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Movérare R, Persson E, Malinovschi A, Janson C. Reference values of serum total IgE in Uppsala - comparison over four decades. Ups J Med Sci 2023; 128:9892. [PMID: 38084204 PMCID: PMC10710850 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v128.9892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) analysis is a common tool in allergy diagnosis. Suggested reference values for IgE are divergent and sometimes based on outdated assay methods. We aimed to validate the published reference values (geometric mean [GM]: 13.2 kU/L, upper limit of normal [ULN], 114 kU/L) shown in an Uppsala cohort from 1974 using Phadebas IgE PRIST, and the suggested clinical threshold of 100 kU/L (Zetterström and Johansson 1981). Methods Immunoglobulin E was measured in two Uppsala cohorts from 1997 (Blood bank) and 2011 to 2013 (the European community respiratory health survey part III [ECRHS III]) using ImmunoCAP™ Total IgE. For the reference value calculations, exclusion criteria were atopy (both cohorts), doctor's diagnosis of asthma and self-reported allergy (hay fever, rhinitis, rash) (only ECRHS III). Upper limit of normal was defined as mean + 2 standard deviations (SD) calculated using log-transformed values and back-transformation of the ULN prior to presentation. Common imputation methods for results below the assay range were evaluated. Results The average GM was 14.2 kU/L (Blood bank, n = 63; imputation method range: 16.9-17.4 kU/L; ECRHS III, n = 113: 10.7-11.6 kU/L) and the overall mean ULN was 118 kU/L (Blood bank: 113-130 kU/L; ECRHS III: 104-128 kU/L). The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the 100 kU/L IgE threshold were 37.8 and 94.3% for atopy, 34.9 and 89.5% for doctor's diagnosis of asthma, and 24.5 and 97.3% for any self-reported allergy (ECRHS III). Conclusion The calculated ULN values were similar between the cohorts. We conclude that the total IgE reference values shown for Uppsala subjects from 1974 are still valid and suitable also for the ImmunoCAP Total IgE assay. The 100 kU/L threshold for total IgE had a low sensitivity but high specificity for atopy, asthma, and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Movérare
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Mahdaviani SA, Ghadimi S, Fallahi M, Hashemi-Moghaddam SA, Chavoshzadeh Z, Puel A, Rezaei N, Rekabi M, Daneshmandi Z, Sheikhy K, Kakhki AD, Saghebi SR, Pejhan S, Jamee M. Interventional pulmonary procedures and their outcomes in patients with STAT3 hyper IgE syndrome. BMC Surg 2023; 23:289. [PMID: 37741967 PMCID: PMC10517538 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND STAT3 hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (STAT3-HIES) also referred to as autosomal dominant HIES (AD-HIES) is an inborn error of immunity characterized by the classic triad of eczema, frequent opportunistic infections, and elevated serum IgE levels. As a consequence of lung sequels due to repeated infections and impaired tissue healing, patients may require interventional pulmonary procedures. METHOD Four patients with dominant-negative STAT3 mutations who had received interventional pulmonary procedures were enrolled. The demographic, clinical, and molecular characteristics were gathered through a medical record search. All reported STAT3-HIES patients in the literature requiring pulmonary procedures as part of their treatment were reviewed. RESULT Recurrent episodes of pneumonia and lung abscess were the most prevalent symptoms. The most common non-immunological features were scoliosis, failure to thrive, and dental problems such as primary teeth retention and disseminated decays. Bronchiectasis, lung abscess, pneumatocele, and cavitary lesion were the most prevalent finding on high-resolution computed tomography at the earliest recording. All patients underwent pulmonary surgery and two of them experienced complications. CONCLUSION Patients with STAT3-HIES have marked pulmonary infection susceptibility which may necessitate thoracic surgeries. Since surgical procedures involve a high risk of complication, surgical options are recommended to be utilized only in cases of drug resistance or emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodeh Ghadimi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mazdak Fallahi
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atefeh Hashemi-Moghaddam
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Chavoshzadeh
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rekabi
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Daneshmandi
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Sheikhy
- Lung Transplantation Research Center (LTRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Daneshvar Kakhki
- Lung Transplantation Research Center (LTRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Saghebi
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saviz Pejhan
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Jamee
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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3
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Vaseghi-Shanjani M, Yousefi P, Sharma M, Samra S, Sifuentes E, Turvey SE, Biggs CM. Transcription factor defects in inborn errors of immunity with atopy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1237852. [PMID: 37727514 PMCID: PMC10505736 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1237852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical components involved in regulating immune system development, maintenance, and function. Monogenic defects in certain TFs can therefore give rise to inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) with profound clinical implications ranging from infections, malignancy, and in some cases severe allergic inflammation. This review examines TF defects underlying IEIs with severe atopy as a defining clinical phenotype, including STAT3 loss-of-function, STAT6 gain-of-function, FOXP3 deficiency, and T-bet deficiency. These disorders offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of allergic inflammation, expanding our understanding of both rare monogenic and common polygenic allergic diseases. Advances in genetic testing will likely uncover new IEIs associated with atopy, enriching our understanding of molecular pathways involved in allergic inflammation. Identification of monogenic disorders profoundly influences patient prognosis, treatment planning, and genetic counseling. Hence, the consideration of IEIs is essential for patients with severe, early-onset atopy. This review highlights the need for continued investigation into TF defects to enhance our understanding and management of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vaseghi-Shanjani
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pariya Yousefi
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mehul Sharma
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simran Samra
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erika Sifuentes
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine M. Biggs
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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4
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Verras GGI, Mulita F, Chlorogiannis DD, Liolis E, Perdikaris I, Perdikaris P, Bouchagie K, Akrida I. A Young Woman with Autosomal Dominant Hyper Immunoglobulin E (job's) Syndrome Presenting with Acute Abdomen: a Case Report. Med Arch 2022; 76:476-479. [PMID: 36937610 PMCID: PMC10019861 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2022.76.476-479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant hyper immunoglobulin IgE syndrome is a rare inherited condition that causes immune suppression. Objective This case report describes a severe case of liver abscess, caused by a cavity-forming infection, secondary to Job's syndrome. Case presentation A 25-year-old female patient was emergently referred to the surgical department, for the evaluation of acute, right-sided, upper abdominal pain, fever, and chills. The patient reported a past history of recurrent pulmonary infections as well as a prior diagnosis of Job's syndrome. An abdominal CT scan revealed a large intrahepatic cystic mass, consistent with a hepatic abscess on the right liver lobe. The patient was started on a course of antibiotics and was admitted to the surgical ward for further treatment. After much deliberation, a multidisciplinary team comprised of general surgeons, gastroenterologists, and interventional radiologists, decided upon the guided drainage of the abscess. Two pigtail catheters were used to drain the cavities. Antibiotic use was de-escalated, the patient gradually recovered, and the reported abscesses were greatly reduced in size. After 14 days of treatment, the patient was successfully released home. Conclusion In patients with a known history of the autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome, presenting with acute abdominal pain, the liver abscess must be on the top of the differential diagnosis list.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesk Mulita
- Surgical Department, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Elias Liolis
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Ioanna Akrida
- Surgical Department, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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5
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Hazime R, Eddehbi FE, El Mojadili S, Lakhouaja N, Souli I, Salami A, M’Raouni B, Brahim I, Oujidi M, Guennouni M, Bousfiha AA, Admou B. Inborn errors of immunity and related microbiome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982772. [PMID: 36177048 PMCID: PMC9513548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are characterized by diverse clinical manifestations that are dominated by atypical, recurrent, chronic, or severe infectious or non-infectious features, including autoimmunity, lymphoproliferative disease, granulomas, and/or malignancy, which contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality. Some data suggest a correlation between clinical manifestations of IEI and altered gut microbiota. Many IEI display microbial dysbiosis resulting from the proliferation of pro-inflammatory bacteria or a decrease in anti-inflammatory bacteria with variations in the composition and function of numerous microbiota. Dysbiosis is considered more established, mainly within common variable immunodeficiency, selective immunoglobulin A deficiency, severe combined immunodeficiency diseases, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, Hyper-IgE syndrome, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal-dystrophy (APECED), immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy X-linked (IPEX) syndrome, IL-10 receptor deficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, and Kostmann disease. For certain IEIs, the specific predominance of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cutaneous involvement, which is frequently associated with dysbiosis, justifies the interest for microbiome identification. With the better understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota, host immunity, and infectious diseases, the integration of microbiota modulation as a therapeutic approach or a preventive measure of infection becomes increasingly relevant. Thus, a promising strategy is to develop optimized prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation to rebalance the intestinal microbiota and thereby attenuate the disease activity of many IEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Hazime
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Ezzohra Eddehbi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Saad El Mojadili
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Nadia Lakhouaja
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ikram Souli
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelmouïne Salami
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Bouchra M’Raouni
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Imane Brahim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Oujidi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Morad Guennouni
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha
- Pediatric infectious and Immunology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Brahim Admou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Brahim Admou,
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6
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Kamyshna I, Kamyshnyi A. Transcription factors and regulators pathway-focused genes expression analysis in patients with different forms of thyroid pathology. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1396-1404. [PMID: 35176984 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220217123454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a T cell-mediated organ-specific disorder and transcription factors have a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, especially in the fate of T-helper cells. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate changes in the gene expression profile of transcription factors and regulators in patients with different forms of thyroid pathology Methods. We used the pathway-specific real-time PCR array (Neurotrophins and Receptors RT2 Profiler PCR Array, QIAGEN, Germany) to identify and verify transcription factors and regulators pathway-focused genes expression in peripheral white blood cells of patients with postoperative hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism as a result of AIT and AIT with elevated serum an anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. RESULTS It was shown that in patients with postoperative hypothyroidism FOS, NR1I2, STAT4, and TP53 significantly increased their expression whereas the expression of STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 decreased. In patients with hypothyroidism as a result of AIT, we have found increased expression of NR1I2, STAT2, and STAT3. In contrast, the expression of STAT1 and TP53 decreased. FOS and STAT4 mRNAs did not change their expression. In patients with AIT and elevated serum anti-Tg and anti-TPO antibodies, the expression of FOS and NR1I2 reduced whereas the mRNA level of STAT3 increased. STAT1, STAT2, and STAT4 mRNAs did not change their expression. MYC did not change its expression in all groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism affect the mRNA-level expression of transcription factors and regulators genes in a gene-specific manner and that these changes to genes expression can be among the triggers of autoimmune inflammation progression in the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kamyshna
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Majdan Voli 1, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Majdan Voli 1, Ternopil, Ukraine
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7
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Ijaz N, Hanif H, Rehman IU, Khan SD, Khan OS. FUNGAL NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE IN A HYPER IMMUNOGLOBULIN E SYNDROME FROM PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN: AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION. GOMAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.46903/gjms/19.02.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper IGE syndrome is one of the primary immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by the presence of abnormally raised serum IGE levels (2000 IU/ml) with defective humoral and cell mediated immunity presenting in infancy or early childhood. It is a rare disease with only about 200 cases reported in literature. Usually, it is diagnosed clinically and by raised serum IGE levels. Mostly, it presents with recurrent staphylococcal skin abscesses, sinopulmonary infections, and opportunistic mycotic infections due to the immunodeficient state. Rarely, the central nervous system is involved by this condition.This case study deals with an 11-year-old girl who was diagnosed as a case of hyper IGE syndrome. She presented with low GCS and focal neurological deficits which were attributed to aspergillus fumigatus infection spreading to the brain resulting in multiple abscesses and eventually to death of the patient despite treatment interventions. This case emphasizes the likelihood of dissemination of fungal infections to multiple organs including the brain and the potential role of early neuroimaging to detect such lesions. Moreover, it shows significance of serial imaging in admitted patients particularly with the onset of new and unusual neurological symptoms. With more extensive studies, we may be able to diagnose and treat such infections and their complications on time with better outcomes.
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8
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Kim J, Kim MG, Jeong SH, Kim HJ, Son SW. STAT3 maintains skin barrier integrity by modulating SPINK5 and KLK5 expression in keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:223-232. [PMID: 34378233 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin barrier dysfunction induces skin inflammation. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is known to be involved in Th17-mediated immune responses and barrier integrity in the cornea and intestine; however, its role in the skin barrier remains largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated the potential role of STAT3 in the skin barrier and its effect on kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) expression using a mouse model with keratinocyte-specific ablation of STAT3. Keratinocyte-specific loss of STAT3 induced a cutaneous inflammatory phenotype with pruritus and intense scratching behaviour in mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes associated with impaired skin barrier function, including KLK5, were upregulated. The effect of STAT3 on KLK5 expression in keratinocytes was not only substantiated by the increase in KLK5 expression following treatment with STAT3 siRNA but also by its decreased expression following STAT3 overexpression. Overexpression and IL-17A-mediated stimulation of STAT3 increased the expression of SPINK5, which was blocked by STAT3 siRNA. These results suggest that the expression of SPINK5 and KLK5 in keratinocytes could be dependent on STAT3 and that STAT3 might play an essential role in the maintenance of skin barrier homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyung Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Hee Joo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Son
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Uzun S, Wang Z, McKnight TA, Ehrlich P, Thanik E, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Yang N, Li XM. Improvement of skin lesions in corticosteroid withdrawal-associated severe eczema by multicomponent traditional Chinese medicine therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:68. [PMID: 34243796 PMCID: PMC8268267 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale We recently showed that multicomponent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy had steroid-sparing effects in moderate-to-severe eczema. We sought to evaluate TCM effects in severe eczema in a 7-year-old male with refractory disease and corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome. Methods Prior to referral, the patient had been treated since infancy with increasingly intensive standard of care, including high-dose topical and systemic corticosteroid and antibiotic therapy and was unable to tolerate further steroid treatment. The patient was administered a combination of oral and topical TCM for 17 months following discontinuation of his steroid regimen. His overall medical condition was assessed by SCORAD criteria and laboratory evaluations of serum IgE, absolute eosinophil count, and liver and kidney function tests. Results The patient showed rapid improvement of clinical measures of disease after starting TCM therapy, with marked improvement of sleep quality within the first week, complete resolution of itching, oozing, and erythema at 2 weeks, and a 79% and 99% decrease in his SCORAD values after one month and 3–6 months of TCM, respectively. Serum total IgE decreased by 75% (from 19,000 to 4630 (kIU/L), and absolute eosinophil counts decreased by 60% (from 1000 to 427 cells/μL) after 12 months of treatment. The patient did not require oral or topical steroids during the 17-month trial of TCM. TCM was tapered without complications. His dermatologic manifestations continued to be well-controlled 3 months after discontinuation. Conclusion This case study suggests TCM should be further evaluated in controlled clinical studies of patients with severe, refractory eczema and steroid withdrawal syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13223-021-00555-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serife Uzun
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic, Old Westbury, NY, 11545, USA
| | - Zixi Wang
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medicine College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Tory A McKnight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medicine College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Paul Ehrlich
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Erin Thanik
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medicine College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medicine College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.,General Nutraceutical Technology, LLC, 525 Executive Boulevard, Elmsford, NY, 10523, USA
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medicine College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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10
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Asano T, Khourieh J, Zhang P, Rapaport F, Spaan AN, Li J, Lei WT, Pelham SJ, Hum D, Chrabieh M, Han JE, Guérin A, Mackie J, Gupta S, Saikia B, Baghdadi JEI, Fadil I, Bousfiha A, Habib T, Marr N, Ganeshanandan L, Peake J, Droney L, Williams A, Celmeli F, Hatipoglu N, Ozcelik T, Picard C, Abel L, Tangye SG, Boisson-Dupuis S, Zhang Q, Puel A, Béziat V, Casanova JL, Boisson B. Human STAT3 variants underlie autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome by negative dominance. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212397. [PMID: 34137790 PMCID: PMC8217968 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) carry rare heterozygous STAT3 variants. Only six of the 135 in-frame variants reported have been experimentally shown to be dominant negative (DN), and it has been recently suggested that eight out-of-frame variants operate by haploinsufficiency. We experimentally tested these 143 variants, 7 novel out-of-frame variants found in HIES patients, and other STAT3 variants from the general population. Strikingly, all 15 out-of-frame variants were DN via their encoded (1) truncated proteins, (2) neoproteins generated from a translation reinitiation codon, and (3) isoforms from alternative transcripts or a combination thereof. Moreover, 128 of the 135 in-frame variants (95%) were also DN. The patients carrying the seven non-DN STAT3 in-frame variants have not been studied for other genetic etiologies. Finally, none of the variants from the general population tested, including an out-of-frame variant, were DN. Overall, our findings show that heterozygous STAT3 variants, whether in or out of frame, underlie AD-HIES through negative dominance rather than haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Asano
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Joëlle Khourieh
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Franck Rapaport
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - András N Spaan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Juan Li
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Wei-Te Lei
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Simon J Pelham
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - David Hum
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Maya Chrabieh
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Ji Eun Han
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Antoine Guérin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph Mackie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Ilham Fadil
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Averroes University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Averroes University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Tanwir Habib
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nico Marr
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luckshman Ganeshanandan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Jane Peake
- Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luke Droney
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Williams
- Immunology Laboratory, Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Fatih Celmeli
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Medical Science Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nevin Hatipoglu
- Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Ozcelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Capucine Picard
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Béziat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
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11
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Toribio-Dionicio C, Cubas-Guzmán D, Guerra-Canchari P, García-Sánchez V, Córdova-Calderón W. Pulmonary Infections and Surgical Complications in a Young Girl with Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Loss-of-Function Mutation Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome: A Case Report. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2021; 34:33-37. [PMID: 33734873 PMCID: PMC8082030 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2020.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndromes (HIESs) are characterized by a high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, eczematoid rashes, recurrent staphylococcal skin abscesses, and recurrent pneumonia and pneumatocele formation. Autosomal dominant HIES is the most common form of HIES and mainly occurs due to loss-of-function mutations in the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) gene (STAT3 LOF). Case Presentation: We report the case of an 11-year-old Peruvian girl diagnosed with STAT3 LOF caused by p.R382W mutation. She presented with recurrent staphylococcal pneumonia and empyema caused by the rarely reported Achromobacter xylosoxidans, which led to severe destruction of the lung parenchyma, multiple lung surgeries, and the development of bronchopleural fistulas. A laparotomy was also performed, which showed evidence of sigmoid colon perforation. The patient received immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) and antibiotic prophylaxis, and the frequency of her infections has decreased over the past 3 years. Conclusion: This is the first case of STAT3 LOF diagnosed by genomic sequencing in Peru. Patients with this mutation have recurrent pulmonary infections, and require multiple surgical procedures with frequent complications. A. xylosoxidans infection could be related to the prolonged stay in intensive care leading to high mortality; therefore, additional care must be taken when treating patients with this infection. In addition, colonic perforation is a rare complication in STAT3 LOF patients. IRT and antibiotic prophylaxis appear to decrease the frequency of infections and hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dania Cubas-Guzmán
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Peru
| | - Pedro Guerra-Canchari
- Sociedad Cientifica de San Fernando, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Wilmer Córdova-Calderón
- Unidad Funcional de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología (UFAAI), Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN), Lima-Breña, Peru
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12
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[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with hyper-IgE syndrome: a case report and literature review]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 41:865-868. [PMID: 33190447 PMCID: PMC7656068 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Sedley L. Advances in Nutritional Epigenetics-A Fresh Perspective for an Old Idea. Lessons Learned, Limitations, and Future Directions. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720981924. [PMID: 33415317 PMCID: PMC7750768 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720981924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional epigenetics is a rapidly expanding field of research, and the natural modulation of the genome is a non-invasive, sustainable, and personalized alternative to gene-editing for chronic disease management. Genetic differences and epigenetic inflexibility resulting in abnormal gene expression, differential or aberrant methylation patterns account for the vast majority of diseases. The expanding understanding of biological evolution and the environmental influence on epigenetics and natural selection requires relearning of once thought to be well-understood concepts. This research explores the potential for natural modulation by the less understood epigenetic modifications such as ubiquitination, nitrosylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and serotonylation concluding that the under-appreciated acetylation and mitochondrial dependant downstream epigenetic post-translational modifications may be the pinnacle of the epigenomic hierarchy, essential for optimal health, including sustainable cellular energy production. With an emphasis on lessons learned, this conceptional exploration provides a fresh perspective on methylation, demonstrating how increases in environmental methane drive an evolutionary down regulation of endogenous methyl groups synthesis and demonstrates how epigenetic mechanisms are cell-specific, making supplementation with methyl cofactors throughout differentiation unpredictable. Interference with the epigenomic hierarchy may result in epigenetic inflexibility, symptom relief and disease concomitantly and may be responsible for the increased incidence of neurological disease such as autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Sedley
- Bachelor of Health Science (Nutritional Medicine),
GC Biomedical Science (Genomics), The Research and Educational Institute of
Environmental and Nutritional Epigenetics, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Gutiérrez M. Activating mutations of STAT3: Impact on human growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110979. [PMID: 32818584 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is the most ubiquitous member of the STAT family and fulfills fundamental functions in immune and non-immune cells. Mutations in the STAT3 gene lead to different human diseases. Germline STAT3 activating or gain-of-function (GOF) mutations result in early-onset multiorgan autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, recurrent infections and short stature. Since the first description of the disease, the clinical manifestations of STAT3 GOF mutations have expanded considerably. However, due to the complexity of immunological characteristics in patients carrying STAT3 GOF mutations, most of attention was focused on the immune alterations. This review summarizes current knowledge on STAT3 GOF mutations with special focus on the growth defects, since short stature is a predominant feature in this condition. Underlying mechanisms of STAT3 GOF disease are still poorly understood, and potential effects of STAT3 GOF mutations on the growth hormone signaling pathway are unclear. Functional studies of STAT3 GOF mutations and the broadening of clinical growth-related data in these patients are necessary to better delineate implications of STAT3 GOF mutations on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R. Gutiérrez, Gallo 1360, Buenos Aires, CP1425EFD, Argentina.
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15
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Primary Immunodeficiencies in India: Molecular Diagnosis and the Role of Next-Generation Sequencing. J Clin Immunol 2020; 41:393-413. [PMID: 33225392 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders showing ethnic and geographic diversities. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a comprehensive tool to diagnose PID. Although PID is common in India, data on the genetic spectrum of PIDs are limited due to financial restrictions. The study aims to characterize the clinical and genetic spectrum of PID patients in India and highlight the importance of a cost-effective targeted gene panel sequencing approach for PID in a resource-limited setting. The study includes 229 patients with clinical and laboratory features suggestive of PIDs. Mutation analysis was done by Sanger sequencing and NGS targeting a customized panel of genes. Pathogenic variants were identified in 97 patients involving 42 different genes with BTK and IL12RB1 being the most common mutated genes. Autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive inheritance were seen in 51.6% and 23.7% of patients. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) and IL12RB1 mutations was more common in our population compared to the Western world and the Middle East. Two patients with hypomorphic RAG1 mutations and one female with skewed CYBB mutation were also identified. Another 40 patients had variants classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). The study shows that targeted NGS is an effective diagnostic strategy for PIDs in countries with limited diagnostic resources. Molecular diagnosis of PID helps in genetic counseling and to make therapeutic decisions including the need for a stem cell transplantation.
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16
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Beshir L. A Framework to Ethically Approach Incidental Findings in Genetic Research. EJIFCC 2020; 31:302-309. [PMID: 33376470 PMCID: PMC7745305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the advancement of science in the area of genetics and genomics, special ethical considerations should be taken in addition to the general ethical framework followed in research. Genetic research can reveal information about the susceptibility of an individual to disease and hence about his/her future health. Such information may be of interest and benefit to research participants, especially if preventive strategies exist. It may also expose them to other risks or anxieties when incidental findings that were not the primary scope of the study are found. Ethical guidelines acknowledge the duty of researchers to disclose incidental findings (IFs) to participants. In this review, we recommend four steps approach that researchers can use to disclose incidental findings: plan for IFs, discuss IFs in informed consent, identify and disclose IFs. Verification and identification of IFs should follow a categorical stratification based on the importance of the findings and the presence of a beneficial intervention to the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Beshir
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Khartoum, Sudan
- On behalf of the IFCC Task Force on Ethics (TF-E)
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17
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Kempiński K, Romantowski J, Maciejewska A, Pawłowski R, Chełmińska M, Jassem E, Niedoszytko M. COMMD8 changes expression during initial phase of wasp venom immunotherapy. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3243. [PMID: 32559011 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) is of great concern because of the possibility of anaphylaxis, which may be fatal. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment in HVA and, although efficient, its mechanism remains partially unknown. Gene expression analysis may be helpful for establishing a proper model of tolerance induction during the build-up phase of VIT. The present study aimed to analyze how the start of VIT changes the expression of 15 selected genes. METHODS Forty-five patients starting VIT with a wasp venom allergy were enrolled. The diagnosis was established based on anaphylaxis history (third or fourth grade on the Mueller scale) and positive soluble immunoglobulin E and/or skin tests. Two blood collections were performed in the patient group: before and after 3 months of VIT. One sample was taken in the control group. Gene expression analysis was performed using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with microfluidic cards and normalized to the 18S housekeeping gene. RESULTS Commd8 was the only gene that changed expression significantly after the start of VIT (p = 0.012). Its expression decreased towards the levels observed in the healthy controls. Twelve out of 15 genes (commd8, cldn1, cngb3, fads1, hes6, hla-drb5, htr3b, prlr, slc16a4, snx33, socs3 and twist2) revealed a significantly different expression compared to the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that commd8 changes significantly its expression during initial phase of VIT. This gene might be a candidate for VIT biomarker in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kempiński
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Romantowski
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ryszard Pawłowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Chełmińska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Jassem
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Xiang Q, Zhang L, Liu X, Wang S, Wang T, Xiao M, Zhao X, Jiang L. Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome from a single centre in Chongqing, China (2009-2018). Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12885. [PMID: 32248557 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) caused by STAT3 gene mutation is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease. To better understand the disease, we described the clinical characteristics of 20 AD-HIES patients in Chongqing, China and explored the effect of mutations in different domains of STAT3 gene on the function of STAT3 protein by Western blot and confocal microscopy. The mean age at onset was 0.12 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 5.31 years. The most common presentation was eczema, pneumonia, skin abscesses and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Seven patients suffered from BCG complications. R382W/Q were identified in 12 patients, V637M mutation in three patients. Three patients have died. The phosphorylated STAT3 was expressed more in wild-type(WT) and R382W mutant STAT3 in the cytoplasm of COS7 cells with epidermal growth factor(EGF) stimulation, less in the V637M mutation and T620S mutation. Dynamic observation showed that STAT3 cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear translocation occurred rapidly after EGF stimulation in WT-STAT3-GFP, the time of accumulation and nuclear translocation was later and the expression was less in R382W-STAT3-GFP compared with WT-STAT3-GFP, followed by V637M and T620S mutation. These results suggested that our patients had earlier onset, diagnostic age and higher rate of BCG complications. However, our patients had higher incidence of mortality though the earlier diagnostic age. We did not find a significant genotype/phenotype correlation, but Src homology 2 domain mutations (V637M and T620S) had a greater effect on STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation than DNA-binding domain mutation (R382W) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xiang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Luying Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Tao Wang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Min Xiao
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Laboratory Biosafety-2, Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
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19
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Kheyrollahiyan A, Sharifi A, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M. Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting as a huge mediastinal mass in a case of hyper IgE syndrome: a case report. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-019-0047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hyper IgE syndrome is a rare heterogeneous immunodeficiency syndrome which is characterized by recurrent episodes of cutaneous and respiratory tract infections and development of cold abscesses. This syndrome is also associated with malignancies, most notability hematologic malignancies.
Case presentation
In this case report, we discuss a 27-year-old male with proven hyper IgE syndrome and effected by tuberculosis, who developed an anaplastic large cell lymphoma, a very rare and aggressive subtype of lymphoma. We will discuss imaging findings in this rare case. The case presented here had a large mediastinal mass, which had encircled the aorta, and was accompanied by subcarinal lymphadenopathy and inguinal lymphadenopathy.
Conclusions
Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare subtype of lymphoma which is rarely associated with hyper IgE syndrome. In this case, both lymphoma and tuberculosis infection were witnessed in the same patient, showing a classic example of immune dysregulation.
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20
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Kobayashi T, Shimabukuro-Demoto S, Tsutsui H, Toyama-Sorimachi N. Type I interferon limits mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis by controlling secretory granule homeostasis. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000530. [PMID: 31730616 PMCID: PMC6892554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) is a family of multifunctional cytokines that modulate the innate and adaptive immunity and are used to treat mastocytosis. Although IFN-I is known to suppress mast cell function, including histamine release, the mechanisms behind its effects on mast cells have been poorly understood. We here investigated IFN-I’s action on mast cells using interferon-α/β receptor subunit 1 (Ifnar1)-deficient mice, which lack a functional IFN-I receptor complex, and revealed that IFN-I in the steady state is critical for mast cell homeostasis, the disruption of which is centrally involved in systemic anaphylaxis. Ifnar1-deficient mice showed exacerbated systemic anaphylaxis after sensitization, which was associated with increased histamine in the circulation, even though the mast cell numbers and high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor (FcεRI) expression levels were similar between Ifnar1-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice. Ifnar1-deficient mast cells showed increased secretory granule synthesis and exocytosis, which probably involved the increased transcription of Tfeb. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(Stat1) and Stat2 were unexpectedly insufficient to mediate these IFN-I functions, and instead, Stat3 played a critical role in a redundant manner with Stat1. Our findings revealed a novel regulation mechanism of mast cell homeostasis, in which IFN-I controls lysosome-related organelle biogenesis. This study reveals a novel role for type I interferon in mast cell homeostasis; spontaneous type I interferon signaling regulates the biogenesis of secretory granules and maturation of mast cells via STAT1 and STAT3, and limits the onset of systemic anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TK); (NT-S)
| | - Shiho Shimabukuro-Demoto
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Toyama-Sorimachi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TK); (NT-S)
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21
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Evidence that a STAT3 Mutation Causing Hyper IgE Syndrome Leads to Repression of Transcriptional Activity. Case Reports Immunol 2019; 2019:1869524. [PMID: 31737384 PMCID: PMC6815622 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1869524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 19-year-old female with a mild form of Autosomal Dominant Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) associated with a loss-of-function mutation in STAT3. Within the first years of life she developed multiple, Staphylococcus aureus associated abscesses in the neck and face requiring frequent incision and drainage. Respiratory tract infections were not a feature of the clinical phenotype and a high resolution thoracic CT scan was unremarkable. Retained dentition was noted but fungal nail disease and recurrent thrush were absent. The total IgE was 970 IU/L, Lymphocyte counts and immunoglobulin levels were normal (IgG borderline 18.5 gr/L). There was suboptimal response to test immunisation with Pneumovax II vaccine. Th17 cell phenotyping revealed low levels of IL-17 expressing cells (0.3% of total CD4 T Cells numbers). Genetic analysis identified a missense mutation, N567D, in a conserved region of the linker domain of STAT3. Functional studies in HEK293 cells reveal that this mutation potently inhibits STAT3 activity when compared to the wildtype protein. This is consistent with other reported mutations in STAT3 associated with HIES. However, surprisingly, the magnitude of inhibition was similar to another STAT3 mutation (V637M) which causes a much more severe form of the disease.
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Proctor RA. Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Implications for Vaccine Development. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0037-2018. [PMID: 31298209 PMCID: PMC10957185 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0037-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity seems to be critical for prevention and resolution of invasive S. aureus infections, but an imbalance in this immunity may also produce SIRS and death or an inadequate protective response with prolonged bacteremia and death. This dysregulation is likely at the heart of mortality and severe disease in humans. Anti-toxin antibodies may also come into play in reducing the severity of S. aureus infections, but these antibodies might also address superantigen-induced immune dysregulation. Thus, while changing intrinsic T cell responses may be therapeutically difficult, monoclonal antibodies against superantigens may have utility in addressing dysfunctional immune responses to S. aureus. The models above are hypotheses for examining, and potentially dramatically improving immune response to and safety of S. aureus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Proctor
- University of Wisconsin, Medical Microbiology/Immunology, Madison, WI 53705
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23
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Tran V, Shammas RM, Sauk JS, Padua D. Evaluating tofacitinib citrate in the treatment of moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis: design, development and positioning of therapy. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019; 12:179-191. [PMID: 31118734 PMCID: PMC6507103 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s150908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) is complex and involves a host of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Over the last thirty years, signaling pathways like the Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathway have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Pharmacologic blockade of this pathway is available through several small molecule inhibitors, including tofacitinib. Tofacitinib is an orally administered pan-JAK inhibitor that was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in rheumatologic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. The FDA approved its use in moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis in 2018. The aim of this review will be to discuss the role of tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis. We will discuss the role of JAK-STAT signaling, clinical data available for tofacitinib, and the safety profile for this therapy. Tofacitinib's place in the UC management algorithm is currently being debated. This effective oral therapy is poised to be a mainstay of UC therapeutics. This review will highlight the key clinical features and detail the UC experience to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivy Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rania M Shammas
- Department of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny S Sauk
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Tamar and Vatche Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Padua
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Tamar and Vatche Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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Lorenzini T, Giacomelli M, Scomodon O, Cortesi M, Rivellini V, Dotta L, Soresina A, Dellepiane RM, Carrabba M, Cossu F, Cancrini C, Specchia F, Giardino G, Pignata C, Plebani A, Pietrogrande MC, Badolato R. Autosomal-dominant hyper-IgE syndrome is associated with appearance of infections early in life and/or neonatal rash: Evidence from the Italian cohort of 61 patients with elevated IgE. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:2072-2075.e4. [PMID: 30797078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Lorenzini
- Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomelli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Omar Scomodon
- Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuela Cortesi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rivellini
- Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Dotta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annarosa Soresina
- Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Dellepiane
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Carrabba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Cossu
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit and Pediatrics Clinic, Ospedale Regionale Microcitemie, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- DPUO, University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and University of Tor Vergata School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Specchia
- Department of Pediatrics, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Medical University of Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Pietrogrande
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Badolato
- Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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25
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Fabbri M, Frixou M, Degano M, Fousteri G. Type 1 Diabetes in STAT Protein Family Mutations: Regulating the Th17/Treg Equilibrium and Beyond. Diabetes 2019; 68:258-265. [PMID: 30665954 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in the immunological, molecular, and genetic technologies such as next-generation sequencing have led to an exponential increase in the number of monogenic immune dysregulatory syndromes diagnosed, where type 1 diabetes (T1D) forms part of the autoimmune manifestations. Here, we reviewed the mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family, namely gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in STAT1 and STAT3 as well as STAT5b deficiency, that show strong association to T1D susceptibility. The equilibrium of T-helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is often found altered in patients affected by STAT GOF mutations. While the increased number of Th17 cells and the concomitant decrease in Treg cells may explain T1D in STAT3 GOF patients, the reduced number of Th17 cells found in those carrying STAT1 GOF mutations added a new level of complexity on the exact role of Th17 in the pathogenesis of T1D. Here, we describe the possible mechanisms through which STAT3 and STAT1 GOF mutations may perturb the fate and function of Th17 and Tregs and explore how this may lead to the development of T1D. We propose that the study of monogenic diseases, and in particular STAT mutations, may not only improve our understanding of the function of the human immune system but also shed light onto the pathogenic mechanisms of T1D and the genetic variants that confer predisposition to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbri
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mikaela Frixou
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Massimo Degano
- Biocrystallography Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Fousteri
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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26
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The microbiome and immunodeficiencies: Lessons from rare diseases. J Autoimmun 2019; 98:132-148. [PMID: 30704941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are inherited disorders of the immune system, associated with a considerable increase in susceptibility to infections. PIDs can also predispose to malignancy, inflammation and autoimmunity. There is increasing awareness that some aspects of the immune dysregulation in PIDs may be linked to intestinal microbiota. Indeed, the gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence immune functions and immune homeostasis both locally and systemically. Recent studies have indicated that genetic defects causing PIDs lead to perturbations in the conventional mechanisms underlying homeostasis in the gut, resulting in poor immune surveillance at the intestinal barrier, which associates with altered intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. Consistently, a substantial proportion of PID patients presents with clinically challenging IBD-like pathology. Here, we describe the current body of literature reporting on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in different PIDs and how this can be either the result or cause of immune dysregulation. Further, we report how infections in PIDs enhance pathobionts colonization and speculate how, in turn, pathobionts may be responsible for increased disease susceptibility and secondary infections in these patients. The potential relationship between the microbial composition in the intestine and other sites, such as the oral cavity and skin, is also highlighted. Finally, we provide evidence, in preclinical models of PIDs, for the efficacy of microbiota manipulation to ameliorate disease complications, and suggest that the potential use of dietary intervention to correct dysbiotic flora in PID patients may hold promise.
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27
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Ponsford MJ, Klocperk A, Pulvirenti F, Dalm VASH, Milota T, Cinetto F, Chovancova Z, Rial MJ, Sediva A, Litzman J, Agostini C, van Hagen M, Quinti I, Jolles S. Hyper-IgE in the allergy clinic--when is it primary immunodeficiency? Allergy 2018; 73:2122-2136. [PMID: 30043993 DOI: 10.1111/all.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 2017 International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) classification recognizes 3 hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES), including the prototypic Job's syndrome (autosomal dominant STAT3-loss of function) and autosomal recessive PGM3 and SPINK5 syndromes. Early diagnosis of PID can direct life-saving or transformational interventions; however, it remains challenging owing to the rarity of these conditions. This can result in diagnostic delay and worsen prognosis. Within increasing access to "clinical-exome" testing, clinicians need to be aware of the implication and rationale for genetic testing, including the benefits and limitations of current therapies. Extreme elevation of serum IgE has been associated with a growing number of PID syndromes including the novel CARD11 and ZNF341 deficiencies. Variable elevations in IgE are associated with defects in innate, humoral, cellular and combined immunodeficiency syndromes. Barrier compromise can closely phenocopy these conditions. The aim of this article was to update readers on recent developments at this important interface between allergy and immunodeficiency, highlighting key clinical scenarios which should draw attention to possible immunodeficiency associated with extreme elevation of IgE, and outline initial laboratory assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Klocperk
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University and Motol University Hospital; Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Clinical Immunology and Department of Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tomas Milota
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University and Motol University Hospital; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Cinetto
- Department of Medicine; Treviso Hospital; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Zita Chovancova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology; St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno; Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Manuel J. Rial
- Department of Allergy; University Hospital Jiménez Díaz Foundation; Madrid Spain
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University and Motol University Hospital; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology; St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno; Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Carlo Agostini
- Department of Medicine; Treviso Hospital; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Clinical Immunology and Department of Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
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28
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Gutiérrez M, Scaglia P, Keselman A, Martucci L, Karabatas L, Domené S, Martin A, Pennisi P, Blanco M, Sanguineti N, Bezrodnik L, Di Giovanni D, Caldirola MS, Azcoiti ME, Gaillard MI, Denson LA, Zhang K, Husami A, Yayah Jones NH, Hwa V, Revale S, Vázquez M, Jasper H, Kumar A, Domené H. Partial growth hormone insensitivity and dysregulatory immune disease associated with de novo germline activating STAT3 mutations. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:166-177. [PMID: 29378236 PMCID: PMC6143347 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Germinal heterozygous activating STAT3 mutations represent a novel monogenic defect associated with multi-organ autoimmune disease and, in some cases, severe growth retardation. By using whole-exome sequencing, we identified two novel STAT3 mutations, p.E616del and p.C426R, in two unrelated pediatric patients with IGF-I deficiency and immune dysregulation. The functional analyses showed that both variants were gain-of-function (GOF), although they were not constitutively phosphorylated. They presented differences in their dephosphorylation kinetics and transcriptional activities under interleukin-6 stimulation. Both variants increased their transcriptional activities in response to growth hormone (GH) treatment. Nonetheless, STAT5b transcriptional activity was diminished in the presence of STAT3 GOF variants, suggesting a disruptive role of STAT3 GOF variants in the GH signaling pathway. This study highlights the broad clinical spectrum of patients presenting activating STAT3 mutations and explores the underlying molecular pathway responsible for this condition, suggesting that different mutations may drive increased activity by slightly different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Scaglia
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Keselman
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Martucci
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Karabatas
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabina Domené
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelen Martin
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Pennisi
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel Blanco
- Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Sanguineti
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Bezrodnik
- Inmunología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - María Isabel Gaillard
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kejian Zhang
- Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ammar Husami
- Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nana-Hawa Yayah Jones
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Santiago Revale
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR), CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Vázquez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR), CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Héctor Jasper
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Division of BM Transplantation and Immunodeficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Horacio Domené
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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29
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A Novel STAT3 Gene Mutation Related Hyper-IgE Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Case Reports Immunol 2018; 2018:4860902. [PMID: 30186644 PMCID: PMC6110011 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4860902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Hyper-IgE Syndrome (HIES) is a rare immunodeficiency disorder, presenting symptoms may be as common as lung and skin infections. Symptoms are usually nonspecific such as recurrent abscesses, folliculitis, and pneumonias along with skeletal abnormalities. Careful history of susceptibility to skin and lung infections, thorough family history, and findings on physical exam can guide towards the diagnosis of this often-eluded condition. Early optimization of therapy with prophylactic antibiotics can prevent recurrent infections and future complications and improve quality of life and longevity of survival. We present a case of a young female with Hyper-IgE Syndrome with a novel mutation in STAT 3 gene who initially presented with long standing history of intractable skin abscesses being managed as Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
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30
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Zhang Q, Boisson B, Béziat V, Puel A, Casanova JL. Human hyper-IgE syndrome: singular or plural? Mamm Genome 2018; 29:603-617. [PMID: 30094507 PMCID: PMC6317873 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spectacular progress has been made in the characterization of human hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) over the last 50 years. HIES is a primary immunodeficiency defined as an association of atopy in a context of very high serum IgE levels, characteristic bacterial and fungal diseases, low-level clinical and biological inflammation, and various non-hematopoietic developmental manifestations. Somewhat arbitrarily, three disorders were successively put forward as the underlying cause of HIES: autosomal dominant (AD) STAT3 deficiency, the only disorder corresponding to the original definition of HIES, and autosomal recessive (AR) DOCK8 and PGM3 deficiencies, in which atopy and high serum IgE levels occur in a context of manifestations not seen in patients with typical HIES. Indeed, these three disorders disrupt different molecular pathways, affect different cell types, and underlie different clinical phenotypes. Surprisingly, several other inherited inborn errors of immunity in which serum IgE levels are high, sometimes almost as high as those in HIES patients, are not considered to belong to the HIES group of diseases. Studies of HIES have been further complicated by the lack of a high serum IgE phenotype in all mouse models of the disease other than two Stat3 mutant strains. The study of infections in mutant mice has helped elucidate only some forms of HIES and infection. Mouse models of these conditions have also been used to study non-hematopoietic phenotypes for STAT3 deficiency, tissue-specific immunity for DOCK8 deficiency, and cell lineage maturation for PGM3 deficiency. We review here the history of the field of HIES since the first clinical description of this condition in 1966, together with the three disorders commonly referred to as HIES, focusing, in particular, on their mouse models. We propose the restriction of the term "HIES" to patients with an AD STAT3-deficiency phenotype, including the most recently described AR ZNF341 deficiency, thus excluding AR DOCK8 and PGM3 deficiencies from the definition of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
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31
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Are Janus Kinase Inhibitors Superior over Classic Biologic Agents in RA Patients? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7492904. [PMID: 29862290 PMCID: PMC5971265 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7492904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Janus Kinases (JAKs) are a family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that provide transmission signals from cytokine, interferons, and many hormones receptors to the nucleus resulting in synthesis of many biologically active compounds and changing cell metabolism and function. That was theoretical background to synthetize the JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs). In recent years a substantial battery of evidence has been collected indicating the potential role of Jakinibs to interact with the specific elements of the immune system, therefore changing the inflammatory response. JAK kinase blockade offers a unique opportunity to block most of the key cytokines enabling the deep interaction into immune system functioning. Following discovery first Jakinibs were intensively studied in various forms of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, and finally two Jakinibs tofacitinib and Baricitinib have been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Some clinical data indicated that under special circumstances Jakinibs may be even superior to biologics in the treatment of RA; however this suggestion should be verified in large clinical and observational studies.
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32
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Aleva FE, van de Veerdonk FL, Li Y, Tunjungputri RN, Simons S, De Groot PG, Netea MM, Heijdra YF, de Mast Q, van der Ven AJAM. The effects of signal transducer and activator of transcription three mutations on human platelets. Platelets 2017; 29:602-609. [PMID: 28960117 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1349309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in inflammation is well known. Recently, a role for STAT3 in platelet activation and platelet production has been suggested. Platelets exhibit important immune functions and engagement of STAT3 in platelet physiology may link inflammation and hemostasis. This study investigated the effects of STAT3 loss-of-function mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in STAT3 on glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-mediated platelet activation and platelet numbers in humans. Two cohorts were studied. The first cohort concerned patients with STAT3 loss-of-function mutations. Platelet numbers were investigated in eight patients and GPVI-mediated platelet activation was functionally tested in four patients. Additional experiments were performed to investigate underlying mechanisms. The second cohort concerned 334 healthy volunteers and investigated the consequences of SNPs in STAT3 on GPVI-mediated platelet activation and platelet numbers. Platelet activation was lower in STAT3 loss-of-function patients at baseline and after stimulation of the GPVI receptor, reflected by decreased P-selectin expression. This was independent of gene transcription. Blockade of the adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) pathway resulted in a further decrease of P-selectin expression, particularly in STAT3 loss-of-function patients. In contrast, the SNPs in STAT3 did not influence GPVI-mediated platelet activation. Also, platelet numbers were not affected by STAT3 loss-of-function mutations, nor was there an association with the SNPs. In conclusion, STAT3 signaling does not seem to play a major role in thrombopoiesis. We confirm that STAT3 is involved in GPVI-mediated platelet activation in humans, independent of gene transcription. GPVI-mediated platelet activation is highly dependent on secondary ADP release. Our findings suggest that STAT3 modulation may affect inflammation, hemostasis, and their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor E Aleva
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- d Department of Genetics , University Medical Center Groningen , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Rahajeng N Tunjungputri
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Sami Simons
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Philip G De Groot
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Mihai M Netea
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne F Heijdra
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
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Kearney CJ, Randall KL, Oliaro J. DOCK8 regulates signal transduction events to control immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:406-411. [PMID: 28366940 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations in the gene encoding DOCK8 cause an autosomal recessive form of hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome (AR-HIES), referred to as DOCK8 deficiency. DOCK8 deficiency in humans results in the onset of combined immunodeficiency disease (CID), clinically associated with chronic infections with diverse microbial pathogens, and a predisposition to malignancy. It is now becoming clear that DOCK8 regulates the function of diverse immune cell sub-types, particularly lymphocytes, to drive both innate and adaptive immune responses. Early studies demonstrated that DOCK8 is required for lymphocyte survival, migration and immune synapse formation, which translates to poor pathogen control in the absence of DOCK8. However, more recent advances have pointed to a crucial role for DOCK8 in regulating the signal transduction events that control transcriptional activity, cytokine production and functional polarization of immune cells. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of DOCK8 function, paying particular attention to an emerging role as a signaling intermediate to promote immune responses to diverse external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Kearney
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Division, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina L Randall
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2605, Australia
| | - Jane Oliaro
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Division, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Wu J, Chen J, Tian ZQ, Zhang H, Gong RL, Chen TX, Hong L. Clinical Manifestations and Genetic Analysis of 17 Patients with Autosomal Dominant Hyper-IgE Syndrome in Mainland China: New Reports and a Literature Review. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:166-179. [PMID: 28197791 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is a rare complicated primary immunodeficiency disease (PID). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene mutation is found to cause AD-HIES. The distribution of AD-HIES patients with STAT3 deficiency in the Chinese population is not clear. Herein, we retrospectively report 17 AD-HIES patients with STAT3 deficiency and demonstrate their clinical, immunological, and genetic features. METHODS Patients' clinical data were collected from their medical records. Routine laboratory testing results included lymphocyte subset analysis and immunoglobulin quantification. STAT3 mutations were investigated by sequencing of genomic DNA. RESULTS Among 575 patients with PID, 28 (4.87%) were clinically diagnosed as HIES. Among them, 17 (2.96%) were confirmed as STAT3 mutant AD-HIES. The ratio of male to female patients was 8:9. All of the 17 patients had NIH scores over 40 points. The mean ages at onset and diagnosis were 1.05 and 10.35 years, respectively. Three patients (17.65%, 3/17) died with a mean age of 13.33 years. Eczema, recurrent skin infection, and respiratory tract infection were the most common clinical symptoms and are present in all of the 17 patients in this study. Six patients (37.5%, 6/16) suffered complication from BCG vaccination. Noninfection symptoms are characteristic facial features in 17 patients (100%, 17/17), retention of primary teeth in 10 patients (90.91%, 10/11), and abnormal bone fractures in 7 patients (41.18%, 7/17). Eleven types of STAT3 mutations were identified in 17 patients, including 1 novel mutation. CONCLUSIONS We here retrospectively report the largest Chinese cohort of AD-HIES patients with STAT3 mutation. Unique features, when compared to existing literature reports, include (1) later age of diagnosis, (2) significantly higher rate of BCG complications, and (3) lower rate of candidiasis and chronic otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Allergy and Immunology Multidisciplinary Specialty Clinic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Tian
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Allergy and Immunology Multidisciplinary Specialty Clinic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Gong
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tong-Xin Chen
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Allergy and Immunology Multidisciplinary Specialty Clinic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Li Hong
- Allergy and Immunology Multidisciplinary Specialty Clinic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Hashemi H, Mohebbi M, Mehravaran S, Mazloumi M, Jahanbani-Ardakani H, Abtahi SH. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: Genetics, immunopathogenesis, clinical findings, and treatment modalities. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 22:53. [PMID: 28567072 PMCID: PMC5426098 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1050_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndromes (HIESs) are very rare immunodeficiency syndromes with multisystem involvement, including immune system, skeleton, connective tissue, and dentition. HIES are characterized by the classic triad of high serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), recurrent staphylococcal cold skin abscess, and recurrent pneumonia with pneumatocele formation. Most cases of HIES are sporadic although can be inherited as autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive traits. A fundamental immunologic defect in HIES is not clearly elucidated but abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis due to decreased production or secretion of interferon γ has main role in the immunopathogenesis of syndrome, also distorted Th1/Th2 cytokine profile toward a Th2 bias contributes to the impaired cellular immunity and a specific pattern of infection susceptibility as well as atopic-allergic constitution of syndrome. The ophthalmic manifestations of this disorder include conjunctivitis, keratitis, spontaneous corneal perforation, recurrent giant chalazia, extensive xanthelasma, tumors of the eyelid, strabismus, and bilateral keratoconus. The diagnosis of HIES is inconclusive, dependent on the evolution of a constellation of complex multisystemic symptoms and signs which develop over the years. Until time, no treatment modality is curative for basic defect in HIES, in terms of cytokines/chemokines derangement. Of note, bone marrow transplant and a monoclonal anti-IgE (omalizumab) are hoped to be successful treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mohebbi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mehravaran
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mehdi Mazloumi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jahanbani-Ardakani
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Feiz Eye Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Medical Students Research Center (IMSRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hossein Abtahi
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Feiz Eye Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Medical Students Research Center (IMSRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Feiz Eye Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Immunodeficiency and Bronchiectasis. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-016-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Al Shekaili L, Sheikh F, Al Gazlan S, Al Dhekri H, Al Mousa H, Al Ghonaium A, Al Saud B, Al Mohsen S, Rehan Khaliq AM, Al Sumayli S, Al Zahrani M, Dababo A, AlKawi A, Hawwari A, Arnaout R. Novel mutation in DOCK8-HIES with severe phenotype and successful transplantation. Clin Immunol 2016; 178:39-44. [PMID: 27890707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) due to DOCK8 deficiency is an autosomal recessive (AR) primary combined immunodeficiency which results in significant morbidity and mortality at a young age. Different mutations in the DOCK8 gene can lead to variable severity of the disease. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the genetic mutations in three related patients with severe clinical manifestations suggestive of AR HIES. We also explored whether treatment with stem cell transplantation could lead to complete disease resolution. METHOD We examined the clinical manifestations and immunological workup of these patients. Their DNA was also screened for causative mutation. Post transplantation, clinical and immunological data for the transplanted patient was also collected. RESULTS All patients had a severe course of the disease with rarely reported severe complications in HIES. One patient died with lymphoma while another died with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) due to a slow virus. All our patients had two novel mutations in the DOCK8 gene. One of these mutations was a novel pathogenic mutation and explains the severity of the disease (homozygous splice site mutation at position 5 after the end of exon 45), while the other mutation was mostly non-pathogenic. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed in the youngest patient with excellent engraftment and full reversibility of the clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION We report 3 patients from a consanguineous family diagnosed with AR-HIES due to a novel pathogenic mutation in DOCK8 gene leading to fatal outcome in 2 patients and complete resolution of the clinical and immunological features in the third patient by HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Al Shekaili
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 46, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Farrukh Sheikh
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 46, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sulaiman Al Gazlan
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 46, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan Al Dhekri
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatric, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 58, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamoud Al Mousa
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatric, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 58, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Al Ghonaium
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatric, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 58, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bander Al Saud
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatric, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 58, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh Al Mohsen
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatric, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 58, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Agha M Rehan Khaliq
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 46, Saudi Arabia; Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Safiah Al Sumayli
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 46, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mufarreh Al Zahrani
- King Fahad medical city, Department of Medicine, Riyadh 11525, P.O. Box 59046, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anas Dababo
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 10, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ammar AlKawi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 76, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abbas Hawwari
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of genetics, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 3, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rand Arnaout
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Immunology section, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, MBC 46, Saudi Arabia; Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia.
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Hillmer EJ, Zhang H, Li HS, Watowich SS. STAT3 signaling in immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 31:1-15. [PMID: 27185365 PMCID: PMC5050093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator STAT3 has key roles in vertebrate development and mature tissue function including control of inflammation and immunity. Mutations in human STAT3 associate with diseases such as immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and cancer. Strikingly, however, either hyperactivation or inactivation of STAT3 results in human disease, indicating tightly regulated STAT3 function is central to health. Here, we attempt to summarize information on the numerous and distinct biological actions of STAT3, and highlight recent discoveries, with a specific focus on STAT3 function in the immune and hematopoietic systems. Our goal is to spur investigation on mechanisms by which aberrant STAT3 function drives human disease and novel approaches that might be used to modulate disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Hillmer
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haiyan S Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Mortaz E, Tabarsi P, Mansouri D, Khosravi A, Garssen J, Velayati A, Adcock IM. Cancers Related to Immunodeficiencies: Update and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2016; 7:365. [PMID: 27703456 PMCID: PMC5028721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The life span of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency is increasing due to recent improvements in therapeutic strategies. While the incidence of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) is 1:10,000 births, that of secondary immunodeficiencies are more common and are associated with posttransplantation immune dysfunction, with immunosuppressive medication for human immunodeficiency virus or with human T-cell lymphotropic virus infection. After infection, malignancy is the most prevalent cause of death in both children and adults with (PIDs). PIDs more often associated with cancer include common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, and severe combined immunodeficiency. This suggests that a protective immune response against both infectious non-self-(pathogens) and malignant self-challenges (cancer) exists. The increased incidence of cancer has been attributed to defective elimination of altered or "transformed" cells and/or defective immunity towards cancer cells. The concept of aberrant immune surveillance occurring in PIDs is supported by evidence in mice and from patients undergoing immunosuppression after transplantation. Here, we discuss the importance of PID defects in the development of malignancies and the current limitations associated with molecular pathogenesis of these diseases and emphasize the need for further knowledge of how specific mutations can modulate the immune system to alter immunosurveillance and thereby play a key role in the etiology of malignancies in PID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davod Mansouri
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adnan Khosravi
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aliakbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Soltész B, Tóth B, Sarkadi AK, Erdős M, Maródi L. The Evolving View of IL-17-Mediated Immunity in Defense Against Mucocutaneous Candidiasis in Humans. Int Rev Immunol 2016; 34:348-63. [PMID: 26154078 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1049345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of interleukin (IL)-17-mediated immunity has provided a robust framework upon which our current understanding of the mechanism involved in host defense against mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) has been built. Studies have shed light on how pattern recognition receptors expressed by innate immune cells recognize various components of Candida cell wall. Inborn errors of immunity affecting IL-17+ T cell differentiation have recently been defined, such as deficiencies of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, STAT1, IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12p40, and caspase recruitment domain 9. Impaired receptor-ligand coupling was identified in patients with IL-17F and IL-17 receptor A (IL17RA) deficiency and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) type 1. Mutation in the nuclear factor kappa B activator (ACT) 1 was described as a cause of impaired IL-17R-mediated signaling. CMC may be part of a complex clinical phenotype like in patients with deficiencies of STAT3, IL-12Rβ1/IL-12p40 and APS-1 or may be the only or dominant phenotypic manifestation of disease which is referred to as CMC disease. CMCD may result from deficiencies of STAT1, IL-17F, IL-17RA and ACT1. In this review we discuss how recent research on IL-17-mediated immunity shed light on host defense against mucocutaneous infection by Candida and how the discovery of various germ-line mutations and the characterization of associated clinical phenotypes have provided insights into the role of CD4+IL-17+ lymphocytes in the regulation of anticandidal defense of body surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Soltész
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
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Maskarinec SA, Johnson MD, Perfect JR. Genetic Susceptibility to Fungal Infections: What is in the Genes? CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 3:81-91. [PMID: 27547700 DOI: 10.1007/s40588-016-0037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of severe fungal infections has long been associated with traditional risk factors such as profound immunosuppression, yet it remains challenging to understand why under similar conditions only some patients will develop these infections while others will not. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of host genetic variation in influencing the severity and susceptibility to invasive fungal infections (IFIs). In this review, we examine selected primary immunodeficiencies characterized by their vulnerability to a narrow range of fungal pathogens, and then focus on recently identified genetic polymorphisms associated with an increased susceptibility to IFIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Maskarinec
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA; Hanes House Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Melissa D Johnson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA; Department of Clinical Research Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences Buies Creek, NC, USA; Duke University Medical Center Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710
| | - John R Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA; Hanes House Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710
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Nielsen J, Kofod-Olsen E, Spaun E, Larsen CS, Christiansen M, Mogensen TH. A STAT1-gain-of-function mutation causing Th17 deficiency with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, psoriasiform hyperkeratosis and dermatophytosis. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-211372. [PMID: 26494717 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-211372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent years, inborn errors of human IL-17 immunity have been demonstrated to underlie primary immunodeficiencies with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Various defects in receptors responsible for sensing of Candida albicans or downstream signalling to IL-17 may lead to susceptibility to Candida infection. While CMC is common in patients with profound T cell immunodeficiencies, CMC is also recognised as part of other immunodeficiencies in syndromic CMC, or as relatively isolated CMC disease. We describe a 40-year-old woman with a clinical picture involving cutaneous bacterial abscesses, chronic oral candidiasis and extensive dermatophytic infection of the feet. By whole exome sequencing, we identified a STAT1-gain-of-function mutation. Moreover, the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells displayed severely impaired Th17 responses. The patient was treated with antifungals and prophylactic antibiotics, which led to resolution of the infection. We discuss the current knowledge within the field of Th17 deficiency and the pathogenesis and treatment of CMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Emil Kofod-Olsen
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Eva Spaun
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Carsten S Larsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mette Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Vogel TP, Milner JD, Cooper MA. The Ying and Yang of STAT3 in Human Disease. J Clin Immunol 2015; 35:615-23. [PMID: 26280891 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-015-0187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a critical regulator of multiple, diverse cellular processes. Heterozgyous, germline, loss-of-function mutations in STAT3 lead to the primary immune deficiency Hyper-IgE syndrome. Heterozygous, somatic, gain-of-function mutations in STAT3 have been reported in malignancy. Recently, germline, heterozygous mutations in STAT3 that confer a gain-of-function have been discovered and result in early-onset, multi-organ autoimmunity. This review summarizes what is known about the role of STAT3 in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphanie P Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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44
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Yalcin AD. Advances in anti-IgE therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:317465. [PMID: 26075226 PMCID: PMC4436440 DOI: 10.1155/2015/317465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Omalizumab depletes free IgE in the blood and interstitial space and inhibits IgE binding to FcεRI on basophils, mast cells, and dendritic cells. We stopped omalizumab treatment after four years. Recurrences of urticaria symptoms were found to be higher in patients with chronic urticaria than recurrences of asthmatic symptoms in severe persistent asthma patients. For the very first time, we used omalizumab in symptomatic therapy of recurrent laryngeal oedema and urticaria attacks in a patient with postoperative pulmonary carcinoid tumor for eight months. During the four years of follow-up, no recurrence was noted in pulmonary carcinoid tumor. Control PET CT results revealed normal findings. After omalizumab treatment, laryngeal oedema and urticaria symptoms were decreased. The most common adverse reaction from omalizumab is injection site induration, injection site itching, injection site pain, and bruising but the package insert contains warnings regarding parasitic infections. While there are no reports of fatal anaphylaxis as a result of omalizumab, some cases have been serious and potentially life-threatening. Therefore, the FDA requires that people receiving omalizumab be monitored in the physician's office for a period of time after their injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- 1Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Near East University, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
- 2Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- 3Antalya Education Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
- *Arzu Didem Yalcin:
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O'Shea JJ, Schwartz DM, Villarino AV, Gadina M, McInnes IB, Laurence A. The JAK-STAT pathway: impact on human disease and therapeutic intervention. Annu Rev Med 2015; 66:311-28. [PMID: 25587654 PMCID: PMC5634336 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051113-024537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 986] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer of activators of transcription (STAT) pathway is now recognized as an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway employed by diverse cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and related molecules. This pathway provides an elegant and remarkably straightforward mechanism whereby extracellular factors control gene expression. It thus serves as a fundamental paradigm for how cells sense environmental cues and interpret these signals to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Genetic mutations and polymorphisms are functionally relevant to a variety of human diseases, especially cancer and immune-related conditions. The clinical relevance of the pathway has been confirmed by the emergence of a new class of therapeutics that targets JAKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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McIlwain DR, Grusdat M, Pozdeev VI, Xu HC, Shinde P, Reardon C, Hao Z, Beyer M, Bergthaler A, Häussinger D, Nolan GP, Lang KS, Lang PA. T-cell STAT3 is required for the maintenance of humoral immunity to LCMV. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:418-27. [PMID: 25393615 PMCID: PMC4383653 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 is a critical transcription factor activated downstream of cytokine signaling and is integral for the function of multiple immune cell types. Human mutations in STAT3 cause primary immunodeficiency resulting in impaired control of a variety of infections, including reactivation of latent viruses. In this study, we investigate how T-cell functions of STAT3 contribute to responses to viral infection by inducing chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice lacking STAT3 specifically in T cells. Although mice with conditional disruption of STAT3 in T cells were able to mount early responses to viral infection similar to control animals, including expansion of effector T cells, we found generation of T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells to be impaired. As a result, STAT3 T cell deficient mice produced attenuated germinal center reactions, and did not accumulate bone marrow virus specific IgG-secreting cells, resulting in failure to maintain levels of virus-specific IgG or mount neutralizing responses to LCMV in the serum. These effects were associated with reduced control of viral replication and prolonged infection. Our results demonstrate the importance of STAT3 in T cells for the generation of functional long-term humoral immunity to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R McIlwain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Jung SM, Sheth C, Saadat M. Job's syndrome presenting with a tension pneumothorax and a lung abscess. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2014; 4:25120. [PMID: 25432646 PMCID: PMC4246148 DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v4.25120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Syung Min Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, CA, USA;
| | - Chirag Sheth
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, CA, USA
| | - Mohsen Saadat
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, CA, USA
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Eddens T, Kolls JK. Pathological and protective immunity to Pneumocystis infection. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 37:153-62. [PMID: 25420451 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii is a common opportunistic infection in the HIV-positive population and is re-emerging as a growing clinical concern in the HIV-negative immunosuppressed population. Newer targeted immunosuppressive therapies and the discovery of rare genetic mutations have furthered our understanding of the immunity required to clear Pneumocystis infection. The immune system can also mount a pathologic response against Pneumocystis following removal of immunosuppression and result in severe damage to the host lung. The current review will examine the most recent epidemiologic studies about the incidence of Pneumocystis in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative populations in the developing and developed world and will detail methods of diagnosis for Pneumocystis pneumonia. Finally, this review aims to summarize the known mediators of immunity to Pneumocystis and detail the pathologic immune response leading to Pneumocystis-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Eddens
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Rangos Research Building, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
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Abstract
Omalizumab, a humanized mAb that binds to the CH3 domain near the binding site for the high-affinity type-I IgE Fc receptors of human IgE, can neutralize free IgE and inhibit the IgE allergic pathway without sensitizing mast cells and basophils. We found that omalizumab in patients with severe persistent asthma (SPA) was an effective therapy for asthma and the following co-morbid conditions: chronic urticaria (CU), bee venom allergy, latex allergy, atopic dermatitis, food allergy and Samter's syndrome. Information on the use of omalizumab in treatment of asthma and other allergic diseases has improved our understanding that treatment acts on many levels, including regulating levels of inflammatory proteins, including cytokines (copper-containing alpha- 2-glycoprotein, total antioxidant capacity, MDA, NO, H2O2, CXCL8, IL-10, TGF-β, GMCSF, IL-17, IL-1β), MPV, Hs-CRP, eosinophil cationic peptide, vitamin-D (25(OH)D), homocysteine (Hcy), OX-2, d- dimer, albumin, and sApo-2L. The decrease in Hcy concentrations and increase in 25(OH)D also support the existence of a vascular endothelial protection mechanism. Mediators and cells classically involved in pro-coagulant and anticoagulant pathways together play a role in SPA and CU pathophysiology and omalizumab effect. The mechanism of action of omalizumab in the treatment of asthma is believed to be multifactorial, and includes effects mediated through altered production of redox metabolites, extrinsic coagulation pathway, oxidative markers-related mi RNA, TRAIL-related mi RNA, and regulation of production of known inflammatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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McNeil JC. Staphylococcus aureus - antimicrobial resistance and the immunocompromised child. Infect Drug Resist 2014; 7:117-27. [PMID: 24855381 PMCID: PMC4019626 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s39639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with immunocompromising conditions represent a unique group for the acquisition of antimicrobial resistant infections due to their frequent encounters with the health care system, need for empiric antimicrobials, and immune dysfunction. These infections are further complicated in that there is a relative paucity of literature on the clinical features and management of Staphylococcus aureus infections in immunocompromised children. The available literature on the clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility, and management of S. aureus infections in immunocompromised children is reviewed. S. aureus infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with higher HIV viral loads and a greater degree of CD4 T-cell suppression. In addition, staphylococcal infections in children with HIV often exhibit a multidrug resistant phenotype. Children with cancer have a high rate of S. aureus bacteremia and associated complications. Increased tolerance to antiseptics among staphylococcal isolates from pediatric oncology patients is an emerging area of research. The incidence of S. aureus infections among pediatric solid organ transplant recipients varies considerably by the organ transplanted; in general however, staphylococci figure prominently among infections in the early posttransplant period. Staphylococcal infections are also prominent pathogens among children with a number of immunodeficiencies, notably chronic granulomatous disease. Significant gaps in knowledge exist regarding the epidemiology and management of S. aureus infection in these vulnerable children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chase McNeil
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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