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Kesarwani M, Kincaid Z, Azhar M, Menke J, Schwieterman J, Ansari S, Reaves A, Deininger ME, Levine R, Grimes HL, Azam M. MAPK-negative feedback regulation confers dependence to JAK2 V617F signaling. Leukemia 2023; 37:1686-1697. [PMID: 37430058 PMCID: PMC10976185 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in developing selective JAK2 inhibitors, JAK2 kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is ineffective in suppressing the disease. Reactivation of compensatory MEK-ERK and PI3K survival pathways sustained by inflammatory cytokine signaling causes treatment failure. Concomitant inhibition of MAPK pathway and JAK2 signaling showed improved in vivo efficacy compared to JAK2 inhibition alone but lacked clonal selectivity. We hypothesized that cytokine signaling in JAK2V617F induced MPNs increases the apoptotic threshold that causes TKI persistence or refractoriness. Here, we show that JAK2V617F and cytokine signaling converge to induce MAPK negative regulator, DUSP1. Enhanced DUSP1 expression blocks p38 mediated p53 stabilization. Deletion of Dusp1 increases p53 levels in the context of JAK2V617F signaling that causes synthetic lethality to Jak2V617F expressing cells. However, inhibition of Dusp1 by a small molecule inhibitor (BCI) failed to impart Jak2V617F clonal selectivity due to pErk1/2 rebound caused by off-target inhibition of Dusp6. Ectopic expression of Dusp6 and BCI treatment restored clonal selectively and eradicated the Jak2V617F cells. Our study shows that inflammatory cytokines and JAK2V617F signaling converge to induce DUSP1, which downregulates p53 and establishes a higher apoptotic threshold. These data suggest that selectively targeting DUSP1 may provide a curative response in JAK2V617F-driven MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Kesarwani
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zachary Kincaid
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad Azhar
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacob Menke
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Sekhu Ansari
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Angela Reaves
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael E Deininger
- Versiti Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ross Levine
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, and Molecular Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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2
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Kojima Y, Kawashima F, Yasuda T, Odaira K, Inagaki Y, Yamada C, Muraki A, Noura M, Okamoto S, Tamura S, Iwamoto E, Sanada M, Matsumura I, Miyazaki Y, Kojima T, Kiyoi H, Tsuzuki S, Hayakawa F. EBF1-JAK2 inhibits the PAX5 function through physical interaction with PAX5 and kinase activity. Int J Hematol 2023:10.1007/s12185-023-03585-z. [PMID: 37149540 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene aberrations of B-cell regulators and growth signal components such as the JAK-STAT pathway are frequently found in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). EBF1 is a B-cell regulator that regulates the expression of PAX5 and co-operates with PAX5 to regulate B-cell differentiation. Here, we analyzed the function of the fusion protein of EBF1 and JAK2, EBF1-JAK2 (E-J). E-J caused constitutive activation of JAK-STAT and MAPK pathways and induced autonomous cell growth in a cytokine-dependent cell line. E-J did not affect the transcriptional activity of EBF1 but inhibited that of PAX5. Both the physical interaction of E-J with PAX5 and kinase activity of E-J were required for E-J to inhibit PAX5 function, although the detailed mechanism of inhibition remains unclear. Importantly, gene set enrichment analysis using the results of our previous RNA-seq data of 323 primary BCR-ABL1-negative ALL samples demonstrated repression of the transcriptional target genes of PAX5 in E-J-positive ALL cells, which suggests that E-J also inhibited PAX5 function in ALL cells. Our results shed new light on the mechanisms of differentiation block by kinase fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Kojima
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Fumika Kawashima
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yasuda
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koya Odaira
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Inagaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yamada
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Ami Muraki
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Mina Noura
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okamoto
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Shogo Tamura
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Eisuke Iwamoto
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Kojima
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
- Aichi Health Promotion Foundation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan.
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3
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Choi S, Cho N, Kim KK. The implications of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in cell signal transduction. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:755-766. [PMID: 37009804 PMCID: PMC10167241 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce multiple mRNAs through alternative splicing, which ensures proteome diversity. Because most human genes undergo alternative splicing, key components of signal transduction pathways are no exception. Cells regulate various signal transduction pathways, including those associated with cell proliferation, development, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Since proteins produced through alternative splicing can exhibit diverse biological functions, splicing regulatory mechanisms affect all signal transduction pathways. Studies have demonstrated that proteins generated by the selective combination of exons encoding important domains can enhance or attenuate signal transduction and can stably and precisely regulate various signal transduction pathways. However, aberrant splicing regulation via genetic mutation or abnormal expression of splicing factors negatively affects signal transduction pathways and is associated with the onset and progression of various diseases, including cancer. In this review, we describe the effects of alternative splicing regulation on major signal transduction pathways and highlight the significance of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Gurska LM, Okabe R, Schurer A, Tong MM, Soto M, Choi D, Ames K, Glushakow-Smith S, Montoya A, Tein E, Miles LA, Cheng H, Hankey-Giblin P, Levine RL, Goel S, Halmos B, Gritsman K. Crizotinib Has Preclinical Efficacy in Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:943-956. [PMID: 36537918 PMCID: PMC9992133 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis are characterized by JAK/STAT pathway activation. JAK inhibitors are approved for MPN treatment, but persistence has been observed, due to JAK/STAT reactivation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using MPN patient samples, JAK2-mutated cell lines, and MPN mouse models, we examined both the efficacy and mechanism by which crizotinib, the ALK/MET/RON/ROS1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, alters MPN cell proliferation and JAK/STAT activation. RESULTS We found that crizotinib suppresses proliferation and activation of JAK/STAT signaling, and decreases the disease burden in the JAK2V617F mouse model of MPN. Furthermore, we found that crizotinib could overcome JAK inhibitor persistence to ruxolitinib. Interestingly, phosphorylation of the crizotinib target RON kinase was enhanced in ruxolitinib-persistent cells. We show that phospho-JAK2 and phospho-RON can physically interact to sustain JAK/STAT signaling, and that the combination of crizotinib and ruxolitinib disrupts this interaction. Furthermore, RON knockdown suppresses proliferation and activation of JAK/STAT signaling in JAK2-mutated cells, and RON deletion in a JAK2V617F mouse MPN model decreases the disease burden. We also observed RON hyperactivation in MPN patient cells, suggesting that RON may be an important target of crizotinib in MPN. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrate that crizotinib has preclinical efficacy in MPN patient cells, JAK2-mutated cell lines, and a JAK2-mutated mouse model, and that the combination of crizotinib with JAK inhibitors suppresses JAK inhibitor persistence. Our work suggests that crizotinib should be investigated for the treatment of patients with MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Gurska
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Okabe
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra Schurer
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Meng Maxine Tong
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mark Soto
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Choi
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kristina Ames
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Shira Glushakow-Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Allison Montoya
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ellen Tein
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Linde A. Miles
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Haiying Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Pamela Hankey-Giblin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Penn State Cancer Institute, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ross L. Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Swati Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kira Gritsman
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, New York, USA
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5
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Kapor S, Momčilović S, Kapor S, Mojsilović S, Radojković M, Apostolović M, Filipović B, Gotić M, Čokić V, Santibanez JF. Increase in Frequency of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Bone Marrow of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: Potential Implications in Myelofibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:273-290. [PMID: 37093433 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), defined as clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cells, are characterized by the proliferation of mature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and a chronic inflammatory status impacting the initiation, progression, and symptomatology of the malignancies. There are three main entities defined as essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and genetically classified by JAK2V617F, CALR, or MPL mutations. In MPNs, due to the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines by the neoplastic cells and non-transformed immune cells, chronic inflammation may provoke the generation and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressors cells (MDSCs) that highly influence the adaptive immune response. Although peripheral blood MDSC levels are elevated, their frequency in the bone marrow of MPNs patients is not well elucidated yet. Our results indicated increased levels of total (T)-MDSCs (CD33+HLA-DR-/low) and polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs (CD33+/HLA-DRlow/CD15+/CD14-) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of all three types of MPNs malignancies. However, these bone marrow MDSCs-increased frequencies did not correlate with the clinical parameters, such as hepatomegaly, leukocytes, hemoglobin, or platelet levels, or with JAK2 and CALR mutations. Besides, bone marrow MDSCs, from ET, PV, and PMF patients, exhibited immunosuppressive function, determined as T-cell proliferation inhibition. Notably, the highest T-MDSCs and PMN-MDSC levels were found in PMF samples, and the increased MDSCs frequency strongly correlated with the degree of myelofibrosis. Thus, these data together indicate that the immunosuppressive MDSCs population is increased in the bone marrow of MPNs patients and may be implicated in generating a fibrotic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunčica Kapor
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Hospital Center "Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Heroja Milana Tepića 1, 11020, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Momčilović
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, POB 102, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Kapor
- Institute of Anatomy "Niko Miljanić", Dr. Subotića Starijeg 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Radojković
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Hospital Center "Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Heroja Milana Tepića 1, 11020, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Apostolović
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Hospital Center "Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Heroja Milana Tepića 1, 11020, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Filipović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center "Dr. Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Gotić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Čokić
- Molecular Oncology group, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, POB 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Molecular Oncology group, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, POB 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Integrative Center for Biology and Applied Chemistry (CIBQA), Bernardo O'Higgins University, Santiago, Chile.
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6
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Zhang Y, Truong B, Fahl SP, Martinez E, Cai KQ, Al-Saleem ED, Gong Y, Liebermann DA, Soboloff J, Dunbrack R, Levine RL, Fletcher S, Kappes D, Sykes SM, Shapiro P, Wiest DL. The ERK2-DBP domain opposes pathogenesis of a mouse JAK2V617F-driven myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood 2022; 140:359-373. [PMID: 35436326 PMCID: PMC9335498 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is activated in most human cancers, attempts to target this pathway using kinase-active site inhibitors have not typically led to durable clinical benefit. To address this shortcoming, we sought to test the feasibility of an alternative targeting strategy, focused on the ERK2 substrate binding domains, D and DEF binding pocket (DBP). Disabling the ERK2-DBP domain in mice caused baseline erythrocytosis. Consequently, we investigated the role of the ERK2-D and -DBP domains in disease, using a JAK2-dependent model of polycythemia vera (PV). Of note, inactivation of the ERK2-DBP domain promoted the progression of disease from PV to myelofibrosis, suggesting that the ERK2-DBP domain normally opposes progression. ERK2-DBP inactivation also prevented oncogenic JAK2 kinase (JAK2V617F) from promoting oncogene-induced senescence in vitro. The ERK2-DBP mutation attenuated JAK2-mediated oncogene-induced senescence by preventing the physical interaction of ERK2 with the transcription factor Egr1. Because inactivation of the ERK2-DBP created a functional ERK2 kinase limited to binding substrates through its D domain, these data suggested that the D domain substrates were responsible for promoting oncogene-induced progenitor growth and tumor progression and that pharmacologic targeting of the ERK2-D domain may attenuate cancer cell growth. Indeed, pharmacologic agents targeting the ERK2-D domain were effective in attenuating the growth of JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative neoplasm cell lines. Taken together, these data indicate that the ERK-D and -DBP domains can play distinct roles in the progression of neoplasms and that the D domain has the potential to be a potent therapeutic target in Ras/MAPK-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yulan Gong
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dan A Liebermann
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roland Dunbrack
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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The delta isoform of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase predominates in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and can be targeted effectively with umbralisib and ruxolitinib. Exp Hematol 2021; 97:57-65.e5. [PMID: 33617893 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndrome characterized by monocytic proliferation in the presence of dysplastic bone marrow changes, inflammatory symptoms, and propensity for transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Unlike the α and β isoforms, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-δ signaling protein is predominantly expressed by hematopoietic cells and therefore has garnered interest as a potential target for the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias. We revealed a pattern of increased PIK3CD:PIK3CA ratio in monocytic M5 AML patients and cell lines, and this ratio correlated with responsiveness to pharmacological PI3K-δ inhibition in vitro. Because CMML is a disease defined by monocytic clonal proliferation, we tested the PI3K-δ inhibitor umbralisib as a single agent and in combination with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, in CMML. Our ex vivo experiments with primary CMML patient samples revealed synergistic inhibition of viability and clonogenicity with this combination. Phospho-specific flow cytometry revealed that dual inhibition had the unique ability to decrease STAT5, ERK, AKT, and S6 phosphorylation simultaneously, which offers a mechanistic hypothesis for the enhanced efficacy of the combination treatment. These preclinical data indicate promising activity by co-inhibition of PI3K-δ and JAK1/2 and support the use of ruxolitinib + umbralisib combination therapy in CMML under active clinical investigation.
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8
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Patients with triple-negative, JAK2V617F- and CALR-mutated essential thrombocythemia share a unique gene expression signature. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1059-1068. [PMID: 33599741 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% to 15% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) lack the common driver mutations, so-called "triple-negative" (TN) disease. We undertook a systematic approach to investigate for somatic mutations and delineate gene expression signatures in 46 TN patients and compared the results to those with known driver mutations and healthy volunteers. Deep, error-corrected, next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the HaloPlexHS platform and whole-exome sequencing was performed. Using this platform, 10 (22%) of 46 patients had detectable mutations (MPL, n = 6; JAK2V617F, n = 4) with 3 of 10 cases harboring germline MPL mutations. RNA-sequencing and DNA methylation analysis were also performed by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pathway analysis comparing healthy volunteers and ET patients (regardless of mutational status) identified significant enrichment for genes in the tumor necrosis factor, NFκB, and MAPK pathways and upregulation of platelet proliferative drivers such as ITGA2B and ITGB3. Correlation with DNA methylation showed a consistent pattern of hypomethylation at upregulated gene promoters. Interrogation of these promoter regions highlighted enrichment of transcriptional regulators, which were significantly upregulated in patients with ET regardless of mutation status, including CEBPβ and NFκB. For "true" TN ET, patterns of gene expression and DNA methylation were similar to those in ET patients with known driver mutations. These observations suggest that the resultant ET phenotype may, at least in part and regardless of mutation type, be driven by transcriptional misregulation and may propagate downstream via the MAPK, tumor necrosis factor, and NFκB pathways with resultant JAK-STAT activation. These findings identify potential novel mechanisms of disease initiation that require further evaluation.
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9
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Wang Q, Yu G, He H, Zheng Z, Li X, Lin R, Xu D. Differential expression of circular RNAs in bone marrow-derived exosomes from essential thrombocythemia patients. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:869-881. [PMID: 33325145 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNA) are closely associated with the pathogenesis of various hematological diseases. However, little is known about the potential functions of circRNAs in essential thrombocythemia (ET) development. The circRNA profile alterations in the bone marrow of ET patients were mainly investigated in this study. The sizes of exosomes derived from human bone marrow tissues were validated by the nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) method. CD63 and TSG101 expressions in exosomes were analyzed by western blot analysis. The profiles and differential expression of circRNAs in bone-derived exosomes were characterized by high-throughput sequencing. Herein, circular structures and expression of circRNAs were verified by Sanger sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were predicted using the Cytoscape software. And we detected the effect of circ_0014614 on the transformation of K562 cells into megakaryocytes. Exosomes derived from the bone marrow of ET patients and healthy volunteers showed a diameter between 70 and 140 nm and expressed high CD63 and TSG101. Meanwhile, the circRNA profiles were significantly altered in bone marrow-derived exosomes from ET patients, among which circDAP3, circASXL1, and circRUNX1 were significantly downregulated in ET patients, thus conferring a new insight into the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of ET. Besides this, circRNA-encoding genes and miRNA-mRNA networks targeted by this three circRNA were involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways. And circ_0014614 could inhibit K562 cells' differentiation into megakaryocytes. The predictions of the potential function of these three differentially expressed circRNAs along with their interaction with specific miRNAs could provide a basis for circRNA-based ET diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guopan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han He
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxin Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Morgan EL, Macdonald A. JAK2 Inhibition Impairs Proliferation and Sensitises Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin-Induced Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121934. [PMID: 31817106 PMCID: PMC6966458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the underlying cause of ~5% of all human cancers, including the majority of cervical carcinomas and many other ano-genital and oral cancers. A major challenge remains to identify key host targets of HPV and to reveal how they contribute to virus-mediated malignancy. The HPV E6 oncoprotein aberrantly activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor and this is achieved by a virus-driven increase in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in HPV positive cervical cancers cells. Crucially, STAT3 activity is essential for the proliferation and survival of cervical cancer cells, suggesting that targeting STAT3 may have therapeutic potential. Unfortunately, the development of direct STAT3 inhibitors has been problematic in the clinic due to toxicity issues identified in early stage trials. To overcome this issue, we focused on the protein Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), which phosphorylates STAT3 and is essential for STAT3 activation. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting JAK2 reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in HPV transformed cervical cancer cells. We further establish that this is due to inhibition of phosphorylation of the JAK2 substrates STAT3 and STAT5. Finally, we demonstrate that the clinically available JAK2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib synergises with cisplatin in inducing apoptosis, highlighting JAK2 as a promising therapeutic target in HPV-driven cancers.
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11
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Bongartz H, Gille K, Hessenkemper W, Mandel K, Lewitzky M, Feller SM, Schaper F. The multi-site docking protein Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) enhances interleukin-6-induced MAPK-pathway activation in an SHP2-, Grb2-, and time-dependent manner. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:135. [PMID: 31651330 PMCID: PMC6814103 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokine-dependent activation of signalling pathways is tightly orchestrated. The spatiotemporal activation of signalling pathways dictates the specific physiological responses to cytokines. Dysregulated signalling accounts for neoplastic, developmental, and inflammatory diseases. Grb2-associated binder (Gab) family proteins are multi-site docking proteins, which expand cytokine-induced signal transduction in a spatial- and time-dependent manner by coordinating the recruitment of proteins involved in mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signalling. Interaction of Gab family proteins with these signalling proteins determines strength, duration and localization of active signalling cascades. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of signal orchestration by Gab family proteins in IL-6-induced signalling are only scarcely understood. Methods We performed kinetic analyses of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced MAPK activation and analysed downstream responses. We compared signalling in wild-type cells, Gab1 knock-out cells, those reconstituted to express Gab1 mutants, and cells expressing gp130 receptors or receptor mutants. Results Interleukin-6-induced MAPK pathway activation can be sub-divided into an early Gab1-independent and a subsequent Gab1-dependent phase. Early Gab1-independent MAPK activation is critical for the subsequent initiation of Gab1-dependent amplification of MAPK pathway activation and requires binding of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) to the interleukin-6 receptor complex. Subsequent and coordinated recruitment of Grb2 and SHP2 to Gab1 is essential for Gab1-dependent amplification of IL-6-induced late MAPK pathway activation and subsequent gene expression. Conclusions Overall, we elaborated the molecular requirements for Gab1-dependent, spatiotemporal orchestration of interleukin-6-dependent MAPK signalling. We discriminated IL-6-induced Gab1-independent, early activation of MAPK signalling and Gab1-dependent, sustained activation of MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bongartz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karen Gille
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hessenkemper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Mandel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marc Lewitzky
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan M Feller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fred Schaper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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12
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Braicu C, Buse M, Busuioc C, Drula R, Gulei D, Raduly L, Rusu A, Irimie A, Atanasov AG, Slaby O, Ionescu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. A Comprehensive Review on MAPK: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101618. [PMID: 31652660 PMCID: PMC6827047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important bridge in the switch from extracellular signals to intracellular responses. Alterations of signaling cascades are found in various diseases, including cancer, as a result of genetic and epigenetic changes. Numerous studies focused on both the homeostatic and the pathologic conduct of MAPK signaling; however, there is still much to be deciphered in terms of regulation and action models in both preclinical and clinical research. MAPK has implications in the response to cancer therapy, particularly the activation of the compensatory pathways in response to experimental MAPK inhibition. The present paper discusses new insights into MAPK as a complex cell signaling pathway with roles in the sustenance of cellular normal conduit, response to cancer therapy, and activation of compensatory pathways. Unfortunately, most MAPK inhibitors trigger resistance due to the activation of compensatory feed-back loops in tumor cells and tumor microenvironment components. Therefore, novel combinatorial therapies have to be implemented for cancer management in order to restrict the possibility of alternative pathway activation, as a perspective for developing novel therapies based on integration in translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihail Buse
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Constantin Busuioc
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Rares Drula
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynecological Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Calin Ionescu
- th Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, Republicii 34 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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13
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Stivala S, Codilupi T, Brkic S, Baerenwaldt A, Ghosh N, Hao-Shen H, Dirnhofer S, Dettmer MS, Simillion C, Kaufmann BA, Chiu S, Keller M, Kleppe M, Hilpert M, Buser AS, Passweg JR, Radimerski T, Skoda RC, Levine RL, Meyer SC. Targeting compensatory MEK/ERK activation increases JAK inhibitor efficacy in myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1596-1611. [PMID: 30730307 DOI: 10.1172/jci98785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive JAK2 signaling is central to myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) pathogenesis and results in activation of STAT, PI3K/AKT, and MEK/ERK signaling. However, the therapeutic efficacy of current JAK2 inhibitors is limited. We investigated the role of MEK/ERK signaling in MPN cell survival in the setting of JAK inhibition. Type I and II JAK2 inhibition suppressed MEK/ERK activation in MPN cell lines in vitro, but not in Jak2V617F and MPLW515L mouse models in vivo. JAK2 inhibition ex vivo inhibited MEK/ERK signaling, suggesting that cell-extrinsic factors maintain ERK activation in vivo. We identified PDGFRα as an activated kinase that remains activated upon JAK2 inhibition in vivo, and PDGF-AA/PDGF-BB production persisted in the setting of JAK inhibition. PDGF-BB maintained ERK activation in the presence of ruxolitinib, consistent with its function as a ligand-induced bypass for ERK activation. Combined JAK/MEK inhibition suppressed MEK/ERK activation in Jak2V617F and MPLW515L mice with increased efficacy and reversal of fibrosis to an extent not seen with JAK inhibitors. This demonstrates that compensatory ERK activation limits the efficacy of JAK2 inhibition and dual JAK/MEK inhibition provides an opportunity for improved therapeutic efficacy in MPNs and in other malignancies driven by aberrant JAK-STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Stivala
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Codilupi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sime Brkic
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Baerenwaldt
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nilabh Ghosh
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Hao-Shen
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Dirnhofer
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Cedric Simillion
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Beat A Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Chiu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Keller
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Kleppe
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Morgane Hilpert
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas S Buser
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob R Passweg
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sara C Meyer
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Subotički T, Mitrović Ajtić O, Beleslin-Čokić BB, Bjelica S, Djikić D, Diklić M, Leković D, Gotić M, Santibanez JF, Noguchi CT, Čokić VP. IL-6 stimulation of DNA replication is JAK1/2 mediated in cross-talk with hyperactivated ERK1/2 signaling. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:192-206. [PMID: 30571852 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are developing resistance to therapy by JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. To explore the mechanism of ruxolitinib's limited effect, we examined the JAK1/2 mediated induction of proliferation related ERK1/2 and AKT signaling by proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) in MPN granulocytes and JAK2V617F mutated human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. We found that JAK1/2 or JAK2 inhibition prevented the IL-6 activation of STAT3 and AKT pathways in polycythemia vera and HEL cells. Further, we showed that these inhibitors also blocked the IL-6 activation of the AKT pathway in primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Only JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib largely activated ERK1/2 signaling in essential thrombocythemia and PMF (up to 4.6 fold), with a more prominent activation in JAK2V617F positive granulocytes. Regarding a cell cycle, we found that IL-6 reduction of HEL cells percentage in G2M phase was reversed by ruxolitinib (2.6 fold). Moreover, ruxolitinib potentiated apoptosis of PMF granulocytes (1.6 fold). Regarding DNA replication, we found that ruxolitinib prevented the IL-6 augmentation of MPN granulocytes frequency in the S phase of the cell cycle (up to 2.9 fold). The inflammatory stimulation induces a cross-talk between the proliferation linked pathways, where JAK1/2 inhibition is compensated by the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway during IL-6 stimulation of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Subotički
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Mitrović Ajtić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana B Beleslin-Čokić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Genetic Laboratory, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sunčica Bjelica
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragoslava Djikić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Diklić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Leković
- Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Gotić
- Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, 8370854, Chile
| | - Constance T Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vladan P Čokić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Edelmann B, Gupta N, Schnoeder TM, Oelschlegel AM, Shahzad K, Goldschmidt J, Philipsen L, Weinert S, Ghosh A, Saalfeld FC, Nimmagadda SC, Müller P, Braun-Dullaeus R, Mohr J, Wolleschak D, Kliche S, Amthauer H, Heidel FH, Schraven B, Isermann B, Müller AJ, Fischer T. JAK2-V617F promotes venous thrombosis through β1/β2 integrin activation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4359-4371. [PMID: 30024857 DOI: 10.1172/jci90312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2-V617F-positive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia (CMN) commonly displays dysfunction of integrins and adhesion molecules expressed on platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. However, the mechanism by which the 2 major leukocyte integrin chains, β1 and β2, may contribute to CMN pathophysiology remained unclear. β1 (α4β1; VLA-4) and β2 (αLβ2; LFA-1) integrins are essential regulators for attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells. We here showed enhanced adhesion of granulocytes from mice with JAK2-V617F knockin (JAK2+/VF mice) to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1- (VCAM1-) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1-coated (ICAM1-coated) surfaces. Soluble VCAM1 and ICAM1 ligand binding assays revealed increased affinity of β1 and β2 integrins for their respective ligands. For β1 integrins, this correlated with a structural change from the low- to the high-affinity conformation induced by JAK2-V617F. JAK2-V617F triggered constitutive activation of the integrin inside-out signaling molecule Rap1, resulting in translocation toward the cell membrane. Employing a venous thrombosis model, we demonstrated that neutralizing anti-VLA-4 and anti-β2 integrin antibodies suppress pathologic thrombosis as observed in JAK2+/VF mice. In addition, aberrant homing of JAK2+/VF leukocytes to the spleen was inhibited by neutralizing anti-β2 antibodies and by pharmacologic inhibition of Rap1. Thus, our findings identified cross-talk between JAK2-V617F and integrin activation promoting pathologic thrombosis and abnormal trafficking of leukocytes to the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Edelmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nibedita Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tina M Schnoeder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja M Oelschlegel
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy
| | | | | | - Lars Philipsen
- Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, and
| | - Soenke Weinert
- Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aniket Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Felix C Saalfeld
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Subbaiah Chary Nimmagadda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Braun-Dullaeus
- Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Mohr
- Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, and
| | - Denise Wolleschak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, and
| | - Holger Amthauer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, and.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Immune Control, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, and.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Immune Control, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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16
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Vaddi K, Verstovsek S, Kiladjian JJ. Ruxolitinib: a targeted treatment option for patients with polycythemia vera. BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2016; 6:7-19. [PMID: 31360077 PMCID: PMC6467337 DOI: 10.2147/blctt.s101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by erythrocytosis and the presence of Janus kinase (JAK) 2V617F or similar mutations. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of PV, the challenges associated with traditional treatment options, and the scientific rationale and supportive clinical evidence for targeted therapy with ruxolitinib. Accumulating evidence indicates that activating mutations in JAK2 drive the PV disease state. Traditional PV treatment strategies, including aspirin, phlebotomy, and cytoreductive agents such as hydroxyurea, provide clinical benefits for some but not all patients and may not adequately treat PV-related symptoms. Furthermore, traditional treatment approaches are associated with potential side effects that may limit their usage and lead some patients to discontinue the treatment. Ruxolitinib is an orally available small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2. Ruxolitinib is approved in the US for patients with PV with an inadequate response or intolerance to hydroxyurea and in Europe for adults with PV who are resistant to or intolerant of hydroxyurea. In the Phase III RESPONSE registration trial, ruxolitinib was superior to the best available therapy in patients with PV who were resistant to or intolerant of hydroxyurea in controlling hematocrit levels, reducing spleen volume, and improving PV-related symptoms and quality-of-life measures. The most common nonhematologic adverse events in ruxolitinib-treated patients were headache, diarrhea, pruritus, and fatigue in the RESPONSE trial; hematologic adverse events were primarily grade 1 or 2. In the Phase IIIb nonregistration RELIEF trial, there were nonsignificant trends toward an improved symptom control in patients with PV on a stable hydroxyurea dose who were generally well controlled but reported disease-associated symptoms and switched to ruxolitinib vs those who continued hydroxyurea therapy. Updated treatment guidelines will be important for educating physicians about the role of ruxolitinib in the treatment of patients with PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Vaddi
- Drug Discovery, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE,
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Kiladjian
- Clinical Investigations Center, Hôpital Saint-Louis et Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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17
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Springuel L, Renauld JC, Knoops L. JAK kinase targeting in hematologic malignancies: a sinuous pathway from identification of genetic alterations towards clinical indications. Haematologica 2015; 100:1240-53. [PMID: 26432382 PMCID: PMC4591756 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation occurs in most myeloproliferative neoplasms as well as in a significant proportion of other hematologic malignancies, and is frequently a marker of poor prognosis. The underlying molecular alterations are heterogeneous as they include activating mutations in distinct components (cytokine receptor, JAK, STAT), overexpression (cytokine receptor, JAK) or rare JAK2 fusion proteins. In some cases, concomitant loss of negative regulators contributes to pathogenesis by further boosting the activation of the cascade. Exploiting the signaling bottleneck provided by the limited number of JAK kinases is an attractive therapeutic strategy for hematologic neoplasms driven by constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation. However, given the conserved nature of the kinase domain among family members and the interrelated roles of JAK kinases in many physiological processes, including hematopoiesis and immunity, broad usage of JAK inhibitors in hematology is challenged by their narrow therapeutic window. Novel therapies are, therefore, needed. The development of more selective inhibitors is a questionable strategy as such inhibitors might abrogate the beneficial contribution of alleviating the cancer-related pro-inflammatory microenvironment and raise selective pressure to a threshold that allows the emergence of malignant subclones harboring drug-resistant mutations. In contrast, synergistic combinations of JAK inhibitors with drugs targeting cascades that work in concert with JAK-STAT pathway appear to be promising therapeutic alternatives to JAK inhibitors as monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Springuel
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Knoops
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium Hematology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Association of a genetic marker at the bovine Janus kinase 2 locus (JAK2/RsaI) with milk production traits of four cattle breeds. J DAIRY RES 2015; 82:287-92. [PMID: 26119533 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the main components of the somatotrophic axis (GH/GHR/IGF-I/IGF-IR), great importance in the control of growth and development is also attached to the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) pathway. Induced by the GH/GHR complex, JAK2 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), and in consequence, may be involved in the regulation of expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the mammary gland. Silent mutation (rs110298451) has been identified within exon 20 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A total of 904 individuals of four dairy or dual-purpose breeds (Polish Holstein-Friesian, Montbeliarde, Simmental and Jersey) were genotyped. A genotypic imbalance in the populations was observed. In the case of dual-purpose breeds (Montbeliarde and Simmental), the frequencies of both alleles were almost equal. In contrary, the JAK2G allele was predominant in the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed while JAK2A allele in Jersey. A pronounced relationship between JAK2/RsaI polymorphism and milk production traits was found where, irrespective of breed and lactation order, the GG genotype was significantly associated with higher milk, protein and fat yields, as compared to the AA genotype. Heterozygous individuals were generally characterised by intermediate values of the analysed milk traits. It can be argued that the JAK2 gene polymorphism is a potential marker for milk production traits. However, due to the fact that rs110298451 SNP does not directly affect amino acid sequence, other association studies involving missense mutation should also be performed.
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Stat5 Exerts Distinct, Vital Functions in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus of Bcr-Abl+ K562 and Jak2(V617F)+ HEL Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:503-37. [PMID: 25809097 PMCID: PMC4381271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) play central roles in the conversion of extracellular signals, e.g., cytokines, hormones and growth factors, into tissue and cell type specific gene expression patterns. In normal cells, their signaling potential is strictly limited in extent and duration. The persistent activation of Stat3 or Stat5 is found in many human tumor cells and contributes to their growth and survival. Stat5 activation plays a pivotal role in nearly all hematological malignancies and occurs downstream of oncogenic kinases, e.g., Bcr-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemias (CML) and Jak2(V617F) in other myeloproliferative diseases (MPD). We defined the mechanisms through which Stat5 affects growth and survival of K562 cells, representative of Bcr-Abl positive CML, and HEL cells, representative for Jak2(V617F) positive acute erythroid leukemia. In our experiments we suppressed the protein expression levels of Stat5a and Stat5b through shRNA mediated downregulation and demonstrated the dependence of cell survival on the presence of Stat5. Alternatively, we interfered with the functional capacities of the Stat5 protein through the interaction with a Stat5 specific peptide ligand. This ligand is a Stat5 specific peptide aptamer construct which comprises a 12mer peptide integrated into a modified thioredoxin scaffold, S5-DBD-PA. The peptide sequence specifically recognizes the DNA binding domain (DBD) of Stat5. Complex formation of S5-DBD-PA with Stat5 causes a strong reduction of P-Stat5 in the nuclear fraction of Bcr-Abl-transformed K562 cells and a suppression of Stat5 target genes. Distinct Stat5 mediated survival mechanisms were detected in K562 and Jak2(V617F)-transformed HEL cells. Stat5 is activated in the nuclear and cytosolic compartments of K562 cells and the S5-DBD-PA inhibitor most likely affects the viability of Bcr-Abl+ K562 cells through the inhibition of canonical Stat5 induced target gene transcription. In HEL cells, Stat5 is predominantly present in the cytoplasm and the survival of the Jak2(V617F)+ HEL cells is impeded through the inhibition of the cytoplasmic functions of Stat5.
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MAPK-induced Gab1 translocation to the plasma membrane depends on a regulated intramolecular switch. Cell Signal 2015; 27:340-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hosseinzadeh Z, Luo D, Sopjani M, Bhavsar SK, Lang F. Down-regulation of the epithelial Na⁺ channel ENaC by Janus kinase 2. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:331-8. [PMID: 24562791 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinase-2 (JAK2), a signaling molecule mediating effects of various hormones including leptin and growth hormone, has previously been shown to modify the activity of several channels and carriers. Leptin is known to inhibit and growth hormone to stimulate epithelial Na(+) transport, effects at least partially involving regulation of the epithelial Na(+) channel ENaC. However, no published evidence is available regarding an influence of JAK2 on the activity of the epithelial Na(+) channel ENaC. In order to test whether JAK2 participates in the regulation of ENaC, cRNA encoding ENaC was injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without additional injection of cRNA encoding wild type JAK2, gain-of-function (V617F)JAK2 or inactive (K882E)JAK2. Moreover, ENaC was expressed with or without the ENaC regulating ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 with or without JAK2, (V617F)JAK2 or (K882E)JAK2. ENaC was determined from amiloride (50 μM)-sensitive current (I(amil)) in dual electrode voltage clamp. Moreover, I(amil) was determined in colonic tissue utilizing Ussing chambers. As a result, the I(amil) in ENaC-expressing oocytes was significantly decreased following coexpression of JAK2 or (V617F)JAK2, but not by coexpression of (K882E)JAK2. Coexpression of JAK2 and Nedd4-2 decreased I(amil) in ENaC-expressing oocytes to a larger extent than coexpression of Nedd4-2 alone. Exposure of ENaC- and JAK2-expressing oocytes to JAK2 inhibitor AG490 (40 μM) significantly increased I(amil). In colonic epithelium, I(amil) was significantly enhanced by AG490 pretreatment (40 μM, 1 h). In conclusion, JAK2 is a powerful inhibitor of ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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