1
|
Farhadova S, Ghousein A, Charon F, Surcis C, Gomez-Velazques M, Roidor C, Di Michele F, Borensztein M, De Sario A, Esnault C, Noordermeer D, Moindrot B, Feil R. The long non-coding RNA Meg3 mediates imprinted gene expression during stem cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:6183-6200. [PMID: 38613389 PMCID: PMC11194098 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 domain comprises the developmental genes Dlk1 and Rtl1, which are silenced on the maternal chromosome in different cell types. On this parental chromosome, the domain's imprinting control region activates a polycistron that produces the lncRNA Meg3 and many miRNAs (Mirg) and C/D-box snoRNAs (Rian). Although Meg3 lncRNA is nuclear and associates with the maternal chromosome, it is unknown whether it controls gene repression in cis. We created mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) that carry an ectopic poly(A) signal, reducing RNA levels along the polycistron, and generated Rian-/- mESCs as well. Upon ESC differentiation, we found that Meg3 lncRNA (but not Rian) is required for Dlk1 repression on the maternal chromosome. Biallelic Meg3 expression acquired through CRISPR-mediated demethylation of the paternal Meg3 promoter led to biallelic Dlk1 repression, and to loss of Rtl1 expression. lncRNA expression also correlated with DNA hypomethylation and CTCF binding at the 5'-side of Meg3. Using Capture Hi-C, we found that this creates a Topologically Associating Domain (TAD) organization that brings Meg3 close to Dlk1 on the maternal chromosome. The requirement of Meg3 for gene repression and TAD structure may explain how aberrant MEG3 expression at the human DLK1-DIO3 locus associates with imprinting disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Farhadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Genetic Resources Research Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), AZ1106 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Amani Ghousein
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - François Charon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Caroline Surcis
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Melisa Gomez-Velazques
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Clara Roidor
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Flavio Di Michele
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Maud Borensztein
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Albertina De Sario
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Esnault
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Daan Noordermeer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoit Moindrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Z, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Yi Z, Ma H, Wang X, Wang J, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Fang W, Huang P, Liu X. Colorectal cancer microbiome programs DNA methylation of host cells by affecting methyl donor metabolism. Genome Med 2024; 16:77. [PMID: 38840170 PMCID: PMC11151592 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from complex interactions between host and environment, which include the gut and tissue microbiome. It is hypothesized that epigenetic regulation by gut microbiota is a fundamental interface by which commensal microbes dynamically influence intestinal biology. The aim of this study is to explore the interplay between gut and tissue microbiota and host DNA methylation in CRC. METHODS Metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples was performed on matched CRC patients (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 18). Additionally, tissue microbiome was profiled with 16S rRNA gene sequencing on tumor (n = 24) and tumor-adjacent normal (n = 24) tissues of CRC patients, while host DNA methylation was assessed through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) in a subset of 13 individuals. RESULTS Our analysis revealed substantial alterations in the DNA methylome of CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. An extensive meta-analysis, incorporating publicly available and in-house data, identified significant shifts in microbial-derived methyl donor-related pathways between tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Of note, we observed a pronounced enrichment of microbial-associated CpGs within the promoter regions of genes in adjacent normal tissues, a phenomenon notably absent in tumor tissues. Furthermore, we established consistent and recurring associations between methylation patterns of tumor-related genes and specific bacterial taxa. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the pivotal role of the gut microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in dynamically shaping DNA methylation patterns, impacting physiological homeostasis, and contributing to CRC tumorigenesis. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate host-environment interactions in CRC development and offer potential avenues for therapeutic interventions in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yi
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Michele F, Chillón I, Feil R. Imprinted Long Non-Coding RNAs in Mammalian Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13647. [PMID: 37686455 PMCID: PMC10487962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes play diverse roles in mammalian development, homeostasis, and disease. Most imprinted chromosomal domains express one or more long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Several of these lncRNAs are strictly nuclear and their mono-allelic expression controls in cis the expression of protein-coding genes, often developmentally regulated. Some imprinted lncRNAs act in trans as well, controlling target gene expression elsewhere in the genome. The regulation of imprinted gene expression-including that of imprinted lncRNAs-is susceptible to stochastic and environmentally triggered epigenetic changes in the early embryo. These aberrant changes persist during subsequent development and have long-term phenotypic consequences. This review focuses on the expression and the cis- and trans-regulatory roles of imprinted lncRNAs and describes human disease syndromes associated with their perturbed expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Di Michele
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34093 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabel Chillón
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34093 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34093 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stott J, Wright T, Holmes J, Wilson J, Griffiths-Jones S, Foster D, Wright B. A systematic review of non-coding RNA genes with differential expression profiles associated with autism spectrum disorders. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287131. [PMID: 37319303 PMCID: PMC10270643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To identify differential expression of shorter non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). BACKGROUND ncRNA are functional molecules that derive from non-translated DNA sequence. The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) have approved ncRNA gene classes with alignment to the reference human genome. One subset is microRNA (miRNA), which are highly conserved, short RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by direct post-transcriptional repression of messenger RNA. Several miRNA genes are implicated in the development and regulation of the nervous system. Expression of miRNA genes in ASD cohorts have been examined by multiple research groups. Other shorter classes of ncRNA have been examined less. A comprehensive systematic review examining expression of shorter ncRNA gene classes in ASD is timely to inform the direction of research. METHODS We extracted data from studies examining ncRNA gene expression in ASD compared with non-ASD controls. We included studies on miRNA, piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), small NF90 (ILF3) associated RNA (snaR), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), vault RNA (vtRNA) and Y RNA. The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ERIC, AMED and CINAHL for papers published from January 2000 to May 2022. Studies were screened by two independent investigators with a third resolving discrepancies. Data was extracted from eligible papers. RESULTS Forty-eight eligible studies were included in our systematic review with the majority examining miRNA gene expression alone. Sixty-four miRNA genes had differential expression in ASD compared to controls as reported in two or more studies, but often in opposing directions. Four miRNA genes had differential expression in the same direction in the same tissue type in at least 3 separate studies. Increased expression was reported in miR-106b-5p, miR-155-5p and miR-146a-5p in blood, post-mortem brain, and across several tissue types, respectively. Decreased expression was reported in miR-328-3p in bloods samples. Seven studies examined differential expression from other classes of ncRNA, including piRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and Y RNA. No individual ncRNA genes were reported in more than one study. Six studies reported differentially expressed snoRNA genes in ASD. A meta-analysis was not possible because of inconsistent methodologies, disparate tissue types examined, and varying forms of data presented. CONCLUSION There is limited but promising evidence associating the expression of certain miRNA genes and ASD, although the studies are of variable methodological quality and the results are largely inconsistent. There is emerging evidence associating differential expression of snoRNA genes in ASD. It is not currently possible to say whether the reports of differential expression in ncRNA may relate to ASD aetiology, a response to shared environmental factors linked to ASD such as sleep and nutrition, other molecular functions, human diversity, or chance findings. To improve our understanding of any potential association, we recommend improved and standardised methodologies and reporting of raw data. Further high-quality research is required to shine a light on possible associations, which may yet yield important information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Stott
- Child Oriented Mental Health Intervention Collaborative (COMIC), University of York in Collaboration with Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
- Tees, Esk & Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, Foss Park Hospital, York, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wright
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jannah Holmes
- Child Oriented Mental Health Intervention Collaborative (COMIC), University of York in Collaboration with Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Wilson
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Griffiths-Jones
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Foster
- Tees, Esk & Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, Foss Park Hospital, York, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Wright
- Child Oriented Mental Health Intervention Collaborative (COMIC), University of York in Collaboration with Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krushkal J, Vural S, Jensen TL, Wright G, Zhao Y. Increased copy number of imprinted genes in the chromosomal region 20q11-q13.32 is associated with resistance to antitumor agents in cancer cell lines. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:161. [PMID: 36461044 PMCID: PMC9716673 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent of origin-specific allelic expression of imprinted genes is epigenetically controlled. In cancer, imprinted genes undergo both genomic and epigenomic alterations, including frequent copy number changes. We investigated whether copy number loss or gain of imprinted genes in cancer cell lines is associated with response to chemotherapy treatment. RESULTS We analyzed 198 human imprinted genes including protein-coding genes and noncoding RNA genes using data from tumor cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer datasets. We examined whether copy number of the imprinted genes in 35 different genome locations was associated with response to cancer drug treatment. We also analyzed associations of pretreatment expression and DNA methylation of imprinted genes with drug response. Higher copy number of BLCAP, GNAS, NNAT, GNAS-AS1, HM13, MIR296, MIR298, and PSIMCT-1 in the chromosomal region 20q11-q13.32 was associated with resistance to multiple antitumor agents. Increased expression of BLCAP and HM13 was also associated with drug resistance, whereas higher methylation of gene regions of BLCAP, NNAT, SGK2, and GNAS was associated with drug sensitivity. While expression and methylation of imprinted genes in several other chromosomal regions was also associated with drug response and many imprinted genes in different chromosomal locations showed a considerable copy number variation, only imprinted genes at 20q11-q13.32 had a consistent association of their copy number with drug response. Copy number values among the imprinted genes in the 20q11-q13.32 region were strongly correlated. They were also correlated with the copy number of cancer-related non-imprinted genes MYBL2, AURKA, and ZNF217 in that chromosomal region. Expression of genes at 20q11-q13.32 was associated with ex vivo drug response in primary tumor samples from the Beat AML 1.0 acute myeloid leukemia patient cohort. Association of the increased copy number of the 20q11-q13.32 region with drug resistance may be complex and could involve multiple genes. CONCLUSIONS Copy number of imprinted and non-imprinted genes in the chromosomal region 20q11-q13.32 was associated with cancer drug resistance. The genes in this chromosomal region may have a modulating effect on tumor response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Suleyman Vural
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - George Wright
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Funahashi Y, Yoshino Y, Iga JI, Ueno SI. Impact of clozapine on the expression of miR-675-3p in plasma exosomes derived from patients with schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 24:303-313. [PMID: 35904423 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2104924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, the expression changes of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the serum exosomes (EXO) of schizophrenia (SCZ) have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the global expression changes of miRNA derived from the plasma EXO of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and the effects of clozapine on miRNA expression. METHODS Global miRNA expression changes in plasma EXO between TRS and controls were studied using microarray analysis. Then, miRNA expressions among TRS, non-TRS, and controls were confirmed with quantitative qPCR experiments. We also studied changes in EXO miRNA expression with in-vitro SH-SY5Y cells. RESULTS A microarray for miRNA expression analysis (nine controls vs. nine patients with TRS) revealed 13 up- and 18 downregulated miRNAs that were relevant to neuronal and brain development based on gene ontology analysis. Of those, upregulated miR-675-3p expression was successfully validated in the same cohort by qPCR experiments. Conversely, miR-675-3p expression levels were significantly decreased in the non-TRS cohort (50 controls vs. 50 patients without TRS without clozapine treatment). CONCLUSIONS We identified global miRNA changes in plasma EXO derived from patients with SCZ that were relevant to neuronal functions, among which, hsa-miR-675-3p expression was upregulated by clozapine treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Funahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weinberg-Shukron A, Ben-Yair R, Takahashi N, Dunjić M, Shtrikman A, Edwards CA, Ferguson-Smith AC, Stelzer Y. Balanced gene dosage control rather than parental origin underpins genomic imprinting. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4391. [PMID: 35906226 PMCID: PMC9338321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian parental imprinting represents an exquisite form of epigenetic control regulating the parent-specific monoallelic expression of genes in clusters. While imprinting perturbations are widely associated with developmental abnormalities, the intricate regional interplay between imprinted genes makes interpreting the contribution of gene dosage effects to phenotypes a challenging task. Using mouse models with distinct deletions in an intergenic region controlling imprinting across the Dlk1-Dio3 domain, we link changes in genetic and epigenetic states to allelic-expression and phenotypic outcome in vivo. This determined how hierarchical interactions between regulatory elements orchestrate robust parent-specific expression, with implications for non-imprinted gene regulation. Strikingly, flipping imprinting on the parental chromosomes by crossing genotypes of complete and partial intergenic element deletions rescues the lethality of each deletion on its own. Our work indicates that parental origin of an epigenetic state is irrelevant as long as appropriate balanced gene expression is established and maintained at imprinted loci. Here the authors investigate whether for imprinted genes the parent-of-origin of the expressed allele or rather appropriate gene dosage is more important for normal development. Using the differentially methylated region of Dlk1-Dio3 gene involved in imprinting, they show that correct parent-of-origin imprinting pattern is secondary to balanced gene dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Weinberg-Shukron
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Raz Ben-Yair
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Dunjić
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Shtrikman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carol A Edwards
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne C Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Yonatan Stelzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prasad M, Rajagopal P, Devarajan N, Veeraraghavan VP, Palanisamy CP, Cui B, Patil S, Jayaraman S. A comprehensive review on high fat diet-induced diabetes mellitus: An epigenetic view. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109037. [PMID: 35533900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern lifestyle, genetics, nutritional overload through high-fat diet attributed prevalence and diabetes outcomes with various complications primarily due to obesity in which energy-dense diets frequently affect metabolic health. One possible issue usually associated with elevated chronic fat intake is insulin resistance, and hyperglycaemia constitutes an important function in altering the carbohydrates and lipids metabolism. Similarly, in assessing human susceptibility to weight gain and obesity, genetic variations play a central role, contributing to keen interest in identifying the possible role of epigenetics as a mediator of gene-environmental interactions influencing the production of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related concerns. Epigenetic modifications associated with the acceptance of a sedentary lifestyle and environmental stress factors in response to energy intake and expenditure imbalances complement genetic alterations and lead to the production and advancement of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Methylation of DNA, histone modifications and increases in the expression of non-coding RNAs can result in reduced transcriptional activity of key β-cell genes thus creating insulin resistance. Epigenetics contribute to changes in the expression of the underlying insulin resistance and insufficiency gene networks, along with low-grade obesity-related inflammation, increased ROS generation and DNA damage in multi organs. This review focused on epigenetic mechanisms and metabolic regulations associated with high fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Prasad
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and diagnostic (CoMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakhsi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 095, India
| | - Nalini Devarajan
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakhsi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and diagnostic (CoMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trotman JB, Braceros KCA, Cherney RE, Murvin MM, Calabrese JM. The control of polycomb repressive complexes by long noncoding RNAs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1657. [PMID: 33861025 PMCID: PMC8500928 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRCs; PRC1 and PRC2) are conserved histone-modifying enzymes that often function cooperatively to repress gene expression. The PRCs are regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in complex ways. On the one hand, specific lncRNAs cause the PRCs to engage with chromatin and repress gene expression over genomic regions that can span megabases. On the other hand, the PRCs bind RNA with seemingly little sequence specificity, and at least in the case of PRC2, direct RNA-binding has the effect of inhibiting the enzyme. Thus, some RNAs appear to promote PRC activity, while others may inhibit it. The reasons behind this apparent dichotomy are unclear. The most potent PRC-activating lncRNAs associate with chromatin and are predominantly unspliced or harbor unusually long exons. Emerging data imply that these lncRNAs promote PRC activity through internal RNA sequence elements that arise and disappear rapidly in evolutionary time. These sequence elements may function by interacting with common subsets of RNA-binding proteins that recruit or stabilize PRCs on chromatin. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson B. Trotman
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keean C. A. Braceros
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Mechanistic, Interdisciplinary Studies of Biological Systems, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel E. Cherney
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - McKenzie M. Murvin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J. Mauro Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ren J, Xu G, Sun H, Lin T, Xu S, Zhao Y. Inhibition of miR-483-5p improves the proliferation, invasion and inflammatory response of triple-negative breast cancer cells by targeting SOCS3. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1047. [PMID: 34434261 PMCID: PMC8353637 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) have been indicated to serve oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles. However, the role of miR-483-5p in breast cancer and its associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, compared with adjacent normal tissues and MCF-10a cells, the expression level of miR-483-5p was upregulated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues and TNBC cell lines. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay confirmed the presence of miR-483-5p binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). In addition, the expression level of SOCS3 protein in TNBC tissues was markedly lower compared with in adjacent tissues, and miR-483-5p expression was negatively correlated with SOCS3 expression in TNBC tissues. Cell proliferation and flow cytometry assays indicated that knockdown of miR-483-5p inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis in the TNBC cell line BT-549. This effect was markedly attenuated by SOCS3 small interfering (si)RNA transfection. Additionally, wound healing and Transwell assays demonstrated that SOCS3 siRNA reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-483-5p inhibitor on the migration and invasion of BT-549 cells. Moreover, the decrease in miR-483-5p expression significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in BT-549 cells, while SOCS3 siRNA could partially reverse this effect. Additionally, SOCS3 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-483-5p mimic on the proliferation, migration, invasion and inflammation of BT-549 cells. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the inhibition of miR-483-5p could inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and inflammatory response, while promoting the apoptosis of TNBC cells by negatively regulating SOCS3. miR-483-5p may be a potential target for TNBC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Ren
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Muping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Endoscopy Center, Yantai Muping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Lunan, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Sanhui Xu
- 1st Laboratory Department, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Breast Health Department, Tangshan Maternal Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Exploring chromatin structural roles of non-coding RNAs at imprinted domains. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1867-1879. [PMID: 34338292 PMCID: PMC8421051 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Different classes of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) influence the organization of chromatin. Imprinted gene domains constitute a paradigm for exploring functional long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). Almost all express an lncRNA in a parent-of-origin dependent manner. The mono-allelic expression of these lncRNAs represses close by and distant protein-coding genes, through diverse mechanisms. Some control genes on other chromosomes as well. Interestingly, several imprinted chromosomal domains show a developmentally regulated, chromatin-based mechanism of imprinting with apparent similarities to X-chromosome inactivation. At these domains, the mono-allelic lncRNAs show a relatively stable, focal accumulation in cis. This facilitates the recruitment of Polycomb repressive complexes, lysine methyltranferases and other nuclear proteins — in part through direct RNA–protein interactions. Recent chromosome conformation capture and microscopy studies indicate that the focal aggregation of lncRNA and interacting proteins could play an architectural role as well, and correlates with close positioning of target genes. Higher-order chromatin structure is strongly influenced by CTCF/cohesin complexes, whose allelic association patterns and actions may be influenced by lncRNAs as well. Here, we review the gene-repressive roles of imprinted non-coding RNAs, particularly of lncRNAs, and discuss emerging links with chromatin architecture.
Collapse
|
12
|
Martinez VD, Sage AP, Minatel BC, Marshall EA, Price EM, Becker-Santos DD, Robinson WP, Lam WL. Human placental piwi-interacting RNA transcriptome is characterized by expression from the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14981. [PMID: 34294738 PMCID: PMC8298716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is vital to embryonic development and requires a finely-tuned pattern of gene expression, achieved in part by its unique epigenetic landscape. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small-non-coding RNA with established roles as epigenetic regulators of gene expression, largely via methylation of targeted DNA sequences. The expression of piRNAs have mainly been described in germ cells, but a fraction have been shown to retain expression in adult somatic tissues. To aid in understanding the contribution of these regulators in the placenta, we provide the first description of the piRNA transcriptome in human placentas. We find 297 piRNAs to be preferentially expressed in the human placenta, a subset of which are expressed at higher levels relative to testes samples. We also observed a large proportion of placental piRNAs to be expressed from a single locus, as distinct from canonical cluster locations associated with transposable element silencing. Finally, we find that 15 of the highest-expressed placental piRNAs maps to the DLK1-DIO3 locus, suggesting a link to placental biology. Our findings suggest that piRNAs could contribute to the molecular networks defining placental function in humans, and a biological impact of piRNA expression beyond germ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Martinez
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.
| | - Adam P Sage
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brenda C Minatel
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E Magda Price
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wendy P Robinson
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dini P, Kalbfleisch T, Uribe-Salazar JM, Carossino M, Ali HES, Loux SC, Esteller-Vico A, Norris JK, Anand L, Scoggin KE, Rodriguez Lopez CM, Breen J, Bailey E, Daels P, Ball BA. Parental bias in expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2006474118. [PMID: 33853939 PMCID: PMC8072238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006474118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most autosomal genes in the placenta show a biallelic expression pattern. However, some genes exhibit allele-specific transcription depending on the parental origin of the chromosomes on which the copy of the gene resides. Parentally expressed genes are involved in the reciprocal interaction between maternal and paternal genes, coordinating the allocation of resources between fetus and mother. One of the main challenges of studying parental-specific allelic expression (allele-specific expression [ASE]) in the placenta is the maternal cellular remnant at the fetomaternal interface. Horses (Equus caballus) have an epitheliochorial placenta in which both the endometrial epithelium and the epithelium of the chorionic villi are juxtaposed with minimal extension into the uterine mucosa, yet there is no information available on the allelic gene expression of equine chorioallantois (CA). In the current study, we present a dataset of 1,336 genes showing ASE in the equine CA (https://pouya-dini.github.io/equine-gene-db/) along with a workflow for analyzing ASE genes. We further identified 254 potentially imprinted genes among the parentally expressed genes in the equine CA and evaluated the expression pattern of these genes throughout gestation. Our gene ontology analysis implies that maternally expressed genes tend to decrease the length of gestation, while paternally expressed genes extend the length of gestation. This study provides fundamental information regarding parental gene expression during equine pregnancy, a species with a negligible amount of maternal cellular remnant in its placenta. This information will provide the basis for a better understanding of the role of parental gene expression in the placenta during gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Dini
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Theodore Kalbfleisch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - José M Uribe-Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Shavahn C Loux
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Alejandro Esteller-Vico
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Jamie K Norris
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Lakshay Anand
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Carlos M Rodriguez Lopez
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - James Breen
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Ernest Bailey
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Peter Daels
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Barry A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Suchkova IO, Borisova EV, Patkin EL. Length Polymorphism and Methylation Status of UPS29 Minisatellite of the ACAP3 Gene as Molecular Biomarker of Epilepsy. Sex Differences in Seizure Types and Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9206. [PMID: 33276684 PMCID: PMC7730309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease with different clinical forms and inter-individuals heterogeneity, which may be associated with genetic and/or epigenetic polymorphisms of tandem-repeated noncoding DNA. These polymorphisms may serve as predictive biomarkers of various forms of epilepsy. ACAP3 is the protein regulating morphogenesis of neurons and neuronal migration and is an integral component of important signaling pathways. This study aimed to carry out an association analysis of the length polymorphism and DNA methylation of the UPS29 minisatellite of the ACAP3 gene in patients with epilepsy. We revealed an association of short UPS29 alleles with increased risk of development of symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy in women, and also with cerebrovascular pathologies, structural changes in the brain, neurological status, and the clinical pattern of seizures in both women and men. The increase of frequency of hypomethylated UPS29 alleles in men with symptomatic epilepsy, and in women with both symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy was observed. For patients with hypomethylated UPS29 alleles, we also observed structural changes in the brain, neurological status, and the clinical pattern of seizures. These associations had sex-specific nature similar to a genetic association. In contrast with length polymorphism epigenetic changes affected predominantly the long UPS29 allele. We suppose that genetic and epigenetic alterations UPS29 can modify ACAP3 expression and thereby affect the development and clinical course of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina O. Suchkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Mammalian Development, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia;
| | - Elena V. Borisova
- Department of Neurology, Clinic of Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia;
| | - Eugene L. Patkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Mammalian Development, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Varrault A, Dubois E, Le Digarcher A, Bouschet T. Quantifying Genomic Imprinting at Tissue and Cell Resolution in the Brain. EPIGENOMES 2020; 4:21. [PMID: 34968292 PMCID: PMC8594728 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes4030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes are a group of ~150 genes that are preferentially expressed from one parental allele owing to epigenetic marks asymmetrically distributed on inherited maternal and paternal chromosomes. Altered imprinted gene expression causes human brain disorders such as Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes and additional rare brain diseases. Research data principally obtained from the mouse model revealed how imprinted genes act in the normal and pathological brain. However, a better understanding of imprinted gene functions calls for building detailed maps of their parent-of-origin-dependent expression and of associated epigenetic signatures. Here we review current methods for quantifying genomic imprinting at tissue and cell resolutions, with a special emphasis on methods to detect parent-of-origin dependent expression and their applications to the brain. We first focus on bulk RNA-sequencing, the main method to detect parent-of-origin-dependent expression transcriptome-wide. We discuss the benefits and caveats of bulk RNA-sequencing and provide a guideline to use it on F1 hybrid mice. We then review methods for detecting parent-of-origin-dependent expression at cell resolution, including single-cell RNA-seq, genetic reporters, and molecular probes. Finally, we provide an overview of single-cell epigenomics technologies that profile additional features of genomic imprinting, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and chromatin conformation and their combination into sc-multimodal omics approaches, which are expected to yield important insights into genomic imprinting in individual brain cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Varrault
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Emeric Dubois
- Montpellier GenomiX (MGX), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France;
| | - Anne Le Digarcher
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Tristan Bouschet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (A.L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Haig D, Mainieri A. The Evolution of Imprinted microRNAs and Their RNA Targets. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091038. [PMID: 32899179 PMCID: PMC7564603 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genomes contain many imprinted microRNAs. When an imprinted miRNA targets an unimprinted mRNA their interaction may have different fitness consequences for the loci encoding the miRNA and mRNA. In one possible outcome, the mRNA sequence evolves to evade regulation by the miRNA by a simple change of target sequence. Such a response is unavailable if the targeted sequence is strongly constrained by other functions. In these cases, the mRNA evolves to accommodate regulation by the imprinted miRNA. These evolutionary dynamics are illustrated using the examples of the imprinted C19MC cluster of miRNAs in primates and C2MC cluster in mice that are paternally expressed in placentas. The 3′ UTR of PTEN, a gene with growth-related and metabolic functions, appears to be an important target of miRNAs from both clusters.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a parent-of-origin dependent phenomenon that restricts transcription to predominantly one parental allele. Since the discovery of the first long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which notably was an imprinted lncRNA, a body of knowledge has demonstrated pivotal roles for imprinted lncRNAs in regulating parental-specific expression of neighboring imprinted genes. In this Review, we will discuss the multiple functionalities attributed to lncRNAs and how they regulate imprinted gene expression. We also raise unresolved questions about imprinted lncRNA function, which may lead to new avenues of investigation. This Review is dedicated to the memory of Denise Barlow, a giant in the field of genomic imprinting and functional lncRNAs. With her passion for understanding the inner workings of science, her indominable spirit and her consummate curiosity, Denise blazed a path of scientific investigation that made many seminal contributions to genomic imprinting and the wider field of epigenetic regulation, in addition to inspiring future generations of scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A. MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mellissa R. W. Mann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang S, Li Y, Sun S, Cai J, Cao J. Sp1 promotes ovarian cancer cell migration through repressing miR-335 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:211-216. [PMID: 31983431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Decreased miR-335 has been reported in a variety of cancers. We previously showed that miR-335 played an important role in ovarian cancer metastasis and prognosis. However, miR-335 is down-regulated in ovarian cancer by mechanisms that remain unclear. In silico analysis identified putative transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) transcription factor binding sites in the miR-335 promoter. To investigate the relation between SP1 and miR-335, qRT-PCR was performed. Our results showed both Sp1 knockdown and mithramycin A increased miR-335 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that Sp1 knockdown increased miR-335 transcriptional activity. ChIP experiments showed that Sp1 bound directly to miR-335 promoter. Moreover, transwell migration and wound-healing assays showed that Sp1 knockdown resulted in inhibited cell migration, which was in turn mitigated by miR-335 inhibitor. We propose that miR-335 was negatively regulated by SP1, which in turn contributes to miR-335 deregulation and tumor cells migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mainieri A, Haig D. Retrotransposon gag-like 1 (RTL1) and the molecular evolution of self-targeting imprinted microRNAs. Biol Direct 2019; 14:18. [PMID: 31640745 PMCID: PMC6805670 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-019-0250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription of the antisense strand of RTL1 produces a sense mRNA that is targeted for degradation by antisense microRNAs transcribed from the sense strand. Translation of the mRNA produces a retrotransposon-derived protein that is implicated in placental development. The sense and antisense transcripts are oppositely imprinted: sense mRNAs are expressed from the paternally-derived chromosome, antisense microRNAs from the maternally-derived chromosome. RESULTS Two microRNAs at the RTL1 locus, miR-431 and the rodent-specific miR-434, are derived from within tandem repeats. We present an evolutionary model for the establishment of a new self-targeting microRNA derived from within a tandem repeat that inhibits production of RTL1 protein when maternally-derived in heterozygotes but not when paternally-derived. CONCLUSIONS The interaction of sense and antisense transcripts can be interpreted as a form of communication between maternally-derived and paternally-derived RTL1 alleles that possesses many of the features of a greenbeard effect. This interaction is evolutionary stable, unlike a typical greenbeard effect, because of the necessary complementarity between microRNAs and mRNA transcribed from opposite strands of the same double helix. We conjecture that microRNAs and mRNA cooperate to reduce demands on mothers when an allele is paired with itself in homozygous offspring. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Eugene Berezikov and Bernard Crespi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avantika Mainieri
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Haig
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Benton MC, Lea RA, Macartney-Coxson D, Sutherland HG, White N, Kennedy D, Mengersen K, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR. Genome-wide allele-specific methylation is enriched at gene regulatory regions in a multi-generation pedigree from the Norfolk Island isolate. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:60. [PMID: 31594537 PMCID: PMC6781349 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allele-specific methylation (ASM) occurs when DNA methylation patterns exhibit asymmetry among alleles. ASM occurs at imprinted loci, but its presence elsewhere across the human genome is indicative of wider importance in terms of gene regulation and disease risk. Here, we studied ASM by focusing on blood-based DNA collected from 24 subjects comprising a 3-generation pedigree from the Norfolk Island genetic isolate. We applied a genome-wide bisulphite sequencing approach with a genotype-independent ASM calling method to map ASM across the genome. Regions of ASM were then tested for enrichment at gene regulatory regions using Genomic Association Test (GAT) tool. Results In total, we identified 1.12 M CpGs of which 147,170 (13%) exhibited ASM (P ≤ 0.05). When including contiguous ASM signal spanning ≥ 2 CpGs, this condensed to 12,761 ASM regions (AMRs). These AMRs tagged 79% of known imprinting regions and most (98.1%) co-localised with known single nucleotide variants. Notably, miRNA and lncRNA showed a 3.3- and 1.8-fold enrichment of AMRs, respectively (P < 0.005). Also, the 5′ UTR and start codons each showed a 3.5-fold enrichment of AMRs (P < 0.005). There was also enrichment of AMRs observed at subtelomeric regions of many chromosomes. Five out of 11 large AMRs localised to the protocadherin cluster on chromosome 5. Conclusions This study shows ASM extends far beyond genomic imprinting in humans and that gene regulatory regions are hotspots for ASM. Future studies of ASM in pedigrees should help to clarify transgenerational inheritance patterns in relation to genotype and disease phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles C Benton
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Donia Macartney-Coxson
- Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole White
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Kennedy
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kerry Mengersen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yurikova OY, Aisina DE, Niyazova RE, Atambayeva SA, Labeit S, Ivashchenko AT. The Interaction of miRNA-5p and miRNA-3p with the mRNAs of Orthologous Genes. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
22
|
Genomic imprinting disorders: lessons on how genome, epigenome and environment interact. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 20:235-248. [PMID: 30647469 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, the monoallelic and parent-of-origin-dependent expression of a subset of genes, is required for normal development, and its disruption leads to human disease. Imprinting defects can involve isolated or multilocus epigenetic changes that may have no evident genetic cause, or imprinting disruption can be traced back to alterations of cis-acting elements or trans-acting factors that control the establishment, maintenance and erasure of germline epigenetic imprints. Recent insights into the dynamics of the epigenome, including the effect of environmental factors, suggest that the developmental outcomes and heritability of imprinting disorders are influenced by interactions between the genome, the epigenome and the environment in germ cells and early embryos.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Malnou EC, Umlauf D, Mouysset M, Cavaillé J. Imprinted MicroRNA Gene Clusters in the Evolution, Development, and Functions of Mammalian Placenta. Front Genet 2019; 9:706. [PMID: 30713549 PMCID: PMC6346411 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the expression of a subset of microRNA (miRNA) genes is governed by genomic imprinting, an epigenetic mechanism that confers monoallelic expression in a parent-of-origin manner. Three evolutionarily distinct genomic intervals contain the vast majority of imprinted miRNA genes: the rodent-specific, paternally expressed C2MC located in intron 10 of the Sfmbt2 gene, the primate-specific, paternally expressed C19MC positioned at human Chr.19q13.4 and the eutherian-specific, maternally expressed miRNAs embedded within the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 domains at human 14q32 (also named C14MC in humans). Interestingly, these imprinted miRNA genes form large clusters composed of many related gene copies that are co-expressed with a marked, or even exclusive, localization in the placenta. Here, we summarize our knowledge on the evolutionary, molecular, and physiological relevance of these epigenetically-regulated, recently-evolved miRNAs, by focusing on their roles in placentation and possibly also in pregnancy diseases (e.g., preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Cécile Malnou
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Umlauf
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Maïlys Mouysset
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Cavaillé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Berg DK, Pfeffer PL. MicroRNA expression in bovine preimplantation embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:546-554. [PMID: 28847362 DOI: 10.1071/rd17101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We profiled 98 mature microRNAs (miRNAs) using a stem-loop reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay array based on human miRNAs. We demonstrated that one, but not two, base-pair changes in the miRNA recognition sequence at the 3' end only marginally affected copy number estimates. Absolute levels of miRNAs were measured in matured cattle oocytes, eight-cell embryos and normal and parthenogenetic blastocysts and Day-14 trophoblast. Most miRNA concentrations were below the expected functional threshold required for effective repression of moderately to highly abundant target RNA. In oocytes and peri-embryonic genome activation embryos, miRNA 320, a member of the Dgcr8/Drosha-independent class of miRNAs, was expressed at greater than 1000 copies per embryo. miRNAs were more abundant at the eight-cell than the oocyte stage. miRNA concentrations per cell increased from the eight-cell to the blastocyst stage. Both the number of miRNA species and their expression levels were reduced in trophoblast tissue at Day 14. The parthenogenetic samples were more related in their miRNA expression profiles to each other than to their wild-type (in vitro-produced cultured) counterparts. miRNAs 299 and 323, which have been shown to be maternally expressed in other species, were also more than 4-fold overexpressed in the cattle parthenogenetic samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra K Berg
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Peter L Pfeffer
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
El Hajj N, Haertle L, Dittrich M, Denk S, Lehnen H, Hahn T, Schorsch M, Haaf T. DNA methylation signatures in cord blood of ICSI children. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1761-1769. [PMID: 28575352 PMCID: PMC5850272 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does ICSI induce specific DNA methylation changes in the resulting offspring? SUMMARY ANSWER Although several thousand analyzed CpG sites (throughout the genome) displayed significant between-group methylation differences, both ICSI and spontaneously conceived children varied within the normal range of methylation variation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Children conceived by ART have increased risks for medical problems at birth and to the extent of present knowledge also in later life (i.e. impaired metabolic and cardiovascular functions). One plausible mechanism mediating these ART effects are epigenetic changes originating in the germ cells and/or early embryos and persisting during further development. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We compared the cord blood methylomes and candidate gene methylation patterns of newborns conceived through ICSI or spontaneously. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Umbilical cord bloods were obtained from healthy newborn singletons conceived spontaneously (53 samples), through ICSI (89) or IVF (34). Bisulfite-converted DNA samples of 48 ICSI and 46 control pregnancies were used for genome-wide analyses with Illumina's 450K methylation arrays. Candidate genes from the methylation screen were analyzed in all three groups by bisulfite pyrosequencing. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Altogether, 4730 (0.11%) of 428 227 analyzed CpG sites exhibited significant between-group methylation differences, but all with small (β < 10%) or very small (β < 1%) effect size. ICSI children showed a significantly decreased DNA methylation age at birth, lagging approximately half a week behind the controls. ART-susceptible CpGs were enriched in CpG islands with low methylation values (0-20%) and in imprinting control regions (ICRs). Eighteen promoter regions (six in microRNA and SNORD RNA genes), four CpG islands (three in genes including one long non-coding RNA), and two ICRs contained multiple significant sites. Three differentially methylated regions were studied in more detail by bisulfite pyrosequencing. ATG4C and SNORD114-9 could be validated in an independent ICSI group, following adjustment for maternal age and other confounding factors. ATG4C was also significant in the IVF group. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The observed epigenetic effects are small and there are numerous potential confounding factors such as parental age and infertility. Although our study meets current standards for epigenetic screens, sample size is still two orders of magnitude below that of genome-wide association studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study suggests an impact of ICSI on the offspring's epigenome(s), which may contribute to phenotypic variation and disease susceptibility in ART children. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by different classes of non-coding RNAs may be a key mechanism for developmental programming through ART. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by a research grant (no. 692185) from the European Union (ERA of ART). There are no competing interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nady El Hajj
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Haertle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Denk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Lehnen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Municipal Clinics, Hubertusstrasse 100, 41239 Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Thomas Hahn
- Fertility Center, Mainzer Strasse 98-102, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Martin Schorsch
- Fertility Center, Mainzer Strasse 98-102, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abdilla Y, Andria Barbara M, Calleja-Agius J. Prader-Willi Syndrome: Background and Management. Neonatal Netw 2018; 36:134-141. [PMID: 28494825 DOI: 10.1891/0730-0832.36.3.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The imprinting disorder, Prader-Willi syndrome, is a condition associated with the gene region 15q11.2-q.13. The phenotype includes multiple characteristics, most of which are endocrine-related. An accurate diagnosis is done mostly through pre- or postnatal genetic testing. Management is mainly aimed at correcting the endocrine dysfunctions present in these patients. Genetic testing is also important to distinguish between the different causes and to calculate the recurrence risk for parents with affected children. Although a lot has been discovered and this syndrome can be managed to a satisfactory degree, further research is still important especially regarding new potential treatments with greater efficiency and reduced invasiveness. The neonatal nurse has an important role because the management requires thorough monitoring as well as high compliance from both the patient and the carers. Thus, it is essential for the neonatal nurse to have a good knowledge of this condition.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin CY, Chang KW, Lin CY, Wu JY, Coon H, Huang PH, Ho HN, Akbarian S, Gau SSF, Huang HS. Allele-specific expression in a family quartet with autism reveals mono-to-biallelic switch and novel transcriptional processes of autism susceptibility genes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4277. [PMID: 29523860 PMCID: PMC5844893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, and the exact causal mechanism is unknown. Dysregulated allele-specific expression (ASE) has been identified in persons with ASD; however, a comprehensive analysis of ASE has not been conducted in a family quartet with ASD. To fill this gap, we analyzed ASE using genomic DNA from parent and offspring and RNA from offspring's postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC); one of the two offspring had been diagnosed with ASD. DNA- and RNA-sequencing revealed distinct ASE patterns from the PFC of both offspring. However, only the PFC of the offspring with ASD exhibited a mono-to-biallelic switch for LRP2BP and ZNF407. We also identified a novel site of RNA-editing in KMT2C in addition to new monoallelically-expressed genes and miRNAs. Our results demonstrate the prevalence of ASE in human PFC and ASE abnormalities in the PFC of a person with ASD. Taken together, these findings may provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong-He Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Pei-Hsin Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Sung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
- Neurodevelopment Club in Taiwan, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shamsi MB, Firoz AS, Imam SN, Alzaman N, Samman MA. Epigenetics of human diseases and scope in future therapeutics. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:205-211. [PMID: 31435241 PMCID: PMC6695077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of nucleotide modifications that are heritable and act as regulatory mechanisms without changing the nucleotide sequence of the genome. Exogenous cues such as environment, lifestyle, nutrition, stress, and psychological factors affect epigenetic mechanisms. This mechanism is in concordance with the genetic information that plays an important role during prenatal and postnatal life of an individual. Recent epigenetic studies have revealed the potential of epigenetics in elucidating the mechanisms of different diseases. In this review, we discuss basic epigenetic mechanisms and their roles in health and disease. In addition, reported aberrations in epigenetic regulation for some common human diseases are described. Finally, we address some epigenetic approaches that have shown potential for targeted treatment of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monis B Shamsi
- Center for Genetics & Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Abdul S Firoz
- Center for Genetics & Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Syed N Imam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Naweed Alzaman
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Muhammad A Samman
- Center for Genetics & Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hill KE, Kelly AD, Kuijjer ML, Barry W, Rattani A, Garbutt CC, Kissick H, Janeway K, Perez-Atayde A, Goldsmith J, Gebhardt MC, Arredouani MS, Cote G, Hornicek F, Choy E, Duan Z, Quackenbush J, Haibe-Kains B, Spentzos D. An imprinted non-coding genomic cluster at 14q32 defines clinically relevant molecular subtypes in osteosarcoma across multiple independent datasets. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:107. [PMID: 28506242 PMCID: PMC5433149 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A microRNA (miRNA) collection on the imprinted 14q32 MEG3 region has been associated with outcome in osteosarcoma. We assessed the clinical utility of this miRNA set and their association with methylation status. Methods We integrated coding and non-coding RNA data from three independent annotated clinical osteosarcoma cohorts (n = 65, n = 27, and n = 25) and miRNA and methylation data from one in vitro (19 cell lines) and one clinical (NCI Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) osteosarcoma dataset, n = 80) dataset. We used time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (tdROC) analysis to evaluate the clinical value of candidate miRNA profiles and machine learning approaches to compare the coding and non-coding transcriptional programs of high- and low-risk osteosarcoma tumors and high- versus low-aggressiveness cell lines. In the cell line and TARGET datasets, we also studied the methylation patterns of the MEG3 imprinting control region on 14q32 and their association with miRNA expression and tumor aggressiveness. Results In the tdROC analysis, miRNA sets on 14q32 showed strong discriminatory power for recurrence and survival in the three clinical datasets. High- or low-risk tumor classification was robust to using different microRNA sets or classification methods. Machine learning approaches showed that genome-wide miRNA profiles and miRNA regulatory networks were quite different between the two outcome groups and mRNA profiles categorized the samples in a manner concordant with the miRNAs, suggesting potential molecular subtypes. Further, miRNA expression patterns were reproducible in comparing high-aggressiveness versus low-aggressiveness cell lines. Methylation patterns in the MEG3 differentially methylated region (DMR) also distinguished high-aggressiveness from low-aggressiveness cell lines and were associated with expression of several 14q32 miRNAs in both the cell lines and the large TARGET clinical dataset. Within the limits of available CpG array coverage, we observed a potential methylation-sensitive regulation of the non-coding RNA cluster by CTCF, a known enhancer-blocking factor. Conclusions Loss of imprinting/methylation changes in the 14q32 non-coding region defines reproducible previously unrecognized osteosarcoma subtypes with distinct transcriptional programs and biologic and clinical behavior. Future studies will define the precise relationship between 14q32 imprinting, non-coding RNA expression, genomic enhancer binding, and tumor aggressiveness, with possible therapeutic implications for both early- and advanced-stage patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0465-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Hill
- Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew D Kelly
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marieke L Kuijjer
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Barry
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Rattani
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra C Garbutt
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haydn Kissick
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine Janeway
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Perez-Atayde
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Goldsmith
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark C Gebhardt
- Orthopedics, Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohamed S Arredouani
- Surgery, Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Greg Cote
- Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cavaillé J. Box C/D small nucleolar RNA genes and the Prader-Willi syndrome: a complex interplay. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 8. [PMID: 28296064 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus of mammalian cells contains hundreds of box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (SNORDs). Through their ability to base pair with ribosomal RNA precursors, most play important roles in the synthesis and/or activity of ribosomes, either by guiding sequence-specific 2'-O-methylations or by facilitating RNA folding and cleavages. A growing number of SNORD genes with elusive functions have been discovered recently. Intriguingly, the vast majority of them are located in two large, imprinted gene clusters at human chromosome region 15q11q13 (the SNURF-SNRPN domain) and at 14q32 (the DLK1-DIO3 domain) where they are expressed, respectively, only from the paternally and maternally inherited alleles. These placental mammal-specific SNORD genes have many features of the canonical SNORDs that guide 2'-O-methylations, yet they lack obvious complementarity with ribosomal RNAs and, surprisingly, they are processed from large, tandemly repeated genes expressed preferentially in the brain. This review summarizes our understanding of the biology of these peculiar SNORD genes, focusing particularly on SNORD115 and SNORD116 in the SNURF-SNRPN domain. It examines the growing evidence that altered levels of these SNORDs and/or their host-gene transcripts may be a primary cause of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS; a rare disorder characterized by overeating and obesity) as well as abnormalities in signaling through the 5-HT2C serotonin receptor. Finally, the hypothesis that PWS may be a ribosomopathy (ribosomal disease) is also discussed. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1417. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1417 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cavaillé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Université de Toulouse; UPS and CNRS, LMBE, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kaushik P, Anderson JT. Obesity: epigenetic aspects. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:145-55. [PMID: 27327133 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, defined as inheritable and reversible phenomena that affect gene expression without altering the underlying base pair sequence has been shown to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of obesity. Obesity is associated with extensive gene expression changes in tissues throughout the body. Epigenetics is emerging as perhaps the most important mechanism through which the lifestyle-choices we make can directly influence the genome. Considerable epidemiological, experimental and clinical data have been amassed showing that the risk of developing disease in later life is dependent on early life conditions, mainly operating within the normative range of developmental exposures. In addition to the 'maternal' interactions, there has been increasing interest in the epigenetic mechanisms through which 'paternal' influences on offspring development can be achieved. Nutrition, among many other environmental factors, is a key player that can induce epigenetic changes not only in the directly exposed organisms but also in subsequent generations through the transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits. Overall, significant progress has been made in the field of epigenetics and obesity and the first potential epigenetic markers for obesity that could be detected at birth have been identified. Fortunately, epigenetic phenomena are dynamic and rather quickly reversible with intensive lifestyle changes. This is a very promising and sustainable resolution to the obesity pandemic.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved relatively similar RNA-based molecular mechanisms to fight potentially deleterious nucleic acids coming from phages, transposons, or viruses. Short RNAs guide effector complexes toward their targets to be silenced or eliminated. These short immunity RNAs are transcribed from clustered loci. Unexpectedly and strikingly, bacterial and eukaryotic immunity RNA clusters share substantial functional and mechanistic resemblances in fighting nucleic acid intruders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Felden
- Inserm U835 Biochimie Pharmaceutique, Rennes University, F-35043 Rennes, France
- Biosit, Rennes University/Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Luc Paillard
- Biosit, Rennes University/Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35043 Rennes, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, F-35043 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marty V, Labialle S, Bortolin-Cavaillé ML, Ferreira De Medeiros G, Moisan MP, Florian C, Cavaillé J. Deletion of the miR-379/miR-410 gene cluster at the imprintedDlk1-Dio3locus enhances anxiety-related behaviour. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:728-39. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
35
|
Pediatric asthma and autism-genomic perspectives. Clin Transl Med 2015; 4:37. [PMID: 26668064 PMCID: PMC4678135 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-015-0078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput technologies, ranging from microarrays to NexGen sequencing of RNA and genomic DNA, have opened new avenues for exploration of the pathobiology of human disease. Comparisons of the architecture of the genome, identification of mutated or modified sequences, and pre-and post- transcriptional regulation of gene expression as disease specific biomarkers are revolutionizing our understanding of the causes of disease and are guiding the development of new therapies. There is enormous heterogeneity in types of genomic variation that occur in human disease. Some are inherited, while others are the result of new somatic or germline mutations or errors in chromosomal replication. In this review, we provide examples of changes that occur in the human genome in two of the most common chronic pediatric disorders, autism and asthma. The incidence and economic burden of both of these disorders are increasing worldwide. Genomic variations have the potential to serve as biomarkers for personalization of therapy and prediction of outcomes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mest but Not MiR-335 Affects Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130436. [PMID: 26098312 PMCID: PMC4476715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When skeletal muscle fibers are injured, they regenerate and grow until their sizes are adjusted to surrounding muscle fibers and other relevant organs. In this study, we examined whether Mest, one of paternally expressed imprinted genes that regulates body size during development, and miR-335 located in the second intron of the Mest gene play roles in muscle regeneration. We generated miR-335-deficient mice, and found that miR-335 is a paternally expressed imprinted microRNA. Although both Mest and miR-335 are highly expressed during muscle development and regeneration, only Mest+/- (maternal/paternal) mice show retardation of body growth. In addition to reduced body weight in Mest+/-; DMD-null mice, decreased muscle growth was observed in Mest+/- mice during cardiotoxin-induced regeneration, suggesting roles of Mest in muscle regeneration. Moreover, expressions of H19 and Igf2r, maternally expressed imprinted genes were affected in tibialis anterior muscle of Mest+/-; DMD-null mice compared to DMD-null mice. Thus, Mest likely mediates muscle regeneration through regulation of imprinted gene networks in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ruhrmann S, Stridh P, Kular L, Jagodic M. Genomic imprinting: A missing piece of the Multiple Sclerosis puzzle? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:49-57. [PMID: 26002250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for parent-of-origin effects in complex diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) strongly suggests a role for epigenetic mechanisms in their pathogenesis. In this review, we describe the importance of accounting for parent-of-origin when identifying new risk variants for complex diseases and discuss how genomic imprinting, one of the best-characterized epigenetic mechanisms causing parent-of-origin effects, may impact etiology of complex diseases. While the role of imprinted genes in growth and development is well established, the contribution and molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of genomic imprinting in immune functions and inflammatory diseases are still largely unknown. Here we discuss emerging roles of imprinted genes in the regulation of inflammatory responses with a particular focus on the Dlk1 cluster that has been implicated in etiology of experimental MS-like disease and Type 1 Diabetes. Moreover, we speculate on the potential wider impact of imprinting via the action of imprinted microRNAs, which are abundantly present in the Dlk1 locus and predicted to fine-tune important immune functions. Finally, we reflect on how unrelated imprinted genes or imprinted genes together with non-imprinted genes can interact in so-called imprinted gene networks (IGN) and suggest that IGNs could partly explain observed parent-of-origin effects in complex diseases. Unveiling the mechanisms of parent-of-origin effects is therefore likely to teach us not only about the etiology of complex diseases but also about the unknown roles of this fascinating phenomenon underlying uneven genetic contribution from our parents. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Epigenetics dynamics in development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Howard M, Charalambous M. Molecular basis of imprinting disorders affecting chromosome 14: lessons from murine models. Reproduction 2015; 149:R237-49. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Uniparental inheritance of chromosome 14q32 causes developmental failure during gestation and early postnatal development due to mis-expression of a cluster of imprinted genes under common epigenetic control. Two syndromes associated with chromosome 14q32 abnormalities have been described, Kagami–Ogata and Temple syndromes. Both of these syndromes are characterised by specific impairments of intrauterine development, placentation and early postnatal survival. Such abnormalities arise because the processes of intrauterine growth and postnatal adaptation are critically modulated by the dosage of imprinted genes in the chromosome 14q32 cluster. Much of our understanding of how the imprinted genes in this cluster are regulated, as well as their individual functions in the molecular pathways controlling growth and postnatal adaptation, has come from murine models. Mouse chromosome 12qF1 contains an imprinted region syntenic to human chromosome 14q32, collectively referred to as the Dlk1–Dio3 cluster. In this review, we will summarise the wealth of information derived from animal models of chromosome 12 imprinted gene mis-regulation, and explore the relationship between the functions of individual genes and the phenotypic result of their mis-expression. As there is often a considerable overlap between the functions of genes in the Dlk1–Dio3 cluster, we propose that the expression dosage of these genes is controlled by common regulatory mechanisms to co-ordinate the timing of growth and postnatal adaptation. While the diseases associated with mis-regulated chromosome 14 imprinting are rare, studies carried out in mice on the functions of the affected genes as well as their normal regulatory mechanisms have revealed new mechanistic pathways for the control of growth and survival in early life.
Collapse
|
39
|
Sanli I, Feil R. Chromatin mechanisms in the developmental control of imprinted gene expression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:139-47. [PMID: 25908531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of protein-coding genes and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are subject to genomic imprinting. The mono-allelic DNA methylation marks that control imprinted gene expression are somatically maintained throughout development, and this process is linked to specific chromatin features. Yet, at many imprinted genes, the mono-allelic expression is lineage or tissue-specific. Recent studies provide mechanistic insights into the developmentally-restricted action of the 'imprinting control regions' (ICRs). At several imprinted domains, the ICR expresses a long ncRNA that mediates chromatin repression in cis (and probably in trans as well). ICRs at other imprinted domains mediate higher-order chromatin structuration that enhances, or prevents, transcription of close-by genes. Here, we present how chromatin and ncRNAs contribute to developmental control of imprinted gene expression and discuss implications for disease. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Epigenetics dynamics in development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ildem Sanli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), UMR-5535, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), UMR-5535, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Feinberg JI, Bakulski KM, Jaffe AE, Tryggvadottir R, Brown SC, Goldman LR, Croen LA, Hertz-Picciotto I, Newschaffer CJ, Fallin MD, Feinberg AP. Paternal sperm DNA methylation associated with early signs of autism risk in an autism-enriched cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1199-210. [PMID: 25878217 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic mechanisms such as altered DNA methylation have been suggested to play a role in autism, beginning with the classical association of Prader-Willi syndrome, an imprinting disorder, with autistic features. OBJECTIVES Here we tested for the relationship of paternal sperm DNA methylation with autism risk in offspring, examining an enriched-risk cohort of fathers of autistic children. METHODS We examined genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) in paternal semen biosamples obtained from an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) enriched-risk pregnancy cohort, the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) cohort, to estimate associations between sperm DNAm and prospective ASD development, using a 12-month ASD symptoms assessment, the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI). We analysed methylation data from 44 sperm samples run on the CHARM 3.0 array, which contains over 4 million probes (over 7 million CpG sites), including 30 samples also run on the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 (450K) BeadChip platform (∼485 000 CpG sites). We also examined associated regions in an independent sample of post-mortem human brain ASD and control samples for which Illumina 450K DNA methylation data were available. RESULTS Using region-based statistical approaches, we identified 193 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in paternal sperm with a family-wise empirical P-value [family-wise error rate (FWER)] <0.05 associated with performance on the Autism Observational Scale for Infants (AOSI) at 12 months of age in offspring. The DMRs clustered near genes involved in developmental processes, including many genes in the SNORD family, within the Prader-Willi syndrome gene cluster. These results were consistent among the 75 probes on the Illumina 450K array that cover AOSI-associated DMRs from CHARM. Further, 18 of 75 (24%) 450K array probes showed consistent differences in the cerebellums of autistic individuals compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that epigenetic differences in paternal sperm may contribute to autism risk in offspring, and provide evidence that directionally consistent, potentially related epigenetic mechanisms may be operating in the cerebellum of individuals with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason I Feinberg
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, Center for Epigenetics
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Epidemiology
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Mental Health and
| | | | - Shannon C Brown
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Epidemiology
| | - Lynn R Goldman
- George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Autism Research Program
| | | | - Craig J Newschaffer
- Drexel University, A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Mental Health and
| | - Andrew P Feinberg
- Johns Hopkins University, Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li G, Qiu S. Neurodevelopmental Underpinnings of Angelman Syndrome. JOURNAL OF BIOANALYSIS & BIOMEDICINE 2014; 6:052056. [PMID: 26491538 PMCID: PMC4610198 DOI: 10.4172/1948-593x.1000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Life Science, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Life Science, Arizona State University, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Galiveti CR, Raabe CA, Konthur Z, Rozhdestvensky TS. Differential regulation of non-protein coding RNAs from Prader-Willi Syndrome locus. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6445. [PMID: 25246219 PMCID: PMC4171697 DOI: 10.1038/srep06445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by the deletion of imprinted genes on the paternally inherited human chromosome 15q11-q13. This locus harbours a long non-protein-coding RNA (U-UBE3A-ATS) that contains six intron-encoded snoRNAs, including the SNORD116 and SNORD115 repetitive clusters. The 3′-region of U-UBE3A-ATS is transcribed in the cis-antisense direction to the ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene. Deletion of the SNORD116 region causes key characteristics of PWS. There are few indications that SNORD115 might regulate serotonin receptor (5HT2C) pre-mRNA processing. Here we performed quantitative real-time expression analyses of RNAs from the PWS locus across 20 human tissues and combined it with deep-sequencing data derived from Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE-seq) libraries. We found that the expression profiles of SNORD64, SNORD107, SNORD108 and SNORD116 are similar across analyzed tissues and correlate well with SNORD116 embedded U-UBE3A-ATS exons (IPW116). Notable differences in expressions between the aforementioned RNAs and SNORD115 together with the host IPW115 and UBE3A cis-antisense exons were observed. CAGE-seq analysis revealed the presence of potential transcriptional start sites originated from the U-UBE3A-ATS spanning region. Our findings indicate novel aspects for the expression regulation in the PWS locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenna R Galiveti
- 1] Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany [2] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten A Raabe
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Zoltán Konthur
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany [2] Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timofey S Rozhdestvensky
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kanherkar RR, Bhatia-Dey N, Csoka AB. Epigenetics across the human lifespan. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:49. [PMID: 25364756 PMCID: PMC4207041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has the potential to explain various biological phenomena that have heretofore defied complete explication. This review describes the various types of endogenous human developmental milestones such as birth, puberty, and menopause, as well as the diverse exogenous environmental factors that influence human health, in a chronological epigenetic context. We describe the entire course of human life from periconception to death and chronologically note all of the potential internal timepoints and external factors that influence the human epigenome. Ultimately, the environment presents these various factors to the individual that influence the epigenome, and the unique epigenetic and genetic profile of each individual also modulates the specific response to these factors. During the course of human life, we are exposed to an environment that abounds with a potent and dynamic milieu capable of triggering chemical changes that activate or silence genes. There is constant interaction between the external and internal environments that is required for normal development and health maintenance as well as for influencing disease load and resistance. For example, exposure to pharmaceutical and toxic chemicals, diet, stress, exercise, and other environmental factors are capable of eliciting positive or negative epigenetic modifications with lasting effects on development, metabolism and health. These can impact the body so profoundly as to permanently alter the epigenetic profile of an individual. We also present a comprehensive new hypothesis of how these diverse environmental factors cause both direct and indirect epigenetic changes and how this knowledge can ultimately be used to improve personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riya R Kanherkar
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Naina Bhatia-Dey
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antonei B Csoka
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
miR455 is linked to hypoxia signaling and is deregulated in preeclampsia. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1408. [PMID: 25188518 PMCID: PMC4540200 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy-related disorder and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. Early identification of patients with an increased risk for preeclampsia is thus one of the most important goals in obstetrics. Here we identify two related human microRNAs as potential biomarkers to detect at-risk pregnancies. We demonstrate that miR455-3P and miR455-5P are significantly downregulated in placentas from preeclampsia patients, whereas other placenta-specific microRNAs remain unaffected. microRNA target prediction and validation revealed a potential link of miR455-3P to hypoxia signaling. Together with our observation that expression levels of miR455-3P and miR455-5P are upregulated during trophoblast differentiation, our results suggest a model in which miR455-3P represses a hypoxia response that might otherwise prevent cytotrophoblasts from syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. In summary, our work reveals aberrant hypoxia signaling in preeclampsia that can be explained by deregulated expression of miR455. As miR455 has been found in circulating blood, the development of noninvasive prenatal tests enabling early diagnosis of preeclampsia may be possible.
Collapse
|
45
|
Labialle S, Marty V, Bortolin-Cavaillé ML, Hoareau-Osman M, Pradère JP, Valet P, Martin PGP, Cavaillé J. The miR-379/miR-410 cluster at the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 domain controls neonatal metabolic adaptation. EMBO J 2014; 33:2216-30. [PMID: 25124681 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201387038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, birth entails complex metabolic adjustments essential for neonatal survival. Using a mouse knockout model, we identify crucial biological roles for the miR-379/miR-410 cluster within the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 region during this metabolic transition. The miR-379/miR-410 locus, also named C14MC in humans, is the largest known placental mammal-specific miRNA cluster, whose 39 miRNA genes are expressed only from the maternal allele. We found that heterozygote pups with a maternal--but not paternal--deletion of the miRNA cluster display partially penetrant neonatal lethality with defects in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. This maladaptive metabolic response is caused, at least in part, by profound changes in the activation of the neonatal hepatic gene expression program, pointing to as yet unidentified regulatory pathways that govern this crucial metabolic transition in the newborn's liver. Not only does our study highlight the physiological importance of miRNA genes that recently evolved in placental mammal lineages but it also unveils additional layers of RNA-mediated gene regulation at the Dlk1-Dio3 domain that impose parent-of-origin effects on metabolic control at birth and have likely contributed to mammal evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Labialle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, UPS Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France CNRS LBME, UMR5099, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, UPS Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France CNRS LBME, UMR5099, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Line Bortolin-Cavaillé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, UPS Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France CNRS LBME, UMR5099, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Hoareau-Osman
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, UPS Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France CNRS LBME, UMR5099, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pradère
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal G P Martin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, UPS Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France CNRS LBME, UMR5099, Toulouse, France INRA UMR1331 TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse INP UPS TOXALIM, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Cavaillé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, UPS Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France CNRS LBME, UMR5099, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gattolliat CH, Le Teuff G, Combaret V, Mussard E, Valteau-Couanet D, Busson P, Bénard J, Douc-Rasy S. Expression of two parental imprinted miRNAs improves the risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. Cancer Med 2014; 3:998-1009. [PMID: 24931722 PMCID: PMC4303168 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age at diagnosis, stage, and MYCN amplification are the cornerstones of the risk-stratification score of neuroblastoma that enables defining patients at low- and high risk. Refinement of this stratification is needed to optimize standard treatment and to plan future clinical trials. We investigated whether two parental imprinted miRNAs (miR-487b and miR-516a-5p) may lead to a risk score with a better discrimination. Expression levels of maternal miR-487b and paternal miR-516a-5p were determined using quantitative RT-PCR both for 231 neuroblastoma tumors (derivation set) and 101 independent neuroblastoma tumors (validation set). Survival outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariable Cox models were developed from derivation set and their performance evaluated using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) (goodness-of-fit) and time-dependent area under curves (discrimination). The selected model was validated using internal and external validation. The prognostic model including current prognostic factors plus miR-487b, miR-516a-5p, and interaction between two miRNAs was selected. Performance of this model was better in terms of both predictive ability (smallest AIC) and discrimination power (AUC close to 0.70). This model identifies three risk groups: high (3), intermediate (2), and low (1). Hazard ratios (HR) across risk groups were HR2/1 = 6.3 (2.7–14.6), HR3/1 = 14.8 (7.2–30.2) for OS and HR2/1 = 2.8 (1.5–5.4), HR3/1 = 7.2 (3.9–13.4) for DFS. The rank between these three risk groups was maintained and validated when performing internal and external validation. Expression of maternal miR-487b and paternal miR-516a-5p improves the risk stratification. This better discrimination at diagnosis is of clinical utility both for current and future treatments of neuroblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henry Gattolliat
- CNRS UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France; INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wolf JB, Oakey RJ, Feil R. Imprinted gene expression in hybrids: perturbed mechanisms and evolutionary implications. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:167-75. [PMID: 24619185 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse mechanisms contribute to the evolution of reproductive barriers, a process that is critical in speciation. Amongst these are alterations in gene products and in gene dosage that affect development and reproductive success in hybrid offspring. Because of its strict parent-of-origin dependence, genomic imprinting is thought to contribute to the aberrant phenotypes observed in interspecies hybrids in mammals and flowering plants, when the abnormalities depend on the directionality of the cross. In different groups of mammals, hybrid incompatibility has indeed been linked to loss of imprinting. Aberrant expression levels have been reported as well, including imprinted genes involved in development and growth. Recent studies in humans emphasize that genetic diversity within a species can readily perturb imprinted gene expression and phenotype as well. Despite novel insights into the underlying mechanisms, the full extent of imprinted gene perturbation still remains to be determined in the different hybrid systems. Here we review imprinted gene expression in intra- and interspecies hybrids and examine the evolutionary scenarios under which imprinting could contribute to hybrid incompatibilities. We discuss effects on development and reproduction and possible evolutionary implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Wolf
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - R J Oakey
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS, UMR-5535 and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kapur RP, Berry JE, Tsuchiya KD, Opheim KE. Activation of the chromosome 19q microRNA cluster in sporadic and androgenetic-biparental mosaicism-associated hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2014; 17:75-84. [PMID: 24555441 DOI: 10.2350/13-12-1415-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent genetic alterations found in hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma include either androgenetic-biparental mosaicism or chromosomal rearrangements involving chromosome 19q13.4, in the vicinity of the chromosome 19q microRNA cluster (C19MC). Abnormal activation of C19MC, which is subject to paternal imprinting and is normally expressed only in placenta, could account for both genetic associations because androgenetic cells carry only paternal chromosomes. In this study, a 4.2-Mb deletion involving the 5'-end of C19MC was detected in a sporadic mesenchymal hamartoma by chromosomal microarray. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies showed that the deletion localized to mesenchymal cells in the stroma of the hamartoma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of this tumor, 9 other sporadic hepatic mesenchymal hamartomas, and 3 hamartomas associated with androgenetic-biparental mosaicism demonstrated C19MC microRNA expression in all but 2 sporadic cases, with no significant expression in control liver. The findings support a pathogenetic model for mesenchymal hamartoma as a consequence of "ectopic" activation of C19MC in hepatic stroma, due to either chromosomal rearrangements or paternal uniparental disomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj P Kapur
- 1 Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Autuoro JM, Pirnie SP, Carmichael GG. Long noncoding RNAs in imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. Biomolecules 2014; 4:76-100. [PMID: 24970206 PMCID: PMC4030979 DOI: 10.3390/biom4010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) research has been rapidly advancing in recent years. Technological advancements and deep-sequencing of the transcriptome have facilitated the identification of numerous new lncRNAs, many with unusual properties, however, the function of most of these molecules is still largely unknown. Some evidence suggests that several of these lncRNAs may regulate their own transcription in cis, and that of nearby genes, by recruiting remodeling factors to local chromatin. Notably, lncRNAs are known to exist at many imprinted gene clusters. Genomic imprinting is a complex and highly regulated process resulting in the monoallelic silencing of certain genes, based on the parent-of-origin of the allele. It is thought that lncRNAs may regulate many imprinted loci, however, the mechanism by which they exert such influence is poorly understood. This review will discuss what is known about the lncRNAs of major imprinted loci, and the roles they play in the regulation of imprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Autuoro
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Stephan P Pirnie
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Gordon G Carmichael
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sittig LJ, Redei EE. Fine-tuning notes in the behavioral symphony: parent-of-origin allelic gene expression in the brain. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2014; 86:93-106. [PMID: 25172347 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800222-3.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the thyroid hormone (TH)-metabolizing enzyme, deiodinase type III (Dio3), exhibits a preferential paternal expression in most tissues. Dio3 is part of the Dlk1-Dio3 imprinted locus, so named according to its ancestral genes, Delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1) and Dio3, which among other important functions control metabolic programming in the developing embryo and fetus. Here, we describe the aspects of the genomic imprinting patterns exhibited by Dio3 across brain regions and development. The corresponding local changes in the dosage of the Dio3 enzyme are inversely related to TH levels that vary from one brain region to another, and affect social and cognitive behaviors. We show that this regional tuning of brain region-specific expression is dependent on parent of origin-specific genetic polymorphisms in the rat, is sexually dimorphic, and is affected by the early environmental challenge of fetal exposure to alcohol, opening the possibility that the potential for variant expression patterns of the Dio3 gene is quite large. The multiple regulatory genomic features within the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, and other imprinted loci, allow mammals to specifically modulate parent-of-origin allelic gene expression brain region. These regulatory structures seem to have evolved as a possible mechanism of adaptation in response to the simultaneous need for highly regulated expression in some tissues during development, but variable expression across specific regions of the brain over the complete life span. Here, we use Dio3 as a single gene example of the epigenetic parent-of-origin allelic expression in specific brain regions and discuss the potential of this general phenomenon to shape evolutionarily relevant social and cognitive behavior in eutherian mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Sittig
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|