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Shi X, Wang Y, Liu H, Han R. Targeting Hub Genes Involved in Muscle Injury Induced by Jumping Load Based on Transcriptomics. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:498-506. [PMID: 37339448 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find hub genes that may play key roles in skeletal muscle injury induced by jumping load. Twelve female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the normal control (NC) group and the jumping-induced muscle injury (JI) group. After 6 weeks of jumping, transmission electron microscopy, hematoxylin-eosin staining, transcriptomics sequencing and genes analysis, interaction network prediction of multiple proteins, real-time PCR detection, and Western blotting were performed on gastrocnemius muscles from NC and JI groups. As compared with NC rats, excessive jumping can result in notable structural damage and inflammatory infiltration in JI rats. A total of 112 differentially expressed genes were confirmed in NC rats versus JI rats, with 59 genes upregulated and 53 genes downregulated. Using the online String database, four hub genes in the transcriptional regulatory network were targeted, including FOS, EGR1, ATF3, and NR4A3. All expression levels of FOS, EGR1, ATF3, and NR4A3 mRNAs were decreased in JI rats compared with NC rats (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). All expression levels of c-Fos, EGR1, ATF3, and NOR1 proteins were upregulated in JI rats (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p > 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively). Collectively, these findings indicate that FOS, EGR1, ATF3, and NR4A3 genes may be functionally important in jumping-induced muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Shi
- Wushu College, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Joseph J, Premeaux TA, Pinto DO, Rao A, Guha S, Panfil AR, Carey AJ, Ndhlovu LC, Bergmann‐Leitner ES, Jain P. Retroviral b-Zip protein (HBZ) contributes to the release of soluble and exosomal immune checkpoint molecules in the context of neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e102. [PMID: 37547182 PMCID: PMC10399615 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic, progressive, neuroinflammatory demyelinating condition of the spinal cord. We have previously shown that aberrant expression and activity of immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules such as PD-1 and PD-L1/PD-L2, negatively associates with the cytolytic potential of T cells in individuals with HAM/TSP. Interestingly, ICPs can exist in a soluble cell-free form and can be carried on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes (small EVs, <300nm) while maintaining their immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, we investigated the role of soluble and exosomal ICPs in HTLV-1 associated neuroinflammation. For the very first time, we demonstrate a unique elevated presence of several stimulatory (CD27, CD28, 4-1BB) and inhibitory (BTLA, CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L2) ICP receptors in HAM/TSP sera, and in purified exosomes from a HAM/TSP-derived HTLV-1-producing (OSP2) cells. These ICPs were found to be co-localized with the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway proteins and exhibited functional binding with their respective ligands. Viral proteins and cytokines (primarily IFNγ) were found to be present in purified exosomes. IFNγ exposure enhanced the release of ICP molecules while antiretroviral drugs (Azidothymidine and Lopinavir) significantly inhibited this process. HTLV-1 b-Zip protein (HBZ) has been linked to factors that enhance EV release and concurrent knockdown here led to the reduced expression of ESCRT associated genes (eg. Hrs, Vsp4, Alix, Tsg101) as well as abrogated the release of ICP molecules, suggesting HBZ involvement in this process. Moreso, exosomes from OSP2 cells adversely affected CD8 T-cell functions by dimishing levels of cytokines and cytotoxic factors. Collectively, these findings highlight exosome-mediated immunmodulation of T-cell functions with HBZ and ESCRT pathways as an underlying mechanism in the context of HTLV-1-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Joseph
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Thomas A. Premeaux
- Weill Cornel Medicine Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Daniel O. Pinto
- Immunology Core, Biologics Research and DevelopmentWalter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringsMDUSA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and EducationOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Shrobona Guha
- Department of Neurobiology and AnatomyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Amanda R. Panfil
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Retrovirus ResearchColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Alison J. Carey
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of PediatricsDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Weill Cornel Medicine Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Elke S. Bergmann‐Leitner
- Immunology Core, Biologics Research and DevelopmentWalter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringsMDUSA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Neurobiology and AnatomyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Reguilón MD, Ferrer-Pérez C, Ballestín R, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Voluntary wheel running protects against the increase in ethanol consumption induced by social stress in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:108004. [PMID: 32408137 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that exposure to social defeat (SD), a model of social stress, produces a long-term increase in the consumption of ethanol, most likely through an increase in the neuroinflammation response. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exposure to physical activity in the form of voluntary wheel running (VWR) could block the increase in ethanol consumption and the neuroinflammatory response induced by social stress. Mice were exposed to either 4 sessions of repeated social defeat (RSD) or a non-stressful experience. During the whole procedure, half of the mice were exposed to controlled physical activity, being allowed 1 h access to a low-profile running wheel three times a week. Three weeks after the last RSD, animals started the oral self-administration (SA) of ethanol (6% EtOH) procedure. Biological samples were taken 4 h after the first and the fourth RSD, 3 weeks after the last RSD, and after the SA procedure. Brain tissue (striatum) was used to determine protein levels of the chemokines fractalkine (CX3CL1) and SDF-1 (CXCL12). RSD induced an increase in ethanol consumption and caused greater motivation to obtain ethanol. The striatal levels of CX3CL1 and CXCL12 were also increased after the last RSD. VWR was able to reverse the increase in ethanol intake induced by social stress and the neuroinflammatory response. In conclusion, our results suggest that VWR could be a promising tool to prevent and reduce the detrimental effects induced by social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Reguilón
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - R Ballestín
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Montagud-Romero S, Montesinos J, Pavón FJ, Blanco-Gandia MC, Ballestín R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Miñarro J, Guerri C, Rodríguez-Arias M. Social defeat-induced increase in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine: Role of CX3CL1. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 96:109753. [PMID: 31446159 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Social stress is associated with higher vulnerability to drug use, as it enhances the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants in rodents. Furthermore, continued or severe stress induces a proinflammatory state of microglial activation and augmented cytokine production. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the role of fractalkine [C-X3-C motif ligand 1 (CX3CL1)], an inflammatory chemokine, in the increased conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine in animals exposed to social defeat stress. In addition, we measured the signaling cascade pathway of CX3CL1 in the hippocampus (HPC) (including p-ERK/ERK, p-p38/p38 MAPK, p-p65/p65 NFκB and p-CREB/CREB ratios). The glutamate receptor subunits NR1, NR2B and GluA1 were also assessed. A total of 102 adult male C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) and Cx3cr1 knockout (KO) mice were divided into different experimental groups according to stress condition (exploration or social defeat). Three weeks after the last social defeat, conditioned place preference (CPP) was induced by a subthreshold dose of cocaine (1 mg/kg). Brain tissue samples were taken 24 h after the CPP procedure to determine the levels of the proteins and transcription factors. Our results showed that, in WT animals, repeated social defeat (RSD) decreased CX3CL1 striatal levels without producing changes in the HPC. In addition, RSD induced an increase in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine, regardless of the genotype. After CPP induced by cocaine, defeated Cx3cr1-deficient mice showed a decrease in the p-p65/p65 NFκB and pCREB/CREB ratio in the HPC, and an increase in the hippocampal levels of CX3CL1 and p-p38/p38 MAPK relation. In all defeated mice, there was a decrease in the ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit NR1. In conclusion, these results suggest that the lack of CX3CL1/Cx3cr1 signaling under stress conditions induces changes in protein and transcription factors, indicating that CX3CL1 is needed to shield the response to social defeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia 46012, Spain; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - M Carmen Blanco-Gandia
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Ballestín
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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Loftis JM, Valerio J, Taylor J, Huang E, Hudson R, Taylor-Young P, Chang M, Ho SB, Dieperink E, Miranda JL, Hauser P. S100B and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Blood as Potential Markers of Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Psychiatric Impairment in Comorbid Hepatitis C Viral Infection and Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:10.1111/acer.13796. [PMID: 29953169 PMCID: PMC6310679 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol use disorder (AUD) both adversely affect the immune system resulting in alterations in immune cell signaling and inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate how comorbid AUD contributes to abnormalities in inflammatory mediators and psychiatric impairments in adults with HCV. METHODS Alcohol use, mood, and inflammatory factors were evaluated at 3 time points (baseline, week 4, and week 12) in Veterans with HCV, with (n = 42) and without (n = 13) comorbid AUD. Peripheral indices of immune activation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage (S100 calcium-binding protein B [S100B]), liver function, and viral load were measured using immunoassays and polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS Comorbid AUD was associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, elevated levels of liver enzymes, and altered expression of inflammatory factors. Alcohol consumption was positively correlated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms. Univariate analysis identified significant group differences in interleukin (IL)-8 (p = 0.006), IL-10 (p = 0.03), and S100B (p = 0.048), with increased levels in participants with AUD, which persisted over time despite reductions in alcohol use and no significant change in HCV viral load. Statistically significant effects of study group or time were not found for the other immune factors assessed. Exploratory receiver operating characteristic curve analysis evaluated the ability of IL-8, IL-10, and S100B to differentiate between levels of alcohol consumption and generated biomarker cutoff values used to identify low risk and unhealthy alcohol use groups. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HCV and comorbid AUD are associated with greater psychiatric impairments, potentially resulting from increased inflammation, dysregulated cytokine expression, and compromised BBB function. Alcohol-induced BBB damage may increase the risk of neuropathological consequences within the context of chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Loftis
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Juno Valerio
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan Taylor
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elaine Huang
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebekah Hudson
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Patricia Taylor-Young
- Nursing Research Department, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Chang
- Gastroenterology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Internal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Samuel B. Ho
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Dieperink
- Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juan Luis Miranda
- VA Long Beach Health Care System, 5901 E 7th St, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Peter Hauser
- VA Long Beach Health Care System, 5901 E 7th St, Long Beach, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Sagar D, Singh NP, Ginwala R, Huang X, Philip R, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Neumann K, Ruland J, Andrews AM, Ramirez SH, Khan ZK, Jain P. Antibody blockade of CLEC12A delays EAE onset and attenuates disease severity by impairing myeloid cell CNS infiltration and restoring positive immunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2707. [PMID: 28578388 PMCID: PMC5457463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of dendritic cells (DCs) recruitment across the blood brain barrier (BBB) during neuroinflammation has been the least explored amongst all leukocytes. For cells of myeloid origin, while integrins function at the level of adhesion, the importance of lectins remains unknown. Here, we identified functions of one C-type lectin receptor, CLEC12A, in facilitating DC binding and transmigration across the BBB in response to CCL2 chemotaxis. To test function of CLEC12A in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we administered blocking antibody to CLEC12A that significantly ameliorated disease scores in MOG35–55-induced progressive, as well as PLP138–151-induced relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. The decline in both progression and relapse of EAE occurred as a result of reduced demyelination and myeloid cell infiltration into the CNS tissue. DC numbers were restored in the spleen of C57BL/6 and peripheral blood of SJL/J mice along with a decreased TH17 phenotype within CD4+ T-cells. The effects of CLEC12A blocking were further validated using CLEC12A knockout (KO) animals wherein EAE disease induction was delayed and reduced disease severity was observed. These studies reveal the utility of a DC-specific mechanism in designing new therapeutics for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sagar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Narendra P Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Rashida Ginwala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Immunotope Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Ramila Philip
- Immunotope Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,William Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Konstantin Neumann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Allison M Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zafar K Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Hepatitis C virus drives increased type I interferon-associated impairments associated with fibrosis severity in antiretroviral treatment-treated HIV-1-hepatitis C virus-coinfected individuals. AIDS 2017; 31:1223-1234. [PMID: 28492391 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral coinfections might contribute to the increased immune activation and inflammation that persist in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-treated HIV-1 patients. We investigated whether the hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection contributes to such alterations by impairing the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) IFNα/TLR7 pathway in a highly homogeneous group of ART-treated HIV-1-HCV-coinfected patients. METHODS Twenty-nine HIV-1-infected patients with fully suppressive ART were included, 15 of whom being HCV-coinfected with mild-to-moderate fibrosis and matched for their HIV-1 disease, and 13 control healthy donors. Cellular activation, plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and pDC transcriptome associated with IFNα/TLR7 pathway were characterized. RESULTS Higher plasma levels of type-I interferon (IFN)-associated cytokines [interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), MIP-1β, IL-8 and IFN-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant) were observed in HIV-1-HCV-coinfected than in HIV-1-monoinfected patients (P = 0.0007, 0.028, 0.028 and 0.035, respectively). The pDCs and T cells displayed a more exhausted (LAG-3+ and CD57+, respectively) phenotype. The pDC IFNα pathway (defined by phosphorylated STAT1 expression) was constitutively activated in all patients, irrespective of HCV coinfection. Expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) EI2AK2, ISG15, Mx1 and IFI44 was increased in pDCs from HIV-1-HCV-coinfected individuals and was correlated with fibrosis score (Fibroscan, www.echosens.com, Paris, France and aspartate-aminotransferase/platelet-ratio index score, P = 0.026 and 0.019, respectively). Plasma levels of IP-10, STAT1 expression in pDCs and Mx1 mRNA levels in pDCs decreased after interferon-free anti-HCV treatment. CONCLUSION HCV replication appears to drive increases in type-I IFN-associated inflammation and ISGs expression in pDCs, in association with fibrosis severity in ART-treated HIV-1-infected patients with mild-to-moderate fibrosis. Preliminary results indicate reduction of these alterations with earlier interferon-free anti-HCV treatment in those patients.
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) up-regulates IL-8 expression through TAK-1/JNK/AP-1 pathways. Virology 2017; 506:64-72. [PMID: 28347884 PMCID: PMC7111726 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acute phase of respiratory distress caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is likely a consequence of the release of inflammatory cytokines in the lung. IL-8, the main chemokine and activator of neutrophils, might be related to the lung injury upon PRRSV infection. In this study, we showed that PRRSV induced IL-8 expression in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, we demonstrated that JNK and NF-κB pathways were activated upon PRRSV infection and required for the enhancement of IL-8 expression. We further verified that PRRSV-activated TAK-1 was essential for the activation of JNK and NF-κB pathways and IL-8 expression. Moreover, we revealed an AP-1 binding motif in the cloned porcine IL-8 (pIL-8) promoter, and deletion of this motif abolished the pIL-8 promoter activity. Finally, we found that the JNK-activated AP-1 subunit c-Jun was critical for the up-regulation of IL-8 expression by PRRSV. These data suggest that PRRSV-induced IL-8 production is likely through the TAK-1/JNK/AP-1 pathways. PRRSV infection induces IL-8 expression in vitro and in vivo. PRRSV up-regulates IL-8 expression through TAK-1/JNK/AP-1 pathways. AP-1 element in porcine IL-8 promoter is essential for PRRSV induced IL-8 expression.
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HBV/HCV dual infection impacts viral load, antibody response, and cytokine expression differently from HBV or HCV single infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39409. [PMID: 28009018 PMCID: PMC5180099 DOI: 10.1038/srep39409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus (HBV/HCV) dual infection is common among high-risk individuals. To characterize the virological and immunological features of patients with HBV/HCV dual infection, we enrolled 1,049 individuals who have been identified as injection drug users. Patients were divided into single and dual infection groups according to the serological markers. We found the average HCV RNA level was significantly lower; however, HBV viral load was significantly higher in HBV/HCV dual-infected patients (n = 42) comparing HCV single infection (n = 340) or HBV single infection (n = 136). The level of anti-HBs in patients who experienced spontaneous HBV clearance was higher than that in HCV single-infected patients with HBV spontaneous clearance. The level of anti-HCV E2 in HBV/HCV dual infection was lower than that detected in HCV single infection. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly lower in HBV/HCV dual-infected patients than in patients infected with HBV or HCV alone. Taken together, two viral replications are imbalanced in dual infected patients. The anti-HBs and anti-HCV E2 antibody production were impaired and proinflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α also downregulated due to dual infection. These findings will help further understanding the pathogenesis of HBV/HCV dual infection.
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Nunnari G, Fagone P, Condorelli F, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L, Di Rosa M. CD4+ T-cell gene expression of healthy donors, HIV-1 and elite controllers: Immunological chaos. Cytokine 2016; 83:127-135. [PMID: 27108398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES T-cell repertoire dysfunction characterizes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Disease progression is probably due to a profound dysregulation of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg patterns. The aim of this study was to analyze the features of CD4+ T cells in HIV-positive patients with different viroimmunological profile. METHODS we used a gene expression dataset of CD4+ T cells from healthy donors, HIV+ naive patients and Elite Controllers (EC), obtained from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/, accession number GSE18233). RESULTS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed an almost complete overlap between the HIV-infected and EC patients, which cannot easily explain the different responses to HIV infection of these two group of patients. We have found that HIV patients and the EC showed an upregulation of the Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, compared to the controls. Also, we have surprisingly identified IL28B, which resulted downregulated in HIV and EC compared to healthy controls. We focused attention also on genes involved in the constitution of the immunological synapse and we showed that HLA class I and II genes resulted significantly upregulated in HIV and in EC compared to the control. In addition to it, we have found the upregulation of others syncytial molecules, including LAG3, CTLA4, CD28 and CD3, assisting the formation of syncytia with APC cells. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms of HIV-associated immunological chaos is critical to strategically plan focused interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nunnari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - P Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - F Condorelli
- DiSCAFF & DFB Center, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - F Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - L Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
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11
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Ramirez LA, Arango TA, Thompson E, Naji M, Tebas P, Boyer JD. High IP-10 levels decrease T cell function in HIV-1-infected individuals on ART. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:1055-63. [PMID: 25157027 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0414-232rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1-infected subjects, despite control of viral replication with ART, have an altered immune cytokine/chemokine milieu. Changes in systemic cytokines and chemokines can alter immune responses. IP-10, in particular, has been associated with pathogenesis in a number of conditions, and we found that IP-10 is increased in serum in subjects who are HIV-1 infected and on stable ART compared with HIV-1-uninfected individuals. In a series of in vitro studies, we found that PBMCs exposed to IP-10 showed a significant decrease in the number of cells capable of secreting IFN-γ, as well as other cytokines, when stimulated with recall antigens. Furthermore, treatment with IP-10 led to decreased antigen-specific calcium signaling and MAPK38 phosphorylation. Importantly, the cytokines, as well as proliferative responses, could be enhanced with an IP-10 Nab. Our findings suggest that IP-10-modulating drugs may potentially enhance T cell responses to vaccination and HIV-1 in HIV+ subjects on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Naji
- Department of Pathology and
| | - P Tebas
- AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Dupuy AM, Kuster N, Lizard G, Ragot K, Lehmann S, Gallix B, Cristol JP. Performance evaluation of human cytokines profiles obtained by various multiplexed-based technologies underlines a need for standardization. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 51:1385-93. [PMID: 23314551 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiplexed methods permit simultaneous quantification of multiple cytokines. As several manufacturers offer reagents to quantify the same cytokines on a single instrument, comparison of the distribution should be made to determine whether these data are comparable from one assay to another. METHODS We performed the quantification of cytokines in serum samples with three commercially available assays: Cytometric Bead Array (CBA), Protein Biochip Array Technology (PBAT), and Luminex Technology analysis. Using detection limit and reference range of the three commercial multiplex technologies, we evaluated: 1) the overall distribution of cytokines; and 2) the clinical impact. RESULTS The three cytokines, IL-1β, IL-1α and IL-4, cannot be measured by these methods because of the high number of non-detected data (>50%). By contrast, four cytokines as IL-8, VEGF, MCP-1 and EGF exhibited a low percentage of non-detected data whatever method was used. The comparison of the percentage of samples with values higher than the respective reference range of each method reported an absence of clinical concordance (Cohen's κ-test <0.40). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the lack of transferability between the three commercially available multiplex methods evaluated (CBA, PBAT and Luminex Technology). Analytical performances are adequate for longitudinal studies using a same methodology but caution should be used for comparisons between results obtained with different methods underlying a need for standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Dupuy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
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13
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Rivera-Rivera Y, García Y, Toro V, Cappas N, López P, Yamamura Y, Rivera-Amill V. Depression Correlates with Increased Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and a Dysregulated Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in HIV-1-Infected Subjects Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5. [PMID: 25674354 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is the most common psychiatric diagnosis in the HIV/AIDS population and represents a risk factor for disease progression. Since HIV-1 infection is characterized by immunologic and metabolic disturbances, we want to study the effects of depression on different components related to pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. We hypothesize that depression will lead to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and altered antioxidant/oxidant balance. METHODS We included males and females who were ≥21 years of age, whose HIV-1 sero-status was confirmed by Western Blot, and who were currently undergoing antiretroviral treatment. Patients completed the participation consent form, a socio-demographic survey, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression assessment. We isolated the plasma from participants' blood samples for viral load analysis (RT-PCR), T-cell counts (flow cytometry), and hematological parameters. A cytokine magnetic bead panel was used to measure interleukin-15 (IL-15), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), IL-12 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels. We also performed assays to determine the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and to measure the lipid peroxidation levels using malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane assays. Statistical comparisons and correlations at 5% level of significance were determined. RESULTS Our results show that subjects with mild/moderate to severe depression as assessed by PHQ-9 had a significantly decreased adherence to anti-retroviral treatment. Subjects with depression also had significantly lower levels of white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT) than did the non-depressed group. The HIV+ subjects with depression had increased levels of IL-15, IP-10, IL-12 p40/p70 and G-CSF compared to their non-depressed counterparts. The latter had increased MDA and 8-isoprostane levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HIV+ subjects with depressive symptoms have higher levels of inflammation and altered oxidant/antioxidant balance. Although the groups were small, this study strengthens the hypothesis that alterations in cytokines are associated with the mechanisms underlying depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yainyrette Rivera-Rivera
- Department of Microbiology, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/ Ponce Research Institute, USA
| | - Yashira García
- Department of Microbiology, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/ Ponce Research Institute, USA
| | - Valerie Toro
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/ Ponce Research Institute, USA
| | - Nydia Cappas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/ Ponce Research Institute, USA
| | - Pablo López
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/ Ponce Research Institute, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamura
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/ Ponce Research Institute, USA
| | - Vanessa Rivera-Amill
- Department of Microbiology, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/ Ponce Research Institute, USA
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14
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Manuel SL, Sehgal M, Connolly J, Makedonas G, Khan ZK, Gardner J, Goedert JJ, Betts MR, Jain P. Lack of recall response to Tax in ATL and HAM/TSP patients but not in asymptomatic carriers of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:1223-39. [PMID: 23888327 PMCID: PMC3784618 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE & METHODS The immunopathogenic mechanisms responsible for debilitating neurodegenerative and oncologic diseases associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are not fully understood. Quality of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is being increasingly associated with the outcome of persistent HTLV-1 infection. In this respect, a patient cohort (from HTLV-1 endemic region) consisting of seronegative controls (controls), asymptomatic carriers (ACs), and patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) or HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) was analyzed for CD8(+) T cells polyfunctionality in response to the viral antigen Tax. RESULTS Compared to ACs, ATL and HAM/TSP patients had lower frequency and polyfunctionality of CTLs in response to Tax suggesting dysfunction of CD8(+) T cells in these individuals. As an underlying mechanism, programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor was found to be highly unregulated in Tax-responsive as well as total CD8(+) T cells from ATL and HAM/TSP but not from ACs and directly correlated with the lack of polyfunctionality in these individuals. Further, PD-1 expression showed a direct whereas MIP-1α expression had an indirect correlation with the proviral load providing new insights about the immunopathogenesis of HTLV-associated diseases. Additionally, we identified key cytokine signatures defining the immune activation status of clinical samples by the luminex assay. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggest that reconstitution of fully functional CTLs, stimulation of MIP-1α expression, and/or blockade of the PD-1 pathway are potential approaches for immunotherapy / therapeutic vaccine against HTLV-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharrón L. Manuel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mohit Sehgal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - George Makedonas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zafar K. Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jay Gardner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James J. Goedert
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R. Betts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Williams A, Steffens F, Reinecke C, Meyer D. The Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile of HIV-infected individuals: A multivariate cytokinomics approach. Cytokine 2013; 61:521-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Shetty V, Jain P, Nickens Z, Sinnathamby G, Mehta A, Philip R. Investigation of plasma biomarkers in HIV-1/HCV mono- and coinfected individuals by multiplex iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2012; 15:705-17. [PMID: 21978398 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of plasma samples from HIV-1/HCV mono- and coinfected individuals by quantitative proteomics is an efficient strategy to investigate changes in protein abundances and to characterize the proteins that are the effectors of cellular functions involved in viral pathogenesis. In this study, the infected and healthy plasma samples (in triplicate) were treated with ProteoMiner beads to equalize protein concentrations and subjected to 4-plex iTRAQ labeling and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. A total of 70 proteins were identified with high confidence in the triplicate analysis of plasma proteins and 65% of the proteins were found to be common among the three replicates. Apolipoproteins and complement proteins are the two major classes of proteins that exhibited differential regulation. The results of quantitative analysis revealed that APOA2, APOC2, APOE, C3, HRG proteins were upregulated in the plasma of all the three HIV-1 mono-, HCV mono-, and coinfected patient samples compared to healthy control samples. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of the upregulated proteins revealed that they are implicated in the hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and acute-phase response signaling pathways. Thus, we identified several differentially regulated proteins in HIV-1/HCV mono and coinfected plasma samples that may be potential biomarkers for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Shetty
- Immunotope, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
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