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Chaudhary MT, Majeed S, Rana IA, Ali Z, Jia Y, Du X, Hinze L, Azhar MT. Impact of salinity stress on cotton and opportunities for improvement through conventional and biotechnological approaches. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38166652 PMCID: PMC10759391 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Excess salinity can affect the growth and development of all plants. Salinization jeopardizes agroecosystems, induces oxidative reactions in most cultivated plants and reduces biomass which affects crop yield. Some plants are affected more than others, depending upon their ability to endure the effects of salt stress. Cotton is moderately tolerant to salt stress among cultivated crops. The fundamental tenet of plant breeding is genetic heterogeneity in available germplasm for acquired characteristics. Variation for salinity tolerance enhancing parameters (morphological, physiological and biochemical) is a pre-requisite for the development of salt tolerant cotton germplasm followed by indirect selection or hybridization programs. There has been a limited success in the development of salt tolerant genotypes because this trait depends on several factors, and these factors as well as their interactions are not completely understood. However, advances in biochemical and molecular techniques have made it possible to explore the complexity of salt tolerance through transcriptomic profiling. The focus of this article is to discuss the issue of salt stress in crop plants, how it alters the physiology and morphology of the cotton crop, and breeding strategies for the development of salinity tolerance in cotton germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajid Majeed
- Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, 44090, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Rana
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Centre of Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Yinhua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Lori Hinze
- US Department of Agriculture, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
- School of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Arif T, Chaudhary MT, Majeed S, Rana IA, Ali Z, Elansary HO, Moussa IM, Sun S, Azhar MT. Exploitation of various physio-morphological and biochemical traits for the identification of drought tolerant genotypes in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:508. [PMID: 37872477 PMCID: PMC10591375 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of the limiting factors for quality and quantity of cotton lint in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Therefore, development of drought tolerant cotton genotypes have become indispensable. The identification of drought tolerant genotypes is pre-requisite to develop high yielding cultivars suitable for drought affected areas. METHODS Forty upland cotton accessions were selected on the basis of their adaptability and yield. The collected germplasm accessions were evaluated at seedling stage on the basis of morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in greenhouse where these genotypes were sown under different levels of drought stress by following factorial under completely randomized design. The data were collected at seedling stages for root and shoot lengths, relative leaf water content, excised leaf water losses, peroxidase content and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in leaf tissues. RESULTS The biometrical analysis revealed that germplasm is significantly varied for recorded parameters, likewise interaction of genotypes and water stress was also significantly varied. The cotton germplasm was categorized in eight clusters based on response to water stress. The genotype Cyto-124 exhibited lowest H2O2 content under drought conditions, minimum excised leaf water loss under stress environment was exhibited by genotypes Ali Akber-802 and CEMB-33. Overall, on the basis of morphological and biochemical traits, SL-516 and Cyto-305 were found to be drought tolerant. Genotypes 1852 - 511, Stoneville 15-17 and Delta Pine-55 showed low values for root length, peroxidase activity and higher value for H2O2 contents. On the basis of these finding, these genotypes were declared as drought susceptible. CONCLUSION The categorization of cotton germplasm indicating the differential response of various parameters under the control and drought stress conditions. The recorded parameters particularly relative leaf water contents and biochemical assays could be utilized to screen large number of germplasm of cotton for water deficit conditions. Besides, the drought tolerant genotypes identified in this research can be utilized in cotton breeding programs for the development of improved cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Arif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajid Majeed
- Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, 44090, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Rana
- Center of Advance Studies/Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab Mohamed Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sangmi Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
- School of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Çelik S. Assessing Drought Tolerance in a Large Number of Upland Cotton Plants ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) under Different Irrigation Regimes at the Seedling Stage. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2067. [PMID: 37895448 PMCID: PMC10608038 DOI: 10.3390/life13102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cotton plant is important since it provides raw materials for various industry branches. Even though cotton is generally drought-tolerant, it is affected negatively by long-term drought stress. The trial was conducted according to the applied experimental design as a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications to determine a panel of 93 cotton genotypes' genotypic responses against drought under controlled conditions in 2022. All genotypes were watered with 80 mL-1 of water (100% irrigation, field capacity) until three true leaves appeared, and then water stress was applied at a limited irrigation of 75% (60 mL-1), 50% (40 mL-1), and 25% (20 mL-1) of the field capacity. After the trial terminated at 52 days, the cv. G56, G44, G5, and G86 in RL; G1, G56, G44, G86, G51, and G88 in RFW; advanced line G5, followed by the cv. G56, advanced line G44, G75, and the cv. G90 in RDW; G44, followed by G86, the cv. G56, and elite lines G13 and G5 in NLRs were observed as drought-tolerant genotypes, respectively, while G35, G15, G26, G67, and G56 in SL; G15, G52, G60, G31, and G68 in SFW; G35, G52, G57, G41, and G60 in SDW show the highest drought tolerance means, respectively. In conclusion, the commercial varieties with high means in roots, namely G86, G56, G88, and G90, and the genotypes G67, G20, G60, and G57 showing tolerance in shoots, are suggested to be potential parent plants for developing cotton varieties resistant to drought. Using the cultivars found tolerant in the current study as parents in a drought-tolerant variety development marker-assisted selection (MAS) plant breeding program will increase the chance of success in reaching the target after genetic diversity analyses are performed. On the other hand, it is highly recommended to continue the plant breeding program with the G44, G30, G19, G1, G5, G75, G35, G15, G52, G29, and G76 genotypes, which show high tolerance in both root and shoot systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadettin Çelik
- Department of Forestry, Genç Vocational School, University of Bingol, Bingol 12500, Turkey
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Zou J, Hu W, Loka DA, Snider JL, Zhu H, Li Y, He J, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Carbon assimilation and distribution in cotton photosynthetic organs is a limiting factor affecting boll weight formation under drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1001940. [PMID: 36212360 PMCID: PMC9532866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have documented cotton boll weight reductions under drought, but the relative importance of the subtending leaf, bracts and capsule wall in driving drought-induced reductions in boll mass has received limited attention. To investigate the role of carbon metabolism in driving organ-specific differences in contribution to boll weight formation, under drought conditions. Controlled experiments were carried out under soil relative water content (SRWC) (75 ± 5)% (well-watered conditions, control), (60 ± 5)% (moderate drought) and (45 ± 5)% (severe drought) in 2018 and 2019 with two cultivars Yuzaomian 9110 and Dexiamian 1. Under severe drought, the decreases of photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) were observed in the subtending leaf, bract and capsule wall, suggesting that carbon assimilation of three organs was restricted and the limitation was most pronounced in the subtending leaf. Changes in the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy), invertases as well as the reduction in expression of sucrose transporter (GhSUT1) led to variabilities in the sucrose content of three organs. Moreover, photosynthate distribution from subtending leaf to seeds plus fibers (the components of boll weight) was significantly restricted and the photosynthetic contribution rate of subtending leaf to boll weight was decreased, while contributions of bracts and capsule wall were increased by drought. This, in conjunction with the observed decreases in boll weight, indicated that the subtending leaf was the most sensitive photosynthetic organ to drought and was a dominant driver of boll weight loss under drought. Therefore, the subtending leaf governs boll weight loss under drought due to limitations in carbon assimilation, perturbations in sucrose metabolism and inhibition of sucrose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dimitra A. Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larissa, Greece
| | - John L. Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Honghai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Mahmood T, Iqbal MS, Li H, Nazir MF, Khalid S, Sarfraz Z, Hu D, Baojun C, Geng X, Tajo SM, Dev W, Iqbal Z, Zhao P, Hu G, Du X. Differential seedling growth and tolerance indices reflect drought tolerance in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:331. [PMID: 35820810 PMCID: PMC9277823 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton production is adversely effected by drought stress. It is exposed to drought stress at various critical growth stages grown under a water scarcity environment. Roots are the sensors of plants; they detect osmotic stress under drought stress and play an important role in plant drought tolerance mechanisms. The seedling stage is very sensitive to drought stress, and it needed to explore the methods and plant characteristics that contribute to drought tolerance in cotton. RESULTS Initially, seedlings of 18 genotypes from three Gossypium species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, and G. arboreum, were evaluated for various seedling traits under control (NS) and drought stress (DS). Afterward, six genotypes, including two of each species, one tolerant and one susceptible, were identified based on the cumulative drought sensitivity response index (CDSRI). Finally, growth rates (GR) were examined for shoot and root growth parameters under control and DS in experimental hydroponic conditions. A significant variation of drought stress responses was observed across tested genotypes and species. CDSRI allowed here to identify the drought-sensitive and drought-resistant cultivar of each investigated species. Association among root and shoots growth traits disclosed influential effects of enduring the growth under DS. The traits including root length, volume, and root number were the best indicators with significantly higher differential responses in the tolerant genotypes. These root growth traits, coupled with the accumulation of photosynthates and proline, were also the key indicators of the resistance to drought stress. CONCLUSION Tolerant genotypes have advanced growth rates and the capacity to cop with drought stress by encouraging characteristics, including root differential growth traits coupled with physiological traits such as chlorophyll and proline contents. Tolerant and elite genotypes of G. hirsutum were more tolerant of drought stress than obsolete genotypes of G. barbadense and G. arboreum. Identified genotypes have a strong genetic basis of drought tolerance, which can be used in cotton breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the M inistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Hongge Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mian Faisal Nazir
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Shiguftah Khalid
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zareen Sarfraz
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Daowu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chen Baojun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoli Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Sani Muhammad Tajo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Washu Dev
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zubair Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Guanjing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the M inistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China.
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Nazim M, Ali M, Shahzad K, Ahmad F, Nawaz F, Amin M, Anjum S, Nasif O, Ali Alharbi S, Fahad S, Danish S, Datta R. Kaolin and Jasmonic acid improved cotton productivity under water stress conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6606-6614. [PMID: 34764776 PMCID: PMC8568989 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in Kharif season 2018 at Research Area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to assess the role of foliar applied kaolin and jasmonic acid on vegetative growth, gas exchange and reproductive traits of cotton under normal irrigated and artificial water deficit conditions. The experiment was laid -out in a factorial randomized complete block design with split - split plot arrangement. Main plots were allocated for irrigation levels, sub-plots for two -cotton genotypes viz. NIAB - 878 and SLH - 19 while sub - sub plots for treatments of kaolin and Jasmonic acid. Water deficit stress was created by skipping irrigation at flowering for 21 days. Foliar sprays of Kaolin (5%, w/v) and Jasmonic acid (100 μM) were applied alone or in combination at 60 days after planntinon both to normal irrigated and water-stresse skip irrigation while irrigation water alone was sprayed in control plots. Both cotton genotypes responded variably to normal irrigated and skip conditions. Skipping irrigation for up to 21 days at flowering caused a significant decrease in leaf relative water content, SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield in both the genotypes. Seed cotton yield showed an overall decline of 24.7% in skip over Normal irrigated crop. The genotype NIAB - 878 produced maximum seed cotton yield of 3.304 Mg ha-1 in normal that dropped to 2.579 Mg ha-1 in skip, thus showing an average decline of 21.9 %. Similarly, SLH - 19 produced 2.537 Mg ha-1 seed cotton under normal that dropped to 1.822 Mg ha-1 in skip, showing an average decline of 28.2%. The Application of Kaolin and JA Jasmonic acid, either applied individually or in combination, improved vegetative and reproductive development of both cotton varieties in normal and skip regimes. However, combined kaolin and Jasmonic Acid application proved to be more beneficial in terms of seed cotton production and other parameters studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nazim
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muqarrab Ali
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbella University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan 90150, Pakistan
| | - Fiaz Ahmad
- Plant Physiology/ Chemistry Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Fahim Nawaz
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Anjum
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Omaima Nasif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, P.O. Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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Yadav B, Jogawat A, Rahman MS, Narayan OP. Secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Assessment of root phenotypes in mungbean mini-core collection (MMC) from the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) Taiwan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247810. [PMID: 33661994 PMCID: PMC7932546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important food grain legume, but its production capacity is threatened by global warming, which can intensify plant stress and limit future production. Identifying new variation of key root traits in mungbean will provide the basis for breeding lines with effective root characteristics for improved water uptake to mitigate heat and drought stress. The AVRDC mungbean mini core collection consisting of 296 genotypes was screened under modified semi-hydroponic screening conditions to determine the variation for fourteen root-related traits. The AVRDC mungbean mini core collection displayed wide variations for the primary root length, total surface area, and total root length, and based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering eight homogeneous groups displaying different root traits could be identified. Germplasm with potentially favorable root traits has been identified for further studies to identify the donor genotypes for breeding cultivars with enhanced adaptation to water-deficit stress and other stress conditions.
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Abdelmoghny AM, Raghavendra KP, Sheeba JA, Santosh HB, Meshram JH, Singh SB, Kranthi KR, Waghmare VN. Morpho-physiological and molecular characterization of drought tolerance traits in Gossypium hirsutum genotypes under drought stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2339-2353. [PMID: 33424151 PMCID: PMC7772122 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting lint yield and fibre quality in cotton. With increase in population, degrading natural resources and frequent drought occurrences, development of high yielding, drought tolerant cotton cultivars is critical for sustainable cotton production across countries. Six Gossypium hirsutum genotypes identified for drought tolerance, wider adaptability and better fibre quality traits were characterized for various morpho-physiological and biochemical characters and their molecular basis was investigated under drought stress. Under drought conditions, genotypes revealed statistically significant differences for all the morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. The interaction (genotype × treatment) effects were highly significant for root length, excised leaf water loss and cell membrane thermostability indicating differential interaction of genotypes under control and stress conditions. Correlation studies revealed that under drought stress, relative water content had significant positive correlation with root length and root-to-shoot ratio while it had significant negative correlation with excised leaf water loss, epicuticular wax, proline, potassium and total soluble sugar content. Analysis of expression of fourteen drought stress related genes under water stress indicated that both ABA dependent and ABA independent mechanisms of drought tolerance might be operating differentially in the studied genotypes. IC325280 and LRA5166 exhibited ABA mediated expression of stress responsive genes and traits. Molecular basis of drought tolerance in IC357406, Suraj, IC259637 and CNH 28I genotypes could be attributed to ABA independent pathway. Based on physiological phenotyping, the genotypes IC325280 and IC357406 were identified to possess better root traits and LRA5166 was found to have enhanced cellular level tolerance. Variety Suraj exhibited good osmotic adjustment and better root traits to withstand water stress. The identified drought component trait(s) in specific genotypes would pave way for their pyramiding through marker assisted cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Abdelmoghny
- Cotton Research Institute (CRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | | | - J. Annie Sheeba
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, India
| | - H. B. Santosh
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, India
| | | | - Suman Bala Singh
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, India
| | - K. R. Kranthi
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, India
- International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC), Washington, DC USA
| | - V. N. Waghmare
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, India
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Malik WA, Wang X, Wang X, Shu N, Cui R, Chen X, Wang D, Lu X, Yin Z, Wang J, Ye W. Genome-wide expression analysis suggests glutaredoxin genes response to various stresses in cotton. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:470-491. [PMID: 32145231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are ubiquitous oxidoreductase enzymes involved in diverse cellular processes and play a key role in oxidative stress responsive mechanisms. This study was aimed to explore the structure-function relationship and to provide a framework for functional validation and biochemical characterization of various GRX members. In this study, our analysis revealed the presence of 127 genes encoding GRX proteins in G. hirsutum. A total of 758 genes from two typical monocot and nine dicot species were naturally divided into four classes based on phylogenetic analysis. The classification was supported with organization of conserved protein motifs and sequence logos comparison between cotton, rice and Arabidopsis. Cotton GRX gene family has underwent strong purifying selection with limited functional divergence. A good collinearity was observed in the synteny analysis of four Gossypium species. Majority of cotton GRXs were influenced by various phytohormones and abiotic stress conditions during expression analysis, suggesting an important role of GRX proteins in response to oxidative stress. Cis-regulatory elements, gene enrichments and co-expression network analysis also support their predicted role against various abiotic stresses. Whole genome and segmental duplication were determined to be the two major impetuses for the expansion of gene numbers during the evolution. The identification of GRX genes showing differential expression in specific tissues or in response to environmental stimuli provides a new avenue for in-depth characterization of selected genes of importance. This study will further broaden our insights into the evolution and functional elucidation of GRX gene family in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Afzal Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Na Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ruifeng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zujun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
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Mahmood T, Khalid S, Abdullah M, Ahmed Z, Shah MKN, Ghafoor A, Du X. Insights into Drought Stress Signaling in Plants and the Molecular Genetic Basis of Cotton Drought Tolerance. Cells 2019; 9:E105. [PMID: 31906215 PMCID: PMC7016789 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress restricts plant growth and development by altering metabolic activity and biological functions. However, plants have evolved several cellular and molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress. Drought tolerance is a multiplex trait involving the activation of signaling mechanisms and differentially expressed molecular responses. Broadly, drought tolerance comprises two steps: stress sensing/signaling and activation of various parallel stress responses (including physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms) in plants. At the cellular level, drought induces oxidative stress by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately causing the cell membrane to rupture and stimulating various stress signaling pathways (ROS, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase, Ca2+, and hormone-mediated signaling). Drought-induced transcription factors activation and abscisic acid concentration co-ordinate the stress signaling and responses in cotton. The key responses against drought stress, are root development, stomatal closure, photosynthesis, hormone production, and ROS scavenging. The genetic basis, quantitative trait loci and genes of cotton drought tolerance are presented as examples of genetic resources in plants. Sustainable genetic improvements could be achieved through functional genomic approaches and genome modification techniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system aid the characterization of genes, sorted out from stress-related candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms, quantitative trait loci, and genes. Exploration of the genetic basis for superior candidate genes linked to stress physiology can be facilitated by integrated functional genomic approaches. We propose a third-generation sequencing approach coupled with genome-wide studies and functional genomic tools, including a comparative sequenced data (transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenomic) analysis, which offer a platform to identify and characterize novel genes. This will provide information for better understanding the complex stress cellular biology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China;
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Shiguftah Khalid
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
- National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdul Ghafoor
- Member of Plant Sciences Division, Pakistan Agricultural Council (PARC), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China;
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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12
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Analysis of Drought Tolerance and Associated Traits in Upland Cotton at the Seedling Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163888. [PMID: 31404956 PMCID: PMC6720584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important natural fiber worldwide, and it is extensively planted and plentifully used in the textile industry. Major cotton planting regions are frequently affected by abiotic stress, especially drought stress. Drought resistance is a complex, quantitative trait. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) constitutes an efficient method for dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits. In this study, the drought resistance of a population of 316 upland cotton accessions was studied via GWAS. (2) Methods: GWAS methodology was employed to identify relationships between molecular markers or candidate genes and phenotypes of interest. (3) Results: A total of 8, 3, and 6 SNPs were associated with the euphylla wilting score (EWS), cotyledon wilting score (CWS), and leaf temperature (LT), respectively, based on a general linear model and a factored spectrally transformed linear mixed model. For these traits, 7 QTLs were found, of which 2 each were located on chromosomes A05, A11, and D03, and of which 1 was located on chromosome A01. Importantly, in the candidate regions WRKY70, GhCIPK6, SnRK2.6, and NET1A, which are involved in the response to abscisic acid (ABA), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the calcium transduction pathway were identified in upland cotton at the seedling stage under drought stress according to annotation information and linkage disequilibrium (LD) block analysis. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis showed that WRKY70, GhCIPK6, SnRK2.6, and NET1A were induced by drought stress, and the expression of these genes was significantly different between normal and drought stress conditions. (4) Conclusions: The present study should provide some genomic resources for drought resistance in upland cotton. Moreover, the germplasm of the different phenotypes, the detected SNPs and, the potential candidate genes will be helpful for molecular marker-assisted breeding studies about increased drought resistance in upland cotton.
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Zhang L, Li G, Dong G, Wang M, Di D, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. Characterization and comparison of nitrate fluxes in Tamarix ramosissima and cotton roots under simulated drought conditions. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:628-640. [PMID: 30566674 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., a major host plant for the parasitic angiosperm Cistanche tubulosa, and known for its unique drought tolerance, has significant ecological and economic benefits. However, the mechanisms of nitrogen acquisition by the T. ramosissima root system under drought have remained uncharacterized. Here, uptake of nitrate (NO3-) in various regions of the root system was measured in T. ramosissima using Non-invasive Micro-test Technology at the cellular level, and using a 15NO3--enrichment technique at the whole-root level. These results were compared with responses in the model system cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Tamarix ramosissima had lower net NO3- influx and a significantly lower Km (the apparent Michalis-Menten constant; 8.5 μM) for NO3- uptake than cotton under normal conditions. Upon simulated drought conditions, using polyethylene glycol (PEG), NO3- flux in cotton switched from net influx to net efflux, with a substantive peak in the white zone (WZ) of the root. There were no significant NO3- influx signals observed in the WZ of T. ramosissima under control conditions, whereas PEG treatment significantly enhanced NO3- influx in the WZ of T. ramosissima. The effect of PEG application on NO3- fluxes was highly localized, and the increase in net NO3- influx in response to PEG stimulation was also found in C. tubulosa-inoculated T. ramosissima. Consistently, root nitrogen (N) content and root biomass were higher in T. ramosissima than in cotton under PEG treatment. Our study provides insights into NO3- uptake and the influence of C. tubulosa inoculation in T. ramosissima roots during acclimation to PEG-induced drought stress and provides guidelines for silvicultural practice and for breeding of T. ramosissima under coupled conditions of soil drought and N deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing , China
| | - Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Gangqiang Dong
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongwei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, China
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Ullah A, Sun H, Yang X, Zhang X. Drought coping strategies in cotton: increased crop per drop. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:271-284. [PMID: 28055133 PMCID: PMC5316925 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth and yield of many crops, including cotton, are affected by water deficit. Cotton has evolved drought specific as well as general morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to drought stress, which are discussed in this review. The key physiological responses against drought stress in cotton, including stomata closing, root development, cellular adaptations, photosynthesis, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, have been identified by researchers. Drought stress induces the expression of stress-related transcription factors and genes, such as ROS scavenging, ABA or mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling genes, which activate various drought-related pathways to induce tolerance in the plant. It is crucial to elucidate and induce drought-tolerant traits via quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, transgenic approaches and exogenous application of substances. The current review article highlights the natural as well as engineered drought tolerance strategies in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ullah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Heng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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Zhang H, Khan A, Tan DKY, Luo H. Rational Water and Nitrogen Management Improves Root Growth, Increases Yield and Maintains Water Use Efficiency of Cotton under Mulch Drip Irrigation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:912. [PMID: 28611817 PMCID: PMC5447759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to optimize water-nitrogen (N) applications to increase seed cotton yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under a mulch drip irrigation system. This study evaluated the effects of four water regimes [moderate drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the boll-opening stage (W1), deficit drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the flowering stage and sufficient drip irrigation thereafter (W2), pre-sowing and moderate drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the boll-opening stage (W3), pre-sowing and deficit drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the flowering stage and sufficient drip irrigation thereafter (W4)] and N fertilizer at a rate of 520 kg ha-1 in two dressing ratios [7:3 (N1), 2:8 (N2)] on cotton root morpho-physiological attributes, yield, WUE and the relationship between root distribution and dry matter production. Previous investigations have shown a strong correlation between root activity and water consumption in the 40-120 cm soil layer. The W3 and especially W4 treatments significantly increased root length density (RLD), root volume density (RVD), root mass density (RMD), and root activity in the 40-120 cm soil layer. Cotton RLD, RVD, RMD was decreased by 13.1, 13.3, and 20.8%, respectively, in N2 compared with N1 at 70 days after planting (DAP) in the 0-40 cm soil layer. However, root activity in the 40-120 cm soil layer at 140 DAP was 31.6% higher in N2 than that in N1. Total RMD, RLD and root activity in the 40-120 cm soil were significantly and positively correlated with shoot dry weight. RLD and root activity in the 40-120 cm soil layer was highest in the W4N2 treatments. Therefore increased water consumption in the deep soil layers resulted in increased shoot dry weight, seed cotton yield and WUE. Our data can be used to develop a water-N management strategy for optimal cotton yield and high WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
- Research Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
| | - Daniel K. Y. Tan
- Faculty of Science, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, SydneyNSW, Australia
| | - Honghai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Honghai Luo,
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16
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Avramova V, Nagel KA, AbdElgawad H, Bustos D, DuPlessis M, Fiorani F, Beemster GTS. Screening for drought tolerance of maize hybrids by multi-scale analysis of root and shoot traits at the seedling stage. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2453-66. [PMID: 26889006 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We studied the drought response of eight commercial hybrid maize lines with contrasting drought sensitivity together with the reference inbred line B73 using a non-invasive platform for root and shoot phenotyping and a kinematics approach to quantify cell level responses in the leaf. Drought treatments strongly reduced leaf growth parameters including projected leaf area, elongation rate, final length and width of the fourth and fifth leaf. Physiological measurements including water use efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis were also significantly affected. By performing a kinematic analysis, we show that leaf growth reduction in response to drought is mainly due to a decrease in cell division rate, whereas a marked reduction in cell expansion rate is compensated by increased duration of cell expansion. Detailed analysis of root growth in rhizotrons under drought conditions revealed a strong reduction in total root length as well as rooting depth and width. This was reflected by corresponding decreases in fresh and dry weight of the root system. We show that phenotypic differences between lines differing in geographic origin (African vs. European) and in drought tolerance under field conditions can already be identified at the seedling stage by measurements of total root length and shoot dry weight of the plants. Moreover, we propose a list of candidate traits that could potentially serve as traits for future screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Avramova
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kerstin A Nagel
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Dolores Bustos
- Instituto de Investgatión de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), X5020ICA Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Magdeleen DuPlessis
- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
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