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Abbas Y, Kanotra S, Majeed F, Anjum A, Zehra M. Clinical Profile and Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Tobacco Users-A Prospective Study from Jammu, India. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:2373-2380. [PMID: 38883546 PMCID: PMC11169173 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the incidence of tobacco-related oral mucosal lesions in the adult population visiting ENT-OPD at Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh Hospital, GMC Jammu, India. From December 2021 to November 2022 we attempted to compile the prevalence of tobacco-induced oral mucosal lesions in the adult population visiting ENT-OPD at Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh Hospital Jammu, India. The study included a total of 400 patients of various age groups. The patients were divided as current users with a habit of tobacco consumption for atleast 6 months and ex-users who had used any form of tobacco in their lifetime for a minimum of 6 months but had abstained the use since last 1 year. Age group, gender, employment, type of tobacco use, site of placement of tobacco in the oral cavity, frequency and duration of use, and the types of mucosal lesions were all documented on a standardized interviewer-based questionnaire.The oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed in accordance with international recommendations. Males (55%) had somewhat more oral mucosal lesions than females (45%). Oral submucous fibrosis was found in 110 individuals, followed by leukoplakia in 102, erythroplakia in 14, tobacco pouch keratosis in 81, tobacco induced melanosis in 82 patients and malignancy in 11 patients. 107 conventional smokers (26.75%), 254 patients using smokeless tobacco (63.5%) and 39 patients using combined form of tobacco (9.75%) showed oral mucosal lesions. The most prevalent site of lesions was the labial comissure, which showed 117 lesions (29.25%), followed by 114 lesions on the buccal mucosa (28.5%), and 99 lesions (24.75%) on buccal sulcus. Gingiva showed 41 lesions (10.25%), tongue had 15 entities (3.75%) and palate had 14 (3.5%). The most frequent oral mucosal lesion was shown to be oral submucous fibrosis, followed by leukoplakia. Smokeless tobacco was the most commonly used tobacco product. This study emphasizes the need of routine evaluation of the oral mucosa and the need for patients to be urged to stop this hazardous behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Abbas
- Department of E.N.T, GMC Jammu and Associated Hospitals, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Sonika Kanotra
- GMC Jammu and Associated Hospitals, Jammu and Kashmir Jammu, India
| | - Farkhanda Majeed
- GMC Jammu and Associated Hospitals, Jammu and Kashmir Jammu, India
| | - Areena Anjum
- GMC Jammu and Associated Hospitals, Jammu and Kashmir Jammu, India
| | - Mehvish Zehra
- Government of Jammu and Kashmir Health and Family Welfare, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
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Itumalla R, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Neyazi A, Hassam AF, Satapathy P, Rustagi S, Kukreti N, Padhi BK. Smokeless tobacco consumption among women of reproductive age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1361. [PMID: 38769491 PMCID: PMC11106917 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) poses many negative health impacts. Despite its longstanding presence in societies across the world, the health implications of SLT have only been rigorously studied in recent decades. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing research to provide a comprehensive understanding of the global prevalence of SLT use among women of reproductive age. Relevant articles were extracted from databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus from their inception until November 11, 2023. Observational studies reporting the number of SLT users among women of reproductive age were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model to determine SLT prevalence, supported by statistical tools like forest plots, I2 statistics, and sensitivity analyses to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the results. All statistical analyses were performed in R version 4.3. From 10 studies involving 2,053,667 participants, a pooled prevalence for SLT use among women of reproductive age was found to be 9.3% (95% CI: 0.038 to 0.21), with significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 100%). Publication bias was suspected among the studies. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis couldn't resolve the heterogeneity. Our analysis shows a significant prevalence of SLT use in women of reproductive age, especially in low socioeconomic and developing countries like India, Pakistan, and Nepal. For women of reproductive age, the use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) can lead to infertility, pregnancy complications, and adverse fetal outcomes, including low birth weight and preterm birth. The results highlight the necessity for specific public health measures and policy changes to decrease SLT consumption among reproductive-age women. Further studies are needed to investigate the reasons behind SLT usage in this group and to assess the impact of intervention strategies, to guide more effective public health initiatives and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaiah Itumalla
- School of Management, The Apollo University, Chittoor, 517127, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Shilpa Gaidhane
- One Health Centre (COHERD), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network (SAIFRN), Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Abhay M Gaidhane
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, and Global Health Academy, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Ahmad Neyazi
- Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies, Herat, Afghanistan.
- Scientific Affairs, Herat Regional Hospital, Herat, Afghanistan.
| | | | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Quadri MFA, Kamel AM, Nayeem M, John T, Thacheril A, Tartaglia G, Tadakamadla S. Smokeless tobacco and periodontitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38757716 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM The present systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to investigate the global association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and periodontitis, considering significant effect size variation based on the income levels of countries. METHODS We searched seven databases to identify studies that assessed the prevalence of periodontitis in adult SLT users compared to non-users. The quality of studies was evaluated using the 10-item risk-of-bias tool, and publication bias was addressed through the trim-and-fill method. Sensitivity analysis utilized the leave-one-out approach. Meta-analysis and meta-regression, stratified by country income, SLT type, and smoking status, employed robust variance estimation. RESULTS From an initial pool of 484 studies, 29 studies met the selection criteria and were subjected to qualitative synthesis. Subsequently, data from 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. SLT users exhibited a nearly threefold greater likelihood of periodontitis compared to non-users (OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 2.10, 4.27; p < .01). The pooled estimate did not vary significantly based on the type of SLT used or concurrent smoking. However, the odds of periodontitis varied according to the economic level of the country; the pooled estimate was higher in high-income countries (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.37; p < .01) and even higher in lower-middle-income and lower-income countries (OR = 3.91; 95% CI: 2.66, 5.77; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Smokeless tobacco users have a higher likelihood of developing periodontitis. This study underscores global disparities in the SLT-periodontitis relationship, highlighting the need for targeted interventions, particularly in economically challenged areas where SLT use is largely unregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Texas Tech University of El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Tenny John
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Santosh Tadakamadla
- Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Irshad HA, Jehanzeb H, Raja S, Saleem U, Shaikh WA, Shahzad A, Amirali A, Iqbal N, Khan JA. Heated tobacco products- well known or well understood? A national cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitudes and usage in Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1328. [PMID: 38755586 PMCID: PMC11100178 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are reshaping the tobacco industry and just recently, a plan was sought to regularize HTPs in Pakistan. Pakistan provides an intriguing case study in this context, as tobacco use is deeply ingrained in public use. To ensure that future evidence-based policy recommendations are grounded in the public's knowledge, attitudes, and usage of HTPs, a nationwide survey must be conducted. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online-based questionnaire nationwide in Pakistan. The questionnaire was validated and distributed through convenience sampling. The questionnaire assessed participants' knowledge, attitudes, and usage of HTPs. Descriptive statistics was used to describe participants' response and linear regression was performed at a p-value of < 0.05 using SPSS version 26. RESULTS In our sample of 1195 respondents (mean age of 33 years, 41.8% males and 58.2% females), 54.7% had previously heard about HTPs and 16.9% reported using HTPs at least once. Additionally, 38.24% were unsure of the legality of HTP use. Those with monthly household incomes of PKR 100,000 to 500,000, were more likely to have higher knowledge scores (OR:1.80[1.07-3.04]). On the other hand, males (OR:0.70 [0.55-0.89]) and respondents from Balochistan (OR:0.40 [0.22-0.71]) were more likely to have lower knowledge scores. The strongest motivators were the enjoyability of HTPs (55.73%) and usage as a cigarette alternative (54.64%), while the strongest deterrents were the negative health effects (82.68%) and potential for addiction (81.01%). CONCLUSION Our study underscores the need for awareness campaigns and interventions concerning HTPs, given prevalent preconceived notions and mixed attitudes among respondents. It was found that women and households with higher incomes scored higher on knowledge. Subjective enjoyment and a substitute for cigarettes were important motivators, but the most mentioned deterrents were the possibility of addiction and the detrimental effects on health. These insights form the basis for informed policy making for non-cigarette tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamzah Jehanzeb
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sajjan Raja
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Umair Saleem
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | | | - Akmal Shahzad
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Atiqa Amirali
- Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Iqbal
- Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Ahmed Khan
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
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Arif Khan M, Chandra D, Singh B, Gowrav P, Gupta S, Rani Roy T. Effects of Smokeless Tobacco on Oral Health: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e60391. [PMID: 38882958 PMCID: PMC11179854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption poses a significant global public health challenge because of its adverse effects on oral health. Although the detrimental impact of SLT on oral tissues is well-documented, understanding its multifaceted effects is essential for effective prevention and intervention strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of SLT on oral health, focusing on various clinical parameters and their differences between placement and non-placement sites of SLT. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 528 habitual users of SLT was conducted. Clinical parameters included the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), gingival recession (GR), and probing depth (PD). Oral mucosal changes at SLT placement sites have also been reported. Statistical analysis was performed to compare parameters between the placement and non-placement sites. RESULTS The study involved 528 subjects, mostly male (82%) and aged 21-40 years (mean±SD=31.14±9.10), habitual users of SLT. Prevalent SLT types included tobacco with betel nuts/masala/gutkha (59.9%) and tobacco with lime (54.5%). Significant differences were observed between SLT placement and non-placement sites: higher gingival inflammation (GI) at placement sites (1.54±0.61 vs. 1.45±0.54, p=0.01), lower GBI at placement sites (40.0% vs. 84.3%, p=0.001), and more prevalent GR (65.7% vs. 34.3%, p=0.03) at placement sites. Probing depths ≥ 3 mm were also less frequent at placement sites (2.67±0.72) than non-placement sites (3.37±1.03, p=0.001). These results highlight the detrimental impact of SLT on periodontal health, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions among SLT users. CONCLUSION SLT use is associated with adverse effects on oral health, including GI, plaque accumulation, gingival bleeding, GR, and changes in the oral mucosa. Targeted interventions and public health policies are needed to address these issues effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Khan
- Department of Periodontology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, IND
| | - Deepti Chandra
- Department of Periodontology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, IND
| | - Brijendra Singh
- Department of Periodontology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Piyush Gowrav
- Department of Periodontology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Periodontology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, IND
| | - Tulika Rani Roy
- Department of Periodontology, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, IND
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Shah R, Khidri FF, Waryah YM, Nigar R, Mahmood A, Shaikh H, Awan MQ, Ujjan ID, Waryah AM. Serum and salivary Cu/Zn ratio as a diagnostic biomarker for oral submucosal fibrosis: an analysis of trace metals and LOX gene variants. Biometals 2024; 37:447-459. [PMID: 38085405 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the serum and salivary levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and the Cu/Zn ratio and investigate the association between LOX gene variants (rs18800449 and rs2288393) and oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF). A total of 250 subjects were included in the study: OSMF patients (n = 50), areca nut chewers without OSMF (n = 100) and controls (n = 100). Trace metals were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while LOX gene variants were genotyped using the tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system (tetra ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results showed significant variations in serum and salivary Cu, Zn, Fe and Cr levels and serum Mn concentrations among the three groups (p < 0.0001). Serum Cu levels were significantly higher in OSMF patients, while serum Zn levels were significantly lower. Both serum and salivary Cu/Zn ratios demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) and diagnostic potential to differentiate OSMF from chewers and controls. However, LOX gene variants did not show an association between OSMF and chewers, except for rs1800449 genotypes, which showed a significant and increased risk with the AA genotype in OSMF patients compared to controls (OR = 7.58; 95%CI 2.30-24.97). The study suggests that trace elements and genetic variants may impact the etiology of OSMF. The findings may aid in early diagnosis, suitable treatment, and as a prognostic indicator for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Feriha Fatima Khidri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Roohi Nigar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Amber Mahmood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hina Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Awan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Din Ujjan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
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Agarwal N, Shaikh MN, Banu A, Ahuja P. Repercussions of Smokeless Tobacco on Buccal Mucosa: A Community Based Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Rajasthan. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:1891-1897. [PMID: 38566678 PMCID: PMC10982187 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco is consumed mainly as smoking or smokeless tobacco [SLT]. "Smokeless tobacco" (SLT) term is used for the consumption of tobacco mixed with other constituents in form of chewing, spitting and dipping. Consumers of smokeless tobacco chew the products and spit out the juice that builds up in oral cavity which leads to various malignant and pre malignant lesions of oral cavity. Methods Descriptive observational study was conducted in the city of Jodhpur through department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, Dr. SN medical college, Jodhpur. Results Male to female ratio of smokeless tobacco usage was almost same. Increasing age was associated with occurrence of oral lesions and 43% patients developed oral lesions in the group > 64 yrs of age. Duration was another associating factor and 66% developed symptoms within < 10 years of usage. Oral submucous fibrosis is the most common lesion. Malignant lesions were seen in 0.3% cases. Around 78% cases developed dependency. Diabetic patients were seen more prone to development of oral lesions. Conclusions Development of lesions in the oral cavity by smokeless tobacco depends on various factors such as quantity of tobacco usage per day, place of putting tobacco and duration. Awareness regarding its fatal effects and timely diagnosis and management can save many lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Agarwal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. S.N. Medical College and M.D.M. Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
| | - Mohammed Nadeem Shaikh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. S.N. Medical College and M.D.M. Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
| | - Anisha Banu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Dr. S.N. Medical College and M.D.M. Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
| | - Paridhi Ahuja
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. S.N. Medical College and M.D.M. Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
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Sethi S, Ju X, Logan R, Hedges J, Garvey G, Jamieson L. Lip, oral and oropharyngeal cancer incidence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: First report from Australian population-based cancer registry, 1999-2018. Aust Dent J 2024. [PMID: 38469883 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian Burden of Disease Study has shown that cancer is the single most important entity responsible for the greatest cause of health burden in Australia. Unfortunately, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience a greater burden of this disease, with cancer of the lung, breast, bowel and prostrate being the most common. Lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer incidence is rapidly rising globally and is now the sixth most common cancer in Australia. This paper aims to summarize, for the first time, the incidence and prevalence trends of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. METHODS Data were obtained from the Australian Cancer Database (ACD), which is compiled at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) from 1999 to 2018 to estimate the incidence and prevalence of certain head and neck cancers (ICD-10 codes C00-C10, C14). The other variables requested were age groups and sex. RESULTS Results were stratified by ICD-10 code, sex and age group at diagnosis and time period (i.e. grouped years of diagnosis). The total incidence of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers increased by 1.3 times from 1999 to 2008 (107/100 000) to 2009-2018 (135/100 000). The overall 5-year prevalence of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers was 0.17% (0.24% for men and 0.09% for women). CONCLUSIONS The significantly increased incidence of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia is concerning and should be explored. A targeted, comprehensive and culturally safe model of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sethi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - X Ju
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R Logan
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Hedges
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G Garvey
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Nimbal A, Ahirrao B, Vishwakarma A, Vishwakarma P, Wani AB, Patil AA. Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2024; 4:15. [PMID: 38476986 PMCID: PMC10928654 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) causes the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage and carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of biomarkers, such as glutathione (GSH) in the blood, as well as serum albumin and total protein levels in SLT users with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. A cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted on 240 patients aged 30-60 years, divided into four groups with 60 patients in each group as follows: Group 1, control group, non-tobacco users; group 2, 60 subjects with a history of SLT use and no oral lesions; group 3, SLT users with precancerous oral lesions; and group 4, SLT users with cancerous lesions. GSH levels in the blood, serum albumin levels and total protein levels were evaluated in all groups. ANOVA and Tukey's test post hoc were used to compare the levels of the biomarkers in all groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the reliability of the biomarkers, and regression analysis was used to determine the associations between the variables. The use of SLT was predominantly observed in males. The mean GSH and serum albumin levels were lowest in group 4 and highest in the control group (P<0.001). The total serum protein levels were higher in group 4 than in group 3. On the whole, as demonstrated herein, GSH and serum albumin were reliable biomarkers, whereas total protein was a weak biomarker. GSH and serum albumin levels may thus be efficiently used for the early diagnosis and prognosis of oral malignancies in SLT users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Nimbal
- Department of Dentistry, B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijaypura, Karnataka 586103, India
| | - Bhagyashri Ahirrao
- Department of Pathology, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India
| | - Aruna Vishwakarma
- Department of Pedodontics, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India
| | - Prashanth Vishwakarma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India
| | - Alisha Bhushan Wani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India
| | - Asmita Anant Patil
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India
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Qamar S, Rozi S, Sawani S, Awan MS, Akhtar S, Siddiqui MI, Abbas SA, Taimoor S, Raza Khan F. Oral health related quality of life in head and neck cancer survivors within the first year following treatment: a cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2560. [PMID: 38297035 PMCID: PMC10830491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
After completing treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), patients often face oral complications like oral pain, limited mouth opening and dry mouth which significantly reduce their oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). These issues impact their overall well-being, social activities and long-term survival. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate OHRQoL and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and oral clinical parameters such as oral hygiene status and oral mucositis grade in patients who have completed treatment for head and neck cancer. This cross-sectional study involved 79 HNC-treated patients within first year after completion of cancer treatment attending ENT and dental clinics at outpatient department (OPD) setting in Karachi. Data was collected electronically using structured questionnaire comprising of EORTC QLQ H&N - 35 to measure OHRQoL, patients were also examined for oral hygiene status using oral hygiene index- simplified (OHI-s) and oral mucositis grade using WHO oral mucositis scale. Multiple linear regression was used to test OHRQoL associations with the sociodemographic and different clinical factors. The result showed an overall mean score for oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of 25.02 ± 15.86 (95% CI 21.46-28.57), with difficulty in mouth opening 53.16 ± 18.88 and dry mouth 45.14 ± 24.48 being predominant concerns for decline in the OHRQoL in the population. Male predilection was observed among participants n = 60 (75.9%), majority of the participants n = 41 (51.9%) were below 52 years of age. n = 63 (80%) participants received radiotherapy alongside surgery and chemotherapy. Most of participants n = 66 (83.5%) experienced moderate to severe oral mucositis with poor oral hygiene status n = 56 (71%). Significant associations were found between OHRQoL and BMI, OH status, marital status, monthly income, gender and fluoride toothpaste (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that Quality of Life (QoL) among HNC treated patients is negatively impacted by their poor oral health, post cancer treatment. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and modify the current treatment modalities and involve multidisciplinary teams, to improve their OHRQoL thereby enhancing overall QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Qamar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Shafquat Rozi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Sawani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Awan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology and Head and neck Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Akhtar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology and Head and neck Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Moghira Iqbaluddin Siddiqui
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology and Head and neck Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Akbar Abbas
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology and Head and neck Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Taimoor
- Department of Surgery, Associate of Science of Dental Hygiene, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Raza Khan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Dental Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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11
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Prajapati RK, Joshi J, Karthikeyan S, Inder MPS. Comparative evaluation of salivary, serum and urinary 8-OHdG in gutka-associated oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:37-41. [PMID: 38800434 PMCID: PMC11126255 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_442_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gutka chewing is the most common deleterious oral habit prevalent in the geographical distribution of the Indian subcontinent. Gutka leads to the production of numerous free radicals, which causes oxidative stress in regional oral tissues. Oxidative stress brings about the oxidation of guanine bases of DNA that generates 8-OHdG as its main byproduct. The presence of 8-OHdG can be evaluated not only in tissue but also in saliva, blood and urine. The availability of 8-OHdG in these samples is quite documented. In addition, a comparative assay of 8-ohdg DNA damage marker in multiple samples is yet to be done. Material and Methodology A sample size of 60 was divided into two groups, i.e., gutka consumers without any lesion and gutka consumers with OSMF. Ten samples each of saliva, serum and urine were collected from these two groups and healthy controls. Samples were centrifuged at 1000 RPM at 2-8°C for 15-20 minutes. A volume of 1.5 ml resultant supernatant was pipetted out in labelled Eppendorf tubes and stored at -80°C. The ELISA test was performed to measure the concentration of 8-OHdG protein in different samples at 450 nm after adding stop solution in 96-well microplate. Results 8-OHdG concentration was found to be highest in saliva followed by urine and serum. 8-OHdG concentration in serum was significantly less than that in saliva and urine (P-value <0.05). Intergroup difference in concentration of 8-OHdG of urine, saliva and serum was significant (P-value <0.05). Post hoc analysis revealed that concentration of 8-OHdG in saliva and urine was non-significantly different (P-value >0.05). Conclusion Saliva appears to be the most appropriate sample type as compared to serum and urine for the evaluation of 8-OHdG in OSMF subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K. Prajapati
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Joshi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Karthikeyan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Muzalda P. S. Inder
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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12
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Sozio SJ, Jhawar SR, Li S, Liu H, Sayan M, Parikh R, Chundury A, Kim S. Prognosis of South Asian Buccal Mucosa Cancer Patients in the United States: Association of Race with Overall Survival. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:241-248. [PMID: 38285790 PMCID: PMC10911709 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.1.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa and gingiva accounts for approximately 10% of oral and pharyngeal cancers diagnosed in the United States each year, with a disproportionally higher incidence in individuals of South Asian descent. However, little has been documented regarding trends pertaining to overall survival. Thus, this research serves to identify predictors of survival and determine if overall survival (OS) differs for South Asians compared to other races once they develop non-metastatic buccal mucosa or gingiva squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS A population-based, cohort study of patients registered in the National Cancer Database® (NCDB) between the years 2004-2016 was performed. Kaplan-Meyer Survival Curves were executed to examine overall survival, while univariable (UVA) and multivariable analysis (MVA) was performed to determine the effect of multiple variables on OS. RESULTS South Asians had longer median OS at 88.7 months, compared to 58.6 months and 38.3 months for Caucasians and African Americans respectively (p<0.001). In UVA, race was highly significant, but when the cohort was selected to include only those who had undergone surgical resection, no statistically significant difference remained. On MVA, lack of surgery, older age, higher grade, higher T and N stage, use of chemotherapy, higher comorbidity scores were associated with worse OS, but race was not significant. CONCLUSION South Asians in the US with non-metastatic buccal mucosa or gingiva SCC have better OS compared to Caucasians or African Americans, likely due to younger age at diagnosis (median 59 vs. 71 and 62 years old) and more frequent surgical resection (75% vs. 72% and 64%). In MVA, South Asians have similar OS as Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Joseph Sozio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
| | - Sachin R. Jhawar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Shengguo Li
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, United States.
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, United States.
| | - Mutlay Sayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Rahul Parikh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
| | - Anupama Chundury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University, United States.
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
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13
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Alharbi F, Alsaedi H, Alharbi NS, Alharbi R, Alharbi H, Alazmi A, Alghamdi F. Awareness of Oral Cancer Among Users of Smokeless Tobacco: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e50404. [PMID: 38213365 PMCID: PMC10783885 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smokeless tobacco (SLT) stands out for its higher nicotine absorption and its role in preventable fatalities. The Global Adult Tobacco survey in Saudi Arabia revealed SLT usage, while past legislation restricted its use. Linking SLT consumption to oral cancer and oral mucosal ulcers, the study addresses its prevalence in head and neck malignancies. METHODOLOGY This study is cross-sectional and includes adult users of SLT. Raosoft (Raosoft Inc., Seattle, WA) was used to calculate the sample size. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS The research study investigated various sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of SLT use among participants. All participants reported using SLT, with toombak (33.2%) and shamma (36.0%) being the most prevalent. Notably, reasons for initiating SLT included influence from peer pressure (33.6%), alternatives to smoking (32.0%), and influence from relatives (19.0%). While 75.1% intended to quit within a year, awareness of SLT's harmfulness varied: 40.3% believed it was less harmful than smoking, and 57.7% recognized its link to oral cancer. Additionally, 62.2% believed SLT could lead to dependence. Sociodemographic factors generally did not significantly affect awareness of SLT causing oral cancer. CONCLUSION The findings indicate a significant prevalence of SLT use, with toombak and shamma being the most common types consumed. Awareness of the potential harm of SLT use in relation to oral cancer varied among participants, with a notable proportion misunderstanding its harmfulness compared to smoking tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Alharbi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Hatim Alsaedi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | | | - Rawan Alharbi
- Medical School, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Hussain Alharbi
- Medical School, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdullah Alazmi
- Medical School, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAU
| | - Fahad Alghamdi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
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14
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Kumar S, Gawde N, Pednekar MS. Social Determinants and the Prevalence of Paan Masala Use among Adults in India: Results from Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2016-17. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3773-3781. [PMID: 38019235 PMCID: PMC10772776 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.11.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gutkha or Paan masala with tobacco is commonly used smokeless tobacco product in India. Given the restrictions on advertisement and promotion of Gutkha and the necessity of warning labels on tobacco products, the tobacco industry has popularised paan masala without tobacco as a surrogate product. Paan masala itself is harmful for health but remains beyond scope of current tobacco control policies. It was important to understand prevalence and determinants of its use (with or without tobacco). METHODS Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-2, India was used to estimate prevalence of paan masala use (with or without tobacco) in India. Multi-nominal regression and logistic regression were used to calculate risk ratios and odds ratios. RESULTS The prevalence of any form of paan masala was 12.1% among adults in India. Prevalence was higher among males (17.8%) than females (6.0%), aged 25-44 years (14.5%) than those aged 65 years or above (9.0%). Relative risk ratio (RRR) for Paan masala with tobacco was significantly high among those with no formal schooling (RRR:2.00) and among those in poorest wealth quintiles (RRR:1.26). While, RRR were lower for Paan masala use without tobacco among those with no formal schooling (RRR:0.95) and among poorest wealth quintiles (RRR:0.78). Region-wise AOR were highest for North-East (AOR:4.80) and Central regions (AOR:4.76) compared to South India. CONCLUSION The prevalence of paan masala use is high in India. Persons belonging to lower socioeconomic status or having no formal schooling have higher risk of consuming paan masala with tobacco. However, persons from higher wealth quintiles or having formal schooling had higher risk of use of paan masala without tobacco. These findings need careful attention of policy makers and law enforcers as it indicates different marketing strategies might have adopted by industry to target these two mutually exclusive population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Gawde
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
- Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Shreya S, Annamalai M, Jirge VL, Sethi S. Utility of salivary biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring the prognosis of nicotine addiction - A systematic review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:740-750. [PMID: 38028231 PMCID: PMC10630637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tobacco and smoke associated with tobacco comprises of a mixture of more than 9500 chemical compounds, most of which have been identified as harmful. Two of the most potent carcinogens found in cigarette smoke are N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The most commonly used method to detect and monitor nicotine addiction is via serum cotinine levels. Though considered the gold standard, there is a decline in preventive screening and diagnostic testing due to the fear of pain from invasive testing. Data sources and study selection A structured literature search was performed using the search engines PubMed and Google scholar following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. The titles and abstracts were retrieved and analysed, followed by full-text relevant data extraction in addition to a risk-of-bias analysis. Data extraction and synthesis A total of 37 studies were included in the systematic review. Salivary cotinine levels were compared between smokers and non-smokers, cigarette smokers and water pipe smokers, water pipe smokers and non-smokers. Lactate dehydrogenase salivary levels were compared between smokers and non-smokers, and salivary thiocyanate were compared between smokers and non-smokers. Conclusions Identifying biomarkers with high performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity will contribute to accelerating future research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shreya
- A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Annamalai
- KAHER’S KLE V.K. Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Vasanti Lagali Jirge
- KAHER’S KLE V.K. Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Sneha Sethi
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
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16
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Cunha ARD, Compton K, Xu R, Mishra R, Drangsholt MT, Antunes JLF, Kerr AR, Acheson AR, Lu D, Wallace LE, Kocarnik JM, Fu W, Dean FE, Pennini A, Henrikson HJ, Alam T, Ababneh E, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdoun M, Abidi H, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Adane TD, Addo IY, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Ahmed Rashid T, Akonde M, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Al-Maweri SA, Alsharif U, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anwar SL, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Aruleba RT, Asaad M, Ashraf T, Athari SS, Attia S, Azadnajafabad S, Azangou-Khyavy M, Badar M, Baghcheghi N, Banach M, Bardhan M, Barqawi HJ, Bashir NZ, Bashiri A, Benzian H, Bernabe E, Bhagat DS, Bhojaraja VS, Bjørge T, Bouaoud S, Braithwaite D, Briko NI, Calina D, Carreras G, Chakraborty PA, Chattu VK, Chaurasia A, Chen MX, Cho WCS, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Darwesh AM, Debela SA, Derbew Molla M, Dessalegn FN, Dianati-Nasab M, Digesa LE, Dixit SG, Dixit A, Djalalinia S, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Enyew DB, Erku DA, Ezzeddini R, Fagbamigbe AF, Falzone L, Fetensa G, Fukumoto T, Gaewkhiew P, Gallus S, Gebrehiwot M, Ghashghaee A, Gill PS, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gomez RS, Gorini G, Guimaraes ALS, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halboub ES, Halwani R, Hanif A, Hariyani N, Harorani M, Hasani H, Hassan AM, Hassanipour S, Hassen MB, Hay SI, Hayat K, Herrera-Serna BY, Holla R, Horita N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hussain S, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Isola G, Jaiswal A, Jani CT, Javaheri T, Jayarajah U, Jayaram S, Joseph N, Kadashetti V, Kandaswamy E, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Kauppila JH, Kaur H, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khanali J, Khatib MN, Khayat Kashani HR, Khazeei Tabari MA, Kim MS, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Kumar GA, Kurmi OP, La Vecchia C, Lal DK, Landires I, Lasrado S, Ledda C, Lee YH, Libra M, Lim SS, Listl S, Lopukhov PD, Mafi AR, Mahumud RA, Malik AA, Mathur MR, Maulud SQ, Meena JK, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mestrovic T, Mirfakhraie R, Misganaw A, Misra S, Mithra P, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi E, Mokdad AH, Moni MA, Moraga P, Morrison SD, Mozaffari HR, Mubarik S, Murray CJL, Nair TS, Narasimha Swamy S, Narayana AI, Nassereldine H, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Negru SM, Nggada HA, Nouraei H, Nuñez-Samudio V, Oancea B, Olagunju AT, Omar Bali A, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Pandey A, Pardhan S, Patel J, Pezzani R, Piracha ZZ, Rabiee N, Radhakrishnan V, Radhakrishnan RA, Rahmani AM, Rahmanian V, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Riad A, Roberts TJ, Romero-Rodríguez E, Roshandel G, S M, S N C, Saddik B, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Safaei M, Sahebazzamani M, Sahebkar A, Salek Farrokhi A, Samy AM, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Šekerija M, Senthilkumaran S, Seylani A, Shafaat O, Shahsavari HR, Shamsoddin E, Sharew MM, Sharifi-Rad J, Shetty JK, Shivakumar KM, Shobeiri P, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Singh P, Singh JA, Singh G, Sinha DN, Solomon Y, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Taheri Abkenar Y, Talaat IM, Tan KK, Tbakhi A, Thiyagarajan A, Tiyuri A, Tovani-Palone MR, Unnikrishnan B, Vo B, Volovat SR, Wang C, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe ND, Xiao H, Yu C, Yuce D, Yunusa I, Zadnik V, Zare I, Zhang ZJ, Zoladl M, Force LM, Hugo FN. The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:1401-1416. [PMID: 37676656 PMCID: PMC10485745 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Importance Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. Objective To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. Evidence Review The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. Findings In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Compton
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rixing Xu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Data and Tooling, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rashmi Mishra
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mark Thomas Drangsholt
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle
- Oral Medicine Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Alexander R Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Alistair R Acheson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Dan Lu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lindsey E Wallace
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jonathan M Kocarnik
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Weijia Fu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Frances E Dean
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Alyssa Pennini
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tahiya Alam
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Emad Ababneh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Meriem Abdoun
- Department of Medicine, University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria
| | - Hassan Abidi
- Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hiwa Abubaker Ali
- Department of Banking and Finance, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tigist Demssew Adane
- Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Quality and Systems Performance Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tarik Ahmed Rashid
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Maxwell Akonde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Hanadi Al Hamad
- Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fares Alahdab
- Evidence-Based Practice Center Program, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yousef Alimohamadi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Alipour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sumadi Lukman Anwar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Jalal Arabloo
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aleksandr Y Aravkin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Applied Mathematics, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Raphael Taiwo Aruleba
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malke Asaad
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Houston
| | - Tahira Ashraf
- University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Badar
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nayereh Baghcheghi
- Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Hiba Jawdat Barqawi
- Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasir Z Bashir
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Azadeh Bashiri
- Health Information Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Habib Benzian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Eduardo Bernabe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Devidas S Bhagat
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical, University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Souad Bouaoud
- Department of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville
| | - Nikolay Ivanovich Briko
- Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Giulia Carreras
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Meng Xuan Chen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Eunice Chung
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Department of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Technologies, Polytechnic and University Higher Education Cooperative, Gandra, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Omid Dadras
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Section Global Health and Rehabilitation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaochen Dai
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lalit Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Aso Mohammad Darwesh
- Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | | | - Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Mostafa Dianati-Nasab
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lankamo Ena Digesa
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Shilpi Gupta Dixit
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Abhinav Dixit
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman El Sayed
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Daniel Asfaw Erku
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rana Ezzeddini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- The Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Cancer Institute IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Getahun Fetensa
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | | | - Piyada Gaewkhiew
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
- Population and Patient Health Group, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Mesfin Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmad Ghashghaee
- School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Paramjit Singh Gill
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, United Kingdom
| | - Mahaveer Golechha
- Department of Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Oncological Network, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Toxicology Department, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esam S Halboub
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- School of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asif Hanif
- University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ninuk Hariyani
- Department of Dental Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mehdi Harorani
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hasani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abbas M Hassan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Houston
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammed Bheser Hassen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Khezar Hayat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Ramesh Holla
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Salman Hussain
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Irena M Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena D Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Abhishek Jaiswal
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chinmay T Jani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Health Informatics Lab, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Umesh Jayarajah
- Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Shubha Jayaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India
| | - Nitin Joseph
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Vidya Kadashetti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India
| | - Eswar Kandaswamy
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | | | - Ibraheem M Karaye
- School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - Joonas H Kauppila
- Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mohammad Keykhaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Saleh Khader
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Himanshu Khajuria
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Javad Khanali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Global Consortium for Public Health Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, India
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Department of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- MAZUMS Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Department of Genomics and Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Seoul, South Korea
- Public Health Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Wando, South Korea
| | - Farzad Kompani
- Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Koohestani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - G Anil Kumar
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Om P Kurmi
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Iván Landires
- Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
- Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
| | - Savita Lasrado
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Yo Han Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephen S Lim
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Stefan Listl
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Translational Health Economics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Platon D Lopukhov
- Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ahmad R Mafi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmad Azam Malik
- University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manu Raj Mathur
- Department of Health Policy Research, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sazan Qadir Maulud
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Jitendra Kumar Meena
- Department of Preventive Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Awoke Misganaw
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- National Data Management Center for Health, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Yousef Mohammad
- Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mokhtar Mohammadi
- Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paula Moraga
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shane Douglas Morrison
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sumaira Mubarik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | | | - Hasan Nassereldine
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Serban Mircea Negru
- Department of Oncology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Haruna Asura Nggada
- Department of Histopathology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Hasti Nouraei
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Virginia Nuñez-Samudio
- Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
| | - Bogdan Oancea
- Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrew T Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Omar Bali
- Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Jagadish Rao Padubidri
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jay Patel
- Global Health Governance Programme, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Associazione Italiana Ricerca Oncologica di Base (AIROB), Padova, Italy
| | | | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | | | | | - Amir Masoud Rahmani
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Chythra R Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sowmya J Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India
| | - Goura Kishor Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - David Laith Rawaf
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- Inovus Medical, St Helens, England, United Kingdom
| | - Salman Rawaf
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Rawassizadeh
- Department of Computer Science, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia
- Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas J Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care (GICEAP), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Manjula S
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Chandan S N
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Basema Saddik
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Umar Saeed
- International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory Foundation University School of Health Sciences (FUSH), Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Advanced Dental Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Sahebazzamani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Abdallah M Samy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MARSI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Milena M Santric-Milicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England, United Kingdom
| | - Maheswar Satpathy
- UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
- Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mario Šekerija
- Department of Medical Statistics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Allen Seylani
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Omid Shafaat
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid R Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Erfan Shamsoddin
- Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Committee, National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Jeevan K Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - K M Shivakumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of International Studies, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Afshin Shorofi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nasibeh School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Paramdeep Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
- Department of Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dhirendra Narain Sinha
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
- Department of Epidemiology, Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Yonatan Solomon
- Department of Nursing, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | | | - Iman M Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abdelghani Tbakhi
- Department of Cell Therapy and Applied Genomics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Arulmani Thiyagarajan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Amir Tiyuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
- Modestum LTD, Eastbourne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Bay Vo
- Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Simona Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa" Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ronny Westerman
- Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Hong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deniz Yuce
- Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismaeel Yunusa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Vesna Zadnik
- Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Sector, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zhi-Jiang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mohammad Zoladl
- Department of Nursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Lisa M Force
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Fernando N Hugo
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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Riju J, Tirkey AJ, Vidya K, Agarwal M, Babu M, Kurian R, Paulose A. A Site-Based Analysis of Relationship Between Clinicopathological Factors and Their Influence on Locoregional Recurrence in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:733-741. [PMID: 37900650 PMCID: PMC10611655 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In India, oral cancers are the major cause of cancer-related death. Tongue and buccal mucosa being the major subsites in oral cancer have varying clinicopathological presentations. This study is intended to know the difference in clinicopathological behavior of these two subsites. This retrospective study included 474 patients of which 232 patients had tongue cancer and 242 patients had buccal alveolar complex (BAC) cancer. Comparison between the pathological characters including pattern of nodal involvement was analyzed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and factors influencing the DFS were analyzed and compared using Cox regression analysis. Mean age of the study population was 52.7 years. Tongue oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) differed significantly from BAC OSCC in terms of age of presentation, tumor staging, and perineural invasion. Among neck nodal involvement, tongue OSCC commonly involved level IIa (p < 0.001) whereas BAC involved level Ib (p < 0.001). At a median follow-up of 27 months, 141 patients had disease recurrence, tongue OSCC commonly recurred in neck (p = 0.008), and BAC OSCC relapsed at primary site (p = 0.001). Patients older than 45 years with BAC cancer had lesser risk of recurrence (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.2-0.5; p < 0.0001). Pathological tumor stage in tongue cancer (HR, 14.9; 95% CI, 2.6-84.8; p = 0.002) and grade of tumor differentiation in BAC OSCC (HR, 9.2; 95% CI, 1.9-43.3; p < 0.005) were the most significant factors that influenced tumor recurrence. There was a significant difference in factors influencing disease recurrence among tongue and BAC OSCC. Also, pattern of nodal metastasis and pattern of recurrence were different. Hence, further research on OSCC may be done site specific. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13193-023-01750-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyashanth Riju
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Amit Jiwan Tirkey
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Konduru Vidya
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Mansi Agarwal
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Malavika Babu
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | | | - Antony Paulose
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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18
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Kumar G, Jena S, Dash P, Mandal Y, Sethi AK. Assessment of oral health status amongst the Sevayats of Shree Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha: A cross sectional study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2023; 14:460-465. [PMID: 38273930 PMCID: PMC10806303 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_26_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the oral health status amongst the Sevayats of Shree Jagannath temple, Puri, Odisha. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the oral health status among 488 Sevayats of Shree Jagannath Temple, Puri, using a simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained by utilizing the WHO oral health assessment form for adults-2013. The documented data were assembled, entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The statistical tests applied for the analysis were one-way analysis of variance and the Chi-square test. The P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The majority of the participants, around 30.3%, had an educational qualification of higher secondary, followed by high school, 26.2%. A total of 84.4% of participants cleaned their teeth with a toothbrush. Around 48.0% of participants were consuming paan and 11.7% were gutkha. The majority, 77.8% of the participants had periodontal pockets, and 79.09% of them had 4-5 mm of periodontal loss of attachment. The mean DMFT of all the participants was 5.23 ± 4.71. In the 25-44 and 45-60 years of age groups, 34.2% and 31.4% of the participants had tobacco pouch keratosis. About 72% of the subjects had bleeding gums. Conclusion There was a higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among the subjects. The majority of the servitors who had a history of consuming paan were diagnosed with oral mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Samikshya Jena
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Payal Dash
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Yagnaseni Mandal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Alok Kumar Sethi
- Department of Dental Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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19
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Chan ZW, Phuan YF, Ooi PY, Nor Azmi N, Pateel DGS, Yap HYY, Gunjal S. An assessment of oral cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate students in Malaysian dental schools. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:617. [PMID: 37653402 PMCID: PMC10469815 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is a significant public health concern worldwide. Early detection and prevention are crucial in reducing the morbidity and mortality rates associated with this disease. As future dental professionals, dental undergraduates play a vital role in promoting oral health and identifying potential oral cancer cases. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the level of oral cancer awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and practices among dental undergraduates in Malaysia. A total of 595 students from years 3, 4, and 5 in both public and private universities participated. RESULTS The results showed that a higher percentage of dental undergraduates from private universities were aware of oral cancer and had satisfactory knowledge compared to those from public universities (p < 0.05). Moreover, 59.4% of respondents felt less confident in diagnosing oral cancer during routine dental practice, and 96.1% agreed on the need to increase public awareness of oral health. Interestingly, students from private universities exhibited higher levels of awareness and knowledge regarding oral cancer than those from public universities. CONCLUSIONS To enhance oral cancer detection and prevention, it is essential to reinforce the current curriculum and provide training to improve diagnostic skills for every dental undergraduate. This will ensure that they are well-equipped with the necessary knowledge and competence to detect and prevent oral cancer effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wen Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Fan Phuan
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei-Yun Ooi
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Deepak G S Pateel
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yeng Y Yap
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shilpa Gunjal
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
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20
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Siva Prasad MS, Priyatha CV, K Joseph J, Aneesh EM. Use of psychoactive substances by goods carriage drivers associated with Kerala, India. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2023; 24:663-669. [PMID: 37603111 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2246163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the prevalence of drugs of abuse (DOA) among the goods carriage drivers associated with the southern State of India, Kerala. METHODS Point-of-collection testing (POCT) of oral fluid collected from the participants (n = 249) was done using the Evidence MultiSTAT DOA Oral Fluid II Assay kits and the Evidence MultiSTAT analyzer. RESULTS Out of the total samples, 53 (21.29%) were positive for one or more DOA. A high prevalence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (10.04%) and synthetic cannabinoids were detected in the samples. The use of ketamine, alpha-PVP, LSD, methamphetamine, opiate, 6-MAM, benzodiazepines I, methadone, PCP, tramadol, and amphetamine was also detected and their frequency of use ranged between 4.02 and 0.80%. An association between drug abuse and distance of travel was found in drivers in this study, χ2 (5, N = 249) = 123.5, p < 0.001. Confirmatory analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed excellent agreement with the results of the screening test. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study conducted among drivers in India for the detection of DOA. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was used more by the goods carriage drivers associated with Kerala State, India. The use of psychoactive substances significantly increased with the distance of travel. Point-of-collection testing (POCT) by the biochip array technology is an efficient method for the detection of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Siva Prasad
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Kerala Police Academy, Thrissur, India
| | - C V Priyatha
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, India
| | | | - E M Aneesh
- Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, India
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21
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Esquivel-Chirino C, Bolaños-Carrillo MA, Carmona-Ruiz D, Lopéz-Macay A, Hernández-Sánchez F, Montés-Sánchez D, Escuadra-Landeros M, Gaitán-Cepeda LA, Maldonado-Frías S, Yáñez-Ocampo BR, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Laparra-Escareño H, Mejía-Velázquez CP, Zentella-Dehesa A. The Protective Role of Cranberries and Blueberries in Oral Cancer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2330. [PMID: 37375955 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer has a high prevalence worldwide, and this disease is caused by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The main risk factors associated with oral cancer are smoking and alcohol. RESULTS There are various strategies to reduce risk factors, including prevention programs as well as the consumption of an adequate diet that includes phytochemical compounds derived from cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon A.) and blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.); these compounds exhibit antitumor properties. RESULTS The main outcome of this review is as follows: the properties of phytochemicals derived from cranberries were evaluated for protection against risk factors associated with oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS The secondary metabolites of cranberries promote biological effects that provide protection against smoking and alcoholism. An alternative for the prevention of oral cancer can be the consumption of these cranberries and blueberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Augusto Bolaños-Carrillo
- Área de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Bachillerato, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Guadalajara Sur, Guadalajara 045601, Mexico
| | - Daniela Carmona-Ruiz
- Área de Ortodoncia, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ambar Lopéz-Macay
- Laboratorio de Liquído Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Virología y Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México 04502, Mexico
| | - Delina Montés-Sánchez
- Investigación Biomédica Básica, Licenciatura en Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 75770, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Alberto Gaitán-Cepeda
- Departamento de Medicina y Patología Oral Clínica, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Maldonado-Frías
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Raquel Yáñez-Ocampo
- Especialidad en Periodoncia e Implantología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Luis Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Hugo Laparra-Escareño
- Departamento de Cirugía, Sección de Cirugía Vascular y Terapia, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia Patricia Mejía-Velázquez
- Departamento de Patología, Medicina Bucal y Maxilofacial, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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22
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Filippidis FT. Reducing the prevalence of smokeless tobacco in an evolving tobacco landscape. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e817-e818. [PMID: 37202014 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippos T Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK.
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23
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Chugh A, Arora M, Jain N, Vidyasagaran A, Readshaw A, Sheikh A, Eckhardt J, Siddiqi K, Chopra M, Mishu MP, Kanaan M, Rahman MA, Mehrotra R, Huque R, Forberger S, Dahanayake S, Khan Z, Boeckmann M, Dogar O. The global impact of tobacco control policies on smokeless tobacco use: a systematic review. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e953-e968. [PMID: 37202029 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokeless tobacco, used by more than 300 million people globally, results in substantial morbidity and mortality. For smokeless tobacco control, many countries have adopted policies beyond the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which has been instrumental in reducing smoking prevalence. The impact of these policies (within and outside the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control) on smokeless tobacco use remains unclear. We aimed to systematically review policies that are relevant to smokeless tobacco and its context and investigate their impact on smokeless tobacco use. METHODS In this systematic review, we searched 11 electronic databases and grey literature between Jan 1, 2005, and Sept 20, 2021, in English and key south Asian languages, to summarise smokeless tobacco policies and their impact. Inclusion criteria were all types of studies on smokeless tobacco users that mentioned any smokeless tobacco relevant policies since 2005, except systematic reviews. Policies issued by organisations or private institutions were excluded as well as studies on e-cigarettes and Electronic Nicotine Delivery System except where harm reduction or switching were evaluated as a tobacco cessation strategy. Two reviewers independently screened articles, and data were extracted after standardisation. Quality of studies was appraised using the Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool. Outcomes for impact assessment included smokeless tobacco prevalence, uptake, cessation, and health effects. Due to substantial heterogeneity in the descriptions of policies and outcomes, data were descriptively and narratively synthesised. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020191946). FINDINGS 14 317 records were identified, of which 252 eligible studies were included as describing smokeless tobacco policies. 57 countries had policies targeting smokeless tobacco, of which 17 had policies outside the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control for smokeless tobacco (eg, spitting bans). 18 studies evaluated the impact, which were of variable quality (six strong, seven moderate, and five weak) and reported mainly on prevalence of smokeless tobacco use. The body of work evaluating policy initiatives based on the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control found that these initiatives were associated with reductions in smokeless tobacco prevalence of between 4·4% and 30·3% for taxation and 22·2% and 70·9% for multifaceted policies. Two studies evaluating the non-Framework policy of sales bans reported significant reductions in smokeless tobacco sale (6·4%) and use (combined sex 17·6%); one study, however, reported an increased trend in smokeless tobacco use in the youth after a total sales ban, likely due to cross-border smuggling. The one study reporting on cessation found a 13·3% increase in quit attempts in individuals exposed (47·5%) to Framework Convention on Tobacco Control policy: education, communication, training, and public awareness, compared with non-exposed (34·2%). INTERPRETATION Many countries have implemented smokeless tobacco control policies, including those that extend beyond the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The available evidence suggests that taxation and multifaceted policy initiatives are associated with meaningful reductions in smokeless tobacco use. FUNDING UK National Institute for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Arora
- HRIDAY, New Delhi, India; Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
| | - Neha Jain
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Anne Readshaw
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - Mona Kanaan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Indian Council of Medical Research, India Cancer Research Consortium, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sarah Forberger
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Suranji Dahanayake
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK; Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Zohaib Khan
- Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Melanie Boeckmann
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Breman, Germany
| | - Omara Dogar
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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24
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Jokar M, Namavari N, Moshiri SA, Jahromi HK, Rahmanian V. The incidence of oral cavity cancer in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023:e1836. [PMID: 37191384 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oral cancer is now a top priority for non-communicable illnesses and universal health care plans, according to the WHO. There is no general estimate of the incidence of oral cavity cancer in Iran, despite multiple investigations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of oral cavity cancers in Iran. METHOD In accordance with the MOOSE (Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) Checklist recommendations, this systematic review was conducted. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were used as the international databases for the systematic literature search, while SID (Scientific Information Database), Magiran and element were used as the Iranian databases. The heterogeneity of the research will be evaluated by means of the inverse variance and Cochran Q tests, along with random-effect models. It was determined what caused the heterogeneity using a meta-regression model. By eliminating experiments one at a time, sensitivity analysis was used. The meta-analysis was corrected utilizing the Trim-and-fill method due to the identification of noteworthy publication bias via the Egger's test and asymmetry of the funnel plot. RESULTS This research incorporated a total of 22 journal articles. The pooled ASR of oral cavity cancer for males and females was estimated at 1.96 (95% CI: 1.65-2.26) (Q statistic = 1118.09, df = 25, p < .0001, I2 = 97.8%), and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.14-1.77) (Q statistic = 2576.99, df = 26, p < .0001, I2 = 99.0%), respectively. According to the funnel plots and Egger's test, there is no evidence of publication bias in studies reporting on males (bias = 1.3220, 95% CI: -3.9571, 6.6012, p = .610), but for ASR in females, Egger's test was significant (bias = -7.6366, 95% CI: 2.2141, 13.05904, p = .008). Based on Trim-and-fill methods, overall ASR corrected in females was estimated to be 1.36 (95% CI: 1.05%-1.66%). CONCLUSION Iran's oral cavity cancer incidence was lower than the global average, but owing to variables including an aging population, a rise in life expectancy, and exposure to risk factors like smoking, we anticipate an increasing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jokar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Negin Namavari
- School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Science, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
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25
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Shaashi Uday H, Pethagounder Thangavelu R, Rajaram Mohan K, Fenn SM, Appusamy K. Evaluation of Nicotine Dependence Among Smokeless Tobacco Users Using the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale for Smokeless Tobacco. Cureus 2023; 15:e38639. [PMID: 37288236 PMCID: PMC10243400 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine dependence is a current indwelling and challenging health burden among smokeless tobacco users as it involves the compulsive use of a substance despite its known harmful effects. The evaluation of nicotine dependence is challenging as it involves physical and psychological dependence due to nicotine in smokeless tobacco. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The primary aim is to assess the nicotine dependence in a group of smokeless tobacco by using a six-question Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence for Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) and to assess the nicotine dependence among three groups, namely Group - 1, who were exclusively pan masala, gutka chewers, Group - 2, who were exclusively Hans users, and Group - 3, who were exclusively betel quid with smokeless tobacco chewers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Only those who use smokeless tobacco in the age groups between 21 to 70 years were randomly selected. The total sample size is 100 patients. The age groups were divided into 21-28, 29-35, 36-42, 43-49, 50-56, 57-63, and 64-70. Informed consent was obtained from the participants of the study. RESULTS The Hans chewers are predominantly females. Pan masala and gutka chewers are predominantly males. CONCLUSION Smokeless tobacco chewers like pan masala were found to have high mean nicotine dependence Fagerstrom score than Hans and betel quid with smokeless tobacco chewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiremath Shaashi Uday
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
| | - Ravikumar Pethagounder Thangavelu
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
| | - Karthik Rajaram Mohan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
| | - Saramma Mathew Fenn
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
| | - Kumar Appusamy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
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Liu Y, Zhong L, Puram SV, Mazul AL. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Racial and Ethnic Survival Disparities in Oral Cavity and Laryngeal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:642-652. [PMID: 36827359 PMCID: PMC10650942 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cavity cancer (OCC) and laryngeal cancer are among the most common cancers worldwide. This study investigated survival in non-Hispanic (NH) Black, NH White, Asian, and Hispanic patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer of low, intermediate, and high neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES). METHODS We used data from the SEER 18 Census Tract-level SES and Rurality Database of the National Cancer Institute to create cohorts of OCC and laryngeal cancer patients from 2013 to 2018. Univariate survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank P values by nSES and then the cross-classification of race, ethnicity, and nSES. We used Cox proportional hazards regression model for multivariable analysis. RESULTS Higher nSES was associated with better OCC survival for NH White, NH Black, and Asian patients, and better laryngeal cancer survival for NH White, NH Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients. In the multivariable analyses of both OCC and laryngeal cancer survival, NH Black patients had worse survival than NH White patients in the high nSES tertile. NH Black patients with OCC were at higher risk of death than NH White patients at all nSES levels. Conversely, Asian patients with laryngeal cancer demonstrated better survival than other races within the high nSES. CONCLUSIONS Overall survival differs between racial and ethnic groups of similar nSESs. These health disparities in patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer reflect broader inequities in the cancer control continuum. IMPACT The cross-classification of race, ethnicity, and nSES revealed disparities in the 5-year overall survival of patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer and highlights the importance of intersectionality in the discussion of health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lydia Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sidharth V. Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Angela L. Mazul
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Dhingra K, Jhanjee S. A Review of Intervention Strategies for Areca Nut Use Cessation. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:117-123. [PMID: 36925490 PMCID: PMC10011838 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221144711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Areca nut (AN) is one of the world's most widely used drugs, especially in Asia-Pacific, causing dependence and multiple adverse health impacts. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified it as a type-1 carcinogen. Despite evidence of harms, its use is culturally ingrained in many regions worldwide; harm perception is low; and the availability of intervention strategies is limited. Methods To identify the range and efficacy of interventional studies on AN use cessation, a narrative review of studies published between 1990 and 2021 was undertaken using selected electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus). Results Three types of interventions were identified: educational, psychological, and pharmacological. Overall, educational interventions significantly enhanced knowledge regarding harms related to AN use. Some psychological interventions reported enhancement of motivation to quit as well as helped in reduction/cessation of AN use. Two pharmacological studies on psychiatric patients with depressive disorders and AN use found that antidepressants helped in reducing/cessation of AN use. Conclusion Overall, the number of interventional studies on AN cessation is limited, and most studies have measured the short-term effects of the intervention. The role of pharmacotherapeutic interventions needs to be evaluated for AN cessation, and evidence-based psychosocial interventions need to be developed for AN cessation. Furthermore, longitudinal research using adequate sample sizes and longer follow-up durations are needed to establish interventions in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Dhingra
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Jhanjee
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Nayak G, Kavitha A, Satpathy N, Mohapatra I, Epari V, Kishore J, Jena PK, Mohanty P, Panda S, Behera C, Singh A. Gendered Pattern and Predictors of Tobacco use in India: Evidence from the Second Round of Global adult Tobacco Survey. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:241-249. [PMID: 37323741 PMCID: PMC10263025 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_102_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background India has completed the second round of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) to monitor adult tobacco use and progress in tobacco control efforts. This study assesses the gendered pattern of tobacco use and its predictors in the second rounds of GATS. Material and Methods Publicly available GATS-2 (2016-2017) data was analyzed which contains self-reported tobacco use information of ≥15 years Indians (n = 74,037). The independent predictors of "smoking only," "smokeless only," and "dual use" among current male and female tobacco users were assessed using the multinomial regression model. Results The burden of "smoking only," "smokeless only," and "dual-use" of tobacco were 8.9% (8.74-9.15), 16.69% (16.42-16.96), and 3.89% (3.75-4.03), respectively, in the second round with wide regional variation as well as male dominance in use. Region, age, education, caste, and religion were significantly and consistently associated with different types of tobacco use in both genders. Other contextual predictors of tobacco use were residence, marital status, occupation, awareness, and wealth index (WI). Conclusions Tobacco use predictors and their gendered patterns are contextual. Monitoring the predictors for tobacco use, which may change over time, should be given priority in the national tobacco control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Nayak
- Public Health Manager, Tata Steel Foundation, Meramandali, Odisha, India
| | - A.K. Kavitha
- Regional Medical Research Centre ICMR, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nancy Satpathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ipsa Mohapatra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Venkatarao Epari
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jugal Kishore
- Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Pratap K. Jena
- Department of Public Health, KIIT School of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Parimala Mohanty
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Panda
- Department of Paediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chinmay Behera
- Department of Paediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit Singh
- Biomedical Manager, GBH American Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Ban M, Zhan Z, Wang D, He J, Zhu X, Yuan F. Decreased functional connectivity in salience network is associated with symptom severity in betel quid-dependent chewers. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13246. [PMID: 36577729 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betel quid (BQ) is the fourth most popular psychoactive agent worldwide. Neuroimaging studies have showed that substance-addicted individuals including alcohol, heroin, nicotine and other addictive substance exhibit altered activity patterns of the salience network (SN). However, no study has yet investigated the neural correlates of the resting-state SN and BQ dependence (BQD)-related physiopathological characteristics. METHODS Thirty-two BQ-dependent (BQD) chewers and 32 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were analysed by independent component analysis (ICA). RESULTS BQD chewers exhibited decreased functional connectivity in bilateral insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial superior frontal gyrus (MSFG) and inferior orbital frontal gyrus (IOFG) [false discovery rate (FDR) correction, p < 0.05]. In the BQD group, the decreased functional connectivity in left ACC correlated negatively with BQDS (BQD Scale) and the duration of BQ. CONCLUSIONS We reported decreased functional connectivity in resting-state SN of BQD individuals. The decreased functional connectivity in left ACC correlated negatively with BQDS and the duration of BQ. Our findings provided evidence for the importance of the SN in the pathophysiology of BQD and indicated that the SN dysfunction might provide a potential mechanism in BQD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Ban
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongcui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jincheng He
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fulai Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Dalirsani Z, Delavarian Z, Pakfetrat A, Akbarzade Mahlabani F, Taherizadeh M, Ghazi A. Evaluation of Risk Factors in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Case Control Study. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:1-7. [PMID: 37560078 PMCID: PMC10408740 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Since there are many factors that influence the development of cancer, identifying risk factors plays an important role in cancer prevention. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the risk factors for HNSCC in Mashhad, Iran. METHODS In this case-control study, 76 patients with HNSCC were included as the case and 91 healthy people as the control group. A checklist of risk factors was completed for each participant and the two groups were compared for the presence of risk factors. Chi-square, t test, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the data. Odds ratios (ORs) for several factors have also been determined. FINDINGS The educational level and body mass index (BMI) of the patients in the case group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of risk factors such as tobacco smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and its duration (P=0.001, P<0.001, P=0.05), as well as the duration of hookah smoking, opium consumed per day and use of alcohol (P=0.023, P<0.001, P=0.015). CONCLUSION There was a direct relationship between HNSCC and risk factors such as cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of cigarette consumption and hookah, opium consumed per day, and alcohol use. However, extensive studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better assess the impact of these factors and generalize the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Dalirsani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Delavarian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atessa Pakfetrat
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Taherizadeh
- Master student in Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ala Ghazi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chavan SS, Pagar VS, Borde A, Patil SP, Kinge AD. An Epidemiological Study of Addictive Behavior Pattern Among Adolescent Tobacco Users. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 37033287 PMCID: PMC10080569 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_659_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of developing tobacco-related cancer and chronic heart and lung disease is greater if addiction starts in adolescence. Even experimental use of tobacco in adolescents significantly increases the risk of addiction in adulthood. This study intends to collect valuable data regarding sociodemographic characteristic of tobacco use, pattern of dependence among adolescent tobacco users, which will be essential for formulating recommendations, and their possible intervention aimed at reducing the problem of tobacco use. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was done where 400 subjects were enrolled. Nonprobability Snowball sampling technique was used to locate adolescents aged 12-18 years, who were practicing tobacco use. Face-to-face interviews were taken for data collection. Fragerstorm dependency test for tobacco was used to classify dependency of tobacco product into high and low dependency. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and proportions using SPSS software version 21. Results Majority of the subjects were in the age group of 16-18 years; mean age for initiation of tobacco was 15.6 years. Gutkha was the predominant form of tobacco product being used. Peer pressure 192 (48.0%) was the major reason for initiation of tobacco use. A significant association was found between dependency on tobacco and age, literacy, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions Tobacco use starting from early age has many health implications. There is a need for stringent laws against the selling of tobacco to adolescents and targeted health awareness program against tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant S. Chavan
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikrant S. Pagar
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Vikrant S. Pagarm, Flat No. 12, Triveni Apartment, Balappa Colony, Near 100 Futi Road, Dhule - 424 001, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Anant Borde
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarika P. Patil
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D. Kinge
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Gupta AK, Kanaan M, Siddiqi K, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R. Oral Cancer Risk Assessment for Different Types of Smokeless Tobacco Products Sold Worldwide: A Review of Reviews and Meta-analyses. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:733-746. [PMID: 36095092 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is a significant cause of lip and oral cavity cancers. Globally, oral cancer prevalence is strongly linked to the types of tobacco products used, their chemical composition, and their pattern of use. Except snus, all SLT products sold in different World Health Organization regions are strongly associated with oral cancer incidence. Shammah showed the highest association OR with 95% confidence intervals (CI; OR, 38.74; 95% CI, 19.50-76.96), followed by oral snuff (OR, 11.80; 95% CI, 8.45-16.49), gutkha (OR, 8.67; 95% CI, 3.59-20.93), tobacco with betel quid (OR, 7.74; 95% CI, 5.38-11.13), toombak (OR, 4.72; 95% CI, 2.88-7.73), and unspecified chewing tobacco (OR, 4.72; 95% CI, 3.13-7.11). Most SLT products containing high levels of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) exhibit a high risk of oral cancer. There is an urgent need to frame and implement international policies for oral cancer prevention through legal control of the TSNA levels in all SLT product types. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Most smokeless tobacco products sold worldwide, mainly shammah, toombak, gutkha, betel quid with tobacco, and dry snuff, are associated with a high risk of oral cancer. A high concentration of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in smokeless tobacco products is the major causative factor for oral cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana K Gupta
- Independent Research Consultant, Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mona Kanaan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Centre for Health, Innovation and Policy, Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.,School of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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Zhu S, Zhang F, Zhao G, Zhang X, Zhang X, Li T, Hu C, Zhu W, Li D. Trends in the global burden of oral cancer joint with attributable risk factors: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mukherjee N, Jayakrishnan R, Bhattacharya P, Sarkar R, John D, Mitra A, Pal B, Lal P. Impact of ban on commercial smokeless tobacco products among users and vendors in West Bengal and Kerala states, India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Shaikh SB, Tung WC, Pang C, Lucas J, Li D, Rahman I. Flavor Classification/Categorization and Differential Toxicity of Oral Nicotine Pouches (ONPs) in Oral Gingival Epithelial Cells and Bronchial Epithelial Cells. TOXICS 2022; 10:660. [PMID: 36355951 PMCID: PMC9696007 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are a modern form of smokeless tobacco products sold by several brands in the U.S., which comprise a significant portion of non-combustible nicotine-containing product (NCNP) sales to date. ONPs are available in various flavors and may contain either tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) or tobacco-free nicotine (TFN). The growth in popularity of these products has raised concerns that flavored ONPs may cause adverse oral health effects and promote systemic toxic effects due to nicotine and other ONP by-products being absorbed into the circulatory system through oral mucosa. We hypothesized that flavored ONPs are unsafe and likely to cause oral and pulmonary inflammation in oral and respiratory epithelial cells. Before analyzing the effects of ONPs, we first classified ONPs sold in the U.S. based on their flavor and the flavor category to which they belonged using a wheel diagram. Human gingival epithelial cells (HGEP) were treated with flavored ONP extracts of tobacco (original, smooth), menthol (wintergreen and cool cider), and fruit flavor (americana and citrus), each from the TDN and TFN groups. The levels of ONP-induced inflammatory cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) by ELISA, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by CellRox Green, and cytotoxicity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay in HGEP cells were assessed. Flavored ONP extracts elicited differential toxicities in a dose- and extract-dependent manner in HGEP cells 24 h post-treatment. Both fruit TDN and TFN extracts resulted in the greatest cytotoxicity. Tobacco- and fruit-flavored, but not menthol-flavored, ONPs resulted in increased ROS production 4 h post-treatment. Flavored ONPs led to differential cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) which varied by flavor (menthol, tobacco, or fruit) and nicotine (TDN vs. TFN) 24 h post-treatment. Menthol-flavored ONPs led to the most significant TNF-α release; fruit TFN resulted in the most significant IL-6 release; and fruit TDN and tobacco TFN led to the highest release of IL-8. Subsequently, human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE and BEAS-2B) were also treated with flavored ONP extracts, and similar assays were evaluated. Here, the lowest concentration treatments displayed increased cytotoxicity. The most striking response was observed among cells treated with spearmint and tobacco flavored ONPs. Our data suggest that flavored ONPs are unsafe and likely to cause systemic and local toxicological responses during chronic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Wai Cheung Tung
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Cortney Pang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joseph Lucas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Ali A, Manzoor MF, Ahmad N, Aadil RM, Qin H, Siddique R, Riaz S, Ahmad A, Korma SA, Khalid W, Aizhong L. The Burden of Cancer, Government Strategic Policies, and Challenges in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940514. [PMID: 35938114 PMCID: PMC9355152 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe condition characterized by uncontrolled cell division and increasing reported mortality and diagnostic cases. In 2040, an estimated 28.4 million cancer cases are expected to happen globally. In 2020, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) had been diagnosed worldwide, with around 10.0 million cancer deaths. Breast cancer cases have increased by 2.26 million, lung cancer by 2.21 million, stomach by 1.089 million, liver by 0.96 million, and colon cancer by 1.93 million. Cancer is becoming more prevalent in Pakistan, with 19 million new cancer cases recorded in 2020. Food adulteration, gutkha, paan, and nutritional deficiencies are major cancer risk factors that interplay with cancer pathogenesis in this country. Government policies and legislation, cancer treatment challenges, and prevention must be revised seriously. This review presents the current cancer epidemiology in Pakistan to better understand cancer basis. It summarizes current cancer risk factors, causes, and the strategies and policies of the country against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Food and Nutrition Society, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
| | | | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Nutritional Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hong Qin
- School of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rabia Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sakhawat Riaz
- Department of Home Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ahmad
- Department of Home Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Liu Aizhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liu Aizhong
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Indian Immigrants in Australia towards Oral Cancer and Their Perceived Role of General Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148596. [PMID: 35886448 PMCID: PMC9319446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is highly prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. With the increasing immigration of Indians to Australia, a potential rise in oral cancer cases can be expected if they continue engaging in oral cancer risk practices. Unfortunately, little is known on this topic in the Australian context. This study aimed to generate new insights into this area by examining Indian immigrants’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding oral cancer in Australia and their perceived role of general practitioners in raising oral cancer awareness. Exploring these aspects could determine the oral cancer risk behaviours of Indians in Australia along with any contributing factors which could help identify potential preventative strategies. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken of 164 Indians across Australia. Data were analysed using SPSS software with descriptive statistics. Respondents had varying levels of knowledge about oral cancer (mean total score 61%), particularly around risk factors such as alcohol and areca nut use as well as oral cancer-related signs/symptoms. The majority (87.7%) had not received any information about oral cancer in a health care setting but were receptive (71–90%) to general practitioners playing a more active role in this area. Respondents were engaging in positive preventative oral health care though few were currently (6.7%) or previously (14.7%) chewing tobacco preparations. Further research is needed through larger studies to confirm the study findings and inform the development of culturally tailored strategies particularly involving general practitioners, to raise oral cancer awareness and provide early screening for Indian immigrants.
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Ochani S, Ochani A, Ochani K. Naswar, a Smokeless Tobacco: Awareness and Regulation in Pakistan. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:741-742. [PMID: 35766253 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221109520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khushi Ochani
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Influence of E-Cigarette and Cannabis Vaping on Orthodontically Induced Tooth Movement and Periodontal Health in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116518. [PMID: 35682101 PMCID: PMC9180231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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40
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Cirillo N, Duong PH, Er WT, Do CTN, De Silva MEH, Dong Y, Cheong SC, Sari EF, McCullough MJ, Zhang P, Prime SS. Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:664. [PMID: 35625592 PMCID: PMC9138976 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity characterized by progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. OSF is typically associated with the use of betel quid (BQ), a chewing package made of natural products (e.g., areca nut, betel leaves), with or without smokeless tobacco. BQ ingredients contain pro-carcinogenic bioactive compounds, but also potentially protective biomolecules, and we have shown recently that the chemical properties of different BQ recipes vary, which may explain the unequal prevalence of OSF and oral cancer in BQ users in different geographical regions. Hence, this scoping review was aimed at evaluating the existing literature regarding different BQ compounds and their association with OSF. The repository of the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), medRxiv databases, Google scholar, Baidu scholar, CNKI, and EBSCO were used to search for publications that investigated the association between BQ chewing and OSF up to November 2021. The search terminology was constructed using the keywords "betel quid" and "oral submucous fibrosis", and their associated terms, with the use of Boolean operators. The search was conducted under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, together with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review showed that the risk of developing OSF varied between different BQ recipes, and that chewing BQ mixtures containing betel inflorescence (BI) significantly increased the risk of OSF, as did the addition of tobacco. Conversely, the use of betel leaf in the mixture was likely to be protective, which may be due to the presence of polyphenols. Although further research is needed to determine the effect of individual BQ ingredients in the development of OSF, our pilot results provide the scope and rationale for informing future chemopreventive strategies for OSF and oral cancer in BQ chewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (P.H.D.); (W.T.E.); (C.T.N.D.); (M.E.H.D.S.); (Y.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Peter Hung Duong
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (P.H.D.); (W.T.E.); (C.T.N.D.); (M.E.H.D.S.); (Y.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Wee Teng Er
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (P.H.D.); (W.T.E.); (C.T.N.D.); (M.E.H.D.S.); (Y.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Casey Thao Nhi Do
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (P.H.D.); (W.T.E.); (C.T.N.D.); (M.E.H.D.S.); (Y.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | | | - Yining Dong
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (P.H.D.); (W.T.E.); (C.T.N.D.); (M.E.H.D.S.); (Y.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Translational Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Malaysia, 1 Jalan SS12/1A, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Elizabeth Fitriana Sari
- Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | - Michael J. McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (P.H.D.); (W.T.E.); (C.T.N.D.); (M.E.H.D.S.); (Y.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Stephen S. Prime
- Centre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
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Noh JW, Kim MH, Lee Y, Kwon YD, Kim KB, Lee HJ, Yoo KB. Association between smokeless tobacco use and cigarette smoking amount by age. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:505. [PMID: 35292000 PMCID: PMC8922879 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of smokeless tobacco has increased worldwide among young people. This study aimed to investigate the association between smokeless tobacco use and cigarette smoking amount in adult smoker groups stratified by age. METHOD 2013-2015 National Health Interview Survey was used. A total of 19,635 subjects were included in our analysis. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for selection and any other bias. Generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the association between smokeless tobacco use and cigarette smoking amount by age. RESULTS All 580 smokeless tobacco users were matched to 2,900 non-smokeless tobacco users. Among those who were aged under 30, smokeless tobacco use was positively associated with the number of cigarettes used per day. Smokeless tobacco users who were aged under 30 and tried quitting smoking used more cigarettes than those who did non-smokeless tobacco users. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that among those who were aged under 30, smokeless tobacco use was positively associated with the number of cigarettes used per day. This study could contribute to understand the behaviors and tendencies of smoking in young adulthood and to establish effective smoking cessation methods for their age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Noh
- Division of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220710 Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dae Kwon
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine and Catholic Institute for Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Beom Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Yoo
- Division of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220710 Korea
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Toxic effects of smokeless tobacco on female reproductive health: A review. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100066. [PMID: 35310558 PMCID: PMC8927787 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco use can lead to impairments of ovarian function, morphology, oocyte quality and hormonal regulation. Use of smokeless tobacco during pregnancy has adverse health effects on both the mother and fetus. Exposure to smokeless tobacco in utero has long term health consequences on offspring.
The habitual consumption of tobacco in its various form is widespread and a serious public health issue globally. In particular, the use of smokeless tobacco has increased substantially due to its easy availability and misconception that it is relatively harmless compared to smoking. Tobacco use has been well established from numerous studies as a causative agent of devastating illnesses such as cancer, insulin resistance, hypertension, acute respiratory disease, osteoporosis, etc. Limited but growing evidence have also suggested its role in adversely affecting reproductive capabilities and outcomes in women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. This paper provides an updated review on available literature regarding the negative effects of smokeless tobacco use on female reproductive health, during pregnancy and its adverse consequences on the offspring. Existing data suggests the association between chronic smokeless tobacco use and impairment of ovarian morphology and function, oocyte quality, hormonal perturbations, fetal development and long-term health effects on the fetus. Improved understanding of these issues can contribute to better awareness of the dangers of smokeless tobacco products.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Malignant Transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis by Different Betel Quid Constituents-Does Fibroblast Senescence Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031637. [PMID: 35163557 PMCID: PMC8836171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) is a package of mixed constituents that is chewed by more than 600 million people worldwide, particularly in Asia. The formulation of BQ depends on a variety of factors but typically includes areca nut, betel leaf, and slaked lime and may or may not contain tobacco. BQ chewing is strongly associated with the development of potentially malignant and malignant diseases of the mouth such as oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), respectively. We have shown recently that the constituents of BQ vary geographically and that the capacity to induce disease reflects the distinct chemical composition of the BQ. In this review, we examined the diverse chemical constituents of BQ and their putative role in oral carcinogenesis. Four major areca alkaloids—arecoline, arecaidine, guvacoline and guvacine—together with the polyphenols, were identified as being potentially involved in oral carcinogenesis. Further, we propose that fibroblast senescence, which is induced by certain BQ components, may be a key driver of tumour progression in OSMF and OSCC. Our study emphasizes that the characterization of the detrimental or protective effects of specific BQ ingredients may facilitate the development of targeted BQ formulations to prevent and/or treat potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancer in BQ users.
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Jicman Stan D, Niculet E, Lungu M, Onisor C, Rebegea L, Vesa D, Bezman L, Bujoreanu FC, Sarbu MI, Mihailov R, Fotea S, Tatu AL. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:136. [PMID: 35069817 PMCID: PMC8756428 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial tumor, which develops most frequently from the lateral pharyngeal recess and holds some complex epidemiological characteristics. Its unusual race and geographic distribution suggests that not only the environmental factors are a contributing factor to the development of this rare cancer type, but also the genetic traits play an important role, along with nitrosamine-containing food consumption and Epstein-Barr virus infection. The signs and symptoms which a patient can present and suffer from are various and include nasal, otic, neurological as well as general ones; the way this tumor manifests being dependent on the stage of the tumor. The therapeutic management applicable in NPC needs to be established according to the case of the patient and include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, immune therapy, targeted therapy or combined treatment. The main objective of the treatment is local and regional tumor control; relapse is an important factor for future development of distant metastases. New therapeutic concepts are always sought of, current research focusing on precision medicine, meaning systemic treatment with a personalized radiotherapy approach according to the characteristics of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jicman Stan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania.,Biomedical Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University of Galați, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Elena Niculet
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University of Galați, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Pathology, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania.,Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Mihaela Lungu
- Department of Neurology, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania.,Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Cristian Onisor
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University of Galați, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Laura Rebegea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Doinita Vesa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania.,Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Laura Bezman
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University of Galați, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Ophthalmology, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Florin Ciprian Bujoreanu
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, 'Sfanta Cuvioasa Parascheva' Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ionela Sarbu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Raul Mihailov
- Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Department of Neurology, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania.,Department of Pediatrics, 'Sf. Ioan' Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Neurology, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania.,Department of Ophthalmology, 'Sfantul Apostol Andrei' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania.,Research Center in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM, 'Dunarea de Jos' University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
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Melo G, Flausino CS, Darella IK, Miguel AFP, Martins Júnior PA, Rivero ERC. Top 100 most-cited articles on intraoral squamous cell carcinoma and its risk factors: a bibliometric study. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e030. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Melo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC, Brazil
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46
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Mishra MK, Gupta S, Shivangi, Sehgal S. Assessing Long Non-coding RNAs in Tobacco-associated Oral Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:879-888. [PMID: 35747968 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220623115234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the compelling and pegged diseases battled by clinicians and researchers worldwide. Among different types of cancer, oral cancer holds the sixth position globally. With an escalating prevalence in Asian countries, India, China, and Pakistan constitute a large proportion of total incidents of oral cancer patients in terms of new cases or deaths. This mounting prevalence is ascribed to poor oral hygiene and rampant use of substances earmarked as potential risk factors for the disease. Risk factors (dietary/lifestyle habits/occupational/environmental) trigger the activation of oncogenes, dysregulation of lncRNA and miRNA, and silence the tumor suppressor genes, which robustly contributes to the onset and progression of tumorigenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Evidence suggests that specific carcinogens identified in tobacco and related products alter many cellular pathways predisposing to advanced stages of oral cancer. Long non-coding RNAs represent a broad group of heterogenous transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides which do not translate to form functional proteins. They regulate various cellular pathways by specifically interacting with other RNAs, DNA, and proteins. Their role in the pathogenesis of OSCC and other cancer is still being debated. In this review, we discuss the molecular insights of significant lncRNAs involved in some crucial deregulated pathways of tobacco-associated OSCC. The implications and challenges to harnessing the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers in early diagnosis and targeted treatment have also been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Mishra
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu (J&K), India
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital (ASCOMS), Jammu (J&K), India
| | - Shivangi
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu (J&K), India
| | - Shelly Sehgal
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu (J&K), India
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Binmadi N, Harere L, Mattar A, Aljohani S, Alhindi N, Ali S, Almazrooa S. Oral lesions associated with smokeless tobacco users in Saudi Arabia: Single center cross-sectional study. Saudi Dent J 2021; 34:114-120. [PMID: 35241900 PMCID: PMC8864373 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smokeless tobacco (SLT) causes significant harm to the oral cavity and is considered a risk factor for oral cancer. Various forms, products, and patterns of SLT are used across different populations. Many products, such as nicotine and betel nut, have addictive and carcinogenic properties. SLT use is associated with benign, premalignant, or malignant lesions. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of these oral lesions and their association with SLT exposure. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study, performed at our institution’s Faculty of Dentistry, included all the patients with a history of using SLT within a 5-year period at the oral medicine clinic. The patients’ demographic details were collected, and information regarding habit, duration, frequency, site of placement, and history of habit discontinuity were recorded. If a biopsy was performed, the diagnoses were also reported. Results Of the 59 patients included, 89.8% were male and 10.2% were female. SLT lesions in the oral cavity were usually focal lesions (76.3%). The most preferred placement site by SLT users was the mandibular posterior vestibule. Follow-up of SLT patients after quitting or clinical changes in the placement site showed a 92.8% regression or complete healing of the lesions. Of the 59 patients who underwent SLT, 18.6% were diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion This study demonstrated a high percentage of remarkable regression or complete healing of SLT lesions related to early diagnosis and habit change. In contrast, 18.6% of the lesions progressed to SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Binmadi
- Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Oral Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Louae Harere
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajwad Mattar
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suad Aljohani
- Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alhindi
- Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ali
- Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soulafa Almazrooa
- Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Jadgal MS, Alizadeh S, Alizadeh -Siuki H, Sadeghi S, Salehian T, Zareipour M. The effect of theory - Based educational intervention on consumption of smokeless tobacco products by merchants' guilds. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:428. [PMID: 35071634 PMCID: PMC8719556 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_86_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokeless tobacco (SLT) products are highly addictive and contain at least 28 carcinogenic chemicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of theory-based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change on consumption of SLT products by Merchants' Guilds in 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present quasi-experimental research was conducted over one intervention group. The research population consisted of all consumers of the SLT products among the merchants' guilds in Chabahar City, Iran in 2018. Data were gathered from 320 individuals by simple random sampling using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. The intervention program was designed based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change cognitive processes and lasted 6 months. After the intervention, the same questionnaires were administered among the participants. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using the descriptive and analytical tests. RESULTS In the preintervention phase, the participants' mean scores of the cognitive processes at the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages were 29.16 ± 4.63, 25.07 ± 3.84, and 12.12 ± 1.63, respectively. At the postintervention phase, mean scores of the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages reached to 40.5 ± 5.96, 38.8 ± 5.03, and 35.5 ± 4.23, respectively. Furthermore, the participants' mean sores at the action and maintenance stages were 36.4 ± 4.57 and 43.3 ± 3.29, respectively. According to the ANOVA, a significant relationship was found between cognitive processes at the preintervention phase and stages of change (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Individuals can improve from the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation phases to the action and maintenance stages by attending based on Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change educational interventions. It is suggested that the structure of this model be used to reduce high-risk behaviors in other occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeed Jadgal
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Somayeh Alizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hadi Alizadeh -Siuki
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Sadeghi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Salehian
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Moradali Zareipour
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
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Saraswat N, Prabhu N, Pillay R, Everett B, George A. Oral cancer risk behaviours of Indian immigrants in Australia: a qualitative study. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 46:87-94. [PMID: 34821428 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral cancer is widespread in South Asia, particularly India. In Australia, Indians are one of the fastest-growing communities. This study aimed to explore the oral cancer-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of Indian immigrants in Australia. METHODS Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Indian immigrants residing across New South Wales and Victoria. Purposive and snowball sampling were used for recruitment. Data were analysed through a directed content analysis approach. RESULTS All participants were knowledgeable of oral cancer risks associated with tobacco and alcohol, but few were familiar with the harmful effects of areca nut preparations. Varied attitudes were evident with most participants acknowledging the importance of oral cancer check-ups, yet very few followed this practice. All participants admitted engaging in oral cancer risk practices including areca nut use at least once or more in their lifetime. CONCLUSION Oral cancer risk practices are common among Indian immigrants in Australia who possess limited knowledge with varying attitudes in this area. Implications for public health: Preventative strategies are needed to limit the use of oral cancer risk products among Indian immigrants. General practitioners and community organisations can play a key role in raising awareness in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Saraswat
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes and Research Translation (COHORT), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University/South Western Sydney Local Health District/Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, New South Wales
| | - Neeta Prabhu
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales.,Paediatric Dentistry, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Rona Pillay
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, New South Wales
| | - Bronwyn Everett
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes and Research Translation (COHORT), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University/South Western Sydney Local Health District/Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, New South Wales
| | - Ajesh George
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes and Research Translation (COHORT), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University/South Western Sydney Local Health District/Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, New South Wales
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50
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Sunderaraman P, Irani F, Krishnan K, Hundal JS. A narrative review of the biopsychosocial and health characteristics of Asian Indians in the United States: Clinical and research implications for neuropsychological functioning. Clin Neuropsychol 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34818985 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1987524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The prevailing scientific literature aggregates Asians living in America into one omnibus category and thus can problematically result in a subpar and at times inaccurate understanding of health, social and cultural factors necessary for competent and informed medical care. Method: A literature search was conducted by cultural experts familiar with Asian Indian culture with a focus on immigrants from this community living in the US. Database using search engines was sought in the following domains: immigration patterns, prevalence for key medical and neurological conditions commonly associated with cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric/psychological needs in the community, some preliminary neuropsychological testing considerations while working with this community, and treatment considerations that could affect adherence and efficacy of outcomes. Articles were selected from 2000 to the most recent date, with emphasis on compiling information from review papers and meta-analysis from the past decade. Conclusions: Asian Indians living in the US are distinct from the larger Asian American community. Immigration trends underscore that Asian Indians have a bimodal distribution of wealth. Regarding medical conditions, a key and highly concerning finding is the higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, especially in young males. The lack of non-existent cognitive data in this community is glaring and should serve as an impetus for conducting high-priority research in this community. Preliminary neuropsychological testing considerations are discussed from a practical perspective with emphasis on multilingualism and region of origin. Finally, treatment considerations include understanding attitudes and beliefs regarding traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sunderaraman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, G.H.Sergeivsky Center, and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,The Framingham Heart Study - Brain Aging Program, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Kamini Krishnan
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jasdeep S Hundal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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