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Sun Y, Zhang D, Liu H, Ruan C, Dou X, Ren Z, Ge Z, Du Z, Jin H, Li D, Xue H, Liu W, Chen Z, Wang Q. The first reported cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from domestic sick camel to humans in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2309990. [PMID: 38269573 PMCID: PMC10860415 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2309990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease with an increasing annual incidence rate. In this case report, we presented two patients infected with the SFTS virus, suggesting a potential direct transmission route from camels to humans through blood contact. Both patients developed symptoms after engaging in the slaughtering of one sick camel, while their family members living in the same environment or co-diners remained unaffected. Subsequent detection revealed a high viral load of SFTS virus, reaching 1010 viral RNA copies/ml, in the sample obtained from the sick camel. Metagenomic sequencing did not identify any other pathogens. The SFTS virus was successfully isolated from both patient and camel samples. The complete nucleotide sequences obtained from the infected patients demonstrated a remarkable 100% similarity to those found in the camel, and genetic evolution analysis classified the virus as genotype A. Additionally, partial sequences of the SFTS virus were identified in ticks captured from the camel rearing environment, however, these sequences showed only 95.9% similarity to those found in camel and humans. Furthermore, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected in serum samples collected from the patient. Our findings provide evidence that camel may serve as a competent reservoir for transmitting the SFTS virus to humans. Further in vitro investigations into SFTS virus infections in large animals are warranted to understand their role in viral maintenance and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Sun
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Ruan
- Beijing Pinggu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Dou
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyong Ren
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziruo Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Du
- Beijing Pinggu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Jin
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xue
- Beijing Pinggu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Koka H, Langat S, Oyola S, Cherop F, Rotich G, Mutisya J, Ofula V, Limbaso K, Ongus JR, Lutomiah J, Sang R. Detection and prevalence of a novel Bandavirus related to Guertu virus in Amblyomma gemma ticks and human populations in Isiolo County, Kenya. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310862. [PMID: 39302958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging tick-borne viruses of medical and veterinary importance are increasingly being reported globally. This resurgence emphasizes the need for sustained surveillance to provide insights into tick-borne viral diversity and associated potential public health risks. We report on a virus tentatively designated Kinna virus (KIV) in the family Phenuiviridae and genus Bandavirus. The virus was isolated from a pool of Amblyomma gemma ticks from Kinna in Isiolo County, Kenya. High throughput sequencing of the virus isolate revealed close relatedness to the Guertu virus. The virus genome is consistent with the described genomes of other members of the genus Bandavirus, with nucleotides lengths of 6403, 3332 and 1752 in the Large (L), Medium (M) and Small (S) segments respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus clustered with Guertu virus although it formed a distinct and well supported branch. The RdRp amino acid sequence had a 93.3% identity to that of Guertu virus, an indication that the virus is possibly novel. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 125 (38.6%, 95% CI 33.3-44.1%) of the human sera from the communities in this region. In vivo experiments showed that the virus was lethal to mice with death occurring 6-9 days post-infection. The virus infected mammalian cells (Vero cells) but had reduced infectivity in the mosquito cell line (C636) tested. CONCLUSION Isolation of this novel virus with the potential to cause disease in human and animal populations necessitates the need to evaluate its public health significance and contribution to disease burden in the affected regions. This also points to the need for continuous monitoring of vector and human populations in high-risk ecosystems to update pathogen diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Koka
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Virus Research, Nairobi, Kenya
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Langat
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Virus Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Oyola
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Faith Cherop
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gilbert Rotich
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Mutisya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Virus Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor Ofula
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Virus Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Konongoi Limbaso
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Virus Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Juliette R Ongus
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Virus Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Sang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Ji SR, Byun HR, Rieu MS, Han SW, Nam HY, Seo S, Park SY, Kang HY, Choi CY, Cho SY, Hwang BY, Chae JS. First detection of Bandavirus dabieense in ticks collected from migratory birds in the Republic of Korea. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107279. [PMID: 38871069 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The causative agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is Bandavirus dabieense, an emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen. Migratory birds have often been suggested as potential carriers of ticks that can transmit Bandavirus dabieense; however, their role remains unclear. The Republic of Korea (ROK) holds an important position as a stopover on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. The present study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of migratory birds in the transmission of the SFTS virus (SFTSV) in the ROK. A total of 4,497 ticks were collected across various regions, including Heuksando and Daecheongdo, in the ROK, from bird migration seasons in 2022 and 2023. Genetic analysis of the SFTSV was performed for 96 ticks collected from 20 different species of migratory birds. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments of SFTSV were detected in one Haemaphysalis concinna nymph collected from a Black-faced Bunting (Emberiza spodocephala) and one Ixodes turdus nymph collected from an Olive-backed Pipit (Anthus hodgsoni) on Daecheongdo and Heuksando, respectively, during their northward migration in two spring seasons. This finding suggests that migratory birds can be considered as possible carriers and long-distance dispersers of ticks and associated tick-borne diseases. This study highlights the importance of clarifying the role and impact of migratory birds in the rapid expansion of tick-borne diseases, facilitating enhanced preparedness and the development of mitigation measures against emerging SFTS across and beyond East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ryeong Ji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Byun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Rieu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Nam
- The Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Seo
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yeon Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Cho
- Bird Research Center, Korea National Park Research Institute, Shinan County, Jeonnam 58863, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Hwang
- Bird Research Center, Korea National Park Research Institute, Shinan County, Jeonnam 58863, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SH, Choi HN, Jo MG, Lee B, Kim YJ, Seong H, Song C, Yoo HS, Lee JH, Seong D, Park HJ, Roh IS, Yang J, Lee MY, Kim HJ, Park SW, Kim M, Kim SJ, Kim M, Kim HJ, Hong KW, Yun SP. Activation of neurotoxic A1-reactive astrocytes by SFTS virus infection accelerates fatal brain damage in IFNAR1 -/- mice. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29854. [PMID: 39135475 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has a high mortality rate compared to other infectious diseases. SFTS is particularly associated with a high risk of mortality in immunocompromised individuals, while most patients who die of SFTS exhibit symptoms of severe encephalitis before death. However, the region of brain damage and mechanisms by which the SFTS virus (SFTSV) causes encephalitis remains unknown. Here, we revealed that SFTSV infects the brainstem and spinal cord, which are regions of the brain associated with respiratory function, and motor nerves in IFNAR1-/- mice. Further, we show that A1-reactive astrocytes are activated, causing nerve cell death, in infected mice. Primary astrocytes of SFTSV-infected IFNAR1-/- mice also induced neuronal cell death through the activation of A1-reactive astrocytes. Herein, we showed that SFTSV induces fatal neuroinflammation in the brain regions important for respiratory function and motor nerve, which may underlie mortality in SFTS patients. This study provides new insights for the treatment of SFTS, for which there is currently no therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Nyeoung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bina Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Seong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chieun Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Seong
- Division of foreign Animal Disease, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Division of foreign Animal Disease, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soon Roh
- Division of foreign Animal Disease, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Yang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyo Kim
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Division of foreign Animal Disease, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Central Scientific Instrumentation Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Chae JB, Rim JM, Han SW, Cho YK, Kang JG, Chae JS. Prevalence, Isolation, and Molecular Characterizationof Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Cattle from the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 39029504 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by Bandavirus dabieense. Initially identified in China, this disease has spread throughout Asian countries via tick bites and animal-to-human transmission. However, reports of the prevalence of SFTS virus (SFTSV) in cattle in Korea are lacking. This study aimed to investigate SFTSV infections in grazing cattle in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Materials and Methods: In total, 845 grazing cattle serum samples were collected over 2 years (2019 and 2020) in the ROK, and viral RNA was extracted using a kit. One-step RT-nested PCR was performed to amplify the S-segment of SFTSV. Positive serum samples were used to isolate SFTSV in Vero E6 cells, and the full sequences were analyzed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method with MEGA X. In addition, immunoglobulin G antibodies against SFTSV were investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Here, 4.0% of serum samples (34/845) were positive for SFTSV S-segments, and one virus isolate was cultured in Vero E6 cells. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial S-segment classified 4 SFTSV isolates as the B-2 genotype, 9 as the B-3 genotype, 18 as an unclassified B genotype, and 3 as the D genotype. One cultured virus was classified as the B-2 genotype based on SFTSV L-, M-, and S-segments. Antibody detection results showed that 21.1% of serum samples (161/763) were positive for SFTSV. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study performed to identify the prevalence of SFTSV in grazing cattle in the ROK. Our findings indicate the necessity for more intensive and continuous SFTSV monitoring, not only in cattle but also in other animals, to comprehend the genetic diversity of the virus and its potential eco-epidemiological impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Poh KC, Aguilar M, Capelli-Peixoto J, Davis SK, Ueti MW. Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) does not transmit Babesia bovis, a causative agent of cattle fever. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102374. [PMID: 38971081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) was first reported in the United States in 2017 and has since been detected in at least 17 states. This tick infests cattle and can produce large populations quickly due to its parthenogenetic nature, leading to significant livestock mortalities and economic losses. While H. longicornis has not been detected in Texas, species distribution models have identified southern Texas as a possible hospitable region for this tick. Southern Texas is currently home to the southern cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus), which can transmit the causative agent of cattle fever (Babesia bovis). With the potential for H. longicornis and B. bovis to overlap in southern Texas and their potential to negatively impact the national and global livestock industry, it is imperative to identify the role H. longicornis may play in the cattle fever disease system. A controlled acquisition and transmission experiment tested whether H. longicornis is a vector for B. bovis, with the R. microplus-B. bovis system used as a positive control. Transstadial (nymphs to adults) and transovarial (adults to larvae) transmission and subsequent transstadial maintenance (nymphs and adults) routes were tested in this study. Acquisition-fed, splenectomized animals were used to increase the probability of tick infection. Acquisition nymphs were macerated whole and acquisition adults were dissected to remove midguts and ovaries at five time points (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days post-repletion), with 40 ticks processed per time point and life stage. The greatest percentage of nymphs with detectable B. bovis DNA occurred six days post-repletion (20.0 %). For adults, the percentage of positive midguts and ovaries increased as days post-repletion progressed, with day 12 having the highest percentage of positive samples (67.5 % and 60.0 %, respectively). When egg batches were tested in triplicate, all H. longicornis egg batches were negative for B. bovis, while all R. microplus egg batches were positive for B. bovis. During the transmission phase, the subsequent life stages for transstadial (adults) and transovarial transmission/transstadial maintenance (larvae, nymphs, and adults) were fed on naïve, splenectomized calves. All life stages of H. longicornis ticks tested during transmission were negative for B. bovis. Furthermore, the transmission fed animals were also negative for B. bovis and did not show signs of bovine babesiosis during the 45-day post tick transmission period. Given the lack of successful transstadial or transovarial transmission, it is unlikely that H. longicornis is a vector for B. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Poh
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 3003 Animal Disease and Biotechnology Facility, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Mitzi Aguilar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, 3003 Animal Disease and Biotechnology Facility, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Janaína Capelli-Peixoto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, 3003 Animal Disease and Biotechnology Facility, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Sara K Davis
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 3003 Animal Disease and Biotechnology Facility, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Massaro W Ueti
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 3003 Animal Disease and Biotechnology Facility, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Yuan JM, Su J, Zhang ZH, Sun B, Jiao XL, Zhang X, Zhai YP, Chen YJ. Initial study and phylogenetic analysis of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Nantong, China along the route of avian migration. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:871-883. [PMID: 38656472 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The growing concern about migratory birds potentially spreading ticks due to global warming has become a significant issue. The city of Nantong in this study is situated along the East Asia-Australasian Flyway (EAAF), with numerous wetlands serving as roosting sites for migratory birds. We conducted an investigation of hard ticks and determined the phylogenetic characteristics of tick species in this city. We utilized three different genes for our study: the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene, the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), and the mitochondrial small subunit rRNA (12 S rRNA) gene. The predominant tick species were Haemaphysalis flava (H. flava) and Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis). Additionally, specimens of Haemaphysalis campanulata (H. campanulata) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (R. sanguineus) were collected. The H. flava specimens in this study showed a close genetic relationship with those from inland provinces of China, as well as South Korea and Japan. Furthermore, samples of H. longicornis exhibited a close genetic relationship with those from South Korea, Japan, Australia, and the USA, as well as specific provinces in China. Furthermore, R. sanguineus specimens captured in Nantong showed genetic similarities with specimens from Egypt, Nigeria, and Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Yuan
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Su
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Hai Zhang
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Li Jiao
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhai
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang J, Luo M, Li T, Liu Y, Jiang G, Wu Y, Liu Q, Gong Z, Sun J. The ecological and etiological investigation of ticks and rodents in China: results from an ongoing surveillance study in Zhejiang Province. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1268440. [PMID: 38089699 PMCID: PMC10715276 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1268440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the population density of vector ticks and reservoir hosts rodents, and to investigate the relevant pathogen infection in Zhejiang Province, China. METHODS In this surveillance study, the data of ticks density were collected with the tick picking method on animal body surface and the drag-flag method, while the rodent density with the night trapping method. The samples of ticks were examined for the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), and blood serum and organs from rodents were subjected for SFTSV, hantavirus, Leptospira, Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) and Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) screening in the laboratory. RESULTS From 2017 to 2022 in Zhejiang Province, 16,230 parasitic ticks were found in 1848 positive animals, with the density of parasitic ticks of 1.29 ticks per host animal, and a total of 5,201 questing ticks were captured from 1,140,910 meters of vegetation distance with the questing tick density of 0.46 ticks/flag·100 m. Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis) was the major species. A total of 2,187,739 mousetraps were distributed and 12,705 rodents were trapped, with the density of 0.58 per 100 trap-nights. Rattus norvegicus was the major species. For SFTSV screening, two groups nymphal ticks of H. longicornis were tested to be positive. For the rodents samples, the Leptospira had a positive rate of 12.28% (197/1604), the hantavirus was 1.00% (16/1604), and the O. tsutsugamushi was 0.15% (2/1332). No positive results were found with SFTSV and Y. pestis in the rodents samples. CONCLUSION Findings from this study indicated that the ticks and rodents were widely distributed in Zhejiang Province. Particularly, the positive detection of SFTSV, Leptospira, hantavirus and O. tsutsugamushi in ticks or rodents from this area suggested that more attention should be paid to the possibilities of relevant vector-borne diseases occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Jiang
- Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yuyan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinmei Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Dupuis AP, Lange RE, Ciota AT. Emerging tickborne viruses vectored by Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae): Heartland and Bourbon viruses. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1183-1196. [PMID: 37862097 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Heartland (HRTV) and Bourbon (BRBV) viruses are newly identified tick-borne viruses, isolated from serious clinical cases in 2009 and 2014, respectively. Both viruses originated in the lower Midwest United States near the border of Missouri and Kansas, cause similar disease manifestations, and are presumably vectored by the same tick species, Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus (Ixodida: Ixodidae). In this article, we provide a current review of HRTV and BRBV, including the virology, epidemiology, and ecology of the viruses with an emphasis on the tick vector. We touch on current challenges of vector control and surveillance, and we discuss future directions in the study of these emergent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Dupuis
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Rachel E Lange
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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10
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Jung M, Lee DH. Population dynamics of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and their harboring rates of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) virus in four landscapes of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:359-368. [PMID: 37787900 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Population dynamics of hard ticks and their harboring rates of fatal severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) were monitored from 2021 to 2022 in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Hard ticks were surveyed monthly using CO2-bait traps in four vegetation types, including grassland, grave, mountain trail, and shrub. From the 2-year monitoring, totals of 5,737 and 14,298 hard ticks were collected in 2021 and 2022, respectively, all of which belonged to the genus Haemaphysalis. Of these collected ticks, 97.9 and 98.3% of adults and nymphs were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis. Generally, density peaks of H. longicornis nymphs and adults were observed from April to May and from June to July, respectively. For Haemaphysalis flava, adults showed density peaks in September, whereas no obvious seasonal patterns were observed for nymphs. The density peak of Haemaphysalis larvae was observed in August and September, followed by a density peak of adults. There was a large variation in the number of hard ticks collected among the four vegetation types, yielding no significant difference among them over the 2-year monitoring. Half of the collected ticks from each vegetation type were pooled into groups by species and developmental stage and subjected to analysis of SFTS virus harboring rates, which yielded no SFTS positive pool detected over the 2-year monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyung Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, 13120, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Doo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, 13120, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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11
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Hu Q, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Zheng A. Two Point Mutations in the Glycoprotein of SFTSV Enhance the Propagation Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors at Assembly Step. Viruses 2023; 15:800. [PMID: 36992507 PMCID: PMC10052781 DOI: 10.3390/v15030800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen for which approved therapeutic drugs or vaccines are not available. We previously developed a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine candidate (rVSV-SFTSV) by replacing the original glycoprotein with Gn/Gc from SFTSV, which conferred complete protection in a mouse model. Here, we found that two spontaneous mutations, M749T/C617R, emerged in the Gc glycoprotein during passaging that could significantly increase the titer of rVSV-SFTSV. M749T/C617R enhanced the genetic stability of rVSV-SFTSV, and no further mutations appeared after 10 passages. Using immunofluorescence analysis, we found that M749T/C617R could increase glycoprotein traffic to the plasma membrane, thus facilitating virus assembly. Remarkably, the broad-spectrum immunogenicity of rVSV-SFTSV was not affected by the M749T/C617R mutations. Overall, M749T/C617R could enhance the further development of rVSV-SFTSV into an effective vaccine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Aihua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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12
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Zhang Z, Tan J, Jin W, Qian H, Wang L, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Wu X. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus trends and hotspots in clinical research: A bibliometric analysis of global research. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1120462. [PMID: 36817929 PMCID: PMC9933999 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was first reported in 2009, a large number of relevant studies have been published. However, no bibliometrics analysis has been conducted on the literature focusing on SFTSV. This study aims to evaluate the research hotspots and future development trends of SFTSV research through bibliometric analysis, and to provide a new perspective and reference for future SFTSV research and the prevention of SFTSV. Methods We retrieved global publications on SFTSV from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus databases from inception of the database until 2022 using VOSviewer software and CiteSpace was used for bibliometric analysis. Results The number of SFTSV-related publications has increased rapidly since 2011, peaking in 2021. A total of 45 countries/regions have published relevant publications, with China topping the list with 359. The Viruses-Basel has published the most papers on SFTSV. In addition, Yu et al. have made the greatest contribution to SFTSV research, with their published paper being the most frequently cited. The most popular SFTSV study topics included: (1) pathogenesis and symptoms, (2) characteristics of the virus and infected patients, and (3) transmission mechanism and risk factors for SFTSV. Conclusions In this study, we provide a detailed description of the research developments in SFTSV since its discovery and summarize the SFTSV research trends. SFTSV research is in a phase of explosive development, and a large number of publications have been published in the past decade. There is a lack of collaboration between countries and institutions, and international collaboration and exchanges should be strengthened in the future. The current research hotpots of SFTSV is antiviral therapy, immunotherapy, virus transmission mechanism and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhang
- Medical Records Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juntao Tan
- Operation Management Office, Affiliated Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Medical Records Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Medical Records Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Loulei Wang
- Medical Records Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- General Committee Office, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Medical Department, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yuan Yuan ✉
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Xiaoxin Wu ✉
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13
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Chaudhuri D, Datta J, Majumder S, Giri K. In silico study on miRNA regulation and NSs protein interactome characterization of the SFTS virus. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 117:108291. [PMID: 35977432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome causing virus i.e. SFTS virus has increased in the last few years. The underlying cause and mechanism of disease progression and development of symptoms is not well known. Many viruses including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV-1, Herpes virus, Dengue virus and many others have been seen to regulate their functions at the miRNA level. This study aimed to find out those cellular miRNAs, which can be mimicked or antagonized by the viral genome and analyze the effect of these miRNAs on various gene functions. Investigations in this study suggest a correlation between miRNA regulation with the disease symptoms and progression. By exhaustive literature survey we have tried to identify the interacting partners of the Non Structural S (NSs) protein and characterized the protein-protein interactions. The binding interface that can serve as target for therapeutic studies involving the interfacial residues was analyzed. This study would serve as an avenue to design therapeutics making use of not only protein-protein interactions but also miRNA based regulation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyeeta Datta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Kalyan Giri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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14
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Zhao C, Zhang X, Si X, Ye L, Lawrence K, Lu Y, Du C, Xu H, Yang Q, Xia Q, Yu G, Xu W, Yuan F, Hao J, Jiang JF, Zheng A. Hedgehogs as Amplifying Hosts of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2491-2499. [PMID: 36417938 PMCID: PMC9707592 DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.220668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tickborne bandavirus mainly transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in East Asia, mostly in rural areas. As of April 2022, the amplifying host involved in the natural transmission of SFTSV remained unidentified. Our epidemiologic field survey conducted in endemic areas in China showed that hedgehogs were widely distributed, had heavy tick infestations, and had high SFTSV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence. After experimental infection of Erinaceus amurensis and Atelerix albiventris hedgehogs with SFTSV, we detected robust but transitory viremias that lasted for 9-11 days. We completed the SFTSV transmission cycle between hedgehogs and nymph and adult H. longicornis ticks under laboratory conditions with 100% efficiency. Furthermore, naive H. longicornis ticks could be infected by SFTSV-positive ticks co-feeding on naive hedgehogs; we confirmed transstadial transmission of SFTSV. Our study suggests that the hedgehogs are a notable wildlife amplifying host of SFTSV in China.
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15
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Iijima H, Watari Y, Furukawa T, Okabe K. Importance of Host Abundance and Microhabitat in Tick Abundance. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:2110-2119. [PMID: 36153660 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the risk of zoonoses, it is necessary to understand the infection process, including the ecology of animals and vectors (i.e., the 'One Health' approach). In temperate climates, ticks are the major vectors of zoonoses, so factors determining their abundance, such as host mammal abundance and microhabitat conditions, should be clarified. Sika deer (Cervus nippon) are a major tick host and are rapidly expanding their distribution in Japan. We established 12 plots along a gradient of sika deer abundance in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. We monitored the occurrence of mammal species with camera traps and sampled questing ticks on a monthly basis by flagging along three transects (center of a trail, forest edge, and forest interior) at each site from April to November 2018. The camera traps recorded 12 mammal species, predominantly sika deer. Five Haemaphysalis species and three Ixodes species were sampled. The numbers of ticks sampled were explained by the photographic frequency of sika deer, and partly by that of other mammal species, depending on tick species and their developmental stages. The numbers of sampled adult and nymphal ticks were the highest at the forest edge, where vegetation cover was greatest. Thus, vegetation management in tick habitats and the control of sika deer populations may reduce tick abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Iijima
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yuya Watari
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takuya Furukawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Kimiko Okabe
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
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16
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Xu J, Liu Y, Zhang F, Wang X, Huang W, Wu Y, Li B, Zhuang J, Bing Y, Wang Y, Qiao Y. Analysis of cross neutralizing activity of antibodies from sera of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients to deal with different genotype strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1020545. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne virus that causes severe communicable fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) with an average case fatality rate of 10%. In the study, we aimed to identify the cross-neutralizing antibody (nAb) against different genotype strains from sera of SFTSV infected patients.MethodsFirstly the genotype of SFTSV was identified by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on the M segments epidemic in the Jiaodong area of Shandong province, then different sera of subjects cross reactive with recombinant Gn (rGn-Fc) or recombinant Gc (rGc-Fc) of 0921 strain were examined. The levels of polyclonal nAbs from sera of 25 convalescents were measured by a pseudovirus-based neutralizing experiment.ResultsWe found local endemic strains were mainly C2 and C3 isolates of SFTSV. 14 of 15 sera from donors reacted with 0921 rGn-Fc, and 9 of 15 sera from donors reacted with 0921 rGc-Fc. Cross nAbs were produced by 10 of 25 sera from donors during the period of 2019–2021. Among these, five nAbs (A2, A4, A5, L9, and L10) neutralized the pseudoviruses of HB29, Gangwon, HN13, HN20, SPL030A, and SD4 strains.ConclusionOur data suggested that epidemic strains showed relatively stable heredity. Some blood sources from patients produced cross nAbs that could neutralize all of the strains examined. These findings highlight the important role played by humoral immunity in combatting SFTSV.
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Raney WR, Herslebs EJ, Langohr IM, Stone MC, Hermance ME. Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of Powassan Virus by the Invasive Asian Longhorned Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Under Laboratory Conditions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:923914. [PMID: 35846754 PMCID: PMC9283711 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.923914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, is an ixodid tick native to East Asia that was first detected in North America outside a port of entry in 2017. This invasive species has since been detected in 17 states. As the invasive range of the tick continues to expand, the vector competence of H. longicornis for pathogens native to North America must be assessed. Here, we evaluate the vector competence of H. longicornis for Powassan virus (POWV) under laboratory conditions. POWV is a North American tick-borne flavivirus that is typically transmitted through the bite of Ixodes species ticks. The invasive range of H. longicornis is expected to overlap heavily with the geographic range of Ixodes scapularis and POWV cases, highlighting the potential for this invasive tick species to amplify POWV transmission in natural foci should the native tick vectors and H. longicornis share similar hosts. In these studies, adult female H. longicornis ticks were infected with POWV via anal pore microinjection. Viral RNA and infectious virions were detected in tick tissues via q-RT-PCR and focus-forming assay, respectively. POWV-injected female ticks were infested on mice, and virus was transmitted to mice during tick feeding, as shown by clinical signs of disease and seroconversion in the tick-exposed mice, as well as the detection of viral RNA in various mouse tissues. A POWV-injected female tick transmitted virus to her larval progeny, indicating that H. longicornis can vertically transmit POWV. These naturally-infected larval ticks were also able to transmit POWV to the mouse on which they fed and to the nymphal stage after molting, further demonstrating that H. longicornis can transmit POWV in the horizontal and transstadial modes. Larval and nymphal ticks were also orally infected with POWV while feeding on viremic mice. Additionally, this study provides the first report of POWV neuropathology based on a natural tick transmission model of POWV. Together, our results suggest that the invasive H. longicornis tick is a competent vector of POWV. These findings underline the growing danger this tick may pose to human health in the United States. Additional scholarship on the tick's biology, ecology, and pathogen transmission dynamics in nature will be important towards understanding the full public health impact of this invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R. Raney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Erik J. Herslebs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Ingeborg M. Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Madeline C. Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Meghan E. Hermance
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
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18
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Tatemoto K, Ishijima K, Kuroda Y, Mendoza MV, Inoue Y, Park E, Shimoda H, Sato Y, Suzuki T, Suzuki K, Morikawa S, Maeda K. Roles of raccoons in the transmission cycle of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:982-991. [PMID: 35650167 PMCID: PMC9353098 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection in raccoons in Wakayama Prefecture from 2007 to 2019. To perform surveillance, an
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established, and the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 100% in comparison with a 50% focus-reduction neutralization assay. Using the
established ELISA, we performed serosurveillance of SFTSV infection in 2,299 raccoons in Tanabe region, Wakayama Prefecture from 2007 to 2019. The first anti-SFTSV-positive raccoon was
captured in October 2009. The seroprevalence of SFTSV infection was <10% between April 2009 and March 2013, 23.9% between April 2013 and March 2014, 37.5% between April, 2014 and March
2015, and over 50% from April 2015. Next, we performed detection of SFTSV genes in sera of raccoons captured in Wakayama Prefecture after April 2013. The results indicated that 2.4% of
raccoons were positive for SFTSV genes and that the frequency of SFTSV infection among raccoons between January and March (0.7%) was lower than that between April and June (3.4%). In
addition, virus genes were detected from many specimens, including sera and feces of two raccoons, and viral antigens were detected in lymphoid cells in lymphoid follicles in the colon by
immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, SFTSV had recently invaded the area and had rapidly spread among wild animals. The first patient in this area was reported in June 2014,
indicating that raccoons are good sentinels for assessing the risk of SFTSV in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kango Tatemoto
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Keita Ishijima
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Yudai Kuroda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Milagros Virhuez Mendoza
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Eunsil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | | | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
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19
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Kim HG, Jung M, Lee DH. Seasonal activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis and Haemaphysalis flava (Acari: Ixodida), vectors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus, and their SFTS virus harboring rates in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 87:97-108. [PMID: 35767159 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal activity of ticks, including disease vectors of fatal severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus, was monitored using CO2-bait traps from April to November in 2019 and 2020 in a rural area in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Traps were deployed for 24 h once a month in four vegetation types: grassland, grave, mountain trail, and shrubs. A total of 4516 ticks were caught, all of which belong to the genus Haemaphysalis; larvae, nymphs, and adults were 41.9, 39.5, and 18.6%, respectively. The nymphs and adults belonged to two tick species, H. longicornis and H. flava, and H. longicornis was dominant, comprising 97.9% of the two stages collected. Larvae were identified only to the genus level due to difficulty of morphological distinction between species. For H. longicornis, nymph numbers peaked between April and June, followed by adults between June and July. Haemaphysalis larvae showed clear peaks in August. In general, H. longicornis nymphs and adults were most abundant in grassland, whereas larvae were so in the grave area. Collected ticks were pooled and subjected to PCR analysis to estimate SFTS virus harboring rate. In 2019, only one SFTS virus-positive sample was detected in June. However, a total of 18 SFTS-virus positive samples were detected from August to October in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Geun Kim
- Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology, Yeongyang-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36531, South Korea
| | - Minhyung Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea
| | - Doo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea.
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20
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Hashimoto T, Yahiro T, Yamada K, Kimitsuki K, Okuyama MW, Honda A, Kato M, Narimatsu H, Hiramatsu K, Nishizono A. Distribution of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus and Antiviral Antibodies in Wild and Domestic Animals in Oita Prefecture, Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:tpmd211130. [PMID: 35226873 PMCID: PMC9128675 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging life-threatening infectious disease caused by the tickborne SFTS virus (SFTSV), first identified in China in 2009 and then in Japan in 2013. Human SFTS cases were reported to be concentrated in western Japan, but the epidemiological conditions of SFTSV infection in a specific region are still obscure. We performed an epidemiological study of SFTSV in Oita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, located in western Japan. For our research, we collected sera from wild and domestic animals (deer, wild boars, raccoons, cats, and dogs) and ticks from January 2010 to November 2020 in Oita. The anti-SFTSV antibody positivity rate of deer in 2014 was significantly higher than that in 2011 (65% versus 27%, P < 0.001). The anti-SFTSV antibody positivity rates of deer, wild boars, raccoons, wild dogs, domestic dogs, and domestic cats were 55%, 12%, 27%, 1.8%, 0.53%, and 1.4%, respectively. Moreover, RT-PCR could not detect SFTSV in any tick sample. Of the six areas of Oita Prefecture, only the Eastern area showed no incidence or possibility of SFTSV infection among wild and domestic animals, ticks, and human beings. Further investigation is required to assess whether local seroepidemiology in animals will help assess the risk of SFTSV infections in inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Hashimoto
- Infection Control Center, Oita University Hospital, Oita, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yahiro
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimitsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Honda
- Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Oita, Japan
| | - Miki Kato
- Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Kazufumi Hiramatsu
- Infection Control Center, Oita University Hospital, Oita, Japan
- Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita, Japan
| | - Akira Nishizono
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
- Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita, Japan
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21
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Kang JG, Cho YK, Jo YS, Han SW, Chae JB, Park JE, Jeong H, Jheong WH, Chae JS. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2022; 60:65-71. [PMID: 35247957 PMCID: PMC8898643 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a zoonotic, tick-borne RNA virus of the genus Bandavirus (Family Phenuiviridae), mainly reported in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (Korea). For the purpose of this study, a total of 3,898 adult and nymphal ticks of species Haemaphysalis longicornis (94.2%), Haemaphysalis flava (5.0%), Ixodes nipponensis (0.8%), and 1 specimen of Ixodes ovatus, were collected from the Deogyusan National Park, Korea, between April 2016 and June 2018. A single-step reverse transcriptase–nested PCR was performed, targeting the S segment of the SFTSV RNA. Total infection rate (IR) of SFTSV in individual ticks was found to be 6.0%. Based on developmental stages, IR was 5.3% in adults and 6.0% in nymphs. The S segment sequences obtained from PCR were divided into 17 haplotypes. All haplotypes were phylogenetically clustered into clades B-2 and B-3, with 92.7% sequences in B-2 and 7.3% in B-3. These observations indicate that the Korean SFTSV strains were closer to the Japanese than the Chinese strains. Further epidemiological studies are necessary to better understand the characteristics of the Korean SFTSV and its transmission cycle in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531,
Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Young-Sun Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407,
Korea
| | - Hyesung Jeong
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407,
Korea
| | - Weon-Hwa Jheong
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407,
Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
- Corresponding author ()
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22
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Vectors, Hosts, and the Possible Risk Factors Associated with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2021; 2021:8518189. [PMID: 34777671 PMCID: PMC8580678 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8518189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a disease caused by infection with the SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTS has become a crucial public health concern because of the heavy burden, lack of vaccines, effective therapies, and high-fatality rate. Evidence suggests that SFTSV circulates between ticks and animals in nature and is transmitted to humans by tick bites. In particular, ticks have been implicated as vectors of SFTSV, where domestic or wild animals may play as the amplifying hosts. Many studies have identified antigens and antibodies against SFTSV in various animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, and rodents. Besides, person-to-person transmission through contact with blood or mucous of an infected person has also been reported. In this study, we reviewed the literature and summarized the vectors and hosts associated with SFTS and the possible risk factors.
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23
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Analysis of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Critical Ill Patients in Central China. Shock 2021; 54:451-457. [PMID: 32097243 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonosis infected by virus (SFTSV) in central and eastern China, which is associated with high mortality. However, limited clinical data have been reported about this critical illness. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective cohort study in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with SFTSV infection admitted in 2014 to 2019. Diagnosis was confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on serum samples. RESULTS One hundred sixteen patients with SFTSV infection were included (mean age 63 ± 9 years, 59 [51.3%] males). Non-survivors (43.1%) were older, and had lower Glasgow Coma Score, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and sequential organ failure assessment score at ICU admission. In addition, non-survivors had more severe respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2: 208 ± 14 mm Hg vs. 297 ± 15 mm Hg), more frequent shock (25[50%] vs. 7[10.6%]), and required more frequently mechanical ventilation (78% vs. 19.7%; P < 0.001) and vasopressor support (56% vs. 9.1%; P < 0.001). Non-survivors experienced more obvious monocyte loss. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, older age, elevated lactate level, and elevated creatinine level were the independent risk factors for death. CONCLUSION We provided knowledge about the clinical characteristics of SFTS admitted in ICU. Older age, elevated lactate level, and elevated creatinine level may be useful for identifying patients with poor outcome and intensive medical intervention can be provided for patients as soon as possible to reduce mortality.
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24
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Wang B, He Z, Yi Z, Yuan C, Suo W, Pei S, Li Y, Ma H, Wang H, Xu B, Guo W, Huang X. Application of a decision tree model in the early identification of severe patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255033. [PMID: 34329338 PMCID: PMC8324211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a serious infectious disease with a fatality of up to 30%. To identify the severity of SFTS precisely and quickly is important in clinical practice. Methods From June to July 2020, 71 patients admitted to the Infectious Department of Joint Logistics Support Force No. 990 Hospital were enrolled in this study. The most frequently observed symptoms and laboratory parameters on admission were collected by investigating patients’ electronic records. Decision trees were built to identify the severity of SFTS. Accuracy and Youden’s index were calculated to evaluate the identification capacity of the models. Results Clinical characteristics, including body temperature (p = 0.011), the size of the lymphadenectasis (p = 0.021), and cough (p = 0.017), and neurologic symptoms, including lassitude (p<0.001), limb tremor (p<0.001), hypersomnia (p = 0.009), coma (p = 0.018) and dysphoria (p = 0.008), were significantly different between the mild and severe groups. As for laboratory parameters, PLT (p = 0.006), AST (p<0.001), LDH (p<0.001), and CK (p = 0.003) were significantly different between the mild and severe groups of SFTS patients. A decision tree based on laboratory parameters and one based on demographic and clinical characteristics were built. Comparing with the decision tree based on demographic and clinical characteristics, the decision tree based on laboratory parameters had a stronger prediction capacity because of its higher accuracy and Youden’s index. Conclusion Decision trees can be applied to predict the severity of SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiquan He
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Yi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chun Yuan
- Joint Logistics Support Force NO.990 Hospital, Xinyang, China
| | - Wenshuai Suo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujun Pei
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bianli Xu
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanshen Guo
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Jin K, Koh YJ, Ahn SK, Cho J, Lim J, Song J, Lee J, Gong YW, Kwon MJ, Kwon HW, Bahk YY, Kim TS. Hard Ticks as Vectors Tested Negative for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Ganghwa-do, Korea during 2019-2020. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:281-289. [PMID: 34218600 PMCID: PMC8255492 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from April to November 2019 and 2020 on Ganghwa-do, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The ticks were collected at grassland, grave site, copse and mountain road using a collection trap method. The ixodid hard ticks comprising three species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) collected were 6,622 in 2019 and 3,811 in 2020. H. longicornis was the most frequent (97.9% in 2019 and 96.0% in 2020), followed by H. flava (2.0% and 3.0% in 2019 and 2020, respectively) and I. nipponensis (less than 0.1%). Our study demonstrated that seasonal patterns of the tick populations examined for two years were totally unsimilar. The hard ticks tested using RT-qPCR were all negative for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin
- Korea Health Evaluation Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ja Koh
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Ahn
- Department of Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Joonghee Cho
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Junghwan Lim
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Young Woo Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Mun Ju Kwon
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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26
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Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome from 2010 to 2019 in Mainland China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063092. [PMID: 33802869 PMCID: PMC8002760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease and that is a severe threat to public health considering its high fatality and person-to-person transmission. In order to obtain an updated and deep understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS in mainland China, we used Pearson’s chi-squared test to compare the fatality rate and demographic characteristics in different groups. Data were analyzed in R3.6.1 (R Development Core Team 2018), while the visualization was performed in ArcGIS 10 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA), and the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. A total of 13,824 SFTS cases involving 8899 lab-confirmed cases and 4925 probable cases were reported and included in the epidemiological analysis. Our study found that the number of SFTS cases showed an increasing trend with a small decrease in the past three years. The laboratory-confirmed rate was about 64.4%, which varied between different years and areas. Although most cases (99.3%) were distributed in 7 provinces (Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Liaoning, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu), the regional distribution of SFTS gradually expanded from 5 provinces in 2010 to 25 provinces by 2019, especially at the town level. The SFTS cases were mainly sporadic. A total of 96.5% occurred from April to October, and 93.3% of cases were concentrated in middle-aged and elderly people (40–84 years old). Farmers were the main high-risk population. Female cases were slightly more than male cases; however, there were differences between different provinces. The mortality rate showed an increasing trend with age. Overall, the SFTS cases were mainly middle-aged and elderly farmers that sporadically distributed throughout seven provinces with a spatially expanding trend. The laboratory-confirmed rate varied in different years and provinces, which implied that the diagnosis and report criteria for SFTS should be further updated and unified in order to get a better understanding of its epidemiological characteristics and provide scientific data for SFTS control.
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27
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Sato Y, Mekata H, Sudaryatma PE, Kirino Y, Yamamoto S, Ando S, Sugimoto T, Okabayashi T. Isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from Various Tick Species in Area with Human Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Cases. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:378-384. [PMID: 33535015 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), caused by Dabie bandavirus, generally called SFTS virus (SFTSV), is an emerging zoonosis in East Asia. In Japan, 50-100 cases of SFTS have been reported each year since the first case was reported in 2013. SFTS is a tick-borne infectious disease, and SFTSV has been isolated from ticks in China and South Korea. Haemaphysalis longicornis and Amblyomma testudinarium are considered the primary vectors in Japan. However, the other tick species seldom feeding on humans might also play an important role in maintaining the virus in nature. In this study, we collected ticks on vegetation around the location where two SFTS patients were estimated to have been infected in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, isolated live SFTSV, and performed a phylogenetic analysis. A total of 257 ticks were collected, and SFTSV RNA was detected in 19.5% (9/46) of tick pools. A total of 10 infectious SFTSVs were successfully isolated from A. testudinarium, Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis formosensis, Haemaphysalis hystricis, and Haemaphysalis megaspinosa. Furthermore, the whole viral sequences isolated from ticks were highly homologous to sequences isolated from SFTS patients in the same sampling area in the past. These results suggest that SFTSVs are maintained in these tick species in the sampling area and sporadically transmitted to humans. Surveillance of SFTSV in ticks provides important information about the risk of incidental transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Mekata
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Putu Eka Sudaryatma
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yumi Kirino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Seigo Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Ando
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sugimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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28
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Identification of recently identified tick-borne viruses (Dabieshan tick virus and SFTSV) by metagenomic analysis in ticks from Shandong Province, China. J Infect 2020; 81:973-978. [PMID: 33115659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to systematically examine the variety of viruses maintained in ticks from Shandong Province. A total of 2522 ticks were sampled from five cities of Shandong Province and divided into 264 pools according to location and species. Viral megagenomic analysis revealed the sequences of two viruses, Dabieshan tick virus and SFTSV. Then qRT-PCR and nested PCR were performed to confirm the presence of corresponding pathogens, which showed positive results for Dabieshan tick virus and SFTSV, with a minimum infection rate of 0.67% (17/2522) and 2.5% (63/2522), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Dabieshan tick virus formed a monophyletic cluster with the Yongjia tick virus and Uukuniemi virus from China, and SFTSV shared over 95% identity with human and animal derived isolates. These findings are the first time to demonstrate molecular evidence of Dabieshan tick virus in unrecognized endemic regions and indicate the need for further investigation.
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29
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Huang XY, He ZQ, Wang BH, Hu K, Li Y, Guo WS. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of transmission mode. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e239. [PMID: 32993819 PMCID: PMC7584033 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a disease with a high case-fatality rate that is caused by infection with the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Five electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published from 1 January 2011 to 1 December 2019. The pooled rates with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by a fixed-effect or random-effect model analysis. The results showed that 92 articles were included in this meta-analysis. For the confirmed SFTS cases, the case-fatality rate was 0.15 (95% CI 0.11, 0.18). Two hundred and ninety-six of 1384 SFTS patients indicated that they had been bitten by ticks and the biting rate was 0.21 (95% CI 0.16, 0.26). The overall pooled seroprevalence of SFTSV antibodies among the healthy population was 0.04 (95% CI 0.03, 0.05). For the overall seroprevalence of SFTSV in animals, the seroprevalence of SFTSV was 0.25 (95% CI 0.20, 0.29). The infection rate of SFTSV in ticks was 0.08 (95% CI 0.05, 0.11). In conclusion, ticks can serve as transmitting vectors of SFTSVs and reservoir hosts. Animals can be infected by tick bites, and as a reservoir host, SFTSV circulates continuously between animals and ticks in nature. Humans are infected by tick bites and direct contact with patient secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Y. Huang
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z. Q. He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - B. H. Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - K. Hu
- Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y. Li
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - W. S. Guo
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Hu YY, Zhuang L, Liu K, Sun Y, Dai K, Zhang XA, Zhang PH, Feng ZC, Li H, Liu W. Role of three tick species in the maintenance and transmission of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008368. [PMID: 32520966 PMCID: PMC7307786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus in the Bunyaviridae family, causing SFTS with high mortality rate. Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks has been demonstrated as a competent vector of SFTSV by experimental transmission study and field study. However, there has been query whether other tick species that infest human beings in the SFTS endemic regions are capable of transmitting the pathogen. Here by performing experimental transmission study, we compared the capable of transmitting SFTSV among Ixodes sinensis, Ixodes persulcatus and Dermacentor silvarum ticks. The transovarial transmission was seen in the I. sinensis ticks with a rate of 40%, but neither in I. persulcatus nor in D. silvarum ticks. I. sinensis ticks also have the ability to transmit SFTSV horizontally to uninfected mice at 7 days after feeding, but not for I. persalcatus or D. silvarum ticks. In the transstadial transmission of I. persulcatus and D. silvarum ticks, I. persulcatus ticks were tested negative from larvae to adults. But the D. silvarum ticks were tested positive from larvae to nymphs, with the positive rate of 100% (10/10) for engorged larval ticks and 81.25% (13/16) for molted nymphs. However, the mice bitten by SFTSV-infected D. silvarum nymphs were negative for SFTSV detection. Therefore, there is not enough evidence to prove the transstadial transmission of SFTSV in I. persalcatus and D. silvarum ticks. Due to its wide distribution and high fatality rate (16%-30%), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has been listed in the top 10 priority diseases blueprint by the world health organization (WHO) in 2017. SFTSV is a novel phlebovirus in the Bunyaviridae family, and Haemaphysalis longicornis tick has been demonstrated as a competent vector of SFTSV by experimental transmission study and field study. However, there are many other tick species that infest human beings in the SFTS endemic regions. Therefore, it’s neccessary to query whether these tick species are capable of transmitting SFTSV. The authors found that in addition to H. longicornis ticks, Ixodes sinensis ticks also served as an efficient vector capable of transovarial transmitting SFTSV, therefore posing as a potential threat in causing the circulation of SFTSV. In contrast, Dermacentor silvarum and Ixodes persulcatus ticks might not serve as an efficient vector of transmitting SFTSV. This research will provide important reference for the surveillance of SFTSV and the disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Hu
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhuang
- Affiliated Bayi Children’s Hospital, The 7th Medical Center of People’s Liberation Amy General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ke Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pan-He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chun Feng
- Affiliated Bayi Children’s Hospital, The 7th Medical Center of People’s Liberation Amy General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (HL); (WL)
| | - Wei Liu
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (HL); (WL)
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Kim-Jeon MD, Jegal S, Jun H, Jung H, Park SH, Ahn SK, Lee J, Gong YW, Joo K, Kwon MJ, Roh JY, Lee WG, Bahk YY, Kim TS. Four Year Surveillance of the Vector Hard Ticks for SFTS, Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:691-698. [PMID: 31914523 PMCID: PMC6960244 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was monitored with a collection trap method every April to November during 2015–2018 and with a flagging method every July and August during 2015–2018 in Ganghwa-do (island) of Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea. This monitoring was performed in a copse, a short grass field, coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest. A total of 17,457 ticks (8,277 larvae, 4,137 nymphs, 3,389 females, and 1,654 males) of the ixodid ticks comprising 3 species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) were collected with collection traps. Of the identified ticks, H. longicornis was the most frequently collected ticks (except larval ticks) (94.26%, 8,653/9,180 ticks (nymphs and adults)), followed by H. flava (5.71%, 524/9,180) and Ix. nipponensis (less than 0.04%, 3/9,180). The ticks collected with collecting traps were pooled and assayed for the presence of SFTS virus with negative results. In addition, for monitoring the prevalence of hard ticks, a total of 7,461 ticks (5,529 larvae, 1,272 nymphs, 469 females, and 191 males) of the ixodid ticks comprising 3 species (H. longicornis, H. flava, and Ix. nipponensis) were collected with flagging method. H. longicornis was the highest collected ticks (except larval ticks) (99.53%, 1,908/1,917 ticks (nymphs and adults)), followed by H. flava (1.15%, 22/1,917).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Seung Jegal
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Hojong Jun
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Haneul Jung
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Seo Hye Park
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Ahn
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Young Woo Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Kwangsig Joo
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Mun Ju Kwon
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, Korea
| | - Jong Yul Roh
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Wook-Gyo Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Immune Modulation and Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis of Emerging Tickborne Banyangviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040125. [PMID: 31547199 PMCID: PMC6963857 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the emergence of several, novel tickborne viruses have caused significant disease in humans. Of interest are the tickborne banyangviruses: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus (HRTV), and Guertu virus (GTV). SFTSV and HRTV infection in humans cause viral hemorrhagic fever-like disease leading to mortality rates ranging from 6–30% of the cases. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with SFTSV infection is hypothesized to contribute significantly to pathology seen in patients. Despite the severe disease caused by HRTV and SFTSV, there are no approved therapeutics or vaccines. Investigation of the immune response during and following infection is critical to the generation of fully protective vaccines and/or supportive treatments, and overall understanding of viral immune evasion mechanisms may aid in the development of a new class of therapeutics.
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Susceptibility of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) to experimental infection with the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006982. [PMID: 31276495 PMCID: PMC6636776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging human pathogen naturally transmitted by ticks, has spread widely since it was first detected in 2010. Although SFTSV-specific antibodies have been detected in wild birds, these natural reservoir and amplifying hosts for the virus have not been well studied. Methodology/Principle findings Here we report an experimental infection of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) with two strains of SFTSV, JS2010-14, a Chinese lineage strain, and JS2014-16, a Japanese lineage strain, which represent the main viral genotypes currently circulating in East Asia. In these studies, we have determined that spotted doves are susceptible to SFTSV and the severity of the viremia is dose-dependent. When challenged with 107 and 105 PFU, all doves developed viremia which peaked 3–5 days post infection (dpi). Only a subset (25–62.5%) of the birds developed viremia when challenged at 103 PFU. Virulence of SFTSV in spotted doves was strain dependent. Infection with 107 PFU of strain JS2014-16 resulted in 12.5% mortality over 6.8 days and mean peak viremia titers of 106.9 PFU/mL in experimentally inoculated birds. All doves inoculated with 107 PFU of the JS2010-14 strain survived infection with relatively lower mean viremia titers (105.6 PFU/mL at peak) over 6.1 days. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that spotted doves, one of the most abundant bird species in China, could be a competent amplifying host for SFTSV and play an important role in its ecology. Between the two SFTSV strains, the strain of the Japanese lineage caused mortality, higher viremia titers in infected birds over a longer time period than did the Chinese strain. Our observations shed light on the ecology of SFTSV, which could benefit the implementation of surveillance and control programs. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging human pathogen naturally transmitted by ticks. Our recent study has showed that some species of migratory birds, such as swan geese and spotted doves, can be parasitized by Haemaphysalis longicornis, an SFTSV vector, and antibodies against the SFTSV detected in these species. These data demonstrate that migratory birds are infected with SFTSV and may also play a role in the infection of ticks with SFTSV. Other studies have reported that migratory bird routes and the distribution of H. longicornis in East Asia overlap with the geographic distribution of SFTSV. Migratory birds are known to be carriers and transmitters of infectious agents, like the causative agents of influenza, West Nile encephalitis, and Lyme disease. Wild birds often travel long distances carrying various parasites, including ticks, which may be infected with viruses and bacteria. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that migratory birds may have played an important role in spreading SFTSV in two potential transmission scenarios: 1) birds are infected with the virus and transmit it back to ticks endemically or in a distal region, or 2) they are carriers of parasitic ticks that are infected with the virus. Here we report an experimental infection of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) with two strains of SFTSV, JS2010-14 from a Chinese lineage and JS2014-16 from a Japanese lineage, which represent the main viral genotypes currently circulating in East Asia. We determined that spotted doves are susceptible to SFTSV and that the severity of the viremia was dose and strain dependent. Infection with the strain of JS2014-16 led to a death rate of 12.5% and higher viremia titers in experimentally inoculated birds while doves inoculated with the JS2010-14 strain survived infection with relatively lower virus titers in the blood. These findings provide novel insights for understanding the rapid spread of the virus in a short time span, in particular the SFTSV strains from the Japanese lineage (genotype E).
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Yasuo K, Nishiura H. Spatial epidemiological determinants of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Miyazaki, Japan: a GWLR modeling study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:498. [PMID: 31174484 PMCID: PMC6556057 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) have increasingly been observed in Miyazaki, southwest Japan. It is critical to identify and elucidate the risk factors of infection at community level. In the present study, we aimed to identify areas with a high risk of SFTS virus infection using a geospatial dataset of SFTS cases in Miyazaki. Methods Using 10 × 10-km mesh data and a geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) model, we examined the statistical associations between environmental variables and spatial variation in the risk of SFTS. We collected geospatial and population census data as well as forest and agriculture mesh information. Altitude and farmland were selected as two specific variables for predicting the presence of SFTS cases in a given mesh area. Results Using GWLR, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was estimated at 73.9%, outperforming the classical logistic regression model (72.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of the GWLR model were estimated at 90.9 and 58.7%, respectively. We identified altitude (odds ratio (OR) = 0.996, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.994–0.999 per one-meter elevation) and farmland (OR = 0.999, 95% CI: 0.998–1.000 per % increase) as useful negative predictors of SFTS cases in Miyazaki. Conclusions Our study findings revealed that the risk of SFTS is high in geographic areas where farmland area begins to diminish and at mid-level altitudes. Our findings can help to improve the efficiency of ecological and animal surveillance in high-risk areas. Using finer geographic resolution, such surveillance can help raise awareness among local residents in areas with a high risk of SFTS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4111-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yasuo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Jo Nishi 7 Chome, Sapporo, Japan.,Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, 3-1 Kita 33 Jo, Higashi 14 Chome, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Jo Nishi 7 Chome, Sapporo, Japan.
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Hu J, Li Z, Cai J, Liu D, Zhang X, Jiang R, Guo X, Liu D, Zhang Y, Cui L, Shen J, Zhu F, Bao C. A Cluster of Bunyavirus-Associated Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Cases in a Coastal Plain Area in China, 2015: Identification of a Previously Unidentified Endemic Region for Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Bunyavirus. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz209. [PMID: 31211156 PMCID: PMC6559278 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a typical tick-borne, natural focal disease. The natural foci of SFTS were considered to exist in hilly and mountainous areas before 2015. A cluster of 3 patients exposed to a patient with a fulminant disease consistent with SFTS occurred from July to August 2015 in Dongtai County, which is characterized by alluvial plains; this prompted investigation. Methods The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of 4 patients in the cluster were analyzed. Serum samples from the indigenous healthy population and native domesticated animals were collected to conduct laboratory tests, along with small wild animals and ticks. Results In 3 secondary case patients, high fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia developed within 8-13 days after contact with blood or bloody secretions from the index patient; SFTS was then diagnosed by means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genomic sequencing and analysis of S and L segments of 2 viral strains isolated from 2 secondary case patients showed that they shared 99.8%-99.9% homology in nucleotide sequence. The seroprevalences among indigenous healthy population, native livestock, native poultry, and small wild animals was 0.74%, 17.54%, 6.67%, and 1.12%, respectively. Three questing ticks, 61 feeding ticks, and 178 small wild animals were collected in August 2015. Survey on tick density and seasonal fluctuation in 2016 showed that ticks were active from March to October. All ticks were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia bunyavirus (SFTSV)-specific RNA was detected in the ticks collected in 2016, and the minimum SFTSV infection rate in these ticks was 0.54% (1 of 185).Wild mammals and ticks collected in August 2015 tested negative for SFTSV-specific RNA. Conclusions Aside from hilly or mountainous area, a coastal plain was identified as the natural foci of SFTSV in Dongtai County, China. The involvement of migration in the evolution of SFTSV might lead to a transregional transmission event of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Jiaping Cai
- Dongtai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Donglin Liu
- Dongtai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Renjie Jiang
- Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongtai, China
| | - Xilin Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Jinjin Shen
- Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongtai, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
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Gong L, Song D, Lyu Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yang M, Wu J, Ma L, Xu X, Gao W, Su B. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices regarding Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Endemic Areas of Anhui Province, Eastern China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:652-658. [PMID: 30675836 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess baseline knowledge, attitudes, and practices about severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and identify the target population for health education programs in endemic areas of Anhui, China. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2017. Of 752 participants, 383 (50.9%) were from Nanqiao District, 397 (52.8%) were female, and 430 (57.2%) were farmers; 37.4% had heard about SFTS, but knowledge of symptoms and signs including fever (34.2%), leukopenia (8.0%), and thrombocytopenia (10.1%) was low. Only 12.1% knew that SFTS virus is transmitted by ticks, 9.4% realized that the blood and body fluid of SFTS are infectious, and only 38.2% thought that the tick should be paralyzed using medical alcohol or iodine. Meanwhile, 61.3% wore long-sleeve clothes, whereas 20.2% used repellents. Median scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and the total score were 4.0, 6.0, 5.0, and 16.0, respectively. Knowledge was influenced by region (OR = 0.632, 95% CI: 0.399-0.999), education (OR = 0.516, 95% CI: 0.434-0.612), gender (OR = 1.865, 95% CI: 1.165-2.987), and age (OR = 3.406, 95% CI: 2.345-4.947). Education was a predictor of lack of appreciation of infection risk (OR = 0.519, 95% CI: 0.449-0.599) and practice (OR = 0.481, 95% CI: 0.396-0.584). Our findings indicate that SFTS-related health education programs are required for females; participants from Qianshan Prefecture; those with an occupation of farmer, retiree, houseworker, or unemployed; elderly participants; and those with low education. Large-scale sustainable health education programs focusing on the target populations are urgently needed in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Lyu
- Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Anqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anqing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Chuzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chuzhou, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Xuancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuancheng, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Li Ma
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Xuewei Xu
- Chuzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Gao
- Anqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anqing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
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Extensive Diversity of RNA Viruses in Australian Ticks. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01358-18. [PMID: 30404810 PMCID: PMC6340049 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01358-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year a growing number of individuals along the east coast of Australia experience debilitating disease following tick bites. As there is no evidence for the presence of the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferisensu lato, in Australian ticks, the etiological basis of this disease syndrome remains controversial. To characterize the viruses associated with Australian ticks, particularly those that might be associated with mammalian infection, we performed unbiased RNA sequencing on 146 ticks collected across two locations along the coast of New South Wales, Australia. This revealed 19 novel RNA viruses from a diverse set of families. Notably, three of these viruses clustered with known mammalian viruses, including a novel coltivirus that was related to the human pathogen Colorado tick fever virus. Understanding the microbiome of ticks in Australia is of considerable interest given the ongoing debate over whether Lyme disease and its causative agent, the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferisensu lato, are present in Australia. The diversity of bacteria infecting Australian ticks has been studied using both culture- and metagenomics-based techniques. However, little is known about the virome of Australian ticks, including whether this includes viruses with the potential to infect mammals. We used a meta-transcriptomics approach to reveal the diversity and evolution of viruses from Australian ticks collected from two locations on the central east coast of Australia, including metropolitan Sydney. From this we identified 19 novel RNA viruses belonging to 12 families, as well as 1 previously described RNA virus. The majority of these viruses were related to arthropod-associated viruses, suggesting that they do not utilize mammalian hosts. However, two novel viruses discovered in ticks feeding on bandicoot marsupials clustered closely within the mammal-associated hepacivirus and pestivirus groups (family Flaviviridae). Another bandicoot tick yielded a novel coltivirus (family Reoviridae), a group of largely tick-associated viruses containing the known human pathogen Colorado tick fever virus and its relative, Eyach virus. Importantly, our transcriptomic data provided no evidence for the presence of B. burgdorferisensu lato in any tick sample, providing further evidence against the presence of Lyme disease in Australia. In sum, this study reveals that Australian ticks harbor a diverse virome, including some viruses that merit additional screening in the context of emerging infectious disease. IMPORTANCE Each year a growing number of individuals along the east coast of Australia experience debilitating disease following tick bites. As there is no evidence for the presence of the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferisensu lato, in Australian ticks, the etiological basis of this disease syndrome remains controversial. To characterize the viruses associated with Australian ticks, particularly those that might be associated with mammalian infection, we performed unbiased RNA sequencing on 146 ticks collected across two locations along the coast of New South Wales, Australia. This revealed 19 novel RNA viruses from a diverse set of families. Notably, three of these viruses clustered with known mammalian viruses, including a novel coltivirus that was related to the human pathogen Colorado tick fever virus.
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Jo YS, Kang JG, Chae JB, Cho YK, Shin JH, Jheong WH, Chae JS. Prevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks Collected from National Parks in Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 19:284-289. [PMID: 30481146 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral disease in East Asian countries, including China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). The causative agent of SFTS is the SFTS virus (SFTSV), which is transmitted by ticks. To investigate the prevalence of SFTSV in the ROK, a total of 9744 ticks were collected from vegetation in five national parks between July and November 2015. Of the collected adult and nymph ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis (68.44%) was the most abundant, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (29.66%), Ixodes nipponensis (1.56%), and Amblyomma testudinarium (0.34%). Collected larval ticks were of the genera Haemaphysalis (99.61%) and Ixodes (0.39%). One-step RT-PCR and nested PCR were used to detect SFTSV-specific genes from each individual adult and nymph tick and pooled larval ticks. SFTSV was detected in 4.77% (48/1006) in H. longicornis, 1.15% (5/436) in H. flava, 0% (0/23) in I. nipponensis, and 20% (1/5) in A. testudinarium. The infection rate of SFTSV in adult and nymph ticks was 3.61%. The prevalence of SFTSV in adult and nymph ticks was relatively high, compared with previous reports. In larval ticks, the minimum infection rate was 0.31%. SFTSV was detected in ticks collected from both trail and nontrail areas in the national parks, and up to 800 meters above sea level. The sequences obtained showed 99.4-99.7% homology with SFTS virus S segment sequences from Chinese and Japanese ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Jo
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Shin
- 2 Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Hwa Jheong
- 2 Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li D, Shao L, Bi Y, Niu G. Neutralizing antibodies to Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in general population, Shandong Province, China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15401. [PMID: 30337627 PMCID: PMC6193936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV) in East Asia. The research on seroprevalence of SFTSV in healthy people and risk factors had been detailed. However, the levels of neutralizing antibodies against SFTSV in general population were currently unclear. In the present study, we tested 1375 healthy persons from Penglai County, eastern China, for SFTSV neutralizing antibodies; 0.58% (8/1,375) was positive and the positive rates were not significantly different among people at different age groups, occupations and genders. Besides, a follow-up study was conducted and the titer of neutralizing antibodies decreased over time in all eight people but one, and the neutralizing antibodies of five lasted for the entire study period of seven years. Our results suggesting that subclinical infection or a relatively mild form of SFTS illness is occurring in this population, but a small percentage of sera have neutralizing capacity to SFTSV. Hence, most people are just susceptible to SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Li
- School of Public Health and management, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.,Laboratory Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 155 Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lijun Shao
- School of Public Health and management, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yu Bi
- School of Public Health and management, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Guoyu Niu
- School of Public Health and management, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China. .,Laboratory Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 155 Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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40
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Xu H, Wei Y, Ma H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hu L, Li J. Alterations of Gut Microbiome in the Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2315. [PMID: 30327643 PMCID: PMC6174290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by SFTS virus, and the number of SFTS cases increased year by year in China. Previous studies had indicated that gut microbiome closely associated with human health and diseases, including infection diseases, liver diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the alterations and involvements of gut microbial in SFTS patients. We compared the gut microbiome of 26 SFTS patients between 20 health controls using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Reduced gut microbiota diversity and dramatic shifts of fecal microbial composition in SFTS patients were observed compared with health controls. In the intestinal microbial of SFTS patients, the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae which could produce short-chain fatty acids were clearly dropped compared with health people, meanwhile, Sutterella which have anti-inflammation properties were reduced too. On the contrary, some common opportunistic pathogens like Enterococcus and Streptococcus and endotoxin-producing bacteria Escherichia which could rise the risk of infections were increased in SFTS patients than healthy people, in addition lactate-producing bacteria Lactobacillaceae also significantly increased in SFTS patients. In addition, research findings on the correlation between gut microbiota and biochemical data found that the changes of gut microbiota of SFTS patients were closely associated with clinical symptoms, key serum enzymes, infection and mortality. These alterations of gut microbiome in SFTS patients suggest the potential contributions of gut microbial to the pathogenesis of SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China.,Department of Hospital Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongqiu Ma
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
| | - Lifen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
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Li ZB, Liu GH, Cheng TY. Molecular characterization of hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis from China by sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2018; 74:171-176. [PMID: 29392465 PMCID: PMC5847221 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the entire first and second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of Haemaphysalis longicornis from China were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The 45 representative amplicons were sequenced, and sequence variation in the ITS was examined. The ITS sequences of H. longicornis were 3644 bp in size, including the part of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA sequences and the complete ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2 sequences. Sequence analysis revealed that the ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2 of this hard tick were 1582, 152, and 1610 bp in size, respectively. The intra-specific sequence variations of ITS-1 and ITS-2 within H. longicornis were 0-2 and 0-2.2%; however, the inter-specific sequence differences among members of the genus Haemaphysalis were significantly higher, being 35.1-55.2 and 37-52% for ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively. The molecular approach employed in this study provides the foundation for further studies of the genetic variation of H. longicornis from different hosts and geographical origins in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bo Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yin Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Tian H, Yu P, Chowell G, Li S, Wei J, Tian H, Lv W, Han Z, Yang J, Huang S, Zhou S, Brownstein JS, Wang J, Xu B. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Humans, Domesticated Animals, Ticks, and Mosquitoes, Shaanxi Province, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1346-1349. [PMID: 28719252 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe first human infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was detected in Shaanxi Province, China, in 2013, although the virus had been reported in 13 other provinces of China since 2010. We collected and analyzed a total of 4,011 samples, including 936 human serum samples, 155 animal serum samples, 895 ticks, 1,950 mosquitoes, 30 midges, and 20 sandflies. SFTSV antibodies were found in 44 human samples (4.7%) with no significant differences between males and females or across counties. The incidence rate of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome was significantly higher among individuals 20-60 years of age. Moreover, SFTSV-specific antibodies were detected in goats (66.7%), cattle (13.2%), and dogs (15.0%), but not in pigs (0%). We detected the virus in Haemaphysalis concinna ticks with a prevalence rate of 21.3% (17/80 pools). All mosquito, midge, and sandfly samples were negative for SFTSV. These results support wide circulation of the virus in western China. Haemaphysalis concinna ticks may serve as a novel SFTSV vector, and the role of these ticks requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Gerardo Chowell
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shen Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Baoji Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Baoji, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongqi Han
- Long County Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province, Baoji, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John S Brownstein
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Silvas JA, Aguilar PV. The Emergence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:992-996. [PMID: 28820686 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly recognized hemorrhagic fever disease found throughout Asia with a case fatality rate between 12% and 30%. Since 2009, SFTS has been reported in China throughout 14 Chinese Provinces. In addition, SFTS has been recognized in South Korea and Japan with the first confirmed cases reported in 2012. A similar disease, caused by the closely related Heartland virus, was also reported in the United States in 2009. SFTS is caused by SFTS virus, a novel tick-borne virus in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus. Unlike other mosquito- and sandfly-borne bunyaviruses, SFTS virus has not been extensively studied due to its recent emergence and many unknowns regarding its pathogenesis, life cycle, transmission, and options for therapeutics remains. In this review, we report the most current findings in SFTS virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A Silvas
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Patricia V Aguilar
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Increased Prevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Eastern China Clustered with Multiple Genotypes and Reasserted Virus during 2010-2015. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6503. [PMID: 28747674 PMCID: PMC5529542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a novel tick-borne viral disease with high mortality. Since January 2010, we have conducted an epidemiological surveillance and etiological study of SFTS in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. From January 2010 through December 2015, a total of 286 SFTS cases were confirmed in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces with a case fatality rate of 16.1%. The majority of confirmed SFTS cases were distributed in the border area of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Our findings suggest that the SFTS prevalence rate rose since 2010 and reached its highest in 2015. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the majority of the SFTSV strains (83.6%) from Jiangsu and Anhui provinces belonged to genotypes A and D. Notably, we identified three strains of SFTSV clustered into the genotype E. This is the first report of the genotype E SFTSV strains in mainland of China. A reassortment between genotype A and D was found in the central region of the endemic areas, where three SFTSV genotypes (A, C and D) were co-circulating.
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45
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Hu J, Li Z, Hong L, Bao C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, He H, Wang X, Liu W, Peng Z, Shi L, Zhu F. Preliminary fast diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome with clinical and epidemiological parameters. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180256. [PMID: 28678811 PMCID: PMC5497983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify specific clinical and epidemiological parameters for clinical diagnosis of SFTSV infection with relatively higher accuracy. Methods 231 suspected cases of SFTS were reported by various medical institutions from 2011 to 2013 in Jiangsu Province, China. They were followed with SFTSV diagnosis tests and interview-administered questionnaires about demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms and epidemiological exposure factors. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to examine the diagnostic value of these parameters. Results SFTSV infection occurred only from April to October annually and usually in hilly areas of specific regions. Three prediction models of SFTSV infection were constructed. Model 3 with clinical and epidemiological parameters combined the benefits of both Model 1and Model 2, which was optimal and had an overall accuracy of 80.2%. Independent indicators for clinical diagnosis of SFTSV infection in Model 3 were as follows: lymphadenopathy (P = 0.01), leucopenia (P<0.01), age >50 years (P = 0.01), tick bites (P<0.01), raising domestic animals in the residential areas (P<0.01) and farming (P = 0.03). Conclusions Our results show that using a combination of clinical and epidemiological parameters may be a feasible strategy to provide preliminary fast diagnosis as differentiating SFTSV infection from SFTS-like diseases, thus reducing the risk of misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Hu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Gulou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wendong Liu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Shi
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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Li P, Tong ZD, Li KF, Tang A, Dai YX, Yan JB. Seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175592. [PMID: 28399161 PMCID: PMC5388504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus-SFTSV. The seroprevalence of anti-SFTSV antibodies including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), specific to SFTSV in the general population has been investigated in various epidemiological studies with inconsistent results. Here, we clarify this discrepancy and reach a more comprehensive result by mean of a meta-analysis. Methods All relevant articles were searched in the electronic databases (PubMed, Web of science, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Chinese Wanfang database) up to November 2016. The pooled seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by random- or fixed- model on the basis of heterogeneity. Results In total, 21 studies containing 23,848 blood samples from 7 provinces were included in this meta-analysis. The minimum and maximum reported seroprevalences of SFTSV among humans in China were 0.23% and 9.17%, respectively. The overall pooled seroprevalence of SFTSV antibodies was 4.3% (95%CI: 3.2%-5.5%). The pooled prevalence was 5.9% (95%CI: 4.7%-7.0%) in Zhejiang province, 4.9% (95%CI: 4.1–5.8%) in Anhui province, 3.9% (95%CI: 1.3%-6.4%) in Shandong province, and 0.7% (95%CI: 0.2%-1.1%) in Jiangsu province. Stratified by occupation, the pooled prevalence of farmer was 6.1% (95%CI: 3.4%-8.9%) and others (mainly are students) was 3.3% (95%CI: 2.4%-4.2%). Additionally, seroprevalence of SFTSV in people who lived in the same village with the patient were higher than that of people who lived in a different village. Seropositive rates in sampling years after 2012 were higher than that before 2012. The prevalence of SFTSV did not differ by age or gender. Sensitive analysis by omitting one study at a time indicated the results of the pooled seroprevalence were robust. Conclusions Seroprevalence of SFTSV among healthy population in central and eastern China is high. Surveillance efforts on mild or asymptomatic infections among endemic persons are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Tong
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (ZDT); (JBY)
| | - Ke-Feng Li
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - An Tang
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Xin Dai
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Yan
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (ZDT); (JBY)
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Risk Factors for Bunyavirus-Associated Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Community-Based Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166611. [PMID: 27846273 PMCID: PMC5112944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus. Previous studies about risk factors for SFTSV infection have yielded inconsistent results, and behavior factors have not been fully clarified. Methods A community-based, 1:4 matched case-control study was carried out to investigate the risk factors for SFTS in China. Cases of SFTS were defined as laboratory-confirmed cases that tested positive for real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) or positive for IgM antibodies against SFTSV. Controls of four neighborhood subjects were selected by matching for sex, age, and occupation. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect detailed information about their demographics and risk factors for SFTSV infection. Results A total of 334 subjects participated in the study including 69 cases and 265 controls. The median age of the cases was 59.5 years, 55.1% were male, and 87.0% were farmers. No differences in demographics were observed between cases and controls. In the final multivariate analysis, tick bites two weeks prior to disease onset (OR = 8.04, 95%CI 3.34–19.37) and the presence of weeds and shrubs around the house (OR = 3.46, 95%CI 0.96–12.46) were found to be risk factors for SFTSV infection; taking preventative measures during outdoor activities (OR = 0.12, 95%CI 0.01–1.01) provided greater protection from SFTSV infection. Conclusions Our results further confirm that SFTSV is transmitted by tick bites and prove that preventative measures that reduce exposure to ticks can prevent SFTSV infection. More efforts should be directed toward health education and behavior change for high-risk populations, especially outdoor workers, in SFTS endemic areas.
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Ding SJ, Zhang Y, Zhang XM, Jiang XL, Pang B, Song YH, Wang JX, Pei YW, Zhu CF, Wang XJ, Yu XJ. Correlation Between HLA-A, B and DRB1 Alleles and Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005076. [PMID: 27760141 PMCID: PMC5070855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne bunyavirus (SFTSV) in East Asian countries. The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in resistance and susceptibility to SFTSV is not known. We investigated the correlation of HLA locus A, B and DRB1 alleles with the occurrence of SFTS. Methods A total of 84 confirmed SFTS patients (patient group) and 501 unrelated non-SFTS patients (healthy individuals as control group) from Shandong Province were genotyped by PCR-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) for HLA-A, B and DRB1 loci.Allele frequency was calculated and compared using χ2 test or the Fisher's exact test. A corrected P value was calculated with a bonferronis correction. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by Woolf’s method. Results A total of 11 HLA-A, 23 HLA-B and 12 HLA-DRB1 alleles were identified in the patient group, whereas 15 HLA-A, 30 HLA-B and 13 HLA-DRB1 alleles were detected in the control group. The frequencies of A*30 and B*13 in the SFTS patient group were lower than that in the control group (P = 0.0341 and 0.0085, Pc = 0.5115 and 0.252). The ORs of A*30 and B*13 in the SFTS patient group were 0.54 and 0.49, respectively. The frequency of two-locus haplotype A*30-B*13 was lower in the patient group than in the control group(5.59% versus 12.27%, P = 0.037,OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.18–0.96) without significance(Pc>0.05). A*30-B*13-DRB1*07 and A*02-B*15-DRB1*04 had strong associations with SFTS resistance and susceptibility respectively (Pc = 0.0412 and 0.0001,OR = 0.43 and 5.07). Conclusion The host HLA class I polymorphism might play an important role with the occurrence of SFTS. Negative associations were observed with HLA-A*30, HLA-B*13 and Haplotype A*30-B*13, although the associations were not statistically significant. A*30-B*13-DRB1*07 had negative correlation with the occurrence of SFTS; in contrast, haplotype A*02-B*15-DRB1*04 was positively correlated with SFTS. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne bunyavirus (SFTSV) in East Asian countries. The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in resistance and susceptibility to SFTSV is not known. In this study, we investigated the correlation of HLA locus A, B and DRB1 alleles with the occurrence of SFTS. Our results have expanded the knowledge of the association of HLA genes with SFTS. Our study may be helpful to state the relationship between the occurrence of SFTS with HLA alleles or haplotypes and provide scientific basis for study on pathogenesis and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-jun Ding
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- HLA Lab,Blood Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-mei Zhang
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-lin Jiang
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong-hong Song
- HLA Lab,Blood Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-xing Wang
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yao-wen Pei
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuan-fu Zhu
- HLA Lab,Blood Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail: (XJW); (XJY); (CFZ)
| | - Xian-jun Wang
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail: (XJW); (XJY); (CFZ)
| | - Xue-jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XJW); (XJY); (CFZ)
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Liu H, Li Z, Wang Z, He B, Wang S, Wei F, Tu C, Liu Q. The first molecular evidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in ticks in Jilin, Northeastern China. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:1280-1283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Godsey MS, Savage HM, Burkhalter KL, Bosco-Lauth AM, Delorey MJ. Transmission of Heartland Virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) by Experimentally Infected Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1226-1233. [PMID: 27330103 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heartland virus (HRTV; Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) is a recently described cause of human illness in the United States. After field studies conducted in 2012 implicated Amblyomma americanum (L.) as a vector of HRTV, we initiated experiments to assess the vector competence of A. americanum. Larval and nymphal ticks were immersed in high-titered suspensions of HRTV, and then tested for virus at various intervals postimmersion. In a later trial larval ticks were immersed in HRTV, followed by engorgement on a rabbit. A subset of postmolt nymphs was tested for HRTV to document transstadial transmission. Putatively infected nymphs were cofed with uninfected colony larvae to assess nonviremic transmission. In another trial, nymphs were fed on a rabbit and allowed to molt to the adult stage. Male and female ticks fed and mated upon a rabbit, and females were allowed to oviposit. Male and spent female ticks were tested for HRTV, and offspring of infected females were tested to assess vertical transmission. Infection rates of ≤50% were observed in immersed larvae and nymphs tested at intervals following immersion. Transstadial transmission from larvae to nymphs and then to adults was documented. HRTV was detected in a pool of nymphs molted from uninfected larvae cofed with infected nymphs. Vertical transmission of HRTV was observed in progeny of infected females. Infected females took longer to oviposit and produced fewer offspring. Serologic conversions (without viremia) in rabbits fed upon by immersed larvae or transstadially infected ticks indicate horizontal transmission of HRTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin S Godsey
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Harry M Savage
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Kristen L Burkhalter
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Angela M Bosco-Lauth
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Mark J Delorey
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521 (; ; ; ; )
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