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Ni X, Bai H, Han J, Zhou Y, Bai Z, Luo S, Xu J, Jin C, Li Z. Inhibitory activities of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum inhibition of Echinochloa crus-galli. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304863. [PMID: 38905259 PMCID: PMC11192376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinochloa crus-galli is a serious weed species in rice paddies. To obtain a new potential bioherbicide, we evaluated the inhibitory activities of 13 essential oils and their active substances against E. crus-galli. Essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry (SAEO) exhibited the highest herbicidal activity (EC50 = 3.87 mg mL-1) among the 13 essential oils evaluated. The SAEO was isolated at six different temperatures by vacuum fractional distillation, including 164°C, 165°C (SAEO-165), 169°C, 170°C 175°C and 180°C. The SAEO-165 had the highest inhibitory rate against E. crus-galli. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high phase liquid chromatography identified eugenol (EC50 = 4.07 mg mL-1), α-caryophyllene (EC50 = 17.34 mg mL-1) and β-caryophyllene (EC50 = 96.66 mg mL-1) as the three compounds in SAEO. Results from a safety bioassay showed that the tolerance of rice seedling (~ 20% inhibition) was higher than that of E. crus-galli (~ 70% inhibition) under SAEO stress. SAEO induced excessive generation of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and ultimately tissue damage in E. crus-galli. Our results indicate that SAEO has a potential for development into a new selective bio-herbicide. They also provide an example of a sustainable management strategy for E. crus-galli in rice paddies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Ni
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Science and Technology, Hunan University of Humanities, Loudi, China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Haodong Bai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Science and Technology, Hunan University of Humanities, Loudi, China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jincai Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhendong Bai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Science and Technology, Hunan University of Humanities, Loudi, China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Siquan Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Science and Technology, Hunan University of Humanities, Loudi, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chenzhong Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Science and Technology, Hunan University of Humanities, Loudi, China
| | - Zuren Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Science and Technology, Hunan University of Humanities, Loudi, China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Kumar N, Singh H, Giri K, Kumar A, Joshi A, Yadav S, Singh R, Bisht S, Kumari R, Jeena N, Khairakpam R, Mishra G. Physiological and molecular insights into the allelopathic effects on agroecosystems under changing environmental conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:417-433. [PMID: 38633277 PMCID: PMC11018569 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a natural phenomenon of competing and interfering with other plants or microbial growth by synthesizing and releasing the bioactive compounds of plant or microbial origin known as allelochemicals. This is a sub-discipline of chemical ecology concerned with the effects of bioactive compounds produced by plants or microorganisms on the growth, development and distribution of other plants and microorganisms in natural communities or agricultural systems. Allelochemicals have a direct or indirect harmful effect on one plant by others, especially on the development, survivability, growth, and reproduction of species through the production of chemical inhibitors released into the environment. Cultivation systems that take advantage of allelopathic plants' stimulatory/inhibitory effects on plant growth and development while avoiding allelopathic autotoxicity is critical for long-term agricultural development. Allelopathy is one element that defines plant relationships and is involved in weed management, crop protection, and microbial contact. Besides, the allelopathic phenomenon has also been reported in the forest ecosystem; however, its presence depends on the forest type and the surrounding environment. In the present article, major aspects addressed are (1) literature review on the impacts of allelopathy in agroecosystems and underpinning the research gaps, (2) chemical, physiological, and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy, (3) genetic manipulations, plant defense, economic benefits, fate, prospects and challenges of allelopathy. The literature search and consolidation efforts in this article shall pave the way for future research on the potential application of allelopathic interactions across various ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
- Present Address: College of Agriculture, Central Agriculture University (I), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Hukum Singh
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Krishna Giri
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Tura, 794002 India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga University, Naya-Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492101 India
| | | | - Ranjeet Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Itanagar, Arunchal Pradesh, India
| | - Sarita Bisht
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Rama Kumari
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Neha Jeena
- Department of Microbiology, Central University, Rajasthan, 305817 India
| | - Rowndel Khairakpam
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248001 India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, 248006 India
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Abd-ElGawad AM, Assaeed AM, El Gendy AEN, Pistelli L, Dar BA, Elshamy AI. Phytotoxicity of Rich Oxygenated Terpenes Essential Oil of Prosopis farcta against the Weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium. SEPARATIONS 2023; 10:361. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Weeds are considered the main reason for crop yield loss in the world. Weed control and management include various treatments such as cultural, physical, chemical, and biological methods. Chemical control of weeds is the most common method; however, the application of commercial synthetic herbicides caused several dangerous hazards in the environment including the appearance of resistant weed biotypes. Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F.Macbr. (Family: Fabaceae), is a common weed plant in the Middle East, where it is hard to eliminate due to its deep and overlapped roots. On the other side, it has many traditional uses around the world. Herein, the essential oil (EO) of P. farcta above-ground parts was extracted via hydrodistillation techniques and then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). From the GC-MS analysis, 47 compounds were identified with a relative concentration of 98.02%, including terpenes as the main components (95.08%). From overall identified compounds, cubenol (19.07%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (17.69%), torreyol (8.28%), davana ether (3.50%), camphor (3.35%), and farnesyl acetone (3.13%) represented the abundant constituents. Furthermore, the phytotoxic activity of the P. farcta EO was assessed against the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. The EO of P. farcta, at a concentration of 100 µL L−1, significantly inhibited the germination, seedling shoot growth, and seedling root growth by 64.1, 64.0, and 73.4%, respectively. The results exhibited that the seedling root growth is the most affected followed by the seed germination and seedling shoot growth with respective IC50 at 64.5, 80.5, and 92.9 µL L−1. It can be concluded that weeds are not absolutely harmful, but they may have beneficial uses, such as, for example as a source of phytochemicals with application in weed control practices (bioherbicides). It is advised to conduct additional research to characterize the allelopathic action of the major chemicals in their pure form, either alone or in combination, against a variety of weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Assaeed
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Nasser El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Basharat A. Dar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Miranda V, Silva-Castro GA, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Fracchia S, García-Romera I. Fungal Endophytes Enhance Wheat and Tomato Drought Tolerance in Terms of Plant Growth and Biochemical Parameters. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030384. [PMID: 36983552 PMCID: PMC10051184 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major threat to plant growth in many parts of the world. During periods of drought, multiple aspects of plant physiology are negatively affected. For instance, water shortages induce osmotic imbalance, inhibit photosynthesis, decrease nutrient uptake, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this context, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies for crops that would help mitigate these conditions. In previous studies, endophytic Zopfiella erostrata strains were found to extensively colonize plant roots, forming a profuse melanized mycelium in the rhizosphere, which could be involved in improving water uptake and nutrient mineralization in plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different strains of Z. erostrata on stress mitigation in wheat and tomato plants grown under water deficit conditions. General plant growth variables, as well as physiological and biochemical parameters, related to oxidative status were determined. Our data demonstrate that inoculation with both Zopfiella strains had a very significant effect on plant growth, even under water deficit conditions. However, we observed an even more pronounced impact, depending on the plant and strain involved, suggesting a certain degree of plant/strain compatibility. The biochemical aspects, the accumulation of proline, the oxidative damage to lipids, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes varied considerably depending on the endophyte and the plant evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Miranda
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET, Provincia de La Rioja, UNLAR, SEGEMAR, UNCa), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco La Rioja 5301, Argentina
| | - Gloria Andrea Silva-Castro
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1 Apdo. 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1 Apdo. 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Sebastian Fracchia
- The Mycology Laboratory, PROPLAME-PRHIDEB-CONICET, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
| | - Inmaculada García-Romera
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1 Apdo. 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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Espinosa-Colín M, Hernandez-Caballero I, Infante C, Gago I, García-Muñoz J, Sosa T. Evaluation of Propiophenone, 4-Methylacetophenone and 2',4'-Dimethylacetophenone as Phytotoxic Compounds of Labdanum Oil from Cistus ladanifer L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1187. [PMID: 36904046 PMCID: PMC10006901 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of three phenolic compounds present in the essential oil of the labdanum of Cistus ladanifer, an allelopathic species of the Mediterranean ecosystem. Propiophenone, 4'-methylacetophenone, and 2',4'-dimethylacetophenone slightly inhibit total germination and radicle growth of Lactuca sativa, and they strongly delay germination and reduce hypocotyl size. On the other hand, the inhibition effect of these compounds on Allium cepa was stronger on total germination than on germination rate, and radicle length compared to hypocotyl size. The position and number of methyl groups will affect the efficacy of the derivative. 2',4'-dimethylacetophenone was the most phytotoxic compound. The activity of the compounds depended on their concentration and presented hormetic effects. In L. sativa, on paper, propiophenone presented greater inhibition of hypocotyl size at greater concentrations, with IC50 = 0.1 mM, whereas 4'-methylacetophenone obtained IC50 = 0.4 mM for germination rate. When the mixture of the three compounds was applied, in L. sativa, on paper, the inhibition effect on total germination and the germination rate was significantly greater compared to the effect of the compounds when they were applied separately; moreover, the mixture inhibited radicle growth, whereas propiophenone and 4'-methylacetophenone did not exert such effect when applied separately. The activity of the pure compounds and that of the mixture also changed based on the substrate used. When the trial was conducted in soil, the separate compounds delayed the germination of the A. cepa to a greater extent compared to the trial on paper, although they stimulated seedling growth. In soil, L. sativa against 4'-methylacetophenone also showed the opposite effect at low concentrations (0.1 mM), with stimulation of germination rate, whereas propiophenone and 4'-methylacetophenone presented a slightly increased effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Espinosa-Colín
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Irene Hernandez-Caballero
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Celia Infante
- Department of Forest Resources Technology, Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06187 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Irene Gago
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier García-Muñoz
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Teresa Sosa
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Mir RA, Argal S, Ahanger MA, Jatav KS, Agarwal RM. Differential activity of wheat antioxidant defense system and alterations in the accumulation of osmolytes at different developmental stages as influenced by marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.) leachates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1001394. [PMID: 36531349 PMCID: PMC9751799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectivity of Tagetes erecta L. leachates on various growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters of wheat at different stages of growth. Results suggested that Triticum aestivum L. seedlings/plants when exposed to higher concentrations of marigold leachates (10%, 20%, and 30% w/v of fresh parts and 5% and 10% w/v of dry parts) exhibited enhanced lipid peroxidation along with an increase in the activity of protease and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Treatment with higher concentrations of leachates of fresh (30% w/v) and dry (10% w/v) T. erecta upregulated the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase and also increased the non-enzymatic components of antioxidant defense such as glutathione, ascorbic acid, and total phenols along with osmotic constituents comprising free proline, free sugars, and free amino acids in wheat. The growth and yield attributes of wheat exhibited a slight increase at treatments with lower concentrations (1% w/v) of dry leachates, whereas a decrease was recorded at higher concentrations (10% w/v). In general, treatments with flower leachates (higher concentrations) showed greater influence as compared with those with leaf leachates. Identification and understanding the mechanism of function of allelochemicals in these leachates may pave a way for further experimentation on Tagetes erecta L crop while it is cultivated and decomposed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surendra Argal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
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Shekari F, Shekari F, Najafi J, Abassi A, Radmanesh Z, Bones AM. Phytotoxic Effects of Catnip ( Nepeta meyeri Benth.) on Early Growth Stages Development and Infection Potential of Field Dodder ( Cuscuta campestris Yunck). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2629. [PMID: 36235495 PMCID: PMC9573380 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) is one of the most devastating parasitic plants, which reduces quantity and quality of crops. The inhibitory effect of catnip (Nepeta meyeri Benth.) extracts on germination and some seedling characteristics of the C. campestris were investigated in three phases in a laboratory and greenhouse. Aqueous extracts from different organs of N. meyeri were used in bioassays. The N. meyeri extracts reduced germination percent, root and shoot growth, and dry weight of C. campestris seedlings. Moreover, results showed an inhibitory effect of the N. meyeri extracts on the activity of alpha-amylase, protease, and beta-1,3-glucanase enzymes in C. campestris germinating seeds. Under greenhouse conditions, C. campestris seeds were planted with 30-day-old alfalfa plants and irrigated with N. meyeri extracts. The application of extracts from different organs of N. meyeri reduced emergence percent and length of stem and hampered C. campestris attachment to alfalfa. N. meyeri extracts also inhibited the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and the malondialdehyde in C. campestris seedlings. The strongest inhibitory effects were observed from flower, leaf, and stem extracts of N. meyeri, respectively. However, after C. campestris attachment to alfalfa plants, treatment by N. meyeri extracts did not exhibit any effect on infestation efficiency and C. campestris growth traits. According to these findings, N. meyeri extract, especially from flower and leaf, may be recommended as a potent bio-control agent to control germination and early stage development of C. campestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Shekari
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Fariborz Shekari
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, Iran
| | - Javad Najafi
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Amin Abassi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, Iran
| | - Zahra Radmanesh
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Exploring the use of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) bioactive compounds to control flixweed (Descurainia sophia L.) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Implication for reducing chemical herbicide pollution. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103421. [PMID: 36274978 PMCID: PMC9579404 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the bioactive effects of chamomile bioactive on weed is the first report. Chamomile can be cultivated as a pre-planting in chamomile-wheat rotation. Chamomile can be introduced as a viable candidate for the production of bioherbicide. Chamomile allelochemicals has suppressive effects on weeds both at the cellular up to organ levels.
Intensive chemical herbicide use has resulted in human health and environmental issues. This study evaluated the phytotoxic potential of chamomile extract as a bioherbicide to minimize chemical herbicide use in wheat production. Treatments including four concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mL/L) of three different chamomile plant parts (root, shoot, and root + shoot) extracts were applied to flixweed as a major weed in wheat production. Except for 50 mL/L of root extract, other concentrations of chamomile extracts decreased the germination rate of flixweed. Germnaiton rate of wheat increased with chamomile extracts except at 150 mL/L concentration of shoot extract at which the germination rate of flixweed and wheat reduced by 71.7 and 35.4%, respectively, compared to respective controls. Compared to wheat, malondialdehyde and proline in flixweed were increased fivefold in flixweed and compared to the control, ranged from 84–473 and 240–1422%, respectively. Chamomile extract also declined cell viability much quicker in flixweed than in wheat reflecting on greater inhibitory effect for flixweed control. Chamomile shoot extract reduced seedling weight and vigor index of flixweed by 63.75 and 59.4%, respectively, compared to the respective control. Results of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of chamomile extract indicated polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and bioactive phenolic coumarins, glycosylated derivatives, quercetin and its derivatives, herniarin, umbelliferone, P-cymene, chamazulene, farnesol, amitrole, 1,8-cineole, and limonene were effective in inhibiting the germination and growth of flixweed. We concluded that 150 mg/L of chamomile shoot extract could be used as a bioherbicide to sustainably suppress flixweed in wheat production.
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Staszek P, Krasuska U, Ciacka K, Gniazdowska A. ROS Metabolism Perturbation as an Element of Mode of Action of Allelochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111648. [PMID: 34829519 PMCID: PMC8614981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The allelopathic interaction between plants is one of the elements that influences plant communities. It has been commonly studied by applying tissue extracts onto the acceptors or by treating them with isolated allelotoxins. Despite descriptive observations useful for agricultural practice, data describing the molecular mode of action of allelotoxins cannot be found. Due to the development of -omic techniques, we have an opportunity to investigate specific reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent changes in proteome or transcriptome that are induced by allelochemicals. The aim of our review is to summarize data on the ROS-induced modification in acceptor plants in response to allelopathic plants or isolated allelochemicals. We present the idea of how ROS are involved in the hormesis and plant autotoxicity phenomena. As an example of an -omic approach in studies of the mode of action of allelopatic compounds, we describe the influence of meta-tyrosine, an allelochemical exudated from roots of fescues, on nitration-one of nitro-oxidative posttranslational protein modification in the roots of tomato plants. We conclude that ROS overproduction and an induction of oxidative stress are general plants' responses to various allelochemicals, thus modification in ROS metabolisms is regarded as an indirect mode of action of allelochemicals.
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Haghighi TM, Saharkhiz MJ. Phytotoxic potential of Vitex pseudo-negundo leaf and flower extracts and analysis of phenolic compounds. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Giofrè SV, Mancuso R, Araniti F, Romeo R, Iannazzo D, Abenavoli MR, Gabriele B. Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Sulfurated Heterocycles with Herbicidal Activity: Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzoic Acids with Lawesson's Reagent. Chempluschem 2019; 84:942-950. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina via S.S. Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC)Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria via P. Bucci 12/C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS Italy
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento AGRARIAUniversità Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria Reggio Calabria 89124 Italy
| | - Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina via S.S. Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina via S.S. Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Dipartimento AGRARIAUniversità Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria Reggio Calabria 89124 Italy
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC)Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria via P. Bucci 12/C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS Italy
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Mardani H, Maninang J, Appiah KS, Oikawa Y, Azizi M, Fujii Y. Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron ( Crocus sativus) by Using Static Exposure Method. Molecules 2019; 24:E1788. [PMID: 31072064 PMCID: PMC6539543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Safranal, the main volatile chemical of Saffron (Crocus sativus) was studied to estimate its allelopathic effects on the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, leaf electrolyte leakage, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activity of the test plant Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). In this study, the effective concentration (EC50) of safranal on CAT was estimated to be 6.12 µg/cm3. CAT activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the increase in the safranal concentration while POX activity was increased. Moreover, Safranal caused significant physiological changes in chlorophyll content, leaf electrolyte leakage, and fresh weight of several weed species with Lolium multiflorum being the most sensitive. Furthermore, 5 µM Safranal showed significant inhibitory activity against dicotyledonous in comparison to the monocotyledons under greenhouse conditions. The inhibition of the CAT by safranal was similar to those of uncompetitive inhibitors, and therefore the decline in carbon fixation by plants might be the mechanism behind the inhibitory activity of safranal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mardani
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - John Maninang
- Center for Global Communication Strategies (CGCS) College of Arts and Sciences,The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Kwame Sarpong Appiah
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yosei Oikawa
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Yoshiharu Fujii
- Center for Global Communication Strategies (CGCS) College of Arts and Sciences,The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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Zhong Z, Li N, He B, Igarashi Y, Luo F. Transcriptome analysis of differential gene expression in Dichomitus squalens during interspecific mycelial interactions and the potential link with laccase induction. J Microbiol 2018; 57:127-137. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gomes MP, Garcia QS, Barreto LC, Pimenta LPS, Matheus MT, Figueredo CC. Allelopathy: An overview from micro- to macroscopic organisms, from cells to environments, and the perspectives in a climate-changing world. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Araniti F, Scognamiglio M, Chambery A, Russo R, Esposito A, D'Abrosca B, Fiorentino A, Lupini A, Sunseri F, Abenavoli MR. Highlighting the effects of coumarin on adult plants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. by an integrated -omic approach. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 213:30-41. [PMID: 28315793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the allelochemical coumarin through a metabolomic, proteomic and morpho-physiological approach in Arabidopsis adult plants (25days old) were investigated. Metabolomic analysis evidenced an increment of amino acids and a high accumulation of soluble sugars, after 6days of coumarin treatment. This effect was accompanied by a strong decrease on plant fresh and dry weights, as well as on total protein content. On the contrary, coumarin did not affect leaf number but caused a reduction in leaf area. An alteration of water status was confirmed by a reduction of relative water content and an increase in leaf osmotic potential. Moreover, coumarin impaired plant bio-membranes through an increase of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content suggesting that coumarin treatment might induce oxidative stress. Coumarin reduced the effective quantum yield of the photosystem II, the energy dissipation in the form of heat, the maximum PSII efficiency, the coefficient of the photochemical quenching and the estimated electron transport rate, while it significantly stimulated the fluorescence emission and the coefficient of the non photochemical quenching. Finally, the proteomic characterization of coumarin-treated plants revealed a down-regulation of the ROS detoxifying proteins, responsible of oxidative damage and consequently of physiological cascade effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Monica Scognamiglio
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Brigida D'Abrosca
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Mahdavikia F, Saharkhiz MJ. Secondary metabolites of peppermint change the morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of tomato. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ahuja N, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Eugenol-inhibited root growth in Avena fatua involves ROS-mediated oxidative damage. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 118:64-70. [PMID: 25752432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant essential oils and their constituent monoterpenes are widely known plant growth retardants but their mechanism of action is not well understood. We explored the mechanism of phytotoxicity of eugenol, a monoterpenoid alcohol, proposed as a natural herbicide. Eugenol (100-1000 µM) retarded the germination of Avena fatua and strongly inhibited its root growth compared to the coleoptile growth. We further investigated the underlying physiological and biochemical alterations leading to the root growth inhibition. Eugenol induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress and membrane damage in the root tissue. ROS generation measured in terms of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical content increased significantly in the range of 24 to 144, 21 to 91, 46 to 173% over the control at 100 to 1000 µM eugenol, respectively. The disruption in membrane integrity was indicated by 25 to 125% increase in malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation byproduct), and decreased conjugated diene content (~10 to 41%). The electrolyte leakage suggesting membrane damage increased both under light as well as dark conditions measured over a period from 0 to 30 h. In defense to the oxidative damage due to eugenol, a significant upregulation in the ROS-scavenging antioxidant enzyme machinery was observed. The activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, ascorbate peroxidases, guaiacol peroxidases and glutathione reductases were elevated by ~1.5 to 2.8, 2 to 4.3, 1.9 to 5.0, 1.4 to 3.9, 2.5 to 5.5 times, respectively, in response to 100 to 1000 µM eugenol. The study concludes that eugenol inhibits early root growth through ROS-mediated oxidative damage, despite an activation of the antioxidant enzyme machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitina Ahuja
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Namkeleja HS, Tarimo MTC, Ndakidemi PA. Allelopathic Effects of <i>Argemone mexicana</i> to Growth of Native Plant Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2014.59147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lupini A, Araniti F, Sunseri F, Abenavoli MR. Gravitropic response induced by coumarin: evidences of ROS distribution involvement. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23156. [PMID: 23299434 PMCID: PMC3657015 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin effects on gravitropic responses of Arabidopsis thaliana roots were here evaluated. Coumarin alone did not cause any alteration on gravitropic response showing a behavior similar to control plants. In contrast, TIBA and NPA, two auxin transport inhibitors, strongly modified root gravitropic responses. The addition of coumarin to the medium together with TIBA or NPA partially restored the effect of both inhibitors. Simultaneously, a semi-quantitative evaluation of ROS distribution was performed on root tips. TIBA and NPA caused a wide distribution of O 2(-), ROS oxidant species, around the root tip which disappeared with coumarin addition to both treatments, restoring ROS localized distribution. These results indicated a strong correlation between ROS distribution and coumarin-mediated recovery of root gravitropism.
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García-Sánchez M, Garrido I, Casimiro IDJ, Casero PJ, Espinosa F, García-Romera I, Aranda E. Defence response of tomato seedlings to oxidative stress induced by phenolic compounds from dry olive mill residue. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:708-16. [PMID: 22818883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ADOR is an aqueous extract obtained from the dry olive mill residue (DOR) which contains the majority of its soluble phenolic compounds, which are responsible for its phytotoxic properties. Some studies have shown that ADOR negatively affects seed germination. However, to date, few studies have been carried out on the effect of ADOR on the oxidative stress of the plant. It is well known that saprobe fungi can detoxify these phenolic compounds and reduce the potential negative effects of ADOR on plants. To gain a better understanding of the phytotoxic effects and oxidative stress caused by this residue, tomato seeds were germinated in the presence of ADOR, treated and untreated with Coriolopsis rigida, Trametes versicolor, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus and Penicillium chrysogenum-10 saprobe fungi. ADOR sharply reduced tomato seed germination and also generated high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2). However, bioremediated ADOR did not negatively affect germination and reduced MDA, O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) content in different ways depending on the fungus used. In addition, the induced defense response was studied by analyzing the activity of both antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, ascorbate peroxidasa, glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidases and coniferil alcohol peroxidasa) and detoxification enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase (GST)). Our findings suggest that, because ADOR is capable of inducing oxidative stress, tomato seedlings trigger a defense response through SOD, GR, and GST activity and through antioxidant and lignification processes. On the other hand, the bioremediation of ADOR plays an important role in counteracting the oxidative stress induced by the untreated residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes García-Sánchez
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1 Apdo. 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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Artemisia scoparia essential oil inhibited root growth involves reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated disruption of oxidative metabolism: In vivo ROS detection and alterations in antioxidant enzymes. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Sytykiewicz H. Expression patterns of glutathione transferase gene (GstI) in maize seedlings under juglone-induced oxidative stress. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7982-95. [PMID: 22174645 PMCID: PMC3233451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12117982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) has been identified in organs of many plant species within Juglandaceae family. This secondary metabolite is considered as a highly bioactive substance that functions as direct oxidant stimulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in acceptor plants. Glutathione transferases (GSTs, E.C.2.5.1.18) represent an important group of cytoprotective enzymes participating in detoxification of xenobiotics and limiting oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of tested allelochemical on growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Furthermore, the effect of juglone-induced oxidative stress on glutathione transferase (GstI) gene expression patterns in maize seedlings was recorded. It was revealed that 4-day juglone treatment significantly stimulated the transcriptional activity of GstI in maize seedlings compared to control plants. By contrast, at the 6th and 8th day of experiments the expression gene responses were slightly lower as compared with non-stressed seedlings. Additionally, the specific gene expression profiles, as well as the inhibition of primary roots and coleoptile elongation were proportional to juglone concentrations. In conclusion, the results provide strong molecular evidence that allelopathic influence of juglone on growth and development of maize seedlings may be relevant with an induction of oxidative stress in acceptor plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Sytykiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 12 Street, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-25-643-1298
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Lara-Núñez A, Sánchez-Nieto S, Luisa Anaya A, Cruz-Ortega R. Phytotoxic effects of Sicyos deppei (Cucurbitaceae) in germinating tomato seeds. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 136:180-192. [PMID: 19453504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxic effect of allelochemicals is referred to as allelochemical stress and it is considered a biotic stress. Sicyos deppei G. Don (Cucurbitaceae) is an allelopathic weed that causes phytotoxicity in Lycopersicon esculentum, delaying seed germination and severely inhibiting radicle growth. This paper reports in in vitro conditions, the effects of the aqueous leachate of S. deppei-throughout tomato germination times-on (1) the dynamics of starch and sugars metabolism, (2) activity and expression of the cell wall enzymes involved in endosperm weakening that allows the protrusion of the radicle, and (3) whether abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in this altered metabolic processes. Results showed that S. deppei leachate on tomato seed germination mainly caused: (1) delay in starch degradation as well as in sucrose hydrolysis; (2) lower activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, cell wall invertase, and alpha-amylase; being sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene expression down-regulated, and the last two up regulated; (3) also, lower activity of endo beta-mannanase, beta-1,3 glucanase, alpha-galactosidase, and exo-polygalacturonase with altered gene expression; and (4) higher content of ABA during all times of germination. The phytotoxic effect of S. deppei aqueous leachate is because of the sum of many metabolic processes affected during tomato seed germination that finally is evidenced by a strong inhibition of radicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Lara-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Alelopatía. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70-275, México D.F., 04510, Mexico
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