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Huang Y, Bergant V, Grass V, Emslander Q, Hamad MS, Hubel P, Mergner J, Piras A, Krey K, Henrici A, Öllinger R, Tesfamariam YM, Dalla Rosa I, Bunse T, Sutter G, Ebert G, Schmidt FI, Way M, Rad R, Bowie AG, Protzer U, Pichlmair A. Multi-omics characterization of the monkeypox virus infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6778. [PMID: 39117661 PMCID: PMC11310467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple omics analyzes of Vaccinia virus (VACV) infection have defined molecular characteristics of poxvirus biology. However, little is known about the monkeypox (mpox) virus (MPXV) in humans, which has a different disease manifestation despite its high sequence similarity to VACV. Here, we perform an in-depth multi-omics analysis of the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome signatures of MPXV-infected primary human fibroblasts to gain insights into the virus-host interplay. In addition to expected perturbations of immune-related pathways, we uncover regulation of the HIPPO and TGF-β pathways. We identify dynamic phosphorylation of both host and viral proteins, which suggests that MAPKs are key regulators of differential phosphorylation in MPXV-infected cells. Among the viral proteins, we find dynamic phosphorylation of H5 that influenced the binding of H5 to dsDNA. Our extensive dataset highlights signaling events and hotspots perturbed by MPXV, extending the current knowledge on poxviruses. We use integrated pathway analysis and drug-target prediction approaches to identify potential drug targets that affect virus growth. Functionally, we exemplify the utility of this approach by identifying inhibitors of MTOR, CHUK/IKBKB, and splicing factor kinases with potent antiviral efficacy against MPXV and VACV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Huang
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Valter Bergant
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Vincent Grass
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Quirin Emslander
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - M Sabri Hamad
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Hubel
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Mergner
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry at University Hospital rechts der Isar (BayBioMS@MRI), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Piras
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Krey
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Henrici
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yonas M Tesfamariam
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ilaria Dalla Rosa
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Till Bunse
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian I Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Woo S, Strasser L. Atypical RhoUV GTPases in development and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:89-97. [PMID: 38314621 PMCID: PMC10903452 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
RhoU and RhoV are members of the Rho family of small GTPases that comprise their own subfamily. RhoUV GTPases are classified as atypical due to the kinetics of their GTP/GDP binding cycles. They also possess unique N- and C-termini that regulate their subcellular localization and activity. RhoU and RhoV have been linked to cytoskeletal regulation, cell adhesion, and cell migration. They each exhibit distinct expression patterns during embryonic development and diseases such as cancer metastasis, suggesting they have specialized functions. In this review, we will discuss the known functions of RhoU and RhoV, with a focus on their roles in early development, organogenesis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Woo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, U.S.A
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA, U.S.A
| | - Leesa Strasser
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, U.S.A
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA, U.S.A
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3
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Cowell E, Jaber H, Kris LP, Fitzgerald MG, Sanders VM, Norbury AJ, Eyre NS, Carr JM. Vav proteins do not influence dengue virus replication but are associated with induction of phospho-ERK, IL-6, and viperin mRNA following DENV infection in vitro. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0239123. [PMID: 38054722 PMCID: PMC10782993 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02391-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dengue disease is characterized by an inflammatory-mediated immunopathology, with elevated levels of circulating factors including TNF-α and IL-6. If the damaging inflammatory pathways could be blocked without loss of antiviral responses or exacerbating viral replication, then this would be of potential therapeutic benefit. The study here has investigated the Vav guanine exchange factors as a potential alternative signaling pathway that may drive dengue virus (DENV)-induced inflammatory responses, with a focus on Vav1 and 2. While Vav proteins were positively associated with mRNA for inflammatory cytokines, blocking Vav signaling didn't affect DENV replication but prevented DENV-induction of p-ERK and enhanced IL-6 (inflammatory) and viperin (antiviral) mRNA. These initial data suggest that Vav proteins could be a target that does not compromise control of viral replication and should be investigated further for broader impact on host inflammatory responses, in settings such as antibody-dependent enhancement of infection and in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangeline Cowell
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hawraa Jaber
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke P. Kris
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Madeleine G. Fitzgerald
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Valeria M. Sanders
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aidan J. Norbury
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas S. Eyre
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jillian M. Carr
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Li XM, Wang SP, Wang JY, Tang T, Wan B, Zeng L, Wang J, Chu BB, Yang GY, Pan JJ. RhoA suppresses pseudorabies virus replication in vitro. Virol J 2023; 20:264. [PMID: 37968757 PMCID: PMC10652432 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most devastating pathogens and brings great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Viruses are intracellular parasites that have evolved numerous strategies to subvert and utilize different host processes for their life cycle. Among the different systems of the host cell, the cytoskeleton is one of the most important which not only facilitate viral invasion and spread into neighboring cells, but also help viruses to evade the host immune system. RhoA is a key regulator of cytoskeleton system that may participate in virus infection. In this study, we characterized the function of RhoA in the PRV replication by chemical drugs treatment, gene knockdown and gene over-expression strategy. Inhibition of RhoA by specific inhibitor and gene knockdown promoted PRV proliferation. On the contrary, overexpression of RhoA or activation of RhoA by chemical drug inhibited PRV infection. Besides, our data demonstrated that PRV infection induced the disruption of actin stress fiber, which was consistent with previous report. In turn, the actin specific inhibitor cytochalasin D markedly disrupted the normal fibrous structure of intracellular actin cytoskeleton and decreased the PRV replication, suggesting that actin cytoskeleton polymerization contributed to PRV replication in vitro. In summary, our data displayed that RhoA was a host restriction factor that inhibited PRV replication, which may deepen our understanding the pathogenesis of PRV and provide further insight into the prevention of PRV infection and the development of anti-viral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Man Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shi-Ping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ting Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450047, China
| | - Jia-Jia Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Roa-Linares VC, Escudero-Flórez M, Vicente-Manzanares M, Gallego-Gómez JC. Host Cell Targets for Unconventional Antivirals against RNA Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030776. [PMID: 36992484 PMCID: PMC10058429 DOI: 10.3390/v15030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of RNA-based viruses. The most prominent members of this group are SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), EBOV (Ebola virus), DENV (dengue virus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), ZIKV (Zika virus), CHIKV (chikungunya virus), and influenza A virus. With the exception of retroviruses which produce reverse transcriptase, the majority of RNA viruses encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerases which do not include molecular proofreading tools, underlying the high mutation capacity of these viruses as they multiply in the host cells. Together with their ability to manipulate the immune system of the host in different ways, their high mutation frequency poses a challenge to develop effective and durable vaccination and/or treatments. Consequently, the use of antiviral targeting agents, while an important part of the therapeutic strategy against infection, may lead to the selection of drug-resistant variants. The crucial role of the host cell replicative and processing machinery is essential for the replicative cycle of the viruses and has driven attention to the potential use of drugs directed to the host machinery as therapeutic alternatives to treat viral infections. In this review, we discuss small molecules with antiviral effects that target cellular factors in different steps of the infectious cycle of many RNA viruses. We emphasize the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Finally, we postulate that the ferruginol analog (18-(phthalimide-2-yl) ferruginol) is a potential host-targeted antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky C Roa-Linares
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Manuela Escudero-Flórez
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan C Gallego-Gómez
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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6
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Rlip Protein: A Potential Target for COVID-19. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2023; 12:89-94. [PMID: 36816155 PMCID: PMC9924642 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
On January 30, 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic was declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Given the growing impact of the pandemic, there is great interest in finding potential targets for treating infected or hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Therapeutic studies have been conducted on pre-existing drugs, which vary by country, including anti-malarial agents, antiviral agents, and convalescent plasma. However, many of these agents are ineffective at reducing mortality or only shorten the severity or duration of COVID-19 illness in hospitalized patients. As such, other alternatives for treating COVID-19 are being investigated. One such target of interest has been clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE). Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is the most commonly observed mechanism of viral entry into cells. However, there have been no published studies to date on CDE inhibition strategies against COVID-19. One such target is Rlip or RLIP76 (human gene RALBP1, 18p11.22). Among its many functions, Rlip is a stress-protective, Ral-regulated ATPase of the mercapturic acid pathway that transports glutathione-electrophile conjugates of electrophilic toxins, which are precursors of mercapturic acid that precedes de-glutamylation by gamma-glutamyl transferase. Rlip is also regulated by several G-proteins that coordinate movement of cells, organelles, membranes, cytoskeleton, macromolecules, and other small molecules. Previous studies have link Rlip in the pathogenesis of several viral illness. In this paper, we want to propose that RLIP76 (Rlip or RALBP1) may be a novel target for treating SARS-CoV-2 viral infections.
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Statin Therapy and the Risk of Viral Infection: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195626. [PMID: 36233493 PMCID: PMC9571401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins exert cholesterol-independent beneficial effects, including immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we attempted to investigate the association between statin therapy and the risk of viral infection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified patients with hyperlipidemia and divided them into two cohorts: statin users and statin nonusers. A 1:1 propensity score matching was conducted between the two cohorts, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk of viral infection. Overall, a total of 20,202 patients were included in each cohort. The median follow-up durations were 4.41 and 6.90 years for statin nonusers and users, respectively. The risk of viral infection was 0.40-fold (95% confidence interval = 0.38–0.41) in statin users than in statin nonusers after adjustment for potential confounders. Statin treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of viral infection in all age groups older than 18 years in both men and women. Moreover, the risk of viral infection substantially reduced as the duration of statin treatment increased. Our findings suggest that statin therapy is associated with a significantly lower risk of viral infection in patients with hyperlipidemia.
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8
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Hou W, Wang S, Wu H, Xue L, Wang B, Wang S, Wang H. Small GTPase-a Key Role in Host Cell for Coronavirus Infection and a Potential Target for Coronavirus Vaccine Adjuvant Discovery. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092044. [PMID: 36146850 PMCID: PMC9504349 DOI: 10.3390/v14092044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases are signaling molecules in regulating key cellular processes (e.g., cell differentiation, proliferation, and motility) as well as subcellular events (e.g., vesicle trafficking), making them key participants, especially in a great array of coronavirus infection processes. In this review, we discuss the role of small GTPases in the coronavirus life cycle, especially pre-entry, endocytosis, intracellular traffic, replication, and egress from the host cell. Furthermore, we also suggest the molecules that have potent adjuvant activity by targeting small GTPases. These studies provide deep insights and references to understand the pathogenesis of coronavirus as well as to propose the potential of small GTPases as targets for adjuvant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Sibei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Heqiong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Linli Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence:
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Bhide K, Mochnáčová E, Tkáčová Z, Petroušková P, Kulkarni A, Bhide M. Signaling events evoked by domain III of envelop glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8863. [PMID: 35614140 PMCID: PMC9133079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus can cross the blood–brain barrier via hematogenous route. The attachment of a virion to the cells of a neurovascular unit, which is mediated by domain III of glycoprotein E, initiates a series of events that may aid viral entry. Thus, we sought to uncover the post-attachment biological events elicited in brain microvascular endothelial cells by domain III. RNA sequencing of cells treated with DIII of TBEV and WNV showed significant alteration in the expression of 309 and 1076 genes, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed activation of the TAM receptor pathway. Several genes that regulate tight-junction integrity were also activated, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, cell-adhesion molecules, claudins, and matrix metalloprotease (mainly ADAM17). Results also indicate activation of a pro-apoptotic pathway. TLR2 was upregulated in both cases, but MyD88 was not. In the case of TBEV DIII, a MyD88 independent pathway was activated. Furthermore, both cases showed dramatic dysregulation of IFN and IFN-induced genes. Results strongly suggest that the virus contact to the cell surface emanates a series of events namely viral attachment and diffusion, breakdown of tight junctions, induction of virus uptake, apoptosis, reorganization of the extracellular-matrix, and activation of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Evelína Mochnáčová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Tkáčová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Amod Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Neuroimmunology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic. .,Institute of Neuroimmunology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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A first glimpse into the transcriptomic changes induced by the PaV1 infection in the gut of Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae). Virus Res 2022; 311:198713. [PMID: 35176328 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) supports important fisheries in the Caribbean region. This species is affected by a deadly virus, Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1), the only known pathogenic virus for this species. As infection progresses, the effects of PaV1 on its host become systemic, with far reaching impacts on the host's physiology, including structural injuries to its gastrointestinal organs, such as the hepatopancreas and the gut. This last one becomes highly compromised in the last stages of infection. Since the gut is a key organ for the physiological stability of lobsters, we compared the transcriptomic changes in the gut of juvenile individuals of Panulirus argus naturally infected with PaV1. In the RNA-Seq analysis, we obtained a total of 485 × 106 raw reads. After cleaning, reads were de novo assembled into 68,842 transcripts and 50,257 unigenes. The length of unigenes ranged from 201 bp to 28,717 bp, with a N50 length of 2079, and a GC content of 40.61%. In the differential gene expression analysis, we identified a total of 3,405 non redundant differential transcripts, of which 1,920 were up-regulated and 1,485 were down-regulated. We found alterations in transcripts encoding for proteins involved in transcriptional regulation, splicing, postraductional regulation, protein signaling, transmembrane transport, cytoskeletal regulation, and proteolysis, among others. This is the first insight into the transcriptomic regulation of PaV1-P. argus interaction. The information generated can help to unravel the molecular mechanisms that may intervene in the gut during PaV1 infection.
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11
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Vav Proteins in Development of the Brain: A Potential Relationship to the Pathogenesis of Congenital Zika Syndrome? Viruses 2022; 14:v14020386. [PMID: 35215978 PMCID: PMC8874935 DOI: 10.3390/v14020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can result in a significant impact on the brain and eye of the developing fetus, termed congenital zika syndrome (CZS). At a morphological level, the main serious presentations of CZS are microcephaly and retinal scarring. At a cellular level, many cell types of the brain may be involved, but primarily neuronal progenitor cells (NPC) and developing neurons. Vav proteins have guanine exchange activity in converting GDP to GTP on proteins such as Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA to stimulate intracellular signaling pathways. These signaling pathways are known to play important roles in maintaining the polarity and self-renewal of NPC pools by coordinating the formation of adherens junctions with cytoskeletal rearrangements. In developing neurons, these same pathways are adopted to control the formation and growth of neurites and mediate axonal guidance and targeting in the brain and retina. This review describes the role of Vavs in these processes and highlights the points of potential ZIKV interaction, such as (i) the binding and entry of ZIKV in cells via TAM receptors, which may activate Vav/Rac/RhoA signaling; (ii) the functional convergence of ZIKV NS2A with Vav in modulating adherens junctions; (iii) ZIKV NS4A/4B protein effects on PI3K/AKT in a regulatory loop via PPI3 to influence Vav/Rac1 signaling in neurite outgrowth; and (iv) the induction of SOCS1 and USP9X following ZIKV infection to regulate Vav protein degradation or activation, respectively, and impact Vav/Rac/RhoA signaling in NPC and neurons. Experiments to define these interactions will further our understanding of the molecular basis of CZS and potentially other developmental disorders stemming from in utero infections. Additionally, Vav/Rac/RhoA signaling pathways may present tractable targets for therapeutic intervention or molecular rationale for disease severity in CZS.
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12
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Song X, Wang Y, Li F, Cao W, Zeng Q, Qin S, Wang Z, Jia J, Xiao J, Hu X, Liu K, Wang Y, Ren Z. Hsp90 Inhibitors Inhibit the Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Into Neuron Cells by Regulating Cofilin-Mediated F-Actin Reorganization. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:799890. [PMID: 35082770 PMCID: PMC8785254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.799890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a common neurotropic virus, the herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) caused by which is considered to be the most common sporadic but fatal encephalitis. Traditional antiviral drugs against HSV-1 are limited to nucleoside analogs targeting viral factors. Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has potent anti-HSV-1 activities via numerous mechanisms, but the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors on HSV-1 infection in neuronal cells, especially in the phase of virus entry, are still unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the Hsp90 inhibitors on HSV-1 infection of neuronal cells. Interestingly, we found that Hsp90 inhibitors promoted viral adsorption but inhibited subsequent penetration in neuronal cell lines and primary neurons, which jointly confers the antiviral activity of the Hsp90 inhibitors. Mechanically, Hsp90 inhibitors mainly impaired the interaction between Hsp90 and cofilin, resulting in reduced cofilin membrane distribution, which led to F-actin polymerization to promote viral attachment. However, excessive polymerization of F-actin inhibited subsequent viral penetration. Consequently, unidirectional F-actin polymerization limits the entry of HSV-1 virions into neuron cells. Our research extended the molecular mechanism of Hsp90 in HSV-1 infection in neuron cells and provided a theoretical basis for developing antiviral drugs targeting Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Cao
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongzhen Zeng
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shurong Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyan Jia
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Borst C, Symmank D, Drach M, Weninger W. Cutaneous signs and mechanisms of inflammasomopathies. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:454-465. [PMID: 35039323 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The emerging group of autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) is caused by a dysregulation of the innate immune system while lacking the typical footprint of adaptive immunity. A prominent subgroup of AIDs are inflammasomopathies, which are characterised by periodic flares of cutaneous signs as well as systemic organ involvement and fever. The range of possible skin lesions is vast, ranging from urticarial, erysipelas-like and pustular rashes to erythematous patches, violaceous plaques and eventual necrosis and ulceration. This review provides a structured overview of the pathogenesis and the clinical picture with a focus on dermatological aspects of inflammasomopathies. Current treatment options for these conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Borst
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Dörte Symmank
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Mathias Drach
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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14
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Sura T, Surabhi S, Maaß S, Hammerschmidt S, Siemens N, Becher D. The global proteome and ubiquitinome of bacterial and viral co-infected bronchial epithelial cells. J Proteomics 2022; 250:104387. [PMID: 34600154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections facilitate bacterial trafficking to the lower respiratory tract resulting in bacterial-viral co-infections. Bacterial dissemination to the lower respiratory tract is enhanced by influenza A virus induced epithelial cell damage and dysregulation of immune responses. Epithelial cells act as a line of defense and detect pathogens by a high variety of pattern recognition receptors. The post-translational modification ubiquitin is involved in almost every cellular process. Moreover, ubiquitination contributes to the regulation of host immune responses, influenza A virus uncoating and transport within host cells. We applied proteomics with a special focus on ubiquitination to assess the impact of single bacterial and viral as well as bacterial-viral co-infections on bronchial epithelial cells. We used Tandem Ubiquitin Binding Entities to enrich polyubiquitinated proteins and assess changes in the ubiquitinome. Infecting 16HBE cells with Streptococcus pyogenes led to an increased abundance of proteins related to mitochondrial translation and energy metabolism in proteome and ubiquitinome. In contrast, influenza A virus infection mainly altered the ubiquitinome. Co-infections had no additional impact on protein abundances or affected pathways. Changes in protein abundance and enriched pathways were assigned to imprints of both infecting pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE: Viral and bacterial co-infections of the lower respiratory tract are a burden for health systems worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the complex interplay between the host and the infecting pathogens. Thus, we analyzed the proteome and the ubiquitinome of co-infected bronchial epithelial cells to elaborate a potential synergism of the two infecting organisms. The results presented in this work can be used as a starting point for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sura
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Surabhi Surabhi
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Maaß
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siemens
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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15
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Embedding of HIV Egress within Cortical F-Actin. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11010056. [PMID: 35056004 PMCID: PMC8777837 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
F-Actin remodeling is important for the spread of HIV via cell-cell contacts; however, the mechanisms by which HIV corrupts the actin cytoskeleton are poorly understood. Through live cell imaging and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), we observed F-Actin structures that exhibit strong positive curvature to be enriched for HIV buds. Virion proteomics, gene silencing, and viral mutagenesis supported a Cdc42-IQGAP1-Arp2/3 pathway as the primary intersection of HIV budding, membrane curvature and F-Actin regulation. Whilst HIV egress activated the Cdc42-Arp2/3 filopodial pathway, this came at the expense of cell-free viral release. Importantly, release could be rescued by cell-cell contact, provided Cdc42 and IQGAP1 were present. From these observations, we conclude that a proportion out-going HIV has corrupted a central F-Actin node that enables initial coupling of HIV buds to cortical F-Actin to place HIV at the leading cell edge. Whilst this initially prevents particle release, the maturation of cell-cell contacts signals back to this F-Actin node to enable viral release & subsequent infection of the contacting cell.
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16
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A CRISPR Activation Screen Identifies an Atypical Rho GTPase That Enhances Zika Viral Entry. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112113. [PMID: 34834920 PMCID: PMC8623001 DOI: 10.3390/v13112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging flavivirus that has caused large-scale epidemics. Infection during pregnancy can lead to neurologic developmental abnormalities in children. There is no approved vaccine or therapy for ZIKV. To uncover cellular pathways required for ZIKV that can be therapeutically targeted, we transcriptionally upregulated all known human coding genes with an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 activation complex in human fibroblasts deficient in interferon (IFN) signaling. We identified Ras homolog family member V (RhoV) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1) as proviral factors, and found them to play important roles during early ZIKV infection in A549 cells. We then focused on RhoV, a Rho GTPase with atypical terminal sequences and membrane association, and validated its proviral effects on ZIKV infection and virion production in SNB-19 cells. We found that RhoV promotes infection of some flaviviruses and acts at the step of viral entry. Furthermore, RhoV proviral effects depend on the complete GTPase cycle. By depleting Rho GTPases and related proteins, we identified RhoB and Pak1 as additional proviral factors. Taken together, these results highlight the positive role of RhoV in ZIKV infection and confirm CRISPR activation as a relevant method to identify novel host-pathogen interactions.
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17
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The journey of herpesvirus capsids and genomes to the host cell nucleus. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 50:147-158. [PMID: 34464845 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Starting a herpesviral infection is a steeplechase across membranes, cytosol, and nuclear envelopes and against antiviral defence mechanisms. Here, we highlight recent insights on capsid stabilization at the portals during assembly, early capsid-host interactions ensuring nuclear targeting of incoming capsids, and genome uncoating. After fusion with a host membrane, incoming capsids recruit microtubule motors for traveling to the centrosome, and by unknown mechanisms get forward towards the nucleus. The interaction of capsid-associated tegument proteins with nucleoporins orients the capsid portal towards the nuclear pore, and presumably after removal of the portal caps the genomes that have been packaged under pressure can be injected into the nucleoplasm for transcription and replication. Some cell types disarm the incoming capsids or silence the incoming genomes to reduce the likelihood of infection.
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18
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Stavrakaki E, Dirven CMF, Lamfers MLM. Personalizing Oncolytic Virotherapy for Glioblastoma: In Search of Biomarkers for Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040614. [PMID: 33557101 PMCID: PMC7913874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite multimodal treatment, the prognosis of GBM patients remains very poor. Oncolytic virotherapy is being evaluated as novel treatment for this patient group and clinical trials testing oncolytic viruses have shown impressive responses, albeit in a small subset of GBM patients. Obtaining insight into specific tumor- or patient-related characteristics of the responding patients, may in the future improve response rates. In this review we discuss factors related to oncolytic activity of the most widely applied oncolytic virus strains as well as potential biomarkers and future assays that may allow us to predict response to these agents. Such biomarkers and tools may in the future enable personalizing oncolytic virotherapy for GBM patients. Abstract Oncolytic virus (OV) treatment may offer a new treatment option for the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma. Clinical trials testing oncolytic viruses in this patient group have shown promising results, with patients achieving impressive long-term clinical responses. However, the number of responders to each OV remains low. This is thought to arise from the large heterogeneity of these tumors, both in terms of molecular make-up and their immune-suppressive microenvironment, leading to variability in responses. An approach that may improve response rates is the personalized utilization of oncolytic viruses against Glioblastoma (GBM), based on specific tumor- or patient-related characteristics. In this review, we discuss potential biomarkers for response to different OVs as well as emerging ex vivo assays that in the future may enable selection of optimal OV for a specific patient and design of stratified clinical OV trials for GBM.
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19
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Dziengelewski C, Rodrigue MA, Caillier A, Jacquet K, Boulanger MC, Bergeman J, Fuchs M, Lambert H, Laprise P, Richard DE, Bordeleau F, Huot MÉ, Lavoie JN. Adenoviral protein E4orf4 interacts with the polarity protein Par3 to induce nuclear rupture and tumor cell death. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:151580. [PMID: 32328642 PMCID: PMC7147092 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor cell–selective killing activity of the adenovirus type 2 early region 4 ORF4 (E4orf4) protein is poorly defined at the molecular level. Here, we show that the tumoricidal effect of E4orf4 is typified by changes in nuclear dynamics that depend on its interaction with the polarity protein Par3 and actomyosin contractility. Mechanistically, E4orf4 induced a high incidence of nuclear bleb formation and repetitive nuclear ruptures, which promoted nuclear efflux of E4orf4 and loss of nuclear integrity. This process was regulated by nucleocytoskeletal connections, Par3 clustering proximal to nuclear lamina folds, and retrograde movement of actin bundles that correlated with nuclear ruptures. Significantly, Par3 also regulated the incidence of spontaneous nuclear ruptures facilitated by the downmodulation of lamins. This work uncovered a novel role for Par3 in controlling the actin-dependent forces acting on the nuclear envelope to remodel nuclear shape, which might be a defining feature of tumor cells that is harnessed by E4orf4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Dziengelewski
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Rodrigue
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexia Caillier
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Kévin Jacquet
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Chloé Boulanger
- Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Bergeman
- Institut de Recherches Clinique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Margit Fuchs
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Management, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Herman Lambert
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Laprise
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Darren E Richard
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - François Bordeleau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Étienne Huot
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Josée N Lavoie
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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20
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Cahill ME, Loeb M, Dewan AT, Montgomery RR. In-Depth Analysis of Genetic Variation Associated with Severe West Nile Viral Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E744. [PMID: 33302579 PMCID: PMC7768385 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus which causes symptomatic disease in a minority of infected humans. To identify novel genetic variants associated with severe disease, we utilized data from an existing case-control study of WNV and included population controls for an expanded analysis. We conducted imputation and gene-gene interaction analysis in the largest and most comprehensive genetic study conducted to date for West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). Within the imputed West Nile virus dataset (severe cases n = 381 and asymptomatic/mild controls = 441), we found novel loci within the MCF.2 Cell Line Derived Transforming Sequence Like (MCF2L) gene (rs9549655 and rs2297192) through the individual loci analyses, although none reached statistical significance. Incorporating population controls from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 9012) did not identify additional novel variants, a possible reflection of the cohort's inclusion of individuals who could develop mild or severe WNV disease upon infection. Many of the top gene-gene interaction results were intergenic, with currently undefined biological roles, highlighting the need for further investigation into these regions and other identified gene targets in severe WNND. Further studies including larger sample sizes and more diverse populations reflective of those at risk are needed to fully understand the genetic architecture of severe WNDD and provide guidance on viable targets for therapeutic and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Cahill
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 1 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.T.D.)
| | - Mark Loeb
- 3208 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning & Discovery, Division of Clinical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Andrew T. Dewan
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 1 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.T.D.)
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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21
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Demongeot J, Seligmann H. SARS-CoV-2 and miRNA-like inhibition power. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110245. [PMID: 33254550 PMCID: PMC7471724 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: RNA viruses and especially coronaviruses could act inside host cells not only by building their own proteins, but also by perturbing the cell metabolism. We show the possibility of miRNA-like inhibitions by the SARS-CoV-2 concerning for example the hemoglobin and type I interferons syntheses, hence highly perturbing oxygen distribution in vital organs and immune response as described by clinicians; (2) Hypothesis: We hypothesize that short RNA sequences (about 20 nucleotides in length) from the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome can inhibit the translation of human proteins involved in oxygen metabolism, olfactory perception and immune system. (3) Methods: We compare RNA subsequences of SARS-CoV-2 protein S and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes to mRNA sequences of beta-globin and type I interferons; (4) Results: RNA subsequences longer than eight nucleotides from SARS-CoV-2 genome could hybridize subsequences of the mRNA of beta-globin and of type I interferons; (5) Conclusions: Beyond viral protein production, COVID-19 might affect vital processes like host oxygen transport and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Demongeot
- Laboratory AGEIS EA 7407, Team Tools for e-Gnosis Medical & Labcom CNRS/UGA/OrangeLabs Telecom4Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes (UGA), 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Hervé Seligmann
- Laboratory AGEIS EA 7407, Team Tools for e-Gnosis Medical & Labcom CNRS/UGA/OrangeLabs Telecom4Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes (UGA), 38700 La Tronche, France; The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91404 Jerusalem, Israel
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22
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Mollica V, Rizzo A, Massari F. The pivotal role of TMPRSS2 in coronavirus disease 2019 and prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2029-2033. [PMID: 32658591 PMCID: PMC7359420 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mollica
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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23
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Xing J, Shankar R, Drelich A, Paithankar S, Chekalin E, Dexheimer T, Chua MS, Rajasekaran S, Tseng CTK, Chen B. Analysis of Infected Host Gene Expression Reveals Repurposed Drug Candidates and Time-Dependent Host Response Dynamics for COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.04.07.030734. [PMID: 32511305 PMCID: PMC7217282 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.07.030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The repurposing of existing drugs offers the potential to expedite therapeutic discovery against the current COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We have developed an integrative approach to predict repurposed drug candidates that can reverse SARS-CoV-2-induced gene expression in host cells, and evaluate their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. We found that 13 virus-induced gene expression signatures computed from various viral preclinical models could be reversed by compounds previously identified to be effective against SARS- or MERS-CoV, as well as drug candidates recently reported to be efficacious against SARS-CoV-2. Based on the ability of candidate drugs to reverse these 13 infection signatures, as well as other clinical criteria, we identified 10 novel candidates. The four drugs bortezomib, dactolisib, alvocidib, and methotrexate inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells at < 1 µM, but only methotrexate did not exhibit unfavorable cytotoxicity. Although further improvement of cytotoxicity prediction and bench testing is required, our computational approach has the potential to rapidly and rationally identify repurposed drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of signature genes induced by SARS-CoV-2 also revealed interesting time-dependent host response dynamics and critical pathways for therapeutic interventions (e.g. Rho GTPase activation and cytokine signaling suppression).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Rama Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Shreya Paithankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Evgenii Chekalin
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Dexheimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Helen Devos Children Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Chien-Te Kent Tseng
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Center of Biodefense and Emerging Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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24
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Drak Alsibai K. Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and proteases in COVID-19 patients: A potential role of cellular FURIN in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:109893. [PMID: 32512290 PMCID: PMC7261074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a mini-review was published in the Medical Hypotheses journal by Usul Afsar entitled 2019-nCoV-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: Cruciality of Furin and relevance with cancer. Previous studies have pointed out that disruption of the proteolytic cleavage of proteins can promote infectious and non-infectious diseases. The last few weeks have been marked by an important revelation concerning the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2. This new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and transmissible acute respiratory infectious disorder. SARS-CoV-2 is composed of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and structural proteins including Spike protein (S protein). Interestingly, the FURIN, one of the proproteins of the convertase family, plays a crucial role in the maturation of viral glycoproteins. In addition, many viruses including coronaviruses, exploit FURIN for the activation of their glycoproteins. Recent data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Subsequently, the S protein is cleaved by transmembrane protease serine 2 with the help of FURIN which facilitates the entry of the virus into the cell after binding. Furthermore, it seems that FURIN is implicated in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially in the increased rates of human-to-human transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinan Drak Alsibai
- Department of Pathology, Cayenne Hospital Centre, F-97300 Cayenne, France; Biological Resource Centre (CRB Amazonie), Cayenne Hospital Centre, F-97300 Cayenne, France.
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25
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Lukassen S, Chua RL, Trefzer T, Kahn NC, Schneider MA, Muley T, Winter H, Meister M, Veith C, Boots AW, Hennig BP, Kreuter M, Conrad C, Eils R. SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105114. [PMID: 32246845 PMCID: PMC7232010 DOI: 10.15252/embj.20105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 633] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affecting the human respiratory system severely challenges public health and urgently demands for increasing our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, especially host factors facilitating virus infection and replication. SARS-CoV-2 was reported to enter cells via binding to ACE2, followed by its priming by TMPRSS2. Here, we investigate ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels and their distribution across cell types in lung tissue (twelve donors, 39,778 cells) and in cells derived from subsegmental bronchial branches (four donors, 17,521 cells) by single nuclei and single cell RNA sequencing, respectively. While TMPRSS2 is strongly expressed in both tissues, in the subsegmental bronchial branches ACE2 is predominantly expressed in a transient secretory cell type. Interestingly, these transiently differentiating cells show an enrichment for pathways related to RHO GTPase function and viral processes suggesting increased vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data provide a rich resource for future investigations of COVID-19 infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Lukassen
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Center for Digital HealthBerlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Lorenz Chua
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Center for Digital HealthBerlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Timo Trefzer
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Center for Digital HealthBerlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Nicolas C Kahn
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care MedicineCenter for interstitial and rare lung diseasesThoraxklinik, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
- Translational Research UnitThoraxklinik, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
- Translational Research UnitThoraxklinik, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThoraxklinik, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
- Translational Research UnitThoraxklinik, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Carmen Veith
- Division of Redox RegulationGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) HeidelbergGermany
| | - Agnes W Boots
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNUTRIM School of NutritionTranslational Research and MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Bianca P Hennig
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Center for Digital HealthBerlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care MedicineCenter for interstitial and rare lung diseasesThoraxklinik, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Roland Eils
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Center for Digital HealthBerlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
- Health Data Science UnitHeidelberg University Hospital and BioQuantHeidelbergGermany
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26
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Lukassen S, Chua RL, Trefzer T, Kahn NC, Schneider MA, Muley T, Winter H, Meister M, Veith C, Boots AW, Hennig BP, Kreuter M, Conrad C, Eils R. SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells. EMBO J 2020. [PMID: 32246845 DOI: 10.1525/embj.20105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affecting the human respiratory system severely challenges public health and urgently demands for increasing our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, especially host factors facilitating virus infection and replication. SARS-CoV-2 was reported to enter cells via binding to ACE2, followed by its priming by TMPRSS2. Here, we investigate ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels and their distribution across cell types in lung tissue (twelve donors, 39,778 cells) and in cells derived from subsegmental bronchial branches (four donors, 17,521 cells) by single nuclei and single cell RNA sequencing, respectively. While TMPRSS2 is strongly expressed in both tissues, in the subsegmental bronchial branches ACE2 is predominantly expressed in a transient secretory cell type. Interestingly, these transiently differentiating cells show an enrichment for pathways related to RHO GTPase function and viral processes suggesting increased vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data provide a rich resource for future investigations of COVID-19 infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Lukassen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Lorenz Chua
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Trefzer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas C Kahn
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Center for interstitial and rare lung diseases, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Veith
- Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes W Boots
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca P Hennig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Center for interstitial and rare lung diseases, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Health Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Ferguson MS, Chard Dunmall LS, Gangeswaran R, Marelli G, Tysome JR, Burns E, Whitehead MA, Aksoy E, Alusi G, Hiley C, Ahmed J, Vanhaesebroeck B, Lemoine NR, Wang Y. Transient Inhibition of PI3Kδ Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Intravenous Delivery of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1263-1275. [PMID: 32145202 PMCID: PMC7210704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting oncolytic viruses such as vaccinia virus (VV) are attractive cancer therapeutic agents that act through multiple mechanisms to provoke both tumor lysis and anti-tumor immune responses. However, delivery of these agents remains restricted to intra-tumoral administration, which prevents effective targeting of inaccessible and disseminated tumor cells. In the present study we have identified transient pharmacological inhibition of the leukocyte-enriched phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) as a novel mechanism to potentiate intravenous delivery of oncolytic VV to tumors. Pre-treatment of immunocompetent mice with the PI3Kδ-selective inhibitor IC87114 or the clinically approved idelalisib (CAL-101), prior to intravenous delivery of a tumor-tropic VV, dramatically improved viral delivery to tumors. This occurred via an inhibition of viral attachment to, but not internalization by, systemic macrophages through perturbation of signaling pathways involving RhoA/ROCK, AKT, and Rac. Pre-treatment using PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors prior to intravenous delivery of VV resulted in enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and significantly prolonged survival compared to delivery without PI3Kδ inhibition. These results indicate that effective intravenous delivery of oncolytic VV may be clinically achievable and could be useful in improving anti-tumor efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Ferguson
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Louisa S Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rathi Gangeswaran
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Marelli
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James R Tysome
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Otolaryngology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Burns
- Centre for Cell Signalling, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria A Whitehead
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ezra Aksoy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ghassan Alusi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Crispin Hiley
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jay Ahmed
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicholas R Lemoine
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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28
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Lukassen S, Chua RL, Trefzer T, Kahn NC, Schneider MA, Muley T, Winter H, Meister M, Veith C, Boots AW, Hennig BP, Kreuter M, Conrad C, Eils R. SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells. EMBO J 2020. [DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Lukassen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
- Center for Digital Health; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); Berlin Germany
| | - Robert Lorenz Chua
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
- Center for Digital Health; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); Berlin Germany
| | - Timo Trefzer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
- Center for Digital Health; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); Berlin Germany
| | - Nicolas C Kahn
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine; Center for interstitial and rare lung diseases; Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC); Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC); Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Heidelberg Germany
- Translational Research Unit; Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC); Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Heidelberg Germany
- Translational Research Unit; Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC); Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC); Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Heidelberg Germany
- Translational Research Unit; Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Carmen Veith
- Division of Redox Regulation; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Agnes W Boots
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; NUTRIM School of Nutrition; Translational Research and Metabolism; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Bianca P Hennig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
- Center for Digital Health; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine; Center for interstitial and rare lung diseases; Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC); Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
- Center for Digital Health; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); Berlin Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
- Center for Digital Health; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); Berlin Germany
- Health Data Science Unit; Heidelberg University Hospital and BioQuant; Heidelberg Germany
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29
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Salimi H, Cain MD, Jiang X, Roth RA, Beatty WL, Sun C, Klimstra WB, Hou J, Klein RS. Encephalitic Alphaviruses Exploit Caveola-Mediated Transcytosis at the Blood-Brain Barrier for Central Nervous System Entry. mBio 2020; 11:e02731-19. [PMID: 32047126 PMCID: PMC7018649 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02731-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV and WEEV, respectively) invade the central nervous system (CNS) early during infection, via neuronal and hematogenous routes. While viral replication mediates host shutoff, including expression of type I interferons (IFN), few studies have addressed how alphaviruses gain access to the CNS during established infection or the mechanisms of viral crossing at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we show that hematogenous dissemination of VEEV and WEEV into the CNS occurs via caveolin-1 (Cav-1)-mediated transcytosis (Cav-MT) across an intact BBB, which is impeded by IFN and inhibitors of RhoA GTPase. Use of reporter and nonreplicative strains also demonstrates that IFN signaling mediates viral restriction within cells comprising the neurovascular unit (NVU), differentially rendering brain endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes permissive to viral replication. Transmission and immunoelectron microscopy revealed early events in virus internalization and Cav-1 association within brain endothelial cells. Cav-1-deficient mice exhibit diminished CNS VEEV and WEEV titers during early infection, whereas viral burdens in peripheral tissues remained unchanged. Our findings show that alphaviruses exploit Cav-MT to enter the CNS and that IFN differentially restricts this process at the BBB.IMPORTANCE VEEV, WEEV, and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) are emerging infectious diseases in the Americas, and they have caused several major outbreaks in the human and horse population during the past few decades. Shortly after infection, these viruses can infect the CNS, resulting in severe long-term neurological deficits or death. Neuroinvasion has been associated with virus entry into the CNS directly from the bloodstream; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that following peripheral infection alphavirus augments vesicular formation/trafficking at the BBB and utilizes Cav-MT to cross an intact BBB, a process regulated by activators of Rho GTPases within brain endothelium. In vivo examination of early viral entry in Cav-1-deficient mice revealed significantly lower viral burdens in the brain than in similarly infected wild-type animals. These studies identify a potentially targetable pathway to limit neuroinvasion by alphaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Salimi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew D Cain
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robyn A Roth
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wandy L Beatty
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chengqun Sun
- Department of Immunology and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- Department of Immunology and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianghui Hou
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robyn S Klein
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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30
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Kumari M, Liu CH, Wu WC. Oligochitosan modified albumin as plasmid DNA delivery vector: Endocytic trafficking, polyplex fate, in vivo compatibility. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:492-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Graber K, Khan F, Glück B, Weigel C, Marzo S, Doshi H, Ehrhardt C, Heller R, Gräler M, Henke A. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in HSV-1-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Virus Res 2020; 276:197835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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Lasso G, Mayer SV, Winkelmann ER, Chu T, Elliot O, Patino-Galindo JA, Park K, Rabadan R, Honig B, Shapira SD. A Structure-Informed Atlas of Human-Virus Interactions. Cell 2019; 178:1526-1541.e16. [PMID: 31474372 PMCID: PMC6736651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While knowledge of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is critical for understanding virus-host relationships, limitations on the scalability of high-throughput methods have hampered their identification beyond a number of well-studied viruses. Here, we implement an in silico computational framework (pathogen host interactome prediction using structure similarity [P-HIPSTer]) that employs structural information to predict ∼282,000 pan viral-human PPIs with an experimental validation rate of ∼76%. In addition to rediscovering known biology, P-HIPSTer has yielded a series of new findings: the discovery of shared and unique machinery employed across human-infecting viruses, a likely role for ZIKV-ESR1 interactions in modulating viral replication, the identification of PPIs that discriminate between human papilloma viruses (HPVs) with high and low oncogenic potential, and a structure-enabled history of evolutionary selective pressure imposed on the human proteome. Further, P-HIPSTer enables discovery of previously unappreciated cellular circuits that act on human-infecting viruses and provides insight into experimentally intractable viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Lasso
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra V Mayer
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evandro R Winkelmann
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim Chu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Elliot
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kernyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sagi D Shapira
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Jamilloux Y, Magnotti F, Belot A, Henry T. The pyrin inflammasome: from sensing RhoA GTPases-inhibiting toxins to triggering autoinflammatory syndromes. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4956042. [PMID: 29718184 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogens including Clostridium difficile and Yersinia pestis have evolved toxins or effectors targeting GTPases from the RhoA subfamily (RhoA/B/C) to inhibit or hijack the host cytoskeleton dynamics. The resulting impairment of RhoA GTPases activity is sensed by the host via an innate immune complex termed the pyrin inflammasome in which caspase-1 is activated. The cascade leading to activation of the pyrin inflammasome has been recently uncovered. In this review, following a brief presentation of RhoA GTPases-modulating toxins, we present the pyrin inflammasome and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss how some pathogens have developed strategies to escape detection by the pyrin inflammasome. Finally, we present five monogenic autoinflammatory diseases associated with pyrin inflammasome deregulation. The molecular insights provided by the study of these diseases and the corresponding mutations on pyrin inflammasome regulation and activation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Jamilloux
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.,Departement de Médecine Interne, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69004 Lyon, France
| | - Flora Magnotti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Rhumatologie, Dermatologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
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Neave MJ, Hall RN, Huang N, McColl KA, Kerr P, Hoehn M, Taylor J, Strive T. Robust Innate Immunity of Young Rabbits Mediates Resistance to Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Caused by Lagovirus Europaeus GI.1 But Not GI.2. Viruses 2018; 10:E512. [PMID: 30235853 PMCID: PMC6163550 DOI: 10.3390/v10090512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rabbit caliciviruses Lagovirus europaeus GI.1 and GI.2 both cause acute necrotizing hepatitis in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Whilst GI.2 is highly virulent in both young and adult rabbits, rabbits younger than eight weeks of age are highly resistant to disease caused by GI.1, although they are still permissive to infection and viral replication. To investigate the underlying mechanism(s) of this age related resistance to GI.1, we compared liver transcriptomes of young rabbits infected with GI.1 to those of adult rabbits infected with GI.1 and young rabbits infected with GI.2. Our data suggest that kittens have constitutively heightened innate immune responses compared to adult rabbits, particularly associated with increased expression of major histocompatibility class II molecules and activity of natural killer cells, macrophages, and cholangiocytes. This enables them to respond more rapidly to GI.1 infection than adult rabbits and thus limit virus-induced pathology. In contrast, these responses were not fully developed during GI.2 infection. We speculate that the observed downregulation of multiple genes associated with innate immunity in kittens during GI.2 infection may be due to virally-mediated immunomodulation, permitting fatal disease to develop. Our study provides insight into the fundamental host⁻pathogen interactions responsible for the differences in age-related susceptibility, which likely plays a critical role in defining the success of GI.2 in outcompeting GI.1 in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Neave
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Robyn N Hall
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Nina Huang
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Kenneth A McColl
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Peter Kerr
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Marion Hoehn
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | | | - Tanja Strive
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Cuartas-López AM, Hernández-Cuellar CE, Gallego-Gómez JC. Disentangling the role of PI3K/Akt, Rho GTPase and the actin cytoskeleton on dengue virus infection. Virus Res 2018; 256:153-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Zilch A, Rien C, Weigel C, Huskobla S, Glück B, Spengler K, Sauerbrei A, Heller R, Gräler M, Henke A. Influence of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling on HCMV replication in human embryonal lung fibroblasts. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:227-242. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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37
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Bonfim-Melo A, Ferreira ÉR, Mortara RA. Rac1/WAVE2 and Cdc42/N-WASP Participation in Actin-Dependent Host Cell Invasion by Extracellular Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29541069 PMCID: PMC5835522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the participation of host cell Rho-family GTPases and their effector proteins in the actin-dependent invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi extracellular amastigotes (EAs). We observed that all proteins were recruited and colocalized with actin at EA invasion sites in live or fixed cells. EA internalization was inhibited in cells depleted in Rac1, N-WASP, and WAVE2. Time-lapse experiments with Rac1, N-WASP and WAVE2 depleted cells revealed that EA internalization kinetics is delayed even though no differences were observed in the proportion of EA-induced actin recruitment in these groups. Overexpression of constitutively active constructs of Rac1 and RhoA altered the morphology of actin recruitments to EA invasion sites. Additionally, EA internalization was increased in cells overexpressing CA-Rac1 but inhibited in cells overexpressing CA-RhoA. WT-Cdc42 expression increased EA internalization, but curiously, CA-Cdc42 inhibited it. Altogether, these results corroborate the hypothesis of EA internalization in non-phagocytic cells by a phagocytosis-like mechanism and present Rac1 as the key Rho-family GTPase in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bonfim-Melo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Éden R Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato A Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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IL-2 Inducible Kinase ITK is Critical for HIV-1 Infection of Jurkat T-cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3217. [PMID: 29453458 PMCID: PMC5816632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful replication of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 depends on the expression of various cellular host factors, such as the interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of the protein family of TEC-tyrosine kinases. ITK is selectively expressed in T-cells and coordinates signaling pathways downstream of the T-cell receptor and chemokine receptors, including PLC-1 activation, Ca2+-release, transcription factor mobilization, and actin rearrangements. The exact role of ITK during HIV-1 infection is still unknown. We analyzed the function of ITK during HIV-1 replication and showed that attachment, fusion of virions with the cell membrane and entry into Jurkat T-cells was inhibited when ITK was knocked down. In contrast, reverse transcription and provirus expression were not affected by ITK deficiency. Inhibited ITK expression did not affect the CXCR4 receptor on the cell surface, whereas CD4 and LFA-1 integrin levels were slightly enhanced in ITK knockdown cells and heparan sulfate (HS) expression was completely abolished in ITK depleted T-cells. However, neither HS expression nor other attachment factors could explain the impaired HIV-1 binding to ITK-deficient cells, which suggests that a more complex cellular process is influenced by ITK or that not yet discovered molecules contribute to restriction of HIV-1 binding and entry.
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39
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A screening assay for the identification of host cell requirements and antiviral targets for hepatitis D virus infection. Antiviral Res 2017; 141:116-123. [PMID: 28223128 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a minimalistic satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV/HDV co-infection, i.e. "hepatitis D", is the most severe form of viral hepatitis. No effective therapy for HDV infection is available partly due to the fact that HDV is a highly host-dependent virus devoid of any potentially drugable enzyme encoded in its small genome. In this study we present a semi-automated method to evaluate HDV infection and replication under the influence of different drugs. We utilized a Huh-7/hNTCP cell culture based system in a 96-well plate format, an automated microscope and image acquisition as well as analysis with the CellProfiler software to quantify the impact of these drugs on HDV infection. For validation, three groups of potential anti-HDV agents were evaluated: To target ribozyme activity of HDV RNA, we screened ribozyme inhibitors but only observed marked toxicity. Testing innate antiviral mediators showed that interferons alpha-2a and beta-1a had a specific inhibitory effect on HDV infection. Finally, we screened a library of 160 human kinase inhibitors covering all parts of the human kinome. Overall, only inhibitors targeting the tyrosine kinase-like group had significant average anti-HDV activity. Looking at individual substances, kenpaullone, a GSK-3β and Cdk inhibitor, had the highest selective index of 3.44. Thus, we provide a potentially useful tool to screen for substances with anti-HDV activity and novel insights into interactions between HDV replication and the human kinome.
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40
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Jiménez-Sánchez A. Coevolution of RAC Small GTPases and their Regulators GEF Proteins. Evol Bioinform Online 2016; 12:121-31. [PMID: 27226705 PMCID: PMC4872645 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s38031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RAC proteins are small GTPases involved in important cellular processes in eukaryotes, and their deregulation may contribute to cancer. Activation of RAC proteins is regulated by DOCK and DBL protein families of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Although DOCK and DBL proteins act as GEFs on RAC proteins, DOCK and DBL family members are evolutionarily unrelated. To understand how DBL and DOCK families perform the same function on RAC proteins despite their unrelated primary structure, phylogenetic analyses of the RAC, DBL, and DOCK families were implemented, and interaction patterns that may suggest a coevolutionary process were searched. Interestingly, while RAC and DOCK proteins are very well conserved in humans and among eukaryotes, DBL proteins are highly divergent. Moreover, correlation analyses of the phylogenetic distances of RAC and GEF proteins and covariation analyses between residues in the interacting domains showed significant coevolution rates for both RAC–DOCK and RAC–DBL interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jiménez-Sánchez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK.; Previously at Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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41
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Bourmeyster
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM); Université de Poitiers Poitiers Cédex, France
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Jacob T, Broeke CVD, Waesberghe CV, Troys LV, Favoreel HW. Pseudorabies virus US3 triggers RhoA phosphorylation to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2328-2335. [PMID: 25883194 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved alphaherpesvirus serine/threonine kinase US3 causes dramatic changes in the actin cytoskeleton, consisting of actin stress fibre breakdown and protrusion formation, associated with increased virus spread. Here, we showed that US3 expression led to RhoA phosphorylation at serine 188 (S188), one of the hallmarks of suppressed RhoA signalling, and that expression of a non-phosphorylatable RhoA variant interfered with the ability of US3 to induce actin rearrangements. Furthermore, inhibition of cellular protein kinase A (PKA) eliminated the ability of US3 to induce S188 RhoA phosphorylation, pointing to a role for PKA in US3-induced RhoA phosphorylation. Hence, the US3 kinase leads to PKA-dependent S188 RhoA phosphorylation, which contributes to US3-mediated actin rearrangements. Our data suggest that US3 efficiently usurps the antagonistic RhoA and Cdc42/Rac1/p21-activated kinase signalling branches to rearrange the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thary Jacob
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Céline Van den Broeke
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Cliff Van Waesberghe
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Troys
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman W Favoreel
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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43
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Leite F, Way M. The role of signalling and the cytoskeleton during Vaccinia Virus egress. Virus Res 2015; 209:87-99. [PMID: 25681743 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that are critically dependent on their hosts to replicate and generate new progeny. To achieve this goal, viruses have evolved numerous elegant strategies to subvert and utilise the different cellular machineries and processes of their unwilling hosts. Moreover, they often accomplish this feat with a surprisingly limited number of proteins. Among the different systems of the cell, the cytoskeleton is often one of the first to be hijacked as it provides a convenient transport system for viruses to reach their site of replication with relative ease. At the latter stages of their replication cycle, the cytoskeleton also provides an efficient means for newly assembled viral progeny to reach the plasma membrane and leave the infected cell. In this review we discuss how Vaccinia virus takes advantage of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons of its host to promote the spread of infection into neighboring cells. In particular, we highlight how analysis of actin-based motility of Vaccinia has provided unprecedented insights into how a phosphotyrosine-based signalling network is assembled and functions to stimulate Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization. We also suggest that the formin FHOD1 promotes actin-based motility of the virus by capping the fast growing ends of actin filaments rather than directly promoting filament assembly. We have come a long way since 1976, when electron micrographs of vaccinia-infected cells implicated the actin cytoskeleton in promoting viral spread. Nevertheless, there are still many unanswered questions concerning the role of signalling and the host cytoskeleton in promoting viral spread and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Leite
- Cell Motility Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cell Motility Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK.
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44
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Croisé P, Estay-Ahumada C, Gasman S, Ory S. Rho GTPases, phosphoinositides, and actin: a tripartite framework for efficient vesicular trafficking. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e29469. [PMID: 24914539 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.29469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are well known regulators of the actin cytoskeleton that act by binding and activating actin nucleators. They are therefore involved in many actin-based processes, including cell migration, cell polarity, and membrane trafficking. With the identification of phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases as potential binding partners or effectors, Rho GTPases also appear to participate in the regulation of phosphoinositide metabolism. Since both actin dynamics and phosphoinositide turnover affect the efficiency and the fidelity of vesicle transport between cell compartments, Rho GTPases have emerged as critical players in membrane trafficking. Rho GTPase activity, actin remodeling, and phosphoinositide metabolism need to be coordinated in both space and time to ensure the progression of vesicles along membrane trafficking pathways. Although most molecular pathways are still unclear, in this review, we will highlight recent advances made in our understanding of how Rho-dependent signaling pathways organize actin dynamics and phosphoinositides and how phosphoinositides potentially provide negative feedback to Rho GTPases during endocytosis, exocytosis and membrane exchange between intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Croisé
- CNRS UPR 3212; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Estay-Ahumada
- CNRS UPR 3212; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- CNRS UPR 3212; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Ory
- CNRS UPR 3212; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
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