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Wei H, Zhao Y, Rui J, Li K, Abudunaibi B, Zhao Z, Song W, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu H, Zhang S, Li X, Luo K, Gavotte L, Frutos R, Chen T. Transmissibility of the variant of concern for SARS-CoV-2 in six regions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32164. [PMID: 38868071 PMCID: PMC11168441 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differences in transmissibility of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) in different districts are hard to assess. To address this, our study focused on calculating the Real-time reproduction number (R t ) for these variants in different regions. Methods According to the criteria defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), the global landscape was categorized into six distinct regions. In each region, the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant was first identified based on the proportion of variant sequencing analysis results. Then, using serial interval (SI) parameters, we calculated R t for the relevant Variant of Concern (VOC) in each region. This approach enabled us to compare the R t values of the same variant across different regions and analyze the transmissibility of each region's variant in relation to the overall situation in that region. Results The progression of VOC for SARS-CoV-2 shows regional variations. However, a common sequence of evolution is observed: Wild-type → Alpha → Beta → Delta → Omicron. Moreover, an increasing trend is discerned within diverse regions where the shift in R t of distinct VOC corresponds with the overarching R t route of SARS-CoV-2 in specific regions. Conclusion As the COVID-19 pandemic advances, regional epidemiological trends are aligning, likely due to similar virus mutations and shared public health strategies, suggesting opportunities for standardized global responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunkang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- CIRAD, Intertryp, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kangguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Buasiyamu Abudunaibi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- CIRAD, Intertryp, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Kaiwei Luo
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | | | | | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Mollazadeh S, Mahmoudi M, Mohammadi M, Kamal Kheder R, Nasiri Mahallati H, Sarbaz Haghighi S, Masoumi E, Javanmardi Z, Esmaeili SA. Investigation of IL-6 serum level in COVID-19 patients with positive COVID-19 IgG/IgM antibody titers to check inflammation and disease progression. Cytokine 2024; 177:156564. [PMID: 38432065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leads to severe pathogenicity and high mortality among different communities around the world. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis and the immune system's response to prevent the further spread of this virus. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum level of interleukin 6 and positive IgG and IgM antibody levels in patients with COVID-19 to investigate inflammation and disease progression. METHODS & MATERIALS In this study, 10 ml of EDTA blood samples were taken from 414 COVID-19 patients. Then, the plasma was separated and the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies and interleukin 6 cytokine were evaluated by ELISA and chemiluminescence methods, respectively. All data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and GraphPad prism 9 software at the significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of IgM and IgG antibodies between men and women. Also, a significant increase in the mean expression of IL-6 was observed only in the high concentration range (100-〉1000 pg/ml) in men compared to women (P < 0.001). In addition, in the female population, all three concentration ranges (negative, medium, and high) of IL-6 have the highest correlation with high titers (>10 U/ml) of IgM and IgG antibodies. While, in men, all three concentration ranges of IL-6 had the highest correlation with > 10 U/ml IgM antibody titers, but in the case of IgG, the highest correlation between different concentrations of IL-6 was observed with the negative or moderate titers of this antibody and there was an inverse relationship with the high titers of IgG (>10 U/ml). CONCLUSION As a result, the relationship between different serum levels of cytokine IL-6 with different titers of IgM and IgG antibodies was observed in both male and female populations. In general, it can be concluded that the correlation between different concentrations of IL-6 with different IgM titers was similar in both men and women, but in the case of different IgG titers, this correlation was higher in women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | | | - Elnaz Masoumi
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Javanmardi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhou R, Gu Y, Zhang B, Kong T, Zhang W, Li J, Shi J. Digital Therapeutics: Emerging New Therapy for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2023; 14:e00575. [PMID: 36854062 PMCID: PMC10132718 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide is particularly worrisome, as no medication has been approved to treat the disease. Lifestyle modifications aimed at promoting weight loss and weight maintenance remain the current first-line treatment for NAFLD. However, due to the lack of standard and scientific guidance and out-of-hospital supervision, long-term outcomes of lifestyle interventions for patients with NAFLD are often unsatisfactory. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic aggravated this dilemma. At the same time, digital therapeutics (DTx) are expected to be a new method for the convenient management and treatment of patients with NAFLD and are attracting a great deal of attention. DTx, which provide evidence-based medicine through software programs for remote intervention in preventing, treating, or managing diseases, overcome the drawbacks of traditional treatment. The efficacy of the approach has already been demonstrated for some chronic diseases, but DTx have not been fully developed for NAFLD. This study reviews the concepts, clinical value, and practical applications related to DTx, with an emphasis on recommendations based on unmet needs for NAFLD. A better understanding of the current state will help clinicians and researchers develop high-quality, standardized, and efficient DTx products, with the aim of optimizing the prognosis of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhou
- College of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Yunpeng Gu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China;
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Tingting Kong
- College of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China;
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Junping Shi
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China;
- The Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Disease, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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Melo-Diaz LL, Kieling GA. The ROX index: "Propelled" by high-flow nasal cannula therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic into greater applicability in respiratory support. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY THERAPY : CJRT = REVUE CANADIENNE DE LA THERAPIE RESPIRATOIRE : RCTR 2022; 58:182-184. [PMID: 36506639 PMCID: PMC9680963 DOI: 10.29390/cjrt-2022-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Luna Melo-Diaz
- Multiprofessional Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - George Alvicio Kieling
- Multiprofessional Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Abstract
The fast spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and its high mortality were quickly noticed by the health community. B vitamins are essential micronutrients for the body with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties. The present study can provide a comprehensive picture of the associations between B vitamins and COVID-19 incidence. This study was undertaken on 9189 adult participants of the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMIZ) study aged 20 to 69 years. Data on dietary intakes were obtained using a validated FFQ. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between B vitamins and COVID-19. Our findings indicated that participants in the fourth quartile of vitamin B5 intake compared with the first quartile had a protective effect against COVID-19 (OR: 0·53, 95 % CI 0·28, 0·99, P-trend = 0·02) after adjustment for all possible confounds in model 3. In addition, participants in the third quartile of vitamin B12 intake compared with the first quartile (OR: 0·63, 95 % CI 0·40, 0·98, P-trend = 0·11) had fewer odds of COVID-19 after full adjustments for confounders. Our findings indicated no significant relationship between dietary intake of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B9 and B-complex and COVID-19. A higher intake of vitamin B5 could reduce the odds of COVID-19 by 47 %, and a moderate intake of vitamin B12 had a protective effect on COVID-19. Although our study has promising results, stronger clinical studies are needed.
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Mirahmadizadeh A, Maleki Z, Miyar A, Sahebi R, Dadvar A, Moradian MJ, Rastegarfar B, Daliri M, Mohammadi Abnavi M, Ghaem H. Prognosis of COVID-19 infection among opium users in Iran,2020: a hospital-based study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2144499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Maleki
- Student Research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ata Miyar
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario (Western University), London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roya Sahebi
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Moradian
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Rastegarfar
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masumeh Daliri
- Student Research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Ghaem
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Diaz A, Bujnowski D, McMullen P, Lysandrou M, Ananthanarayanan V, Husain AN, Freeman R, Vigneswaran WT, Ferguson MK, Donington JS, Madariaga MLL, Abdelsattar ZM. Pulmonary Parenchymal Changes in COVID-19 Survivors. Ann Thorac Surg 2022; 114:301-310. [PMID: 34343471 PMCID: PMC8325553 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the COVID-19 pandemic moves into the survivorship phase, questions regarding long-term lung damage remain unanswered. Previous histopathologic studies are limited to autopsy reports. We studied lung specimens from COVID-19 survivors who underwent elective lung resections to determine whether postacute histopathologic changes are present. METHODS This multicenter observational study included 11 adult COVID-19 survivors who had recovered but subsequently underwent unrelated elective lung resection for indeterminate lung nodules or lung cancer. We compared these against an age- and procedure-matched control group who never contracted COVID-19 (n = 5) and an end-stage COVID-19 group (n = 3). A blinded pulmonary pathologist examined the lung parenchyma focusing on 4 compartments: airways, alveoli, interstitium, and vasculature. RESULTS Elective lung resection was performed in 11 COVID-19 survivors with asymptomatic (n = 4), moderate (n = 4), and severe (n = 3) COVID-19 infections at a median 68.5 days (range 24-142 days) after the COVID-19 diagnosis. The most common operation was lobectomy (75%). Histopathologic examination identified no differences between the lung parenchyma of COVID-19 survivors and controls across all compartments examined. Conversely, patients in the end-stage COVID-19 group showed fibrotic diffuse alveolar damage with intra-alveolar macrophages, organizing pneumonia, and focal interstitial emphysema. CONCLUSIONS In this study to examine the lung parenchyma of COVID-19 survivors, we did not find distinct postacute histopathologic changes to suggest permanent pulmonary damage. These results are reassuring for COVID-19 survivors who recover and become asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Diaz
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Bujnowski
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Phillip McMullen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria Lysandrou
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Aliya N. Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard Freeman
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Wickii T. Vigneswaran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Mark K. Ferguson
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica S. Donington
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria Lucia L. Madariaga
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zaid M. Abdelsattar
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois,Address correspondence to Dr Abdelsattar, Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153
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Al-Najjar MAA, Al-alwany RR, Al-Rshoud FM, Abu-Farha RK, Zawiah M. Menstrual changes following COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study from Jordan and Iraq. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270537. [PMID: 35767537 PMCID: PMC9242447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose
COVID-19 infection is normally followed by several post-COVID effects. This study aimed to investigate to evaluate menstrual changes in females following COVID-19 infection, and to evaluate female perception about the effect of COVID-19 on their menstrual cycles.
Methods
During this cross-sectional survey-based study, a convenience sample of 483 women from Jordan and from Iraq, who had infected with COVID-19 were invited to fill-out the study questionnaire.
Results
The study was conducted on the females, with a median age 31 years old. Results showed that 47.2% of them (n = 228) suffered from a change in the number of days between two consecutive periods, as well as from a change in the amount of blood loss. Also, more than 50% of them believed that COVID-19 infection may cause changes in the amount of blood loss during the cycle (n = 375, 56.9%), and changes in the number of days between the two consecutive periods (n = 362, 54.2%).
Regression analysis showed that participants with higher educational level (bachelor or higher) (Beta = -0.114, P = 0.011), and those living in Iraq (Beta = -0.166, P<0.001) believed that COVID-19 has lower tendency to cause menstrual changes. In addition, non-married females (Beta = 0.109, P = 0.017), and those who are current smokers (Beta = 0.091, P = 0.048) believed that COVID-19 has higher tendency to cause menstrual changes.
Conclusion
his study revealed that COVID-19 infection could affect the menstrual cycle for the females. Further prospective studies should be done to confirm these findings and evaluate how long these menstrual irregularities lasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. A. Al-Najjar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ruaa R. Al-alwany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Firas M. Al-Rshoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rana K. Abu-Farha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department Clinical Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Zawiah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Al-Hodeida, Al Hodeida, Yemen
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sans Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Contrasting Epidemiology and Population Genetics of COVID-19 Infections Defined by Multilocus Genotypes in SARS-CoV-2 Genomes Sampled Globally. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071434. [PMID: 35891414 PMCID: PMC9316073 DOI: 10.3390/v14071434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread and evolved globally, with newly emerged variants of concern (VOCs) accounting for more than 500 million COVID-19 cases and 6 million deaths. Continuous surveillance utilizing simple genetic tools is needed to measure the viral epidemiological diversity, risk of infection, and distribution among different demographics in different geographical regions. To help address this need, we developed a proof-of-concept multilocus genotyping tool and demonstrated its utility to monitor viral populations sampled in 2020 and 2021 across six continents. We sampled globally 22,164 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from GISAID (inclusion criteria: available clinical and demographic data). They comprised two study populations, “2020 genomes” (N = 5959) sampled from December 2019 to September 2020 and “2021 genomes” (N = 16,205) sampled from 15 January to 15 March 2021. All genomes were aligned to the SARS-CoV-2 reference genome and amino acid polymorphisms were called with quality filtering. Thereafter, 74 codons (loci) in 14 genes including orf1ab polygene (N = 9), orf3a, orf8, nucleocapsid (N), matrix (M), and spike (S) met the 0.01 minimum allele frequency criteria and were selected to construct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) for the genomes. At these loci, 137 mutant/variant amino acids (alleles) were detected with eight VOC-defining variant alleles, including N KR203&204, orf1ab (I265, F3606, and L4715), orf3a H57, orf8 S84, and S G614, being predominant globally with > 35% prevalence. Their persistence and selection were associated with peaks in the viral transmission and COVID-19 incidence between 2020 and 2021. Epidemiologically, older patients (≥20 years) compared to younger patients (<20 years) had a higher risk of being infected with these variants, but this association was dependent on the continent of origin. In the global population, the discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) showed contrasting patterns of genetic clustering with three (Africa, Asia, and North America) and two (North and South America) continental clusters being observed for the 2020 and 2021 global populations, respectively. Within each continent, the MLG repertoires (range 40−199) sampled in 2020 and 2021 were genetically differentiated, with ≤4 MLGs per repertoire accounting for the majority of genomes sampled. These data suggested that the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections in 2020 and 2021 were caused by genetically distinct variants that likely adapted to local populations. Indeed, four GISAID clade-defined VOCs - GRY (Alpha), GH (Beta), GR (Gamma), and G/GK (Delta variant) were differentiated by their MLG signatures, demonstrating the versatility of the MLG tool for variant identification. Results from this proof-of-concept multilocus genotyping demonstrates its utility for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and for monitoring its spatiotemporal epidemiology and evolution, particularly in response to control interventions including COVID-19 vaccines and chemotherapies.
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Darand M, Hassanizadeh S, Marzban A, Mirzaei M, Hosseinzadeh M. The association between dairy products and the risk of COVID-19. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1583-1589. [PMID: 35488069 PMCID: PMC9051497 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fast spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and its high mortality were quickly noticed by the health community. Dairy products have been recognized as part of a healthy diet that helps strengthen body immunity and prevent infections. The present study can provide a comprehensive picture of the associations between dairy products consumption and COVID-19 incidence. METHODS This study was undertaken on 8801 adults participants of Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMIZ) study aged 20 to 70 years. Data on dietary intakes were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between dairy consumption and COVID-19. RESULT Our finding indicated that moderate intake of total dairy (OR: 0.63, 95% CI 0.46-0.87, P-trend = 0.97) could reduce the odds of COVID-19 and higher intake of low-fat dairy products (OR: 0.51 CI: 0.37-0.69, p-trend < 0.001) and low-fat milk (OR: 0.47 CI: 0.35-0.64, p-trend < 0.001) had a protective effect on COVID-19 after adjusting for confounders. However, higher intake of high-fat-dairy-product (OR: 1.40 CI: 1.09-1.92, p-trend = 0.03), high-fat milk (OR: 1.54 CI: 1.20-1.97, p-trend < 0.001), total yogurt (OR: 1.40 CI: 1.04-1.89, p-trend = 0.01), cheese (OR: 1.80 CI: 1.27-2.56, p-trend = 0.001), and butter (OR: 1.80 CI: 1.04-3.11, p-trend = 0.02) were related to increase the odds of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Moderate intake of total dairy could reduce odds of COVID-19 by 37% and, a higher intake of low-fat dairy products had a protective role on COVID-19. Although our study has promising results, stronger clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Darand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Hassanizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Marzban
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of public health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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COVID-19 in Tunisia (North Africa): Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the General Population of the Capital City Tunis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040971. [PMID: 35454019 PMCID: PMC9031774 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seroprevalence studies are essential to get an accurate estimate of the actual SARS-CoV-2 diffusion within populations. We report on the findings of the first serosurvey conducted in Tunis prior to the implementation of mass vaccination and analyzed factors associated with seropositivity. A household cross sectional survey was conducted (March–April 2021) in Tunis, spanning the end of the second wave and the beginning of the third wave of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the spike (S-RBD) or the nucleocapsid (N) proteins were detected by in-house ELISA tests. The survey included 1676 individuals from 431 households. The mean age and sex ratio were 43.3 ± 20.9 years and 0.6, respectively. The weighted seroprevalence of anti-N and/or anti-S-RBD IgG antibodies was equal to 38.0% (34.6–41.5). In multivariate analysis, age under 10, no tobacco use, previous diagnosis of COVID-19, a history of COVID-19 related symptoms and contact with a COVID-19 case within the household, were independently associated with higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. More than one third of people living in Tunis obtained antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Further studies are needed to monitor changes in these figures as Tunisian population is confronted to the subsequent epidemic waves and to guide the vaccine strategy.
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Mohd Fuad SH, Juliana N, Mohd Azmi NAS, Mohd Fahmi Teng NI, Azmani S, Abu IF, Das S. Circadian Disruption and Occupational Toxicants Exposure Affecting the Immunity of Shift Workers During SARS CoV-2 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:829013. [PMID: 35392476 PMCID: PMC8980348 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.829013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In several regions of the world, the recent Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak increased morbidity and mortality. The pandemic situation disrupted many workers' previously established lifestyles. The main aim of the present review was to describe the circadian disruption and occupational toxicant exposure affecting the immunity of shift workers during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic. We retrieved pertinent published literature from the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases. In the present review, we discuss the circadian rhythm involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis at the molecular level, its disruption, occupational toxicant exposure causing immunomodulatory effects, and the role of immunity during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic. The severity of the progression of the viral infection depends on multiple factors affecting immunity. Hence, shift workers may need to be aware of those factors such as circadian rhythm disruption as well as occupational toxicant exposure. The timing of shift workers' energy intake is also important concerning the shift of the workers. The information in the present review may be important for all workers who are at risk during the pandemic. In the absence of any published literature related to association of circadian rhythm disruption with occupational toxicant exposure, the present review may have greater importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hanisah Mohd Fuad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Norsham Juliana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Sahar Azmani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
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13
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The potential of volatile organic compounds-based breath analysis for COVID-19 screening: a systematic review & meta-analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 102:115589. [PMID: 34879323 PMCID: PMC8556067 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a major problem with an increasing incidence and mortality. The discovery of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) based on breath analysis offers a reliable, rapid, and affordable screening method. This study examined VOC-based breath analysis diagnostic performance for SARS-COV-2 infection compared to RT-PCR. A systematic review was conducted in 8 scientific databases based on the PRISMA guideline. Original English studies evaluating human breaths for COVID-19 screening and mentioning sensitivity and specificity value compared to RT-PCR were included. Six studies were included with a total of 4093 samples from various settings. VOCs-based breath analysis had the cumulative sensitivity of 98.2% (97.5% CI 93.1%-99.6%) and specificity of 74.3% (97.5% CI 66.4%-80.9%). Subgroup analysis on chemical analysis (GC-MS) and pattern recognition (eNose) revealed higher sensitivity in the eNose group. VOC-based breath analysis shows high sensitivity and promising specificity for COVID-19 public screening.
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14
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Chen HY, Li XX, Li C, Zhu HC, Hou HY, Zhang B, Cheng LM, Hu H, Lu ZX, Liu JX, Yang ZR, Zhang L, Xu N, Chen L, He C, Dong CR, Ge QG, Lin J. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Signatures in Circulating Cell-Free DNA as Early Warning Biomarkers for COVID-19 Progression and Myocardial Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781267. [PMID: 35071229 PMCID: PMC8770986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from moderate to critical conditions, leading to death in some patients, and the early warning indicators of the COVID-19 progression and the occurrence of its serious complications such as myocardial injury are limited. Methods: We carried out a multi-center, prospective cohort study in three hospitals in Wuhan. Genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiles in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was used to identify risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia and develop a machine learning model using samples from 53 healthy volunteers, 66 patients with moderate COVID-19, 99 patients with severe COVID-19, and 38 patients with critical COVID-19. Results: Our warning model demonstrated that an area under the curve (AUC) for 5hmC warning moderate patients developed into severe status was 0.81 (95% CI 0.77–0.85) and for severe patients developed into critical status was 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.96). We further built a warning model on patients with and without myocardial injury with the AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.95). Conclusion: This is the first study showing the utility of 5hmC as an accurate early warning marker for disease progression and myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. Our results show that phosphodiesterase 4D and ten-eleven translocation 2 may be important markers in the progression of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Chuan Zhu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Yan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Xing Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Ruo Yang
- Yang Sheng Tang Natural Medicine Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yang Sheng Tang Natural Medicine Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Yang Sheng Tang Natural Medicine Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chao-Ran Dong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Gang Ge
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Suthar AB, Schubert S, Garon J, Couture A, Brown AM, Charania S. Coronavirus Disease Case Definitions, Diagnostic Testing Criteria, and Surveillance in 25 Countries with Highest Reported Case Counts. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:148-156. [PMID: 34932450 PMCID: PMC8714223 DOI: 10.3201/eid2801.211082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared case definitions for suspected, probable, and confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as well as diagnostic testing criteria, used in the 25 countries with the highest reported case counts as of October 1, 2020. Of the identified countries, 56% followed World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for using a combination of clinical and epidemiologic criteria as part of the suspected case definition. A total of 75% of identified countries followed WHO recommendations on using clinical, epidemiologic, and diagnostic criteria for probable cases; 72% followed WHO recommendations to use PCR testing to confirm COVID-19. Finally, 64% of countries used testing eligibility criteria at least as permissive as WHO. We observed marked heterogeneity in testing eligibility requirements and in how countries define a COVID-19 case. This heterogeneity affects the ability to compare case counts, transmission, and vaccine effectiveness, as well as estimates derived from case surveillance data across countries.
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Simret TA, Gupta A. Assessment of interrelationship between meteorology, air quality and COVID 19 cases in Gujarat state. MATERIALS TODAY. PROCEEDINGS 2022; 57:1567-1574. [PMID: 34931165 PMCID: PMC8674515 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, pollutants levels from March 1, 2020, to August 30, 2020, were compared with similar periods of 2019 to assess the impact of lockdown due to COVID 19 on the quality of air in 3 different cities of Gujarat, India named Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, and Valsad. Data was collected from AccuWeather and Central Pollution Control Board website for study period. Data was analyzed by comparing air quality taking 2019 as reference and correlation matrix were developed for study sites. Lockdown resulted from COVID-19 has shown decline trends in pollutant concentration resulting in improved air quality in the study area. In the first city Ahmedabad, Gujarat an air pollutant parameter such as CO, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 were reduced by 54%, 181%, 70%, 33%, and 103% respectively. Almost similar trends were observed in the rest of the two cities also i.e., Gandhinagar and Valsad. NO2 level got reduced by a factor of 100% which can be associated with ban on vehicular movement. Correlation between the air pollutant and metrological variables with COVID-19 variables were also studied be developing correlation matrix. In Gandhinagar, a strong correlation was observed between carbon monoxide, and PM10 with COVID-19, a moderate correlation between NO2, and SO2 with the COVID-19 variables, a week correlation was found between temperature and COVID-19, and no correlation is found between wind speed and COVID-19 variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Adane Simret
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India
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Abstract
Latin America has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 burden in rural settings in Latin America is unclear. We performed a cross-sectional, population-based, random-selection SARS-CoV-2 serologic study during March 2021 in the rural population of San Martin region, northern Peru. In total, 563 persons from 288 houses across 10 provinces were enrolled, reaching 0.2% of the total rural population of San Martin. Screening for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was done using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and reactive sera were confirmed using a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Validation of the testing algorithm using prepandemic sera from two regions of Peru showed false-positive results in the CLIA (23/84 sera; 27%) but not in the sVNT, highlighting the pitfalls of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in tropical regions and the high specificity of the two-step algorithm used in this study. An overall 59.0% seroprevalence (95% confidence interval [CI], 55 to 63%) corroborated intense SARS-CoV-2 spread in San Martin. Seroprevalence rates between the 10 provinces varied from 41.3 to 74.0% (95% CI, 30 to 84%). Higher seroprevalence was not associated with population size, population density, surface area, mean altitude, or poverty index in Spearman correlations. Seroprevalence and reported incidence diverged substantially between provinces, suggesting regional biases of COVID-19 surveillance data. Potentially, limited health care access due to environmental, economic, and cultural factors might lead to undetected infections in rural populations. Additionally, test avoidance to evade mandatory quarantine might affect rural regions more than urban regions. Serologic diagnostics should be pursued in resource-limited settings to inform country-level surveillance and vaccination strategies and to support control measures for COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Latin America is a global hot spot of the COVID-19 pandemic. Serologic studies in Latin America have been mostly performed in urban settings. Rural populations comprise 20% of the total Latin American population. Nevertheless, information on COVID-19 spread in rural settings is scarce. Using a representative population-based seroprevalence study, we detected a high seroprevalence in rural populations in San Martin, northern Peru, in 2021, reaching 41 to 74%. However, seroprevalence and reported incidence diverged substantially between regions, potentially due to limited health care access or test avoidance due to mandatory quarantine. Our results suggest that rural populations are highly affected by SARS-CoV-2 even though they are sociodemographically distinct from urban populations and that highly specific serological diagnostics should be performed in resource-limited settings to support public health strategies of COVID-19 control.
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Sharma S, Jagadeesh H, Saxena A, Chakravarthy H, Devanathan V. Central nervous system as a target of novel coronavirus infections: Potential routes of entry and pathogenic mechanisms. J Biosci 2021. [PMID: 34840148 PMCID: PMC8612883 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic started in December 2019, there have been several reports of patients succumbing to neurological complications. Early reports were suggestive of a possibility, while by early 2020 it was clearly evident that although SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system, the brain is one of the most affected organs post-recovery. Although it may be premature to comment on the long-term effects of COVID-19 in brain, some reliable predictions can be made based on the data currently available. Further, exploring the CNS connections of SARS-CoV-2 is of keen interest for neuroscience researchers. As soon as the virus enters the nasal region, it is exposed to the olfactory nervous system which is interlinked with the visual system, and hence we explore the mechanism of entry of this virus into CNS, including brain, olfactory and retinal nervous systems. In this review, we have thoroughly reviewed reports about both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 with respect to their ability to breach the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. We have compiled different neurological conditions resulting from COVID-19 and looked into viral infections related to COVID-19 to understand how the virus may gain control of the olfactory and visual systems. Once the dust settles on the pandemic, it would be interesting to explore the extent of viral infection in the CNS. The long-term effects of this virus in the CNS are not yet known, and several scientific research papers evolving in this field will throw light on the same.
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Abd El-Raheem GOH, Mohamed DSI, Yousif MAA, Elamin HES. Characteristics and severity of COVID-19 among Sudanese patients during the waves of the pandemic. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021; 14:e01033. [PMID: 34729446 PMCID: PMC8553365 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with marked morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 symptoms ranged from mild symptoms to severe pneumonia requiring admission to intensive care unit. Imperial College reported that, this second wave in Khartoum is expected to be similar to the first wave. The aim of our study was to study the characteristics and severity of COVID-19 among Sudanese patients during the waves of the pandemic. A hospital-based analytical Cross-Sectional study assessed the characteristics of COVID-19 patients who attended Imperial Hospital since November 2020, Khartoum, Sudan. Data were collected, retrospectively, from the medical records of COVID-19 patients. The characteristics of the patients were recorded. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-23) was used to describe and analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used; tests were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Of the 138 participants, 75.4% were aged above 60 years. Males were 61.6%. Severe cases were 37.7%, with higher rate in the third wave (p = 0.000). Duration of hospitalization was ≤ 5 days in 60.9% of the cases, majority were from the 2nd wave (p = 0.001). Comorbidities of COVID-19 patients were more among non-severe cases (p = 0.001). COVID-19 symptoms were more prevalent in non-severe cases. Complications were more in severe cases (p = 0.000). Odds ratio of having ischemic stroke was 6.833 [95%CI: 2.092-22.321] based on COVID-19 severity. The elderly population were the majority. More males were getting admitted. Atypical symptoms were reported beside the common symptoms. Wider multi-center studies are recommended in order to complete the big picture of COVID-19 in Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Omer Hamad Abd El-Raheem
- Pharmacy Department, American Board Certified Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, Imperial Specialized Hospital, Alsharif Alhindi street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Doaa Salih Ibrahim Mohamed
- Emergency Department, Senior Medical Officer, Imperial Specialized Hospital, Alsharif Alhindi street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maysoun Ahmed Awad Yousif
- Emergency Department, Senior Medical Officer, Imperial Specialized Hospital, Alsharif Alhindi street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hind Eltayeb Salih Elamin
- Full Membership of Royal College of Physicians in London, Certificate in Research Methodology, Harvard University, Physician in Abu Dhabi Telemedicine Center, P.O. Box 147722, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Vickory F, Ridgeway K, Falvey J, Houwer B, Gunlikson J, Payne K, Niehaus W. Safety, Feasibility, and Outcomes of Frequent, Long-Duration Rehabilitation in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility After Prolonged Hospitalization for Severe COVID-19: An Observational Study. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6365140. [PMID: 34499165 PMCID: PMC8499953 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE he objective of this study was to evaluate safety, feasibility, and outcomes of 30 patients within an inpatient rehabilitation facility following hospitalization for severe Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infection. METHODS This was an observational study of 30 patients (ages 26-80 years) within a large, metropolitan, academic hospital following hospitalization for complications from severe COVID-19. Ninety percent of the participants required critical care, and 83% required mechanical ventilation during their hospitalization. Within an inpatient rehabilitation facility and model of care, frequent, long-duration rehabilitation was provided by occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech language pathologists. RESULTS The average inpatient rehabilitation facility length of stay was 11 days (ranging from 4-22 days). Patients averaged 165 min/d (ranging from 140-205 minutes) total of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Twenty-eight of the 30 patients (93%) were discharged to the community. One patient required readmission from an inpatient rehabilitation facility to an acute hospital. All 30 patients improved their functional status with inpatient rehabilitation. CONCLUSION In this cohort of 30 patients, inpatient rehabilitation after severe COVID-19 was safe and feasible. Patients were able to participate in frequent, long-duration rehabilitation with nearly all patients discharging to the community. Clinically, inpatient rehabilitation should be considered for patients with functional limitations following severe COVID-19. Given 90% of our cohort required critical care, future studies should investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation following hospitalization for critical illness. Frequent, long-duration rehabilitation shows promising potential to address functional impairments following hospitalization for severe COVID-19. IMPACT Inpatient rehabilitation facilities should be considered as a discharge location for hospitalized survivors of COVID-19, especially severe COVID-19, with functional limitations precluding community discharge. Clinicians and administrators should consider inpatient rehabilitation and inpatient rehabilitation facilities to address the rehabilitation needs of COVID-19 and critical illness survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Vickory
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Frank Vickory at: Inpatient Rehabilitation Therapy Department, University of Colorado Hospital, 12605 E 16 Ave. Aurora, CO 80045. (850) 509-0112,
| | - Kyle Ridgeway
- Inpatient Rehabilitation Therapy Department, University of Colorado Hospital, 12605 E 16 Ave, Aurora, CO 80045. Physical Therapy Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus: School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - Jason Falvey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Beth Houwer
- Inpatient Rehabilitation Therapy Department, University of Colorado Hospital, 12605 E 16 Ave, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jennifer Gunlikson
- Inpatient Rehabilitation Therapy Department, University of Colorado Hospital, 12605 E 16 Ave, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Katherine Payne
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Hospital. 12631 E 17 Ave, Mail Stop F493 Aurora, CO 80045
| | - William Niehaus
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Hospital. 12631 E 17 Ave, Mail Stop F493 Aurora, CO 80045
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ARDANEH M, TAVAKOLİ-FAR F, PAYANDEH A, AMİRİ-ARDEKANİ E. How Screening plays role in Covid-19 management? Results of a Cross-Sectional Study on Covid-19 patients signs and symptoms. TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.46310/tjim.984243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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22
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Mahmud I, Kabir R, Rahman MA, Alradie-Mohamed A, Vinnakota D, Al-Mohaimeed A. The Health Belief Model Predicts Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in Saudi Arabia: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:864. [PMID: 34451991 PMCID: PMC8402432 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the intention and predictors of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a nation-wide, cross-sectional online survey between February and March 2021. A total of 1387 people (≥18 years) participated. Only 27.3% adults had a definite and 30.2% had a probable vaccination intent; 26.8% and 15.6% had a probable and definite negative vaccination intent. Older people (≥50 years) (p < 0.01), healthcare workers/professionals (p < 0.001), and those who received flu vaccine (p < 0.001) were more likely to have a positive intent. People from Riyadh were less likely to receive the vaccine (p < 0.05). Among the health belief model constructs, perceived susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19 (p < 0.001), and perceived benefit of the vaccine (p < 0.001) were positively associated with vaccination intent, whereas perceived barriers had a negative association (p < 0.001). Individuals were more likely to receive the vaccine after obtaining complete information (p < 0.001) and when the vaccine uptake would be more common amongst the public (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Mahmud
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah 51941, Saudi Arabia
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1SQ, UK; (R.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC 3806, Australia;
- Australia Institute for Primary Care and Ageing (AIPCA), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Divya Vinnakota
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1SQ, UK; (R.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Antonara S, Ozbolt P, Landon L, Fatica L, Pleasant T, Swickard J, Drury A, Wongchaowart N, Cradic KW. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic populations using the DiaSorin molecular Simplexa and Roche Cobas EUA assays. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 102:115513. [PMID: 34649190 PMCID: PMC8324421 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Identification of asymptomatic patients is necessary to control the COVID-19 pandemic and testing is one of the measures to detect this population. We evaluated the clinical correlation of the DiaSorin Molecular Simplexa COVID-19 Direct (DiaSorin Molecular) and Roche Cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) assays using 253 oropharyngeal (OP) swab specimens collected from asymptomatic patients. Agreement between DiaSorin Molecular and Roche was 97% (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.99), with a κ statistic of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.97) and a PPA of 89% (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.96) and NPA of 99% (95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99). Simple regression analysis of Ct values revealed a regression line of y = 1.065*X - 5.537 with a Pearson's r of 0.8542, indicating a good correlation between both platforms. The DiaSorin Molecular assay demonstrates clinical performance comparable to that of Roche in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Antonara
- OhioHealth Laboratory Services, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA; CORPath Pathology Services, LLC, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Patrick Ozbolt
- OhioHealth Laboratory Services, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lorie Landon
- OhioHealth Laboratory Services, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Fatica
- OhioHealth Laboratory Services, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamra Pleasant
- OhioHealth Laboratory Services, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Andrew Drury
- OhioHealth Laboratory Services, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Wongchaowart
- OhioHealth Laboratory Services, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA; CORPath Pathology Services, LLC, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kendall W Cradic
- OhioHealth Laboratory Services, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA; CORPath Pathology Services, LLC, Columbus, OH, USA
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24
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Yaranagula SD, Koduri VKC. Spectrum of Acute Neuropathy Associated With Covid-19: A Clinical and Electrophysiological Study of 13 Patients From a Single Center. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:314-319. [PMID: 34333121 PMCID: PMC8320398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze clinical and nerve conduction patterns in patients with acute neuropathy, preceded by or concomitantly having Covid-19 disease (Acute neuropathy associated with Covid-19 or ANAC 19). METHODS A retrospective analysis of clinical details, laboratory evaluation and electrophysiological parameters in patients with ANAC 19 was performed. These data were compared with non-Covid Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) described in literature and also with patients with acute neuropathy without Covid-19 who had presented to the center during the study period. RESULTS Records of 13 patients with ANAC 19 were reviewed. Most patients clinically had paraparesis, and electrophysiologically showed demyelinating neuropathy. Peroneal and sural nerves were the most frequently abnormal motor and sensory nerves, respectively. A proportion of patients showed a peroneal velocity-sparing pattern. Higher incidence of paraparesis and encephalopathy differentiated ANAC 19 from non-Covid GBS. CONCLUSIONS ANAC 19 had a comparable electrophysiological profile to non-Covid GBS; however, it had a distinct clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Deepak Yaranagula
- Consultant Neurologists, Department of Neurology, AIG hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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25
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Domnich A, De Pace V, Pennati BM, Caligiuri P, Varesano S, Bruzzone B, Orsi A. Evaluation of extraction-free RT-qPCR methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2825-2828. [PMID: 34302551 PMCID: PMC8302966 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extraction-based real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is currently the "gold standard" in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. However, some extraction-free RT-qPCR techniques have recently been developed. In this study, we compared the sensitivity of traditional extraction-based, heated extraction-free, and unheated extraction-free RT-qPCR methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic individuals. The unheated extraction-free method showed perfect agreement with the standard extraction-based RT-qPCR. By contrast, the heat-treated technique was associated with an 8.2% false negativity rate. Unheated extraction-free RT-qPCR for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is a valuable alternative to the traditional extraction-based methods and may accelerate turnaround times by about two hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Domnich
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Pace
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice M Pennati
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Caligiuri
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Serena Varesano
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bianca Bruzzone
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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26
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Olivera MJ. Dexamethasone and COVID-19: Strategies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries to Tackle Steroid-Related Strongyloides Hyperinfection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1611-1612. [PMID: 33720844 PMCID: PMC8103443 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 can trigger a systemic inflammatory response that in some cases leads to severe lung involvement, multisystem dysfunction, and death. Dexamethasone therapy, because of its potent anti-inflammatory effects, has been proposed for the management of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. The subject of this article is to discuss potential strategies to tackle Strongyloides hyperinfection in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receiving dexamethasone therapy in low- and middle-income countries. In this context, dexamethasone treatment has been found to be generally safe. However, its use in people coinfected with undetected Strongyloides stercoralis increases the risk for Strongyloides hyperinfection/dissemination a potentially fatal complication. Infection caused by S. stercoralis may remain asymptomatic or with mild symptoms in humans for several years. Early detection and specific treatment prevent a fatal evolution of this complication, but the challenge is to screen before corticosteroid therapy. In some cases, presumptive treatment may be justified. Ivermectin is the gold standard for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Olivera
- Address correspondence to Mario J Olivera, Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Ave. Calle 26 51-20, Bogotá DC, Colombia 111321. E-mail:
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27
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Bruzzone B, De Pace V, Caligiuri P, Ricucci V, Guarona G, Pennati BM, Boccotti S, Orsi A, Domnich A, Da Rin G, Icardi G. Comparative diagnostic performance of rapid antigen detection tests for COVID-19 in a hospital setting. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 107:215-218. [PMID: 33930540 PMCID: PMC8078031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of accurate and rapid diagnostic tools for COVID-19 is essential for tackling the ongoing pandemic. Our study aimed to quantify the performance of available antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) in a real-world hospital setting. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, the diagnostic performance of 7 Ag-RDTs was compared with real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay in terms of sensitivity, specificity and expected predictive values. RESULTS A total of 321 matched Ag-RDTreal-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction samples were analyzed retrospectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the Ag-RDTs was 78.7% and 100%, respectively. However, a wide range of sensitivity estimates by brand (66.0%-93.8%) and cycle threshold (Ct) cut-off values (Ct <25: 96.2%; Ct 30-35: 31.1%) was observed. The optimal Ct cut-off value that maximized sensitivity was 29. CONCLUSIONS The routine use of Ag-RDTs may be convenient in moderate-to-high intensity settings when high volumes of specimens are tested every day. However, the diagnostic performance of the commercially available tests may differ substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bruzzone
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Pace
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Caligiuri
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricucci
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarona
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Boccotti
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alexander Domnich
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Da Rin
- Laboratory Medicine, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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28
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Kabir R, Mahmud I, Chowdhury MTH, Vinnakota D, Jahan SS, Siddika N, Isha SN, Nath SK, Hoque Apu E. COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Willingness to Pay in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:416. [PMID: 33919254 PMCID: PMC8143282 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reports the intent to receive a SARS-COV-2 vaccine, its predictors and willingness to pay in Bangladesh. We carried out an online cross-sectional survey of 697 adults from the general population of Bangladesh in January 2021. A structured questionnaire was used to assess vaccination intent. The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables and health belief model constructs which may predict vaccination intent. Among the participants, 26% demonstrated a definite intent, 43% probable intent, 24% probable negative, and 7% a definite negative intention. Multivariable logistic regression analyses suggest an association between definite intent and previous COVID-19 infection (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.71-4.78), perceiving COVID-19 as serious (OR: 1.93; 1.04-3.59), the belief that vaccination would make them feel less worried about catching COVID-19 (OR: 4.42; 2.25-8.68), and concerns about vaccine affordability (OR: 1.51; 1.01-2.25). Individuals afraid of the side effects (OR: 0.34; 0.21-0.53) and those who would take the vaccine if the vaccine were taken by many others (OR: 0.44; 0.29-0.67) are less likely to have a definite intent. A definite negative intent is associated with the concern that the vaccine may not be halal (OR: 2.03; 1.04-3.96). Furthermore, 68.4% are willing to pay for the vaccine. The median amount that they are willing to pay is USD 7.08. The study findings reveal that the definite intent to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among the general population varies depending on their COVID-19-related health beliefs and no significant association was found with sociodemographic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1SQ, UK; (D.V.); (S.S.J.)
| | - Ilias Mahmud
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah 52741, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Divya Vinnakota
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1SQ, UK; (D.V.); (S.S.J.)
| | - Shah Saif Jahan
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1SQ, UK; (D.V.); (S.S.J.)
| | - Nazeeba Siddika
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Samia Naz Isha
- CAPABLE-A Cambridge-Led Programme in Bangladesh, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
| | - Sujan Kanti Nath
- Department of Dental Public Health, Sapporo Dental College, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.T.H.C.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Quantitative Health Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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29
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Spinato G, Gaudioso P, Boscolo Rizzo P, Fabbris C, Menegaldo A, Mularoni F, Singh B, Maniaci A, Cocuzza S, Frezza D. Risk management during COVID-19: safety procedures for otolaryngologists. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021105. [PMID: 33682810 PMCID: PMC7975934 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i1.11281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 has stressed health care systems worldwide. The high volume of patients, combined with an increased need for intensive care and potential transmission, has forced reorganization of hospitals and care delivery models. In this article, are presented approaches to minimize risk to Otolaryngologists during their patients infected with COVID-19 care. We performed a narrative literature review among PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases, searching for studies on SARS-CoV2 and Risk Management. Standard operating procedures have been adapted both for facilities and for health care workers, including the development of well-defined and segregated patient care areas for treating those affected by COVID-19. Personal protective equipment (PPEs) availability and adequate healthcare providers training on their use should be ensured. Preventive measures are especially important in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, as the exposure to saliva suspensions, droplets and aerosols are increased in the upper aero-digestive tract routine examination. Morever, the frequent invasive procedures, such as laryngoscopy, intubation or tracheotomy placement and care, represent a high risk of contracting COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Spinato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Regional Centre for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Piergiorgio Gaudioso
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Regional Centre for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy .
| | - Paolo Boscolo Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Regional Centre for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy.
| | | | - Anna Menegaldo
- Otolaryngology Department, ULSS2 Veneto Region, Treviso, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mularoni
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Regional Centre for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy.
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, New York.
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", ENT Section; University of Catania- Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F.Ingrassia.
| | - Daniele Frezza
- Otolaryngology Department, ULSS2 Veneto Region, Treviso, Italy.
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30
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Morelli F, Meirelles LEDF, de Souza MVF, Mari NL, Mesquita CSS, Dartibale CB, Damke GMZF, Damke E, da Silva VRS, Souza RP, Consolaro MEL. COVID-19 Infection in the Human Reproductive Tract of Men and Nonpregnant Women. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:814-825. [PMID: 33534765 PMCID: PMC7941816 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA virus, classified as a beta coronavirus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), reported as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor, is expressed in different human tissues (lung, intestine, and kidney) and in the testis, ovaries, uterus, and vagina. This suggests a potential risk to the human reproductive tract in COVID-19 patients. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in the blood, urine, facial/anal swabs, semen, and vaginal secretion, suggesting other potential means of transmission. However, little has been reported about SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male and nonpregnant female reproductive tracts, which may provide direct evidence on sexual transmission and fertility problems. Therefore, we focused this narrative review mainly on the distribution of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the male and nonpregnant female reproductive tracts, providing an overview of the potential threat of COVID-19 to reproductive health and sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcia E. L. Consolaro
- Address correspondence to Marcia E. L. Consolaro, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Clinical Cytology and Semen Analysis, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail:
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31
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Marques C, Kakehasi AM, Gomides APM, Paiva EDS, Dos Reis Neto ET, Pileggi GCS, Provenza JR, Mota L, Xavier RM, Ferreira GA, Pinheiro MM. A Brazilian Cohort of Patients With Immuno-Mediated Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Infected by SARS-CoV-2 (ReumaCoV-Brasil Registry): Protocol for a Prospective, Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e24357. [PMID: 33156812 PMCID: PMC7744142 DOI: 10.2196/24357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) are at increased risk of infections, including significant morbidity and high mortality. Considering the potential for unfavorable outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with IMRD, several questions were raised regarding the impact of COVID-19 at the start of the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This paper presents the protocol of a study that aims to prospectively evaluate patients with IMRD and a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (using criteria provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health). METHODS The study comprised a prospective, observational cohort (patients with IMRD and COVID-19) and a comparison group (patients with only IMRD), with a follow-up time of 6 months to evaluate differences in health outcomes. The primary outcomes will be changes in IMRD disease activity after SARS-CoV-2 infection at 4 time points: (1) at baseline, (2) within 4-6 weeks after infection, (3) at 3 months after the second assessment (±15 days), and (4) at 6 months (±15 days). The secondary outcomes will be the progression rate to moderate or severe forms of COVID-19, need for intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation, death, and therapeutic changes related to IMRD. Two outcomes-pulmonary and thromboembolic events in patients with both IMRD and SARS-CoV-2 infection-are of particular interest and will be monitored with close attention (clinical, laboratory, and function tests as well as imaging). RESULTS Recruitment opened in May 2020, with 1300 participants recruited from 43 sites as of November 2020. Patient recruitment will conclude by the end of December 2020, with follow-up occurring until April 2021. Data analysis is scheduled to start after all inclusion data have been collected, with an aim to publish a peer-reviewed paper in December 2020. CONCLUSIONS We believe this study will provide clinically relevant data on the general impact of COVID-19 on patients with IMRD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-33YTQC; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-33ytqc/. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marques
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Licia Mota
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Spalinger MR, Hai R, Li J, Santos AN, Nordgren TM, Tremblay ML, Eckmann L, Hanson E, Scharl M, Wu X, Boland BS, McCole DF. Identification of a Novel Susceptibility Marker for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Subjects and Risk Mitigation with a Clinically Approved JAK Inhibitor in Human/Mouse Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.12.09.416586. [PMID: 33330862 PMCID: PMC7743066 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.09.416586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has affected over 65 million individuals and killed over 1.5 million persons (December 8, 2020; www.who.int)1. While fatality rates are higher among the elderly and those with underlying comorbidities2, host factors that promote susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease are poorly understood. Although individuals with certain autoimmune/inflammatory disorders show increased susceptibility to viral infections, there is incomplete knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in these diseases.3-7 We report that the autoimmune PTPN2 risk variant rs1893217 promotes expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, and increases cellular entry mediated by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Elevated ACE2 expression and viral entry were mediated by increased JAK-STAT signalling, and were reversed by the JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel risk biomarker for increased expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and viral entry, and identify a clinically approved therapeutic agent to mitigate this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R. Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Hai
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina N. Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Tara M. Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elaine Hanson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, California, USA
| | - Brigid S. Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Declan F. McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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33
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Sacco V, Rauch B, Gar C, Haschka S, Potzel AL, Kern-Matschilles S, Banning F, Benz I, Meisel M, Seissler J, Lechner A. Overweight/obesity as the potentially most important lifestyle factor associated with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237799. [PMID: 33206653 PMCID: PMC7673531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The occurrence of pneumonia separates severe cases of COVID-19 from the majority of cases with mild disease. However, the factors determining whether or not pneumonia develops remain to be fully uncovered. We therefore explored the associations of several lifestyle factors with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19. Methods Between May and July 2020, we conducted an online survey of 201 adults in Germany who had recently gone through COVID-19, predominantly as outpatients. Of these, 165 had a PCR-based diagnosis and 36 had a retrospective diagnosis by antibody testing. The survey covered demographic information, eight lifestyle factors, comorbidities and medication use. We defined the main outcome as the presence vs. the absence of signs of pneumonia, represented by dyspnea, the requirement for oxygen therapy or intubation. Results Signs of pneumonia occurred in 39 of the 165 individuals with a PCR-based diagnosis of COVID-19 (23.6%). Among the lifestyle factors examined, only overweight/obesity was associated with signs of pneumonia (odds ratio 2.68 (1.29–5.59) p = 0.008). The observed association remained significant after multivariate adjustment, with BMI as a metric variable, and also after including the antibody-positive individuals into the analysis. Conclusions This exploratory study finds an association of overweight/obesity with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19. This finding suggests that a signal proportional to body fat mass, such as the hormone leptin, impairs the body’s ability to clear SARS-CoV-2 before pneumonia develops. This hypothesis concurs with previous work and should be investigated further to possibly reduce the proportion of severe cases of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sacco
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Rauch
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Gar
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haschka
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne L. Potzel
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kern-Matschilles
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Banning
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Irina Benz
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Meisel
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Narh CA. Genomic Cues From Beta-Coronaviruses and Mammalian Hosts Sheds Light on Probable Origins and Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Causing COVID-19. Front Genet 2020; 11:902. [PMID: 33110415 PMCID: PMC7489052 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Narh
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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