1
|
Hohlstein P, Schumacher E, Abu Jhaisha S, Adams JK, Pollmanns MR, Schneider CV, Hamesch K, Horvathova K, Wirtz TH, Tacke F, Trautwein C, Weiskirchen R, Koch A. Soluble Neuropilin-1 Is Elevated in Sepsis and Correlates with Organ Dysfunction and Long-Term Mortality in Critical Illness. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5438. [PMID: 38791476 PMCID: PMC11121523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Critical illness and sepsis may cause organ failure and are recognized as mortality drivers in hospitalized patients. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a multifaceted transmembrane protein involved in the primary immune response and is expressed in immune cells such as T and dendritic cells. The soluble form of NRP-1 (sNRP-1) acts as an antagonist to NRP-1 by scavenging its ligands. The aim of this study was to determine the value of sNRP-1 as a biomarker in critical illness and sepsis. We enrolled 180 critically ill patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit and measured serum sNRP-1 concentrations at admission, comparing them to 48 healthy individuals. Critically ill and septic patients showed higher levels of sNRP-1 compared to healthy controls (median of 2.47 vs. 1.70 nmol/L, p < 0.001). Moreover, sNRP-1 was also elevated in patients with sepsis compared to other critical illness (2.60 vs. 2.13 nmol/L, p = 0.01), irrespective of disease severity or organ failure. In critically ill patients, sNRP-1 is positively correlated with markers of kidney and hepatic dysfunction. Most notably, critically ill patients not surviving in the long term (one year after admission) showed higher concentrations of sNRP-1 at the time of ICU admission (p = 0.036), with this association being dependent on the presence of organ failure. Critically ill and septic patients exhibit higher serum concentrations of circulating sNRP-1, which correlates to organ failure, particularly hepatic and kidney dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hohlstein
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Eileen Schumacher
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Samira Abu Jhaisha
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Jule K. Adams
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Maike R. Pollmanns
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Carolin V. Schneider
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Karim Hamesch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| | | | - Theresa H. Wirtz
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (E.S.); (S.A.J.); (J.K.A.); (M.R.P.); (C.V.S.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.); (C.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sankiewicz A, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B, Gorska E, Hermanowicz A, Gorodkiewicz E. New Biosensor for Determination of Neuropilin-1 with Detection by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4118. [PMID: 37112459 PMCID: PMC10145791 DOI: 10.3390/s23084118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 is transmembrane protein with soluble isoforms. It plays a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological processes. NRP-1 is involved in the immune response, formation of neuronal circuits, angiogenesis, survival and migration of cells. The specific SPRI biosensor for the determination of neuropilin-1 was constructed using mouse monoclonal antibody that captures unbound NRP-1 form body fluids. The biosensor exhibits linearity of the analytical signal between 0.01 and 2.5 ng/mL, average precision value 4.7% and recovery between 97% and 104%. The detection limit is 0.011 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification is 0.038 ng/mL. The biosensor was validated by parallel determination of NRP-1 in serum and saliva samples using the ELISA test, with good agreement of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sankiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Zelazowska-Rutkowska
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Gorska
- Independent Researcher, Stoleczna 7, 15-879 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Adam Hermanowicz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang Y, Hu S, Li T, Qiu X. Tumor cells-derived exosomal circVCP promoted the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Gene 2023; 870:147413. [PMID: 37028610 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent tumors of the digestive tract and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most critical immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which closely interact with tumor cells to promote tumor incidence and progression. However, the precise mechanism of action between CRC cells and TAMs polarization is still being investigated. METHODS Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), NanoSight and western blotting were used to characterize exosomes (Exo) isolated from the culture medium of CRC cells. The cellular uptake and internalization of Exo were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. M1/ M2 phenotype markers expression were examined by ELISA and flow cytometry. Cell migration, invasion and proliferation were determined by transwell and CCK-8 assay, respectively. A xenograft tumor model was established to explore the role of circVCP in vivo. The target genes of circVCP or miR-9-5p were predicted by StarBase2.0. The target association among miR-9-5p and circVCP or NRP1 was confirmed using the luciferase assay and RNA-pull down assay. RESULTS circVCP was highly accumulated in exosomes derived from plasma of CRC patients and CRC cells. Additionally, exosomal circVCP derived from CRC cells promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating the miR-9-5p/NRP1 axis, and induced macrophage M2 polarization and inhibited macrophage M1 polarization. CONCLUSIONS Over-expressed exosomal circVCP promoted the progression of CRC by regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization through miR-9-5p/NRP1 axis. CircVCP may be a diagnostic biomarker and potential target for CRC therapy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Klotz DM, Kuhlmann JD, Link T, Goeckenjan M, Hofbauer LC, Göbel A, Rachner TD, Wimberger P. Clinical impact of soluble Neuropilin-1 in ovarian cancer patients and its association with its circulating ligands of the HGF/c-MET axis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:974885. [PMID: 36338759 PMCID: PMC9635484 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.974885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropilin (NRP) is a transmembrane protein, which has been shown to be a pro-angiogenic mediator and implicated as a potential driver of cancer progression. NRP-1 up-regulation in ovarian cancer tissue predicts poor prognosis. However, the clinical relevance of the soluble form of NRP-1 (sNRP-1) as a circulating biomarker in ovarian cancer patients is unknown. METHODS/PATIENTS COHORT sNRP-1 levels were quantified in a cohort of 88 clinically documented ovarian cancer patients by a commercially available sNRP-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Biomedica, Vienna, Austria). Patients (81.8% with FIGOIII/IV) received primary cytoreductive surgery with the aim of macroscopic complete resection (achieved in 55.7% of patients) and the recommendation of adjuvant chemotherapy in line with national guidelines. RESULTS Higher levels of sNRP-1 reflected more advanced disease (FIGO III/IV) and indicated a trend towards suboptimal surgical outcome, i.e. any residual tumor. sNRP-1 was neither related to the patients' age nor the BRCA1/2 mutational status. Patients with higher sNRP-1 levels at primary diagnosis had a significantly reduced progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.541, 95%CI: 0.304 - 0.963; p = 0.037) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.459, 95%CI: 0.225 - 0.936; p = 0.032). Principal component analysis showed that sNRP-1 levels were unrelated to the circulating hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the soluble ectodomain of its receptor the tyrosine kinase mesenchymal-epithelial transition (c-MET), suggesting that there is no proportional serological concentration gradient of soluble components of the NRP-1/HGF/c-MET signaling axis. CONCLUSIONS In line with the previously shown tissue-based prognostic role, we demonstrated for the first time that sNRP-1 can also act as a readily accessible, prognostic biomarker in the circulation of patients with ovarian cancer at primary diagnosis. Given its known role in angiogenesis and conferring resistance to the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib in vitro, our results encourage more detailed investigation into sNRP-1 as a potential predictive biomarker for bevacizumab and/or PARP-inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martin Klotz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa Link
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maren Goeckenjan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D. Rachner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee J, Chong K, Lee J, Kim C, Kim JH, Choi K, Choi C. Differential dependency of human glioblastoma cells on vascular endothelial growth factor‑A signaling via neuropilin‑1. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:122. [PMID: 36043525 PMCID: PMC9477108 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) in human glioblastoma (GB), the understanding of its function as a co-receptor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) in angiogenesis is currently limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the non-classical function of NRP-1 expression in human GB. Expression patterns of NRP-1 and VEGF-A were determined by sandwich ELISA, western blot analysis, or immunohistochemistry. Differential dependency of GB cells following ablation of VEGF-A signaling was validated in vitro and in vivo. Cellular mechanism responsible for distinct response to VEGF-A signaling was evaluated by western blotting and immune-precipitation analysis. Prognostic implications were assessed using IHC analysis. GB cells exhibited differing sensitivity to silencing of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A signaling, which resulted in a distinct expression pattern of wild-type or chondroitin-sulfated NRP-1. VEGF-A-sensitive GB exhibited the physical interaction between wild-type NRP-1 and FMS related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1) whereas VEGF-A-resistant GB exhibited chondroitin-sulfated NRP-1 without interaction with Flt-1. Eliminating the chondroitin sulfate modification in NRP-1 led to re-sensitization to VEGF-A signaling, and chondroitin sulfate modification was found to be associated with an adverse prognosis in patients with GB. The present study identified the distinct functions of NRP-1 in VEGF-A signaling in accordance with its unique expression type and interaction with Flt-1. The present research is expected to provide a strong basis for targeting VEGF-A signaling in patients with GB, with variable responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwhoi Lee
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju‑do 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuha Chong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro‑gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsul Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungyeul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro‑gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju‑do 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsun Choi
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34014 34014, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhee Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The roles of Eph receptors, neuropilin-1, P2X7, and CD147 in COVID-19-associated neurodegenerative diseases: inflammasome and JaK inhibitors as potential promising therapies. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:10. [PMID: 35109786 PMCID: PMC8809072 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide, and finding a safe therapeutic strategy and effective vaccine is critical to overcoming severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, elucidation of pathogenesis mechanisms, especially entry routes of SARS-CoV-2 may help propose antiviral drugs and novel vaccines. Several receptors have been demonstrated for the interaction of spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 with host cells, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), ephrin ligands and Eph receptors, neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), P2X7, and CD147. The expression of these entry receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) may make the CNS prone to SARS-CoV-2 invasion, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. The present review provides potential pathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the CNS, including entry receptors and cytokines involved in neuroinflammatory conditions. Moreover, it explains several neurodegenerative disorders associated with COVID-19. Finally, we suggest inflammasome and JaK inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Moussaron A, Jouan-Hureaux V, Collet C, Pierson J, Thomas N, Choulier L, Veran N, Doyen M, Arnoux P, Maskali F, Dumas D, Acherar S, Barberi-Heyob M, Frochot C. Preliminary Study of New Gallium-68 Radiolabeled Peptide Targeting NRP-1 to Detect Brain Metastases by Positron Emission Tomography. Molecules 2021; 26:7273. [PMID: 34885871 PMCID: PMC8659110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their very poor prognosis and a fatal outcome, secondary brain tumors are one of the biggest challenges in oncology today. From the point of view of the early diagnosis of these brain micro- and macro-tumors, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tools constitute an obstacle. Molecular imaging, such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), is a promising technique but remains limited in the search for cerebral localizations, given the commercially available radiotracers. Indeed, the [18F]FDG PET remains constrained by the physiological fixation of the cerebral cortex, which hinders the visualization of cerebral metastases. Tumor angiogenesis is recognized as a crucial phenomenon in the progression of malignant tumors and is correlated with overexpression of the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) receptor. Here, we describe the synthesis and the photophysical properties of the new gallium-68 radiolabeled peptide to target NRP-1. The KDKPPR peptide was coupled with gallium-68 anchored into a bifunctional NODAGA chelating agent, as well as Cy5 for fluorescence detection. The Cy5 absorbance spectra did not change, whereas the molar extinction coefficient (ε) decreased drastically. An enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield (φF) could be observed due to the better water solubility of Cy5. [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-K(Cy5)DKPPR was radiosynthesized efficiently, presented hydrophilic properties (log D = -1.86), and had high in vitro stability (>120 min). The molecular affinity and the cytotoxicity of this new chelated radiotracer were evaluated in vitro on endothelial cells (HUVEC) and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells (hormone-independent and triple-negative line) and in vivo on a brain model of metastasis in a nude rat using the MDA-MB-231 cell line. No in vitro toxicity has been observed. The in vivo preliminary experiments showed promising results, with a high contrast between the healthy brain and metastatic foci for [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-K(Cy5)DKPPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Moussaron
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Valérie Jouan-Hureaux
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.J.-H.); (J.P.); (N.T.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Charlotte Collet
- Nancyclotep Molecular Imaging Platform, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (C.C.); (N.V.); (M.D.); (F.M.)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, U1254, IADI, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Julien Pierson
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.J.-H.); (J.P.); (N.T.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Noémie Thomas
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.J.-H.); (J.P.); (N.T.); (M.B.-H.)
| | | | - Nicolas Veran
- Nancyclotep Molecular Imaging Platform, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (C.C.); (N.V.); (M.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Matthieu Doyen
- Nancyclotep Molecular Imaging Platform, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (C.C.); (N.V.); (M.D.); (F.M.)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, U1254, IADI, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Arnoux
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Fatiha Maskali
- Nancyclotep Molecular Imaging Platform, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (C.C.); (N.V.); (M.D.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Samir Acherar
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Muriel Barberi-Heyob
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.J.-H.); (J.P.); (N.T.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Céline Frochot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.M.); (P.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Porter B, Maulik D, Babbar S, Schrufer‐Poland T, Allsworth J, Ye SQ, Heruth DP, Lei T. Maternal plasma soluble neuropilin-1 is downregulated in fetal growth restriction complicated by abnormal umbilical artery Doppler: a pilot study. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 58:716-721. [PMID: 33533520 PMCID: PMC8597582 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Placental expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a proangiogenic member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family involved in sprouting angiogenesis, was recently discovered to be downregulated in pregnancies with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and abnormal umbilical artery (UA) Doppler. Soluble NRP1 (sNRP1) is an antagonist to NRP1; however, little is known about its role in normal and FGR pregnancies. This study tested the hypotheses that, first, sNRP1 would be detectable in maternal circulation and, second, its concentration would be upregulated in FGR pregnancies compared to those with normal fetal growth and this would correlate with the severity of the disease as assessed by UA Doppler. METHODS This was a prospective case-control pilot study of 40 singleton pregnancies (20 FGR cases and 20 uncomplicated controls) between 24 + 0 and 40 + 0 weeks' gestation followed in an academic perinatal center from January 2015 to May 2017. FGR was defined as an ultrasound-estimated fetal weight < 10th percentile for gestational age. The control group was matched to the FGR group for maternal age and gestational age at assessment. Fetal ultrasound biometry and UA Doppler were performed using standard protocols. Maternal plasma sNRP1 measurements were performed using a commercially available ELISA. RESULTS Contrary to the study hypothesis, maternal plasma sNRP1 levels were significantly decreased in FGR pregnancies as compared to those with normal fetal growth (137.4 ± 44.8 pg/mL vs 166.7 ± 36.9 pg/mL; P = 0.03). However, there was no significant difference in sNRP1 concentration between the control group and FGR pregnancies that had normal UA Doppler. Plasma sNRP1 was downregulated in FGR pregnancies with elevated UA systolic/diastolic ratio (P = 0.023) and those with UA absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (P = 0.005) in comparison to FGR pregnancies with normal UA Doppler. This suggests that biometrically small fetuses without hemodynamic compromise are small-for-gestational age rather than FGR. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a significant decrease in maternal plasma sNRP1 concentration in growth-restricted pregnancies with fetoplacental circulatory compromise. These findings suggest a possible role of sNRP1 in modulating fetal growth and its potential as a biomarker for FGR. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Porter
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
| | - D. Maulik
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
| | - S. Babbar
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
| | - T. Schrufer‐Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
- UCHealth Maternal Fetal Medicine ClinicColorado SpringsCOUSA
| | - J. Allsworth
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
| | - S. Q. Ye
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
| | - D. P. Heruth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy HospitalUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
| | - T. Lei
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sarabipour S, Mac Gabhann F. Targeting neuropilins as a viable SARS-CoV-2 treatment. FEBS J 2021; 288:5122-5129. [PMID: 34185437 PMCID: PMC8420456 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted global health. Research on viral mechanisms, highly effective vaccines, and other therapies is in progress. Neuropilins have recently been identified as host cell receptors enabling viral fusion. Here, we provide context to neuropilin's tissue-specific role in infection and the potential impact of NRP-based therapeutics. We conclude that the central roles of neuropilins in vascular, neural, and other pathways may render it a less suitable target for treating SARS-CoV-2 than agents that target its binding partner, the viral spike protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Computational MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Computational MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rachner TD, Kasimir-Bauer S, Goebel A, Erdmann K, Hoffmann O, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC, Kimmig R, Bittner AK. Soluble Neuropilin-1 is an independent marker of poor prognosis in early breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2233-2238. [PMID: 33884469 PMCID: PMC8236462 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a transmembrane protein that acts as a multifunctional non-tyrosine kinase receptor with an established role in development and immunity. NRP-1 also regulates tumor biology, and high expression levels of tissue NRP-1 have been associated with a poor prognosis. Recently, ELISA-based quantification of soluble NRP-1 (sNRP-1) has become available, but little is known about the prognostic value of sNRP-1 in malignancies. Materials and methods We measured sNRP-1 in the serum of 509 patients with primary early breast cancer (BC) at the time of diagnosis using ELISA. Results Mean serum values of sNRP-1 were 1.88 ± 0.52 nmol/l (= 130.83 ± 36.24 ng/ml). SNRP-1 levels weakly correlated with age, and were higher in peri- and postmenopausal patients compared to premenopausal patients, respectively (p < 0.0001). Low levels of sNRP-1 were associated with a significant survival benefit compared to high sNRP-1 levels at baseline (p = 0.005; HR 1.94; 95%CI 1.23–3.06). These findings remained significant after adjustment for tumor stage including lymph node involvement, grading, hormone receptor, HER2 status, and age (p = 0.022; HR 1.78; 95%CI 1.09–2.91). Conclusion Our findings warrant further investigations into the prognostic and therapeutic potential of sNRP-1 in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andy Goebel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Urology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Urology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Urology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barberic M, Pavicic Baldani D, Rogic D, Kralik S. Serum concentrations of neuropilin-1 in women with endometriosis. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2020; 80:271-276. [PMID: 32069143 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2020.1728785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective of this work is to investigate, for the first time, serum concentration of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), aiming to evaluate its diagnostic performance in endometriosis and usability as a potential non-invasive serum marker of endometriosis. Two hundred women were treated laparoscopically. After laparoscopic surgery women were divided into two groups: 120 women diagnosed with endometriosis and 80 healthy women (control group). Blood samples were taken from all women undergoing laparoscopy half an hour before the induction of anesthesia, for the purpose of collection of serum. The level of NRP-1 in serum was assayed by a standardised sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differences between endometriosis and healthy control group in NRP-1 levels were significant. All values were significantly and several times higher in patients group, p < .001. After receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under curve was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.941 to 0.989, p < .0001) at 11 µg/L cut-off level for NRP-1. Preliminary threshold values for NRP-1 in serum were assumed to serve as diagnostic parameters with sensitivity of 99.3% and specificity of 97.8%. Serum concentration of NRP-1 can be considered as a potentially good laboratory diagnostic, non-invasive marker for endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Barberic
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostic, Ivanic Grad, Croatia
| | - Dinka Pavicic Baldani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sasa Kralik
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
MiR-200c sensitizes Olaparib-resistant ovarian cancer cells by targeting Neuropilin 1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:3. [PMID: 31898520 PMCID: PMC6939329 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Treatment with PARP inhibitors (PARPi), such as Olaparib, has been recently introduced for OC patients, but resistance may occur and underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The aim of this study is to identify target genes within the tumor cells that might cause resistance to Olaparib. We focused on Neuropilin 1 (NRP1), a transmembrane receptor expressed in OC and correlated with poor survival, which has been also proposed as a key molecule in OC multidrug resistance. METHODS Using three OC cell lines (UWB, UWB-BRCA and SKOV3) as model systems, we evaluated the biological and molecular effects of Olaparib on OC cell growth, cell cycle, DNA damage and apoptosis/autophagy induction, through MTT and colony forming assays, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. We evaluated NRP1 expression in OC specimens and cell lines by Western blot and qRT-PCR, and used RNA interference to selectively inhibit NRP1. To identify miR-200c as a regulator of NRP1, we used miRNA target prediction algorithms and Pearsons' correlation analysis in biopsies from OC patients. Then, we used a stable transfection approach to overexpress miR-200c in Olaparib-resistant cells. RESULTS We observed that NRP1 is expressed at high levels in resistant cells (SKOV3) and is upmodulated in partially sensitive cells (UWB-BRCA) upon prolonged Olaparib treatment, leading to poor drug response. Our results show that the selective inhibition of NRP1 is able to overcome Olaparib resistance in SKOV3 cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-200c can target NRP1 in OC cells, causing its downmodulation, and that miR-200c overexpression is a valid approach to restore Olaparib sensitivity in OC resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that miR-200c significantly enhanced the anti-cancer efficacy of Olaparib in drug-resistant OC cells. Thus, the combination of Olaparib with miRNA-based therapy may represent a promising treatment for drug resistant OC, and our data may help in designing novel precision medicine trials for optimizing the clinical use of PARPi.
Collapse
|
13
|
Baberg F, Geyh S, Waldera-Lupa D, Stefanski A, Zilkens C, Haas R, Schroeder T, Stühler K. Secretome analysis of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:434-441. [PMID: 30716505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As an essential cellular component of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) play a pivotal role for the physiological regulation of hematopoiesis, in particular through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Mass spectrometry (MS) facilitates the identification and quantification of a large amount of secreted proteins (secretome), but can be hampered by the false-positive identification of contaminating proteins released from dead cells or derived from cell medium. To reduce the likelihood of contaminations we applied an approach combining secretome and proteome analysis to characterize the physiological secretome of BM derived human MSC. Our analysis revealed a secretome consisting of 315 proteins. Pathway analyses of these proteins revealed a high abundance of proteins related to cell growth and/or maintenance, signal transduction and cell communication thereby representing key biological functions of BM derived MSC on protein level. Within the MSC secretome we identified several cytokines and growth factors such as VEGFC, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and GDF6 which are known to be involved in the physiological regulation of hematopoiesis. By comparing the peptide patterns of secretomes and cell lysates 17 proteins were identified as candidates for proteolytic processing. Taken together, our combined MS work-flow reduced the likelihood of contaminations and enabled us to carve out a specific overview about the composition of the secretome from human BM derived MSC. This methodological approach and the specific secretome signature of BM derived MSC may serve as basis for future comparative analyses of the interplay of MSC and HSPC in patients with hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Baberg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Geyh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Waldera-Lupa
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Zilkens
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Schroeder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin J, Zhang Y, Wu J, Li L, Chen N, Ni P, Song L, Liu X. Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a novel tumor marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 485:158-165. [PMID: 29966621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) has an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether a membrane protein can serve not only as a tumor marker that reflects TEAD function but also as a therapeutic target that stimulates tumorigenesis in HCC remains unknown. METHODS Tissue NRP1 was measured using immunohistochemistry. Cell viability, colony formation and caspase3/7 activity were assessed using MTT, soft agar and caspase 3/7 Glo assays, respectively. Serum NRP1 was examined using ELISA and Western blotting. RESULTS NRP1 expression was up-regulated by TEAD. We also identified a conserved TEAD-binding motif in the NRP1 promoters, which was essential for the TEAD-NRP1 interaction. NRP1 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and knockdown of NRP1 inhibited the transformative phenotypes of HCC cells. Notably, the concentrations of serum NRP1 in the HCC patients were much higher than those of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis, breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer patients. Moreover, serum NRP1 was significantly associated with AFP, γ-GT, Alb, bile acid, ALT, AST, ALP and pre-Alb. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for serum NRP1 was 0.971, presenting better diagnostic performance compared to AFP. CONCLUSIONS NRP1 is a novel tumor marker in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiafei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yingwei Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Jiemin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Peihua Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Lihua Song
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Xiangfan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prud'homme GJ, Glinka Y, Lichner Z, Yousef GM. Neuropilin-1 is a receptor for extracellular miRNA and AGO2/miRNA complexes and mediates the internalization of miRNAs that modulate cell function. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68057-68071. [PMID: 27486976 PMCID: PMC5356539 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular miRNAs are increasingly studied as markers for specific diseases. They are released in biological fluids in a remarkably stable form, and may play a role in intercellular communication. They are thought to be protected against degradation by either encapsulation within microparticles, or by binding to proteins (mostly AGO2). The particulate forms may be internalized by endocytosis or membrane fusion, but the protein-bound forms require a receptor mechanism for their uptake. A major question is whether there are natural cell-membrane receptors that capture and internalize protein-bound functional miRNAs. We examined neuropilin-1 (NRP1), in view of its properties as a receptor for many ligands, including growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and efficiency at mediating ligand internalization. It is expressed by endothelial cells, many other normal cell types, and cancer cells. Here, we report that NRP1 binds miRNAs with high affinity, and promotes their entry into the cell. Furthermore, the internalized miRNAs remain functional, as they specifically regulate proliferation and migration of cancer cells, as well as tube formation by human endothelial cells. Anti-NRP1 antibodies or NRP1 siRNA knockdown block miRNA effects, further confirming NRP1-mediated uptake. VEGF does not compete with miRNAs for binding to NRP1. In addition, NRP1 binds extracellular AGO2 (carrying miRNA or not), and internalizes AGO2/miRNA complexes. Because miRNA bound to AGO2 appears to the most abundant form in body fluids, this may have important physiological and pathological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Prud'homme
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada
| | - Yelena Glinka
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maulik D, De A, Ragolia L, Evans J, Grigoryev D, Lankachandra K, Mundy D, Muscat J, Gerkovich MM, Ye SQ. Down-regulation of placental neuropilin-1 in fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:279.e1-279.e9. [PMID: 26409917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with adverse outcomes extending from fetal to adult life, and thus, constitutes a major health care challenge. Fetuses with progressive growth restriction show increasing impedance in the umbilical artery flow, which may become absent during end-diastole. Absent end-diastolic flow (AEDF) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes including stillbirths and perinatal asphyxia. Placentas from such pregnancies demonstrate deficient fetoplacental vascular branching. Current evidence, moreover, indicates an antiangiogenic state in maternal circulation in several pregnancy complications including preeclampsia, small-for-gestational-age births, fetal death, and preterm labor. The angiogenic mediators in maternal circulation are predominantly of placental origin. Information, however, on the role of specific proangiogenic and antiangiogenic mechanisms operating at the placental level remains limited. Elucidation of these placenta-specific angiogenic mechanisms will not only extend our understanding of the causal pathway for restricted fetal growth but may also lead to the development of biomarkers that may allow early recognition of FGR. OBJECTIVE We sought to test the hypothesis that fetoplacental angiogenic gene expression is altered in pregnancies complicated with FGR and umbilical artery Doppler AEDF. STUDY DESIGN Placental samples were collected from FGR pregnancies complicated with umbilical artery Doppler AEDF (study group, n = 7), and from uncomplicated pregnancies (control group, n = 7), all delivered by cesarean during the last trimester of pregnancy. Angiogenic oligonucleotide microarray analysis was performed and was corroborated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. The Student t test with Bonferroni correction was used with P < .05 considered statistically significant. Independent groups t test was used to analyze the immunostain intensity scores with a P < .05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS Our microarray results showed that among several differentially expressed angiogenic genes in the growth-restricted group, only the down-regulation of neuropilin (NRP)-1 was most significant (P < .0007). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed a significantly lower NRP-1 gene expression in the FGR group than in the control group (mean ± SD (ˆ)cycle threshold: 0.624 ± 0.55 and 1.325 ± 0.84, respectively, P = .04). Western blot validated significantly lower NRP-1 protein expression in the FGR group than in the control group (mean ± SD NRP-1/β-actin ratio: 0.13 ± 0.04 and 0.34 ± 0.05, respectively, P < .001). Finally, immunohistochemistry of placental villi further corroborated a significantly decreased expression of NRP-1 in the FGR group (P = .006). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated significant down-regulation of placental NRP-1 expression in FGR pregnancies complicated with AEDF in umbilical artery. As NRP-1 is known to promote sprouting angiogenesis, its down-regulation may be involved in the deficient vascular branching observed in FGR placentas suggesting the presence of an antiangiogenic state. Further studies may elucidate such a causal role and may lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Collapse
|
17
|
A novel immunoassay to measure total serum lymphotoxin‐α levels in the presence of an anti-LTα therapeutic antibody. J Immunol Methods 2015; 424:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Lu Y, Meng YG. Quantitation of Circulating Neuropilin-1 in Human, Monkey, Mouse, and Rat Sera by ELISA. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1332:39-48. [PMID: 26285744 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2917-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a single spanning transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for class 3 semaphorins and vascular endothelial growth factors. Naturally occurring soluble NRP1 isoforms containing partial extracellular domain (ECD) have been reported. In addition to soluble NRP1, full-length NRP1 ECD has also been identified in human and animal sera. Here, we describe primate and rodent NRP1 ELISAs that measure total circulating NRP1 including soluble NPR1 and NRP1 ECD in human, monkey, mouse, and rat sera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Lu
- Department of Biochemical & Cellular Pharmacology, Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS 98, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Graziani G, Lacal PM. Neuropilin-1 as Therapeutic Target for Malignant Melanoma. Front Oncol 2015; 5:125. [PMID: 26090340 PMCID: PMC4453476 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for various members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Its ability to bind or modulate the activity of a number of other extracellular ligands, such as class 3 semaphorins, TGF-β, HGF, FGF, and PDGF, has suggested the involvement of NRP-1 in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Actually, this co-receptor has been implicated in axon guidance, angiogenesis, and immune responses. NRP-1 is also expressed in a variety of cancers (prostate, lung, pancreatic, or colon carcinoma, melanoma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and neuroblastoma), suggesting a critical role in tumor progression. Moreover, a growing amount of evidence indicates that NRP-1 might display important functions independently of other VEGF receptors. In particular, in the absence of VEGFR-1/2, NRP-1 promotes melanoma invasiveness, through the activation of selected integrins, by stimulating VEGF-A and metalloproteinases secretion and modulating specific signal transduction pathways. This review is focused on the role of NRP-1 in melanoma aggressiveness and on the evidence supporting its use as target of therapies for metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Circulating soluble neuropilin-1 in patients with early cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia can be used as a valuable diagnostic biomarker. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:506428. [PMID: 25873749 PMCID: PMC4383360 DOI: 10.1155/2015/506428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate soluble neuropilin-1 (sNRP-1) in circulating and NRP-1 protein in cervical tissues from patients with cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods. sNRP-1 was measured in 64 preoperative patients and 20 controls. NRP-1 protein in cervical tissue was detected in 56 patients and 20 controls. Results. Both sNRP-1 and NRP-1 proteins were correlated with stage. sNRP-1 presented a high diagnostic ability of cervical cancer and CIN, with a sensitivity of 70.97% and a specificity of 73.68%. Conclusions. sNRP-1 in circulating can serve as a possible valuable diagnostic biomarker for cervical cancer and CIN.
Collapse
|
21
|
MiR-148a, a microRNA upregulated in the WNT subgroup tumors, inhibits invasion and tumorigenic potential of medulloblastoma cells by targeting Neuropilin 1. Oncoscience 2015; 2:334-48. [PMID: 26097868 PMCID: PMC4468320 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, a common pediatric malignant brain tumor consists of four molecular subgroups viz. WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4. MiR-148a is over-expressed in the WNT subgroup tumors, which have the lowest incidence of metastasis and excellent survival among all medulloblastomas. MiR-148a was expressed either in a transient manner using a synthetic mimic or in a stable doxycycline inducible manner using a lentiviral vector in non-WNT medulloblastoma cell lines. Expression of miR-148a to levels comparable to that in the WNT subgroup tumors was found to inhibit proliferation, clonogenic potential, invasion potential and tumorigenicity of medulloblastoma cells. MiR-148a expression in medulloblastoma cells brought about reduction in the expression of NRP1, a novel miR-148a target. Restoration of NRP1 expression in medulloblastoma cells was found to rescue the reduction in the invasion potential and tumorigenicity brought about by miR-148a expression. NRP1 is known to play role in multiple signaling pathways that promote tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. NRP1 expression in medulloblastomas was found to be associated with poor survival, with little or no expression in majority of the WNT tumors. The tumor suppressive effect of miR-148a expression accompanied by the down-regulation of NRP1 makes miR-148a an attractive therapeutic agent for the treatment of medulloblastomas.
Collapse
|
22
|
Barr MP, Gray SG, Gately K, Hams E, Fallon PG, Davies AM, Richard DJ, Pidgeon GP, O'Byrne KJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine growth factor, signaling through neuropilin-1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:45. [PMID: 25889301 PMCID: PMC4392793 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The VEGF pathway has become an important therapeutic target in lung cancer, where VEGF has long been established as a potent pro-angiogenic growth factor expressed by many types of tumors. While Bevacizumab (Avastin) has proven successful in increasing the objective tumor response rate and in prolonging progression and overall survival in patients with NSCLC, the survival benefit is however relatively short and the majority of patients eventually relapse. The current use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone and in combination with chemotherapy has been underwhelming, highlighting an urgent need for new targeted therapies. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of VEGF-mediated survival in NSCLC cells and the role of the Neuropilin receptors in this process. Methods NSCLC cells were screened for expression of VEGF and its receptors. The effects of recombinant VEGF and its blockade on lung tumor cell proliferation and cell cycle were examined. Phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 proteins was examined by high content analysis and confocal microscopy. The effects of silencing VEGF on cell proliferation and survival signaling were also assessed. A Neuropilin-1 stable-transfected cell line was generated. Cell growth characteristics in addition to pAkt and pErk1/2 signaling were studied in response to VEGF and its blockade. Tumor growth studies were carried out in nude mice following subcutaneous injection of NP1 over-expressing cells. Results Inhibition of the VEGF pathway with anti-VEGF and anti-VEGFR-2 antibodies or siRNA to VEGF, NP1 and NP2 resulted in growth inhibition of NP1 positive tumor cell lines associated with down-regulation of PI3K and MAPK kinase signaling. Stable transfection of NP1 negative cells with NP1 induced proliferation in vitro, which was further enhanced by exogenous VEGF. In vivo, NP1 over-expressing cells significantly increased tumor growth in xenografts compared to controls. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that VEGF is an autocrine growth factor in NSCLC signaling, at least in part, through NP1. Targeting this VEGF receptor may offer potential as a novel therapeutic approach and also support the evaluation of the role of NP1 as a biomarker predicting sensitivity or resistance to VEGF and VEGFR-targeted therapies in the clinical arena. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0310-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Kathy Gately
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Emily Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Anthony Mitchell Davies
- Irish National Centre for High Content Screening & Analysis, School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Derek J Richard
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Graham P Pidgeon
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nasarre P, Gemmill RM, Drabkin HA. The emerging role of class-3 semaphorins and their neuropilin receptors in oncology. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1663-87. [PMID: 25285016 PMCID: PMC4181631 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s37744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins, discovered over 20 years ago, are a large family of secreted or transmembrane and glycophosphatidylinositol -anchored proteins initially identified as axon guidance molecules crucial for the development of the nervous system. It has now been established that they also play important roles in organ development and function, especially involving the immune, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems, and in pathological disorders, including cancer. During tumor progression, semaphorins can have both pro- and anti-tumor functions, and this has created complexities in our understanding of these systems. Semaphorins may affect tumor growth and metastases by directly targeting tumor cells, as well as indirectly by interacting with and influencing cells from the micro-environment and vasculature. Mechanistically, semaphorins, through binding to their receptors, neuropilins and plexins, affect pathways involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Importantly, neuropilins also act as co-receptors for several growth factors and enhance their signaling activities, while class 3 semaphorins may interfere with this. In this review, we focus on the secreted class 3 semaphorins and their neuropilin co-receptors in cancer, including aspects of their signaling that may be clinically relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nasarre
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Uniewicz KA, Ori A, Ahmed YA, Yates EA, Fernig DG. Characterisation of the interaction of neuropilin-1 with heparin and a heparan sulfate mimetic library of heparin-derived sugars. PeerJ 2014; 2:e461. [PMID: 25024924 PMCID: PMC4089425 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a multidomain membrane protein with soluble isoforms interacting with a complex network of other membrane receptors, their respective ligands and heparan sulfate (HS). It is involved in the development of vasculature, neural patterning, immunological responses and pathological angiogenesis. Methods. We have characterised the binding of a Fc fusion of rat NRP-1 (Fc rNRP-1) and of a soluble isoform, corresponding to the first four extracellular domains of human NRP-1, shNRP-1, using optical biosensor-based binding assays with a library of heparin derivatives. Selective labelling of lysines protected upon heparin binding allowed their identification by mass spectrometry. Results. Fc rNRP-1 bound to heparin with high affinity (2.5 nM) and fast ka (9.8 × 10(6) M(-1)s(-1)). Unusually, NRP-1 bound both highly sulfated and completely desulfated stretches of heparin and exhibited a complex pattern of preferences for chemically modified heparins possessing one or two sulfate groups, e.g., it bound heparin with just a 6-O sulfate group better than heparin with any two of N-sulfate, 6-O sulfate and 2-O sulfate. Mass-spectrometry based mapping identified that, in addition to the expected the b1 domain, the a1, and c domains and the L2 linker were also involved in the interaction. In contrast, shNRP-1 bound heparin far more weakly. This could only be shown by affinity chromatography and by differential scanning fluorimetry. Discussion. The results suggest that the interaction of NRP-1 with HS is more complex than anticipated and involving a far greater extent of the protein than just the b1-b2 domains. NRP-1's preference for binding long saccharide structures suggests it has the potential to bind large segments of HS chains and so organise their local structure. In contrast, the four domain soluble isoform, shNRP-1 binds heparin weakly and so would be expected to diffuse away rapidly from the source cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Uniewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
| | - Yassir A Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Adham SAI, Al Harrasi I, Al Haddabi I, Al Rashdi A, Al Sinawi S, Al Maniri A, Ba-Omar T, Coomber BL. Immunohistological insight into the correlation between neuropilin-1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:619-31. [PMID: 24850663 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414538821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) induces malignancy in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is still unknown. This study is the first to demonstrate the relationship between NRP-1 expression and EMT markers vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and Slug. We used tissue microarrays containing the three main subtypes of EOC tumors: serous, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma and representative cases retrieved from our pathology archives. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression levels and location of NRP-1 and the aforementioned EMT proteins. NRP-1 was mainly expressed on cancer cells but not in normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). The Immunoreactive Scoring (IRS) values revealed that the expression of NRP-1, Slug and E-cadherin in the malignant subtypes of ovarian tissues was significantly higher (5.18 ± 0.64, 4.84 ± 0.7, 4.98 ± 0.68, respectively) than their expression in the normal and benign tissues (1.04 ± 0.29, 0.84 ± 0.68, 1.71 ± 0.66, respectively), with no significant differences among the studied subtypes. Vimentin was expressed in the cancer cell component of 43% of tumors and it was exclusively localized in the stroma of all mucinous tumors. The Spearman's rho value indicated that NRP-1 is positively related to the EMT markers E-cadherin and Slug. This notion might indicate that NRP-1 is a partner in the EMT process in EOC tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirin A I Adham
- Department of Biology, College of Science (SAIA, IAH, TBO) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine (IAH, AAR, SAS) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanThe Research Council, Muscat, Oman (AAM)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (BLC)
| | - Ibtisam Al Harrasi
- Department of Biology, College of Science (SAIA, IAH, TBO) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine (IAH, AAR, SAS) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanThe Research Council, Muscat, Oman (AAM)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (BLC)
| | - Ibrahim Al Haddabi
- Department of Biology, College of Science (SAIA, IAH, TBO) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine (IAH, AAR, SAS) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanThe Research Council, Muscat, Oman (AAM)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (BLC)
| | - Afrah Al Rashdi
- Department of Biology, College of Science (SAIA, IAH, TBO) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine (IAH, AAR, SAS) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanThe Research Council, Muscat, Oman (AAM)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (BLC)
| | - Shadia Al Sinawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science (SAIA, IAH, TBO) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine (IAH, AAR, SAS) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanThe Research Council, Muscat, Oman (AAM)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (BLC)
| | - Abdullah Al Maniri
- Department of Biology, College of Science (SAIA, IAH, TBO) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine (IAH, AAR, SAS) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanThe Research Council, Muscat, Oman (AAM)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (BLC)
| | - Taher Ba-Omar
- Department of Biology, College of Science (SAIA, IAH, TBO) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine (IAH, AAR, SAS) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanThe Research Council, Muscat, Oman (AAM)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (BLC)
| | - Brenda L Coomber
- Department of Biology, College of Science (SAIA, IAH, TBO) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine (IAH, AAR, SAS) Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanThe Research Council, Muscat, Oman (AAM)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (BLC)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chaudhary B, Khaled YS, Ammori BJ, Elkord E. Neuropilin 1: function and therapeutic potential in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:81-99. [PMID: 24263240 PMCID: PMC11028473 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for a number of extracellular ligands including class III/IV semaphorins, certain isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor beta. An exact understanding of the role of NRP1 in the immune system has been obscured by the differences in NRP1 expression observed between mice and humans. In mice, NRP1 is selectively expressed on thymic-derived Tregs and greatly enhances immunosuppressive function. In humans, NRP1 is expressed on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) where it aids in priming immune responses and on a subset of T regulatory cells (Tregs) isolated from secondary lymph nodes. Preliminary studies that show NRP1 expression on T cells confers enhanced immunosuppressive activity. However, the mechanism by which this activity is mediated remains unclear. NRP1 expression has also been identified on activated T cells and Tregs isolated from inflammatory microenvironments, suggesting NRP1 might represent a novel T cell activation marker. Of clinical interest, NRP1 may enhance Treg tumour infiltration and a decrease in NRP1+ Tregs correlates with successful chemotherapy, suggesting a specific role for NRP1 in cancer pathology. As a therapeutic target, NRP1 allows simultaneous targeting of NRP1-expressing tumour vasculature, NRP1+ Tregs and pDCs. With the development of anti-NRP1 monoclonal antibodies and cell-penetrating peptides, NRP1 represents a promising new target for cancer therapies. This paper reviews current knowledge on the role and function of NRP1 in Tregs and pDCs, both in physiological and cancer settings, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belal Chaudhary
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Peel Building G25, Manchester, M5 4WT UK
| | - Yazan S. Khaled
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Peel Building G25, Manchester, M5 4WT UK
- Institutes of Cancer, Inflammation & Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Basil J. Ammori
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Peel Building G25, Manchester, M5 4WT UK
- Institutes of Cancer, Inflammation & Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Peel Building G25, Manchester, M5 4WT UK
- Institutes of Cancer, Inflammation & Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xin Y, Li J, Wu J, Kinard R, Weekes CD, Patnaik A, Lorusso P, Brachmann R, Tong RK, Yan Y, Watts R, Bai S, Hegde PS. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of circulating biomarkers of anti-NRP1, a novel antiangiogenesis agent, in two phase I trials in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:6040-8. [PMID: 22962439 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MNRP1685A is a monoclonal antibody to neuropilin-1 (NRP1). We evaluated blood-based pharmacodynamic biomarkers of MNRP1685A in two phase I studies to assess exposure/response relationships to inform target dose and regimen selection. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The phase I studies evaluated escalating doses of MNRP1685A as a single agent or in combination with bevacizumab. Plasma placental growth factor (PlGF), VEGF, and circulating NRP1 (cNRP1) were evaluated at multiple time points using meso-scale discovery (MSD) assays and ELISA, respectively. Plasma PlGF was also measured in a phase I/II trial of bevacizumab in metastatic breast cancer (AVF0776). The association between PlGF and MNRP1685A dose was described by a sigmoid E(max) model. cNRP1 and MNRP1685A PK profiles were described using a two-target quasi-steady state (QSS) model. RESULTS A dose- and time-dependent increase in plasma PlGF and cNRP1 was observed in all patients treated with MNRP1685A. PK/PD analysis showed that bevacizumab and MNRP1685A had an additive effect in elevating PlGF. Predictions based on the two-target QSS model showed that the free drug concentration to maintain greater than 90% saturation of membrane NRP1 (mNRP1) and cNRP1 is about 8 μg/mL. CONCLUSION These data show that MNRP1685A inhibits the VEGF pathway in humans as assessed by an increase in plasma PlGF. MNRP1685A seems to enhance bevacizumab-mediated VEGF pathway blockade, as showed by an increase in the magnitude of PlGF elevation when combined with bevacizumab. PK/PD analysis of biomarkers in the phase I population allowed identification of doses at which apparent maximal pathway modulation was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xin
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sharma A, Verhaagen J, Harvey AR. Receptor complexes for each of the Class 3 Semaphorins. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:28. [PMID: 22783168 PMCID: PMC3389612 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Class 3 Semaphorins (Sema3s) are a sub-family of proteins whose known biological roles are varied and growing. The mechanism of action of the Sema3s requires binding to transmembrane receptors that comprise heteromeric complexes of Neuropilins, Plexins and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). However, knowledge of the receptor components of the Sema3s remains incomplete, and there may be receptor components which are as yet undiscovered. The receptor complexes of the Sema3s share receptor components with each other, and it is the specific combination of these components within a heteromeric complex that is thought to give rise to selective binding and signalling for individual Sema3s. This crosstalk makes it experimentally difficult to define a single holoreceptor for each Sema3. Furthermore, the receptor composition for a given Sema3 may differ between cell types, and change as a function of developmental state or pathological situation. Nevertheless, there are at least some known differences in the constitutive structure of the receptors for the Sema3s. For example in neural cells, Sema3a and Sema3f signal through different Neuropilins (Nrp1 and Nrp2 respectively) and L1cam only appears important for Sema3a signaling, while Nrcam forms a complex with Nrp2. Further complexity arises from crosstalk of other families of ligands (e.g., VEGF) with Sema3 receptor components. Thus the Sema3s, which have been shown as antagonists for each other, can also act as antagonists for other families of molecules. This review compiles experimental evidence describing the receptor components for the Sema3s, detailing the current state of knowledge of which components are important for signaling of each Sema3 before going on to consider possible future directions for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Sharma
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xin Y, Bai S, Damico-Beyer LA, Jin D, Liang WC, Wu Y, Theil FP, Joshi A, Lu Y, Lowe J, Maia M, Brachmann RK, Xiang H. Anti-neuropilin-1 (MNRP1685A): unexpected pharmacokinetic differences across species, from preclinical models to humans. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2512-21. [PMID: 22707361 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of MNRP1685A, a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) against neuropilin-1 (NRP1), in mice, rats, monkeys, and cancer patients from a Phase I study to model with parallel linear and nonlinear clearances. METHODS Binding characteristics of MNRP1685A in different species were evaluated using surface plasmon resonance technology. PK profiles of MNRP1685A after single and/or multiple doses in different species were analyzed using population analysis. PK parameters were compared across species. RESULTS MNRP1685A binds to NRP1 in all four species tested. Consistent with the wide expression of NRP1, MNRP1685A demonstrated pronounced non-linear PK over a wide dose range. PK profiles are best described by a two-compartment model with parallel linear and nonlinear clearances. Model-derived PK parameters suggest similar in-vivo target expression levels and binding affinity to target across all species tested. However, compared to typical human/humanized mAbs, non-specific clearance of MNRP1685A was faster in mice, rats, and humans (60.3, 19.4, and 8.5 ml/day/kg), but not in monkeys (3.22 ml/day/kg). CONCLUSIONS Monkey PK properly predicted the target-mediated clearance of MNRP1685A but underestimated its non-specific clearance in humans. This unique PK property warrants further investigation of underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xin
- Department of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of MNRP1685A in cynomolgus monkeys using two-target quasi-steady-state (QSS) model. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2012; 39:217-26. [PMID: 22382554 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-012-9244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
MNRP1685A (anti-NRP1) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a protein necessary for blood vessel maturation. MNRP1685A binds to free membrane-bound NRP1 (mNRP1) and circulating NRP1 (cNRP1). Total cNRP1 increased in a dose-dependent manner following anti-NRP1 administration in mice, rats, and monkeys. The purpose of this study is to develop a mechanism-based model to simultaneously describe the kinetics of both unbound drug (MNRP1685A) and total cNRP1 in cynomolgus monkeys. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles after single- or multiple-dose administrations were well described by the two-target quasi-steady-state (QSS) model. The estimated nonspecific clearance was 3.26 mL/day/kg and central compartment volume was 38.2 mL/kg. The maximum elimination rate for mNRP1-mediated disposition was 98.8 nM/day. The synthesis rate (3.8 nM/day), degradation rate constant (1.53 day(-1)), and complex elimination rate constant (0.260 day(-1)) for cNRP1 were also derived from the model. QSS constants were 6.94 nM for mNRP1 and 2.8 nM for cNRP1. The results suggest that cNRP1 has minimal effect on MNRP1685A PK while mNRP1 plays a major role in the target-mediated drug disposition. This finding is favorable as the desired pharmacological target is mNRP1, rather than cNRP1. The two-target QSS model provides mechanistic understanding of the nonlinear PK of MNRP1685A. Based on the model prediction, the free drug concentrations to maintain free mNRP1 and cNRP1 below 10% of baseline level are 10 and 20 μg/mL, respectively. This serves as a target concentration for clinical dose selection, assuming cynomolgus monkeys are predictive for humans.
Collapse
|
31
|
Jubb AM, Strickland LA, Liu SD, Mak J, Schmidt M, Koeppen H. Neuropilin-1 expression in cancer and development. J Pathol 2011; 226:50-60. [PMID: 22025255 DOI: 10.1002/path.2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilin (NRP)-1 is a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Preclinical data suggest that blockade of NRP1 suppresses tumour growth by inhibiting angiogenesis, in addition to directly inhibiting tumour cell proliferation in certain models. A humanized monoclonal antibody to NRP1 is currently being evaluated as a potential anti-cancer therapy in clinical trials. However, the expression of NRP1 in cancer and physiological angiogenesis has yet to be systematically described. Here we characterize the in situ expression of NRP1 in human cancer and during mammalian development. A monoclonal antibody to human NRP1 was generated and validated for immunohistochemistry by western blotting, use of formalin-fixed cell pellets transfected with NRP1, immunofluorescence, and comparison with in situ hybridization. NRP1 expression was assessed in whole sections of 65 primary breast carcinomas, 95 primary colorectal adenocarcinomas, and 90 primary lung carcinomas. An additional 59 human metastases, 16 xenografts, and three genetically engineered mouse tumour models were also evaluated. Immunoreactivity for NRP1 was seen in vessels from normal tissues adjacent to cancer and in 98-100% of carcinomas. Tumour cell expression of NRP1 was also observed in 36% of primary lung carcinomas and 6% of primary breast carcinomas, but no colorectal adenocarcinomas. NRP1 was evaluated in mouse embryos, where expression was limited to the nervous system, endocardium, vascular smooth muscle, and, focally, endothelium on subsets of vessels. Moreover, in a model of VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in the postnatal mouse trachea, blockade of NRP1 signalling resulted in defective angiogenesis and recapitulated the effects of anti-VEGF treatment. These observations confirm NRP1 as a valid anti-angiogenic target in malignancy, and as a potential direct anti-tumour target in a subset of cancers. The data also confirm a role for NRP1 in physiological, VEGF-mediated angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Jubb
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|