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Lee KB, Ventosa-Molina J, Fröhlich J. Computational analysis of nasal airflow and its alteration by a nasal dilator. Comput Biol Med 2024; 178:108634. [PMID: 38917531 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Nasal airflow obstruction correlates with several ailments, such as higher patency, increased friction at the mucosal wall or the so-called Little's area, improper air conditioning, and snoring. Nasal dilators are frequently employed, mainly due to their ease of access and use, combined with their non-permanent and non-surgical nature. Their overall efficacy, however, has not been clearly demonstrated so far, with some studies reporting conflicting outcomes, mainly because being based on subjective evaluations. This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations to analyze the flow inside a real nose, performs an objective assessment of a nasal dilator's effect in terms of airflow and air conditioning, reporting flow paths, friction levels, heat and water fluxes and detailed temperature and humidity distributions. Coincidentally, the studied nose presents a septal deviation, with one nostril being wider than the other. The tubes of the dilator used in both nostrils are identical, as with any standard commercial dilator. Consequently, the dilator widens one nostril, as intended, but results in an obstruction in the other. This allows simultaneously addressing two situations, the nominal function of the dilator, as well as an off-design case. Results indicate a 24 % increase in nasal patency in the design situation. The effect, however, is limited, as quantified by appropriate measures, such as the flow-generated friction at the nose surfaces and the temperature fluxes. Hence, the effect of such a dilator in nominal conditions is perhaps not as large as might be hoped. In the off-design situation, nasal resistance increases by 62 %, an undesirable effect, illustrating the consequences of using an inappropriate dilator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun Bum Lee
- Chair for Fluid Dynamics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jordi Ventosa-Molina
- Chair for Fluid Dynamics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Heat Engines Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Jochen Fröhlich
- Chair for Fluid Dynamics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Kunutsor SK, Lehoczki A, Laukkanen JA. The untapped potential of cold water therapy as part of a lifestyle intervention for promoting healthy aging. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01295-w. [PMID: 39078461 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is a crucial goal in aging societies of the western world, with various lifestyle strategies being employed to achieve it. Among these strategies, hydrotherapy stands out for its potential to promote cardiovascular and mental health. Cold water therapy, a hydrotherapy technique, has emerged as a lifestyle strategy with the potential capacity to evoke a wide array of health benefits. This review aims to synthesize the extensive body of research surrounding cold water therapy and its beneficial effects on various health systems as well as the underlying biological mechanisms driving these benefits. We conducted a search for interventional and observational cohort studies from MEDLINE and EMBASE up to July 2024. Deliberate exposure of the body to cold water results in distinct physiological responses that may be linked to several health benefits. Evidence, primarily from small interventional studies, suggests that cold water therapy positively impacts cardiometabolic risk factors, stimulates brown adipose tissue and promotes energy expenditure-potentially reducing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. It also triggers the release of stress hormones, catecholamines and endorphins, enhancing alertness and elevating mood, which may alleviate mental health conditions. Cold water therapy also reduces inflammation, boosts the immune system, promotes sleep and enhances recovery following exercise. The optimal duration and temperature needed to derive maximal benefits is uncertain but current evidence suggests that short-term exposure and lower temperatures may be more beneficial. Overall, cold water therapy presents a potential lifestyle strategy to enhancing physical and mental well-being, promoting healthy aging and extending the healthspan, but definitive interventional evidence is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK.
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Department of Medicine, Finland District, Jyväskylä, Finland
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3
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Bosiacki M, Tarnowski M, Misiakiewicz-Has K, Lubkowska A. The Effect of Cold-Water Swimming on Energy Metabolism, Dynamics, and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Muscles of Aging Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4055. [PMID: 38612863 PMCID: PMC11012857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore the potential positive effects of cold water exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle energy metabolism in aging rats. The study involved 32 male and 32 female rats aged 15 months, randomly assigned to control sedentary animals, animals training in cold water at 5 ± 2 °C, or animals training in water at thermal comfort temperature (36 ± 2 °C). The rats underwent swimming training for nine weeks, gradually increasing the duration of the sessions from 2 min to 4 min per day, five days a week. The results demonstrated that swimming in thermally comfortable water improved the energy metabolism of aging rat muscles (increased metabolic rates expressed as increased ATP, ADP concentration, TAN (total adenine nucleotide) and AEC (adenylate energy charge value)) and increased mRNA and protein expression of fusion regulatory proteins. Similarly, cold-water swimming improved muscle energy metabolism in aging rats, as shown by an increase in muscle energy metabolites and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. It can be concluded that the additive effect of daily activity in cold water influenced both an increase in the rate of energy metabolism in the muscles of the studied animals and an intensification of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics (related to fusion and fragmentation processes). Daily activity in warm water also resulted in an increase in the rate of energy metabolism in muscles, but at the same time did not cause significant changes in mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
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Wei EX, Green A, Chang MT, Hwang PH, Sidell DR, Qian ZJ. Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1450-1456. [PMID: 37589269 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Prior studies have provided variable results regarding environmental risk factors for epistaxis. These studies were conducted in varying climate zones, which may explain discrepancies in results. The objective of this study is to investigate correlations between season, temperature, and humidity on frequency of pediatric epistaxis across climate zones. METHODS Children seen in the outpatient setting for epistaxis were identified from the 2007-2010 IBM MarketScan database. Climate zones were assigned according to International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) classification, where temperature zones in the United States and territories were assigned on an ordinal scale from 1 (tropical) to 8 (subarctic), and humidity zones were categorized as moist, dry, or marine. The control population was a sample of all well-child visits matched by age and county. RESULTS We identified 184,846 unique children seen for epistaxis and 1,897,012 matched controls. Moderate temperature zones were associated with lower odds of epistaxis compared with the hottest and coldest zones. Humidity was associated inversely with epistaxis rates in moderate temperature zones but was not a significant predictor of epistaxis in climates with extreme heat. Additionally, summer was associated with lower odds of epistaxis compared to winter. Interestingly, however, there were significantly higher rates of cautery procedures during summer months, driven largely by increased procedures performed in clinic, as opposed to the operating room or emergency room. CONCLUSIONS Environmental risk factors for epistaxis vary by climate zone. The model presented reconciles prior reports and may allow for more personalized clinical management based on regional climate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:1450-1456, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric X Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Allen Green
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Michael T Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
- Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Peter H Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
- Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Douglas R Sidell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Z Jason Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
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Ganmaa D, Chinbayar T, Khudaykov P, Nasantogtoh E, Ariunbuyan S, Enkhtsetseg T, Sarangua G, Chan A, Tserendagva D. Latent TB Infection, Vitamin D Status and COVID-19 Severity in Mongolian Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:3979. [PMID: 37764763 PMCID: PMC10536319 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine potential risk factors for COVID-19 severity including serum vitamin D levels and latent TB infection among Mongolian inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19, and to study the effects of disease complications and treatment outcomes. This study included patients admitted to the Mongolian National Center for Communicable Disease, a main referral center for infectious disease in Mongolia, with COVID-19 ascertained by a positive PCR test. Patients' demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. Of the 270 patients enrolled, 125 (46%) had mild-to-moderate illness, 86 (32%) had severe illness, and 59 (22%) had critical illness. Ten (91%) of the 11 patients who had active TB were hospitalized with severe or critical COVID-19, suggesting that they had a higher risk of falling into the severe category (OR = 10.6 [1.2; 92.0] 95% CI). Severe vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL) was present in 32% of the patients, but was not significantly associated with the severity of illness (p = 0.65). Older age, being male, having active TB and/or COPD were associated with greater COVID-19 severity, whereas a history of COVID-19 vaccination and the presence of a BCG vaccination scar were protective in terms of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaasambuu Ganmaa
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tserendorj Chinbayar
- National Center for Communicable Disease, Ulaanbaatar 13335, Mongolia; (T.C.); (G.S.)
| | | | | | - Sukhbaatar Ariunbuyan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | | | - Ganbold Sarangua
- National Center for Communicable Disease, Ulaanbaatar 13335, Mongolia; (T.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Dalkh Tserendagva
- International School of Mongolian Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia;
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Wang P, Chen C, Wang X, Zhang N, Lv D, Li W, Peng F, Wang X. Does seasonality affect snoring? A study based on international data from the past decade. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1297-1307. [PMID: 36219385 PMCID: PMC9552723 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though snoring is often regarded as a harmless condition that coincides with sound sleep, it is a sleep disorder that can be a potential indicator of more severe conditions such as sleep apnea syndrome. In the present study, we investigated the association between seasonal variations and snoring. METHOD Search index for snoring (SIS) data were obtained from Google Trends and Baidu Index. SIS data were collected for the USA, India, Germany, Russia, Japan, Australia, China, and Brazil from 2011 to 2020, with the periodicity of the relationship between seasonal time series data and snoring evaluated using a time series decomposition model. RESULT The highest average SIS growth rates from 2011 to 2020 were observed for Brazil, Japan, and Germany, with average SIS values of 94%, 68%, and 49%, respectively. The SIS of the USA, Russia, Japan, Brazil, Australia, Germany, and India increased by 22.3%, 12.4%, 11.9%, 35.4%, 12.3%, 28.0%, and 55.8%, respectively, in comparison with their SIS values in 2019, whereas for China, it decreased by 13.7%. Relative to countries in the southern hemisphere, those in the northern hemisphere showed comparable SIS trends, increasing from September to February and decreasing from March to August. CONCLUSION The SIS data showed cyclical changes over the study period. The search index for snoring increased during the cold season or the heating season, suggesting that snoring is associated with seasonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xingwei Wang
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Ningling Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Danyang Lv
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China.
| | - Fulai Peng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, China.
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Ciprandi G, Varriccchio A. Sobrerol: New Perspectives to Manage Patients with Frequent Respiratory Infections. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1210. [PMID: 37508708 PMCID: PMC10378669 DOI: 10.3390/children10071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are usually characterized by mucus hypersecretion. This condition may worsen and prolong symptoms and signs. For this reason, reducing mucus production and improving mucus removal represent relevant aspects of managing patients with RTIs. In this regard, mucoactive drugs may be effective. Mucoactive agents constitute a large class of compounds characterized by different mechanisms of action. Sobrerol is a monoterpene able to fluidify mucus, increase mucociliary clearance, and exert antioxidant activity. Sobrerol is available in various formulations (granules, syrup, nebulized, and suppository). Sobrerol has been on the market for over 50 years. Therefore, the present article revised the evidence concerning this compound and proposed new possible strategies. The literature analysis showed that several studies investigated the efficacy and safety of sobrerol in acute and chronic RTIs characterized by mucus hyperproduction. Seven pediatric studies have been conducted with favorable outcomes. However, the regulatory agencies recently reduced the treatment duration to three days. Therefore, a future study will test the hypothesis that a combination of oral and topical sobrerol could benefit children and adults with frequent respiratory tract infections. The rationale of this new approach is based on the concept that mucus accumulation could be a risk factor for increased susceptibility to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Center, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Attilio Varriccchio
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
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Ortiz M, Koch AK, Cramer H, Linde K, Rotter G, Teut M, Brinkhaus B, Haller H. Clinical effects of Kneipp hydrotherapy: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070951. [PMID: 37423627 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydrotherapy is a traditional prevention and treatment strategy. This study's aim is to systematically review all available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating clinical effects of hydrotherapy according to Kneipp which is characterised by cold water applications. METHODS RCTs on disease therapy and prevention with Kneipp hydrotherapy were included. Study participants were patients and healthy volunteers of all age groups. MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Central, CAMbase, and opengrey.eu were systematically searched through April 2021 without language restrictions and updated by searching PubMed until April 6th 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool version 1.ResultsTwenty RCTs (N=4247) were included. Due to high heterogeneity of the RCTs, no meta-analysis was performed. Risk of bias was rated as unclear in most of the domains. Of 132 comparisons, 46 showed significant positive effects in favour of hydrotherapy on chronic venous insufficiency, menopausal symptoms, fever, cognition, emotional function and sickness absenteeism. However, 81 comparisons showed no differences between groups and 5 were in favour of the respective control group. Only half of the studies reported safety issues. CONCLUSION Although RCTs on Kneipp hydrotherapy seem to show positive effects in some conditions and outcomes, it remains difficult to ascertain treatment effects due to the high risk of bias and heterogeneity of most of the considered studies. Further high-quality RCTs on Kneipp hydrotherapy are urgently warranted. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021237611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ortiz
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Katharina Koch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Linde
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Rotter
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Teut
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benno Brinkhaus
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidemarie Haller
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Planetary Health, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Li L. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise and the Underlying Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091787. [PMID: 37174325 PMCID: PMC10178086 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term, high-intensity exercise can trigger stress response pathways in multiple organs, including the heart and lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal muscle, and neuroendocrine system, thus affecting their material and energy metabolism, immunity, oxidative stress, and endocrine function, and reducing exercise function. As a natural, safe, and convenient nutritional supplement, probiotics have been a hot research topic in the field of biomedical health in recent years. Numerous studies have shown that probiotic supplementation improves the health of the body through the gut-brain axis and the gut-muscle axis, and probiotic supplementation may also improve the stress response and motor function of the body. This paper reviews the progress of research on the role of probiotic supplementation in material and energy metabolism, intestinal barrier function, immunity, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine function, and the health status of the body, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruhao Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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10
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Lim JT, Tan KB, Abisheganaden J, Dickens BL. Forecasting upper respiratory tract infection burden using high-dimensional time series data and forecast combinations. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010892. [PMID: 36749792 PMCID: PMC9983836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) represent a large strain on primary health resources. To mitigate URTI transmission and public health burdens, it is important to pre-empt and provide forward guidance on URTI burden, while taking into account various facets which influence URTI transmission. This is so that appropriate public health measures can be taken to mitigate strain on primary care resources. This study describes a new approach to forecasting URTIs which can be used for national public health resource planning. Specifically, using environmental and disease data comprising more than 1000 dimensions, we developed sub-models which optimizes model explainability, in-sample model fit, predictive accuracy and combines many weaker predictors over a 2-month time horizon to generate direct, point forecasts over a 1-8 week ahead forecast horizon. Predictive performance was evaluated using rolling out-of-sample forecast assessment within both periods with/without structural breaks in transmission over the period of 2012-2022. We showed that forecast combinations of 5 other forecasting models had better and more consistent predictive performance than other modelling approaches, over periods with and without structural breaks in transmission dynamics. Furthermore, epidemiological analysis on high dimensional data was enabled using post-selection inference, to show the dynamic association between lower temperature, increases in past relative humidity and absolute humidity and increased URTIs attendance. The methods proposed can be used for outbreak preparedness and guide healthcare resource planning, in both stable periods of transmission and periods where structural breaks in data occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Tao Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Kelvin Bryan Tan
- Ministry of Health, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Abisheganaden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Borame L. Dickens
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Tong M, Wondmagegn B, Xiang J, Hansen A, Dear K, Pisaniello D, Varghese B, Xiao J, Jian L, Scalley B, Nitschke M, Nairn J, Bambrick H, Karnon J, Bi P. Hospitalization Costs of Respiratory Diseases Attributable to Temperature in Australia and Projections for Future Costs in the 2030s and 2050s under Climate Change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159706. [PMID: 35955062 PMCID: PMC9368165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate respiratory disease hospitalization costs attributable to ambient temperatures and to estimate the future hospitalization costs in Australia. The associations between daily hospitalization costs for respiratory diseases and temperatures in Sydney and Perth over the study period of 2010-2016 were analyzed using distributed non-linear lag models. Future hospitalization costs were estimated based on three predicted climate change scenarios-RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The estimated respiratory disease hospitalization costs attributable to ambient temperatures increased from 493.2 million Australian dollars (AUD) in the 2010s to more than AUD 700 million in 2050s in Sydney and from AUD 98.0 million to about AUD 150 million in Perth. The current cold attributable fraction in Sydney (23.7%) and Perth (11.2%) is estimated to decline by the middle of this century to (18.1-20.1%) and (5.1-6.6%), respectively, while the heat-attributable fraction for respiratory disease is expected to gradually increase from 2.6% up to 5.5% in Perth. Limitations of this study should be noted, such as lacking information on individual-level exposures, local air pollution levels, and other behavioral risks, which is common in such ecological studies. Nonetheless, this study found both cold and hot temperatures increased the overall hospitalization costs for respiratory diseases, although the attributable fractions varied. The largest contributor was cold temperatures. While respiratory disease hospitalization costs will increase in the future, climate change may result in a decrease in the cold attributable fraction and an increase in the heat attributable fraction, depending on the location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tong
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Berhanu Wondmagegn
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jianjun Xiang
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Alana Hansen
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Keith Dear
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Blesson Varghese
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jianguo Xiao
- Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6004, Australia
| | - Le Jian
- Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6004, Australia
| | - Benjamin Scalley
- Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6004, Australia
| | - Monika Nitschke
- Department of Health, Government of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John Nairn
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QL 4000, Australia
| | - Jonathan Karnon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8313-3583
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12
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Susceptibility to the Common Cold Virus is Associated with Day Length. iScience 2022; 25:104789. [PMID: 35982792 PMCID: PMC9379560 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms are endogenous timing mechanisms that allow animals living at temperate latitudes to synchronize their physiology to the seasons. Human viral respiratory disease is prevalent in the winter at temperate latitudes, but the role of endogenous mechanisms in these recurring annual patterns is unclear. The Common Cold Project is a repository of data describing the experimental viral challenge of 1,337 participants across the seasons of the year. We report a secondary analysis of these data to investigate if susceptibility to the common cold is associated with day length. The majority of the participants (78%) showed signs of infection but only 32% developed clinical signs of disease, and the probability of infection was significantly higher in longer day lengths (summer), but the disease was more likely in short (winter) day lengths. The persistence of winter disease patterns in experimental conditions supports the role of endogenous seasonality in human susceptibility to viral infection. Outbreaks of viral respiratory disease recur in winter in the northern hemisphere In controlled experiments, common cold infection was more likely in summer Infection was more likely to progress to the development of cold in winter Innate seasonality of human immunity could affect the prevalence of the common cold
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13
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Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Pathology and Long-Term Implications for Brain Health. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:781-794. [PMID: 35810128 PMCID: PMC9212891 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Early intervention with Kan Jang® to treat upper-respiratory tract infections: A randomized, quadruple-blind study. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:552-562. [PMID: 34765519 PMCID: PMC8572720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Andrographis paniculata and Eleutherococcus senticosus preparations and their fixed combination, called Kan Jang®, are traditionally used for relieving symptoms of upper-respiratory tract infections (URTIs). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of early intervention with Kan Jang® on the relief and duration of inflammatory symptoms during the acute phase of the disease. Experimental procedure A total of 179 patients with URTI symptoms received six Kan Jang® (daily dose of andrographolides: 60 mg) or placebo capsules a day for five consecutive days in this randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-parallel-group phase II study. The primary efficacy outcomes were the decrease in the acute-phase duration and the mean URTI symptoms score (sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, hoarseness, cough, headache, and fatigue). Results Early intervention with Kan Jang® significantly increased the recovery rate and reduced the number of sick leave days by >21% (0.64/day) relative to that observed in the placebo group (2.38 vs. 3.02 days, p = 0.0053). Kan Jang® significantly alleviated all URTI symptoms starting from the second day of treatment. A superior anti-inflammatory effect of Kan Jang® to that of placebo was also observed on the white blood cell count (p = 0.007) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.0258). Treatment with Kan Jang® was tolerated well. Conclusion This study demonstrates that early intervention with Kan Jang® capsules reduces the recovery duration of patients by 21% and significantly relieves the severity of typical URTI symptoms.
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Key Words
- Andrographis paniculata
- Clinical trial
- ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- Eleutherococcus senticosus
- FI, farb (colour) index
- GCP, good clinical practice
- GMP, good manufacturing practice
- ICH, international conference on harmonization
- Inflammation.
- Kan Jang®
- OR, odds ratio
- QP, qualified pharmacist
- RBC, red blood cell
- TSS, total symptom score
- URTI, upper respiratory tract infection
- Upper-respiratory tract infections
- VAS, visual analog scale
- WBC, white blood cell
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15
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Royé D, Tobías A, Figueiras A, Gestal S, Taracido M, Santurtun A, Iñiguez C. Temperature-related effects on respiratory medical prescriptions in Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111695. [PMID: 34284016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased risk of mortality during periods of high and low temperatures has been well established. However, most of the studies used daily counts of deaths or hospitalisations as health outcomes, although they are the ones at the top of the health impact pyramid reflecting only a limited proportion of patients with the most severe cases. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the relationship between short-term exposure to the daily mean temperature and medication prescribed for the respiratory system in five Spanish cities. METHODS We fitted time series regression models to cause-specific medical prescriptions, including different respiratory subgroups and age groups. We included a distributed lag non-linear model with lags up to 14 days for daily mean temperature. City-specific associations were summarised as overall-cumulative exposure-response curves. RESULTS We found a positive association between cause-specific medical prescriptions and daily mean temperature with a non-linear inverted J- or V-shaped relationship in most cities. Between 0.3% and 0.6% of all respiratory prescriptions were attributed to cold for Madrid, Zaragoza and Pamplona, while in cities with only cold effects the attributable fractions were estimated as 19.2% for Murcia and 13.5% for Santander. Heat effects in Madrid, Zaragoza and Pamplona showed higher fractions between 8.7% and 17.2%. The estimated costs are in general higher for heat effects, showing annual values ranging between €191,905 and €311,076 for heat per 100,000 persons. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence of the effects of the thermal environment on the prescription of medication for respiratory disorders in Spain, showing that low and high temperatures lead to an increase in the number of such prescriptions. The consumption of medication can reflect exposure to the environment with a lesser degree of severity in terms of morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Royé
- Department of Geography, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Aurelio Tobías
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Adolfo Figueiras
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santiago Gestal
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Hospital of Montecelo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Margarita Taracido
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Santurtun
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Environmental factors and their role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021; 3:235-237. [PMID: 34401711 PMCID: PMC8357490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In December of 2019, several cases of atypical pneumonia caused by an unknown agent were reported in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province in China. In early January 2020, it was announced that these cases were caused by a novel coronavirus. The virus was later named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes a disease associated with atypical pneumonia termed Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses and influenza viruses tend to have prominent peaks of infection during colder seasons, especially in temperate regions. The cold temperatures, along with accompanying dry conditions can drive respiratory tract infections by assisting with viral transmission, weakening the human immune system, and increasing viral molecular stability. Though the topic of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and warm weather has been associated with misinformation campaigns, it is worth investigating since an informative answer may give an indication of the future behavior of SARS-CoV-2.
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17
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Cunningham L, Nicholson PJ, O’Connor J, McFadden JP. Cold working environments as an occupational risk factor for COVID-19. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 71:245-247. [PMID: 33247303 PMCID: PMC7798832 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cunningham
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | | | - Jane O’Connor
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
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18
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Hu L, Deng WJ, Ying GG, Hong H. Environmental perspective of COVID-19: Atmospheric and wastewater environment in relation to pandemic. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112297. [PMID: 33991934 PMCID: PMC8086803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major challenge to health systems worldwide. Recently, numbers of epidemiological studies have illustrated that climate conditions and air pollutants are associated with the COVID-19 confirmed cases worldwide. Researches also suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in fecal and wastewater samples. These findings provided the possibility of preventing and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic from an environmental perspective. With this review, the main purpose is to summarize the relationship between the atmospheric and wastewater environment and COVID-19. In terms of the atmospheric environment, the evidence of the relationship between atmospheric environment (climate factors and air pollution) and COVID-19 is growing, but currently available data and results are various. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze their associations to provide constructive suggestions in responding to the pandemic. Recently, large numbers of studies have shown the widespread presence of this virus in wastewater and the feasibility of wastewater surveillance when the pandemic is ongoing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify the occurrence and implication of viruses in wastewater and to understand the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology of pandemic. Overall, environmental perspective-based COVID-19 studies can provide new insight into pandemic prevention and control, and minimizes the economic cost for COVID-19 in areas with a large outbreak or a low economic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Hu
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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19
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Pedder H, Kapwata T, Howard G, Naidoo RN, Kunene Z, Morris RW, Mathee A, Wright CY. Lagged Association between Climate Variables and Hospital Admissions for Pneumonia in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126191. [PMID: 34201085 PMCID: PMC8228646 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization in South Africa. Climate change could potentially affect its incidence via changes in meteorological conditions. We investigated the delayed effects of temperature and relative humidity on pneumonia hospital admissions at two large public hospitals in Limpopo province, South Africa. Using 4062 pneumonia hospital admission records from 2007 to 2015, a time-varying distributed lag non-linear model was used to estimate temperature-lag and relative humidity-lag pneumonia relationships. Mean temperature, relative humidity and diurnal temperature range were all significantly associated with pneumonia admissions. Cumulatively across the 21-day period, higher mean daily temperature (30 °C relative to 21 °C) was most strongly associated with a decreased rate of hospital admissions (relative rate ratios (RR): 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14–0.82), whereas results were suggestive of lower mean daily temperature (12 °C relative to 21 °C) being associated with an increased rate of admissions (RR: 1.27, 95%CI: 0.75–2.16). Higher relative humidity (>80%) was associated with fewer hospital admissions while low relative humidity (<30%) was associated with increased admissions. A proportion of pneumonia admissions were attributable to changes in meteorological variables, and our results indicate that even small shifts in their distributions (e.g., due to climate change) could lead to substantial changes in their burden. These findings can inform a better understanding of the health implications of climate change and the burden of hospital admissions for pneumonia now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pedder
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK; (H.P.); (R.W.M.)
| | - Thandi Kapwata
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (T.K.); (Z.K.); (A.M.)
- Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Guy Howard
- School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK;
| | - Rajen N. Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Zamantimande Kunene
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (T.K.); (Z.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Richard W. Morris
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK; (H.P.); (R.W.M.)
| | - Angela Mathee
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (T.K.); (Z.K.); (A.M.)
- Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Caradee Y. Wright
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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The Influence of Air Pollutants and Meteorological Conditions on the Hospitalization for Respiratory Diseases in Shenzhen City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105120. [PMID: 34065982 PMCID: PMC8151817 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Air pollutants have significant direct and indirect adverse effects on public health. To explore the relationship between air pollutants and meteorological conditions on the hospitalization for respiratory diseases, we collected a whole year of daily major air pollutants’ concentrations from Shenzhen city in 2013, including Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), and Carbon monoxide (CO). Meanwhile, we also gained meteorological data. This study collected 109,927 patients cases with diseases of the respiratory system from 98 hospitals. We investigated the influence of meteorological factors on air pollution by Spearman correlation analysis. Then, we tested the short-term correlation between significant air pollutants and respiratory diseases’ hospitalization by Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM). There was a significant negative correlation between the north wind and NO2 and a significant negative correlation between the south wind and six pollutants. Except for CO, other air pollutants were significantly correlated with the number of hospitalized patients during the lag period. Most of the pollutants reached maximum Relative Risk (RR) with a lag of five days. When the time lag was five days, the annual average of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 increased by 10%, and the risk of hospitalization for the respiratory system increased by 0.29%, 0.23%, 0.22%, 0.25%, and 0.22%, respectively. All the pollutants except CO impact the respiratory system’s hospitalization in a short period, and PM10 has the most significant impact. The results are helpful for pollution control from a public health perspective.
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21
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Linssen RS, den Hollander B, Bont L, van Woensel JBM, Bem RA. The Association between Weather Conditions and Admissions to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050567. [PMID: 34067031 PMCID: PMC8150834 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a leading cause of global child morbidity and mortality. Every year, seasonal RSV outbreaks put high pressure on paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) worldwide, including in the Netherlands, and this burden appears to be increasing. Weather conditions have a strong influence on RSV activity, and climate change has been proposed as a potential important determinant of future RSV-related health care utilisation. In this national study spanning a total of 13 years with 2161 PICU admissions for RSV bronchiolitis, we aimed (1) to identify meteorological variables that were associated with the number of PICU admissions for RSV bronchiolitis in the Netherlands and (2) to determine if longitudinal changes in these variables occurred over time as a possible explanation for the observed increase in PICU burden. Poisson regression modelling was used to identify weather variables (aggregated in months and weeks) that predicted PICU admissions, and linear regression analysis was used to assess changes in the weather over time. Maximum temperature and global radiation best predicted PICU admissions, with global radiation showing the most stable strength of effect in both month and week data. However, we did not observe a significant change in these weather variables over the 13-year time period. Based on our study, we could not identify changing weather conditions as a potential contributing factor to the increased RSV-related PICU burden in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie S. Linssen
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.d.H.); (J.B.M.v.W.); (R.A.B.)
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) and the Amsterdam Infection & Immunity (AR&I) Research Institutes Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-56-62453-E
| | - Bibiche den Hollander
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.d.H.); (J.B.M.v.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Louis Bont
- UMCU Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, 3703 CD Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Job B. M. van Woensel
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.d.H.); (J.B.M.v.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Reinout A. Bem
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.d.H.); (J.B.M.v.W.); (R.A.B.)
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The effect of air temperature on hospital admission of adults with community acquired pneumonia in Baotou, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9353. [PMID: 33931697 PMCID: PMC8087821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between air temperature and the hospital admission of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was analyzed. The hospitalization data pertaining to adult CAP patients (age ≥ 18 years) in two tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China from 2014 to 2018 and meteorological data there in the corresponding period were collected. The exposure-response relationship between the daily average temperature and the hospital admission of adult CAP patients was quantified by using a distributed lag non-linear model. A total of 4466 cases of adult patients with CAP were admitted. After eliminating some confounding factors such as relative humidity, wind speed, air pressure, long-term trend, and seasonal trend, a lower temperature was found to be associated with a higher risk of adult CAP. Compared to 21 °C, lower temperature range of 4 to -12 °C was associated with a greater number of CAP hospitalizations among those aged ≥ 65 years, and the highest relative risk (RR) was 2.80 (95% CI 1.15-6.80) at a temperature of - 10 °C. For those < 65 years, lower temperature was not related to CAP hospitalizations. Cumulative lag RRs of low temperature with CAP hospitalizations indicate that the risk associated with colder temperatures appeared at a lag of 0-7 days. For those ≥ 65 years, the cumulative RR of CAP hospitalizations over lagging days 0-5 was 1.89 (95% CI 1.01-3. 56). In brief, the lower temperature had age-specific effects on CAP hospitalizations in Baotou, China, especially among those aged ≥ 65 years.
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23
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Knechtle B, Waśkiewicz Z, Sousa CV, Hill L, Nikolaidis PT. Cold Water Swimming-Benefits and Risks: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8984. [PMID: 33276648 PMCID: PMC7730683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cold water swimming (winter or ice swimming) has a long tradition in northern countries. Until a few years ago, ice swimming was practiced by very few extreme athletes. For some years now, ice swimming has been held as competitions in ice-cold water (colder than 5 °C). The aim of this overview is to present the current status of benefits and risks for swimming in cold water. When cold water swimming is practiced by experienced people with good health in a regular, graded and adjusted mode, it appears to bring health benefits. However, there is a risk of death in unfamiliar people, either due to the initial neurogenic cold shock response or due to a progressive decrease in swimming efficiency or hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Zbigniew Waśkiewicz
- Institute of Sport Science, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation Moscow, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 19c1 Moscow, Russia
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lee Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada;
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Audi A, AlIbrahim M, Kaddoura M, Hijazi G, Yassine HM, Zaraket H. Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections: Will COVID-19 Follow Suit? Front Public Health 2020; 8:567184. [PMID: 33042956 PMCID: PMC7522168 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.567184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses, are known to have a high incidence of infection during winter, especially in temperate regions. Dry and cold conditions during winter are the major drivers for increased respiratory tract infections as they increase virus stability and transmission and weaken the host immune system. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China in December 2020 and swiftly spread across the globe causing substantial health and economic burdens. Several countries are battling with the second wave of the virus after a devastating first wave of spread, while some are still in the midst of their first wave. It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 will eventually become seasonal or will continue to circulate year-round. In an attempt to address this question, we review the current knowledge regarding the seasonality of respiratory viruses including coronaviruses and the viral and host factors that govern their seasonal pattern. Moreover, we discuss the properties of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential impact of meteorological factors on its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Audi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Disease Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Malak AlIbrahim
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Disease Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Malak Kaddoura
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Disease Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghina Hijazi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Disease Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center and College of Health Sciences-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Disease Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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25
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Potter MR, Chen JH, Lobban NS, Doty RL. Olfactory dysfunction from acute upper respiratory infections: relationship to season of onset. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:706-712. [PMID: 32282136 PMCID: PMC7262030 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute viral upper respiratory tract infections are the most common cause of chronic olfactory dysfunction. In light of the seasonality of numerous viruses, the question arises as to whether the frequency and magnitude of postviral olfactory disorders (PVODs) are similarly seasonal. We sought to determine whether olfactory deficits due to influenza and non-influenza-related viruses (I-PVODs and NI-PVODs) vary in frequency or magnitude across seasons in a North American population and whether they are more prevalent or produce more severe olfactory dysfunction during colder months when host susceptibility may be increased. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 587 patients presenting to an academic smell and taste center with either I-PVOD-related or NI-PVOD-related olfactory deficits. Chi-square and analysis of covariance (age = covariate) compared dysfunction prevalence frequencies and scores on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) across calendar months and between months with the coldest and warmest air temperatures. RESULTS For I-PVOD-related cases, both the prevalence and magnitude of smell dysfunction were highest in the colder months. However, for NI-PVOD-related cases, prevalence was higher in warmer months but, paradoxically, the magnitude of dysfunction was higher in colder months. CONCLUSION This study shows that seasonal variations occur in both the prevalence and magnitude of PVOD-related olfactory deficits in a North American population, and that such variations differ between NI-PVOD and I-PVOD cases. The findings suggest multiple viruses are involved in producing PVOD-related olfactory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Potter
- Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nina-Simone Lobban
- Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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26
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Liu DT, Besser G, Parzefall T, Riss D, Mueller CA. Winter peaks in web-based public inquiry into epistaxis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:1977-1985. [PMID: 32180015 PMCID: PMC7286850 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epistaxis represents the most frequent ear, nose, throat-related emergency symptom. Seasonal variation in epistaxis incidence, with peaks during winter months, is widely accepted, although the literature itself remains inconclusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate public inquiry into nose bleeding, by considering Google-based search query frequency on "Epistaxis"-related search terms and to assess possible seasonal variations globally. METHODS Epistaxis-related search terms were systematically collected and compared using Google Trends (GT). Relative search volumes for the most relevant epistaxis-related terms, covering a timeframe from 2004 to 2019 were analysed using cosinor time series analysis for the United States of America, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. RESULTS Graphical representation revealed seasonal variations with peaks during winter months in the majority of countries included. Subsequent cosinor analysis revealed these variations to be significant (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Public interest in seeking epistaxis-related information through the Internet displayed seasonal patterns in countries from both hemispheres, with the highest interest during winter months. Further studies exploring causality with environmental factors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tianxiang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerold Besser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Parzefall
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Riss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian A Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Bogner J. [Flu-like disease in summer - what do we know about it?]. MMW Fortschr Med 2019; 161:39-43. [PMID: 31230309 PMCID: PMC7100306 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-019-0657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Durchsucht man die deutschsprachige medizinische Literatur nach dem Begriff „Sommergrippe“, scheitert man kläglich. Jeder glaubt zu wissen, was damit gemeint ist, doch keiner schreibt darüber. Ist das überhaupt ein seriöses Thema?
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bogner
- Sektion Klinische Infektiologie, Med. Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Univ. München, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, D-80336, München, Deutschland.
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28
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Sohn S, Cho W, Kim JA, Altaluoni A, Hong K, Chun BC. 'Pneumonia Weather': Short-term Effects of Meteorological Factors on Emergency Room Visits Due to Pneumonia in Seoul, Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2019; 52:82-91. [PMID: 30971074 PMCID: PMC6459762 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.18.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Many studies have explored the relationship between short-term weather and its health effects (including pneumonia) based on mortality, although both morbidity and mortality pose a substantial burden. In this study, the authors aimed to describe the influence of meteorological factors on the number of emergency room (ER) visits due to pneumonia in Seoul, Korea. Methods Daily records of ER visits for pneumonia over a 6-year period (2009-2014) were collected from the National Emergency Department Information System. Corresponding meteorological data were obtained from the National Climate Data Service System. A generalized additive model was used to analyze the effects. The percent change in the relative risk of certain meteorological variables, including pneumonia temperature (defined as the change in average temperature from one day to the next), were estimated for specific age groups. Results A total of 217 776 ER visits for pneumonia were identified. The additional risk associated with a 1°C increase in pneumonia temperature above the threshold of 6°C was 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 to 2.61). Average temperature and diurnal temperature range, representing within-day temperature variance, showed protective effects of 0.07 (95% CI, 0.92 to 0.93) and 0.04 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98), respectively. However, in the elderly (65+ years), the effect of pneumonia temperature was inconclusive, and the directionality of the effects of average temperature and diurnal temperature range differed. Conclusions The term ‘pneumonia temperature’ is valid. Pneumonia temperature was associated with an increased risk of ER visits for pneumonia, while warm average temperatures and large diurnal temperature ranges showed protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonju Cho
- Korea University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin A Kim
- Korea University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alaa Altaluoni
- Korea University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Summertime, and the livin’ is easy: Winter and summer pseudoseasonal life expectancy in the United States. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2017.37.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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30
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Acute effects of ambient temperature and particulate air pollution on fractional exhaled nitric oxide: A panel study among diabetic patients in Shanghai, China. J Epidemiol 2017. [PMID: 28645522 PMCID: PMC5623015 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown the associations of ambient temperature and particulate matter (PM) air pollution with respiratory morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well characterized. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of temperature and fine and coarse PM with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a well-established biomarker of respiratory inflammation. Methods We conducted a longitudinal panel study involving six repeated FeNO tests among 33 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from April to June 2013 in Shanghai, China. Hourly temperature and PM concentrations were obtained from a nearby fixed-site monitoring station. We then explored the associations between temperature, PM, and FeNO using linear mixed-effect models incorporated with distributed lag nonlinear models for the lagged and nonlinear associations. The interactions between temperature and PM were evaluated using stratification analyses. Results We found that both low and high temperature, as well as increased fine and coarse PM, were significantly associated with FeNO. The cumulative relative risk of FeNO was 1.75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–2.94) comparing 15 °C to the referent temperature (24 °C) over lags 0–9 days. A 10 μg/m3 increase in fine and coarse PM concentrations were associated with 1.18% (95% CI, 0.18–2.20) and 1.85% (95% CI, 0.62–3.09) FeNO in lag 0–1 days, respectively. PM had stronger effects on cool days than on warm days. Conclusions This study suggested low ambient temperature, fine PM, and coarse PM might elevate the levels of respiratory inflammation. Our findings may help understand the epidemiological evidence linking temperature, particulate air pollution, and respiratory health. Both low and high temperatures were significantly associated with FeNO. The increases of fine and coarse PM concentrations were associated with FeNO. Both fine and coarse PM had stronger effects in cool days.
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31
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Zhang H, Li L, Jia H, Liu Y, Wen J, Wu A, Lu Q, Hou T, Yang Y, Yang H, Li W, Zong Z. Surveillance of Dialysis Events: one-year experience at 33 outpatient hemodialysis centers in China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:249. [PMID: 28325945 PMCID: PMC5428283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A multicenter prospective surveillance on dialysis events was carried in 33 dialysis centers in China. Maintenance hemodialysis (HD) outpatients who were dialyzed on the first two days of each month during 2014 were monitored for dialysis events and other infections. During the one-year period, 52,680 patient-months were monitored. Fistula and tunneled or non-tunneled central line were used for 73.70%, 15.70% and 8.85% of vascular access, respectively. There were 773 dialysis events occurred in 671 patients including 589 IV antimicrobial starts, 74 positive blood cultures and 110 local access site infections (LASI). The incidence of dialysis events was 1.47 per 100 patient-months. Among the 74 cases with bloodstream infection (BSI), 38 were access-related BSI (ARB) and there were therefore 148 cases with vascular-related infection (VAI; 38 ARB and 110 LASI). There were 740 cases (1.40 per 100 patient-months) with infections other than BSI and LASI, most (79.19%) of which were respiratory tract infections. For those with dialysis events, there were 425 cases (425/671, 63.34%) admitted to hospital and 12 cases of death (12/671, 1.79%). In conclusion, the surveillance revealed a relatively low incidence of dialysis events and the surveillance may be tailored to target those using central lines in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuyi Li
- Department of Infection Control, First People's Hospital of Beijing University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixue Jia
- Department of Infection Control, First People's Hospital of Beijing University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxi Liu
- Department of Infection Control, Peoples Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Infection Control, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Infection Control, the first hospital affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tieying Hou
- Department of Infection Control, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Infection Control, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huai Yang
- Department of Infection Control, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- Department of Infection Control, Shandong Province Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zong
- Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Dayal A, Rhee JS, Garcia GJM. Impact of Middle versus Inferior Total Turbinectomy on Nasal Aerodynamics. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:518-25. [PMID: 27165673 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816644915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This computational study aims to (1) use virtual surgery to theoretically investigate the maximum possible change in nasal aerodynamics after turbinate surgery, (2) quantify the relative contributions of the middle and inferior turbinates to nasal resistance and air conditioning, and (3) quantify to what extent total turbinectomy impairs the nasal air-conditioning capacity. STUDY DESIGN Virtual surgery and computational fluid dynamics. SETTING Academic tertiary medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ten patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy were studied. Three-dimensional models of their nasal anatomies were built according to presurgery computed tomography scans. Virtual surgery was applied to create models representing either total inferior turbinectomy (TIT) or total middle turbinectomy (TMT). Airflow, heat transfer, and humidity transport were simulated at a steady-state inhalation rate of 15 L/min. The surface area stimulated by mucosal cooling was defined as the area where heat fluxes exceed 50 W/m(2). RESULTS In both virtual total turbinectomy models, nasal resistance decreased and airflow increased. However, the surface area where heat fluxes exceed 50 W/m(2) either decreased (TIT) or did not change significantly (TMT), suggesting that total turbinectomy may reduce the stimulation of cold receptors by inspired air. Nasal heating and humidification efficiencies decreased significantly after both TIT and TMT. All changes were greater in the TIT models than in the TMT models. CONCLUSION TIT yields greater increases in nasal airflow but also impairs the nasal air-conditioning capacity to a greater extent than TMT. Radical resection of the turbinates may decrease the surface area stimulated by mucosal cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Dayal
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John S Rhee
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Guilherme J M Garcia
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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