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Yadav DK, Srivastava GP, Singh A, Singh M, Yadav N, Tuteja N. Proteome-wide analysis reveals G protein-coupled receptor-like proteins in rice ( Oryza sativa). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2365572. [PMID: 38904257 PMCID: PMC11195488 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2365572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of transmembrane proteins in metazoans that mediate the regulation of various physiological responses to discrete ligands through heterotrimeric G protein subunits. The existence of GPCRs in plant is contentious, but their comparable crucial role in various signaling pathways necessitates the identification of novel remote GPCR-like proteins that essentially interact with the plant G protein α subunit and facilitate the transduction of various stimuli. In this study, we identified three putative GPCR-like proteins (OsGPCRLPs) (LOC_Os06g09930.1, LOC_Os04g36630.1, and LOC_Os01g54784.1) in the rice proteome using a stringent bioinformatics workflow. The identified OsGPCRLPs exhibited a canonical GPCR 'type I' 7TM topology, patterns, and biologically significant sites for membrane anchorage and desensitization. Cluster-based interactome mapping revealed that the identified proteins interact with the G protein α subunit which is a characteristic feature of GPCRs. Computational results showing the interaction of identified GPCR-like proteins with G protein α subunit and its further validation by the membrane yeast-two-hybrid assay strongly suggest the presence of GPCR-like 7TM proteins in the rice proteome. The absence of a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) box in the C- terminal domain, and the presence of signature motifs of canonical GPCR in the identified OsGPCRLPs strongly suggest that the rice proteome contains GPCR-like proteins that might be involved in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Yadav
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Gyan Prakash Srivastava
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Ananya Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Madhavi Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Neelam Yadav
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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2
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Li J, Li Y, Ding Y, Song Y, Li J, Chen H, Feng G, Wang X, Ge B, Ding N, Huang F. Inverse Regulation of C-C Chemokine Receptor 3 Oligomerization by Downstream Proteins Indicates Biased Signal Transduction Pathways. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7652-7658. [PMID: 39037351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Oligomerization is one of the important mechanisms for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate their activity in signal transduction. However, details of how and why the oligomerization of GPCRs regulates their functions under physiological conditions remain largely unknown. Here, using single-molecule photobleaching technology, we show that chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) are similar to the previously reported chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) and chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24), which can regulate the oligomerization of chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). Our results further demonstrate that downstream proteins, β-arrestin 2 and Gi protein complex, on the CCR3 signal transduction pathway, can inversely regulate the oligomeric states of CCR3 induced by its binding ligands. This unexpected discovery suggests complex relationships between the oligomeric behaviors of CCR3 and the components of ligands-CCR3-downstream proteins, reflecting the potentially functional impact of the oligomerization on the multiple activation pathways of GPCR, such as biased activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhuo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Feng
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Ning Ding
- Qingdao Huangdao District Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
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3
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Soobben M, Sayed Y, Achilonu I. Exploring the evolutionary trajectory and functional landscape of cannabinoid receptors: A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108138. [PMID: 38943725 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The bioinformatic analysis of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) CB1 and CB2 reveals a detailed picture of their structure, evolution, and physiological significance within the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The study highlights the evolutionary conservation of these receptors evidenced by sequence alignments across diverse species including humans, amphibians, and fish. Both CBRs share a structural hallmark of seven transmembrane (TM) helices, characteristic of class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are critical for their signalling functions. The study reports a similarity of 44.58 % between both CBR sequences, which suggests that while their evolutionary paths and physiological roles may differ, there is considerable conservation in their structures. Pathway databases like KEGG, Reactome, and WikiPathways were employed to determine the involvement of the receptors in various signalling pathways. The pathway analyses integrated within this study offer a detailed view of the CBRs interactions within a complex network of cannabinoid-related signalling pathways. High-resolution crystal structures (PDB ID: 5U09 for CB1 and 5ZTY for CB2) provided accurate structural information, showing the binding pocket volume and surface area of the receptors, essential for ligand interaction. The comparison between these receptors' natural sequences and their engineered pseudo-CBRs (p-CBRs) showed a high degree of sequence identity, confirming the validity of using p-CBRs in receptor-ligand interaction studies. This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of the structural and functional dynamics of cannabinoid receptors, highlighting their physiological roles and their potential as therapeutic targets within the ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marushka Soobben
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Yasien Sayed
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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4
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Gutiérrez-Mondragón MA, Vellido A, König C. A Study on the Robustness and Stability of Explainable Deep Learning in an Imbalanced Setting: The Exploration of the Conformational Space of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6572. [PMID: 38928278 PMCID: PMC11203844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane proteins that transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the inside of the cells. Their ability to adopt various conformational states, which influence their function, makes them crucial in pharmacoproteomic studies. While many drugs target specific GPCR states to exert their effects-thereby regulating the protein's activity-unraveling the activation pathway remains challenging due to the multitude of intermediate transformations occurring throughout this process, and intrinsically influencing the dynamics of the receptors. In this context, computational modeling, particularly molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, may offer valuable insights into the dynamics and energetics of GPCR transformations, especially when combined with machine learning (ML) methods and techniques for achieving model interpretability for knowledge generation. The current study builds upon previous work in which the layer relevance propagation (LRP) technique was employed to interpret the predictions in a multi-class classification problem concerning the conformational states of the β2-adrenergic (β2AR) receptor from MD simulations. Here, we address the challenges posed by class imbalance and extend previous analyses by evaluating the robustness and stability of deep learning (DL)-based predictions under different imbalance mitigation techniques. By meticulously evaluating explainability and imbalance strategies, we aim to produce reliable and robust insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Gutiérrez-Mondragón
- Computer Science Department, Intelligent Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (IDEAI-UPC) Research Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.G.-M.); (A.V.)
| | - Alfredo Vellido
- Computer Science Department, Intelligent Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (IDEAI-UPC) Research Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.G.-M.); (A.V.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Caroline König
- Computer Science Department, Intelligent Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (IDEAI-UPC) Research Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.G.-M.); (A.V.)
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Thotamune W, Ubeysinghe S, Rajarathna C, Kankanamge D, Olupothage K, Chandu A, Copits BA, Karunarathne A. AGS3-based optogenetic GDI induces GPCR-independent Gβγ signaling and macrophage migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597473. [PMID: 38895415 PMCID: PMC11185739 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are efficient Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and exchange GDP to GTP on the Gα subunit of G protein heterotrimers in response to various extracellular stimuli, including neurotransmitters and light. GPCRs primarily broadcast signals through activated G proteins, GαGTP, and free Gβγ, and are major disease drivers. Evidence shows that the ambient low threshold signaling required for cells is likely supplemented by signaling regulators such as non-GPCR GEFs and Guanine nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors (GDIs). Activators of G protein Signaling 3 (AGS3) are recognized as a GDI involved in multiple health and disease-related processes. Nevertheless, understanding of AGS3 is limited, and no significant information is available on its structure-function relationship or signaling regulation in living cells. Here, we employed in silico structure-guided engineering of a novel optogenetic GDI, based on the AGS3's G protein regulatory (GPR) motif, to understand its GDI activity and induce standalone Gβγ signaling in living cells on optical command. Our results demonstrate that plasma membrane recruitment of OptoGDI efficiently releases Gβγ, and its subcellular targeting generated localized PIP3 and triggered macrophage migration. Therefore, we propose OptoGDI as a powerful tool for optically dissecting GDI-mediated signaling pathways and triggering GPCR-independent Gβγ signaling in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Sithurandi Ubeysinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Chathuri Rajarathna
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Dinesh Kankanamge
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Koshala Olupothage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Aditya Chandu
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Bryan A. Copits
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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6
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Birgül Iyison N, Abboud C, Abboud D, Abdulrahman AO, Bondar AN, Dam J, Georgoussi Z, Giraldo J, Horvat A, Karoussiotis C, Paz-Castro A, Scarpa M, Schihada H, Scholz N, Güvenc Tuna B, Vardjan N. ERNEST COST action overview on the (patho)physiology of GPCRs and orphan GPCRs in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38825750 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell surface receptors that play a critical role in nervous system function by transmitting signals between cells and their environment. They are involved in many, if not all, nervous system processes, and their dysfunction has been linked to various neurological disorders representing important drug targets. This overview emphasises the GPCRs of the nervous system, which are the research focus of the members of ERNEST COST action (CA18133) working group 'Biological roles of signal transduction'. First, the (patho)physiological role of the nervous system GPCRs in the modulation of synapse function is discussed. We then debate the (patho)physiology and pharmacology of opioid, acetylcholine, chemokine, melatonin and adhesion GPCRs in the nervous system. Finally, we address the orphan GPCRs, their implication in the nervous system function and disease, and the challenges that need to be addressed to deorphanize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Birgül Iyison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Bogazici, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Clauda Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Jülich, Germany
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zafiroula Georgoussi
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anemari Horvat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christos Karoussiotis
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Alba Paz-Castro
- Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs research group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Miriam Scarpa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bilge Güvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Chang CC, Chen CH, Hsu SY, Leu S. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GPR22 ameliorates cardiac injury in mice with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:287. [PMID: 38816768 PMCID: PMC11138089 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) signaling by external stimuli has been implicated in inducing cardiac stress and stress responses. GPR22 is an orphan GPCR expressed in brains and hearts, while its expression level is associated with cardiovascular damage in diabetes. Previous studies have suggested a protective role of GPR22 in mechanical cardiac stress, as loss of its expression increases susceptibility to heart failure post-ventricular pressure overload. However, the involvement and underlying signaling of GPR22 in cardiac stress response to ischemic stress remains unexplored. METHODS In this study, we used cultured cells and a transgenic mouse model with cardiomyocyte-specific GPR22 overexpression to investigate the impact of ischemic stress on GPR22 expression and to elucidate its role in myocardial ischemic injury. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced by left coronary artery ligation in eight-week-old male GPR22 transgenic mice, followed by histopathological and biochemical examination four weeks post-AMI induction. RESULTS GPR22 expression in H9C2 and RL-14 cells, two cardiomyocyte cell lines, was decreased by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) treatment. Similarly, reduced expression of myocardial GPR22 was observed in mice with AMI. Histopathological examinations revealed a protective effect of GPR22 overexpression in attenuating myocardial infarction in mice with AMI. Furthermore, myocardial levels of Bcl-2 and activation of PI3K-Akt signaling were downregulated by ischemic stress and upregulated by GPR22 overexpression. Conversely, the expression levels of caspase-3 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 in the infarcted myocardium were downregulated with GPR22 overexpression. CONCLUSION Myocardial ischemic stress downregulates cardiac expression of GPR22, whereas overexpression of GPR22 in cardiomyocytes upregulates Akt signaling, downregulates ERK activation, and mitigates ischemia-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Steve Leu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.
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8
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Wang C, Gamage PL, Jiang W, Mudalige T. Excipient-related impurities in liposome drug products. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124164. [PMID: 38688429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as drug delivery systems to increase the efficacy and reduce the off-target toxicity of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The liposomes are more complex drug delivery systems than the traditional dosage forms, and phospholipids and cholesterol are the major structural excipients. These two excipients undergo hydrolysis and/or oxidation during liposome preparation and storage, resulting in lipids hydrolyzed products (LHPs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in the final liposomal formulations. These excipient-related impurities at elevated concentrations may affect liposome stability and exert biological functions. This review focuses on LHPs and COPs, two major categories of excipient-related impurities in the liposomal formulations, and discusses factors affecting their formation, and analytical methods to determine these excipient-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Wang
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Prabhath L Gamage
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| | - Thilak Mudalige
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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9
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Kim S, Mollaei P, Antony A, Magar R, Barati Farimani A. GPCR-BERT: Interpreting Sequential Design of G Protein-Coupled Receptors Using Protein Language Models. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1134-1144. [PMID: 38340054 PMCID: PMC10900288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
With the rise of transformers and large language models (LLMs) in chemistry and biology, new avenues for the design and understanding of therapeutics have been opened up to the scientific community. Protein sequences can be modeled as language and can take advantage of recent advances in LLMs, specifically with the abundance of our access to the protein sequence data sets. In this letter, we developed the GPCR-BERT model for understanding the sequential design of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are the target of over one-third of Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmaceuticals. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the relationship among amino acid sequence, ligand selectivity, and conformational motifs (such as NPxxY, CWxP, and E/DRY). By utilizing the pretrained protein model (Prot-Bert) and fine-tuning with prediction tasks of variations in the motifs, we were able to shed light on several relationships between residues in the binding pocket and some of the conserved motifs. To achieve this, we took advantage of attention weights and hidden states of the model that are interpreted to extract the extent of contributions of amino acids in dictating the type of masked ones. The fine-tuned models demonstrated high accuracy in predicting hidden residues within the motifs. In addition, the analysis of embedding was performed over 3D structures to elucidate the higher-order interactions within the conformations of the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Parisa Mollaei
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Akshay Antony
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rishikesh Magar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amir Barati Farimani
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Machine
Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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10
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Shamsi A, Khan MS, Altwaijry N, Hassan N, Shahwan M, Yadav DK. Targeting PDE4A for therapeutic potential: exploiting drug repurposing approach through virtual screening and molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38287492 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4 A (PDE4A) holds a pivotal role in modulating intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Targeting PDE4A with novel therapeutic agents shows promise in addressing neurological disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), mood disorders (depression, anxiety), inflammatory conditions (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and even cancer. In this study, we present a comprehensive approach that integrates virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify potential inhibitors of PDE4A from the existing pool of FDA-approved drugs. The initial compound selection was conducted focusing on binding affinity scores, which led to the identification of several high-affinity compounds with potential PDE4A binding properties. From the refined selection process, two promising compounds, Fluspirilene and Dihydroergocristine, emerged as strong candidates, displaying substantial affinity and specificity for the PDE4A binding site. Interaction analysis provided robust evidence of their binding capabilities. To gain deeper insights into the dynamic behavior of Fluspirilene and Dihydroergocristine in complex with PDE4A, we conducted 300 ns MD simulations, principal components analysis (PCA), and free energy landscape (FEL) analysis. These analyses revealed that Fluspirilene and Dihydroergocristine binding stabilized the PDE4A structure and induced minimal conformational changes, highlighting their potential as potent binders. In conclusion, our study systematically explores repurposing existing FDA-approved drugs as PDE4A inhibitors through a comprehensive virtual screening pipeline. The identified compounds, Fluspirilene and Dihydroergocristine, exhibit a strong affinity for PDE4A, displaying characteristics that support their suitability for further development as potential therapeutic agents for conditions associated with PDE4A dysfunction.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nojood Altwaijry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nageeb Hassan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ubeysinghe S, Kankanamge D, Thotamune W, Wijayaratna D, Mohan TM, Karunarathne A. Spatiotemporal Optical Control of Gαq-PLCβ Interactions. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:242-258. [PMID: 38092428 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cells experience time-varying and spatially heterogeneous chemokine signals in vivo, activating cell surface proteins including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Gαq pathway activation by GPCRs is a major signaling axis with broad physiological and pathological significance. Compared with other Gα members, GαqGTP activates many crucial effectors, including PLCβ (Phospholipase Cβ) and Rho GEFs (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors). PLCβ regulates many key processes, such as hematopoiesis, synaptogenesis, and cell cycle, and is therefore implicated in terminal-debilitating diseases, including cancer, epilepsy, Huntington's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. However, due to a lack of genetic and pharmacological tools, examining how the dynamic regulation of PLCβ signaling controls cellular physiology has been difficult. Since activated PLCβ induces several abrupt cellular changes, including cell morphology, examining how the other pathways downstream of Gq-GPCRs contribute to the overall signaling has also been difficult. Here we show the engineering, validation, and application of a highly selective and efficient optogenetic inhibitor (Opto-dHTH) to completely disrupt GαqGTP-PLCβ interactions reversibly in user-defined cellular-subcellular regions on optical command. Using this newly gained PLCβ signaling control, our data indicate that the molecular competition between RhoGEFs and PLCβ for GαqGTP determines the potency of Gq-GPCR-governed directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithurandi Ubeysinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Dinesh Kankanamge
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Dhanushan Wijayaratna
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Thomas M Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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12
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Miao X, Shen S, Koch G, Wang X, Li J, Shen X, Qu J, Straubinger RM, Jusko WJ. Systems pharmacodynamic model of combined gemcitabine and trabectedin in pancreatic cancer cells. Part I.Çô Effects on signal transduction pathways related to tumor growth. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:214-227. [PMID: 38498417 PMCID: PMC11017371 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often chemotherapy-resistant, and novel drug combinations would fill an unmet clinical need. Previously we reported synergistic cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine and trabectedin on pancreatic cancer cells, but underlying protein-level interaction mechanisms remained unclear. We employed a reliable, sensitive, comprehensive, quantitative, high-throughput IonStar proteomic workflow to investigate the time course of gemcitabine and trabectedin effects, alone and combined, upon pancreatic cancer cells. MiaPaCa-2 cells were incubated with vehicle (controls), gemcitabine, trabectedin, and their combinations over 72 hours. Samples were collected at intervals and analyzed using the label-free IonStar liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) workflow to provide temporal quantification of protein expression for 4,829 proteins in four experimental groups. To characterize diverse signal transduction pathways, a comprehensive systems pharmacodynamic (SPD) model was developed. The analysis is presented in two parts. Here, Part I describes drug responses in cancer cell growth and migration pathways included in the full model: receptor tyrosine kinase- (RTK), integrin-, G-protein coupled receptor- (GPCR), and calcium-signaling pathways. The developed model revealed multiple underlying mechanisms of drug actions, provides insight into the basis of drug interaction synergism, and offers a scientific rationale for potential drug combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Gilbert Koch
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research Center, University of Basel, Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xue Wang
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jun Li
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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13
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Sonawani A, Naglekar A, Kharche S, Sengupta D. Assessing Protein-Protein Docking Protocols: Case Studies of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2780:257-280. [PMID: 38987472 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3985-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The interactions of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with other proteins are critical in several cellular processes but resolving their structural dynamics remains challenging. An increasing number of GPCR complexes have been experimentally resolved but others including receptor variants are yet to be characterized, necessitating computational predictions of their interactions. Although integrative approaches with multi-scale simulations would provide rigorous estimates of their conformational dynamics, protein-protein docking remains a first tool of choice of many researchers due to the availability of open-source programs and easy to use web servers with reasonable predictive power. Protein-protein docking algorithms have limited ability to consider protein flexibility, environment effects, and entropy contributions and are usually a first step towards more integrative approaches. The two critical steps of docking: the sampling and scoring algorithms have improved considerably and their performance has been validated against experimental data. In this chapter, we provide an overview and generalized protocol of a few docking protocols using GPCRs as test cases. In particular, we demonstrate the interactions of GPCRs with extracellular protein ligands and an intracellular protein effectors (G-protein) predicted from docking approaches and test their limitations. The current chapter will help researchers critically assess docking protocols and predict experimentally testable structures of GPCR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sonawani
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Naglekar
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Durba Sengupta
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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14
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Asteriti S, Marino V, Avesani A, Biasi A, Dal Cortivo G, Cangiano L, Dell'Orco D. Recombinant protein delivery enables modulation of the phototransduction cascade in mouse retina. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:371. [PMID: 38001384 PMCID: PMC10673981 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies are often associated with mutations in the genes involved in the phototransduction cascade in photoreceptors, a paradigmatic signaling pathway mediated by G protein-coupled receptors. Photoreceptor viability is strictly dependent on the levels of the second messengers cGMP and Ca2+. Here we explored the possibility of modulating the phototransduction cascade in mouse rods using direct or liposome-mediated administration of a recombinant protein crucial for regulating the interplay of the second messengers in photoreceptor outer segments. The effects of administration of the free and liposome-encapsulated human guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1 (GCAP1) were compared in biological systems of increasing complexity (in cyto, ex vivo, and in vivo). The analysis of protein biodistribution and the direct measurement of functional alteration in rod photoresponses show that the exogenous GCAP1 protein is fully incorporated into the mouse retina and photoreceptor outer segments. Furthermore, only in the presence of a point mutation associated with cone-rod dystrophy in humans p.(E111V), protein delivery induces a disease-like electrophysiological phenotype, consistent with constitutive activation of the retinal guanylate cyclase. Our study demonstrates that both direct and liposome-mediated protein delivery are powerful complementary tools for targeting signaling cascades in neuronal cells, which could be particularly important for the treatment of autosomal dominant genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Asteriti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
- Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, 56123, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Marino
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Avesani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Amedeo Biasi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuditta Dal Cortivo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cangiano
- Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, 56123, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniele Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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15
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Senapati S, Park PSH. Understanding the Rhodopsin Worldview Through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Structure, Stability, and Activity Studies. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300113. [PMID: 37265335 PMCID: PMC10908267 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhodopsin is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) present in the rod outer segment (ROS) of photoreceptor cells that initiates the phototransduction cascade required for scotopic vision. Due to the remarkable advancements in technological tools, the chemistry of rhodopsin has begun to unravel especially over the past few decades, but mostly at the ensemble scale. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a tool capable of providing critical information from a single-molecule point of view. In this regard, to bolster our understanding of rhodopsin at the nanoscale level, AFM-based imaging, force spectroscopy, and nano-indentation techniques were employed on ROS disc membranes containing rhodopsin, isolated from vertebrate species both in normal and diseased states. These AFM studies on samples from native retinal tissue have provided fundamental insights into the structure and function of rhodopsin under normal and dysfunctional states. We review here the findings from these AFM studies that provide important insights on the supramolecular organization of rhodopsin within the membrane and factors that contribute to this organization, the molecular interactions stabilizing the structure of the receptor and factors that can modify those interactions, and the mechanism underlying constitutive activity in the receptor that can cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Senapati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Prayoga Institute of Education Research, Bengaluru, KA 560116, India
| | - Paul S-H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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16
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Pang S, Liu J, Li T, Ye K, Yan Z, Zhao L, Bao C. Folding and Unfolding of a Fully Synthetic Transmembrane Receptor for ON/OFF Signal Transduction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20761-20766. [PMID: 37699413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction processes in living organisms are mainly transmitted through conformational changes in transmembrane protein receptors. So far, the development of signal transduction models induced by artificial simulation of conformational changes remains limited. We herein report a new artificial receptor that achieves controllable "ON/OFF" signal transduction through conformational changes between the folding and unfolding of a transmembrane foldamer moiety. The receptor contains three functional modules: a lipid-anchored cholic acid headgroup, a foldamer transmembrane moiety, and a precatalyst tailgroup. After inserting in the lipid membrane, the addition of Zn2+ induces unfolding of the foldamer, which changes the molecular conformation and activates the tailgroup to enter the cavity to perform its catalytic task, resulting in signal transduction in an "ON" state. By further adding a competitive ligand to bind Zn2+, the transduction can be turned "OFF". External signals can be used to reversibly switch intravesicular catalysis on and off, which provides a new model for constructing artificial signal transduction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Pang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tianlong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zexin Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunyan Bao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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17
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Park B, Bang S, Hwang KS, Cha YK, Kwak J, Tran NL, Kim HS, Park S, Oh SJ, Im M, Chung S, Kim J, Park TH, Song HS, Kim HN, Kim JH. Eye-Mimicked Neural Network Composed of Photosensitive Neural Spheroids with Human Opsin Proteins. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302996. [PMID: 37377148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro model, composed of the short-wavelength human opsins and rhodopsins, is created. Two types of photosensitive neural spheroids are transfected for selective reaction under bluish-purple and green lights. These are employed to two devices with intact neuron and neural-spheroid to study the interaction. By photostimulation, the photosensitive spheroid initiated photoactivation, and the signal generated from its body is transmitted to adjacent neural networks. Specifically, the signal traveled through the axon bundle in narrow gap from photosensitive spheroid to intact spheroid as an eye-to-brain model including optic nerve. The whole process with photosensitive spheroid is monitored by calcium ion detecting fluorescence images. The results of this study can be applied to examine vision restoration and novel photosensitive biological systems with spectral sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongho Park
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyoung Bang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seob Hwang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Cha
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Kwak
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ly Tran
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Suk Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Subeen Park
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Maesoon Im
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Song
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ubeysinghe S, Kankanamge D, Thotamune W, Wijayaratna D, Mohan TM, Karunarathne A. Spatiotemporal optical control of Gαq-PLCβ interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552801. [PMID: 37609229 PMCID: PMC10441412 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Cells experience time-varying and spatially heterogeneous chemokine signals in vivo, activating cell surface proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Gαq pathway activation by GPCRs is a major signaling axis with a broad physiological and pathological significance. Compared to other Gα members, GαqGTP activates many crucial effectors, including PLCβ (Phospholipase Cβ) and Rho GEFs (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors). PLCβ regulates many key processes, such as hematopoiesis, synaptogenesis, and cell cycle, and is therefore implicated in terminal - debilitating diseases, including cancer, epilepsy, Huntington's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. However, due to a lack of genetic and pharmacological tools, examining how the dynamic regulation of PLCβ signaling controls cellular physiology has been difficult. Since activated PLCβ induces several abrupt cellular changes, including cell morphology, examining how the other pathways downstream of Gq-GPCRs contribute to the overall signaling has also been difficult. Here we show the engineering, validation, and application of a highly selective and efficient optogenetic inhibitor (Opto-dHTH) to completely disrupt GαqGTP-PLCβ interactions reversibly in user-defined cellular-subcellular regions on optical command. Using this newly gained PLCβ signaling control, our data indicate that the molecular competition between RhoGEFs and PLCβ for GαqGTP determines the potency of Gq-GPCR-governed directional cell migration.
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19
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Poudel B, Rajeshwar T R, Vanegas JM. Membrane mediated mechanical stimuli produces distinct active-like states in the AT1 receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4690. [PMID: 37542033 PMCID: PMC10403497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) receptor is one of the most widely studied GPCRs within the context of biased signaling. While the AT1 receptor is activated by agonists such as the peptide AngII, it can also be activated by mechanical stimuli such as membrane stretch or shear in the absence of a ligand. Despite the importance of mechanical activation of the AT1 receptor in biological processes such as vasoconstriction, little is known about the structural changes induced by external physical stimuli mediated by the surrounding lipid membrane. Here, we present a systematic simulation study that characterizes the activation of the AT1 receptor under various membrane environments and mechanical stimuli. We show that stability of the active state is highly sensitive to membrane thickness and tension. Structural comparison of membrane-mediated vs. agonist-induced activation shows that the AT1 receptor has distinct active conformations. This is supported by multi-microsecond free energy calculations that show unique landscapes for the inactive and various active states. Our modeling results provide structural insights into the mechanical activation of the AT1 receptor and how it may produce different functional outcomes within the framework of biased agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Poudel
- Materials Science Graduate Program, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Rajitha Rajeshwar T
- Department of Physics, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Juan M Vanegas
- Materials Science Graduate Program, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
- Department of Physics, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
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20
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Fouillen A, Bous J, Granier S, Mouillac B, Sounier R. Bringing GPCR Structural Biology to Medical Applications: Insights from Both V2 Vasopressin and Mu-Opioid Receptors. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:606. [PMID: 37367810 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile signaling proteins that regulate key physiological processes in response to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli. The last decade has seen a revolution in the structural biology of clinically important GPCRs. Indeed, the improvement in molecular and biochemical methods to study GPCRs and their transducer complexes, together with advances in cryo-electron microscopy, NMR development, and progress in molecular dynamic simulations, have led to a better understanding of their regulation by ligands of different efficacy and bias. This has also renewed a great interest in GPCR drug discovery, such as finding biased ligands that can either promote or not promote specific regulations. In this review, we focus on two therapeutically relevant GPCR targets, the V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) and the mu-opioid receptor (µOR), to shed light on the recent structural biology studies and show the impact of this integrative approach on the determination of new potential clinical effective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Fouillen
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Bous
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sébastien Granier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Mouillac
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Remy Sounier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France
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21
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Naimo GD, Paolì A, Giordano F, Forestiero M, Panno ML, Andò S, Mauro L. Unraveling the Role of Adiponectin Receptors in Obesity-Related Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108907. [PMID: 37240258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a noteworthy role in breast tumor initiation and progression. Among the mechanisms proposed, the most validated is the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, supported by immune cell infiltration along with dysfunction in adipose tissue biology, characterized by an imbalance in adipocytokines secretion and alteration of their receptors within the tumor microenvironment. Many of these receptors belong to the seven-transmembrane receptor family, which are involved in physiological features, such as immune responses and metabolism, as well as in the development and progression of several malignancies, including breast cancer. These receptors are classified as canonical (G protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs) and atypical receptors, which fail to interact and activate G proteins. Among the atypical receptors, adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) mediate the effect of adiponectin, the most abundant adipocytes-derived hormone, on breast cancer cell proliferation, whose serum levels are reduced in obesity. The adiponectin/AdipoRs axis is becoming increasingly important regarding its role in breast tumorigenesis and as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. The objectives of this review are as follows: to point out the structural and functional differences between GPCRs and AdipoRs, and to focus on the effect of AdipoRs activation in the development and progression of obesity-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolì
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Martina Forestiero
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Panno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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22
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Dey S, Ghosh A, Banerjee M. A mathematical modeling technique to understand the role of decoy receptors in ligand-receptor interaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6523. [PMID: 37085701 PMCID: PMC10121693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ligand-receptor interaction is fundamental to many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells such as cell migration, proliferation, adhesion, signaling and so on. Cell migration is a central process in the development of organisms. Receptor induced chemo-tactic sensitivity plays an important role in cell migration. However, recently some receptors identified as decoy receptors, obstruct some mechanisms of certain regular receptors. DcR3 is one such important decoy receptor, generally found in glioma cell, RCC cell and many various malignant cells which obstruct some mechanism including apoptosis cell-signaling, cell inflammation, cell migration. The goal of our work is to mathematically formulate ligand-receptor interaction induced cell migration in the presence of decoy receptors. We develop here a novel mathematical model, consisting of four coupled partial differential equations which predict the movement of glioma cells due to the reaction-kinetic mechanism between regular receptors CD95, its ligand CD95L and decoy receptors DcR3 as obtained in experimental results. The aim is to measure the number of cells in the chamber's filter for different concentrations of ligand in presence of decoy receptors and compute the distance travelled by the cells inside filter due to cell migration. Using experimental results, we validate our model which suggests that the concentration of ligands plays an important role in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dey
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Ghosh
- Department of Mathematics, Texas A &M Commerce, Commerce, TX, USA.
| | - Malay Banerjee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Kaur G, Verma SK, Singh D, Singh NK. Role of G-Proteins and GPCRs in Cardiovascular Pathologies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010076. [PMID: 36671648 PMCID: PMC9854459 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling is a fundamental process that enables cells to survive under various ecological and environmental contexts and imparts tolerance towards stressful conditions. The basic machinery for cell signaling includes a receptor molecule that senses and receives the signal. The primary form of the signal might be a hormone, light, an antigen, an odorant, a neurotransmitter, etc. Similarly, heterotrimeric G-proteins principally provide communication from the plasma membrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the inner compartments of the cells to control various biochemical activities. G-protein-coupled signaling regulates different physiological functions in the targeted cell types. This review article discusses G-proteins' signaling and regulation functions and their physiological relevance. In addition, we also elaborate on the role of G-proteins in several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Verma
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Deepak Singh
- Lloyd Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Nikhlesh K. Singh
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chda A, Bencheikh R. Flavonoids as G Protein-coupled Receptors Ligands: New Potential Therapeutic Natural Drugs. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1346-1363. [PMID: 38037994 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501268871231127105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the largest family of cell surface receptors found in the human genome. They govern a wide range of physiological responses in both health and diseases, making them one of the potential targeted surface receptors for pharmaceuticals. Flavonoids can modulate GPCRs activity by acting as allosteric ligands. They can either enhance or reduce the GPCR's effect. Emerging research shows that individual flavonoids or mixtures of flavonoids from plant extracts can have relevant pharmacological effects against a number of diseases, particularly by influencing GPCRs. In the present review, we are considering to give a comprehensive overview of flavonoids and related compounds that exhibit GPCRs activity and to further explore which beneficial structural features. Molecular docking was used to strengthen experimental evidence and describe flavonoid-GPCRs interactions at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alae Chda
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LM2BM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Road of Immouzer, PO Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques - Fez. Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LM2BM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Road of Immouzer, PO Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
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25
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Sharma L, Bisht GS. Short Antimicrobial Peptides: Therapeutic Potential and Recent Advancements. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3005-3017. [PMID: 38018196 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128248959231102114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lot of interest in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as potential next-generation antibiotics. They are components of the innate immune system. AMPs have broad-spectrum action and are less prone to resistance development. They show potential applications in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and the food industry. However, despite the good activity and safety profiles, AMPs have had difficulty finding success in the clinic due to their various limitations, such as production cost, proteolytic susceptibility, and oral bioavailability. To overcome these flaws, a number of solutions have been devised, one of which is developing short antimicrobial peptides. Short antimicrobial peptides do have an advantage over longer peptides as they are more stable and do not collapse during absorption. They have generated a lot of interest because of their evolutionary success and advantageous properties, such as low molecular weight, selective targets, cell or organelles with minimal toxicity, and enormous therapeutic potential. This article provides an overview of the development of short antimicrobial peptides with an emphasis on those with ≤ 30 amino acid residues as a potential therapeutic agent to fight drug-resistant microorganisms. It also emphasizes their applications in many fields and discusses their current state in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gopal Singh Bisht
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
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26
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Stäubert C, Wozniak M, Dupuis N, Laschet C, Pillaiyar T, Hanson J. Superconserved receptors expressed in the brain: Expression, function, motifs and evolution of an orphan receptor family. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108217. [PMID: 35644261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GPR27, GPR85 and GPR173 constitute a small family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that share the distinctive characteristics of being highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution and predominantly expressed in the brain. Accordingly, they have been coined as "Superconserved Receptors Expressed in the Brain" (SREB), although their expression profile is more complex than what was originally thought. SREBs have no known validated endogenous ligands and are thus labeled as "orphan" receptors. The investigation of this particular category of uncharacterized receptors holds great promise both in terms of physiology and drug development. In the largest GPCR family, the Rhodopsin-like or Class A, around 100 receptors are considered orphans. Because GPCRs are the most successful source of drug targets, the discovery of a novel function or ligand most likely will lead to significant breakthroughs for the discovery of innovative therapies. The high level of conservation is one of the characteristic features of the SREBs. We propose herein a detailed analysis of the putative evolutionary origin of this family. We highlight the properties that distinguish SREBs from other rhodopsin-like GPCRs. We present the current evidence for these receptors downstream signaling pathways and functions. We discuss the pharmacological challenge for the identification of natural or synthetic ligands of orphan receptors like SREBs. The different SREB-related scientific questions are presented with a highlight on what should be addressed in the near future, including the confirmation of published evidence and their validation as drug targets. In particular, we discuss in which pathological conditions these receptors may be of great relevance to solve unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stäubert
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Monika Wozniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadine Dupuis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Laschet
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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27
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The apelin/APJ signaling system and cytoprotection: Role of its cross-talk with kappa opioid receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bisht S, Chawla B, Kumar A, Vijayan V, Kumar M, Sharma P, Dada R. Identification of novel genes by targeted exome sequencing in Retinoblastoma. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:771-788. [PMID: 35930312 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is initiated by mutation in both alleles of RB1 gene. However, few cases may occur even in the absence of RB1 mutation suggesting the role of genes other than RB1. METHODOLOGY The current study was planned to utilize targeted exome sequencing in Indian RB patients affected with unilateral non-familial RB. 75 unilateral RB patients below 5 years of age were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and tumor tissue. From peripheral blood DNA, all coding and exon/intron regions were amplified using PCR and direct sequencing. Cases which did not harbor pathogenic variants in peripheral blood DNA were further screened for mutations in their tumor tissue DNA using targeted exome sequencing. Three pathogenicity prediction tools (Mutation Taster, SIFT, and PolyPhen-2) were used to determine the pathogenicity of non-synonymous variations. An in-house bioinformatics pipeline was devised for the mutation screening by targeted exome sequencing. Protein modeling studies were also done to predict the effect of the mutations on the protein structure and function. RESULTS Using the mentioned approach, we found two novel variants (g.69673_69674insT and g.48373314C>A) in RB1 gene in peripheral blood DNA. We also found novel variants in eight genes (RB1, ACAD11, GPR151, KCNA1, OTOR, SOX30, ARL11, and MYCT1) that may be associated with RB pathogenesis. CONCLUSION The present study expands our current knowledge regarding the genomic landscape of RB and also highlights the importance of NGS technologies to detect genes and novel variants that may play an important role in cancer initiation, progression, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bisht
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhavna Chawla
- Ocular Oncology Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Vijayan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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29
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Caniceiro AB, Bueschbell B, Schiedel AC, Moreira IS. Class A and C GPCR Dimers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2081-2141. [PMID: 35339177 PMCID: PMC9886835 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327221830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect over 30 million people worldwide with an ascending trend. Most individuals suffering from these irreversible brain damages belong to the elderly population, with onset between 50 and 60 years. Although the pathophysiology of such diseases is partially known, it remains unclear upon which point a disease turns degenerative. Moreover, current therapeutics can treat some of the symptoms but often have severe side effects and become less effective in long-term treatment. For many neurodegenerative diseases, the involvement of G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs), which are key players of neuronal transmission and plasticity, has become clearer and holds great promise in elucidating their biological mechanism. With this review, we introduce and summarize class A and class C GPCRs, known to form heterodimers or oligomers to increase their signalling repertoire. Additionally, the examples discussed here were shown to display relevant alterations in brain signalling and had already been associated with the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, we classified the heterodimers into two categories of crosstalk, positive or negative, for which there is known evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Caniceiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; ,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,Address correspondence to this author at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; E-mail:
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30
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Implications of a Neuronal Receptor Family, Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, in Cancer Development and Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182857. [PMID: 36139432 PMCID: PMC9496915 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death, and incidences are increasing globally. Simply defined, cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of a cell, and depending on the tissue of origin, the cancer etiology, biology, progression, prognosis, and treatment will differ. Carcinogenesis and its progression are associated with genetic factors that can either be inherited and/or acquired and are classified as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. Many of these genetic factors converge on common signaling pathway(s), such as the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. In this review, we will focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family, an upstream protein that transmits extracellular signals into the cell and has been shown to regulate many aspects of tumor development and progression. We explore the involvement of members of this receptor family in various cancers that include breast cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, kidney cancer, melanoma, oral cancer, osteosarcoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and T-cell cancers. Intriguingly, depending on the member, mGluRs can either be classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, although in general most act as an oncogene. The extensive work done to elucidate the role of mGluRs in various cancers suggests that it might be a viable strategy to therapeutically target glutamatergic signaling.
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31
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Parween F, Sarker A, Gupta RD. Chlorpyrifos and parathion regulate oxidative stress differentially through the expression of paraoxonase 2 in human neuroblastoma cell. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:60-70. [PMID: 36058312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) compounds are frequently linked to both chronic and acute forms of nervous system disorders. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and parathion (PA) are two of the most widely used OP insecticides throughout the world. These compounds are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and cause a cholinergic crisis. However, there are other non-cholinergic effects of the OP compounds as well. The role of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in the metabolism of OP compounds is well established owing to its significant organophosphatase activity. Since PON2 has no paraoxonase activity and the level of its expression is 20-40 fold higher in the brain, in this article the role of PON2 in response to CPF and PA exposure concerning both cholinergic and non-cholinergic effects are explored. The effect of these OPs on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), PON2 gene expression, and function was studied. Glutathione level, esterase activity, and paraoxonase activity were also measured in CPF- and PA-treated IMR-32 cells. At these levels, both CPF and PA showed different impacts on IMR-32 cells. PA at higher concentrations (50-200µM) proved to be less toxic than CPF. Interestingly, induction of ROS was also lower in the case of PA-treated cells as compared to the CPF. However, PON2 protein expression was increased with the increasing concentration of PA and decreased with the increasing concentration of CPF. To explore the possible mechanism of the differential regulation of PON2 gene expression by CPF and PA, we investigated the possible binding and signaling through the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2AChR). Since M2AChRs are similar to G-protein coupled receptors and function through cAMP signalling, we measured the cAMP level after CPF and PA treatment CPF- and PA-treated IMR-32 cells can be used as a model to study the mechanism by which PON2 acts as a ROS scavenger in response to xenobiotics stimulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Parween
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Animesh Sarker
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India.
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Xie C, Habif JC, Ukhanov K, Uytingco CR, Zhang L, Campbell RJ, Martens JR. Reversal of ciliary mechanisms of disassembly rescues olfactory dysfunction in ciliopathies. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158736. [PMID: 35771640 PMCID: PMC9462494 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a class of genetic diseases resulting in cilia dysfunction in multiple organ systems, including the olfactory system. Currently, there are no available curative treatments for olfactory dysfunction and other symptoms in ciliopathies. The loss or shortening of olfactory cilia, as seen in multiple mouse models of the ciliopathy Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS), results in olfactory dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism of the olfactory cilia reduction is unknown, thus limiting the development of therapeutic approaches for BBS and other ciliopathies. Here, we demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], a phosphoinositide typically excluded from olfactory cilia, aberrantly redistributed into the residual cilia of BBS mouse models, which caused F-actin ciliary infiltration. Importantly, PI(4,5)P2 and F-actin were necessary for olfactory cilia shortening. Using a gene therapeutic approach, the hydrolyzation of PI(4,5)P2 by overexpression of inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E) restored cilia length and rescued odor detection and odor perception in BBS. Together, our data indicate that PI(4,5)P2/F-actin–dependent cilia disassembly is a common mechanism contributing to the loss of olfactory cilia in BBS and provide valuable pan-therapeutic intervention targets for the treatment of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Julien C Habif
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Robert J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
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Reproductive-Stage Heat Stress in Cereals: Impact, Plant Responses and Strategies for Tolerance Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136929. [PMID: 35805930 PMCID: PMC9266455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive-stage heat stress (RSHS) poses a major constraint to cereal crop production by damaging main plant reproductive structures and hampering reproductive processes, including pollen and stigma viability, pollination, fertilization, grain setting and grain filling. Despite this well-recognized fact, research on crop heat stress (HS) is relatively recent compared to other abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, and in particular, RSHS studies in cereals are considerably few in comparison with seedling-stage and vegetative-stage-centered studies. Meanwhile, climate change-exacerbated HS, independently or synergistically with drought, will have huge implications on crop performance and future global food security. Fortunately, due to their sedentary nature, crop plants have evolved complex and diverse transient and long-term mechanisms to perceive, transduce, respond and adapt to HS at the molecular, cell, physiological and whole plant levels. Therefore, uncovering the molecular and physiological mechanisms governing plant response and tolerance to RSHS facilitates the designing of effective strategies to improve HS tolerance in cereal crops. In this review, we update our understanding of several aspects of RSHS in cereals, particularly impacts on physiological processes and yield; HS signal perception and transduction; and transcriptional regulation by heat shock factors and heat stress-responsive genes. We also discuss the epigenetic, post-translational modification and HS memory mechanisms modulating plant HS tolerance. Moreover, we offer a critical set of strategies (encompassing genomics and plant breeding, transgenesis, omics and agronomy) that could accelerate the development of RSHS-resilient cereal crop cultivars. We underline that a judicious combination of all of these strategies offers the best foot forward in RSHS tolerance improvement in cereals. Further, we highlight critical shortcomings to RSHS tolerance investigations in cereals and propositions for their circumvention, as well as some knowledge gaps, which should guide future research priorities. Overall, our review furthers our understanding of HS tolerance in plants and supports the rational designing of RSHS-tolerant cereal crop cultivars for the warming climate.
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Intrinsically disordered proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions in neurodegenerative diseases. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:679-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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35
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Aydin O, Passaro AP, Raman R, Spellicy SE, Weinberg RP, Kamm RD, Sample M, Truskey GA, Zartman J, Dar RD, Palacios S, Wang J, Tordoff J, Montserrat N, Bashir R, Saif MTA, Weiss R. Principles for the design of multicellular engineered living systems. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:010903. [PMID: 35274072 PMCID: PMC8893975 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in bioengineering over the past two decades has enabled the formulation of fundamental design principles for a variety of medical and non-medical applications. These advancements have laid the foundation for building multicellular engineered living systems (M-CELS) from biological parts, forming functional modules integrated into living machines. These cognizant design principles for living systems encompass novel genetic circuit manipulation, self-assembly, cell-cell/matrix communication, and artificial tissues/organs enabled through systems biology, bioinformatics, computational biology, genetic engineering, and microfluidics. Here, we introduce design principles and a blueprint for forward production of robust and standardized M-CELS, which may undergo variable reiterations through the classic design-build-test-debug cycle. This Review provides practical and theoretical frameworks to forward-design, control, and optimize novel M-CELS. Potential applications include biopharmaceuticals, bioreactor factories, biofuels, environmental bioremediation, cellular computing, biohybrid digital technology, and experimental investigations into mechanisms of multicellular organisms normally hidden inside the "black box" of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin P. Passaro
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Ritu Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Robert P. Weinberg
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Matthew Sample
- Center for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - George A. Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jeremiah Zartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Roy D. Dar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sebastian Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jesse Tordoff
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M. Taher A. Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Saini N, Nikalje GC, Zargar SM, Suprasanna P. Molecular insights into sensing, regulation and improving of heat tolerance in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:799-813. [PMID: 34676458 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-mediated increase in temperature extremes has become a threat to plant productivity. Heat stress-induced changes in growth pattern, sensitivity to pests, plant phonologies, flowering, shrinkage of maturity period, grain filling, and increased senescence result in significant yield losses. Heat stress triggers multitude of cellular, physiological and molecular responses in plants beginning from the early sensing followed by signal transduction, osmolyte synthesis, antioxidant defense, and heat stress-associated gene expression. Several genes and metabolites involved in heat perception and in the adaptation response have been isolated and characterized in plants. Heat stress responses are also regulated by the heat stress transcription factors (HSFs), miRNAs and transcriptional factors which together form another layer of regulatory circuit. With the availability of functionally validated candidate genes, transgenic approaches have been applied for developing heat-tolerant transgenic maize, tobacco and sweet potato. In this review, we present an account of molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance and discuss the current developments in genetic manipulation for heat tolerant crops for future sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Saini
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vidyalaya, Raipur, 492012, India
| | - Ganesh Chandrakant Nikalje
- PG Department of Botany, Seva Sadan's R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ulhasnagar, 421003, India.
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190019, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Ex-Scientist, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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Eaton-Fitch N, Du Preez S, Cabanas H, Muraki K, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Impaired TRPM3-dependent calcium influx and restoration using Naltrexone in natural killer cells of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients. J Transl Med 2022; 20:94. [PMID: 35172836 PMCID: PMC8848670 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious disorder of unknown aetiology. While the pathomechanism of ME/CFS remains elusive, reduced natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic function is a consistent immunological feature. NK cell effector functions rely on long-term sustained calcium (Ca2+) influx. In recent years evidence of transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) dysfunction supports the hypothesis that ME/CFS is potentially an ion channel disorder. Specifically, reports of single nucleotide polymorphisms, low surface expression and impaired function of TRPM3 have been reported in NK cells of ME/CFS patients. It has been reported that mu (µ)-opioid receptor (µOR) agonists, known collectively as opioids, inhibit TRPM3. Naltrexone hydrochloride (NTX), a µOR antagonist, negates the inhibitory action of µOR on TRPM3 function. Importantly, it has recently been reported that NTX restores impaired TRPM3 function in NK cells of ME/CFS patients. Methods Live cell immunofluorescent imaging was used to measure TRPM3-dependent Ca2+ influx in NK cells isolated from n = 10 ME/CFS patients and n = 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) following modulation with TRPM3-agonist, pregnenolone sulfate (PregS) and TRPM3-antaognist, ononetin. The effect of overnight (24 h) NTX in vitro treatment on TRPM3-dependent Ca2+ influx was determined. Results The amplitude (p < 0.0001) and half-time of Ca2+ response (p < 0.0001) was significantly reduced at baseline in NK cells of ME/CFS patients compared with HC. Overnight treatment of NK cells with NTX significantly improved TRPM3-dependent Ca2+ influx in ME/CFS patients. Specifically, there was no significance between HC and ME/CFS patients for half-time response, and the amplitude of Ca2+ influx was significantly increased in ME/CFS patients (p < 0.0001). Conclusion TRPM3-dependent Ca2+ influx was restored in ME/CFS patients following overnight treatment of isolated NK cells with NTX in vitro. Collectively, these findings validate that TRPM3 loss of function results in altered Ca2+ influx supporting the growing evidence that ME/CFS is a TRP ion channel disorder and that NTX provides a potential therapeutic intervention for ME/CFS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03297-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Eaton-Fitch
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Stanley Du Preez
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Hélène Cabanas
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Université de Paris, INSERM U944 and CNRS UMR 7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Donald Staines
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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G-Protein Coupled Receptor 35 Induces Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Mediating the Influx of Calcium Ions and Upregulating Reactive Oxygen Species. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5469220. [PMID: 35087615 PMCID: PMC8789411 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5469220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a chronic disease affecting millions of patients; however, its specific etiology is unknown. G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) are a superfamily of integral membrane receptors in cells, and the receptors respond to a diverse range of stimuli and participate in multiple cellular activities. Here, using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) methods and immunohistochemistry, we revealed that G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) may have a relationship with IDD. Then, we demonstrated that the deletion of GPR35 in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) with siRNA or in Gpr35−/− mice significantly alleviated IDD caused by senescence or mechanical stress, further validating the pathological role of GPR35 in IDD. In addition, GPR35 induced the influx of Ca2+ and upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under mechanical stress in NPCs, which we believe to be the mechanism of GPR35-induced IDD. Finally, GPR35 caused upregulation of ROS in NPCs under mechanical stress, while excessive ROS stimulated the NPCs to express more GPR35 with a significant dose or time response. The u-regulated GPR35 could sense mechanical stress to produce more ROS and perpetuate this harmful cycle. In summary, our study shows that GPR35 plays a critical role in mediating IDD via mediating the influx of calcium ions and upregulating ROS, which implies a strong potential advantage of GPR35 as a prevention and treatment target in IDD.
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Gallo M, Defaus S, Andreu D. Disrupting GPCR Complexes with Smart Drug-like Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010161. [PMID: 35057055 PMCID: PMC8779866 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a superfamily of proteins classically described as monomeric transmembrane (TM) receptors. However, increasing evidence indicates that many GPCRs form higher-order assemblies made up of monomers pertaining to identical (homo) or to various (hetero) receptors. The formation and structure of these oligomers, their physiological role and possible therapeutic applications raise a variety of issues that are currently being actively explored. In this context, synthetic peptides derived from TM domains stand out as powerful tools that can be predictably targeted to disrupt GPCR oligomers, especially at the interface level, eventually impairing their action. However, despite such potential, TM-derived, GPCR-disrupting peptides often suffer from inadequate pharmacokinetic properties, such as low bioavailability, a short half-life or rapid clearance, which put into question their therapeutic relevance and promise. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of GPCR complexes, with an emphasis on current studies using GPCR-disrupting peptides mimicking TM domains involved in multimerization, and we also highlight recent strategies used to achieve drug-like versions of such TM peptide candidates for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (D.A.); Tel.: +34-933160868 (S.D. & D.A.)
| | - David Andreu
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (D.A.); Tel.: +34-933160868 (S.D. & D.A.)
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Yuan G, Yang S. Effect of Regulator of G Protein Signaling Proteins on Bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:842421. [PMID: 35573989 PMCID: PMC9098968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.842421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are critical negative molecules of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, which mediates a variety of biological processes in bone homeostasis and diseases. The RGS proteins are divided into nine subfamilies with a conserved RGS domain which plays an important role in regulating the GTPase activity. Mutations of some RGS proteins change bone development and/or metabolism, causing osteopathy. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of RGS proteins in regulating osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts. We also highlight the impacts of RGS on bone development, bone remodeling, and bone-related diseases. Those studies demonstrate that RGS proteins might be potential drug targets for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongsheng Yuan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, Penn Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shuying Yang,
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MutTMPredictor: Robust and accurate cascade XGBoost classifier for prediction of mutations in transmembrane proteins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6400-6416. [PMID: 34938415 PMCID: PMC8649221 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of mutations in transmembrane proteins is of significance for diseases diagnosis. Building on the evolutionary information, proposed the Gaussian WAPSSM algorithm. Based on WAPSSM and sequence and structure-based features, proposed the cascade XGBoost algorithm. Webserver is freely at (http://csbio.njust.edu.cn/bioinf/ffmsresmutp/). Implement MutTMPredictor to predict mutations in transmembrane proteins.
Transmembrane proteins have critical biological functions and play a role in a multitude of cellular processes including cell signaling, transport of molecules and ions across membranes. Approximately 60% of transmembrane proteins are considered as drug targets. Missense mutations in such proteins can lead to many diverse diseases and disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cystic fibrosis. However, there are limited studies on mutations in transmembrane proteins. In this work, we first design a new feature encoding method, termed weight attenuation position-specific scoring matrix (WAPSSM), which builds upon the protein evolutionary information. Then, we propose a new mutation prediction algorithm (cascade XGBoost) by leveraging the idea learned from consensus predictors and gcForest. Multi-level experiments illustrate the effectiveness of WAPSSM and cascade XGBoost algorithms. Finally, based on WAPSSM and other three types of features, in combination with the cascade XGBoost algorithm, we develop a new transmembrane protein mutation predictor, named MutTMPredictor. We benchmark the performance of MutTMPredictor against several existing predictors on seven datasets. On the 546 mutations dataset, MutTMPredictor achieves the accuracy (ACC) of 0.9661 and the Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.8950. While on the 67,584 dataset, MutTMPredictor achieves an MCC of 0.7523 and area under curve (AUC) of 0.8746, which are 0.1625 and 0.0801 respectively higher than those of the existing best predictor (fathmm). Besides, MutTMPredictor also outperforms two specific predictors on the Pred-MutHTP datasets. The results suggest that MutTMPredictor can be used as an effective method for predicting and prioritizing missense mutations in transmembrane proteins. The MutTMPredictor webserver and datasets are freely accessible at http://csbio.njust.edu.cn/bioinf/muttmpredictor/ for academic use.
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Key Words
- 1000 Genomes, 1000 genomes project consortium
- APOGEE, pathogenicity prediction through the logistic model tree
- BorodaTM, boosted regression trees for disease-associated mutations in transmembrane proteins
- COSMIC, catalogue of somatic mutations in cancer
- Cascade XGBoost
- ClinVar, clinical variants
- Condel, consensus deleteriousness score of missense mutations
- Disease-associated mutations
- Entprise, entropy and predicted protein structure
- ExAC, the exome aggregation consortium
- Meta-SNP, meta single nucleotide polymorphism
- Mutation prediction
- PROVEAN, protein variation effect analyzer
- PolyPhen, polymorphism phenotyping
- PolyPhen-2, polymorphism phenotyping v2
- Pred-MutHTP, prediction of mutations in human transmembrane proteins
- PredictSNP1, predict single nucleotide polymorphism v1
- Protein evolutionary information
- REVEL, rare exome variant ensemble learner
- SDM, site-directed mutate
- SIFT, sorting intolerant from tolerant
- SNAP, screening for non-acceptable polymorphisms
- SNP&GO, single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene ontology annotations
- SwissVar, variants in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- TMSNP, transmembrane single nucleotide polymorphisms
- Transmembrane protein
- WEKA, waikato environment for knowledge analysis
- fathmm, functional analysis through hidden markov models
- humsavar, human polymorphisms and disease mutations
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Mikołajczyk K, Spyt D, Zielińska W, Żuryń A, Faisal I, Qamar M, Świniarski P, Grzanka A, Gagat M. The Important Role of Endothelium and Extracellular Vesicles in the Cellular Mechanism of Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313157. [PMID: 34884962 PMCID: PMC8658239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis is a fundamental property of biological systems consisting of the ability to maintain a dynamic balance of the environment of biochemical processes. The action of endogenous and exogenous factors can lead to internal balance disorder, which results in the activation of the immune system and the development of inflammatory response. Inflammation determines the disturbances in the structure of the vessel wall, connected with the change in their diameter. These disorders consist of accumulation in the space between the endothelium and the muscle cells of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), resulting in the formation of fatty streaks narrowing the lumen and restricting the blood flow in the area behind the structure. The effect of inflammation may also be pathological dilatation of the vessel wall associated with the development of aneurysms. Described disease entities strongly correlate with the increased migration of immune cells. Recent scientific research indicates the secretion of specific vesicular structures during migration activated by the inflammation. The review focuses on the link between endothelial dysfunction and the inflammatory response and the impact of these processes on the development of disease entities potentially related to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Mikołajczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Dominika Spyt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Żuryń
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Inaz Faisal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Murtaz Qamar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Piotr Świniarski
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Ramasamy M, Damaj MB, Vargas-Bautista C, Mora V, Liu J, Padilla CS, Irigoyen S, Saini T, Sahoo N, DaSilva JA, Mandadi KK. A Sugarcane G-Protein-Coupled Receptor, ShGPCR1, Confers Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:745891. [PMID: 35295863 PMCID: PMC8919185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a prominent source of sugar and serves as bioenergy/biomass feedstock globally. Multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and cold, adversely affect sugarcane yield. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are components of G-protein-mediated signaling affecting plant growth, development, and stress responses. Here, we identified a GPCR-like protein (ShGPCR1) from sugarcane and energy cane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) and characterized its function in conferring tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. ShGPCR1 protein sequence contained nine predicted transmembrane (TM) domains connected by four extracellular and four intracellular loops, which could interact with various ligands and heterotrimeric G proteins in the cells. ShGPCR1 sequence displayed other signature features of a GPCR, such as a putative guanidine triphosphate (GTP)-binding domain, as well as multiple myristoylation and protein phosphorylation sites, presumably important for its biochemical function. Expression of ShGPCR1 was upregulated by drought, salinity, and cold stresses. Subcellular imaging and calcium (Ca2+) measurements revealed that ShGPCR1 predominantly localized to the plasma membrane and enhanced intracellular Ca2+ levels in response to GTP, respectively. Furthermore, constitutive overexpression of ShGPCR1 in sugarcane conferred tolerance to the three stressors. The stress-tolerance phenotype of the transgenic lines corresponded with activation of multiple drought-, salinity-, and cold-stress marker genes, such as Saccharum spp. LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT, DEHYDRIN, DROUGHT RESPONSIVE 4, GALACTINOL SYNTHASE, ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR 3, SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1, VACUOLAR Na+/H+ ANTIPORTER 1, NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2, COLD RESPONSIVE FACTOR 2, and ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 3. We suggest that ShGPCR1 plays a key role in conferring tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses, and the engineered lines may be useful to enhance sugarcane production in marginal environments with fewer resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Ramasamy
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Mona B. Damaj
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | | | - Victoria Mora
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Carmen S. Padilla
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Sonia Irigoyen
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Tripti Saini
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Jorge A. DaSilva
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kranthi K. Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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McDonough RC, Price C. Targeted Activation of GPCR-Mediated Ca 2+ Signaling Drives Enhanced Cartilage-Like Matrix Formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:405-419. [PMID: 34693731 PMCID: PMC9271335 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling is a critical regulator of chondrogenesis, chondrocyte differentiation, and cartilage development. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is known to direct processes that govern chondrocyte gene expression, protein synthesis, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cell fate. Control of chondrocyte/chondroprogenitor Ca2+ signaling has been attempted through mechanical and/or pharmacological activation of endogenous Ca2+ signaling transducers; however, such approaches can lack specificity and/or precision regarding Ca2+ activation mechanisms. Synthetic signaling platforms permitting precise and selective Ca2+ signal transduction can improve dissection of the roles that [Ca2+]i signaling play in chondrocyte behavior. One such platform is the chemogenetic hM3Dq DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs) that activates [Ca2+]i signaling via the Gαq-PLCβ-IP3-ER pathway upon clozapine N-oxide (CNO) administration. We previously demonstrated hM3Dq's ability to precisely and synthetically initiate robust [Ca2+]i transients and oscillatory [Ca2+]i signaling in chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells. Here, we investigate the effects that long-term CNO stimulatory culture have on hM3Dq [Ca2+]i signaling dynamics, proliferation, and protein deposition in 2D ATDC5 cultures. Long-term culturing under repeated CNO stimulation modified the temporal dynamics of hM3Dq [Ca2+]i signaling, increased cell proliferation, and enhanced matrix production in a CNO dose- and frequency-dependent manner, and triggered the formation of cell condensations that developed aligned, anisotropic neotissue structures rich in cartilaginous proteoglycans and collagens, all in the absence of differentiation inducers. This study demonstrated Gαq-GPCR-mediated [Ca2+]i signaling involvement in chondroprogenitor proliferation and cartilage-like matrix production, and established hM3Dq as a powerful tool for elucidating the role of GPCR-mediated Ca2+ signaling in chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C McDonough
- University of Delaware, 5972, Biomedical Engineering, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware, United States, 19716-5600;
| | - Christopher Price
- University of Delaware, 5972, Biomedical Engineering, Newark, Delaware, United States;
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Identifying GPSM Family Members as Potential Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091144. [PMID: 34572330 PMCID: PMC8471503 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein signaling modulators (GPSMs) are a class of proteins involved in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors, the most abundant family of cell-surface receptors that are crucial in the development of various tumors, including breast cancer. This study aims to identify the potential therapeutic and prognostic roles of GPSMs in breast cancer. Oncomine and UALCAN databases were queried to determine GPSM expression levels in breast cancer tissues compared to normal samples. Survival analysis was conducted to reveal the prognostic significance of GPSMs in individuals with breast cancer. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using cBioPortal and MetaCore platforms. Finally, the association between GPSMs and immune infiltration cells in breast cancer was identified using the TIMER server. The experimental results then showed that all GPSM family members were significantly differentially expressed in breast cancer according to Oncomine and UALCAN data. Their expression levels were also associated with advanced tumor stages, and GPSM2 was found to be related to worse distant metastasis-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that GPSMs were largely involved in cell division and cell cycle pathways. Finally, GPSM3 expression was correlated with the infiltration of several immune cells. Members of the GPSM class were differentially expressed in breast cancer. In conclusion, expression of GPSM2 was linked with worse distant metastasis-free outcomes, and hence could potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, GPSM3 has potential to be a possible target for immunotherapy for breast cancer.
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Zhang Y, Liu R, Zhou Y, Wang S, Zhang B, Kong J, Zheng S, Yang N. PLDα1 and GPA1 are involved in the stomatal closure induced by Oridonin in Arabidopsis thaliana. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:1005-1016. [PMID: 34167638 DOI: 10.1071/fp21156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oridonin is an important diterpenoid, which plays an important role in plant growth and development. PLDα1 and GPA1 are involved in many biotic or abiotic stresses. In this study, using the seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana L. wild type (WT), PLDα1 defective mutant (pldα1), GPA1 defective mutant (gpa1) and pldα1/gpa1 double mutant as materials, the effect of stomatal apertures responding to Oridonin and the functions of PLDα1 and GPA1 in this response were investigated. The results showed that 60 μmol·L-1 of Oridonin induced stomatal closure and significantly increased the relative expression levels of GPA1 and PLDα1. Oridonin increased H2O2 accumulation in guard cells by inhibiting the antioxidant enzymes. The increase of H2O2 caused the expression of OST1, which is a positive regulatory gene for stomatal closure. Both PLDα1 and GPA1 were involved in Oridonin-induced stomatal closure and PLDα1 acted downstream of GPA1. The results suggested that Oridonin caused stomatal closure by affecting GPA1 and promoting PLDα1 to produce PA, and further accumulating H2O2 to upregulate gene OST1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bianfeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Juantao Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; and Corresponding author.
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Signaling Pathways Regulated by UBR Box-Containing E3 Ligases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158323. [PMID: 34361089 PMCID: PMC8346999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UBR box E3 ligases, also called N-recognins, are integral components of the N-degron pathway. Representative N-recognins include UBR1, UBR2, UBR4, and UBR5, and they bind destabilizing N-terminal residues, termed N-degrons. Understanding the molecular bases of their substrate recognition and the biological impact of the clearance of their substrates on cellular signaling pathways can provide valuable insights into the regulation of these pathways. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the binding mechanism of UBR box N-recognin/N-degron interactions and their roles in signaling pathways linked to G-protein-coupled receptors, apoptosis, mitochondrial quality control, inflammation, and DNA damage. The targeting of these UBR box N-recognins can provide potential therapies to treat diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Tennakoon M, Senarath K, Kankanamge D, Chadee DN, Karunarathne A. A short C-terminal peptide in Gγ regulates Gβγ signaling efficacy. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1446-1458. [PMID: 34106735 PMCID: PMC8351738 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-11-0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein beta-gamma (Gβγ) subunits anchor to the plasma membrane (PM) through the carboxy-terminal (CT) prenyl group in Gγ. This interaction is crucial for the PM localization and functioning of Gβγ, allowing GPCR-G protein signaling to proceed. The diverse Gγ family has 12 members, and we have recently shown that the signaling efficacies of major Gβγ effectors are Gγ-type dependent. This dependency is due to the distinct series of membrane-interacting abilities of Gγ. However, the molecular process allowing for Gβγ subunits to exhibit a discrete and diverse range of Gγ-type-dependent membrane affinities is unclear and cannot be explained using only the type of prenylation. The present work explores the unique designs of membrane-interacting CT residues in Gγ as a major source for this Gγ-type-dependent Gβγ signaling. Despite the type of prenylation, the results show signaling efficacy at the PM, and associated cell behaviors of Gβγ are governed by crucially located specific amino acids in the five to six residue preprenylation region of Gγ. The provided molecular picture of Gγ-membrane interactions may explain how cells gain Gγ-type-dependent G protein-GPCR signaling as well as how Gβγ elicits selective signaling at various subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Tennakoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Kanishka Senarath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Dinesh Kankanamge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Deborah N. Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
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da Silva GJJ, Altara R, Booz GW, Cataliotti A. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide 31-67: A Novel Therapeutic Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691407. [PMID: 34305645 PMCID: PMC8297502 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP99–126), synthesized and secreted predominantly by atrial myocytes under stimulation by mechanical stretch, has established the heart as an endocrine organ with potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilating actions. Three additional distinct polypeptides resulting from proteolytic cleavage of proANP have been identified in the circulation in humans. The mid-sequence proANP fragment 31–67 (also known as proANP31–67) has unique potent and prolonged diuretic and natriuretic properties. In this review, we report the main effects of this circulating hormone in different tissues and organs, and its mechanisms of actions. We further highlight recent evidence on the cardiorenal protective actions of chronic supplementation of synthetic proANP31–67 in preclinical models of cardiorenal disease. Finally, we evaluate the use of proANP31–67 as a new therapeutic strategy to repair end-organ damage secondary to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, obesity, heart failure, and other morbidities that can lead to impaired cardiac function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alessandro Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Poudel H, Leitner DM. Activation-Induced Reorganization of Energy Transport Networks in the β 2 Adrenergic Receptor. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6522-6531. [PMID: 34106712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We compute energy exchange networks (EENs) through the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), in inactive and active states, based on the results of molecular dynamics simulations of this membrane bound protein. We introduce a new definition for the reorganization of EENs upon activation that depends on the relative change in rates of energy transfer across noncovalent contacts throughout the protein. On the basis of the reorganized network that we obtain for β2AR upon activation, we identify a branched pathway between the agonist binding site and the cytoplasmic region, where a G-protein binds to the receptor when activated. The pathway includes all of the motifs containing molecular switches previously identified as contributing to the allosteric transition of β2AR upon agonist binding. EENs and their reorganization upon activation are compared with structure-based contact networks computed for the inactive and active states of β2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humanath Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - David M Leitner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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