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Yashmi F, Fakhri S, Shiri Varnamkhasti B, Amin MN, Khirehgesh MR, Mohammadi-Noori E, Hosseini M, Khan H. Defining the mechanisms behind the hepatoprotective properties of curcumin. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2331-2351. [PMID: 38837048 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
As a critical cause of human dysfunctionality, hepatic failure leads to approximately two million deaths per year and is on the rise. Considering multiple inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic mechanisms behind hepatotoxicity, it urges the need for finding novel multi-targeting agents. Curcumin is a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic roles. Curcumin possesses auspicious health benefits and protects against several diseases with exceptional safety and tolerability. This review focused on the hepatoprotective mechanisms of curcumin. The need to develop novel delivery systems of curcumin (e.g., nanoparticles, self-micro emulsifying, lipid-based colloids, solid lipid nanoparticles, cyclodextrin inclusion, phospholipid complexes, and nanoemulsions) is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinam Yashmi
- Department of Pharmacy, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Behrang Shiri Varnamkhasti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammed Namiq Amin
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khirehgesh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mohammadi-Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hosseini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Das D, Banerjee A, Manna K, Sarkar D, Shil A, Sikdar Ne E Bhakta M, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Quercetin counteracts monosodium glutamate to mitigate immunosuppression in the thymus and spleen via redox-guided cellular signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155226. [PMID: 38387276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation brought on by oxidative stress can result in several immunopathologies. Natural compounds with antioxidant characteristics, like quercetin, have shown effectiveness in reducing oxidative damage and regulating the immune response. PURPOSE The commonly used food additive monosodium glutamate (M) causes immunosuppression by disrupting redox equilibrium and inducing oxidative stress. The goal of this work is to examine the therapeutic potential of quercetin against immunotoxicity brought on by M, revealing the molecular route implicated in such immunopathology by targeting the thymus and spleen, to support the development of future anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS M-fed rats were employed as an immunotoxicity model and were supplemented with quercetin for four weeks. Hematological and biochemical parameters were measured; H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blotting were performed. RESULTS Based on the findings, TLR4 was activated by M to cause oxidative stress-mediated inflammation, which was alleviated by the supplementation of quercetin by modulating redox homeostasis to neutralize free radicals and suppress the inflammatory response. To prevent M-induced inflammation, quercetin demonstrated anti-inflammatory functions by blocking NF-kB activation, lowering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. By normalizing lipid profiles and lowering the potential risk of immunological deficiency caused by M, quercetin also improves lipid metabolism. Additionally, it has shown potential for modifying insulin levels, suggesting a possible function in controlling M-induced alteration in glucose metabolism. The addition of quercetin to M enhanced the immune response by improving immunoglobulin levels and CD4/CD8 expression in the thymus and spleen. Additionally, quercetin inhibited apoptosis by controlling mitochondrial caspase-mediated cellular signaling, suggesting that it may be able to halt cell death in M-fed rats. CONCLUSION The results of this study first indicate that quercetin, via modulating redox-guided cellular signaling, has a promising role in reducing immune disturbances. This study illuminates the potential of quercetin as a safe, natural remedy for immunopathology caused by M, including thymic hypoplasia and/or splenomegaly, and paves the way for future anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Das
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Deotima Sarkar
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Aparna Shil
- Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics Laboratory, Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata-700073, India
| | - Mausumi Sikdar Ne E Bhakta
- Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics Laboratory, Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata-700073, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India.
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Elmoslemany AM, Elzallat M, Abd-Elfatah MH, Mohammed DM, Elhady EE. Possible therapeutic effect of frankincense (Gum olibanum) and myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) resins extracts on DEN/CCL4 induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS 2024; 4:100517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
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El Sayed SM. Al-Hijamah (Prophetic Wet Cupping Therapy) is a Novel Adjuvant Treatment for Viral Hepatitis That Excretes Viral Particles and Excess Ferritin Percutaneously, Synergizes Pharmacotherapy, Enhances Antiviral Immunity and Helps Better HCC Prevention and Treatment: A Novel Evidence-Based Combination with Prophetic Medicine Remedies. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1527-1546. [PMID: 37727876 PMCID: PMC10505647 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s409526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis progresses to liver cirrhosis and HCC. Several challenges are facing Sovaldi treatment to viral C hepatitis, eg, viral resistance, difficulty to treat all genotypes, and inability to access treatments in low-income countries. Also, current treatments to Hepatitis B are still challenging. Ideal treatments to viral hepatitis should decrease the viral load, enhance antiviral immunity and repair the viruses-induced tissue damage. That is still beyond reach. High serum ferritin in viral hepatitis correlates with chronicity, increased necro-inflammation, hepatotoxicity, progression to cirrhosis, progression to HCC, unresponsiveness to treatments and viremia. Previously, Al-hijamah (wet cupping therapy of prophetic medicine) significantly cleared thalassemic children of causative pathological substances (CPS), eg, excess ferritin, free radicals and serum lipids. Moreover, Al-hijamah significantly increased the antioxidant power and potentiated the natural antiviral immunity, eg, increasing CD4 count, CD8 count and CD4/CD8 ratio. Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him said: "If there is a benenvolence (benefit) in any of your medicines, benefit will be in shrtat mihjam (Al-hijamah), honey drink, and a stinge of fire compatible with disease and I do not like to cauterize". Likewise, the author suggests Al-hijamah as a novel promising adjuvant treatment for viral hepatitis (B and C) for percutaneous excretion of CPS as hepatitis viral particles, excess ferritin, inflammatory mediators, free radicals, and antigen-antibody complexes. Published reports proved that Al-hijamah exerted tissue-protective effects, and cleared blood through the fenestrated skin capillaries in a pressure-dependent and size-dependent manner (a kidney-like manner). That collectively may decrease the viral load for better HCC prevention and supports the evidence-based Taibah theory (Taibah mechanism). Same therapeutic benefits apply to other viral illnesses as AIDS. Even after HCC development, Al-hijamah is quite mandatory for excretion and clearance of CPS that favor malignancy, eg, lactate (Warburg effect), growth factors, metalloproteinases, and others. Al-hijamah-induced immune potentiation benefits HCC patients. Combining Al-hijamah with other natural antioxidant remedies of prophetic medicine, eg, nigella sativa, costus, natural honey, Zamzam water and others will maximize the therapeutic benefits. In conclusion, Al-hijamah and other prophetic medicine remedies are recommended adjuvants to current pharmacological treatments to viral hepatitis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Mohamed El Sayed
- Al-Hijamah Clinic, Medical University Center, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- Prophetic Medicine Course & Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Mehany ABM, Farrag IM, Diab M, Ghoneim MM, El-Sherbiny M, Al-Serwi RH, Amin AH, Belal A, Shaaban S, Abdelhady AA. Curcumin and vitamin C improve immunity of kidney via gene expression against diethyl nitrosamine induced nephrotoxicity in rats:In vivo and molecular docking studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14126. [PMID: 36923841 PMCID: PMC10008980 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney has a crucial role in immunity, so any toxicity occurs for the kidney will result in reduced immunity. The aim of this study is to improve the immune response of insufficient kidneys through immune-related genes. Diethyl Nitrosamine has been used to cause kidney damage in animal models, vitamin C and curcumin have been used to treat impaired kidney. Renal function (urea, uric acid and creatinine) and oxidative stress parameters (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase) will be evaluated in this research work. Molecular docking also will be performed to investigate the role of vitamin C and curcumin in targeting immune response proteins. Also, Complementary component 3, Lipocalin-2, Toll-like receptor 2,Toll-like receptor 4, Kidney injury molecule-1, Interleukin 6, Interleukin-10, Tumor necrosis factor and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases will be investigated. The obtained results showed that vitamin C and curcumin have good effects in the treatment of impaired kidneys, this was also observed in renal function and oxidative stress parameters, expression levels of proteins and histopathological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B M Mehany
- Department of zoology Faculty of science Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam M Farrag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Diab
- Anatomy and embryology Department faculty of medicine Al-Azhar university,cairo, Egypt
- Basic medical science, Faculty of applied medical sciences, university of tabuk saudi arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah13713, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh, 11597, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Belal
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099,Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Shaaban
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of pharmacySuef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alsayed A Abdelhady
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Low Dose of BPA Induces Liver Injury through Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Long-Evans Lactating Rats and Its Perinatal Effect on Female PND6 Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054585. [PMID: 36902016 PMCID: PMC10002922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a phenolic compound used in plastics elaboration for food protection or packaging. BPA-monomers can be released into the food chain, resulting in continuous and ubiquitous low-dose human exposure. This exposure during prenatal development is especially critical and could lead to alterations in ontogeny of tissues increasing the risk of developing diseases in adulthood. The aim was to evaluate whether BPA administration (0.036 mg/kg b.w./day and 3.42 mg/kg b.w./day) to pregnant rats could induce liver injury by generating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and whether these effects may be observed in female postnatal day-6 (PND6) offspring. Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GR, GPx and GST), glutathione system (GSH/GSSG) and lipid-DNA damage markers (MDA, LPO, NO, 8-OHdG) were measured using colorimetric methods. Inducers of oxidative stress (HO-1d, iNOS, eNOS), inflammation (IL-1β) and apoptosis (AIF, BAX, Bcl-2 and BCL-XL) were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting in liver of lactating dams and offspring. Hepatic serum markers and histology were performed. Low dose of BPA caused liver injury in lactating dams and had a perinatal effect in female PND6 offspring by increasing oxidative stress levels, triggering an inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways in the organ responsible for detoxification of this endocrine disruptor.
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7
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Effect of gambogenic acid in attenuating diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat model. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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8
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Hamza RA, Mostafa I, Mohamed YS, Dora GA, Ateya AM, Abdelaal M, Fantoukh OI, Alqahtani A, Attia RA. Bioguided isolation of potential antitumor agents from the aerial parts of cultivated cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus var. altilis). Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:125-134. [PMID: 36685304 PMCID: PMC9845127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide; therefore, searching for an effective treatment for this illness is of great importance. In the present work, in vitro cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Cynara cardunculus L. against human liver carcinoma cells (Hep G2) was tested. Additionally, the antitumor activity of the extract was confirmed using chemically induced rat liver carcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Moreover, bioguided fractionation and column chromatographic separation of the active compounds were carried out. The extract of C. cardunculus showed a promising cytotoxic activity according to the protocols of the National Cancer Institute. Bioguided chromatographic separation of the ethanol extract of C. cardunculus led to the isolation of seven secondary metabolites including two sesquiterpene lactones as the principal active components of the methylene chloride soluble fraction, grosheimin (IC50 = 7.49 µg/mL) and cynaropicrin (IC50 = 13.9 µg/mL). The compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as EI-MS, IR and NMR. Additionally, in silico analysis of the two active compounds revealed their ability to bind with caspase-3 via hydrogen bonds interactions to initiate apoptosis of cancer cells. The results shed the light on the significance of C. cardunculus as a potential source of antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Hamza
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Islam Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmin S. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Dora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Monem Ateya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelaal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omer I. Fantoukh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding authors.
| | - Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha A. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt,Corresponding authors.
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9
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Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Exposure to environmental pollutant bisphenol A causes oxidative damage and lipid accumulation in Zebrafish larvae: Protective role of WL15 peptide derived from cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23223. [PMID: 36106391 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to obesity causing Bisphenol A in various ways, especially through diet and food containers. Bioactive peptides are already reported to have antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity properties, which can mimic the role of mediators involved in obesity prevention. The protective effect of a short molecule or peptide, WL15 from cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 of a teleost of aquatic resource on Bisphenol A (BPA)-induced lipid accumulation in zebrafish larvae was investigated. BPA exposure disrupted the antioxidant enzymes, apoptosis, and nitric oxide and led to changes in biochemical markers including alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione. However, WL15 inhibited the overproduction of oxidative stress, which correlates with its lipid-lowering potential. BPA-induced lipid accumulation in zebrafish showed an increase in triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose level; simultaneously, WL15 treatment significantly reduced such accumulation in zebrafish. Evidenced by Oil red O staining and Nile red assay, WL15 inhibited lipid accumulation. At the same time, WL15 at 50 µM increases 2-(N-[7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl]amino)-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2NBDG) glucose uptake in zebrafish. In addition, gene expression studies in zebrafish larvae demonstrated that the WL15 peptide could play a crucial role in preventing lipid accumulation by downregulating the expression of lipogenesis-specific genes. These results revealed an interesting and novel property of WL15, suggesting its potential application in preventing lipid accumulation through the hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122012. [PMID: 36556233 PMCID: PMC9781370 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Various epidemiological studies suggest that oxidative stress and disrupted neuronal function are mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and eventually, cell death such as NDs can be induced by nitrosamine-related compounds, leading to neurodegeneration. A limited number of studies have reported that exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), which is commonly found in processed/preserved foods, causes biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Artichoke leaves have been used in traditional medicine as a beneficial source of bioactive components such as hydroxycinnamic acids, cynarine, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin). The aim of this study is to investigate the favorable effects of exogenous artichoke (Cynara scolymus) methanolic leaf extract supplementation in ameliorating DEN-induced deleterious effects in BALB/c mouse brains. (2) Methods: This study was designed to evaluate DEN (toxicity induction by 100 mg/kg) and artichoke (protective effects of 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg treatment) for 14 days. All groups underwent a locomotor activity test to evaluate motor activity. In brain tissue, oxidative stress indicators (TAC, TOS, and MDA), Klotho and PPARγ levels, and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. Brain slices were also examined histopathologically. (3) Results: Artichoke effectively ameliorated DEN-induced toxicity with increasing artichoke dose. Impaired motor function and elevated oxidative stress markers (decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing TAC level) induced by DEN intoxication were markedly restored by high-dose artichoke treatment. Artichoke significantly improved the levels of Klotho and PPARγ, which are neuroprotective factors, in mouse brain tissue exposed to DEN. In addition, caspase-3 and Bax levels were reduced, whereas the Bcl-2 level was elevated with artichoke treatment. Furthermore, recovery was confirmed by histopathological analysis. (4) Conclusions: Artichoke exerted neuroprotective effects against DEN-induced brain toxicity by mitigating oxidant parameters and exerting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Further research is needed to fully identify the favorable impact of artichoke supplementation on all aspects of DEN brain intoxication.
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Abdualmjid RJ, Sergi CM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Induction of Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines by Thymoquinone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314669. [PMID: 36498999 PMCID: PMC9737800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), a plant-based bioactive constituent derived from the volatile oil of Nigella sativa, has been shown to possess some anti-neoplastic activities. The present study aimed to investigate the mitochondria and apoptosis observed when TQ is applied against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and cholangiocarcinoma (HuCCT1) cells, two of the most common primary tumors of the liver. All cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of TQ for varying durations. The anti-proliferative effect of TQ was measured using the methoxyphenyl-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and resulted in dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition in both cell lines. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and assessment of mitochondria viability by morphology assessment and evaluation of the mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated. The present study confirms that TQ caused cell cycle arrest at different phases and induced apoptosis in both cell lines. A systematic review of rodent animal models was also carried out. Overall, our data seem to represent the most robust results, suggesting that TQ possesses promising therapeutic potential as an anti-tumor agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem J. Abdualmjid
- Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Anatomic Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-7600 (ext. 2427); Fax: +1-613-738-4837
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The efficacy of applying some plants and herbs in cancer therapy for humans and animals – a comperhensive review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer is a challenging ailment and represents the main reason for death worldwide for humans and animals. Although great developments have hindered cancer progression, several adverse effects are associated with modern chemotherapy. Natural remedies, such as the usage of medicinal plant or their products in cancer treatment, may decrease prejudicial side properties. Recently, the modern research scheme and innovative screening practices for herbs or plants have enabled phytochemical discovery for the prevention and treatment of cancer. This criticism highlights herbs such as acacia, basil, black seeds, cedar, castus, ficus, garlic, ginger, indigo, onion, pomegranate, quince, and thyme, promising anticancer effects. The present review also revealed the mode of action of each herb as anticancer effects at level in vitro and in vivo studies. The item also totalizes the vital mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in preventing cancer diseases. This will fill the investigate gap in the exploration of using natural molecules and encourage researchers in clinical trials of anticancer agents from herbs for humans and animals.
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Chemopreventive Efficacy of Thymoquinone in Chemically Induced Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis in Rat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6276768. [PMID: 36158887 PMCID: PMC9499785 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6276768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of thymoquinone (TQ) in a carcinogen-based models of urinary bladder cancer were evaluated, using 45 male rats in five groups. In negative control (
), only tap water was given. In positive control (
), the rats received 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water for 9 weeks. In preventive groups with 25 mg/kg (
) and 50 mg/kg (
), oral TQ was concurrently given with 0.05% BBN for 9 weeks and continued for one more week after cessation of BBN. Preventive-treatment group (
) received 50 mg/kg TQ orally for 20 weeks. Five rats from each group were sequentially sacrificed in two phases: the induction phase at 12th week (except the last group) and the rest in postinduction phase at 20th week. The bladders were examined macroscopically for lesion formation, and the masses were submitted for histopathological evaluation. Markers for total oxidant status (TOS), inflammation (nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)), and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) were also assessed. There was a reduced number of bladder lesions in the TQ groups versus the carcinogen group at both phases. Histopathological findings demonstrated a significant improvement in the abnormal morphological changes in the urothelium of the TQ-treated groups. Thymoquinone exerted a significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect by a decrease in serum level of TOS and NF-κB at week 12 which was maintained low in phase two at week 20. The serum level of VEGF was also alleviated in the induction phase at week 12 and maintained low in postinduction period. In TQ preventive-treatment approach, a nonsignificant elevation of serum level of TOS and NF-κB and slight reduction in VEGF were observed at the end of the experiment. These data suggest that TQ may be effective in preventing bladder carcinogenesis, and the suggested mechanisms might be related to antioxidant, prooxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of TQ.
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Alam M, Hasan GM, Ansari MM, Sharma R, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. Therapeutic implications and clinical manifestations of thymoquinone. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113213. [PMID: 35472482 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural phytochemical predominantly found in Nigella sativa, has been investigated for its numerous health benefits. TQ showed anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, validated in various disease models. The anti-cancer potential of TQ is goverened by anti-proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, ROS production, anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of cell migration and invasion action. Additionally, TQ exhibited antitumor activity via the modulation of multiple pathways and molecular targets, including Akt, ERK1/2, STAT3, and NF-κB. The present review highlighted the anticancer potential of TQ . We summarize the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of TQ, focusing on its molecular targets and its promising action in cancer therapy. We further described the molecular mechanisms by which TQ prevents signaling pathways that mediate cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Meraj Ansari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City, 21924, South Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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15
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Ibrahim S, Fahim SA, Tadros SA, Badary OA. Suppressive effects of thymoquinone on the initiation stage of diethylnitrosamine hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23078. [PMID: 35437842 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Chemoprevention is the most effective technique for reducing HCC incidence. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities against various cancers. Therefore, TQ was tested as an inhibitor of the initial phase of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were randomly placed into four equal groups. Group 1 received saline and acted as the negative control; Group 2 received TQ; Group 3 received DEN; and Group 4 received TQ for 7 days and DEN on the 8th day. After 24 h of fasting, blood samples were taken from the slaughtered rats. Additionally, each rat's liver was dissected and separated into two halves for histological and biochemical investigation. DEN-induced hepatotoxicity was detected by elevated hepatic enzymes and HCC biomarkers reduced antioxidant and proapoptotic statuses. DEN administration caused a significant increase in the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, caspase-3, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), AFPL3, glypican 3, and the expression of BAX. However, DEN significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and CYP2E1 and the expression of BCl-2. Furthermore, it caused histological changes and showed a strong positive GSH S-transferase P expression in the hepatic parenchyma. Pretreatment with TQ prevented the histopathological and most of the biochemical changes and improved the antioxidant status. TQ supplementation appears to suppress the development of DEN-initiated liver cancer by reducing oxidative stress, activating the intrinsic mitotic apoptosis pathway, and retaining the antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Sally A Fahim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samer A Tadros
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Osama A Badary
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Isatin Counteracts Diethylnitrosamine/2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Male Wistar Rats by Upregulating Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Detoxification Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040699. [PMID: 35453384 PMCID: PMC9027254 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents around 85% of all known types of liver cancers and is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The current study assessed the preventive efficacy of isatin on diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar rats and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. HCC was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of DENA (150 mg/kg/week) for two weeks, followed by oral 2-AAF (20 mg/kg) every other day for three successive weeks. Oral isatin or vehicle (control) was administered at 25 mg/kg for 20 weeks during and following HCC induction. Isatin ameliorated the deleterious effects of DENA/2-AAF on liver function as evidenced by reduced serum levels of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, albumin, and liver tumor biomarkers (CA19.9 and AFP) compared to control DENA/2-AAF-treated rats. Histopathological evaluations demonstrated that isatin-mediated protection against hepatocarcinogenesis was accompanied by a decline in hepatic lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative stress, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase expression. Isatin treatment also upregulated expression of the major stress-response transcription factor Nrf2 and the detoxifying enzymes NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase and glutathione-S-transferase alpha 2 and downregulated expression of the proliferation marker Ki67. Moreover, isatin significantly reduced the DENA/2-AAF-induced decrease in hepatic expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and the DENA/2-AAF-induced increases in pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic factors (TNF-α, NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, p53, and caspase 3). Thus, it can be concluded that isatin may protect against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing cellular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification mechanisms, in part through upregulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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17
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Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Enhalus acoroides against Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Albino Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2597-2617. [PMID: 35106713 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most cause of death among the various cancers worldwide. Recent research searching an alternative therapy for cancer treatment without or less side effects. Many studies indicated the beneficial effects of Enhalus acoroides. There has been no scientific validation on antioxidant and chemopreventive potential of ethanolic extract E. acoroides against hepatoma. To assess the hepatoprotective activity of E. acoroides (EEEA) against DEN-induced hepatoma using Wistar albino rats. Animals were distributed into five groups, each containing six rats. To Group I - control rats - normal saline given. Groups II, III, IV and V rats were injection of DEN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight i.p. to induce liver cancer. At the commencement of 6th week, Group III rats supplemented with EEEA at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day upto 16 weeks. Group IV rats supplemented with EEEA for 1 week before the administration of DEN and continued till the sixteenth week. Group V supplementation of silymarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight at the beginning of 6th week after the injection of DEN and continued upto 16 weeks and considered as positive control rats. The efficiency of E. acoroides for its antioxidant hepatoprotective and activity evaluated in rats against DEN-induced liver damage. The hepatoprotective ability of EEEA at a dose of 200 mg/kg was examined against DEN at a dose of 100 mg/kg/b.w. induced hepatotoxicity and analysed by evaluating serum liver and kidney marker levels, lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol) and serum tumour markers (DNA, RNA, AFP and CEA). Supplementation of EEEA to DEN treated rats was determined by evaluating various antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, Vit E and Vit C). Histopathological studies and morphometric gross analysis were also support the consequences of this study. A significant improvement of antioxidant defence and declined MDA levels within the serum of EEEA treated animals compared to the DEN-induced hepatoma. The supplementation of EEEA declined the serum liver, kidney and serum tumour marker levels and lipid profile as comparatively to Group I rats. The histopathological changes were changed on supplementation of EEEA demonstrating its protecting effects on hepatocytes as comparatively to Group I rats. Our significances recognized that crude extract (ethanol) of E. acoroides revealed a potential impact against DEN-induced hepatoma and assists as a superior choice for chemopreventive treatments.
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18
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Çomaklı S, Kandemir FM, Küçükler S, Özdemir S. Morin mitigates ifosfamide induced nephrotoxicity by regulation of NF-kappaB/p53 and Bcl-2 expression. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:423-432. [PMID: 35037524 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.2021449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ifosfamide (IFO) is used for treating childhood solid tumors, but its use is limited by its adverse effects on kidneys. Morin may be used to prevent nephrotoxic and other side effects. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of morin on IFO induced nephrotoxicity. We used 35 male rats divided into five groups of seven: control group, morin group, IFO group, 100 mg/kg morin + IFO group and 200 mg/kg morin + IFO group. We measured kidney tissue oxidant, antioxidant and inflammatory parameters using ELISA, and apoptosis was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and real time PCR. Serum urea, creatinine and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels were increased by IFO treatment; elevated levels were decreased significantly by treatment with both 100 and 200 mg/kg morin. Morin treatment also decreased oxidative stress and lipid oxidation in IFO treated rats. The ameliorative effect of morin on inflammatory response was due to reduced levels of NF-κB and TNF-α. Morin also reduced NF-κB/p53 levels by increasing Bcl-2 expression in IFO treated kidneys. Morin may prevent IFO induced nephrotoxicity via the NF-κB/p53 and Bcl-2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Çomaklı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Özdemir
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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19
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Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Prevention and Progression through the Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010079. [PMID: 35010954 PMCID: PMC8746460 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained considerable attention in various areas of cancer research due to its role in driving a loss of immune surveillance and enabling rapid advanced tumor development and progression. The TME plays an integral role in driving advanced aggressive breast cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a pivotal mediator for tumor cells to communicate with the surrounding cells via lymphatic and circulatory systems. Furthermore, the TME plays a significant role in all steps and stages of carcinogenesis by promoting and stimulating uncontrolled cell proliferation and protecting tumor cells from the immune system. Various cellular components of the TME work together to drive cancer processes, some of which include tumor-associated adipocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils which sustain perpetual amplification and release of pro-inflammatory molecules such as cytokines. Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural chemical component from black cumin seed, is widely used traditionally and now in clinical trials for the treatment/prevention of multiple types of cancer, showing a potential to mitigate components of TME at various stages by various pathways. In this review, we focus on the role of TME in TNBC cancer progression and the effect of TQ on the TME, emphasizing their anticipated role in the prevention and treatment of TNBC. It was concluded from this review that the multiple components of the TME serve as a critical part of TNBC tumor promotion and stimulation of uncontrolled cell proliferation. Meanwhile, TQ could be a crucial compound in the prevention and progression of TNBC therapy through the modulation of the TME.
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20
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Abdelhamid AM, Saber S, Youssef ME, Gaafar AGA, Eissa H, Abd-Eldayem MA, Alqarni M, Batiha GES, Obaidullah AJ, Shahien MA, El-Ahwany E, Amin NA, Etman MA, Kaddah MMY, Abd El-Fattah EE. Empagliflozin adjunct with metformin for the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma progression: Emerging approach for new application. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112455. [PMID: 34844106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise worldwide, and its incidence in diabetic patients is two to three times that of non-diabetics. Current therapeutic options fail to provide considerable survival benefits to patients with HCC. There is a strong possibility that the FDA-approved antidiabetic combination of empagliflozin and metformin could show complementary effects to control HCC progression. However, their multitarget effects have not yet been studied on HCC development. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the antitumorigenic activity of this combination in non-diabetic mice with diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC. Empagliflozin/metformin combination prolonged survival and improved histological features of mice livers. Additionally, Empagliflozin/metformin showed anti-inflammatory potential and relieved oxidative stress. On the one hand these effects are likely attributed to the ability of metformin to inactivate NF-κB in an AMPK-dependent mechanism and on the other hand to the ability of the empagliflozin to inhibit the MAPKs, p38 and ERK1/2. Empagliflozin also showed a less robust effect on AMPK than that of metformin. Moreover, empagliflozin enhanced the autophagy inducing activity of metformin. Furthermore, empagliflozin/metformin exhibited increased apoptotic potential. Consequently, empagliflozin augmented the antitumorigenic function of metformin by exerting better control of angiogenesis, and metastasis. To conclude, our findings suggest empagliflozin as an ideal adjunct to metformin for the inhibition of HCC progression. In addition, since the incidence of hypoglycemia is minimal due to insulin-independent mechanism of action of both treatments, empagliflozin/metformin could be a promising therapeutic modality for the management of diabetic patients with HCC; and even non diabetic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gaafar Ahmed Gaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Hanan Eissa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Abd-Eldayem
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Awad Shahien
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eman El-Ahwany
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A Amin
- Department of Hematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Etman
- Research and Development, Department of Drug Stability, Safe Pharma, Pharco Pharmaceuticals, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Y Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eslam E Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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21
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Alarcón-Sánchez BR, Pérez-Carreón JI, Villa-Treviño S, Arellanes-Robledo J. Molecular alterations that precede the establishment of the hallmarks of cancer: An approach on the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114818. [PMID: 34757033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury promotes the molecular alterations that precede the establishment of cancer. Usually, several decades of chronic insults are needed to develop the most common primary liver tumor known as hepatocellular carcinoma. As other cancer types, liver cancer cells are governed by a common set of rules collectively called the hallmarks of cancer. Although those rules have provided a conceptual framework for understanding the complex pathophysiology of established tumors, therapeutic options are still ineffective in advanced stages. Thus, the molecular alterations that precede the establishment of cancer remain an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Here, we first summarize the chemopreventive interventions targeting the early liver carcinogenesis stages. After an integrative analysis on the plethora of molecular alterations regulated by anticancer agents, we then underline and discuss that two critical processes namely oxidative stress and genetic alterations, play the role of 'dirty work laborer' in the initial cell damage and drive the transformation of preneoplastic into neoplastic cells, respectively; besides, the activation of cellular senescence works as a key mechanism in attempting to prevent the onset and establishment of liver cancer. Whereas the detrimental effects of the binomial made up of oxidative stress and genetic alterations are either eliminated or reduced, senescence activation is promoted by anticancer agents. We argue that collectively, oxidative stress, genetic alterations, and senescence are key events that influence the fate of initiated cells and the establishment of the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Rodope Alarcón-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; Departament of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departament of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology - CONACYT, CDMX, Mexico.
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22
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Zhang Y, Li X, Li X. Curcumae Ameliorates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Alteration of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Gut Microbiota. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5551-5566. [PMID: 34737604 PMCID: PMC8558749 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s330499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increased the risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD induces the hepatic-related cancer deaths mostly in middle-aged men. NAFLD enhanced the inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in the hepatic tissue. Curcumae exhibited the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we made an attempt to scrutinize the protective effect of curcumae on obesity-induced HCC via alteration of inflammation, oxidative stress and gut microbiota. METHODS The rats used in this experiment were Wistar rats, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (hepatic carcinogen) was used at 2 weeks. After 6 weeks of the experimental study, the rats were randomly divided into high-fat diet (HFD) with or without curcumae-treated group rats and received the treatment for 22 weeks. Hepatic, non-hepatic, cardiac, antioxidant, pro-inflammatory and inflammatory were estimated at the end of the study. The stools of the experimental rats were collected for estimating the gut microbiota. RESULTS Curcumae-treated group rats exposed reduction of the hepatic nodules in hepatic tissue. Curcumae significantly (P<0.001) diminished the level of hepatic parameters and antioxidant parameters in the serum. Curcumae significantly (P<0.001) suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines level, viz. interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-7 (IL-7) and augmented the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum and hepatic tissue. Curcumae significantly (P<0.001) suppressed inflammatory mediators including cyclooxygenase (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the serum and hepatic tissue. Furthermore, curcumae increased the gut microbial diversity and richness and decreased the relative abundance of genus Mucispirillum and Clostridium, respectively. CONCLUSION Curcumae prevents HFD-induced inflammation during the hepatic carcinoma by modulating the oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu, 222002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu, 222002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu, 222002, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Mohamed AE, El-Magd MA, El-Said KS, El-Sharnouby M, Tousson EM, Salama AF. Potential therapeutic effect of thymoquinone and/or bee pollen on fluvastatin-induced hepatitis in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15688. [PMID: 34344946 PMCID: PMC8333355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is one of earlier, but serious, signs of liver damage. High doses of statins for a long time can induce hepatitis. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone (TQ) and bee pollen (BP) on fluvastatin (F)-induced hepatitis in rats. Rats were randomly divided into: group 1 (G1, control), G2 (F, hepatitis), G3 (F + TQ), G4 (F + BP), and G5 (F + TQ + BP). Single treatment with TQ or BP relieved fluvastatin-induced hepatitis, with best effect for the combined therapy. TQ and/or BP treatment significantly (1) reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin, (2) decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased level of reduced glutathione, and activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the liver, (3) improved liver histology with mild deposition of type I collagen, (4) increased mRNA levels of transforming growth factor beta 1, nuclear factor Kappa B, and cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, and (5) decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha and upregulated interleukin 10 protein in the liver. These data clearly highlight the ability of TQ and BP combined therapy to cause better ameliorative effects on fluvastatin-induced hepatitis than individual treatment by each alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Karim S El-Said
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sharnouby
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Afrah F Salama
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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24
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Sarkar C, Jamaddar S, Islam T, Mondal M, Islam MT, Mubarak MS. Therapeutic perspectives of the black cumin component thymoquinone: A review. Food Funct 2021; 12:6167-6213. [PMID: 34085672 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00401h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dietary phytochemical thymoquinone (TQ), belonging to the family of quinones, mainly obtained from the black and angular seeds of Nigella sativa, is one of the promising monoterpenoid hydrocarbons, which has been receiving massive attention for its therapeutic potential and pharmacological properties. It plays an important role as a chemopreventive and therapeutic agent in the treatment of various diseases and illnesses. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the most recent literature pertaining to the use of TQ for the prevention and treatment of various diseases along with possible mechanisms of action, and the potential use of this natural product as a complementary or alternative medicine. Research findings indicated that TQ exhibits numerous pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and anticancer, among others. Conclusions of this review on the therapeutic aspects of TQ highlight the medicinal and folk values of this compound against various diseases and ailments. In short, TQ could be a novel drug in clinical trials, as we hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh.
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Seriner R, Dağlıoğlu K, Coşkun G, Bilgin R. Examination of the effect of curcumin in experimental liver damage created by diethylnitrosamine in swiss albino mice to superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and glutathione, malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products levels. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1217-1225. [PMID: 34041781 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of curcumin, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, advanced protein oxidation products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in experimental liver damage with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in Swiss albino mice were investigated. Subjects (n = 9) were divided into 5 as tumor control 1, tumor control 2, curcumin preservative and treatment, and healthy controlgroup. Curcumin oral gavage (in 150 mg/kg of ethylalcohol) was given to the protecting group for 19 days, 5 days before the administration of Diethylnitrosamine, and 24 hours after the administration of Diethylnitrosamine. 100 μl of ethylalcohol oral gavage was given to the healthy group for 19 days. While MDA levels decreased significantly in the curcumin preservative group (p<0.05) (p = 0.002), the decrease was not significant in the treatment groups (p>0.05), (p = 0.128). AOPP levels decreased significantly in the curcumin protective group (p<0.05) (p = 0.009) but the decrease in the treatment group was not found significant (p> 0.05), (p = 0.073). SOD activities increased significantly in both groups. It was found as (p<0.05), (p = 0.001) and (p<0.05), (p = 0.002), respectively. GSH levels decreased but these reductions were not found statistically significant. CAT activities increased significantly in both groups. It was determined as (p<0.05), (p = 0.001) for both groups. The significant CAT activities were found in both the curcumin protective group and the curcumin treatment group AOPP values decreased in curcumin protective group MDA levels decreased significantly in the curcumin protective group This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Seriner
- Cukurova University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | - Kenan Dağlıoğlu
- Ahi Evran University, Medicine Faculty, Medical Microbiology Department, Kırsehir, Turkey
| | - Gülfidan Coşkun
- Cukurova University, Medicine Faculty, Histology and Embryology Department, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bilgin
- Cukurova University, Sciences and Letters Faculty, Chemistry Department, Adana, Turkey
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26
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Ates MB, Ortatatli M. The effects of Nigella sativa seeds and thymoquinone on aflatoxin phase-2 detoxification through glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase alpha-3, and the relationship between aflatoxin B 1-DNA adducts in broilers. Toxicon 2021; 193:86-92. [PMID: 33581172 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The primary pathway of the detoxification of aflatoxin (AF) metabolites occurring at the end of phase-1 biotransformation is glutathione (GSH) conjugation via glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme in phase-2. In this study, the activity of Nigella sativa seeds (NS) and thymoquinone (TQ) on phase-2 detoxification pathways of AF was investigated in light of GSH, GST alpha-3 (GSTA3), and AFB1-DNA adducts detected by the immunohistochemical method in broilers' livers. One-hundred twenty chickens at one-day-old were divided into six groups as the control (CNT), AF, TQ, NS, AF + TQ, and AF + NS groups and fed for 28 days. AF, TQ, and NS were added to the relevant diets at 2 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 5%, respectively. The administration of AF alone strongly stimulated the formation of AFB1-DNA adduct and reduced GSH and GSTA3 levels in hepatocytes (p < 0,01). In contrast, TQ and NS were found to reduce significantly the amount of AFB1-DNA adducts in AF + TQ and AF + NS groups (p < 0,01). We concluded that NS and TQ achieved this by increasing GSH and GSTA3 levels (p < 0,01) thanks to their antioxidant properties, and hence detoxifying the reactive metabolites of AF. Also, we consider that the AFB1-DNA adduct constituted in 28 days can be used as a biomarker for exposure to AF in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Burak Ates
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Ortatatli
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, 42130, Konya, Turkey
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27
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Ansary J, Giampieri F, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Regolo L, Quinzi D, Gracia Villar S, Garcia Villena E, Tutusaus Pifarre K, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Battino M, Cianciosi D. Nutritional Value and Preventive Role of Nigella sativa L. and Its Main Component Thymoquinone in Cancer: An Evidenced-Based Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082108. [PMID: 33916916 PMCID: PMC8067617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, scientific attention has been paid to different foods and their bioactive components for the ability to inhibit the onset and progress of different types of cancer. Nigella sativa extract, powder and seed oil and its main components, thymoquinone and α-hederin, have showed potent anticancer and chemosensitizing effects against various types of cancer, such as liver, colon, breast, renal, cervical, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and skin tumors, through the modulation of various molecular signaling pathways. Herein, the purpose of this review was to highlight the anticancer activity of Nigella sativa and it constitutes, focusing on different in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies and projects, in order to underline their antiproliferative, proapoptotic, cytotoxic and antimetastatic effects. Particular attention has been also given to the synergistic effect of Nigella sativa and it constitutes with chemotherapeutic drugs, and to the synthesized analogs of thymoquinone that seem to enhance the chemo-sensitizing potential. This review could be a useful step towards new research on N. sativa and cancer, to include this plant in the dietary treatments in support to conventional therapies, for the best achievement of therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johura Ansary
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (J.A.); (F.G.); (L.R.); (D.Q.)
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (J.A.); (F.G.); (L.R.); (D.Q.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernandez
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Lucia Regolo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (J.A.); (F.G.); (L.R.); (D.Q.)
| | - Denise Quinzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (J.A.); (F.G.); (L.R.); (D.Q.)
| | - Santos Gracia Villar
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (S.G.V.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Garcia Villena
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (S.G.V.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
| | - Kilian Tutusaus Pifarre
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (S.G.V.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - José M. Alvarez-Suarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170157, Ecuador
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-S.); (M.B.); (D.C.); Tel.: +593-2-297-1700 (J.M.A.-S.); +339-071-220-4646 (M.B.); +339-071-220-4136 (D.C.)
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (J.A.); (F.G.); (L.R.); (D.Q.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-S.); (M.B.); (D.C.); Tel.: +593-2-297-1700 (J.M.A.-S.); +339-071-220-4646 (M.B.); +339-071-220-4136 (D.C.)
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (J.A.); (F.G.); (L.R.); (D.Q.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-S.); (M.B.); (D.C.); Tel.: +593-2-297-1700 (J.M.A.-S.); +339-071-220-4646 (M.B.); +339-071-220-4136 (D.C.)
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28
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Hadi V, Pahlavani N, Malekahmadi M, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Navashenaq JG, Hadi S, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Askari G, Norouzy A. Nigella sativa in controlling Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular, and rheumatoid arthritis diseases: Molecular aspects. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:20. [PMID: 34221050 PMCID: PMC8240544 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_236_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor in the etiology of several chronic diseases that include cardiovascular disease (CVD), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Oxidative stress can lead to inflammation, and this can contribute to these chronic diseases. Reducing inflammation and oxidative stress may, therefore, be useful in the prevention and treatment of these conditions. One of the treatment options for chronic diseases is the use of traditional medicine and herbs, such as Nigella sativa. This is one of the herbs that have recently been assessed for its ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. We have reviewed the reported effects of N. sativa on risk factors of chronic diseases (CVD, DM, and RA) with emphasis on molecular and cellular mechanisms in controlling inflammation and oxidative stress. Various mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the beneficial properties of N. sativa, including a reduction of lipid peroxidation via its antioxidant properties; agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in adipose tissue; activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, increased antioxidants, inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B pathway; increased in interleukin-10 expression, CD4+ T-cell percentage, T regulatory cell percentage (CD4+ CD25+ T-cell) in peripheral blood, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, but to prove this claim, it is necessary to conduct experimental and well-designed clinical trial studies with a larger sample size on the effects of N. sativa on these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Hadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, England
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Norouzy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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29
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Ma L, Zhang M, Zhao R, Wang D, Ma Y, Li A. Plant Natural Products: Promising Resources for Cancer Chemoprevention. Molecules 2021; 26:933. [PMID: 33578780 PMCID: PMC7916513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major factor threatening human health and life safety, and there is a lack of safe and effective therapeutic drugs. Intervention and prevention in premalignant process are effective ways to reverse carcinogenesis and prevent cancer from occurring. Plant natural products are rich in sources and are a promising source for cancer chemoprevention. This article reviews the chemopreventive effects of natural products, especially focused on polyphenols, flavonoids, monoterpene and triterpenoids, sulfur compounds, and cellulose. Meanwhile, the main mechanisms include induction of apoptosis, antiproliferation and inhibition of metastasis are briefly summarized. In conclusion, this article provides evidence for natural products remaining a prominent source of cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - MengMeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - YueRong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ai Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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30
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Zhang X, Liu R. Advances in BPA-induced Oxidative Stress and Related Effects and Mechanisms in Liver, 1991-2017. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:432-443. [PMID: 30207228 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180912105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely spreading environmental endocrine disruptor . Its characteristics, including small doses and frequent contact, make it easy to enter human body through drinking water, food, air and other pathways, leading to tumors, infertility, and liver damage. The present review summarizes the underlying mechanism of oxidative stress and its related effects induced by BPA in the liver. The progress of the mechanism for oxidative stress induced by BPA is summarized, including mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and inflammation reaction, liver dyslipidemia, apoptosis, and cell death mechanism. In the future, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and timing of oxidative stress to clarify the effects on different exposures to different genders and growth stages. Besides, studying the toxic effects on BPA surrogates, BPA metabolites and BPA combined with other pollutants in the environment is beneficial to clarify the environmental and human health effects of BPA and provide technical reference for the development of practical control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250013, China
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31
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Gomathinayagam R, Ha JH, Jayaraman M, Song YS, Isidoro C, Dhanasekaran DN. Chemopreventive and Anticancer Effects of Thymoquinone: Cellular and Molecular Targets. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:136-151. [PMID: 33033708 PMCID: PMC7523033 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.3.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive component derived from the seeds of Nigella sativa that are commonly as black cumin. Evidences indicate that the medicinal properties of TQ have been recognized for more than 2000 years. TQ has been shown to possess potent chemopreventive properties that include anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic activities. Recent studies have unraveled the multiple mechanisms through which TQ exerts its chemopreventive and anticancer activity in different cancer cells in a contextual manner. The present review aims to provide a brief compendium on the molecular mechanisms through which TQ inhibits signaling pathways underlying cancer genesis, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Gomathinayagam
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ji Hee Ha
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Muralidharan Jayaraman
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and NanoBioImaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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32
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Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Thymoquinone, an Active Compound of Nigella sativa: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1028-1041. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200416092743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and the current mode of cancer
treatment causes side effects on normal cells and are still the key challenges in its’ treatment. However,
natural products or active compounds of medicinal plants have shown to be safe, affordable, and
effective in diseases cure.
Methods:
In this context, scientific studies evidence the health-promoting effects of natural products,
which work through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. Thymoquinone (TM),
a predominant active compound of Nigella sativa, has confirmed anti-neoplastic activity through its
ability to regulate various genetic pathways. In addition, thymoquinone has established anti-cancerous
effects through killing of various cancerous cells,and inhibiting the initiation, migration, invasion, and
progression of the cancer. The anti-cancer effects of TM are chiefly mediated via regulating various
cell signaling pathways such as VEGF, bcl2/bax ratio, p53, NF-kB, and oncogenes.
Results:
The anti-cancer drugs have limitations in efficacy and also causes adverse side effects on
normal cells. The combination of anti-cancer drugs and thymoquinone improves the efficacy of drugs
which is evident by decrease resistance to drugs and regulation of various cell signaling pathways.
Moreover, combination of anti-cancer drugs as well as thymoquinone shows synergistic effect on killing
of cancer cells and cells viability. Thus, TM, in combination with anti-cancer drugs, can be a good
strategy in the management of various types of cancer.
Conclusion:
In this review article, we deliver an outline of thymoquinone role in cancer inhibition and
prevention of cancer-based on in vivo and in vitro studies. Further studies on thymoquinone based on
clinical trials are highly required to explore the benefits of thymoquinone in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A. Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad H. Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Ali S, Ejaz M, Dar KK, Nasreen S, Ashraf N, Gillani SF, Shafi N, Safeer S, Khan MA, Andleeb S, Akhtar N, Mughal TA. Evaluation of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect of Artemisia vulgaris extract against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in Balb C mice. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:484-496. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.185979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of current study was to investigate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of Artemisia vulgaris extract on diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Diethylnitrosoamine (DEN: 0.9%) was prepared to induce hepatocarcinoma in Balb C mice. The extract Artemisia vulgaris (AV) was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received only plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (Body weight) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given in combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (body weight). After eight weeks of DEN administration, mice of group 2 were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each; subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract only (150 mg/kg (body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. The DEN injected mice significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha feto protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, 5 nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and bilirubin. The administration of A. vulgaris significantly decreased the DEN induced hepatotoxicity. Present study revealed the potential anti-cancerous nature of Artemisia vulgaris, both in case of chemopreventive and post-treatment of A. vulgaris. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ali
- Government College University, Pakistan
| | - M. Ejaz
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - K. K. Dar
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - S. Nasreen
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - N. Ashraf
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | | | - N. Shafi
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - S. Safeer
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - M. A. Khan
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - S. Andleeb
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - N. Akhtar
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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34
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Recent Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of the Genus Nigella. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6756835. [PMID: 32655665 PMCID: PMC7321528 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6756835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Seeds of the genus Nigella plants as folk medicine are often used to prevent and treat asthma, diarrhea, dyslipidemia, and other diseases around the world. Pharmacological researches showed that seed extract and seed oil have antibacterial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective effects which attributed to their bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, saponins, flavones, and phenols. This paper has covered recent progresses on chemical and pharmacological researches on these plants, including their compounds and pharmacological effects. It was found that the chemical component researches were focused on the seed oil. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the profile of the whole constituents in the seeds.
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35
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Amizadeh S, Rashtchizadeh N, Khabbazi A, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Ebrahimi AA, Vatankhah AM, Malek Mahdavi A, Taghizadeh M. Effect of Nigella sativa oil extracts on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in Behcet's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:181-189. [PMID: 32257890 PMCID: PMC7103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcers, uveitis and skin lesions. Oxidative stress and inflammation have important role in the pathogenesis of BD. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nigella sativa (NS) oil administration on malondialdehyde (MDA), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs- CRP) levels in patients with BD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial, 96 BD patients were randomly assigned to NS or placebo groups. Study groups received 1000 mg/day NS oil and placebo soft gels for 8 weeks. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-10, hs-CRP, MDA and TAC were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS Eighty-nine individuals completed the study. Significant decreases in the serum levels of MDA and increases in the serum levels of TAC were found in the NS group. However, differences in the changes of MDA and TAC in the NS and placebo groups were not significant. Pre- and post-intervention changes of TNF-α, IL-10 and hs-CRP levels in the NS group were non-significant. CONCLUSION NS 1000 mg per day is probably not effective in reducing the inflammatory and oxidative markers in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Amizadeh
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nadereh Rashtchizadeh
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Ebrahimi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Aida Malek Mahdavi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Barij Essence Medicinal Plants Research Center, Kashan, Iran
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36
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Ahmed OM, Ahmed AA, Fahim HI, Zaky MY. Quercetin and naringenin abate diethylnitrosamine/acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats: the roles of oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:262-273. [PMID: 31665932 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1683187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the preventive effects and to suggest the probable mechanisms of action of quercetin and naringein in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar male rats. The chemical-induction of hepatocarcinogenesis was performed by injection of DEN intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) twice/week for two weeks, followed by oral administration of 2AAF at 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) 4 times/week for 3 weeks. The DEN/2AAF-administered rats were co-treated with quercetin and naringenin at dose level of 10 mg/kg b. w. by oral gavage for 20 weeks. The treatment of DEN/2AAF-administered rats with quercetin and naringenin significantly prevented the elevations in serum levels of liver function indicators (ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, total bilirubin and albumin) and liver tumor biomarkers including AFP, CEA and CA19.9. The cancerous histological lesions and inflammatory cells infiltration in liver of DEN/2AAF-administered rats were remarkably suppressed by treatments with quercetin and naringenin. The hepatic oxidative stress markers including NO level and lipid peroxidation significantly decreased while the SOD, GPx and CAT activities and GSH content significantly increased in DEN/2AAF-administered rats treated with quercetin and naringenin when compared to DEN/2AFF-administered control rats. Furthermore, the lowered mRNA expression of liver IL-4, P53 and Bcl-2 in of DEN/2AAF-administered rats were significantly counteracted by treatment with quercetin and naringenin. Taken together, our results demonstrate that quercetin and naringenin may abate hepatocarcinogenesis via enhancement of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and apoptotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Ahmed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel A Ahmed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa I Fahim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Mangwani N, Singh PK, Kumar V. Medicinal plants: Adjunct treatment to tuberculosis chemotherapy to prevent hepatic damage. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019; 11:522-528. [PMID: 31679802 PMCID: PMC7772497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of herbs for the management of chemically induced hepatotoxicity has been discussed by many researchers. However, there is a paucity of compressive literature on the significance of hepatoprotective plants for the management of anti-TB drug induced toxicity. Anti-TB drugs have been reported to causes hepatic damage, due to which, many patients across the globe discontinued the treatment. Medicinal plants have multiple therapeutic effects. The assessment of biological activity of plants against Mycobacterium and its use for hepatic recovery provides an effective treatment approach. Traditionally used medicinal plants are the rich source of phytochemicals and secondary metabolites. These compounds can restore normal function, enzymatic activity and structure of hepatic cells against anti-TB drug induced hepatotoxicity. The present review covers comprehensive details on different hepatoprotective and antimycobacterial plants studied during past few decades so that potential adjuvants can be studied for Tuberculosis chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mangwani
- Value Addition Research and Development-Human Health, National Innovation Foundation-India, Grambharti, Mahudi Road, Gandhinagar, 382650, Gujarat, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Value Addition Research and Development-Human Health, National Innovation Foundation-India, Grambharti, Mahudi Road, Gandhinagar, 382650, Gujarat, India.
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Value Addition Research and Development-Human Health, National Innovation Foundation-India, Grambharti, Mahudi Road, Gandhinagar, 382650, Gujarat, India
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Elsayed MMA, Mostafa ME, Alaaeldin E, Sarhan HAA, Shaykoon MS, Allam S, Ahmed ARH, Elsadek BEM. Design And Characterisation Of Novel Sorafenib-Loaded Carbon Nanotubes With Distinct Tumour-Suppressive Activity In Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8445-8467. [PMID: 31754301 PMCID: PMC6825507 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s223920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the past 30 years, no consistent survival benefits have been recorded for anticancer agents of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), except for the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib (Nexavar®), which clinically achieves only ~3 months overall survival benefit. This modest benefit is attributed to limited aqueous solubility, slow dissolution rate and, consequently, limited absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, novel formulation modalities are in demand to improve the bioavailability of the drug to attack HCC in a more efficient manner. In the current study, we aimed to design a novel sorafenib-loaded carbon nanotubes (CNTs) formula that is able to improve the therapeutic efficacy of carried cargo against HCC and subsequently investigate the antitumour activity of this formula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sorafenib was loaded on functionalized CNTs through physical adsorption, and an alginate-based method was subsequently applied to microcapsulate the drug-loaded CNTs (CNTs-SFN). The therapeutic efficacy of the new formula was estimated and compared to that of conventional sorafenib, both in vitro (against HepG2 cells) and in vivo (in a DENA-induced HCC rat model). RESULTS The in vitro MTT anti-proliferative assay revealed that the drug-loaded CNTs formula was at least two-fold more cytotoxic towards HepG2 cells than was sorafenib itself. Moreover, the in vivo animal experiments proved that our innovative formula was superior to conventional sorafenib at all assessed end points. Circulating AFP-L3% was significantly decreased in the CNTs-SFN-MCs-treated group (14.0%) in comparison to that of the DENA (40.3%) and sorafenib (38.8%) groups. This superiority was further confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assessment of some HCC-relevant biomarkers. CONCLUSION Our results firmly suggest the distinctive cancer-suppressive nature of CNTs-SFN-MCs, both against HepG2 cells in vitro and in a DENA-induced HCC rat model in vivo, with a preferential superiority over conventional sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud MA Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Eman Alaaeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hatem AA Sarhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Montaser ShA Shaykoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shady Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed RH Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Bakheet EM Elsadek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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Hegazy RR, Mansour DF, Salama AA, Abdel-Rahman RF, Hassan AM. Regulation of PKB/Akt-pathway in the chemopreventive effect of lactoferrin against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:879-891. [PMID: 31442665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of protein kinase B (PKB) is associated with many cancers. This makes inhibition of PKB signaling pathway a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Lactoferrin (Lf) has been reported for its inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, however, the mechanism is not completely understood. Its anti-hepatocarcinogenic activity has not taken the deserved recognition despite the additional advantages of Lf as an antiviral against hepatitis C virus, the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and as a targeting ligand for delivering chemotherapeutics to hepatoma cells. METHODS This study evaluated the anti-hepatocarcinogenic effect of Lf, and the role of PKB in this effect using diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced HCC rat model, and a primary cell culture prepared from the induced hepatic lesions (DENA-HCC cell culture). RESULTS Up-regulation of activated PKB in the hepatocytes of rats with DENA-induced HCC was observed, as measured biochemically in the liver homogenate, and localized immunohistochemically. This was accompanied by increment of hepatocytes proliferation, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Involvement of PKB in DENA-induced HCC was confirmed by the observed decrease in cell proliferation in DENA-HCC cell culture that was treated with PKB inhibitor. In Lf-treated rats, a dose-dependent chemopreventive effect was observed, with decreased expression and activation of PKB, amelioration of the other DENA-induced alterations, and stimulation of apoptosis. In vitro, Lf blocked PKB activator-induced cell proliferation. CONCLUSION These findings support the chemopreventive activity of Lf against HCC, and suggest regulation of PKB-pathway as a potential mechanism underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab R Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Dina F Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab F Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza M Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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40
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Helmy SA, El-Mesery M, El-Karef A, Eissa LA, El Gayar AM. Thymoquinone upregulates TRAIL/TRAILR2 expression and attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo model. Life Sci 2019; 233:116673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mansour DF, Abdallah HMI, Ibrahim BMM, Hegazy RR, Esmail RSE, Abdel-Salam LO. The Carcinogenic Agent Diethylnitrosamine Induces Early Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Proliferation in Rat Liver, Stomach and Colon: Protective Effect of Ginger Extract. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2551-2561. [PMID: 31450931 PMCID: PMC6852799 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diethylnitrosamine (DENA), a well-known dietary carcinogen, related to cancer initiation of various organs. The present study investigated the deleterious mechanisms involved in the early destructive changes of DENA in different organs namely, liver, stomach and colon and the potential protective effect of GE against these mechanisms. Methods: Adult male albino rats were assigned into four groups. A normal control group received the vehicle, another group was injected with a single necrogenic dose of DENA (200 mg/kg, i.p) on day 21. Two groups received oral GE (108 or 216 mg/kg) daily for 28 days. Sera, liver, stomach and colon were obtained 7 days after DENA injection. Serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were detected as well as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide metabolites, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and nuclear factorerythroid 2-related factor2 (Nrf2) in liver, stomach and colon. Histopathological studies and immunohistochemical examination of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were conducted. Results: DENA induced elevation in liver function enzymes with significant increase in oxidation and inflammation biomarkers and AFP while decreased levels of Nrf2 in liver, stomach and colon were detected. Histologically, DENA showed degenerative changes in hepatocytes and inflammatory foci. Inflammatory foci displayed increased expression of COX2 in immunohistochemical staining. GE-pretreatment improved liver function and restored normal GSH with significant mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers compared to DENA-treated group. AFP was reduced by GE in both doses, while Nrf2 increased significantly. Histology and immunostaining of hepatic COX-2 were remarkably improved in GE-treated groups in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: GE exerted a potential anti-proliferative activity against DENA in liver, stomach and colon via Nrf2 activation, whilst suppression of oxidation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina F Mansour
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice,, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt
| | - Heba M I Abdallah
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Bassant M M Ibrahim
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Rehab R Hegazy
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Reham S E Esmail
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt
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Mahmoud YK, Abdelrazek HMA. Cancer: Thymoquinone antioxidant/pro-oxidant effect as potential anticancer remedy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108783. [PMID: 31060003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there is growing interest in the natural bioactive components having anticancer activity. Thymoquinone (TQ), the principle active constituent of black seed (Nigella sativa), has promising properties including anticancer and chemosensitizing peculiarities. The anticancer power of TQ is accomplished by several aspects; including promotion of apoptosis, arrest of cell cycle and ROS generation. In addition, it boosts the immune system and lessens the side effects associated with traditional anticancer therapy. TQ also controls angiogenesis and cancer metastasis. This review focuses on the potential aspects and mechanisms by which TQ acquires its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina K Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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43
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Dissecting the roles of thymoquinone on the prevention and the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview on the current state of knowledge. Infect Agent Cancer 2019; 14:10. [PMID: 31015860 PMCID: PMC6469080 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-019-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the principal active monomer isolated from the seed of the medicinal plant Nigella sativa. This compound has antitumor effects against various types of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Several pre-clinical studies showed that TQ, through the modulation of different molecular pathways, is able to induce anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in HCC, without signs of toxicity. Moreover, it has been suggested that TQ has hepatoprotective effects by enhancing the tolerability and effectivity of neoadjuvant therapy prior to liver surgery, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Based on these findings, is assumable that TQ could represent a valuable therapeutic option for patients suffering from HCC. In this review, we summarize the potential roles of TQ in the prevention and treatment of HCC, by revising the preclinical studies and by highlighting the potential applications of TQ as a therapeutic choice for HCC treatment into clinical practices.
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Wahby MM, Abdallah ZM, Abdou HM, Yousef MI, Newairy ASA. Mitigating potential ofGinkgo bilobaextract and melatonin against hepatic and nephrotoxicity induced by Bisphenol A in male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayssaa M. Wahby
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Zaynab M. Abdallah
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Abdou
- Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar I. Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Al-Sayeda A. Newairy
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
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45
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Abdel-Daim MM, Dessouki AA, Abdel-Rahman HG, Eltaysh R, Alkahtani S. Hepatorenal protective effects of taurine and N-acetylcysteine against fipronil-induced injuries: The antioxidant status and apoptotic markers expression in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2063-2073. [PMID: 30290348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil (FPN), a commonly used phenylpyrazole pesticide can induce oxidative tissue damage following hazard usage. Due to the extensive household and commercial usage of FPN, its toxic effects on mammals received considerable attention. Finding the proper antioxidant that can overcome FPN-induced damage is essential. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the hepatorenal ameliorative outcomes of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and taurine (TAU) against hepatorenal damage induced by FPN in male Wistar rats. Compared to control rats, oral FPN (at a dose of 19.4 mg kg-1 BW for five successive days) significantly increased serum activities (p ≤ 0.05) of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and transaminases, in addition to total cholesterol, urea and creatinine levels. Moreover, FPN provoked oxidative damage indicated by increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide formation and decreased glutathione concentration and activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) in the hepatic and renal tissues. Furthermore, FPN administration induced overexpression of the proapoptotic (Bax), while it downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) protein. Interestingly, oral administration of TAU (50 mg Kg-1 BW) and NAC (50 mg Kg-1 BW), alone or in combination, five days prior to and five days along with FPN administration, significantly ameliorated (p ≤ 0.05) and normalized the harmful effects of FPN on serum biomarkers of hepatorenal injury, lipid peroxidation and tissue antioxidants. In conclusion, TAU and NAC, alone or in combination, provided significant hepatorenal protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by FPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Amina A Dessouki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Haidy G Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rasha Eltaysh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Karimi Z, Mirza Alizadeh A, Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi J, Dehghan P. Nigella sativaand its Derivatives as Food Toxicity Protectant Agents. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:22-37. [PMID: 31011555 PMCID: PMC6468232 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to food toxins generate multiple adverse health effects. Heavy metals, antibiotics residue, mycotoxins, pesticides and some food additives are examples of the most important food toxins. The common mechanism of toxicity and carcinogenicity effects of food toxins is the generation of oxidative stress that leads to DNA damages. Moreover, based on epidemiologic evidence unhealthy eating habits and food toxicities are associated with cancers occurrence. Therefore, application of bioactive food additives as harmless or safe components in food industry is expensive. Nigella sativa L. is a broadly used herb-drug for various diseases all over the world and has been used as preservative and food additive. Based on various studies N. sativa has shown various pharmacological activities including therapeutic efficacy against different human diseases and antioxidant anti-inflammatory effects against environmental toxins. N. sativa decreases the adverse health effects induced by mentioned food toxins via modulating the action of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase catalase and act as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers in different organs. Besides, N. sativa and thymoquinone (TQ) have protective effects on food products through removal and inhibition of various toxic compounds. Therefore, in the present review we will describe all protective effects of N. sativa and its main constituents, TQ, against food induced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/ National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Dehghan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Sadek KM, Lebda MA, Abouzed TK, Nasr SM, El-Sayed Y. The molecular and biochemical insight view of lycopene in ameliorating tramadol-induced liver toxicity in a rat model: implication of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33119-33130. [PMID: 30251044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of tramadol (TD) on hepatic tissue and the potential efficiency of lycopene to mitigate TD-induced hepatotoxic impacts were determined. Forty male albino rats were allocated into four groups: group I, untreated (placebo); group II, injected with TD (15 mg kg-1) intraperitoneally (i.p.); group III, gastrogavaged with lycopene (10 mg kg-1) per os (p.o.); and group IV received TD with lycopene with the same mentioned doses for 15 days. The results demonstrated that TD induced augmentation in tissue lipid peroxidation biomarker and disturbance in the antioxidant homeostasis and elevated the activity of serum liver injury biomarkers and decreased serum protein, globulin, and albumin. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thioredoxin-1 (Txn-1), and catalase (CAT) activities and gene expression were decreased and glutathione content was reduced in the TD-challenged rats, and these effects were alleviated by lycopene. Furthermore, TD induced apoptosis in liver tissues as shown by DNA fragmentation and upregulation of proapoptotic Bax and Casp-3 while lycopene upregulated the antiapoptotic Bcl-2. The results of Western blot showed that lycopene initiated low expression of mitogen activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) protein expression in liver tissues of TD-challenged rats. In addition, lycopene reduced fatty degeneration and necrosis of the liver in TD-challenged group. Our data demonstrate that lycopene appears to be highly efficient in mitigating the hepatotoxic impacts of TD by preventing lipid peroxidation and initiating modifications in the expression and activity of antioxidant pathways. Surprisingly, lycopene fortified liver tissue by inhibiting DNA fragmentation and apoptosis signaling induced by TD. MAPK activation may be dependent from ROS generation; due to lycopene which possessed antioxidant potential did have a substantial effect on MAPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek K Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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48
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Mabrouk A. Thymoquinone attenuates lead-induced nephropathy in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22238. [PMID: 30290066 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kidney hazards from lead (Pb) exposure are one of the fastest growing areas of concern in toxicology today. The thymoquinone (TQ) renoprotective effect against Pb-induced nephropathy has not previously been studied. Therefore, adult male Wistar rats were treated with Pb (2000 ppm of Pb acetate in drinking water) and/or TQ (5 mg/kg/day, per os). All treatments were applied for 5 weeks. The results indicated that Pb exposure produced metal deposition, histopathological changes, functional impairment (significant elevation in plasma urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels), total antioxidant status decrease, and lipid peroxidation stimulation in the kidneys. Interestingly, TQ supplementation remarkably improved the Pb-induced renal adverse effects without significantly reducing the tissue metal accumulation. In conclusion, our data indicate for the first time a protective effect of TQ against Pb-induced nephropathy, most likely through an antioxidant mechanism. On this basis, TQ deserves more consideration and further examination as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Banerjee O, Singh S, Prasad SK, Bhattacharjee A, Banerjee A, Banerjee A, Saha A, Maji BK, Mukherjee S. Inhibition of catalase activity with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole intensifies bisphenol A (BPA)-induced toxicity in granulosa cells of female albino rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:787-797. [PMID: 30269681 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718795744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor and environmental toxicant, is associated with adverse estrogenic effects in both humans and wildlife species. Because the effects of BPA on the ovary at the cellular level are incompletely understood, the present study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of granulosa cell injury following BPA exposure. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were treated with BPA (25 mg/kg BW/day for 9 days, intraperitonially) with or without pretreatment of the catalase-specific blocker 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ; 1 g/kg BW/day for 5 days, intraperitonially). Different oxidative and antioxidant stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and hormonal levels were measured. Catalase expression in isolated granulosa cells was analyzed by Western blot. There were noticeable increases in both nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels in the granulosa cells of the BPA-treated group with or without pretreatment with ATZ. Compared with the controls, BPA exposure resulted in a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels that was further increased following pretreatment with ATZ. Results of the hormonal assays clearly showed a significant decrease in both estrogen and progesterone levels. In contrast, there was a significant increase in both serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels following BPA exposure, with or without ATZ pretreatment. Results of Western blot analysis demonstrated decreased expression of catalase in the BPA-treated group and a further decrease in expression in the group treated with both BPA and ATZ. Our data suggest that catalase plays a role in mediating reproductive damage to granulosa cells exposed to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oly Banerjee
- Environmental Toxicology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Siddhartha Singh
- Environmental Toxicology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Shilpi Kumari Prasad
- Environmental Toxicology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Bhattacharjee
- Environmental Toxicology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Environmental Toxicology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Banerjee
- Environmental Toxicology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Adipa Saha
- Environmental Toxicology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Environmental Toxicology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Environmental Toxicology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
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Xu Y, Jiang H, Sun C, Adu-Frimpong M, Deng W, Yu J, Xu X. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of purified Rhodiola rosea polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:167-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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