
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Lapidoth
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shany Sherman
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Mimouni
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emmilia Hodak
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assi Levi
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Szymański Ł, Skopek R, Palusińska M, Schenk T, Stengel S, Lewicki S, Kraj L, Kamiński P, Zelent A. Retinoic Acid and Its Derivatives in Skin. Cells 2020; 9:E2660. [PMID: 33322246 PMCID: PMC7764495 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoids are a group of compounds including vitamin A and its active metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Retinoids regulate a variety of physiological functions in multiple organ systems, are essential for normal immune competence, and are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Vitamin A derivatives have held promise in cancer treatment and ATRA is used in differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). ATRA and other retinoids have also been successfully applied in a variety of dermatological conditions such as skin cancer, psoriasis, acne, and ichthyosis. Moreover, modulation of retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X (or rexinoid) receptors function may affect dermal cells. The studies using complex genetic models with various combinations of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X (or rexinoid) receptors (RXRs) indicate that retinoic acid and its derivatives have therapeutic potential for a variety of serious dermatological disorders including some malignant conditions. Here, we provide a synopsis of the main advances in understanding the role of ATRA and its receptors in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Rafał Skopek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Palusińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Tino Schenk
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Stengel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Disease, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Leszek Kraj
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kamiński
- Department of Gynecology and Oncological Gynecology, Military Institute of Medicine, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Arthur Zelent
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.S.); (M.P.)
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17
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Khalid HN, Abd El Gayed EM, Dawoud RA, Bazid HAS. Measuring the serum level of retinol-binding protein can enhance the treatment of recalcitrant warts. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:1031-1036. [PMID: 33247626 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Warts are common benign (60%-65%) self-limited tumors of the epidermis caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs). However, some warts fail to resolve despite of different treatments and become recalcitrant. Vitamin A has antiproliferative and antikeratinizing properties by which the disruption of HPV replication can be occurred. Concentrations of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol in the circulation highly correlate with each others. AIM To assess the serum level of RBP in patients with resistant warts to evaluate the possible role of retinol in the disease pathogenesis. PATIENTS This case-control study included 30 patients with resistant cutaneous warts (defined as failure of cure after conventional treatment as 12 weeks of salicylic acid application, 4 or more cycles of cryotherapy or electrocautery and/or other physical treatment modalities) and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RBP level in the serum was measured by ELISA. RESULTS There was a significant difference between cases and controls regarding the level of serum RBP (P = .001). However, serum RBP level did not differ significantly regarding sociodemographic or clinical data (P > .05 each). RBP is a good biomarker for significant early detection and discrimination between cases and controls (P = .001) at a cutoff point < 563.3 mg/l with sensitivity (93%) and specificity (80%). CONCLUSION Low serum RBP level in our studied patients may suggest an important role of retinol in the resistant warts pathogenesis. Thus measuring serum RBP will help to identify patients who are going to have resistant warts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham N Khalid
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Eman M Abd El Gayed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Heba A S Bazid
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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18
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Bagatin E, Costa CS. The use of isotretinoin for acne - an update on optimal dosing, surveillance, and adverse effects. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:885-897. [PMID: 32744074 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1796637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acne is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune mediated disease of pilosebaceous unit, highly prevalent in adolescents. It involves face, trunk, and back; may leave scars and affect quality of life. Early, effective, and safe treatment is the key for disease resolution. Oral isotretinoin is the unique treatment for cure or prolonged remission for moderate and severe acne, preventing psychosocial impact and scars. It inhibits sebaceous glands activity and has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. AREAS COVERED We performed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed database, up to March 2020, regarding oral isotretinoin for acne treatment. We synthetized data about acne pathogenesis and mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of isotretinoin. EXPERT OPINION This drug is effective, despite common, controllable, and reversible mucocutaneous side effects. Serious adverse events are rare and represent individual reactions. Teratogenicity is the most severe, requiring rigorous control. We believe that no other therapeutic option, even topicals combined to oral antibiotics accomplish same results. Recurrence after treatments other than isotretinoin is the rule, prolonging risk of scars, compromising skin appearance, and causing emotional distress in teenagers. If there is no absolute contraindication, isotretinoin should be the first line treatment for moderate to severe inflammatory acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edileia Bagatin
- Department of Dermatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP , Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Sousa Costa
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Discipline of Dermatology, Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI , Teresina, PI, Brazil
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19
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Risinger AL, Du L. Targeting and extending the eukaryotic druggable genome with natural products: cytoskeletal targets of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:634-652. [PMID: 31764930 PMCID: PMC7797185 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00053d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2014-2019We review recent progress on natural products that target cytoskeletal components, including microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments, and septins and highlight their demonstrated and potential utility in the treatment of human disease. The anticancer efficacy of microtubule targeted agents identified from plants, microbes, and marine organisms is well documented. We highlight new microtubule targeted agents currently in clinical evaluations for the treatment of drug resistant cancers and the accumulating evidence that the anticancer efficacy of these agents is not solely due to their antimitotic effects. Indeed, the effects of microtubule targeted agents on interphase microtubules are leading to their potential for more mechanistically guided use in cancers as well as neurological disease. The discussion of these agents as more targeted drugs also prompts a reevaluation of our thinking about natural products that target other components of the cytoskeleton. For instance, actin active natural products are largely considered chemical probes and non-selective toxins. However, studies utilizing these probes have uncovered aspects of actin biology that can be more specifically targeted to potentially treat cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious disease. Compounds that target intermediate filaments and septins are understudied, but their continued discovery and mechanistic evaluations have implications for numerous therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Risinger
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pharmacology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
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20
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Limcharoen B, Pisetpackdeekul P, Toprangkobsin P, Thunyakitpisal P, Wanichwecharungruang S, Banlunara W. Topical Proretinal Nanoparticles: Biological Activities, Epidermal Proliferation and Differentiation, Follicular Penetration, and Skin Tolerability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1510-1521. [PMID: 33455398 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proretinal nanoparticles, the retinilidene-chitosan nanoparticles, have been developed to overcome the physicochemical instability of retinal and to lessen the dose-dependent cutaneous irritation, through sustaining the release of retinoid. Compared to conventional retinal at the same concentration, proretinal nanoparticles had no cytotoxicity and could induce a spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte line to express more cellular retinoic acid binding protein-2. Compared to rats topically applied with conventional retinal which showed clear skin irritation and inflammation, daily topical application of proretinal nanoparticles to rats for 28 consecutive days produced neither irritation nor inflammation but significantly increased epidermal proliferation, epidermal thickness, cellular retinoic acid binding protein- 2 expression, and up-regulation of various differentiation markers including keratin 5, keratin 10, keratin 14, cellular retinoic acid binding protein-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Through the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy, we observed the in vivo follicular penetration of proretinal nanoparticles with the depth of penetration independent of postapplication time. Proretinal nanoparticles provide better biological activities of retinoids on epidermis and could eliminate the side effect of retinoid dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pasutha Thunyakitpisal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial, and Material for Dental Treatment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Forouzandeh M, Stratman S, Yosipovitch G. The treatment of Kyrle's disease: a systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1457-1463. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Forouzandeh
- The Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - S. Stratman
- The Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - G. Yosipovitch
- The Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
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22
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Shamilov R, Aneskievich BJ. Intrinsic Disorder in Nuclear Receptor Amino Termini: From Investigational Challenge to Therapeutic Opportunity. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rambon Shamilov
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Brian J. Aneskievich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
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Neuroendocrine Aspects of Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112798. [PMID: 31181682 PMCID: PMC6600459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is accompanied by a gradual loss of function, physiological integrity and the ability to cope with internal and external stressors. This is secondary to a combination of complex biological processes influenced by constitutive and environmental factors or by local and systemic pathologies. Skin aging and its phenotypic presentation are dependent on constitutive (genetic) and systemic factors. It can be accelerated by environmental stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation, pollutants and microbial insults. The skin’s functions and its abilities to cope with external stressors are regulated by the cutaneous neuroendocrine systems encompassing the regulated and coordinated production of neuropeptides, neurohormones, neurotransmitters and hormones, including steroids and secosteroids. These will induce/stimulate downstream signaling through activation of corresponding receptors. These pathways and corresponding coordinated responses to the stressors decay with age or undergo pathological malfunctions. This affects the overall skin phenotype and epidermal, dermal, hypodermal and adnexal functions. We propose that skin aging can be attenuated or its phenotypic presentation reversed by the topical use of selected factors with local neurohormonal activities targeting specific receptors or enzymes. Some of our favorite factors include melatonin and its metabolites, noncalcemic secosteroids and lumisterol derivatives, because of their low toxicity and their desirable local phenotypic effects.
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El‐Esawy F, Mustafa AI, El‐Shimi O. Serum retinol‐binding protein: a novel biomarker for recalcitrant cutaneous warts. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:1435-1438. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El‐Esawy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt
| | - Amany I. Mustafa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt
| | - Ola El‐Shimi
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt
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25
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Frew JW, Hawkes JE, Krueger JG. Topical, systemic and biologic therapies in hidradenitis suppurativa: pathogenic insights by examining therapeutic mechanisms. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319830646. [PMID: 30854183 PMCID: PMC6399757 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319830646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, manifesting in chronic, recurrent painful pustules, nodules, boils and purulent draining abscesses. Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is incomplete. This review aims to identify available treatment options in HS and discuss the pharmacological mechanisms through which such agents function. Identifying common pathways may inform our understanding of the pathogenesis of HS as well as identify future therapeutic targets. The pharmacological mechanisms implicated in topical therapies, antibiotic, hormonal, systemic immunomodulatory and biologic therapies for HS are discussed. Significant differences exist between agents and implicated pathways in therapy for mild and severe disease. This is an expression of the possible dichotomy in inflammatory pathways (and treatment responses) in HS. Studies involving monoclonal antibodies provide the greatest insight into what these specific mechanisms may be. Their variable levels of clinical efficacy compared with placebo bolsters the suggestion that differential inflammatory pathways may be involved in different presentations and severity of disease. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and other innate immune mechanisms are strongly represented in treatments which are effective in mild to moderate disease in the absence of scarring or draining fistulae, however complex feed-forward mechanisms in severe disease respond to interleukin (IL)-1 inhibition but are less likely to respond to innate immune inhibition (through NF-κB or TNF-α) alone. It is unclear whether IL-17 inhibition will parallel TNF-α or IL-1 inhibition in effect, however it is plausible that small molecule targets (Janus kinase1 and phosphodiesterase 4) may provide effective new strategies for treatment of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Frew
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason E. Hawkes
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Lee GR, Maarouf M, Hendricks AK, Lee DE, Shi VY. Current and emerging therapies for hand eczema. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12840. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Griffin R. Lee
- John A. Burns School of MedicineUniversity of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii
| | | | - Aleksi K. Hendricks
- Division of Dermatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona Tucson Arizona
| | - Dylan E. Lee
- Department of MedicineJohn A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii
| | - Vivian Y. Shi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona Tucson Arizona
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27
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Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Vahlquist A, Traupe H, Bygum A, Amaro C, Aldwin M, Audouze A, Bodemer C, Bourrat E, Diociaiuti A, Dolenc-Voljc M, Dreyfus I, El Hachem M, Fischer J, Gånemo A, Gouveia C, Gruber R, Hadj-Rabia S, Hohl D, Jonca N, Ezzedine K, Maier D, Malhotra R, Rodriguez M, Ott H, Paige DG, Pietrzak A, Poot F, Schmuth M, Sitek JC, Steijlen P, Wehr G, Moreen M, O'Toole EA, Oji V, Hernandez-Martin A. Management of congenital ichthyoses: European guidelines of care, part one. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:272-281. [PMID: 30216406 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
These guidelines for the management of congenital ichthyoses have been developed by a multidisciplinary group of European experts following a systematic review of the current literature, an expert conference held in Toulouse in 2016 and a consensus on the discussions. They summarize evidence and expert-based recommendations and are intended to help clinicians with the management of these rare and often complex diseases. These guidelines comprise two sections. This is part one, covering topical therapies, systemic therapies, psychosocial management, communicating the diagnosis and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mazereeuw-Hautier
- Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Dermatology Department, Larrey Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - A Vahlquist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Traupe
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 58,, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - A Bygum
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - C Amaro
- Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Aldwin
- Ichthyosis Support Group, PO Box 1242, Yateley, GU47 7FL, U.K
| | - A Audouze
- Association Ichtyose France, Bellerive sur Allier, France
| | - C Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, Université Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris
| | - E Bourrat
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Paris, France
| | - A Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Dolenc-Voljc
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Dreyfus
- Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Dermatology Department, Larrey Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - M El Hachem
- Dermatology Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - J Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Gånemo
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Research in Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Gouveia
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Hadj-Rabia
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, Université Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris
| | - D Hohl
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Jonca
- Epithelial Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity Unit (UDEAR), UMR 1056 Inserm - Toulouse 3 University, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - K Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, EA EpiDerm, UPEC-Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - D Maier
- Dermatology Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - R Malhotra
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead, U.K
| | - M Rodriguez
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - H Ott
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Auf Der Bult Children's Hospital, Hanover, Germany
| | - D G Paige
- Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, E1 1BB, U.K
| | - A Pietrzak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - F Poot
- ULB-Erasme Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J C Sitek
- Department of Dermatology and Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Steijlen
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - G Wehr
- Selbsthilfe Ichthyose, Kürten, Germany
| | - M Moreen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - E A O'Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - V Oji
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 58,, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Hautarztpraxis am Buddenturm, Rudolf-von-Langen-Straße 55, D-48147, Münster, Germany
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28
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Ozaki A, Otani T, Kitagawa N, Ogata K, Iida H, Kojima H, Inai T. Serum affects keratinization and tight junctions in three-dimensional cultures of the mouse keratinocyte cell line COCA through retinoic acid receptor-mediated signaling. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:315-326. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Anisomycin, a JNK and p38 activator, suppresses cell-cell junction formation in 2D cultures of K38 mouse keratinocyte cells and reduces claudin-7 expression, with an increase of paracellular permeability in 3D cultures. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:369-384. [PMID: 30284609 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes in the oral mucosal epithelium, which is a non-keratinized stratified epithelium, are exposed to various stimuli from the oral cavity. JNK and p38 are stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are phosphorylated by various stimuli and are involved in the assembly and disassembly of tight junctions (TJs) in keratinocytes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of stress-activated MAPKs on TJs in a mouse keratinocyte cell line during cell-cell junction formation in two-dimensional (2D) cultures or stratification to form non-keratinized epithelium in 3D cultures. In 2D cultures, calcium induced zipper-like staining for ZO-1 at 2 h and string-like staining for ZO-1 at 12 h, which indicated immature and mature cell-cell junctions, respectively. Anisomycin (AM), a JNK and p38 activator, inhibited formation of string-like staining for ZO-1, whereas inhibition of JNK, but not p38, after AM treatment restored string-like staining for ZO-1, although claudins (CLDNs) 4, 6, and 7 did not completely colocalize to ZO-1-positive sites. In 3D cultures, AM treatment for 2 weeks activated only p38, suppressed flattening of the superficial cells, removed CLDN7 from ZO-1-positive spots on the surface of 3D cultures, which represent TJs, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance. Thus, short-term AM treatment inhibited maturation of cell-cell junctions by JNK, but not p38, activation. p38 activation by long-term AM treatment affected morphology of stratified structures and paracellular permeability, which was increased by CLDN7 removal from TJs. Various chronic stimuli that activate stress-activated MAPKs may weaken the keratinocyte barrier and be involved in TJ-related diseases.
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30
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Shields CW, White JP, Osta EG, Patel J, Rajkumar S, Kirby N, Therrien JP, Zauscher S. Encapsulation and controlled release of retinol from silicone particles for topical delivery. J Control Release 2018; 278:37-48. [PMID: 29604311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinol, a derivative of vitamin A, is a ubiquitous compound used to treat acne, reduce wrinkles and protect against conditions like psoriasis and ichthyosis. While retinol is used as the primary active ingredient (AI) in many skin care formulations, its efficacy is often limited by an extreme sensitivity to degrade and toxicity at high concentrations. While microencapsulation is an appealing method to help overcome these issues, few microencapsulation strategies have made a major translational impact due to challenges with complexity, cost, limited protection of the AI and poor control of the release of the AI. We have developed a class of silicone particles that addresses these challenges for the encapsulation, protection and controlled release of retinol and other hydrophobic compounds. The particles are prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of silane monomers, which enables their rapid and facile synthesis at scale while maintaining a narrow size distribution (i.e., CV < 20%). We show that our particles can: (i) encapsulate retinol with high efficiency (>85%), (ii) protect retinol from degradation (yielding a half-life 9× greater than unencapsulated retinol) and (iii) slowly release retinol over several hours (at rates from 0.14 to 0.67 μg cm-2 s-1/2). To demonstrate that the controlled release of retinol from the particles can reduce irritation, we performed a double blind study on human subjects and found that formulations containing our particles were 12-23% less irritating than identical formulations containing Microsponge® particles (an industry standard by Amcol, Inc.). To show that the silicone particles can elicit a favorable biological response, similar to the Microsponge® particles, we applied both formulations to reconstructed human epidermal tissues and found an upregulation of keratin 19 (K19) and a downregulation of K10, indicating that the reduced irritation observed in the human study was not caused by reduced activity. We also found a decrease in the production of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) compared to formulations containing the Microsponge particles, suggesting lower irritation levels and supporting the findings from the human study. Finally, we show that the silicone particles can encapsulate other AIs, including betamethasone, N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), homosalate and ingenol mebutate, establishing these particles as a true platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - John P White
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Erica G Osta
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; NSF Partnerships for Research and Education in Materials, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Jerishma Patel
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shashank Rajkumar
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nickolas Kirby
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Stefan Zauscher
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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31
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Vahlquist A, Fischer J, Törmä H. Inherited Nonsyndromic Ichthyoses: An Update on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2018; 19:51-66. [PMID: 28815464 PMCID: PMC5797567 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. Syndromic as well as nonsyndromic forms of ichthyosis exist. Irrespective of etiology, virtually all types of ichthyosis exhibit a defective epidermal barrier that constitutes the driving force for hyperkeratosis, skin scaling, and inflammation. In nonsyndromic forms, these features are most evident in severe autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) and epidermolytic ichthyosis, but to some extent also occur in the common type of non-congenital ichthyosis. A correct diagnosis of ichthyosis-essential not only for genetic counseling but also for adequate patient information about prognosis and therapeutic options-is becoming increasingly feasible thanks to recent progress in genetic knowledge and DNA sequencing methods. This paper reviews the most important aspects of nonsyndromic ichthyoses, focusing on new knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disorders, which will hopefully lead to novel ideas about therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Vahlquist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Judith Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Törmä
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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HPV16-E2 protein modifies self-renewal and differentiation rate in progenitor cells of human immortalized keratinocytes. Virol J 2017; 14:65. [PMID: 28372578 PMCID: PMC5376701 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the fourth cause of death worldwide by cancer in women and is a disease associated to persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly from two high-risk types HPV16 and 18. The virus initiates its replicative cycle infecting cells located in the basal layer of the epithelium, where a small population of epithelial stem cells is located performing important functions of renewal and maintenance of the tissue. Viral E2 gene is one of the first expressed after infection and plays relevant roles in the replicative cycle of the virus, modifying fundamental processes in the infected cells. Thus, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate the presence of hierarchic subpopulations in HaCaT cell line and evaluate the effect of HPV16-E2 expression, on their biological processes. METHODS HaCaT-HPV16-E2 cells were generated by transduction of HaCaT cell line with a lentiviral vector. The α6-integrin-CD71 expression profile was established by immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis. After sorting, cell subpopulations were analyzed in biological assays for self-renewal, clonogenicity and expression of stemness factors (RT-qPCR). RESULTS We identified in HaCaT cell line three different subpopulations that correspond to early differentiated cells (α6-integrindim), transitory amplifying cells (α6-integrinbri/CD71bri) and progenitor cells (α6-integrinbri/CD71dim). The last subpopulation showed stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal ability, clonogenicity and expression of the well-known stem cell factors SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG, suggesting they are stem-like cells. Interestingly, the expression of HPV16-E2 in HaCaT cells changed its α6-integrin-CD71 immunophenotype modifying the relative abundance of the cell subpopulations, reducing significantly the percentage of α6-integrinbri/CD71dim cells. Moreover, the expression of the stem cell markers was also modified, increasing the expression of SOX2 and NANOG, but decreasing notably the expression of OCT4. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated the presence of a small subpopulation with epithelial "progenitor cells" characteristics in the HaCaT cell line, and that HPV16-E2 expression on these cells induces early differentiation.
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Landry DA, Fortin C, Bellefleur AM, Labrecque R, Grand FX, Vigneault C, Blondin P, Sirard MA. Comparative analysis of granulosa cell gene expression in association with oocyte competence in FSH-stimulated Holstein cows. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:2324-2335. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian stimulation with exogenous FSH followed by FSH withdrawal or ‘coasting’ is an effective means of increasing the number of oocytes obtainable for the in vitro production of cattle embryos. However, the quality of the oocytes thus obtained varies considerably from one cow to the next. The aim of the present study was to gain a better understanding of the follicular conditions associated with low oocyte developmental competence. Granulosa cells from 94 Holstein cows in a commercial embryo production facility were collected following ovarian stimulation and coasting. Microarray analysis showed 120 genes expressed with a differential of at least 1.5 when comparing donors of mostly competent with donors of mostly incompetent oocytes. Using ingenuity pathway analysis, we revealed the main biological functions and potential upstream regulators that distinguish donors of mostly incompetent oocytes. These are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, retinol availability and insulin signalling. In summary, we demonstrated that differences in follicle maturity at collection could explain differences in oocyte competence associated with individual animals. We also revealed deficiencies in lipid metabolism and retinol signalling in granulosa cells from donors of mostly incompetent oocytes.
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Mammadova A, Zhou H, Carels CE, Von den Hoff JW. Retinoic acid signalling in the development of the epidermis, the limbs and the secondary palate. Differentiation 2016; 92:326-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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García-Mariscal A, Peyrollier K, Basse A, Pedersen E, Rühl R, van Hengel J, Brakebusch C. RhoA controls retinoid signaling by ROCK dependent regulation of retinol metabolism. Small GTPases 2016; 9:433-444. [PMID: 27754752 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1248272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed small GTPase RhoA is essential for embryonic development and mutated in different cancers. Functionally, it is well described as a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, but its role in gene regulation is less understood. Using primary mouse keratinocytes with a deletion of the RhoA gene, we have now been exploring how the loss of RhoA affects gene expression. Performing transcription factor reporter assays, we found a significantly decreased activity of a RAR luciferase reporter in RhoA-null keratinocytes. Inhibition of the RhoA effector ROCK in control cells reproduced this phenotype. ATRA and retinal, but not retinol increased RAR reporter activity of keratinocytes with impaired RhoA/ROCK signaling, suggesting that retinol metabolism is regulated by RhoA/ROCK signaling. Furthermore a significant percentage of known ATRA target genes displayed altered expression in RhoA-null keratinocytes. These data reveal an unexpected link between the cytoskeletal regulator RhoA and retinoid signaling and uncover a novel pathway by which RhoA regulates gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Peyrollier
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , BRIC, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Astrid Basse
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , BRIC, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Esben Pedersen
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , BRIC, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ralph Rühl
- b Laboratory of Nutritional Bioactivation and Bioanalysis, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- c Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , BRIC, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Bai H, Sun Y, Zhu J, Liu N, Li D, Xue F, Li Y, Chen J. Study on LOC426217 as a candidate gene for beak deformity in chicken. BMC Genet 2016; 17:44. [PMID: 26891797 PMCID: PMC4758156 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The beak deformity (crossed beaks) was found in some indigenous chickens of China, such as Beijing-You (BJY), Qingyuan Partridge, and Huxu Chickens. Birds with deformed beaks have reduced feed intake and drinking, impeded growth rate, and poor production performance. Beak deformity reduces the economy of poultry industry and affects animal welfare as well. The genetic basis of this malformation remains incompletely understood. LOC426217, also named claw keratin-like, was the most up-regulated gene in the deformed beaks from a previous digital gene expression (DGE) analysis and was selected as an important candidate gene for further analysis. Results In the present study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was firstly performed to determine the expression pattern of LOC426217 gene in deformed and normal beaks to verify the DGE results. Tissue-specific expression profile of this gene in 14 tissues was also determined using qRT-PCR. The LOC426217 was amplified from the genomic DNA of 171 deformed and 164 normal beaks, and sequenced to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The results showed that LOC426217 was significantly high-expressed in the deformed beaks, which was in good agreement with the DGE results. This gene was specifically high-expressed in beaks than other tissues. Eight SNPs were detected in LOC426217: -62G > T, 24 T > C, 36G > C, 192A > T, 204C > T, 222 T > C, 285G > T, and 363 T > C. Genotype frequency of G-62 T, T24C, G36C, T222C, and T363C loci was significant different between deformed and normal beaks. Haplotype analysis revealed one block with SNPs T24C and G36C, and one block with SNPs A192T, C204T, T222C, and G285T in normal birds, while the block with SNPs G36C and A192T in deformed ones. Conclusions It was concluded from these results that the over-expression of LOC426217 in the beak maybe related to the malformation. The polymorphisms of LOC426217 gene were associated with the beak deformity trait where the SNPs of G-62 T, T24C, G36C, T222C, and T363C loci maybe used as markers. The specific haplotype block in deformed birds may be a potential linkage marker for this trait. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0353-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Dongli Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Fuguang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yunlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Herzog J, Rid R, Wagner M, Hundsberger H, Eger A, Bauer J, Önder K. Whole-transcriptome gene expression profiling in an epidermolysis bullosa simplex Dowling-Meara model keratinocyte cell line uncovered novel, potential therapeutic targets and affected pathways. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:785. [PMID: 26666517 PMCID: PMC4678661 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To be able to develop effective therapeutics for epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), it is necessary to elucidate the molecular pathomechanisms that give rise to the disease’s characteristic severe skin-blistering phenotype. Results Starting with a whole-transcriptome microarray analysis of an EBS Dowling-Meara model cell line (KEB7), we identified 207 genes showing differential expression relative to control keratinocytes. A complementary qRT-PCR study of 156 candidates confirmed 76.58 % of the selected genes to be significantly up-regulated or down-regulated (p-value <0.05) within biological replicates. Our hit list contains previously identified genes involved in epithelial cell proliferation, cell-substrate adhesion, and responses to diverse biological stimuli. In addition, we identified novel candidate genes and potential affected pathways not previously considered as relevant to EBS pathology. Conclusions Our results broaden our understanding of the molecular processes dysregulated in EBS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1783-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Herzog
- Division of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Raphaela Rid
- Division of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Martin Wagner
- Division of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Harald Hundsberger
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria.
| | - Andreas Eger
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria.
| | - Johann Bauer
- Division of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Kamil Önder
- Division of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Slominski AT, Manna PR, Tuckey RC. On the role of skin in the regulation of local and systemic steroidogenic activities. Steroids 2015; 103:72-88. [PMID: 25988614 PMCID: PMC4631694 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian skin is a heterogeneous organ/tissue covering our body, showing regional variations and endowed with neuroendocrine activities. The latter is represented by its ability to produce and respond to neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, hormones and neurohormones, of which expression and phenotypic activities can be modified by ultraviolet radiation, chemical and physical factors, as well as by cytokines. The neuroendocrine contribution to the responses of skin to stress is served, in part, by local synthesis of all elements of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Skin with subcutis can also be classified as a steroidogenic tissue because it expresses the enzyme, CYP11A1, which initiates steroid synthesis by converting cholesterol to pregnenolone, as in other steroidogenic tissues. Pregnenolone, or steroidal precursors from the circulation, are further transformed in the skin to corticosteroids or sex hormones. Furthermore, in the skin CYP11A1 acts on 7-dehydrocholesterol with production of 7-dehydropregnolone, which can be further metabolized to other Δ7steroids, which after exposure to UVB undergo photochemical transformation to vitamin D like compounds with a short side chain. Vitamin D and lumisterol, produced in the skin after exposure to UVB, are also metabolized by CYP11A1 to several hydroxyderivatives. Vitamin D hydroxyderivatives generated by action of CYP11A1 are biologically active and are subject to further hydroxylations by CYP27B1, CYP27A1 and CP24A. Establishment of which intermediates are produced in the epidermis in vivo and whether they circulate on the systemic level represent a future research challenge. In summary, skin is a neuroendocrine organ endowed with steroid/secosteroidogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Pulak R Manna
- Department of immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Wang L, Zeng H, Wang Q, Zhao Z, Boyer TG, Bian X, Xu W. MED12 methylation by CARM1 sensitizes human breast cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500463. [PMID: 26601288 PMCID: PMC4646802 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The RNA polymerase II mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) is frequently mutated in human cancers, and loss of MED12 has been shown to induce drug resistance through activation of transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGF-βR) signaling. We identified MED12 as a substrate for coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1). Not only are the expression levels of CARM1 and MED12 positively correlated, but their high expression also predicts better prognosis in human breast cancers after chemotherapy. MED12 was methylated at R1862 and R1912 by CARM1, and mutation of these sites in cell lines resulted in resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Furthermore, we showed that the methylation-dependent drug response mechanism is distinct from activation of TGF-βR signaling, because methylated MED12 potently suppresses p21/WAF1 transcription. Cells defective in MED12 methylation have up-regulated p21 protein, which correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Collectively, this study identifies MED12 methylation as a sensor for predicting response to commonly used chemotherapy drugs in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Hao Zeng
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zibo Zhao
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Thomas G. Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229–3900, USA
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Guerra L, Diociaiuti A, El Hachem M, Castiglia D, Zambruno G. Ichthyosis with confetti: clinics, molecular genetics and management. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:115. [PMID: 26381864 PMCID: PMC4573700 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ichthyosis with confetti (IWC) is an autosomal dominant congenital ichthyosis also known as ichthyosis variegata or congenital reticular ichthyosiform erythroderma. It manifests at birth with generalized ichthyosiform erythroderma or with a collodion baby picture. The erythrodermic and ichthyotic phenotype persists during life and its severity may modify. However, the hallmark of the disease is the appearance, in childhood or later in life, of healthy skin confetti-like spots, which increase in number and size with time. IWC is a very rare genodermatosis, with a prevalence <1/1,000,000 and only 40 cases reported worldwide. The most important associated clinical features include ear deformities, mammillae hypoplasia, palmoplantar keratoderma, hypertrichosis and ectropion. IWC is due to dominant negative mutations in the KRT10 and KRT1 genes, encoding for keratins 10 and keratin 1, respectively. In this context, healthy skin confetti-like spots represent “repaired” skin due to independent events of reversion of keratin gene mutations via mitotic recombination. In most cases, IWC clinical suspicion is delayed until the detection of white skin spots. Clinical features, which may represent hint to the diagnosis of IWC even before appearance of confetti-like spots, include ear and mammillae hypoplasia, the progressive development of hypertrichosis and, in some patients, of adherent verrucous plaques of hyperkeratosis. Altogether the histopathological finding of keratinocyte vacuolization and the nuclear staining for keratin 10 and keratin 1 by immunofluorescence are pathognomonic. Nevertheless, mutational analysis of KRT10 or KRT1 genes is at present the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis. IWC has to be differentiated mainly from congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Differential diagnosis also includes syndromic ichthyoses, in particular Netherton syndrome, and the keratinopathic ichthyoses. Most of reported IWC cases are sporadic, but familial cases with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance have been also described. Therefore, knowledge of the mutation is the only way to properly counsel the couples. No specific and satisfactory therapy is currently available for IWC. Like for other congenital ichthyoses, topical treatments (mainly emollients and keratolytics) are symptomatic and offer only temporary relief. Among systemic treatments, retinoids, in particular acitretin, improve disease symptoms in most patients. Although at present there is no curative therapy for ichthyoses, treatments have improved considerably over the years and the best therapy for each patient is always the result of both physician and patient efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In 2010, a new classification of the congenital ichthyoses was published. At the time, the causative genes were known in many but not all instances. The goal of this review is to provide an update on molecular and clinical findings in congenital ichthyosis and to revise evidence-based and emerging treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Mutations in genes encoding for desmosomal components have recently been shown to cause three clinically overlapping entities: peeling skin disease; severe dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting syndrome; and Netherton syndrome. Mutations in keratin 10 have been identified as the cause of ichthyosis with confetti, a rare form of ichthyosis characterized by severe erythroderma in which healthy spots gradually develop since childhood. There is no curative treatment for the congenital ichthyoses. A recent systematic review of randomized clinical trials of ichthyosis treatments revealed that research evidence of therapy is poor. SUMMARY The expanding phenotype and genotype of the ichthyoses facilitates accurate clinical diagnosis and permits a deeper knowledge of the epidermal pathophysiology. Although curative treatment is yet to come, N-acetylcysteine has recently been added to the therapeutic armamentarium and topical enzyme replacement therapy has emerged as a promising alternative in TG1-deficient individuals.
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Identification of genes related to beak deformity of chickens using digital gene expression profiling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107050. [PMID: 25198128 PMCID: PMC4157856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequencies of up to 3% of beak deformity (normally a crossed beak) occur in some indigenous chickens in China, such as and Beijing-You. Chickens with deformed beaks have reduced feed intake, growth rate, and abnormal behaviors. Beak deformity represents an economic as well as an animal welfare problem in the poultry industry. Because the genetic basis of beak deformity remains incompletely understood, the present study sought to identify important genes and metabolic pathways involved in this phenotype. Digital gene expression analysis was performed on deformed and normal beaks collected from Beijing-You chickens to detect global gene expression differences. A total of >11 million cDNA tags were sequenced, and 5,864,499 and 5,648,877 clean tags were obtained in the libraries of deformed and normal beaks, respectively. In total, 1,156 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in the deformed beak with 409 being up-regulated and 747 down-regulated in the deformed beaks. qRT-PCR using eight genes was performed to verify the results of DGE profiling. Gene ontology (GO) analysis highlighted that genes of the keratin family on GGA25 were abundant among the DEGs. Pathway analysis showed that many DEGs were linked to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and glycerolipid metabolism. Combining the analyses, 11 genes (MUC, LOC426217, BMP4, ACAA1, LPL, ALDH7A1, GLA, RETSAT, SDR16C5, WWOX, and MOGAT1) were highlighted as potential candidate genes for beak deformity in chickens. Some of these genes have been identified previously, while others have unknown function with respect to thus phenotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide study to investigate the transcriptome differences in the deformed and normal beaks of chickens. The DEGs identified here are worthy of further functional characterization.
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Tsao CT, Leung M, Chang JYF, Zhang M. A simple material model to generate epidermal and dermal layers in vitro for skin regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5256-5264. [PMID: 25147728 PMCID: PMC4136534 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00614c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a rationally-designed, cellularized skin graft capable of reproducing the micro-environmental cues necessary to promote skin healing and regeneration. To address this need, we developed a composite scaffold, namely, CA/C-PEG, composing of a porous chitosan-alginate (CA) structure impregnated with a thermally reversible chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) (C-PEG) gel to incorporate skin cells as a bi-layered skin equivalent. Fibroblasts were encapsulated in C-PEG to simulate the dermal layer while the keratinocytes were seeded on the top of CA/C-PEG composite scaffold to mimic the epidermal layer. The CA scaffold provided mechanical support for the C-PEG gel and the C-PEG gel physically segregated the keratinocytes from fibroblasts in the construct. Three different tissue culture micro-environments were tested: CA scaffolds without C-PEG cultured in cell culture medium without air-liquid interface (-gel-interface), CA scaffolds impregnated with C-PEG and cultured in cell culture medium without air-liquid interface (-gel-interface), and CA scaffolds impregnated with C-PEG cultured in cell culture medium with air-liquid interface (-gel- interface). We found that the presence of C-PEG increased the cellular proliferation rates of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and the air-liquid interface induced keratinocyte maturation. This CA/C-PEG composite scaffold design is able to recapitulate micro-environments relevant to skin tissue engineering, and may be a useful tool for future skin tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ting Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew Leung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julia Yu-Fong Chang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Slominski AT, Manna PR, Tuckey RC. Cutaneous glucocorticosteroidogenesis: securing local homeostasis and the skin integrity. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:369-374. [PMID: 24888781 PMCID: PMC4046116 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human skin has the ability to synthesize glucocorticoids de novo from cholesterol or from steroid intermediates of systemic origin. By interacting with glucocorticoid receptors, they regulate skin immune functions as well as functions and phenotype of the epidermal, dermal and adnexal compartments. Most of the biochemical (enzyme and transporter activities) and regulatory (neuropeptides mediated activation of cAMP and protein kinase A dependent pathways) principles of steroidogenesis in the skin are similar to those operating in classical steroidogenic organs. However, there are also significant differences determined by the close proximity of synthesis and action (even within the same cells) allowing para-, auto- or intracrine modes of regulation. We also propose that ultraviolet light B (UVB) can regulate the availability of 7-dehydrocholesterol for transformation to cholesterol with its further metabolism to steroids, oxysterols or ∆7 steroids, because of its transformation to vitamin D3. In addition, UVB can rearrange locally produced ∆7 steroids to the corresponding secosteroids with a short- or no-side chain. Thus, different mechanisms of regulation occur in the skin that can be either stochastic or structuralized. We propose that local glucocorticosteroidogenic systems and their regulators, in concert with cognate receptors operate to stabilize skin homeostasis and prevent or attenuate skin pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pulak R Manna
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Kitagawa N, Inai Y, Higuchi Y, Iida H, Inai T. Inhibition of JNK in HaCaT cells induced tight junction formation with decreased expression of cytokeratin 5, cytokeratin 17 and desmoglein 3. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:389-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Skazik C, Amann PM, Heise R, Marquardt Y, Czaja K, Kim A, Rühl R, Kurschat P, Merk HF, Bickers DR, Baron JM. Downregulation of STRA6 expression in epidermal keratinocytes leads to hyperproliferation-associated differentiation in both in vitro and in vivo skin models. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:1579-1588. [PMID: 24284421 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids are known to affect skin cell proliferation and differentiation and are key molecules that target retinoid and retinoic acid receptors (RXRs and RARs), leading to physiological and pharmacologic effects. Our aim was to elucidate the role of the retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6, mediating cellular uptake of retinol, on skin structure and function. Our results indicate that STRA6 is constitutively expressed in human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts and is regulated via RAR/RXR-mediated pathways. HaCaT (Human adult low Calcium high Temperature) cells with stable STRA6 knockdown (STRA6KD) showed increased proliferation. Consistently, human organotypic 3D skin models using stable STRA6KD HaCaT cells showed a significantly thicker epidermis and enhanced expression of activation, differentiation, and proliferation markers. The effects were reversible after treatment with free retinol. Human skin reconstitution employing STRA6KD HaCaT cells leads to massive epithelial thickening under in vivo conditions in SCID mice. We propose that STRA6KD could lead to cellular vitamin A deficiency in keratinocytes. Consequently, STRA6 has a role for regulating retinoid homeostasis and in helping to program signaling that drives proliferation and differentiation of human skin cells. By its influence on hyperproliferation-associated differentiation, STRA6 could also have a role in skin regeneration and could be a target for pharmacological approaches to improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Skazik
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp M Amann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Heise
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Marquardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Czaja
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arianna Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary and
| | - Peter Kurschat
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans F Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David R Bickers
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jens M Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Rassouli FB, Matin MM, Bahrami AR, Ghaffarzadegan K, Cheshomi H, Lari S, Memar B, Kan MS. Evaluating stem and cancerous biomarkers in CD15+CD44+ KYSE30 cells. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2909-20. [PMID: 23797812 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are listed among the ten top causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are malignant cells that share some of their characteristics with normal stem cells, including self-renewal and multipotency, and also cancer cells, such as drug resistance and metastasis. Despite many reports on CSCs with digestive system origin, identification and characterization of esophageal CSCs have remained elusive. To examine the validity of routine SC, cancer cell and CSC markers in KYSE30 cells, derived from esophageal carcinoma, cells were first characterized by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR techniques, and then the significance of candidate biomarkers was evaluated in retinoic acid-treated cells by flow cytometry and/or real-time RT-PCR. Meanwhile, to study CD15 (a newly introduced CSC marker) expression in digestive tract cancers, human normal and tumoral tissues of esophagus, stomach, and colon were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Using several experimental approaches, we show that CD44, but not CD15, could serve as a reliable marker for undifferentiated malignant squamous cells of esophagus. In conclusion, our study confirms the role of CD44 as a CSC marker in KYSE30 cells, an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, and for the first time indicates the expression of CD15 in non-neural stem-like cancer cells. Although the importance of CD15 was not indicated in diagnosis of digestive cancers, further studies are needed to better understand the biological identity and function of this molecule in non-neural malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Haines
- Epithelial Biology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos, Singapore
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Chamcheu JC, Wood GS, Siddiqui IA, Syed DN, Adhami VM, Teng JM, Mukhtar H. Progress towards genetic and pharmacological therapies for keratin genodermatoses: current perspective and future promise. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:481-9. [PMID: 22716242 PMCID: PMC3556927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary keratin disorders of the skin and its appendages comprise a large group of clinically heterogeneous disfiguring blistering and ichthyotic diseases, primarily characterized by the loss of tissue integrity, blistering and hyperkeratosis in severely affected tissues. Pathogenic mutations in keratins cause these afflictions. Typically, these mutations in concert with characteristic features have formed the basis for improved disease diagnosis, prognosis and most recently therapy development. Examples include epidermolysis bullosa simplex, keratinopathic ichthyosis, pachyonychia congenita and several other tissue-specific hereditary keratinopathies. Understanding the molecular and genetic events underlying skin dysfunction has initiated alternative treatment approaches that may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for affected patients. Animal and in vitro disease modelling studies have shed more light on molecular pathogenesis, further defining the role of keratins in disease processes and promoting the translational development of new gene and pharmacological therapeutic strategies. Given that the molecular basis for these monogenic disorders is well established, gene therapy and drug discovery targeting pharmacological compounds with the ability to reinforce the compromised cytoskeleton may lead to promising new therapeutic strategies for treating hereditary keratinopathies. In this review, we will summarize and discuss recent advances in the preclinical and clinical modelling and development of gene, natural product, pharmacological and protein-based therapies for these disorders, highlighting the feasibility of new approaches for translational clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Gaston A, Garry RF. Topical vitamin A treatment of recalcitrant common warts. Virol J 2012; 9:21. [PMID: 22251397 PMCID: PMC3274422 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common warts (verruca vulgaris) are benign epithelial proliferations associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Salicylic acid and cryotherapy are the most frequent treatments for common warts, but can be painful and cause scarring, and have high failure and recrudescence rates. Topical vitamin A has been shown to be a successful treatment of common warts in prior informal studies. CASE The subject is a healthy, physically-active 30 old female with a 9 year history of common warts on the back of the right hand. The warts resisted treatment with salicylic acid, apple cider vinegar and an over-the-counter blend of essential oils marketed for the treatment of warts. Daily topical application of natural vitamin A derived from fish liver oil (25,000 IU) led to replacement of all the warts with normal skin. Most of the smaller warts had been replaced by 70 days. A large wart on the middle knuckle required 6 months of vitamin A treatment to resolve completely. CONCLUSION Retinoids should be further investigated in controlled studies to determine their effectiveness in treating common warts and the broad range of other benign and cancerous lesions induced by HPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Gaston
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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