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Miyata H, Shimada K, Kaneda Y, Ikawa M. Development of functional spermatozoa in mammalian spermiogenesis. Development 2024; 151:dev202838. [PMID: 39036999 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Infertility is a global health problem affecting one in six couples, with 50% of cases attributed to male infertility. Spermatozoa are male gametes, specialized cells that can be divided into two parts: the head and the flagellum. The head contains a vesicle called the acrosome that undergoes exocytosis and the flagellum is a motility apparatus that propels the spermatozoa forward and can be divided into two components, axonemes and accessory structures. For spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes, the acrosome and flagellum must be formed correctly. In this Review, we describe comprehensively how functional spermatozoa develop in mammals during spermiogenesis, including the formation of acrosomes, axonemes and accessory structures by focusing on analyses of mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Miyata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shimada
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Kaneda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Clement TM, Geyer CB, Willis WD, Goulding EH, Upadhyay S, Eddy EM. Actin-related protein ACTL7B ablation leads to OAT with multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagellum and male infertility in mice†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:447-464. [PMID: 36617158 PMCID: PMC10014417 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of fertilisation-competent sperm requires spermatid morphogenesis (spermiogenesis), a poorly understood program that involves complex coordinated restructuring and specialised cytoskeletal structures. A major class of cytoskeletal regulators are the actin-related proteins (ARPs), which include conventional actin variants, and related proteins that play essential roles in complexes regulating actin dynamics, intracellular transport, and chromatin remodeling. Multiple testis-specific ARPs are well conserved among mammals, but their functional roles are unknown. One of these is actin-like 7b (Actl7b) that encodes an orphan ARP highly similar to the ubiquitously expressed beta actin (ACTB). Here we report ACTL7B is expressed in human and mouse spermatids through the elongation phase of spermatid development. In mice, ACTL7B specifically localises to the developing acrosome, within the nucleus of early spermatids, and to the flagellum connecting region. Based on this localisation pattern and high level of sequence conservation in mice, humans, and other mammals, we examined the requirement for ACTL7B in spermiogenesis by generating and characterising the reproductive phenotype of male Actl7b KO mice. KO mice were infertile, with severe and variable oligoteratozoospermia (OAT) and multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagellum (MMAF) and sperm head. These defects phenocopy human OAT and MMAF, which are leading causes of idiopathic male infertility. In conclusion, this work identifies ACTL7B as a key regulator of spermiogenesis that is required for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Clement
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Christopher B Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute East Carolina University, Greenville, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute East Carolina University, Greenville, USA
| | - William D Willis
- Gamete Biology Group, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, USA
| | - Eugenia H Goulding
- Gamete Biology Group, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, USA
| | - Srijana Upadhyay
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Edward M Eddy
- Gamete Biology Group, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, USA
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Ying LJ, Yu L, Yang T, Wu YB, Xu JY, Jia YL, Zheng Y, Li F. Semen parameters are seriously affected in acephalic spermatozoa syndrome. Basic Clin Androl 2022; 32:20. [PMID: 36028792 PMCID: PMC9413908 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-022-00170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that some patients with headless spermatozoa have poor semen quality, but there has been no published systematic analysis of semen quality in patients with different proportions of headless spermatozoa in semen. We aimed to explore the association of acephalic spermatozoa syndrome and semen quality in men with distinct proportions of headless spermatozoa. MATERIAL AND METHODS Semen parameter values in patients for whom headless spermatozoa were found in the ejaculates was studied and compared to that of 413 age-matched prenatal examination patients. All semen samples were analyzed following the same methodology in a single laboratory. RESULTS All semen parameter values except semen volume were negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with the proportion of headless spermatozoa. The semen samples were divided into four groups on the basis of the proportion of headless spermatozoa (PHS) as follows: 0 < PHS ≤ 5% (n = 172, Group A1); 5 < PHS ≤ 10% (n = 76, Group A2); 10 < PHS ≤ 20% (n = 71, Group B); and PHS > 20% (n = 71, Group C). In Group A1, only one semen parameter value (progressive motility) was lower than those of the control group, but in Group A2, this increased to five (sperm vitality, normal sperm morphology, sperm motility, VCL (curvilinear velocity) and ALH (amplitude of lateral head displacement)). Worse still, all semen parameter values were significantly lower in Group B and Group C than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Semen samples containing headless spermatozoa tend to have lower quality than samples without headless spermatozoa. Increases in the proportion of headless spermatozoa in semen are associated with decreased semen quality. We suggest that headless spermatozoa should be seriously assessed and accurately counted in semen analysis, especially for ejaculate in which the proportion of headless spermatozoa exceeds 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Ying
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No. 1416, Section 1, Chenglong Avenue, Sichuan, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No. 1416, Section 1, Chenglong Avenue, Sichuan, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No. 1416, Section 1, Chenglong Avenue, Sichuan, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Bi Wu
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No. 1416, Section 1, Chenglong Avenue, Sichuan, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Yan Xu
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No. 1416, Section 1, Chenglong Avenue, Sichuan, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye-Lin Jia
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No. 1416, Section 1, Chenglong Avenue, Sichuan, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No. 1416, Section 1, Chenglong Avenue, Sichuan, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuping Li
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, No. 1416, Section 1, Chenglong Avenue, Sichuan, 610066, Chengdu, China.
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Differential Expression and Localization of EHBP1L1 during the First Wave of Rat Spermatogenesis Suggest Its Involvement in Acrosome Biogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010181. [PMID: 35052860 PMCID: PMC8773523 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and characterization of new proteins involved in spermatogenesis is fundamental, considering that good-quality gametes are basic in ensuring proper reproduction. Here, we further analyzed the temporal and spatial localization during the first spermatogenic wave of rat testis of EHBP1L1, which is involved in vesicular trafficking due to the CH and bMERB domains, which bind to actin and Rab8/10, respectively. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that EHBP1L1 protein expression started at 21 days post-partum (dpp) concomitantly with the appearance of primary spermatocytes (I SPC). In subsequent stages, EHBP1L1 specifically localized together with actin in the perinuclear cytoplasm close to the acrosomal and Golgian regions of spermatids (SPT) during the different phases of acrosome biogenesis (AB). Moreover, it was completely absent in elongated SPT and in mature spermatozoa, suggesting that its role was completed in previous stages. The combined data, also supported by our previous report demonstrating that EHBP1L1 mRNA was expressed by primary (I) and secondary (II) SPC, lead us to hypothesize its specific role during AB. Although these results are suggestive, further studies are needed to better clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms of AB, with the aim to use EHBP1L1 as a potential new marker for spermatogenesis.
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D’Souza Z, Sumya FT, Khakurel A, Lupashin V. Getting Sugar Coating Right! The Role of the Golgi Trafficking Machinery in Glycosylation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123275. [PMID: 34943782 PMCID: PMC8699264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is the central organelle of the secretory pathway and it houses the majority of the glycosylation machinery, which includes glycosylation enzymes and sugar transporters. Correct compartmentalization of the glycosylation machinery is achieved by retrograde vesicular trafficking as the secretory cargo moves forward by cisternal maturation. The vesicular trafficking machinery which includes vesicular coats, small GTPases, tethers and SNAREs, play a major role in coordinating the Golgi trafficking thereby achieving Golgi homeostasis. Glycosylation is a template-independent process, so its fidelity heavily relies on appropriate localization of the glycosylation machinery and Golgi homeostasis. Mutations in the glycosylation enzymes, sugar transporters, Golgi ion channels and several vesicle tethering factors cause congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) which encompass a group of multisystem disorders with varying severities. Here, we focus on the Golgi vesicle tethering and fusion machinery, namely, multisubunit tethering complexes and SNAREs and their role in Golgi trafficking and glycosylation. This review is a comprehensive summary of all the identified CDG causing mutations of the Golgi trafficking machinery in humans.
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Morohoshi A, Miyata H, Oyama Y, Oura S, Noda T, Ikawa M. FAM71F1 binds to RAB2A and RAB2B and is essential for acrosome formation and male fertility in mice. Development 2021; 148:dev199644. [PMID: 34714330 PMCID: PMC8602946 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The acrosome is a cap-shaped, Golgi-derived membranous organelle that is located over the anterior of the sperm nucleus and highly conserved throughout evolution. Although morphological changes during acrosome biogenesis in spermatogenesis have been well described, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is still largely unknown. Family with sequence similarity 71, member F1 and F2 (FAM71F1 and FAM71F2) are testis-enriched proteins that contain a RAB2B-binding domain, a small GTPase involved in vesicle transport and membrane trafficking. Here, by generating mutant mice for each gene, we found that Fam71f1 is essential for male fertility. In Fam71f1-mutant mice, the acrosome was abnormally expanded at the round spermatid stage, likely because of enhanced vesicle trafficking. Mass spectrometry analysis after immunoprecipitation indicated that, in testes, FAM71F1 binds not only RAB2B, but also RAB2A. Further study suggested that FAM71F1 binds to the GTP-bound active form of RAB2A/B, but not the inactive form. These results indicate that a complex of FAM71F1 and active RAB2A/B suppresses excessive vesicle trafficking during acrosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Morohoshi
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Miyata
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Oyama
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiya Oura
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taichi Noda
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Azhar M, Altaf S, Uddin I, Cheng J, Wu L, Tong X, Qin W, Bao J. Towards Post-Meiotic Sperm Production: Genetic Insight into Human Infertility from Mouse Models. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2487-2503. [PMID: 34326689 PMCID: PMC8315030 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Declined quality and quantity of sperm is currently the major cause of patients suffering from infertility. Male germ cell development is spatiotemporally regulated throughout the whole developmental process. While it has been known that exogenous factors, such as environmental exposure, diet and lifestyle, et al, play causative roles in male infertility, recent progress has revealed abundant genetic mutations tightly associated with defective male germline development. In mammals, male germ cells undergo dramatic morphological change (i.e., nuclear condensation) and chromatin remodeling during post-meiotic haploid germline development, a process termed spermiogenesis; However, the molecular machinery players and functional mechanisms have yet to be identified. To date, accumulated evidence suggests that disruption in any step of haploid germline development is likely manifested as fertility issues with low sperm count, poor sperm motility, aberrant sperm morphology or combined. With the continually declined cost of next-generation sequencing and recent progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, growing studies have revealed a vast number of disease-causing genetic variants associated with spermiogenic defects in both mice and humans, along with mechanistic insights partially attained and validated through genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). In this review, we mainly summarize genes that are functional at post-meiotic stage. Identification and characterization of deleterious genetic variants should aid in our understanding of germline development, and thereby further improve the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Saba Altaf
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Islam Uddin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Jinbao Cheng
- The 901th hospital of Joint logistics support Force of PLA, Anhui, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Xianhong Tong
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Weibing Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianqiang Bao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
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Xiong W, Shen C, Wang Z. The molecular mechanisms underlying acrosome biogenesis elucidated by gene-manipulated mice. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:789-807. [PMID: 34131698 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of two gametes in a multistep and multifactorial process termed fertilization. One of the main steps that ensures successful fertilization is acrosome reaction. The acrosome, a special kind of organelle with a cap-like structure that covers the anterior portion of sperm head, plays a key role in the process. Acrosome biogenesis begins with the initial stage of spermatid development, and it is typically divided into four successive phases: the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosome phase, and maturation phase. The run smoothly of above processes needs an active and specific coordination between the all kinds of organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, trans-golgi network and nucleus) and cytoplasmic structures (acroplaxome and manchette). During the past two decades, an increasingly genes have been discovered to be involved in modulating acrosome formation. Most of these proteins interact with each other and show a complicated molecular regulatory mechanism to facilitate the occurrence of this event. This Review focuses on the progresses of studying acrosome biogenesis using gene-manipulated mice and highlights an emerging molecular basis of mammalian acrosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xia M, Xia J, Niu C, Zhong Y, Ge T, Ding Y, Zheng Y. Testis-expressed protein 33 is not essential for spermiogenesis and fertility in mice. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:317. [PMID: 33760102 PMCID: PMC7974414 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression analyses have revealed that there are >2,300 testis-enriched genes in mice, and gene knockout models have shown that a number of them are responsible for male fertility. However, the functions of numerous genes have yet to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to identify the expression pattern of testis-expressed protein 33 (TEX33) in mice and explore the role of TEX33 in male reproduction. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to investigate the mRNA and protein levels of TEX33 in mouse testes during the first wave of spermatogenesis. Immunofluorescence analysis was also performed to identify the cellular and structural localization of TEX33 protein in the testes. Tex33 knockout mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing. Histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and fertility testing, were also carried out to evaluate the effect of TEX33 on mouse spermiogenesis and male reproduction. The results showed that Tex33 mRNA and protein were exclusively expressed in mouse testes and were first detected on postnatal days 21–28 (spermiogenesis phase); their expression then remained into adulthood. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that TEX33 protein was located in the spermatids and sperm within the seminiferous tubules of the mouse testes, and exhibited specific localization to the acrosome, flagellum and manchette during spermiogenesis. These results suggested that TEX33 may play a role in mouse spermiogenesis. However, Tex33 knockout mice presented no detectable difference in testis-to-body weight ratios when compared with wild-type mice. PAS staining and CASA revealed that spermatogenesis and sperm quality were normal in mice lacking Tex33. In addition, fertility testing suggested that the Tex33 knockout mice had normal reproductive functions. In summary, the findings of the present study indicate that TEX33 is associated with spermiogenesis but is not essential for sperm development and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Changmin Niu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Zhong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Ge
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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Berruti G. Destruction or Reconstruction: A Subtle Liaison between the Proteolytic and Signaling Role of Protein Ubiquitination in Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:215-240. [PMID: 34453739 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most diverse forms of protein post-translational modification that changes the function of the landscape of substrate proteins in response to stimuli, without the need for "de novo" protein synthesis. Ubiquitination is involved in almost all aspects of eukaryotic cell biology, from the best-studied role in promoting the removal of faulty or unnecessary proteins by the way of the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome pathway to the recruitment of proteins in specific non-proteolytic signaling pathways, as emerged by the more recent discoveries about the protein signature with peculiar types of ubiquitin chains. Spermatogenesis, on its own, is a complex cellular developmental process in which mitosis, meiosis, and cell differentiation coexist so to result in the continuous formation of haploid spermatozoa. Successful spermatogenesis is thus at the same time a mixed result of the precise expression and correct intracellular destination of structural proteins and enzymes, from one hand, and the fine removal by targeted degradation of unfolded or damaged proteins as well as of obsolete, outlived proteins, from the other hand. In this minireview, I will focus on the importance of the ubiquitin system all over the spermatogenic process, discussing both proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions of protein ubiquitination. Alterations in the ubiquitin system have been in fact implicated in pathologies leading to male infertility. Notwithstanding several aspects of the multifaceted world of the ubiquitin system have been clarified, the physiological meaning of the so-called ubiquitin code remains still partially elusive. The studies reviewed in this chapter provide information that could aid the investigators to pursue new promising discoveries in the understanding of human and animal reproductive potential.
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Pleuger C, Lehti MS, Dunleavy JE, Fietz D, O'Bryan MK. Haploid male germ cells-the Grand Central Station of protein transport. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:474-500. [PMID: 32318721 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise movement of proteins and vesicles is an essential ability for all eukaryotic cells. Nowhere is this more evident than during the remarkable transformation that occurs in spermiogenesis-the transformation of haploid round spermatids into sperm. These transformations are critically dependent upon both the microtubule and the actin cytoskeleton, and defects in these processes are thought to underpin a significant percentage of human male infertility. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review is aimed at summarising and synthesising the current state of knowledge around protein/vesicle transport during haploid male germ cell development and identifying knowledge gaps and challenges for future research. To achieve this, we summarise the key discoveries related to protein transport using the mouse as a model system. Where relevant, we anchored these insights to knowledge in the field of human spermiogenesis and the causality of human male infertility. SEARCH METHODS Relevant studies published in English were identified using PubMed using a range of search terms related to the core focus of the review-protein/vesicle transport, intra-flagellar transport, intra-manchette transport, Golgi, acrosome, manchette, axoneme, outer dense fibres and fibrous sheath. Searches were not restricted to a particular time frame or species although the emphasis within the review is on mammalian spermiogenesis. OUTCOMES Spermiogenesis is the final phase of sperm development. It results in the transformation of a round cell into a highly polarised sperm with the capacity for fertility. It is critically dependent on the cytoskeleton and its ability to transport protein complexes and vesicles over long distances and often between distinct cytoplasmic compartments. The development of the acrosome covering the sperm head, the sperm tail within the ciliary lobe, the manchette and its role in sperm head shaping and protein transport into the tail, and the assembly of mitochondria into the mid-piece of sperm, may all be viewed as a series of overlapping and interconnected train tracks. Defects in this redistribution network lead to male infertility characterised by abnormal sperm morphology (teratozoospermia) and/or abnormal sperm motility (asthenozoospermia) and are likely to be causal of, or contribute to, a significant percentage of human male infertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS A greater understanding of the mechanisms of protein transport in spermiogenesis offers the potential to precisely diagnose cases of male infertility and to forecast implications for children conceived using gametes containing these mutations. The manipulation of these processes will offer opportunities for male-based contraceptive development. Further, as increasingly evidenced in the literature, we believe that the continuous and spatiotemporally restrained nature of spermiogenesis provides an outstanding model system to identify, and de-code, cytoskeletal elements and transport mechanisms of relevance to multiple tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Pleuger
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia.,Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany.,Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Mari S Lehti
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | | | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany.,Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
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12
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Jiao SY, Yang YH, Chen SR. Molecular genetics of infertility: loss-of-function mutations in humans and corresponding knockout/mutated mice. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:154-189. [PMID: 33118031 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a major issue in human reproductive health, affecting an estimated 15% of couples worldwide. Infertility can result from disorders of sex development (DSD) or from reproductive endocrine disorders (REDs) with onset in infancy, early childhood or adolescence. Male infertility, accounting for roughly half of all infertility cases, generally manifests as decreased sperm count (azoospermia or oligozoospermia), attenuated sperm motility (asthenozoospermia) or a higher proportion of morphologically abnormal sperm (teratozoospermia). Female infertility can be divided into several classical types, including, but not limited to, oocyte maturation arrest, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), fertilization failure and early embryonic arrest. An estimated one half of infertility cases have a genetic component; however, most genetic causes of human infertility are currently uncharacterized. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has greatly facilitated the identification of infertility-associated gene mutations in patients over the past 20 years. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aims to conduct a narrative review of the genetic causes of human infertility. Loss-of-function mutation discoveries related to human infertility are summarized and further illustrated in tables. Corresponding knockout/mutated animal models of causative genes for infertility are also introduced. SEARCH METHODS A search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant studies published in English. The term 'mutation' was combined with a range of search terms related to the core focus of the review: infertility, DSD, REDs, azoospermia or oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF), primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), acephalic spermatozoa syndrome (ASS), globozoospermia, teratozoospermia, acrosome, oocyte maturation arrest, POI, zona pellucida, fertilization defects and early embryonic arrest. OUTCOMES Our search generated ∼2000 records. Overall, 350 articles were included in the final review. For genetic investigation of human infertility, the traditional candidate gene approach is proceeding slowly, whereas high-throughput sequencing technologies in larger cohorts of individuals is identifying an increasing number of causative genes linked to human infertility. This review provides a wide panel of gene mutations in several typical forms of human infertility, including DSD, REDs, male infertility (oligozoospermia, MMAF, PCD, ASS and globozoospermia) and female infertility (oocyte maturation arrest, POI, fertilization failure and early embryonic arrest). The causative genes, their identified mutations, mutation rate, studied population and their corresponding knockout/mutated mice of non-obstructive azoospermia, MMAF, ASS, globozoospermia, oocyte maturation arrest, POI, fertilization failure and early embryonic arrest are further illustrated by tables. In this review, we suggest that (i) our current knowledge of infertility is largely obtained from knockout mouse models; (ii) larger cohorts of clinical cases with distinct clinical characteristics need to be recruited in future studies; (iii) the whole picture of genetic causes of human infertility relies on both the identification of more mutations for distinct types of infertility and the integration of known mutation information; (iv) knockout/mutated animal models are needed to show whether the phenotypes of genetically altered animals are consistent with findings in human infertile patients carrying a deleterious mutation of the homologous gene; and (v) the molecular mechanisms underlying human infertility caused by pathogenic mutations are largely unclear in most current studies. WILDER IMPLICATIONS It is important to use our current understanding to identify avenues and priorities for future research in the field of genetic causes of infertility as well as to apply mutation knowledge to risk prediction, genetic diagnosis and potential treatment for human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ya Jiao
- Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Hong Yang
- Reproduction Medical Center of West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Su-Ren Chen
- Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
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13
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Han Y, Liang C, Yu Y, Manthari RK, Cheng C, Tan Y, Li X, Tian X, Fu W, Yang J, Yang W, Xing Y, Wang J, Zhang J. Chronic arsenic exposure lowered sperm motility via impairing ultra-microstructure and key proteins expressions of sperm acrosome and flagellum formation during spermiogenesis in male mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139233. [PMID: 32460071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) poisoning and its potential reproductive functional lesions are a global environmental concern. Recent studies shown that spermiogenesis tends to be a major target process in arsenic-induced male infertility, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully illuminated. In the present study, 32 fertility related indices including sperm motility, dynamic acrosome formation and sperm flagellum during spermiogenesis in testes were evaluated in adult male mice treated with 0, 0.2, 2, and 20 ppm As2O3 via drinking water for 180 consecutive days. The results showed that out of 32 indices, 11, 25, and 29 indicators were changed statistically by 0.2-, 2-, and 20- ppm As2O3 treatment compared to the controls (0 ppm As2O3), respectively, which reveals a significant dose-dependent relationship. For details, sperm motilities were significantly decreased by 18.85%, 32.47% and 29.53% in three As2O3 treatment groups compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the ultra-structures of acrosome formation and sperm flagellum in testes have been altered by chronic arsenic exposure. Furthermore, arsenic decreased the mRNA expressions of 11 out of 13 genes associated with acrosome biosynthesis and 11 out of 12 genes related to flagellum formation in testes, particularly, down-regulated DPY19L2, AKAP3, AKAP4, CFAP44 and SPAG16 were further confirmed at the protein levels by western blotting. Taken together, chronic arsenic exposure declines male fertility by disorganizing dynamic acrosome and flagellum formation in testes. Especially, DPY19L2, AKAP3, AKAP4, CFAP44, and SPAG16 maybe the potential targets in this process. These results may offer not only a new insight to the mechanism of arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity, but also provide a clue for the diagnosis and therapy of arseniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Chenkai Cheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Yanjia Tan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Weixiang Fu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Yin Xing
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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14
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Li YZ, Wu RF, Zhu XS, Liu WS, Ye YY, Lu ZX, Li N. Identification of a novel deletion mutation in DPY19L2 from an infertile patient with globozoospermia: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:24. [PMID: 32582379 PMCID: PMC7310204 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Male infertility is an increasing medical concern worldwide. In most cases, genetic factors are considered as the main cause of the disease. Globozoospermia (MIM102530) (also known as round-headed sperm) is a rare and severe malformed spermatospermia caused by acrosome deficiency or severe malformation. A subset of genetic mutations, such as DNAH6, SPATA16, DPY19L2, PICK1, and CCIN related to globozoospermia, have been reported in the past few years. The DPY19L2 mutation is commonly found in patients with globozoospermia. Herein, a 180-kbp homozygote deletion at 12q14.2 (g.63950001–64130000) was identified by copy number variation sequencing (CNVseq) in a patient with a globozoospermia, including the complete deletion of DPY19L2. Case presentation A 27-year-old patient at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University was diagnosed with infertility because, despite normal sexual activity for 4 years, his wife did not conceive. The patient was in good health with no obvious discomfort, no history of adverse chemical exposure, and no vices, such as smoking and drinking. The physical examination revealed normal genital development. However, semen tests showed a normal sperm count of 0% and the morphology was the round head. Sperm cytology showed that acrosomal enzyme was lower than normal. Reproductive hormones were in the normal range. B ultrasound did not show any abnormal seminal vesicle, prostate, bilateral testis, epididymis, and spermatic veins. The karyotype was normal, 46, XY, and no microdeletion of Y chromosome was detected. However, a homozygous deletion mutation was found in DPY19L2, which was further diagnosed as globozoospermia. Conclusions The present study reported a male infertility patient who was diagnosed with globozoospermia. The analysis of gene mutations revealed that DPY19L2 had a homozygous mutation, which was the primary cause of globozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Zhu Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 6 Guchengxi Road, Si Ming, Xiamen, 361003 China
| | - Rong-Feng Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 6 Guchengxi Road, Si Ming, Xiamen, 361003 China
| | - Xing-Shen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ye
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 6 Guchengxi Road, Si Ming, Xiamen, 361003 China
| | - Zhong-Xian Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
| | - Na Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, No.3777 Xianyue Road, Huli, Xiamen, 361009 China
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15
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Teves ME, Roldan ERS, Krapf D, Strauss III JF, Bhagat V, Sapao P. Sperm Differentiation: The Role of Trafficking of Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3702. [PMID: 32456358 PMCID: PMC7279445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm differentiation encompasses a complex sequence of morphological changes that takes place in the seminiferous epithelium. In this process, haploid round spermatids undergo substantial structural and functional alterations, resulting in highly polarized sperm. Hallmark changes during the differentiation process include the formation of new organelles, chromatin condensation and nuclear shaping, elimination of residual cytoplasm, and assembly of the sperm flagella. To achieve these transformations, spermatids have unique mechanisms for protein trafficking that operate in a coordinated fashion. Microtubules and filaments of actin are the main tracks used to facilitate the transport mechanisms, assisted by motor and non-motor proteins, for delivery of vesicular and non-vesicular cargos to specific sites. This review integrates recent findings regarding the role of protein trafficking in sperm differentiation. Although a complete characterization of the interactome of proteins involved in these temporal and spatial processes is not yet known, we propose a model based on the current literature as a framework for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Teves
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA;
| | - Eduardo R. S. Roldan
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Krapf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Jerome F. Strauss III
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA;
| | - Virali Bhagat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA;
| | - Paulene Sapao
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, 23298, USA;
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16
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Da Costa R, Bordessoules M, Guilleman M, Carmignac V, Lhussiez V, Courot H, Bataille A, Chlémaire A, Bruno C, Fauque P, Thauvin C, Faivre L, Duplomb L. Vps13b is required for acrosome biogenesis through functions in Golgi dynamic and membrane trafficking. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:511-529. [PMID: 31218450 PMCID: PMC11104845 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The sperm acrosome is a lysosome-related organelle that develops using membrane trafficking from the Golgi apparatus as well as the endolysosomal compartment. How vesicular trafficking is regulated in spermatids to form the acrosome remains to be elucidated. VPS13B, a RAB6-interactor, was recently shown involved in endomembrane trafficking. Here, we report the generation of the first Vps13b-knockout mouse model and show that male mutant mice are infertile due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. This phenotype was explained by a failure of Vps13b deficient spermatids to form an acrosome. In wild-type spermatids, immunostaining of Vps13b and Rab6 revealed that they transiently locate to the acrosomal inner membrane. Spermatids lacking Vps13b did not present with the Golgi structure that characterizes wild-type spermatids and showed abnormal targeting of PNA- and Rab6-positive Golgi-derived vesicles to Eea1- and Lamp2-positive structures. Altogether, our results uncover a function of Vps13b in the regulation of the vesicular transport between Golgi apparatus, acrosome, and endolysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Da Costa
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France.
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Morgane Bordessoules
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Magali Guilleman
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital François Mitterrand, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Génétique à Expression Cutanée MAGEC-Mosaique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Lhussiez
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Hortense Courot
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Amandine Bataille
- Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire CellImaP/DimaCell, Inserm LNC UMR1231, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Amandine Chlémaire
- Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire CellImaP/DimaCell, Inserm LNC UMR1231, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Bruno
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital François Mitterrand, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Fauque
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital François Mitterrand, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
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17
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Wang Z, Shi Y, Ma S, Huang Q, Yap YT, Shi L, Zhang S, Zhou T, Li W, Hu B, Zhang L, Krawetz SA, Pazour GJ, Hess RA, Zhang Z. Abnormal fertility, acrosome formation, IFT20 expression and localization in conditional Gmap210 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C174-C190. [PMID: 31577511 PMCID: PMC6985835 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00517.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
GMAP210 (TRIP11) is a cis-Golgi network-associated protein and a Golgi membrane receptor for IFT20, an intraflagellar transport component essential for male fertility and spermiogenesis in mice. To investigate the role of GMAP210 in male fertility and spermatogenesis, floxed Gmap210 mice were bred with Stra8-iCre mice so that the Gmap210 gene is disrupted in spermatocytes and spermatids in this study. The Gmap210flox/flox: Stra8-iCre mutant mice showed no gross abnormalities and survived to adulthood. In adult males, testis and body weights showed no difference between controls and mutant mice. Low-magnification histological examination of the testes revealed normal seminiferous tubule structure, but sperm counts and fertility were significantly reduced in mutant mice compared with controls. Higher resolution examination of the mutant seminiferous epithelium showed that nearly all sperm had more oblong, abnormally shaped heads, while the sperm tails appeared to have normal morphology. Electron microscopy also revealed abnormally shaped sperm heads but normal axoneme core structure; some sperm showed membrane defects in the midpiece. In mutant mice, expression levels of IFT20 and other selective acrosomal proteins were significantly reduced, and their localization was also affected. Peanut-lectin, an acrosome maker, was almost absent in the spermatids and epididymal sperm. Mitochondrion staining was highly concentrated in the heads of sperm, suggesting that the midpieces were coiling around or aggregating near the heads. Defects in acrosome biogenesis were further confirmed by electron microscopy. Collectively, our findings suggest that GMAP210 is essential for acrosome biogenesis, normal mitochondrial sheath formation, and male fertility, and it determines expression levels and acrosomal localization of IFT20 and other acrosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yuqin Shi
- School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suheng Ma
- School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Qian Huang
- School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yi Tian Yap
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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18
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Retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα)-deficient mice display morphological testicular defects. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1835-1849. [PMID: 31409890 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of retinoid-related orphan receptor, one of the transcription factors reported in testis, in testicular function is unclear, so this study was performed to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative changes in the testicular structure of RORα-deficient mice using light-, electron-microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Among the most striking alterations observed in the testis of the mutant mice were hypospermatogenesis, marked reduction in volume proportions of interstitial tissues and number of Leydig cells, significant decrease in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and height of their epithelium, vacuolation in the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules with occurrence of mast cells, appearance of delay spermiation signs, and changes in sperm morphology. Moreover, the testis of mutant mice showed symplasts, in addition to appearance of multinucleated giant bromophenol-positive cells. ATPase activity was limited to spermatogonia and some primary spermatocytes, with higher alkaline phosphatase expression. Stronger vimentin reaction was immunolocalized to spermatogonia, spermatids, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells. The expression of CD117 (C-kit, stem cell growth factor receptor) was limited to spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and Leydig cells. Seminiferous tubules showed overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Transmission electron microscopy examination of the mutant mice revealed abnormal Sertoli cells, hypertrophied spermatogonia, spermatocytes with degenerated mitochondria, and incompletely developed sperms. In conclusion, RORα is one of the essential proteins that regulate testicular structure.
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19
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Khawar MB, Gao H, Li W. Mechanism of Acrosome Biogenesis in Mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:195. [PMID: 31620437 PMCID: PMC6759486 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During sexual reproduction, two haploid gametes fuse to form the zygote, and the acrosome is essential to this fusion process (fertilization) in animals. The acrosome is a special kind of organelle with a cap-like structure that covers the anterior portion of the head of the spermatozoon. The acrosome is derived from the Golgi apparatus and contains digestive enzymes. With the progress of our understanding of acrosome biogenesis, a number of models have been proposed to address the origin of the acrosome. The acrosome has been regarded as a lysosome-related organelle, and it has been proposed to have originated from the lysosome or the autolysosome. Our review will provide a brief historical overview and highlight recent findings on acrosome biogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Genetic Factors Affecting Sperm Chromatin Structure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1166:1-28. [PMID: 31301043 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21664-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spermatozoa genome has unique features that make it a fascinating field of investigation: first, because, with oocyte genome, it can be transmitted generation after generation; second, because of genetic shuffling during meiosis, each spermatozoon is virtually unique in terms of genetic content, with consequences for species evolution; and finally, because its chromatin organization is very different from that of somatic cells or oocytes, as it is not based on nucleosomes but on nucleoprotamines which confer a higher order of packaging. Histone-to-protamine transition involves many actors, such as regulators of spermatid gene expression, components of the nuclear envelop, histone-modifying enzymes and readers, chaperones, histone variants, transition proteins, protamines, and certainly many more to be discovered.In this book chapter, we will present what is currently known about sperm chromatin structure and how it is established during spermiogenesis, with the aim to list the genetic factors that regulate its organization.
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21
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Zhang P, Jiang W, Luo N, Zhu W, Fan L. IQ motif containing D (IQCD), a new acrosomal protein involved in the acrosome reaction and fertilisation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:898-914. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The acrosome is single, large, dense-core secretory granule overlying the nucleus of most mammalian spermatozoa. Its exocytosis, the acrosome reaction, is a crucial event during fertilisation. In this study we identified a new acrosome-associated gene, namely IQ motif containing D (IQCD), expressed nearly in multiple tissues with highest expression levels in the testis. In mouse testis, Iqcd transcript accumulated from Postnatal Day (PND) 1 to adulthood. However, expression of IQCD protein at the testicular development stage started primarily from PND 18 and increased in an age-dependent manner until plateauing in adulthood. IQCD was primarily accumulated in the acrosome area of round and elongating spermatids within seminiferous tubules of the testes during the late stage of spermiogenesis; this immunolocalisation pattern is similar in mice and humans. IQCD levels in spermatozoa were significantly lower in IVF patients with total fertilisation failure or a low fertilisation rate than in healthy men. Anti-IQCD antibody significantly inhibited the acrosome reaction and slightly reduced protein tyrosine phosphorylation levels in human spermatozoa, but specifically blocked murine IVF. IQCD interacted with mammalian homolog of C. elegans uncoordinated gene 13 (Munc13) in spermatozoa and may participate in acrosome exocytosis. In conclusion, this study identified a new acrosomal protein, namely IQCD, which is involved in fertilisation and the acrosome reaction.
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22
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Lin Z, Tong MH. m 6A mRNA modification regulates mammalian spermatogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1862:403-411. [PMID: 30391644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a highly specialized differentiation process involving precise regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels. Emerging evidence has shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an epitranscriptomic regulator of gene expression, can influence pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, turnover, and translation, which are controlled in the male germline to ensure coordinated gene expression. In this review, we summarize the typical features of m6A RNA modification on mRNA during male germline development, and highlight the function of writers, erasers, and readers of m6A during mouse spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming-Han Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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23
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Modarres P, Tavalaee M, Ghaedi K, Nasr-Esfahani MH. An Overview of The Globozoospermia as A Multigenic Identified Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2018; 12:273-277. [PMID: 30291685 PMCID: PMC6186287 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2019.5561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Acrosome plays an integral role during fertilization and its absence in individuals with globozoospermia leads to
failure of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and oocyte activation post-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). A variety
of processes, organelles and structures are involved in acrosome biogenesis including, trans-golgi network (TGN),
acroplaxome and cellular trafficking. This review aims to explain roles of related signals and molecules involved in
this process and also describe how their absence in form of mutation, deletion and knockout model may lead to phe-
nomenon referred to globozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Modarres
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.Electronic Address:
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.Electronic Address:.,Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
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24
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Guidi LG, Holloway ZG, Arnoult C, Ray PF, Monaco AP, Molnár Z, Velayos-Baeza A. AU040320 deficiency leads to disruption of acrosome biogenesis and infertility in homozygous mutant mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10379. [PMID: 29991750 PMCID: PMC6039479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of knockout (KO) mice has helped understand the link between many genes/proteins and human diseases. Identification of infertile KO mice provides valuable tools to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying gamete formation. The KIAA0319L gene has been described to have a putative association with dyslexia; surprisingly, we observed that homozygous KO males for AU040320, KIAA0319L ortholog, are infertile and present a globozoospermia-like phenotype. Mutant spermatozoa are mostly immotile and display a malformed roundish head with no acrosome. In round spermatids, proacrosomal vesicles accumulate close to the acroplaxome but fail to coalesce into a single acrosomal vesicle. In wild-type mice AU040320 localises to the trans-Golgi-Network of germ cells but cannot be detected in mature acrosomes. Our results suggest AU040320 may be necessary for the normal formation of proacrosomal vesicles or the recruitment of cargo proteins required for downstream events leading to acrosomal fusion. Mutations in KIAA0319L could lead to human infertility; we screened for KIAA0319L mutations in a selected cohort of globozoospermia patients in which no genetic abnormalities have been previously identified, but detected no pathogenic changes in this particular cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G Guidi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Zoe G Holloway
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- UM GI-DPI, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Anthony P Monaco
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Office of the President, Ballou Hall, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Antonio Velayos-Baeza
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
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25
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Wei YL, Yang WX. The acroframosome-acroplaxome-manchette axis may function in sperm head shaping and male fertility. Gene 2018; 660:28-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Dynamic of VE-cadherin-mediated spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:173-185. [PMID: 29797291 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spermatids are haploid differentiating cells that, in the meantime they differentiate, translocate along the seminiferous epithelium towards the tubule lumen to be just released as spermatozoa. The success of such a migration depends on dynamic of spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts, the molecular nature of which has not been well defined yet. It was demonstrated that the vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) is expressed transitorily in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Here, we evaluated the pattern of VEC expression by immunohistochemistry first in seminiferous tubules at different stages of the epithelial cycle when only unique types of germ cell associations are present. Changes in the pattern of VEC localization according to the step of spermatid differentiation were analysed in detail using testis fragments and spontaneously released germ cells. Utilizing the first wave of spermatogenesis as an in vivo model to have at disposal spermatids at progressive steps of differentiation, we checked for level of looser VEC association with the membrane by performing protein solubilisation under mild detergent conditions and assays through VEC-immunoblotting. Being changes in VEC solubilisation paralleled in changes in phosphotyrosine (pY) content, we evaluated if spermatid VEC undergoes Y658 phosphorylation and if this correlates with VEC solubilisation and spermatid progression in differentiation. Altogether, our study shows a temporally restricted pattern of VEC expression that culminates with the presence of round spermatids to progressively decrease starting from spermatid elongation. Conversely, pY658-VEC signs elongating spermatids; its intracellular polarized compartmentalization suggests a possible involvement of pY658-VEC in the acquisition of spermatid cell polarity.
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27
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Fujihara Y, Oji A, Larasati T, Kojima-Kita K, Ikawa M. Human Globozoospermia-Related Gene Spata16 Is Required for Sperm Formation Revealed by CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102208. [PMID: 29065458 PMCID: PMC5666888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent genetic analysis of infertile globozoospermic patients identified causative mutations in three genes: a protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1), dpy 19-like 2 (DPY19L2), and spermatogenesis associated 16 (SPATA16). Although mouse models have clarified the physiological functions of Pick1 and Dpy19l2 during spermatogenesis, Spata16 remains to be determined. Globozoospermic patients carried a homozygous point mutation in SPATA16 at 848G→A/R283Q. We generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutant mice with the same amino acid substitution in the fourth exon of Spata16 to analyze the mutation site at R284Q, which corresponded with R283Q of mutated human SPATA16. We found that the point mutation in Spata16 was not essential for male fertility; however, deletion of the fourth exon of Spata16 resulted in infertile male mice due to spermiogenic arrest but not globozoospermia. This study demonstrates that Spata16 is indispensable for male fertility in mice, as well as in humans, as revealed by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Asami Oji
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Tamara Larasati
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kanako Kojima-Kita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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28
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Roozbahani GA, Sheidai M, Noormohammadi Z, Gourabi H. Association study of SPATA - 16 polymorphism with male infertility in Iranian population. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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29
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Li L, Sha Y, Wang X, Li P, Wang J, Kee K, Wang B. Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous BRDT mutation in a patient with acephalic spermatozoa. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19914-19922. [PMID: 28199965 PMCID: PMC5386733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acephalic spermatozoa is a very rare disorder of male infertility. Here, in a patient from from a consanguineous family, we have identified, by whole-exome sequencing, a homozygous mutation (c.G2783A, p.G928D) in the BRDT gene. The gene product, BRDT, is a testis-specific protein that is considered an important drug target for male contraception. The G928D mutation is in the P-TEFb binding domain, which mediates the interaction with transcription elongation factor and might affect the transcriptional activities of downstream genes. By RNA-sequencing analysis of cells expressing the BRDT mutation, we found the p.G928D mutation protein causes mis-regulation of 899 genes compared with BRDT wild-type cells. Furthermore, by Gene Ontology analysis, the upregulated genes in p.G928D cells were enriched in the processes of intracellular transport, RNA splicing, cell cycle and DNA metabolic process, revealing the underlying mechanism of the pathology that leads to acephalic spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanwei Sha
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Kehkooi Kee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China
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30
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Gioria M, Pasini ME, Berruti G. Dynamic of contribution of UBPy-sorted cargo to acrosome biogenesis: effects of its derailment in a mouse model of globozoospermia, the infertile Vps54 (L967Q) mutant. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:413-427. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Globozoospermia and lack of acrosome formation in GM130-deficient mice. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2532. [PMID: 28055014 PMCID: PMC5386352 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Globozoospermia is a common reproductive disorder that causes male infertility in humans, and the malformation or loss of acrosomes is the prominent feature of this disease. Although the acrosome is thought to be derived from the Golgi apparatus, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. GM130 is a cis-side localized Golgi matrix protein,whereas the physiological functions of this protein remain elusive. Here we showed that inactivation of GM130-caused male infertility in mouse model. The primary defects were the absence of acrosomes, round sperm heads, and aberrant assembly of the mitochondrial sheath, which comprise the characteristic features of human globozoospermia. Further investigation indicated that loss of GM130 did not affect the secretion of pro-acrosomic vesicles, whereas the vesicles failed to fuse into a single large acrosome vesicle. Co-localization of the adaptor protein complex AP1 and trans-Golgi network (TGN) protein TGN46 was disrupted, suggesting that the malformation of acrosomes is most likely due to the defect in the sorting and coating of Golgi-derived pro-acrosomic vesicles. Thus, the GM130-deficient mouse provides a valuable model for investigating the etiology of human globozoospermia.
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32
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Liu C, Song Z, Wang L, Yu H, Liu W, Shang Y, Xu Z, Zhao H, Gao F, Wen J, Zhao L, Gui Y, Jiao J, Gao F, Li W. Sirt1 regulates acrosome biogenesis by modulating autophagic flux during spermiogenesis in mice. Development 2016; 144:441-451. [PMID: 28003215 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sirt1 is a member of the sirtuin family of proteins and has important roles in numerous biological processes. Sirt1-/- mice display an increased frequency of abnormal spermatozoa, but the mechanism of Sirt1 in spermiogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Sirt1 might be directly involved in spermiogenesis in germ cells but not in steroidogenic cells. Germ cell-specific Sirt1 knockout mice were almost completely infertile; the early mitotic and meiotic progression of germ cells in spermatogenesis were not obviously affected after Sirt1 depletion, but subsequent spermiogenesis was disrupted by a defect in acrosome biogenesis, which resulted in a phenotype similar to that observed in human globozoospermia. In addition, LC3 and Atg7 deacetylation was disrupted in spermatids after knocking out Sirt1, which affected the redistribution of LC3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the activation of autophagy. Furthermore, Sirt1 depletion resulted in the failure of LC3 to be recruited to Golgi apparatus-derived vesicles and in the failure of GOPC and PICK1 to be recruited to nucleus-associated acrosomal vesicles. Taken together, these findings reveal that Sirt1 has a novel physiological function in acrosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Linan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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33
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The control of male fertility by spermatid-specific factors: searching for contraceptive targets from spermatozoon's head to tail. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2472. [PMID: 27831554 PMCID: PMC5260884 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility due to abnormal spermatozoa has been reported in both animals and humans, but its pathogenic causes, including genetic abnormalities, remain largely unknown. On the other hand, contraceptive options for men are limited, and a specific, reversible and safe method of male contraception has been a long-standing quest in medicine. Some progress has recently been made in exploring the effects of spermatid-specifical genetic factors in controlling male fertility. A comprehensive search of PubMed for articles and reviews published in English before July 2016 was carried out using the search terms 'spermiogenesis failure', 'globozoospermia', 'spermatid-specific', 'acrosome', 'infertile', 'manchette', 'sperm connecting piece', 'sperm annulus', 'sperm ADAMs', 'flagellar abnormalities', 'sperm motility loss', 'sperm ion exchanger' and 'contraceptive targets'. Importantly, we have opted to focus on articles regarding spermatid-specific factors. Genetic studies to define the structure and physiology of sperm have shown that spermatozoa appear to be one of the most promising contraceptive targets. Here we summarize how these spermatid-specific factors regulate spermiogenesis and categorize them according to their localization and function from spermatid head to tail (e.g., acrosome, manchette, head-tail conjunction, annulus, principal piece of tail). In addition, we emphatically introduce small-molecule contraceptives, such as BRDT and PPP3CC/PPP3R2, which are currently being developed to target spermatogenic-specific proteins. We suggest that blocking the differentiation of haploid germ cells, which rarely affects early spermatogenic cell types and the testicular microenvironment, is a better choice than spermatogenic-specific proteins. The studies described here provide valuable information regarding the genetic and molecular defects causing male mouse infertility to improve our understanding of the importance of spermatid-specific factors in controlling fertility. Although a male contraceptive 'pill' is still many years away, research into the production of new small-molecule contraceptives targeting spermatid-specific proteins is the right avenue.
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34
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Berruti G. Towards defining an ‘origin’—The case for the mammalian acrosome. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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35
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Decreased Expression of KIFC1 in Human Testes with Globozoospermic Defects. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7100075. [PMID: 27690105 PMCID: PMC5083914 DOI: 10.3390/genes7100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Globozoospermia is a rare (prevalence of <0.1%) but severe male infertility condition. In our previous study, we found that robust KIFC1 immunostaining was detected in the human elongating/elongated spermatids during human acrosomogenesis. However, the relationship between the decreased expression of KIFC1 and human globozoospermia remains largely unknown. Testicular biopsies of 30 globozoospermia and 30 obstructive azoospermia patients who underwent infertility evaluation and treatment were utilized in this study. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blots, immunohistochemistry, an in vivo model, and intratesticular injection of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) against the Kifc1 gene were employed, and sperm abnormalities were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunocytochemistry. We revealed that the testicular level of KIFC1 mRNA in globozoospermia was significantly reduced compared with that in obstructive azoospermia, and the KIFC1 protein was barely detectable in testicular specimens in 30% (9 of 30) of patients with globozoospermia. Furthermore, knockdown of the Kifc1 gene in mice increased the percentage of sperm with globozoospermic defects (26.5%). Decreased KIFC1 expression was mainly observed in the testes of patients with globozoospermia at the spermatid stage, which may be useful for counseling and management of such patients.
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Fári K, Takács S, Ungár D, Sinka R. The role of acroblast formation during Drosophila spermatogenesis. Biol Open 2016; 5:1102-10. [PMID: 27481842 PMCID: PMC5004609 DOI: 10.1242/bio.018275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein recycling is important for maintaining homeostasis of the Golgi and its cisternae. The Vps54 (Scat) protein, a subunit of the GARP tethering complex, is a central factor in retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi. We found the scat1 mutant to be male sterile in Drosophila with individualization problems occurring during spermatogenesis. Another typically observed phenotype was the abnormal nuclear structure in elongated mutant cysts. When examining the structure and function of the Golgi, a failure in acrosome formation and endosome-Golgi vesicular transport were found in the scat1 mutant. This acrosome formation defect was due to a fault in the trans-Golgi side of the acroblast ribbon. When testing a mutation in a second retrograde transport protein, Fws, a subunit of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) tethering complex, the acroblast structure, was again disrupted. fwsP caused a similar, albeit milder, acrosome and sperm individualization phenotype as the scat1 mutant. In the case of fwsP the cis side of the acroblast ribbon was dispersed, in-line with the intra-Golgi retrograde function of COG. Our results highlight the importance of an intact acroblast for acrosome formation, nuclear elongation and therefore sperm maturation. Moreover, these results suggest the importance of retrograde tethering complexes in the formation of a functional Golgi ribbon. Summary: This study demonstrates that retrograde tethering complexes are necessary to form a functional acroblast, which is essential for normal nuclear elongation and acrosome formation during Drosophila spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Fári
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Sándor Takács
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Dániel Ungár
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rita Sinka
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
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Biogenesis of sperm acrosome is regulated by pre-mRNA alternative splicing of Acrbp in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3696-705. [PMID: 27303034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522333113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper biogenesis of a sperm-specific organelle, the acrosome, is essential for gamete interaction. An acrosomal matrix protein, ACRBP, is known as a proacrosin-binding protein. In mice, two forms of ACRBP, wild-type ACRBP-W and variant ACRBP-V5, are generated by pre-mRNA alternative splicing of Acrbp Here, we demonstrate the functional roles of these two ACRBP proteins. ACRBP-null male mice lacking both proteins showed a severely reduced fertility, because of malformation of the acrosome. Notably, ACRBP-null spermatids failed to form a large acrosomal granule, leading to the fragmented structure of the acrosome. The acrosome malformation was rescued by transgenic expression of ACRBP-V5 in ACRBP-null spermatids. Moreover, exogenously expressed ACRBP-W blocked autoactivation of proacrosin in the acrosome. Thus, ACRBP-V5 functions in the formation and configuration of the acrosomal granule during early spermiogenesis. The major function of ACRBP-W is to retain the inactive status of proacrosin in the acrosome until acrosomal exocytosis.
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Modarres P, Tanhaei S, Tavalaee M, Ghaedi K, Deemeh MR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Assessment of DPY19L2 Deletion in Familial and Non-Familial Individuals with Globozoospermia and DPY19L2 Genotyping. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2016; 10:196-207. [PMID: 27441053 PMCID: PMC4948072 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Globozoospermia is a rare syndrome with an incidence of less than 0.1%
among infertile men. Researchers have recently identified a large deletion, about 200 kbp,
encompassing the whole length of DPY19L2 or mutations in SPATA16 and PICK1 genes
associated with globozoospermia. The aim of this study was to analyze the DPY19L2
gene deletion using polymerase chain reaction technique for the exons 1, 48, 11 and 22
as well as break point (BP) “a” in globozoospermic men. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, genome samples were collected
from 27 men with globozoospermia (cases) and 36 fertile individuals (controls), and
genomic analysis was carried out on each sample. Results Deletion of DPY19L2 gene accounted for 74% of individuals with globozoospermia. DPY19L2 gene deletion was considered as the molecular pathogenic factor for the onset
of globozoospermia in infertile men. By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
(qPCR), we genotyped DPY19L2 deletion and identified carriers within the population. Conclusion This technique may be considered as a method for family counseling and
has the potential to be used as a pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, especially in ethnic
community with high rate of consanguineous marriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Modarres
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Tanhaei
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Deemeh
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
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Suresh B, Lee J, Hong SH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. The role of deubiquitinating enzymes in spermatogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4711-20. [PMID: 26350476 PMCID: PMC11113867 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process through which spermatogonial stem cells undergo mitosis, meiosis, and cell differentiation to generate mature spermatozoa. During this process, male germ cells experience several translational modifications. One of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotes is the ubiquitination of proteins, which targets proteins for degradation; this enables control of the expression of enzymes and structural proteins during spermatogenesis. It has become apparent that ubiquitination plays a key role in regulating every stage of spermatogenesis starting from gonocytes to differentiated spermatids. It is understood that, where there is ubiquitination, deubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) also exists to counterbalance the ubiquitination process in a reversible manner. Normal spermatogenesis is dependent on the balanced actions of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. This review highlights the current knowledge of the role of DUBs and their essential regulatory contribution to spermatogenesis, especially during progression into meiotic phase, acrosome biogenesis, quality sperm production, and apoptosis of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Suresh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junwon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Davis BW, Seabury CM, Brashear WA, Li G, Roelke-Parker M, Murphy WJ. Mechanisms Underlying Mammalian Hybrid Sterility in Two Feline Interspecies Models. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2534-46. [PMID: 26006188 PMCID: PMC4592343 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of male sterility in interspecies hybrids has been observed for over a century, however, few genes influencing this recurrent phenotype have been identified. Genetic investigations have been primarily limited to a small number of model organisms, thus limiting our understanding of the underlying molecular basis of this well-documented "rule of speciation." We utilized two interspecies hybrid cat breeds in a genome-wide association study employing the Illumina 63 K single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Collectively, we identified eight autosomal genes/gene regions underlying associations with hybrid male sterility (HMS) involved in the function of the blood-testis barrier, gamete structural development, and transcriptional regulation. We also identified several candidate hybrid sterility regions on the X chromosome, with most residing in close proximity to complex duplicated regions. Differential gene expression analyses revealed significant chromosome-wide upregulation of X chromosome transcripts in testes of sterile hybrids, which were enriched for genes involved in chromatin regulation of gene expression. Our expression results parallel those reported in Mus hybrids, supporting the "Large X-Effect" in mammalian HMS and the potential epigenetic basis for this phenomenon. These results support the value of the interspecies feline model as a powerful tool for comparison to rodent models of HMS, demonstrating unique aspects and potential commonalities that underpin mammalian reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Davis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University
| | - Christopher M Seabury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University
| | - Wesley A Brashear
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University
| | - Gang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University
| | - Melody Roelke-Parker
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - William J Murphy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University
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Berruti G, Paiardi C. USP8/UBPy-regulated sorting and the development of sperm acrosome: the recruitment of MET. Reproduction 2015; 149:633-44. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The acrosome is a peculiar vacuole that at fertilization undergoes the acrosome reaction (AR), an event unique in the sperm life. Contents released promote sperm penetration through oocyte's investments; membranous components are involved in sperm–egg interaction/fusion. Therefore, both constituents play a role in fertilization. The biogenesis of this vacuole, however, has not been clarified yet; recently, it has been proposed as a novel lysosome-related organelle (LRO). Our research focuses on the involvement of the endosomal pathway in acrosomogenesis starting from the early phases. The trafficking sorted by USP8/UBPy, an endosomal regulator recently described as a compelling candidate for male fertility gene, was investigated in comparison to that of SP56, a marker of the biosynthetic pathway. Mouse spermatids were double/triple immunolabeled and examined by confocal microscopy. The contribution of the vesicular traffic assisted by the cortical microtubule array was also evaluated in nocodazole-treated spermatids. USP8/UBPy-sorted cargo contributes early to acrosomogenesis and its trafficking is microtubule mediated. It was identified, through co-immunoprecipitation/co-immunolocalization assays, that the membrane receptor MET, described herein for the first time in spermatids, as an USP8/UBPy-target substrate is delivered to the acrosome. MET and USP8/UBPy still colocalize in epididymal spermatozoa. Following the AR, MET and USP8/UBPy show a distinct fate. MET, in particular, translocates at the PAS, the post acrosomal segment known to harbor sperm-borne factors involved in oocyte activation. Overall, our results support the concept of the acrosome as a LRO and provide evidence for the identification of MET as a tyrosine kinase receptor that may play a role in fertilization.
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Coutton C, Escoffier J, Martinez G, Arnoult C, Ray PF. Teratozoospermia: spotlight on the main genetic actors in the human. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:455-85. [PMID: 25888788 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male infertility affects >20 million men worldwide and represents a major health concern. Although multifactorial, male infertility has a strong genetic basis which has so far not been extensively studied. Recent studies of consanguineous families and of small cohorts of phenotypically homogeneous patients have however allowed the identification of a number of autosomal recessive causes of teratozoospermia. Homozygous mutations of aurora kinase C (AURKC) were first described to be responsible for most cases of macrozoospermia. Other genes defects have later been identified in spermatogenesis associated 16 (SPATA16) and dpy-19-like 2 (DPY19L2) in patients with globozoospermia and more recently in dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 1 (DNAH1) in a heterogeneous group of patients presenting with flagellar abnormalities previously described as dysplasia of the fibrous sheath or short/stump tail syndromes, which we propose to call multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). METHODS A comprehensive review of the scientific literature available in PubMed/Medline was conducted for studies on human genetics, experimental models and physiopathology related to teratozoospermia in particular globozoospermia, large headed spermatozoa and flagellar abnormalities. The search included all articles with an English abstract available online before September 2014. RESULTS Molecular studies of numerous unrelated patients with globozoospermia and large-headed spermatozoa confirmed that mutations in DPY19L2 and AURKC are mainly responsible for their respective pathological phenotype. In globozoospermia, the deletion of the totality of the DPY19L2 gene represents ∼ 81% of the pathological alleles but point mutations affecting the protein function have also been described. In macrozoospermia only two recurrent mutations were identified in AURKC, accounting for almost all the pathological alleles, raising the possibility of a putative positive selection of heterozygous individuals. The recent identification of DNAH1 mutations in a proportion of patients with MMAF is promising but emphasizes that this phenotype is genetically heterogeneous. Moreover, the identification of mutations in a dynein strengthens the emerging point of view that MMAF may be a phenotypic variation of the classical forms of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Based on data from human and animal models, the MMAF phenotype seems to be favored by defects directly or indirectly affecting the central pair of axonemal microtubules of the sperm flagella. CONCLUSIONS The studies described here provide valuable information regarding the genetic and molecular defects causing infertility, to improve our understanding of the physiopathology of teratozoospermia while giving a detailed characterization of specific features of spermatogenesis. Furthermore, these findings have a significant influence on the diagnostic strategy for teratozoospermic patients allowing the clinician to provide the patient with informed genetic counseling, to adopt the best course of treatment and to develop personalized medicine directly targeting the defective gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Coutton
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France Equipe 'Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility' Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, F-38706, France CHU de Grenoble, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Jessica Escoffier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France Equipe 'Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility' Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, F-38706, France Departments of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Martinez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France Equipe 'Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility' Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, F-38706, France
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France Equipe 'Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility' Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, F-38706, France
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France Equipe 'Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility' Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, F-38706, France CHU de Grenoble, UF de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Grenoble, F-38000, France
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Raju D, Schonauer S, Hamzeh H, Flynn KC, Bradke F, vom Dorp K, Dörmann P, Yildiz Y, Trötschel C, Poetsch A, Breiden B, Sandhoff K, Körschen HG, Wachten D. Accumulation of glucosylceramide in the absence of the beta-glucosidase GBA2 alters cytoskeletal dynamics. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005063. [PMID: 25803043 PMCID: PMC4372435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are key elements of cellular membranes, thereby, controlling a variety of cellular functions. Accumulation of the simple glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide results in life-threatening lipid storage-diseases or in male infertility. How glucosylceramide regulates cellular processes is ill defined. Here, we reveal that glucosylceramide accumulation in GBA2 knockout-mice alters cytoskeletal dynamics due to a more ordered lipid organization in the plasma membrane. In dermal fibroblasts, accumulation of glucosylceramide augments actin polymerization and promotes microtubules persistence, resulting in a higher number of filopodia and lamellipodia and longer microtubules. Similar cytoskeletal defects were observed in male germ and Sertoli cells from GBA2 knockout-mice. In particular, the organization of F-actin structures in the ectoplasmic specialization and microtubules in the sperm manchette is affected. Thus, glucosylceramide regulates cytoskeletal dynamics, providing mechanistic insights into how glucosylceramide controls signaling pathways not only during sperm development, but also in other cell types. During mammalian spermatogenesis, sperm with a head and a tail are formed from a round cell. This process is tightly regulated and involves the close interaction of somatic Sertoli cells and germ cells. Accumulation of the glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide in the absence of the beta-glucosidase GBA2 has been proposed to disturb sperm development, leading to morphological defects. However, the underlying mechanism is not known. Here, we demonstrate that accumulation of glucosylceramide in GBA2 knockout-mice controls the dynamics of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, which are crucial for sperm development. In particular, cytoskeletal structures at the interface between Sertoli and germ cells are disorganized, leading to malformation of the sperm head and a defect in acrosome formation. In summary, we provide mechanistic insights into how glucosylceramide controls cellular signaling and dysregulation of this essential glycosphingolipid leads to male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Raju
- Minerva Research Group—Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Schonauer
- Minerva Research Group—Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hussein Hamzeh
- Minerva Research Group—Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin C. Flynn
- Axon Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE e.V.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axon Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE e.V.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina vom Dorp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yildiz Yildiz
- Innere Medizin am Landeskrankenhaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
| | | | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernadette Breiden
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES) c/o Kekulé-Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES) c/o Kekulé-Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz G. Körschen
- Department of Molecular Sensory Systems, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Minerva Research Group—Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Da Ros M, Hirvonen N, Olotu O, Toppari J, Kotaja N. Retromer vesicles interact with RNA granules in haploid male germ cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 401:73-83. [PMID: 25486514 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Spermatozoa are produced during spermatogenesis as a result of mitotic proliferation, meiosis and cellular differentiation. Postmeiotic spermatids are exceptional cells given their haploid genome and remarkable sperm-specific structural transformations to compact and reshape the nucleus and to construct the flagellum and acrosome. These processes require delicate coordination and active communication between distinct cellular compartments. In this study, we elucidated the interplay between the haploid RNA regulation and the vesicular transport system. We identified a novel interaction between VPS26A/VPS35-containing retromer vesicles and the chromatoid body (CB), which is a large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granule unique to haploid male germ cells. VPS26A/VPS35-positive vesicles were shown to be involved in the endosomal pathway, as well as in acrosomal formation that is dependent on the Golgi complex-derived vesicular trafficking. While the exact role of the retromer vesicles in the CB function remains unclear, our results suggest a direct functional link between vesicle transport and CB-mediated RNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Da Ros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Noora Hirvonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Opeyemi Olotu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Noora Kotaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland.
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He J, Xia M, Tsang WH, Chow KL, Xia J. ICA1L forms BAR-domain complexes with PICK1 and is critical for acrosome formation in spermiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3822-36. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the Pick1 gene cause globozoospermia, a male infertility disorder in both mice and human. PICK1 is critical for vesicle trafficking and its deficiency in sperm cells leads to abnormal vesicle trafficking from the Golgi to acrosome. This eventually disrupts acrosome formation and leads to male infertility. We identified a novel BAR-domain binding partner of PICK1: ICA1L, which has sequence similarities to ICA69. ICA1L is expressed in testes and brain, and is the major binding partner for PICK1 in testes. ICA1L and PICK1 are highly expressed in spermatids and trafficked together at different stages of spermiogenesis. ICA1L knockout mice were generated by CRISPR-Cas technology. PICK1 expression was reduced by 80% in the testes of male mice lacking ICA1L. Sperms from ICA1L knockout mice had abnormalities in acrosome, nucleus and mitochondrial sheath formation. Both total and mobile sperms were reduced in number and about half of the remaining sperms had characteristics of globozoospermia. These defects ultimately resulted in reduced fertility of male ICA1L knockout mice and the fertility of male mice was completely eliminated in ICA69/ICA1L double knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengying Xia
- Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Hung Tsang
- Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - King Lau Chow
- Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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de Boer P, de Vries M, Ramos L. A mutation study of sperm head shape and motility in the mouse: lessons for the clinic. Andrology 2014; 3:174-202. [PMID: 25511638 DOI: 10.1111/andr.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mouse mutants that show effects on sperm head shape, the sperm tail (flagellum), and motility were analysed in a systematic way. This was achieved by grouping mutations in the following classes: manchette, acrosome, Sertoli cell contact, chromatin remodelling, and mutations involved in complex regulations such as protein (de)phosphorylation and RNA stability, and flagellum/motility mutations. For all mutant phenotypes, flagellum function (motility) was affected. Head shape, including the nucleus, was also affected in spermatozoa of most mouse models, though with considerable variation. For the mutants that were categorized in the flagellum/motility group, generally normal head shapes were found, even when the flagellum did not develop or only poorly so. Most mutants are sterile, an occasional one semi-sterile. For completeness, the influence of the sex chromosomes on sperm phenotype is included. Functionally, the genes involved can be categorized as regulators of spermiogenesis. When extrapolating these data to human sperm samples, in vivo selection for motility would be the tool for weeding out the products of suboptimal spermiogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation. The striking dependency of motility on proper sperm head development is not easy to understand, but likely is of evolutionary benefit. Also, sperm competition after mating can never act against the long-term multi-generation interest of genetic integrity. Hence, it is plausible to suggest that short-term haplophase fitness i.e., motility, is developmentally integrated with proper nucleus maturation, including genetic integrity to protect multi-generation fitness. We hypothesize that, when the prime defect is in flagellum formation, apparently a feedback loop was not necessary as head morphogenesis in these mutants is mostly normal. Extrapolating to human-assisted reproductive techniques practice, this analysis would supply the arguments for the development of tools to select for motility as a continuous (non-discrete) parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- P de Boer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Escoffier J, Yassine S, Lee HC, Martinez G, Delaroche J, Coutton C, Karaouzène T, Zouari R, Metzler-Guillemain C, Pernet-Gallay K, Hennebicq S, Ray PF, Fissore R, Arnoult C. Subcellular localization of phospholipase Cζ in human sperm and its absence in DPY19L2-deficient sperm are consistent with its role in oocyte activation. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 21:157-68. [PMID: 25354701 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified the DPY19L2 gene as the main genetic cause of human globozoospermia (70%) and described that Dpy19l2 knockout (KO) mice faithfully reproduce the human phenotype of globozoospermia making it an excellent model to characterize the molecular physiopathology of globozoospermia. Recent case studies on non-genetically characterized men with globozoospermia showed that phospholipase C, zeta (PLCζ), the sperm factor thought to induce the Ca(2+) oscillations at fertilization, was absent from their sperm, explaining the poor fertilization potential of these spermatozoa. Since 30% of globozoospermic men remain genetically uncharacterized, the absence of PLCζ in DPY19L2 globozoospermic men remains to be formally established. Moreover, the precise localization of PLCζ and the reasons underlying its loss during spermatogenesis in globozoospermic patients are still not understood. Herein, we show that PLCζ is absent, or its presence highly reduced, in human and mouse sperm with DPY19L2-associated globozoospermia. As a consequence, fertilization with sperm from Dpy19l2 KO mice failed to initiate Ca(2+) oscillations and injected oocytes remained arrested at the metaphase II stage, although a few human oocytes injected with DPY19L2-defective sperm showed formation of 2-pronuclei embryos. We report for the first time the subcellular localization of PLCζ in control human sperm, which is along the inner acrosomal membrane and in the perinuclear theca, in the area corresponding to the equatorial region. Because these cellular components are absent in globozoospermic sperm, the loss of PLCζ in globozoospermic sperm is thus consistent and reinforces the role of PLCζ as an oocyte activation factor necessary for oocyte activation. In our companion article, we showed that chromatin compaction during spermiogenesis in Dpy19l2 KO mouse is defective and leads to sperm DNA damage. Together, these defects explain the poor fertilization potential of DPY19L2-globozoospermic sperm and the compromised developmental potential of embryos obtained using sperm from patients with a deletion of the DPY19L2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Escoffier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer' Laboratoire AGIM, CNRS FRE3405, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - Sandra Yassine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer' Laboratoire AGIM, CNRS FRE3405, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - Hoi Chang Lee
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Guillaume Martinez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer' Laboratoire AGIM, CNRS FRE3405, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - Julie Delaroche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U.836, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer' Laboratoire AGIM, CNRS FRE3405, La Tronche F-38700, France CHU de Grenoble, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Thomas Karaouzène
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer' Laboratoire AGIM, CNRS FRE3405, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - Raoudha Zouari
- Clinique des Jasmins, 23, Av. Louis BRAILLE, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Catherine Metzler-Guillemain
- Aix-Marseille Université-Inserm UMR 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France APHM Hôpital La Conception, Gynépôle, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction - CECOS, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U.836, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylviane Hennebicq
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France CHU de Grenoble, Centre d'AMP-CECOS, BP217, Grenoble Cedex 9 F-38043, France
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer' Laboratoire AGIM, CNRS FRE3405, La Tronche F-38700, France CHU de Grenoble, UF de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Rafael Fissore
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer' Laboratoire AGIM, CNRS FRE3405, La Tronche F-38700, France
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Berruti G, Paiardi C. Acrosome biogenesis: Revisiting old questions to yield new insights. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 1:95-98. [PMID: 22319656 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.1.2.16820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The acrosome is a unique membranous organelle located over the anterior part of the sperm nucleus that is highly conserved throughout evolution. This acidic vacuole contains a number of hydrolytic enzymes that, when secreted, help the sperm penetrate the egg's coats. Although acrosome biogenesis is an important aspect of spermiogenesis, the molecular mechanism(s) that regulates this event remains unknown. Active trafficking from the Golgi apparatus is involved in acrosome formation, but experimental evidence indicates that trafficking of vesicles out of the Golgi also occurs during acrosomogenesis. Unfortunately, this second aspect of acrosome biogenesis remains poorly studied. In this article, we briefly discuss how the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways, assisted by a network of microtubules, tethering factors, motor proteins and small GTPases, relate and connect to give rise to the sperm-specific vacuole, with a particular emphasis placed on the endosomal compartment. It is hoped that this information will be useful to engage more studies on acrosome biogenesis by focusing attention towards suggested directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Berruti
- Department of Biology; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Reproduction; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
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Holland A, Ohlendieck K. Comparative profiling of the sperm proteome. Proteomics 2014; 15:632-48. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashling Holland
- Department of Biology; National University of Ireland; Maynooth County Kildare Ireland
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology; National University of Ireland; Maynooth County Kildare Ireland
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Molecular chaperones, cochaperones, and ubiquitination/deubiquitination system: involvement in the production of high quality spermatozoa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:561426. [PMID: 25045686 PMCID: PMC4089148 DOI: 10.1155/2014/561426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process in which mitosis, meiosis, and cell differentiation events coexist. The need to guarantee the production of qualitatively functional spermatozoa has evolved into several control systems that check spermatogenesis progression/sperm maturation and tag aberrant gametes for degradation. In this review, we will focus on the importance of the evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways involving molecular chaperones belonging to the superfamily of heat shock proteins (HSPs), their cochaperones, and ubiquitination/deubiquitination system all over the spermatogenetic process. In this respect, we will discuss the conserved role played by the DNAJ protein Msj-1 (mouse sperm cell-specific DNAJ first homologue) and the deubiquitinating enzyme Ubpy (ubiquitin-specific processing protease-y) during the spermiogenesis in both mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates.
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