1
|
Guntala R, Khamai L, Srisai N, Ounjaijean S, Khamduang W, Hongjaisee S. Contamination of Streptococcus suis and S. suis Serotype 2 in Raw Pork and Edible Pig Organs: A Public Health Concern in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Foods 2024; 13:2119. [PMID: 38998625 PMCID: PMC11241745 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens causing serious diseases in both pigs and humans, especially serotype 2. In northern Thailand, there is a notable prevalence of S. suis infection in humans and transmission has occurred mainly through the consumption of raw pork products. Despite the continued practice of consuming raw pork in this region, limited data exist regarding S. suis contamination in such products. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of S. suis and S. suis serotype 2 in retail raw pork meat and edible pig organs sold in Chiang Mai city, Thailand. A total of 200 samples, comprising raw pork meat and edible pig organs, were collected from nine fresh markets in Chiang Mai city between May and July 2023. Samples were prepared and cultured in Todd-Hewitt broth. Bacterial DNA was extracted and tested for any serotypes of S. suis and serotype 2 using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) techniques. The study revealed contaminations of S. suis and serotype 2 at rates of 84% and 34%, respectively, with a higher prevalence observed in pig organs compared to raw pork. Both S. suis and serotype 2 were detected across all nine fresh markets investigated. The prevalence of S. suis remained consistently high throughout the study period, whereas serotype 2 showed peaks in May and July. These high rates of contamination indicate that people who consume or work in close contact with raw pork or edible pig organs are at a high risk of S. suis infection. Urgent implementation and maintenance of food safety campaigns and public health interventions are crucial for disease prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratchadakorn Guntala
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.G.); (S.O.)
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Likhitphorn Khamai
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Nattawara Srisai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.G.); (S.O.)
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Woottichai Khamduang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (W.K.)
- LUCENT International Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sayamon Hongjaisee
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.G.); (S.O.)
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brizuela J, Roodsant TJ, Hasnoe Q, van der Putten BCL, Kozakova J, Slotved HC, van der Linden M, de Beer-Schuurman IGA, Sadowy E, Sáez-Nieto JA, Chalker VJ, van der Ark KCH, Schultsz C. Molecular Epidemiology of Underreported Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:413-422. [PMID: 38407169 PMCID: PMC10902550 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen circulated through swine, can cause severe infections in humans. Because human S. suis infections are not notifiable in most countries, incidence is underestimated. We aimed to increase insight into the molecular epidemiology of human S. suis infections in Europe. To procure data, we surveyed 7 reference laboratories and performed a systematic review of the scientific literature. We identified 236 cases of human S. suis infection from those sources and an additional 87 by scanning gray literature. We performed whole-genome sequencing to type 46 zoonotic S. suis isolates and combined them with 28 publicly available genomes in a core-genome phylogeny. Clonal complex (CC) 1 isolates accounted for 87% of typed human infections; CC20, CC25, CC87, and CC94 also caused infections. Emergence of diverse zoonotic clades and notable severity of illness in humans support classifying S. suis infection as a notifiable condition.
Collapse
|
3
|
Grudlewska-Buda K, Bauza-Kaszewska J, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. Antibiotic Resistance in Selected Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens-An Issue of Concern? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050880. [PMID: 37237783 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) have been confirmed for all major foodborne pathogens: Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Of great concern to scientists and physicians are also reports of antibiotic-resistant emerging food pathogens-microorganisms that have not previously been linked to food contamination or were considered epidemiologically insignificant. Since the properties of foodborne pathogens are not always sufficiently recognized, the consequences of the infections are often not easily predictable, and the control of their activity is difficult. The bacteria most commonly identified as emerging foodborne pathogens include Aliarcobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Cronobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Streptocccus suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. The results of our analysis confirm antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance among the mentioned species. Among the antibiotics whose effectiveness is steadily declining due to expanding resistance among bacteria isolated from food are β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Continuous and thorough monitoring of strains isolated from food is necessary to characterize the existing mechanisms of resistance. In our opinion, this review shows the scale of the problem of microbes related to health, which should not be underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng S, Lin B, Weng B, Yang H, Zhou K, Wu L, Qin L, Pan L. Clinical Characteristics and Follow-up of Cases of Streptococcus suis Meningitis in Patients of Liuzhou, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:477-481. [PMID: 36689947 PMCID: PMC9978568 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Streptococcus suis meningitis in Liuzhou, China, to improve diagnostic accuracy and lower the chances of misdiagnosis. The major clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination results, treatment strategies, treatment efficacy, and follow-up results of 17 consecutively admitted patients with S. suis meningitis were evaluated. The most common clinical manifestations were fever (15/17), sensorineural hearing loss (13/17), headache (11/17), and altered mental status (8/17). In addition, 64.71% of the patients had residual symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss at discharge, and moderate disabilities occurred in 68.75% of the patients in the form of sensorineural deafness (11/17) and hemiparesis (1/17). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of nine patients was used for metagenomic analysis with next-generation sequencing. The metagenomic analysis of CSF of four patients was positive, whereas blood and CSF cultures were negative. The average modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores improved significantly at the 6-month follow-up compared with those at admission (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between altered mRS and ADL scores and the CSF findings (P > 0.05). Early administration of antibiotics can prevent sensorineural hearing loss. Early CSF metagenomic analysis may be superior to blood and CSF culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Workers’ Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Baoquan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Workers’ Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Baohui Weng
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Workers’ Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Workers’ Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Kejian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Workers’ Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Liya Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Workers’ Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Workers’ Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Liya Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Workers’ Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu R, Liu M, Li Y, Wu L. Crisis Management Experience from Social Media: Public Response to the Safety Crisis of Imported Aquatic Products in China during the Pandemic. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051033. [PMID: 36900551 PMCID: PMC10000672 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
China's outbreak related to cold-chain aquatic product quality and safety in 2020 caused public panic and further led to a crisis in China's aquatic industry. This paper uses topic clustering and emotion analysis methods to text-mine the comments of netizens on Sina Weibo to study the main features of the public's views on the administration's crisis management measures and to provide experience for future imported food safety management. The findings show that for the imported food safety incident and the risk of virus infection, the public response had four types of characteristics: a higher proportion of negative emotion; a wider range of information demand; attention paid to the whole imported food industry chain; and a differentiated attitude towards control policies. Based on the online public response, countermeasures to further improve the management ability of imported food safety crises are proposed as follows: the government should pay active attention to the development trend of online public opinion; work more on exploring the content of public concern and emotion; strengthen the risk assessment of imported food and establish the classification and management measures of imported food safety events; construct the imported food safety traceability system; build a special recall mechanism for imported food safety; and improve the cooperation between government and media, enhancing the public's trust in policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yufeng Li
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Linhai Wu
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brizuela J, Kajeekul R, Roodsant TJ, Riwload A, Boueroy P, Pattanapongpaibool A, Thaipadungpanit J, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Batty EM, van der Putten BCL, Schultsz C, Kerdsin A. Streptococcus suis outbreak caused by an emerging zoonotic strain with acquired multi-drug resistance in Thailand. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen000952. [PMID: 36790403 PMCID: PMC9997742 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic swine pathogen which can cause severe infections in humans. In March 2021, an outbreak of S. suis infections with 19 confirmed cases of septicemia and meningitis leading to two deaths, occurred in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. We characterized the outbreak through an epidemiological investigation combined with Illumina and Nanopore whole genome sequencing (WGS). The source of the outbreak was traced back to a raw pork dish prepared from a single pig during a Buddhist ceremony attended by 241 people. WGS analysis revealed that a single S. suis serotype 2 strain belonging to a novel sequence type (ST) of the emergent Thai zoonotic clade CC233/379, was responsible for the infections. The outbreak clone grouped together with other Thai zoonotic strains from CC233/379 and CC104 in a global S. suis phylogeny and capsule switching events between serotype 2 zoonotic strains and serotype 7 porcine strains were identified. The outbreak strain showed reduced susceptibility to penicillin corresponding with mutations in key residues in the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Furthermore, the outbreak strain was resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, linezolid and chloramphenicol, having acquired an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) carrying resistance genes tetO and ermB, as well as a transposon from the IS1216 family carrying optrA and ermA. This investigation demonstrates that multi-drug resistant zoonotic lineages of S. suis which pose a threat to human health continue to emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Brizuela
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Paasheuvelweg 25, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rattagan Kajeekul
- Department of Medicine, Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Thomas J Roodsant
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Paasheuvelweg 25, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athita Riwload
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Technology, Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | | | - Janjira Thaipadungpanit
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elizabeth M Batty
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Boas C L van der Putten
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Paasheuvelweg 25, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Paasheuvelweg 25, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bui HT, Hoang VH, Ngo TV, Bui HV. ETIOLOGY AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF BACTERIAL MENINGITIS IN ADULTS AT NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES, PERIOD 2015 – 2018. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 76:101-105. [PMID: 36450571 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the etiology and clinical features of bacterial meningitis (BM) in adults during 2015-2018 in Vietnam, a retrospective study using 102 patients was performed at the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases. BM occurred throughout the year, peaking in July-September. A total of 80.4% BM patients were males over 40 years old. The proportion of patients with underlying diseases was 41.2% and those in contact with pigs or pork products was 30.4%. Common manifestations include stiff neck, Kernig's sign, headache, fever/hypothermia, and altered consciousness. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had high protein concentration (median: 3.2 g/L, range: 1.3-6.2) and leukocytes (median: 1,312 cell/mm3, range: 234-2,943). Moreover, 29.4% meningitis cases were associated with septicemia. Streptococcus suis was the main cause (72.5%), followed by Pneumococcus (6.8%) and a few other bacteria. Factors associated with S. suis risk were male sex (OR: 8.29, 95% CI: 2.83-24.33), over 40 years old (OR: 3.55, 95% CI: 1.28-9.87), drinking habits (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 1.03-13.72), headache (OR: 6.19, 95% CI: 2.17-17.65), fever/hypothermia (OR: 5.17, 95% CI: 1.97-13.56) and ≥2.0 ng/mL procalcitonin (OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.07-6.89). Education on S. suis and nosocomial infection prevention, as well as pneumococcal vaccination use, should be continued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viet Huu Hoang
- EmergencyDepartment, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam
| | - Toan Van Ngo
- Department of Environmental Health, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
| | - Huy Vu Bui
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao E, Wang D, Zhao Z, Xie L, He X, Huang P, Ouyang F, Wen G, Huang S, Guan Y. The value of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningitis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68:1663-1667. [PMID: 36449790 PMCID: PMC9779970 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the value of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningitis. METHODS Patients with meningitis in the Department of Neurology of the Hainan General Hospital were recruited and divided into a next-generation sequencing group and a control group. In the next-generation sequencing group, we used the next-generation sequencing method to detect the specific pathogenic bacteria in the patients. In the control group, we used the cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture method to detect the specific pathogenic bacteria in the patients. RESULTS A total of 28 participants were recruited for this study, with 14 participants in each group. The results showed similarities in both the average age and average course of the disease between the two groups (p>0.05). The white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, and level of C-reactive protein in the next-generation sequencing group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). There were similarities in both the temperature and intracranial pressure between the two groups (p>0.05). In the next-generation sequencing group, all patients (100%) were detected as having had the S. suis meningitis infection by next-generation sequencing, while only 6 (43%) patients in the control group had been detected as having the S. suis meningitis infection by cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. CONCLUSIONS The positive detection rate of S. suis by the next-generation sequencing method was significantly higher compared with using a cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. Therefore, the next-generation sequencing method is valuable for the diagnosis of S. suis meningitis and is worthy of clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eryi Zhao
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China.,Corresponding author: ;
| | - Daimei Wang
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Pharmacy – Hainan, China.,Corresponding author: ;
| | - Zhongyan Zhao
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Xiangying He
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Peijian Huang
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Feng Ouyang
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Guoqiang Wen
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Shixiong Huang
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China.,Corresponding author: ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kerdsin A. Human Streptococcus suis Infections in Thailand: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Genotypes, and Susceptibility. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:359. [PMID: 36355901 PMCID: PMC9695567 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing substantial economic losses to the pig industry, as well as being a human health burden due to infections worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, there was high cumulative incidence in humans during 1987-2021, mostly in males. At least five large outbreaks have been documented after the largest outbreak in China in 2005, which was related to the consumption of raw pork or dishes containing pig's blood. The major clinical features are sepsis or meningitis, with hearing loss a major complication of S. suis disease. Thai human S. suis isolates have shown diversity in serotypes and sequence types (STs), with serotype 2 and STs 1 and 104 being major genotypes. β-Lactam antibiotics can be used in empirical treatment for human S. suis infections; however, intermediate resistance to penicillin has been reported. Reducing S. suis incidence in Thailand requires a multidimensional approach, with combined efforts from the government and public health sectors through policy, regulations, education, and active surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kittiwan N, Calland JK, Mourkas E, Hitchings MD, Murray S, Tadee P, Tadee P, Duangsonk K, Meric G, Sheppard SK, Patchanee P, Pascoe B. Genetic diversity and variation in antimicrobial-resistance determinants of non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000882. [PMID: 36326658 PMCID: PMC9836093 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in South-East Asia, with frequent zoonotic transfer to humans associated with close contact with pigs. A small number of invasive lineages are responsible for endemic infection in the swine industry, causing considerable global economic losses. A lack of surveillance and a rising trend in clinical treatment failure has raised concerns of growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among invasive S. suis. Gene flow between healthy and disease isolates is poorly understood and, in this study, we sample and sequence a collection of isolates predominantly from healthy pigs in Chiang Mai province, Northern Thailand. Pangenome characterization identified extensive genetic diversity and frequent AMR carriage in isolates from healthy pigs. Multiple AMR genes were identified, conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, lincosamides, tetracycline and macrolides. All isolates were non-susceptible to three or more different antimicrobial classes, and 75 % of non-serotype 2 isolates were non-susceptible to six or more classes (compared to 37.5 % of serotype 2 isolates). AMR genes were found on integrative and conjugative elements previously observed in other species, suggesting a mobile gene pool that can be accessed by invasive disease isolates. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Kittiwan
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Northern Region), Hang Chat, Lampang 52190, Thailand
| | - Jessica K. Calland
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew D. Hitchings
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Susan Murray
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK,Present address: Pathogen Genomics Unit, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Pakpoom Tadee
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Phacharaporn Tadee
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Kwanjit Duangsonk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK,Present address: Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel K. Sheppard
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK,Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Prapas Patchanee
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,*Correspondence: Prapas Patchanee,
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK,Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK,Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK,*Correspondence: Ben Pascoe,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kerdsin A, Segura M, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M. Sociocultural Factors Influencing Human Streptococcus suis Disease in Southeast Asia. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091190. [PMID: 35563913 PMCID: PMC9102869 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The public health systems of Southeast Asian countries are financially challenged by a comparatively higher incidence of human S. suis infections than other geographical areas. Efforts to improve practices in production settings, including improved meat inspection regulations, prevention of the slaughtering of non-healthy pigs, and enhanced hygiene practices at processing facilities, along with improvements in the pork supply chain, all appear promising for reducing food cross-contamination with S. suis. However, opportunities for intervention at the societal level are also needed to effect changes, as population behaviors such as the consumption of raw pork, blood, and offal products are important contributors to the increased incidence of human S. suis disease in Southeast Asia. A plethora of factors are associated with the consumption of these high-risk dishes, including traditional culture and knowledge, shared beliefs, socio-economic level, and personal attitudes associated with gender and/or marital status. Education and intervention in behavioral attitudes that are sensible to cultural practices and traditions may provide additional means to reduce the burden of S. suis human disease in Southeast Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-42-725-023
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (N.F.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bass SB, Brajuha J, Kelly PJ, D'Avanzo P, Lambertini E, Nordhagen S, Monterrosa EC. Changing Behavior, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Food Safety: A Scoping Review of Interventions Across the World and Implications for Empowering Consumers. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:19-30. [PMID: 35020467 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses are a global public health issue. Responsibility to prevent foodborne disease is shared by many actors along the food supply chain, including consumers. However, consumers often lack knowledge about food safety and behaviors that can reduce risk. Consumers are often targeted for interventions to address these gaps, but a current comprehensive analysis of such interventions globally by type, geography, and outcome is lacking in the literature. In addition, there is a need to understand how individual interventions could be broadened to include the relationships between consumers and other actors in the food system, and how targeted communication strategies can affect behavior. We conducted a rigorous scoping review to assess consumer-facing food safety interventions carried out globally over the past 20 years, and categorized and analyzed them by type of intervention, methods, and outcomes to understand which interventions might be effective in changing consumer behavior, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions on food safety. Ninety-two interventions were reviewed, the majority of which were published in the last 10 years in North America. Most target adults, and 25% are directed at women and mothers. Health or risk communication interventions are becoming increasingly common to move beyond skill-based education and address risk perceptions of food safety that might motivate consumers. Only two studies addressed risk perception in consumers to potentially change food handlers' behavior outside of the home. This review suggests that focusing on risk perception combined with strategies that leverage emotion and trusted sources, such as respected peers or family members, might be useful strategies for interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bauerle Bass
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jesse Brajuha
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick J Kelly
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul D'Avanzo
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu Y, Zhu F, Bo L, Fang Y, Shan X. A rare case of meningitis and septicemia caused by Streptococcus suis in a woman without a history of live pig contact or eating raw pork. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2007-2012. [PMID: 34559387 PMCID: PMC8460845 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen that primarily inhabits the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Therefore, pigs that carry these pathogens are the major source of infection. Most patients are infected through contact with live pigs or unprocessed pork products and eating uncooked pork. S. Suis mainly causes sepsis and meningitis. The disease has an insidious onset and rapid progress. The patient becomes critically ill and the mortality is high. In this case report, we described a rare case of S. suis isolated from a middle-aged woman in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China, who did not have any contact with live pigs and had not eaten uncooked pork. S. Suis was isolated from both the patient’s blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lihong Bo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yinfei Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao E, Wang D, Li N, Huang S, Zhao Z, Hu S, He X, Wen G. Clinical study on the diagnosis of porcine streptococcal meningitis with negative blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture by next-generation sequencing. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:85. [PMID: 34344456 PMCID: PMC8330088 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis (Ss) is a Gram-positive and anaerobic zoonotic pathogen that is susceptible to all populations and can cause meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis and arthritis in humans. Methods In this study, patients with meningitis who were admitted to our hospital with negative blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture were divided into a next-generation sequencing group and a control group. In the next-generation sequencing group, we used the next-generation sequencing method to detect pathogenic bacteria in the patients’ cerebrospinal fluid. In the control group, we used blood and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture method to detect pathogenic bacteria in the patients' cerebrospinal fluid. The detection rates of pathogenic bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results A total of 18 patients were included in this study, including 8 patients in the next-generation sequencing group and 10 patients in the control group. The mean age (P = 0.613) and mean disease duration (P = 0.294) were similar in both groups. Patients in the next-generation sequencing group had a leukocyte count of 13.13 ± 4.79 × 109, a neutrophil percentage of 83.39 ± 10.36%, and a C-reactive protein level of 134.95 ± 107.69 mg/L. Patients in the control group had a temperature of 38.32 ± 1.07, a leukocyte count of 8.00 ± 2.99 × 109, and a neutrophil percentage of 74.61 ± 8.89%, and C-reactive protein level was 4.75 ± 6.8 mg/L. The statistical results showed that the leukocytes (P = 0.013) and C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the patients of the next-generation sequencing group than in the control group. No statistically significant differences were seen in body temperature and neutrophil percentage between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of intracranial pressure and meningeal irritation signs were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). The detection rate of Streptococcus suis in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients in the next-generation sequencing group was 100%, and the detection rate of Streptococcus suis in the cerebrospinal fluid of the control group was 0%. Conclusion The detection rate of Streptococcus suis infection in cerebrospinal fluid by next-generation sequencing was significantly higher than that by blood and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. Therefore, the diagnosis of porcine streptococcal meningitis by next-generation sequencing method is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eryi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Daimei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, No. 63 of Road 9, Chengxi Street, Qianjiang District, Chongqing, 409099, China.
| | - Shixiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Zhongyan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Xiangying He
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Guoqiang Wen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tang Y, Bai J, Yang Y, Bai X, Bello-Onaghise G, Xu Y, Li Y. Effect of Syringopicroside Extracted from Syringa oblata Lindl on the Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus suis. Molecules 2021; 26:1295. [PMID: 33673668 PMCID: PMC7957517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Syringopicroside is a natural drug with antibacterial activity, which is the main ingredient of Syringa oblata Lindl (S. oblata). In order to further develop the application of S. oblata and evaluate the ability of syringopicroside against Streptococcus suis (S. suis), this investigation first applied an ultrasonic-assisted method to extract syringopicroside, and then response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to get the optimum condition. Based on RSM analysis, a second-order polynomial equation about the syringopicroside yield and four variables, including ultrasonic power, time, temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio, was purposed. Through RSM prediction and model verification experiments, the optimum conditions were determined, as follows: ultrasonic time was 63 min, temperature was 60 °C, a liquid-to-solid ratio was set to 63 mL/g, and ultrasonic power was 835 W. Under this condition, a high syringopicroside yield was obtained (3.07 ± 0.13 mg/g), which was not significantly different with a predicated value. After separation and purification by HPD 500 microporous resin, then mass spectrum was applied to identify the main ingredient in aqueous extract. A minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay revealed the value against S. suis of syringopicroside was 2.56 µg/µL and syringopicroside with sub-inhibitory concentrations that could effectively inhibit biofilm formation of S. suis. Besides, scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated syringopicroside could destroy the multi-layered aggregation structure of S. suis. Finally, molecular docking analysis confirmed that syringopicroside was combined with Orfy protein of S. suis through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction, and π-π stacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Jingwen Bai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - God’spower Bello-Onaghise
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Yaqin Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Burden of disease and productivity impact of Streptococcus suis infection in Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0008985. [PMID: 33481785 PMCID: PMC7857555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptoccocus suis (S.suis) infection is a neglected zoonosis disease in humans mainly affects men of working age. We estimated the health and economic burden of S.suis infection in Thailand in terms of years of life lost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost, and productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost which is a novel measure that adjusts years of life lived for productivity loss attributable to disease. Methods A decision-analytic Markov model was developed to simulate the impact of S. suis infection and its major complications: death, meningitis and infective endocarditis among Thai people in 2019 with starting age of 51 years. Transition probabilities, and inputs pertaining to costs, utilities and productivity impairment associated with long-term complications were derived from published sources. A lifetime time horizon with follow-up until death or age 100 years was adopted. The simulation was repeated assuming that the cohort had not been infected with S.suis. The differences between the two set of model outputs in years of life, QALYs, and PALYs lived reflected the impact of S.suis infection. An annual discount rate of 3% was applied to both costs and outcomes. One-way sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulation modeling technique using 10,000 iterations were performed to assess the impact of uncertainty in the model. Key results This cohort incurred 769 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 695 to 841) years of life lost (14% of predicted years of life lived if infection had not occurred), 826 (95% UI: 588 to 1,098) QALYs lost (21%) and 793 (95%UI: 717 to 867) PALYs (15%) lost. These equated to an average of 2.46 years of life, 2.64 QALYs and 2.54 PALYs lost per person. The loss in PALYs was associated with a loss of 346 (95% UI: 240 to 461) million Thai baht (US$11.3 million) in GDP, which equated to 1.1 million Thai baht (US$ 36,033) lost per person. Conclusions S.suis infection imposes a significant economic burden both in terms of health and productivity. Further research to investigate the effectiveness of public health awareness programs and disease control interventions should be mandated to provide a clearer picture for decision making in public health strategies and resource allocations. Streptoccocus suis (S.suis) infection is a potentially lethal zoonotic disease in humans. In the present study, we sought to estimate the impact of the disease in Thailand in terms of years of life lost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost, and productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost. A decision-analytic Markov model was developed to simulate the impact of S.suis infection and its major complications among Thai people. In 2019, it was estimated that the infection incurred 769 years of life lost (14% of predicted years of life lived if infection had not occurred), 826 QALYs lost (21%) and 793 PALYs (15%) lost. These equated to an average of 2.5 years of life, 2.6 QALYs and 2.5 PALYs lost per person. The loss in PALYs was associated with a loss of 346 million Thai baht (US$11.3 million) in GDP, which equated to 1.1 million Thai baht (US$ 36,033) lost per person. The findings call for increased public health awareness and comprehensive efforts to control and prevent the disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wongnak P, Wiratsudakul A, Nuanualsuwan S. A risk assessment of pathogenic Streptococcus suis in pork supply chains and markets in Thailand. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Streptococcus suis Research: Progress and Challenges. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090707. [PMID: 32867188 PMCID: PMC7557840 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is considered among the top bacterial pathogens leading to important economic losses to the swine industry, with the incidence of disease increasing as the prophylactic use of antimicrobial is being vanished worldwide. S. suis is also a zoonotic agent afflicting people in close contact with infected pigs or pork meat. Besides, in some Asian countries, it is considered a major public health concern for the general population as well. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important global health challenges, and in the absence of preventive measures (such as effective vaccines), S. suis remains a risk for increased antimicrobial resistance and transmission of resistance genes to other bacteria beyond the host animal species. The studies in this Special Issue have evidenced the importance of swine population demographics and management on disease control, progress in molecular tools to better understand the epidemiology of S. suis infections in swine and humans, and the mechanisms involved in different aspects of the immuno-pathogenesis of the disease. The importance of reducing the prophylactic use of antimicrobials in livestock productions and the development of alternative control measures, including vaccination, are herein discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Segura M, Aragon V, Brockmeier SL, Gebhart C, de Greeff A, Kerdsin A, O’Dea MA, Okura M, Saléry M, Schultsz C, Valentin-Weigand P, Weinert LA, Wells JM, Gottschalk M. Update on Streptococcus suis Research and Prevention in the Era of Antimicrobial Restriction: 4th International Workshop on S. suis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050374. [PMID: 32422856 PMCID: PMC7281350 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent afflicting people in close contact with infected pigs or pork meat. Sporadic cases of human infections have been reported worldwide. In addition, S. suis outbreaks emerged in Asia, making this bacterium a primary health concern in this part of the globe. In pigs, S. suis disease results in decreased performance and increased mortality, which have a significant economic impact on swine production worldwide. Facing the new regulations in preventive use of antimicrobials in livestock and lack of effective vaccines, control of S. suis infections is worrisome. Increasing and sharing of knowledge on this pathogen is of utmost importance. As such, the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the infection, antimicrobial resistance, progress on diagnosis, prevention, and control were among the topics discussed during the 4th International Workshop on Streptococcus suis (held in Montreal, Canada, June 2019). This review gathers together recent findings on this important pathogen from lectures performed by lead researchers from several countries including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Spain, Thailand, The Netherlands, UK, and USA. Finally, policies and recommendations for the manufacture, quality control, and use of inactivated autogenous vaccines are addressed to advance this important field in veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.G.); Tel.: +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 0080) (M.S.); +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 8374) (M.G.)
| | - Virginia Aragon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | | | - Connie Gebhart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Astrid de Greeff
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Mark A O’Dea
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia;
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan;
| | - Mariette Saléry
- French Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products-French Agency for food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses-ANMV), 35302 Fougères, France;
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BP Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Lucy A. Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK;
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.G.); Tel.: +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 0080) (M.S.); +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 8374) (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Genotypic Comparison between Streptococcus suis Isolated from Pigs and Humans in Thailand. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010050. [PMID: 31936553 PMCID: PMC7168618 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen of economic significance to the swine industry. The number of infected cases is increasing in humans worldwide. In this study, we determined the prevalence and diversity of S. suis carriage in slaughterhouse pigs in Phayao province, Thailand, where an outbreak occurred in 2007. The overall S. suis carriage rate was 35.2% among slaughterhouse pigs. The prevalence rates of serotypes 2 and 14 (the major serotypes infected in humans) were 6.7% and 2.6%, respectively. In both serotypes, 70.4% of isolates of serotypes 2 and 14 revealed sequence types and pulsotypes identical to human isolates in Thailand. It is suggested that pathogenic strains of S. suis are a risk factor for occupational exposure to pigs or the consumption of raw pork products. Food safety, hygiene, and health education should be encouraged to reduce the risk group.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rayanakorn A, Katip W, Goh BH, Oberdorfer P, Lee LH. Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors of Streptococcus suis Mortality Among Northern Thai Population: Retrospective 13-Year Cohort Study. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3955-3965. [PMID: 32021313 PMCID: PMC6941973 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s233326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an emerging zoonotic disease mainly in pigs, causing serious infections in humans with high prevalence in Southeast Asia. Despite a relatively high mortality rate, there are limited data regarding the risk factors of this life-threatening infection. Therefore, a 13-year retrospective cohort study in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2005-2018 was conducted to explore risk factors associated with S. suis mortality and to update the outcomes of the disease. Patients and methods S. suis positive cases were derived from those with positive S. suis isolates from microbiological culture results and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). Potential risk factors of mortality were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Of 133 patients with culture-proven S. suis infection identified, there were 92 males and 41 females. The mean age was 56.47 years. Septicemia (55.64%) was the most common clinical manifestation followed by meningitis (37.59%) and infective endocarditis (25.56%). Alcohol drinking and raw pork consumption were documented in 66 (49.62%) and 49 (36.84%) cases respectively. The overall mortality rate was 12.03% (n=16). According to the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for mortality were prolonged bacteremia ≥ 6 days (OR = 43.57, 95% CI = 2.46-772.80, P =0.010), septic shock (OR = 13.34, 95% CI = 1.63-109.03, P =0.016), and direct bilirubin > 1.5 mg/dL (OR = 12.86, 95% CI = 1.91-86.59, P =0.009). Conclusion S. suis is not infrequent in Northern Thailand, where the cultural food habit of raw pork eating is still practiced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series focusing on risk factors of S. suis mortality which has been conducted in Thailand. Prolonged bacteremia ≥ 6 days, septic shock, and direct bilirubin > 1.5 mg/dL were strong predictors associated with S. suis mortality. The mortality risk factors identified may be further utilized in clinical practice and future research to improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaree Rayanakorn
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wasan Katip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre (BRAC), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Peninnah Oberdorfer
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Learn Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Besung INK, Suarjana IGK, Agustina KK, Winaya IBO, Soeharsono H, Suwiti NK, Mahardika GN. Isolation and identification of Streptococcus suis from sick pigs in Bali, Indonesia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:795. [PMID: 31806042 PMCID: PMC6896353 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a causative agent for various syndromes in pigs. It can be transmitted to humans with typical symptoms of meningitis and death. Although human infections have been confirmed at Bali Referral Hospital, Indonesia, since 2014, the bacteria have not been isolated from pigs. Here, we provide confirmation of the presence of the bacteria in sick pigs in the province. Results Streptococcus suis was confirmed in 8 of 30 cases. The final confirmation was made using PCR and sequencing of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and recombination/repair protein (recN) gene fragments. Upon PCR serotyping, two were confirmed to be serotype 2 or 1/2. Prominent histopathological lesions of confirmed cases were meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, bronchopneumonia, enteritis and glomerulonephritis. The dominant inflammatory cells were neutrophils and macrophages. Further research is needed to understand the risk factors for human infection. Community awareness on the risk of contracting S. suis and vaccine development are needed to prevent human infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Nengah Kerta Besung
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University of Bali, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar, 80225, Indonesia.
| | - I Gusti Ketut Suarjana
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University of Bali, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar, 80225, Indonesia
| | - Kadek Karang Agustina
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University of Bali, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar, 80225, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Oka Winaya
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University of Bali, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar, 80225, Indonesia
| | - Hamong Soeharsono
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University of Bali, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar, 80225, Indonesia
| | - Ni Ketut Suwiti
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University of Bali, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar, 80225, Indonesia
| | - Gusti Ngurah Mahardika
- The Animal Biomedical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Udayana University of Bali, Jl. Sesetan-Markisa #6, Denpasar, 80226, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Susilawathi NM, Tarini NMA, Fatmawati NND, Mayura PIB, Suryapraba AAA, Subrata M, Sudewi AAR, Mahardika GN. Streptococcus suis-Associated Meningitis, Bali, Indonesia, 2014-2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:2235-2242. [PMID: 31742523 PMCID: PMC6874276 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.181709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging agent of zoonotic bacterial meningitis in Asia. We describe the epidemiology of S. suis cases and clinical signs and microbiological findings in persons with meningitis in Bali, Indonesia, using patient data and bacterial cultures of cerebrospinal fluid collected during 2014-2017. We conducted microbiological assays using the fully automatic VITEK 2 COMPACT system. We amplified and sequenced gene fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase and recombination/repair protein and conducted PCR serotyping to confirm some serotypes. Of 71 cases, 44 were confirmed as S. suis; 29 isolates were serotype 2. The average patient age was 48.1 years, and 89% of patients were male. Seventy-seven percent of patients with confirmed cases recovered without complications; 11% recovered with septic shock, 7% with deafness, and 2% with deafness and arthritis. The case-fatality rate was 11%. Awareness of S. suis infection risk must be increased in health promotion activities in Bali.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun Y, Veseli IA, Vaillancourt K, Frenette M, Grenier D, Pombert JF. The bacteriocin from the prophylactic candidate Streptococcus suis 90-1330 is widely distributed across S. suis isolates and appears encoded in an integrative and conjugative element. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216002. [PMID: 31039174 PMCID: PMC6490898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive α-hemolytic Streptococcus suis is a major pathogen in the swine industry and an emerging zoonotic agent that can cause several systemic issues in both pigs and humans. A total of 35 S. suis serotypes (SS) have been identified and genotyped into > 700 sequence types (ST) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Eurasian ST1 isolates are the most virulent of all S. suis SS2 strains while North American ST25 and ST28 strains display moderate to low/no virulence phenotypes, respectively. Notably, S. suis 90–1330 is an avirulent Canadian SS2-ST28 isolate producing a lantibiotic bacteriocin with potential prophylactic applications. To investigate the suitability of this strain for such purposes, we sequenced its complete genome using the Illumina and PacBio platforms. The S. suis 90–1330 bacteriocin was found encoded in a locus cargoed in what appears to be an integrative and conjugative element (ICE). This bacteriocin locus was also found to be widely distributed across several streptococcal species and in a few Staphylococcus aureus strains. Because the locus also confers protection from the bacteriocin, the potential prophylactic benefits of using this strain may prove limited due to the spread of the resistance to its effects. Furthermore, the S. suis 90–1330 genome was found to code for genes involved in blood survival, suggesting that strain may not be a benign as previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Sun
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Iva A. Veseli
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Katy Vaillancourt
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Frenette
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Fonds de Recherche du Québec–Nature et Technologies, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Fonds de Recherche du Québec–Nature et Technologies, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Pombert
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Review of Biological and Chemical Health Risks Associated with Pork Consumption in Vietnam: Major Pathogens and Hazards Identified in Southeast Asia. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1048092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness is a difficult public health burden to measure, with accurate incidence data usually evading disease surveillance systems. Yet, the global scope of foodborne disease and its impacts on socioeconomic development make it an important health risk to address, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Vietnam, rapid development has seen large-scale commercial operations rise to coexist amongst traditional value chains in the food landscape, most of which operates outside of a domestic food safety network. Rapid socioeconomic development has also seen an increase in meat consumption, with pork being the most consumed meat product nationally. Expanding pork value chains, and the increasing diversity of actors within them, facilitates the growth and propagation of hazards which are passed onto Vietnamese consumers. In order to guide illness prevention and governance efforts, this review was conducted to examine health risks associated with pork consumption in Vietnam. Synthesis of the available literature provided evidence that Salmonella spp. bacteria are a major cause of foodborne illness from Vietnamese pork products. However, contaminants of global concern, including Salmonella spp. and Trichinella spiralis, occur alongside those considered neglected tropical diseases, such as Taenia solium. Infections and complications associated with ingestion of Streptococcus suis bacteria are also an issue, with Streptococcus suis infections usually limited to occupational infections amongst meat handlers in modernised value chains. A risk factor underscoring transmission of Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium, and Streptococcus suis in Vietnam that emerges from the literature is the consumption of dishes containing raw or undercooked pork. Available data indicates that infections associated with raw pork consumption disproportionately affect men and people in regional mountainous areas of northwest Vietnam, where many of Vietnam’s ethnic minority communities reside. In addition, epidemiological data from recorded disease outbreaks that result from raw pork consumption demonstrate that these outbreaks usually follow major sociocultural events such as weddings, funerals, and Lunar New Year celebrations. Potential health impacts resulting from residues of antibiotics and heavy metals are also cause for concern, though the direct links between chemical contaminants in food and the development of disease are difficult to conclusively deduce.
Collapse
|
26
|
Boonyong N, Kaewmongkol S, Khunbutsri D, Satchasataporn K, Meekhanon N. Contamination of Streptococcus suis in pork and edible pig organs in central Thailand. Vet World 2019; 12:165-169. [PMID: 30936671 PMCID: PMC6431799 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.165-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause serious diseases in both swine and humans worldwide, especially in Asian countries. Since the majority of human cases reported in Thailand were infected by the consumption of a raw pork dish, the microbial food safety hazard associated with raw meat has been a matter of concern. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the contamination by S. suis in pork and edible pig organs sold in central Thailand. Materials and Methods In total, 88 raw pork and pig organ samples were purchased from markets, butcher shops, and supermarkets in central Thailand. The samples were examined using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. LAMP reactions used for the detection of the DNA of S. suis (LAMPSS) and S. suis serotype 2 or 1/2 (LAMPSS2) were carried out according to previous studies. Results The percentage of LAMPSS-positive samples was as high as 85.23% (75/88) while the percentage of LAMPSS2-positive samples was 17.05% (15/88). The percentages of LAMPSS- and LAMPSS2-positive samples were relatively high in both pig organs (lung and heart) and meat (sliced pork and minced pork) compared with the previous report. Except one supermarket, LAMPSS-positive samples were found in all sources investigated in this study. The pork and pig organs obtained from the markets and the butcher shops additionally gave positive results for LAMPSS2. Conclusion Using LAMP techniques, high rate contamination of S. suis was found in raw pork and edible pig organs sold at different sources in central Thailand. The cross-contamination could have occurred through slaughtering, meat cutting, and meat handling processes. Therefore, consumers and people involved in the pig production industry should be aware of the potential hazards of S. suis infection; food safety education is crucial to prevent further infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuchjaree Boonyong
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sarawan Kaewmongkol
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Duangdaow Khunbutsri
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Khomsan Satchasataporn
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nattakan Meekhanon
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Risk factors for Streptococcus suis infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13358. [PMID: 30190575 PMCID: PMC6127304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen in pigs which can cause serious infections in human including meningitis, and septicaemia resulting in serious complications. There were discrepancies between different data and little is known concerning associated risk factors of S. suis. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate on S. suis infection risk factors in human. We searched eight relevant databases using the MeSH terms "Streptococcus suis" OR "Streptococcus suis AND infection" limited in human with no time nor language restriction. Out of 4,999 articles identified, 32 and 3 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis respectively with a total of 1,454 Streptococcus suis cases reported. S. suis patients were generally adult males and the elderly. The mean age ranged between 37 to 63 years. Meningitis was the most common clinical manifestation, and deafness was the most common sequelae found among survivors followed by vestibular dysfunction. Infective endocarditis was also noted as among the most common clinical presentations associated with high mortality rate in a few studies. Meta-analyses categorized by type of control groups (community control, and non-S. suis sepsis) were done among 850 participants in 3 studies. The combined odd ratios for studies using community control groups and non-S. Suis sepsis as controls respectively were 4.63 (95% CI 2.94-7.29) and 78.00 (95% CI 10.38-585.87) for raw pork consumption, 4.01 (95% CI 2.61-6.15) and 3.03 (95% CI 1.61-5.68) for exposure to pigs or pork, 11.47, (95% CI 5.68-23.14) and 3.07 (95% CI 1.81-5.18) for pig-related occupation and 3.56 (95% CI 2.18-5.80) and 5.84 (95% CI 2.76-12.36) for male sex. The results were found to be significantly associated with S. suis infection and there was non-significant heterogeneity. History of skin injury and underlying diseases were noted only a small percentage in most studies. Setting up an effective screening protocol and public health interventions would be effective to enhance understanding about the disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kerdsin A, Akeda Y, Takeuchi D, Dejsirilert S, Gottschalk M, Oishi K. Genotypic diversity of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from humans in Thailand. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:917-925. [PMID: 29417311 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to characterize Streptococcus suis isolates recovered from human infections regarding serotype distribution, genotypic profile, clinical manifestations, and epidemiology. A total of 668 S. suis isolates recovered from human infections in Thailand were characterized based on serotyping by multiplex PCR and co-agglutination, genotypic profiles by multilocus sequence typing, and PCR for virulence-associated genes, as well as review of medical records. Serotype 2 (94.6%) was predominant, followed by serotype 14 (4.5%), 24 (0.45%), 5 (0.3%), and 4 (0.15%). Multilocus sequence typing analyses revealed seven clonal complexes (CC): CC1 (56.43%), CC104 (31.74%), CC233/379 (5.4%), CC25 (4.5%), CC28 (0.9%), CC221/234 (0.6%), CC94 (0.15%), and two singletons. The CC1 group contained serotype 2 and 14 isolates, while CC25, 28, 104, and 233/379 consisted of serotype 2 isolates only. CC221/234 contained serotype 5 and 24 isolates, whereas the single serotype 4 isolate belonged to CC94. Two singletons contained serotype 5 (ST235) and 2 (ST236) isolates. Our data showed that ST1 isolates were more associated with meningitis than those of other STs (p < 0.001). The major route of infection was shown to be close contact with infected pigs or contaminated raw pork-derived products, including occupational exposure and recent consumption of raw pork products. This study revealed a relatively large number of CCs of S. suis causing human infection in Thailand. Among them, CC1 followed by CC104, with serotype 2 isolates, are predominant. Food safety campaigns and public health interventions would be important for controlling the S. suis infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dan Takeuchi
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Surang Dejsirilert
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|