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Nasr Esfahani M, Sonnewald U. Unlocking dynamic root phenotypes for simultaneous enhancement of water and phosphorus uptake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108386. [PMID: 38280257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and water are crucial for plant growth, but their availability is challenged by climate change, leading to reduced crop production and global food security. In many agricultural soils, crop productivity is confronted by both water and P limitations. The diminished soil moisture decreases available P due to reduced P diffusion, and inadequate P availability diminishes tissue water status through modifications in stomatal conductance and a decrease in root hydraulic conductance. P and water display contrasting distributions in the soil, with P being concentrated in the topsoil and water in the subsoil. Plants adapt to water- and P-limited environments by efficiently exploring localized resource hotspots of P and water through the adaptation of their root system. Thus, developing cultivars with improved root architecture is crucial for accessing and utilizing P and water from arid and P-deficient soils. To meet this goal, breeding towards multiple advantageous root traits can lead to better cultivars for water- and P-limited environments. This review discusses the interplay of P and water availability and highlights specific root traits that enhance the exploration and exploitation of optimal resource-rich soil strata while reducing metabolic costs. We propose root ideotype models, including 'topsoil foraging', 'subsoil foraging', and 'topsoil/subsoil foraging' for maize (monocot) and common bean (dicot). These models integrate beneficial root traits and guide the development of water- and P-efficient cultivars for challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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2
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Madison I, Gillan L, Peace J, Gabrieli F, Van den Broeck L, Jones JL, Sozzani R. Phosphate starvation: response mechanisms and solutions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6417-6430. [PMID: 37611151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is essential to plant growth and agricultural crop yields, yet the challenges associated with phosphorus fertilization in agriculture, such as aquatic runoff pollution and poor phosphorus bioavailability, are increasingly difficult to manage. Comprehensively understanding the dynamics of phosphorus uptake and signaling mechanisms will inform the development of strategies to address these issues. This review describes regulatory mechanisms used by specific tissues in the root apical meristem to sense and take up phosphate from the rhizosphere. The major regulatory mechanisms and related hormone crosstalk underpinning phosphate starvation responses, cellular phosphate homeostasis, and plant adaptations to phosphate starvation are also discussed, along with an overview of the major mechanism of plant systemic phosphate starvation responses. Finally, this review discusses recent promising genetic engineering strategies for improving crop phosphorus use and computational approaches that may help further design strategies for improved plant phosphate acquisition. The mechanisms and approaches presented include a wide variety of species including not only Arabidopsis but also crop species such as Oryza sativa (rice), Glycine max (soybean), and Triticum aestivum (wheat) to address both general and species-specific mechanisms and strategies. The aspects of phosphorus deficiency responses and recently employed strategies of improving phosphate acquisition that are detailed in this review may provide insights into the mechanisms or phenotypes that may be targeted in efforts to improve crop phosphorus content and plant growth in low phosphorus soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imani Madison
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lydia Gillan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jasmine Peace
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Flavio Gabrieli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DII), Università degli studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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3
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Yang Y, Wang R, Wang L, Cui R, Zhang H, Che Z, Hu D, Chu S, Jiao Y, Yu D, Zhang D. GmEIL4 enhances soybean (Glycine max) phosphorus efficiency by improving root system development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:592-606. [PMID: 36419232 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency seriously affects plant growth and development and ultimately limits the quality and yield of crops. Here, a new P efficiency-related major quantitative trait locus gene, GmEIL4 (encoding an ethylene-insensitive 3-like 1 protein), was cloned at qP2, which was identified by linkage analysis and genome-wide association study across four environments. Overexpressing GmEIL4 significantly improved the P uptake efficiency by increasing the number, length and surface area of lateral roots of hairy roots in transgenic soybeans, while interfering with GmEIL4 resulted in poor root phenotypic characteristics compared with the control plants under low P conditions. Interestingly, we found that GmEIL4 interacted with EIN3-binding F box protein 1 (GmEBF1), which may regulate the root response to low P stress. We conclude that the expression of GmEIL4 was induced by low-P stress and that overexpressing GmEIL4 improved P accumulation by regulating root elongation and architecture. Analysis of allele variation of GmEIL4 in 894 soybean accessions suggested that GmEIL4 is undergoing artificial selection during soybean evolution, which will benefit soybean production. Together, this study further elucidates how plants respond to low P stress by modifying root structure and provides insight into the great potential of GmEIL4 in crop P-efficient breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiyang Wang
- Department of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruifan Cui
- Department of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hengyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | | | - Dandan Hu
- Department of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Department of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Department of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Tarkowski ŁP, Signorelli S, Considine MJ, Montrichard F. Integration of reactive oxygen species and nutrient signalling to shape root system architecture. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:379-390. [PMID: 36479711 PMCID: PMC10107350 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Yield losses due to nutrient deficiency are estimated as the primary cause of the yield gap worldwide. Understanding how plant roots perceive external nutrient status and elaborate morphological adaptations in response to it is necessary to develop reliable strategies to increase crop yield. In the last decade, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to be key players of the mechanisms underlying root responses to nutrient limitation. ROS contribute in multiple ways to shape the root system in response to nutritional cues, both as direct effectors acting on cell wall architecture and as second messengers in signalling pathways. Here, we review the mutual interconnections existing between perception and signalling of the most common forms of the major macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and ROS in shaping plant root system architecture. We discuss recent advances in dissecting the integration of these elements and their impact on morphological traits of the root system, highlighting the functional ductility of ROS and enzymes implied in ROS metabolism, such as class III peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Food and Plant Biology group, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de AgronomíaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Michael J. Considine
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Jiang M, Wang J, Rui M, Yang L, Shen J, Chu H, Song S, Chen Y. OsFTIP7 determines metallic oxide nanoparticles response and tolerance by regulating auxin biosynthesis in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123946. [PMID: 33264991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The widely application of metallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs) has led to an increase in their accumulation in farmland. Previous studies have found that the metallic oxide NPs have negative effect on plants development and growth. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism of response to metallic oxide NPs in rice remains elusive. In this study, we show that rice FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 7 (OsFTIP7) plays an essential role in NPs of CuO and ZnO-mediated physiological and biochemical changes in rice. Loss of function of OsFTIP7 reduced the toxicity of the NPs of CuO and ZnO to the seedlings by accumulating more biomass and chlorophyll contents. Furthermore, after high exposure to metallic oxide NPs, more indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were determined in Osftip7 with higher expression of auxin biosynthetic genes than the control seedlings. What's more, IAA-treated seedlings displayed the similar phenotype as Osftip7 under high concentrations of NPs of CuO and ZnO. Taken together, the results substantiate that OsFTIP7 is involved in metallic oxide nanoparticle-mediated physiological and biochemical changes by negatively regulating auxin biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengmeng Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huangwei Chu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Hussain S, Shafiq I, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Rastogi A, Mumtaz M, Hussain M, Iqbal N, Raza MA, Manzoor S, Liu W, Yang W. Titanium Application Increases Phosphorus Uptake Through Changes in Auxin Content and Root Architecture in Soybean ( Glycine Max L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:743618. [PMID: 34858450 PMCID: PMC8631872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.743618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient needed for plant growth, development, and production. A deficiency of P causes a severe impact on plant development and productivity. Several P-based fertilizers are being used in agriculture but limited uptake of P by the plant is still a challenge to be solved. Titanium (Ti) application increases the nutrient uptake by affecting the root growth; however, the role of Ti in plant biology, specifically its application under low light and phosphorus stress, has never been reported. Therefore, a pot study was planned with foliar application of Ti (in a different concentration ranging from 0 to 1,000 mg L-1) under different light and P concentrations. The result indicated that under shade and low P conditions the foliar application of Ti in different concentrations significantly improves the plant growth parameters such as root length, root surface area, root dry matter, and shoot dry matters. The increase was observed to be more than 100% in shade and low P stressed soybean root parameter with 500 mg L-1 of Ti treatment. Ti was observed to improve the plant growth both in high P and low P exposed plants, but the improvement was more obvious in Low P exposed plants. Auxin concentration in stressed and healthy plant roots was observed to be slightly increased with Ti application. Ti application was also observed to decrease rhizosphere soil pH and boosted the antioxidant enzymatic activities with an enhancement in photosynthetic efficiency of soybean plants under shade and P stress. With 500 mg L-1 of Ti treatment, the photosynthetic rate was observed to improve by 45% under shade and P stressed soybean plants. Thus, this work for the first time indicates a good potential of Ti application in the low light and P deficient agricultural fields for the purpose to improve plant growth and development parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Iram Shafiq
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maryam Mumtaz
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nasir Iqbal
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Manzoor
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Weiguo Liu,
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Wenyu Yang,
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Voothuluru P, Mäkelä P, Zhu J, Yamaguchi M, Cho IJ, Oliver MJ, Simmonds J, Sharp RE. Apoplastic Hydrogen Peroxide in the Growth Zone of the Maize Primary Root. Increased Levels Differentially Modulate Root Elongation Under Well-Watered and Water-Stressed Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:392. [PMID: 32373139 PMCID: PMC7186474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as signaling molecules involved in the acclimation of plants to various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, it is not clear how the generalized increases in ROS and downstream signaling events that occur in response to stressful conditions are coordinated to modify plant growth and development. Previous studies of maize (Zea mays L.) primary root growth under water deficit stress showed that cell elongation is maintained in the apical region of the growth zone but progressively inhibited further from the apex, and that the rate of cell production is also decreased. It was observed that apoplastic ROS, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), increased specifically in the apical region of the growth zone under water stress, resulting at least partly from increased oxalate oxidase activity in this region. To assess the function of the increase in apoplastic H2O2 in root growth regulation, transgenic maize lines constitutively expressing a wheat oxalate oxidase were utilized in combination with kinematic growth analysis to examine effects of increased apoplastic H2O2 on the spatial pattern of cell elongation and on cell production in well-watered and water-stressed roots. Effects of H2O2 removal (via scavenger pretreatment) specifically from the apical region of the growth zone were also assessed. The results show that apoplastic H2O2 positively modulates cell production and root elongation under well-watered conditions, whereas the normal increase in apoplastic H2O2 in water-stressed roots is causally related to down-regulation of cell production and root growth inhibition. The effects on cell production were accompanied by changes in spatial profiles of cell elongation and in the length of the growth zone. However, effects on overall cell elongation, as reflected in final cell lengths, were minor. These results reveal a fundamental role of apoplastic H2O2 in regulating cell production and root elongation in both well-watered and water-stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Voothuluru
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Pirjo Mäkelä
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinming Zhu
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mineo Yamaguchi
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - In-Jeong Cho
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Melvin J. Oliver
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - John Simmonds
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert E. Sharp
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Sharma G, Mathur V. Modulation of insect-induced oxidative stress responses by microbial fertilizers in Brassica juncea. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5800983. [PMID: 32149352 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fertilizers have increasingly gained popularity as environmentally sustainable nutritional supplement for plant growth. However, the effect of these microbes on plant-induced responses and the resultant effect on late-arriving herbivores are still unclear. Following insect herbivory, oxidative stress is one of the earliest responses induced in plants. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) and their combination on oxidative stress in Brassica juncea against Spodoptera litura herbivory. Six antioxidant enzymes, viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase (GR), were studied. Our results indicated a sporadic increase of APX and GR in PSB-supplemented plants. In contrast, VAM-supplemented plants showed an active systemic response against herbivory with an increase in all the six enzymes at 72 h. Conversely, supplementation of PSB-VAM together led to increased APX, SOD, CAT and POD enzymes, which subsided by 72 h. Thus, the presence of VAM, alone or in combination with PSB, acted like a vaccination for plants against stress. However, the mode of action of PSB and VAM governed the temporal dynamics of antioxidants. Our study thus shows microbial fertilizers have prominent effects on plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Animal-Plant Interactions Lab, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Vartika Mathur
- Animal-Plant Interactions Lab, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
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Kushwaha BK, Singh S, Tripathi DK, Sharma S, Prasad SM, Chauhan DK, Kumar V, Singh VP. New adventitious root formation and primary root biomass accumulation are regulated by nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in rice seedlings under arsenate stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 361:134-140. [PMID: 30176411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules regulating development of plants. However under metal stress, in developmental processes of plants their implications are not largely known. Therefore, in the present study, role of NO and ROS crosstalk in the regulation of formation of new adventitious roots (NARs) and primary root biomass accumulation (PRBA) has been investigated in rice seedlings under arsenate (AsV) stress. Addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO) induced formation of NARs, increased PRBA, and maintained the redox status of ascorbate and cell cycle dynamics. However, addition of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO, a NO scavenger) either in presence of SNP or in its absence blocked formation of NARs and reduced PRBA. Further, to decipher crosstalk of NO and ROS, we used diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase), and even in presence of SNP it blocked formation of NARs which indicate that ROS are also essential for formation of NARs. Further a connection of NO-ROS signaling with the redox status of ascorbate and the cell cycle dynamics, governing formation of NARs and PRBA in rice seedlings under AsV stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha
- Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, 497335, Koriya, Chhattisgarh, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, 211004, India.
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, 211004, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, 497335, Koriya, Chhattisgarh, India.
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10
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Karpinska B, Zhang K, Rasool B, Pastok D, Morris J, Verrall SR, Hedley PE, Hancock RD, Foyer CH. The redox state of the apoplast influences the acclimation of photosynthesis and leaf metabolism to changing irradiance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1083-1097. [PMID: 28369975 PMCID: PMC5947596 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The redox state of the apoplast is largely determined by ascorbate oxidase (AO) activity. The influence of AO activity on leaf acclimation to changing irradiance was explored in wild-type (WT) and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) lines containing either high [pumpkin AO (PAO)] or low [tobacco AO (TAO)] AO activity at low [low light (LL); 250 μmol m-2 s-1 ] and high [high light (HL); 1600 μmol m-2 s-1 ] irradiance and following the transition from HL to LL. AO activities changed over the photoperiod, particularly in the PAO plants. AO activity had little effect on leaf ascorbate, which was significantly higher under HL than under LL. Apoplastic ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratios and threonate levels were modified by AO activity. Despite decreased levels of transcripts encoding ascorbate synthesis enzymes, leaf ascorbate increased over the first photoperiod following the transition from HL to LL, to much higher levels than LL-grown plants. Photosynthesis rates were significantly higher in the TAO leaves than in WT or PAO plants grown under HL but not under LL. Sub-sets of amino acids and fatty acids were lower in TAO and WT leaves than in the PAO plants under HL, and following the transition to LL. Light acclimation processes are therefore influenced by the apoplastic as well as chloroplastic redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Karpinska
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450002China
| | - Brwa Rasool
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Daria Pastok
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Susan R. Verrall
- Information and Computational SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Robert D. Hancock
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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11
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Wang Z, Mao JL, Zhao YJ, Li CY, Xiang CB. L-Cysteine inhibits root elongation through auxin/PLETHORA and SCR/SHR pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:186-97. [PMID: 24798139 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
L-Cysteine plays a prominent role in sulfur metabolism of plants. However, its role in root development is largely unknown. Here, we report that L-cysteine reduces primary root growth in a dosage-dependent manner. Elevating cellular L-cysteine level by exposing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to high L-cysteine, buthionine sulphoximine, or O-acetylserine leads to altered auxin maximum in root tips, the expression of quiescent center cell marker as well as the decrease of the auxin carriers PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, and PIN7 of primary roots. We also show that high L-cysteine significantly reduces the protein level of two sets of stem cell specific transcription factors PLETHORA1/2 and SCR/SHR. However, L-cysteine does not downregulate the transcript level of PINs, PLTs, or SCR/SHR, suggesting that an uncharacterized post-transcriptional mechanism may regulate the accumulation of PIN, PLT, and SCR/SHR proteins and auxin transport in the root tips. These results suggest that endogenous L-cysteine level acts to maintain root stem cell niche by regulating basal- and auxin-induced expression of PLT1/2 and SCR/SHR. L-Cysteine may serve as a link between sulfate assimilation and auxin in regulating root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
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12
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Rajasundaram D, Selbig J, Persson S, Klie S. Co-ordination and divergence of cell-specific transcription and translation of genes in arabidopsis root cells. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1109-23. [PMID: 25149544 PMCID: PMC4195562 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A key challenge in biology is to systematically investigate and integrate the different levels of information available at the global and single-cell level. Recent studies have elucidated spatiotemporal expression patterns of root cell types in Arabidopsis thaliana, and genome-wide quantification of polysome-associated mRNA levels, i.e. the translatome, has also been obtained for corresponding cell types. Translational control has been increasingly recognized as an important regulatory step in protein synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate coupled transcription and translation by use of publicly available root datasets. METHODS Using cell-type-specific datasets of the root transcriptome and translatome of arabidopsis, a systematic assessment was made of the degree of co-ordination and divergence between these two levels of cellular organization. The computational analysis considered correlation and variation of expression across cell types at both system levels, and also provided insights into the degree of co-regulatory relationships that are preserved between the two processes. KEY RESULTS The overall correlation of expression and translation levels of genes resemble an almost bimodal distribution (mean/median value of 0·08/0·12), with a second, less strongly pronounced 'mode' for negative Pearson's correlation coefficient values. The analysis conducted also confirms that previously identified key transcriptional activators of secondary cell wall development display highly conserved patterns of transcription and translation across the investigated cell types. Moreover, the biological processes that display conserved and divergent patterns based on the cell-type-specific expression and translation levels were identified. CONCLUSIONS In agreement with previous studies in animal cells, a large degree of uncoupling was found between the transcriptome and translatome. However, components and processes were also identified that are under co-ordinated transcriptional and translational control in plant root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Joachim Selbig
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Klie
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany Targenomix GmbH, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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13
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Considine MJ, Foyer CH. Redox regulation of plant development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014. [PMID: 24180689 DOI: 10.1089/ars.20135665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE We provide a conceptual framework for the interactions between the cellular redox signaling hub and the phytohormone signaling network that controls plant growth and development to maximize plant productivity under stress-free situations, while limiting growth and altering development on exposure to stress. RECENT ADVANCES Enhanced cellular oxidation plays a key role in the regulation of plant growth and stress responses. Oxidative signals or cycles of oxidation and reduction are crucial for the alleviation of dormancy and quiescence, activating the cell cycle and triggering genetic and epigenetic control that underpin growth and differentiation responses to changing environmental conditions. CRITICAL ISSUES The redox signaling hub interfaces directly with the phytohormone network in the synergistic control of growth and its modulation in response to environmental stress, but a few components have been identified. Accumulating evidence points to a complex interplay of phytohormone and redox controls that operate at multiple levels. For simplicity, we focus here on redox-dependent processes that control root growth and development and bud burst. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The multiple roles of reactive oxygen species in the control of plant growth and development have been identified, but increasing emphasis should now be placed on the functions of redox-regulated proteins, along with the central roles of reductants such as NAD(P)H, thioredoxins, glutathione, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins, ascorbate, and reduced ferredoxin in the regulation of the genetic and epigenetic factors that modulate the growth and vigor of crop plants, particularly within an agricultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Considine
- 1 School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia , Crawley, Australia
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14
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE We provide a conceptual framework for the interactions between the cellular redox signaling hub and the phytohormone signaling network that controls plant growth and development to maximize plant productivity under stress-free situations, while limiting growth and altering development on exposure to stress. RECENT ADVANCES Enhanced cellular oxidation plays a key role in the regulation of plant growth and stress responses. Oxidative signals or cycles of oxidation and reduction are crucial for the alleviation of dormancy and quiescence, activating the cell cycle and triggering genetic and epigenetic control that underpin growth and differentiation responses to changing environmental conditions. CRITICAL ISSUES The redox signaling hub interfaces directly with the phytohormone network in the synergistic control of growth and its modulation in response to environmental stress, but a few components have been identified. Accumulating evidence points to a complex interplay of phytohormone and redox controls that operate at multiple levels. For simplicity, we focus here on redox-dependent processes that control root growth and development and bud burst. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The multiple roles of reactive oxygen species in the control of plant growth and development have been identified, but increasing emphasis should now be placed on the functions of redox-regulated proteins, along with the central roles of reductants such as NAD(P)H, thioredoxins, glutathione, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins, ascorbate, and reduced ferredoxin in the regulation of the genetic and epigenetic factors that modulate the growth and vigor of crop plants, particularly within an agricultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Considine
- 1 School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia , Crawley, Australia
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15
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Tian H, De Smet I, Ding Z. Shaping a root system: regulating lateral versus primary root growth. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:426-31. [PMID: 24513255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary and lateral roots comprise root systems, which are vital to the growth and survival of plants. Several molecular mechanisms associated with primary and lateral root growth have been described, including some common regulatory factors for their initiation and development. However, in this opinion article, we discuss the distinct growth behavior of lateral roots in response to environmental cues, such as salinity, gravity, and nutrient availability, which are mediated via specific regulators. We propose that differential growth dynamics between primary and lateral roots are crucial for plants to adapt to the ever-changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.
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16
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Niu Y, Jin G, Zhang YS. Root development under control of magnesium availability. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e29720. [PMID: 25763706 PMCID: PMC4205136 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Roots are reported to be plastic in response to nutrient supply, but relatively little is known about their development in response to magnesium (Mg) availability. Here, we showed the influence of both low and high Mg availability on the development of roots including root hairs and highlighted insights into the regulatory role of Mg availability on root hair development and its mechanism in Arabidopsis with combining our published research. Mg concentration in roots decreased quickly after the removal of Mg from the nutrient solution and increased progressively with increasing exogenous Mg supply in the media. However, transcriptome analysis suggested that Mg starvation did not alter the expression of most genes potentially involved in the transport. Primary root elongation and lateral root formation in Arabidopsis were not influenced by low Mg but inhibited by high Mg after one-week period. Moreover, low Mg availability significantly increased but high Mg reduced the initiation, density and length of root hairs, which through the characterized Ca(2+) and ROS signal transduction pathways. More physiological mechanisms underlying Mg-regulated root development remain to be elucidated in future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofang Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, PR China
- Department of Horticulture; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Gulei Jin
- Institute of Bioinformatics; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yong Song Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, PR China
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17
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Niu YF, Chai RS, Jin GL, Wang H, Tang CX, Zhang YS. Responses of root architecture development to low phosphorus availability: a review. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:391-408. [PMID: 23267006 PMCID: PMC3698383 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development but it is often a limiting nutrient in soils. Hence, P acquisition from soil by plant roots is a subject of considerable interest in agriculture, ecology and plant root biology. Root architecture, with its shape and structured development, can be considered as an evolutionary response to scarcity of resources. SCOPE This review discusses the significance of root architecture development in response to low P availability and its beneficial effects on alleviation of P stress. It also focuses on recent progress in unravelling cellular, physiological and molecular mechanisms in root developmental adaptation to P starvation. The progress in a more detailed understanding of these mechanisms might be used for developing strategies that build upon the observed explorative behaviour of plant roots. CONCLUSIONS The role of root architecture in alleviation of P stress is well documented. However, this paper describes how plants adjust their root architecture to low-P conditions through inhibition of primary root growth, promotion of lateral root growth, enhancement of root hair development and cluster root formation, which all promote P acquisition by plants. The mechanisms for activating alterations in root architecture in response to P deprivation depend on changes in the localized P concentration, and transport of or sensitivity to growth regulators such as sugars, auxins, ethylene, cytokinins, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA). In the process, many genes are activated, which in turn trigger changes in molecular, physiological and cellular processes. As a result, root architecture is modified, allowing plants to adapt effectively to the low-P environment. This review provides a framework for understanding how P deficiency alters root architecture, with a focus on integrated physiological and molecular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fang Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ru Shan Chai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gu Lei Jin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cai Xian Tang
- Centre for AgriBioscience/Department of Agricultural Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Yong Song Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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18
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Ha S, Tran LS. Understanding plant responses to phosphorus starvation for improvement of plant tolerance to phosphorus deficiency by biotechnological approaches. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:16-30. [PMID: 23586682 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.783549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including plants, phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient that is involved in various biochemical processes, such as lipid metabolism and the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and cell membranes. P also contributes to cellular signaling cascades by function as mediators of signal transduction and it also serves as a vital energy source for a wide range of biological functions. Due to its intensive use in agriculture, P resources have become limited. Therefore, it is critically important in the future to develop scientific strategies that aim to increase P use efficiency and P recycling. In addition, the biologically available soluble form of P for uptake (phosphate; Pi) is readily washed out of topsoil layers, resulting in serious environmental pollution. In addition to this environmental concern, the wash out of Pi from topsoil necessitates a continuous Pi supply to maintain adequate levels of fertilization, making the situation worse. As a coping mechanism to P stress, plants are known to undergo drastic cellular changes in metabolism, physiology, hormonal balance and gene expression. Understanding these molecular, physiological and biochemical responses developed by plants will play a vital role in improving agronomic practices, resource conservation and environmental protection as well as serving as a foundation for the development of biotechnological strategies, which aim to improve P use efficiency in crops. In this review, we will discuss a variety of plant responses to low P conditions and various molecular mechanisms that regulate these responses. In addition, we also discuss the implication of this knowledge for the development of plant biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukbong Ha
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University , Buk-Gu, Gwangju , Korea and
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19
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Voothuluru P, Sharp RE. Apoplastic hydrogen peroxide in the growth zone of the maize primary root under water stress. I. Increased levels are specific to the apical region of growth maintenance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1223-33. [PMID: 23071257 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous work on the adaptation of maize (Zea mays L.) primary root growth to water stress showed that cell elongation is maintained in the apical region of the growth zone but progressively inhibited further from the apex. Cell wall proteomic analysis suggested that levels of apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), may be modified in a region-specific manner within the growth zone of water-stressed roots. Apoplastic ROS may have wall loosening or tightening effects and may also have other growth regulatory functions. To gain an understanding of how apoplastic ROS levels change under water stress, cerium chloride staining was used in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy to examine the spatial distribution of apoplastic H2O2. The results revealed that apoplastic H2O2 levels increased specifically in the apical region of the growth zone under water stress, correlating spatially with the maintenance of cell elongation. The basal regions of the growth zone of water-stressed roots and the entire growth zone of well-watered roots exhibited relatively low levels of apoplastic H2O2. The increase in apoplastic H2O2 in the apical region under water stress probably resulted, at least in part, from a pronounced increase in oxalate oxidase activity in this region. By contrast, well-watered roots showed negligible oxalate oxidase activity throughout the growth zone. The results show that changes in apoplastic ROS levels in the root growth zone under water-deficit conditions are regulated in a spatially-specific manner, suggesting that this response may play an important role in maize root adaptation to water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Voothuluru
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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20
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Nagarajan VK, Smith AP. Ethylene's role in phosphate starvation signaling: more than just a root growth regulator. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:277-86. [PMID: 22199374 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) is a common limiter of plant growth due to its low availability in most soils. Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms for sensing Pi deficiency and for initiating adaptive responses to low Pi conditions. Pi signaling pathways are modulated by both local and long-distance, or systemic, sensing mechanisms. Local sensing of low Pi initiates major root developmental changes aimed at enhancing Pi acquisition, whereas systemic sensing governs pathways that modulate expression of numerous genes encoding factors involved in Pi transport and distribution. The gaseous phytohormone ethylene has been shown to play an integral role in regulating local, root developmental responses to Pi deficiency. Comparatively, a role for ethylene in systemic Pi signaling has been more circumstantial. However, recent studies have revealed that ethylene acts to modulate a number of systemically controlled Pi starvation responses. Herein we highlight the findings from these studies and offer a model for how ethylene biosynthesis and responsiveness are integrated into both local and systemic Pi signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K Nagarajan
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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21
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Role of Ascorbate in the Regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana Root Growth by Phosphate Availability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/580342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis root system responds to phosphorus (P) deficiency by decreasing primary root elongation and developing abundant lateral roots. Feeding plants with ascorbic acid (ASC) stimulated primary root elongation in seedlings grown under limiting P concentration. However, at high P, ASC inhibited root growth. Seedlings of ascorbate-deficient mutant (vtc1) formed short roots irrespective of P availability. P-starved plants accumulated less ascorbate in primary root tips than those grown under high P. ASC-treatment stimulated cell divisions in root tips of seedlings grown at low P. At high P concentrations ASC decreased the number of mitotic cells in the root tips. The lateral root density in seedlings grown under P deficiency was decreased by ASC treatments. At high P, this parameter was not affected by ASC-supplementation. vtc1 mutant exhibited increased lateral root formation on either, P-deficient or P-sufficient medium. Irrespective of P availability, high ASC concentrations reduced density and growth of root hairs. These results suggest that ascorbate may participate in the regulation of primary root elongation at different phosphate availability via its effect on mitotic activity in the root tips.
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Mittler R, Vanderauwera S, Suzuki N, Miller G, Tognetti VB, Vandepoele K, Gollery M, Shulaev V, Van Breusegem F. ROS signaling: the new wave? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 16:300-9. [PMID: 21482172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1261] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a multitude of signaling roles in different organisms from bacteria to mammalian cells. They were initially thought to be toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism, but have now been acknowledged as central players in the complex signaling network of cells. In this review, we will attempt to address several key questions related to the use of ROS as signaling molecules in cells, including the dynamics and specificity of ROS signaling, networking of ROS with other signaling pathways, ROS signaling within and across different cells, ROS waves and the evolution of the ROS gene network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Mittler
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
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