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Bensa K, Širok K. Is It Time to Re-Shift the Research Agenda? A Scoping Review of Participation Rates in Workplace Health Promotion Programs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032757. [PMID: 36768121 PMCID: PMC9916376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Workplace health promotion programmes (WHPPs) are among the most important measures to improve the health and motivation of the ageing workforce. However, they are accompanied with certain challenges, such as low participation rates and higher participation levels of the more health-conscious workers, often failing to engage those who need such interventions the most. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this scoping review examined participation rates reported in articles on WHPPs to identify potential knowledge gaps. The results are worrying: participation rates are not only infrequently reported, but also low. Of the 58 articles, 37 report participation rates, with the majority (20) reporting an average participation rate of less than 50%. Reported participation rates refer either to different target groups, the type of intervention, or to single points in time, which makes it difficult to establish consistent criteria for comparison. We argue that despite the importance of WHPP efficacy, research focus should shift to the determinants of participation, as well as the issue of standardising the reporting of participation rates, alongside the potential problem of reporting bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Bensa
- Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Širok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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2
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Noehammer E, Amler N, Fischmann W. Barrier profiles in workplace health promotion in Germany. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:6974797. [PMID: 36617298 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lay Summary
Workplace health promotion (WHP) is often faced with low-participation rates despite high relevance. This limits the potential for creating positive effects for the organization and its staff. Therefore, we investigated the barriers perceived by employees themselves using a representative sample (regarding age, gender and education) in Germany. Data were collected using a quantitative online questionnaire and then analyzed regarding underlying patterns. We found that there are different barrier types, and their importance differs depending on demographic criteria of the participants and the organizations they work for. These results can help organizations to reduce participation barriers to WHP for their staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Noehammer
- Institute for Management and Economics in Healthcare, UMIT TIROL-University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Nadja Amler
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeits- und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM), München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fischmann
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Association Between the Characteristics of Organizations and Their Profile of Performance Against Quality Benchmarks for Workplace Health Promotion. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61:424-430. [PMID: 30870394 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored subgroups of performance profiles measured by organizations' Well Workplace Checklist (WWC) benchmark scores and examined company characteristics associated with performance subgroups. METHODS The sample included 3728 US organizations that completed the WWC in 2008 to 2015. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to extract distinct subgroups of organizations based on benchmark performance. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between the characteristics of organizations and their performance subgroup. RESULTS Three distinct subgroups of performance resulted from the LPA. Significant associations were found between subgroup assignment and characteristics such as size, industry, how WHP initiatives were paid for, and reasons for implementing WHP initiatives. CONCLUSION The characteristics associated with subgroups of performance suggest utility for developing specific interventions tailored to different types of organizations to improve their overall quality of WHP initiatives.
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4
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Certified Nursing Assistants’ Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing and Using Worksite Health Promotion Programs. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:943-952. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Weaver GM, Bibeau DL, Rulison K, Bray J, Dudley WN, Unsal N. Tracking Changes in US Organizations' Workplace Health Promotion Initiatives: A Longitudinal Analysis of Performance Against Quality Benchmarks. Am J Health Promot 2019; 34:142-149. [PMID: 31645115 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119883581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine changes in organizations' workplace health promotion (WHP) initiatives over time associated with repeated self-assessment using the Well Workplace Checklist (WWC). DESIGN Well Workplace Checklist data include a convenience sample of US organizations that selected to assess their performance against quality WHP benchmarks. SETTING Workplaces. SUBJECTS In total, 577 US organizations completed the WWC in 2 or more years from 2008 to 2015. MEASURES The WWC is a 100-item organizational assessment that measures performance against the original set of quality benchmarks that were established by the Wellness Council of America (WELCOA). ANALYSIS This study examined changes in overall WWC scores as well as 7 separate benchmark scores. Multilevel modeling was used to examine changes in scores associated with repeated assessments, controlling for the year of assessment and organizational characteristics. RESULTS There were significant increases in overall WWC scores (β = 2.93, P < .001) associated with the repeated WWC assessments, after controlling for organizational characteristics. All 7 benchmark scores had significant increases associated with reassessment. Compared to other benchmarks, operating plan (β = 6.18, P < .001) and evaluation (β = 4.91, P < .001) scores increased more with each reassessment. CONCLUSION Continued reassessment may represent more commitment to and investment in WHP initiatives which could lead to improved quality. Other factors that may positively influence changes in performance against benchmarks include company size, access to outside resources for WHP, and a history with implementing WHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- GracieLee M Weaver
- Office of Research & Engagement, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Bibeau
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kelly Rulison
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy Bray
- Department of Economics, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - William N Dudley
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nilay Unsal
- Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Economics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Chakkalakal RJ, Connor LR, Rolando LA, Huang Y, Byrne DW, Awalt BM, McGown PW, Aliyu MH, Yarbrough MI. Putting the National Diabetes Prevention Program to Work: Predictors of Achieving Weight-Loss Goals in an Employee Population. Prev Chronic Dis 2019; 16:E125. [PMID: 31517599 PMCID: PMC6818132 DOI: 10.5888/pcd16.190053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differences in eligibility criteria and intervention characteristics have
limited the generalizability of findings from studies of worksite
translations of the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). The
objective of our study was to identify factors associated with achievement
of the DPP’s 5% weight-loss goal in the Vanderbilt University Medical
Center (VUMC) Faculty and Staff Health and Wellness DPP from 2014 to
2017. Methods We analyzed data from a DPP worksite translation that adhered to national
standards for program quality and intervention fidelity. We compared
baseline characteristics and program metrics for participants who did and
did not achieve the program’s 5% weight-loss goal, and we developed a
multivariable logistic regression model to identify independent predictors
of achieving this goal. Results Of the 165 employees enrolled in the DPP from 2014 to 2017, 43.6% (n = 72)
met the 5% weight-loss goal. Mean (standard deviation) percentage weight
loss for the program was 5.2% (6.0%), or 4.8 (6.0) kg. The median
(interquartile range) body mass index at baseline was lower among
participants who achieved the 5% weight-loss goal than among those who did
not (31.6 [29.4–37.4] vs 34.7 [31.5–39.2], P
= .009), and participants who achieved the goal reported more physical
activity minutes per week (166.0 [135.2–223.0] min vs 128.5
[83.2–169.8] min, P < .001). Session attendance
was greater for participants achieving the 5% weight-loss goal (23
[21–25]) sessions vs 18 [12–21] sessions, P
< .001). In the adjusted analysis, physical activity and session
attendance remained significant predictors of achieving the 5% weight-loss
goal. Conclusion Session attendance and physical activity independently predicted achievement
of the 5% weight-loss goal in this worksite translation of the DPP.
Strategies designed to improve these metrics may increase DPP success
rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosette J Chakkalakal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, Ste 450, Nashville, TN 37232.
| | - Lisa R Connor
- Vanderbilt Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lori A Rolando
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel W Byrne
- Vanderbilt Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bradley M Awalt
- Vanderbilt Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paula W McGown
- Vanderbilt Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Muktar H Aliyu
- Vanderbilt Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mary I Yarbrough
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Sedani A, Stover D, Coyle B, Wani RJ. Assessing Workplace Health and Safety Strategies, Trends, and Barriers through a Statewide Worksite Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2475. [PMID: 31336749 PMCID: PMC6678341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases have added to the economic burden of the U.S. healthcare system. Most Americans spend most of their waking time at work, thereby, presenting employers with an opportunity to protect and promote health. The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of workplace health governance and safety strategies among worksites in the State of Nebraska, over time and by industry sector using a randomized survey. Weighted percentages were compared by year, industry sector, and worksite size. Over the three study periods, 4784 responses were collected from worksite representatives. Adoption of workplace health governance and planning strategies increased over time and significantly varied across industry sector groups. Organizational safety policies varied by industry sector and were more commonly reported than workplace health governance and planning strategies. Time constraints were the most common barrier among worksites of all sizes, and stress was reported as the leading employee health issue that negatively impacts business. Results suggest that opportunities exist to integrate workplace health and safety initiatives, especially in blue-collar industry sectors and small businesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Sedani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Derry Stover
- Division of Public Health, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE 68509, USA.
| | - Brian Coyle
- Division of Public Health, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE 68509, USA
| | - Rajvi J Wani
- Division of Public Health, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE 68509, USA
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8
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Tsai R, Alterman T, Grosch JW, Luckhaupt SE. Availability of and Participation in Workplace Health Promotion Programs by Sociodemographic, Occupation, and Work Organization Characteristics in US Workers. Am J Health Promot 2019; 33:1028-1038. [PMID: 31014070 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119844478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how the availability of and participation in workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) vary as a function of sociodemographic, occupation, and work organization characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING 2015 National Health Interview Survey and Occupational Health Supplement. PARTICIPANTS The study sample included 17 469 employed adults who completed the WHPP questions. MEASURES The 2 dependent outcome measures were availability of WHPPs and participation in these programs when available. Independent variables included occupation and 8 work organization and employment characteristics: company size, hours worked, supervisory responsibility, hourly pay, paid sick leave, health insurance offered by employer, work schedule, and work arrangement. ANALYSIS Poisson regression analyses were conducted with SUDAAN 11.0.1. RESULTS Overall, 57.8% of 46.6% employees who have WHPPs available reported participating in these programs. This study found that adults who worked ≤20 h/wk, worked regular night shifts, were paid by the hour, or worked for temporary agencies were less likely to participate in WHPPs. Workers who supervised others were 13% more likely to participate than nonsupervisors. Borderline associations were seen for having access to employer-sponsored health insurance and working at a site with <10 employees. CONCLUSION Despite the potential for improving physical and mental health, only 58% of US workers participated in WHPPs. Since barriers to WHPP participation (eg, time constraints, lack of awareness, and no perceived need) may vary across occupations and work organization characteristics, employers should tailor WHPPs based on their specific work organization characteristics to maximize participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Tsai
- 1 Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, OH, USA
| | - Toni Alterman
- 1 Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, OH, USA
| | - James W Grosch
- 2 Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sara E Luckhaupt
- 1 Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, OH, USA
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9
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Frank LD, Kuntz JL, Chapman JE, Fox EH, Dickerson JF, Meenan RT, Saelens BE, Young DR, Boone-Heinonen J, Fortmann SP. The Health and economic effects of light rail lines: design, methods, and protocol for a natural experiment. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:200. [PMID: 30770737 PMCID: PMC6377787 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health impacts of community design have been studied extensively over the past two decades. In particular, public transportation use is associated with more walking between transit stops and shops, work, home and other destinations. Change in transit access has been linked with physical activity and obesity but seldom to health outcomes and associated costs, especially within a causal framework. Health related fiscal impacts of transit investment should be a key consideration in major transit investment decisions. METHODS The Rails & Health study is a natural experiment evaluating changes in clinical measures, health care utilization and health care costs among Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) members following the opening of a new light rail transit (LRT) line in Portland, Oregon. The study is prospectively following 3036 adults exposed to the new LRT line and a similar cohort of 4386 adults who do not live close to the new line. Individual-level outcomes and covariates are extracted from the electronic medical record at KPNW, including member demographics and comorbidities, blood pressure, body mass index, lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin, and health care utilization and costs. In addition, participants are surveyed about additional demographics, travel patterns, physical activity (PA), and perceived neighborhood walkability. In a subsample of the study population, we are collecting direct measures of travel-related behavior-physical activity (accelerometry), global positioning system (GPS) tracking, and travel diaries-to document mechanisms responsible for observed changes in health outcomes and cost. Comprehensive measures of the built environment at baseline and after rail construction are also collected. Statistical analyses will (1) examine the effects of opening a new LRT line on chronic disease indicators, health care utilization, and health care costs and (2) evaluate the degree to which observed effects of the LRT line on health measures and costs are mediated by changes in total and transportation-associated PA. DISCUSSION The results of the Rails & Health study will provide urban planners, transportation engineers, health practitioners, developers, and decision makers with critical information needed to document how transit investments impact population health and related costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D. Frank
- Urban Design 4 Health, Inc., Rochester, NY USA
- Health & Community Design Lab, Schools of Population and Public Health and Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Kuntz
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Oregon, Portland USA
| | | | - Eric H. Fox
- Urban Design 4 Health, Inc., Rochester, NY USA
| | - John F. Dickerson
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Oregon, Portland USA
| | - Richard T. Meenan
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Oregon, Portland USA
| | - Brian E. Saelens
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Deborah R. Young
- Center for Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Janne Boone-Heinonen
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Public Health, Oregon, Portland USA
| | - Stephen P. Fortmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Oregon, Portland USA
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10
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Supporting the Health of Low Socioeconomic Status Employees: Qualitative Perspectives From Employees and Large Companies. J Occup Environ Med 2018. [PMID: 29538272 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify alignments between wellness offerings low socioeconomic status (SES) employees need and those large companies can provide. METHODS Focus groups (employees); telephone interviews (large companies). Employees were low-SES, insured through their employers, and employed by large Washington State companies. Focus groups covered perceived barriers to healthy behaviors at work and potential support from companies. Interviews focused on priorities for employee health and challenges reaching low-SES employees. RESULTS Seventy-seven employees participated in eight focus groups; 12 companies completed interviews. Employees identified facilitators and barriers to healthier work environments; companies expressed care for employees, concerns about employee obesity, and reluctance to discuss SES. CONCLUSION Our findings combine low-SES employee and large company perspectives and indicate three ways workplaces could most effectively support low-SES employee health: create healthier workplace food environments; prioritize onsite physical activity facilities; use clearer health communications.
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11
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Mazzola JJ, Moore JT, Alexander K. Is work keeping us from acting healthy? How workplace barriers and facilitators impact nutrition and exercise behaviors. Stress Health 2017; 33:479-489. [PMID: 27891758 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify common barriers and facilitators to healthy nutrition and exercise behaviors in the workplace and examine their relationships to those actual daily health behaviors. We utilized a concurrent embedded mixed methods approach to collect data from 93 participants over the span of four days. Participants reported 2.80 nutrition and 3.28 exercise barriers on average over the 4 days, while reporting 2.93 nutrition and 1.98 exercise facilitators in the same timeframe. Results indicated that workload and temptations around the office prevented nutritious eating; exercise behaviors were frequently hindered by workload. The most commonly mentioned eating facilitator was proper planning, while having time to exercise facilitated physical activity. Furthermore, the number of barriers reported negatively related to their respective health behaviors (i.e., more nutrition barriers translated to poorer nutrition habits) and facilitators were positively related to them, both overall and more so on the specific day they were reported. The implications of these finding show the importance of barriers/facilitators in the workplace and aid in the creation of more targeted health promotion that could increase positive employee health behaviors by eliminating common barriers and enhancing facilitators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Taylor Moore
- The Mental Health Center of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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12
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Persson R, Cleal B, Jakobsen MØ, Villadsen E, Andersen LL. Reasons for using workplace wellness services: Cross-sectional study among 6000 employees. Scand J Public Health 2017; 46:347-357. [PMID: 28673125 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817714190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS While workplace wellness services are proactively established to improve well-being and reduce sickness absence, knowledge of reasons for using these services remains sparse. This study investigates which factors determine use of an in-house wellness service at a large organization (the Danish Police) with several departments in different geographical locations. METHODS All potential users of the Wellness service ( n = 15,284) were invited to respond to a cross-sectional questionnaire. Of 6060 eligible respondents, 58% had used the service at least once (any use) and 17% had used the service at least three times (frequent users). Two items assessed the frequency of statements of justifications for using or not using the Wellness service. Associations between 32 demographic and psychosocial variables and use of the Wellness service were evaluated with unadjusted bivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The two primary justifications for using the Wellness service were: to get a blood pressure assessment (37%) and to rehabilitate injury (26%). The two most common justifications for not using the Wellness service were: no perceived need (44%) and already physically active (34%). Of the 32 demographical and psychosocial variables included, 28 were associated with any use and 24 with frequent use. CONCLUSIONS Use of the Wellness service appears to be driven by a complex configuration of factors that resist easy translation into practical advice. Non-participation was accounted for in terms of both positive and negative barriers. Use of the service for purposes of primary prevention and health promotion was, relatively speaking, lagging behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Persson
- 1 Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden.,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Bryan Cleal
- 3 Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Ebbe Villadsen
- 4 National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- 4 National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,5 Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
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14
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Chen L, Hannon PA, Laing SS, Kohn MJ, Clark K, Pritchard S, Harris JR. Perceived workplace health support is associated with employee productivity. Am J Health Promot 2016; 29:139-46. [PMID: 25559250 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.131216-quan-645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between perceived workplace health support and employee productivity. DESIGN A quantitative cross-sectional study. SETTING Washington State agencies. SUBJECTS A total of 3528 employees from six state agencies were included in this analysis. MEASURES Perceived workplace health support was assessed by two questions that queried respondents on how often they felt supported by the workplace for healthy living and physical activity. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire was used to measure health-related absenteeism and presenteeism in the past 7 days. ANALYSIS Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate the mean differences in productivity by levels of perceived health support. RESULTS Most participants were between 45 and 64 years of age and were predominantly non-Hispanic white. Presenteeism varied significantly by the level of perceived workplace health support, with those who felt least supported having higher presenteeism than those who felt most supported. The difference in presenteeism by perceived workplace support remained significant in models adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics (mean difference: 7.1% for support for healthy living, 95% confidence interval: 3.7%, 10.4%; 4.3% for support for physical activity, 95% confidence interval: 1.7%, 6.8%). Absenteeism was not associated with perceived workplace health support. CONCLUSION Higher perceived workplace health support is independently associated with higher work productivity. Employers may see productivity benefit from wellness programs through improved perceptions of workplace health support.
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15
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Guico-Pabia CJ, Cioffi L, Shoner LG. The Lucent-Takes-Heart Cardiovascular Health Management Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/216507990205000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This prospective, pre- and postevaluation of a worksite cardiovascular health management program consisted of employee education, measurement of cardiovascular risk factors, and on-site individual counseling for all employees, along with follow up screening for high risk participants. Of 1,099 employees (16.4% of those eligible) who participated in the initial screening, 596 (54.2%) were classified as high risk. A total of 167 (28.0%) high risk participants completed the 6 month follow up screening. Most high risk participants in the 6 month follow up screening reported they had increased their exercise (64.7%), improved their diet (71.3%), and visited a physician (61.7%). A minority of the participants (16.8%) began new cardiovascular medications, and 2.4% were diagnosed with diabetes. In addition, there were statistically significant decreases in the percentages of participants with elevated systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein ratio. Almost all (99.7%) of the 909 participants (82.7% of all participants) who completed the satisfaction survey were satisfied or very satisfied with the overall program. Screening in the workplace can identify individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. In this study, more than half of the participants were classified as high risk. Most high risk individuals who attended the 6 month follow up screening had improved their cardiovascular health, but attrition remains a challenge for worksite programs.
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16
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Onufrak SJ, Watson KB, Kimmons J, Pan L, Khan LK, Lee-Kwan SH, Park S. Worksite Food and Physical Activity Environments and Wellness Supports Reported by Employed Adults in the United States, 2013. Am J Health Promot 2016; 32:96-105. [PMID: 27597795 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116664709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the workplace food and physical activity (PA) environments and wellness culture reported by employed United States adults, overall and by employer size. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using web-based survey on wellness policies and environmental supports for healthy eating and PA. SETTING Worksites in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2101 adults employed outside the home. MEASURES Survey items were based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Worksite Health ScoreCard and Checklist of Health Promotion Environments and included the availability and promotion of healthy food items, nutrition education, promotion of breast-feeding, availability of PA amenities and programs, facility discounts, time for PA, stairwell signage, health promotion programs, and health risk assessments. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics were used to examine the prevalence of worksite environmental and facility supports by employer size (<100 or ≥100 employees). Chi-square tests were used to examine the differences by employer size. RESULTS Among employed respondents with workplace food or drink vending machines, approximately 35% indicated the availability of healthy items. Regarding PA, 30.9% of respondents reported that their employer provided opportunities to be physically active and 17.6% reported worksite exercise facilities. Wellness programs were reported by 53.2% working for large employers, compared to 18.1% for smaller employers. CONCLUSION Employee reports suggested that workplace supports for healthy eating, PA, and wellness were limited and were less common among smaller employers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Onufrak
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen B Watson
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel Kimmons
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liping Pan
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Kettel Khan
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seung Hee Lee-Kwan
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sohyun Park
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hunt MK, Lederman R, Stoddard AM, LaMontagne AD, McLellan D, Combe C, Barbeau E, Sorensen G. Process Evaluation of an Integrated Health Promotion/Occupational Health Model in WellWorks-2. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2016; 32:10-26. [PMID: 15642751 DOI: 10.1177/1090198104264216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in chronic disease risk by occupation call for newapproaches to health promotion. Well Works-2 was a randomized, controlled study comparing the effectiveness of a health promotion/occupational health program (HP/OHS) with a standard intervention (HP). Interventions in both studies were based on the same theoretical foundations. Results from process evaluation revealed that a similar number of activities were offered in both conditions and that in the HP/OHS condition there were higher levels of worker participation using three measures: mean participation per activity (HP: 14.2% vs. HP/OHS: 21.2%), mean minutes of worker exposure to the intervention/site (HP: 14.9 vs. HP/OHS: 33.3), and overall mean participation per site (HP: 34.4% vs. HP/ OHS: 45.8%). There were a greater number of contacts with management (HP: 8.8 vs. HP/OHS: 24.9) in the HP/ OHS condition. Addressing occupational health may have contributed to higher levels of worker and management participation and smoking cessation among blue-collar workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kay Hunt
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community Based Research, Boston, MA, USA.
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Jørgensen MB, Villadsen E, Burr H, Punnett L, Holtermann A. Does employee participation in workplace health promotion depend on the working environment? A cross-sectional study of Danish workers. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010516. [PMID: 27279474 PMCID: PMC4908961 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if participation in workplace health promotion (WHP) depends on the work environment. METHODS Questionnaire data on participation in WHP activities (smoking cessation, healthy diet, exercise facilities, weekly exercise classes, contact with health professionals, health screenings) and the work environment (social support, fatiguing work, physical, quantitative and emotional demands, job control and WHP availability setting) were collected cross-sectionally in 2010 in a representative sample (n=10 605) of Danish workers. Binary regression analyses of the association between work environment characteristics and participation in WHP were conducted and adjusted for age, gender and industry. RESULTS WHP offered during leisure time was associated with lower participation in all measured activities compared with when offered during working hours. Low social support and fatiguing work were associated with low participation in WHP. No associations with participation in WHPs were observed for physical work or quantitative demands, work pace or job strain. However, high physical demands/low job control and high emotional demands/low job control were associated with low participation. CONCLUSIONS Lower participation in WHP was associated with programmes during leisure, low social support, very fatiguing work and high physical or emotional demands with low job control. This suggests that to obtain proper effect of health promotion in a workplace setting, a good work environment is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebbe Villadsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Punnett
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Huang SJ, Hung WC. Policy, environment, and worksite fitness program participation among financial enterprise employees in Taiwan. J Exerc Sci Fit 2016; 14:29-34. [PMID: 29541115 PMCID: PMC5801716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE This study explored the intertwined effects between the policies and regulations of the companies and personal background on participation in the physical fitness programs and leisure-time activities in financial enterprises. METHODS A total of 823 employees were selected as the sample with the multilevel stratification random-sampling technique. The response rate was 52.0%. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear logistic regression. RESULTS Thirty-two percent and 39% of the employees participated in the physical fitness programs and leisure-time activities, respectively. The factors affecting participation were categorized into intrapersonal factors, interpersonal processes, and primary groups, as well as institutional factors. In the interpersonal processes and primary groups level, higher family social support, more equipment in health promotion was associated with more participation in the programs. With the influence from the institutional level, it was found that health promotion policy amplified the relationship between employees' age and participation, but attenuated the relationship between education level and participation. Health promotion equipment in the institutes attenuated the relationship between colleague social support, family social support, and education level with program participation. Physical activity equipment in the community attenuated the relationship between family social support and program participation. CONCLUSION The influential factors of social support and worksite environment could predict the employees' participation in the physical fitness programs and leisure-time physical activities. Health promotion policy and equipment attenuated the negative effects of nonparticipation as well as amplified the positive effects of participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheu-jen Huang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-chi Hung
- Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Graham J, Mojica A, Stewart L, Walter M, Schille C, McGinty J, Pearsall M, Whitt O, Mihas P, Bradley A, Simon C. Implementing healthier foodservice guidelines in hospital and federal worksite cafeterias: barriers, facilitators and keys to success. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29:677-686. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Graham
- North Carolina Institute for Public Health; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - A. Mojica
- Public Health Executive Leadership Program; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - L. Stewart
- Department of Nutrition; North Carolina Institute for Public Health; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - M. Walter
- Department of Nutrition; North Carolina Institute for Public Health; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - C. Schille
- Department of Nutrition; North Carolina Institute for Public Health; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - J. McGinty
- Department of Nutrition; North Carolina Institute for Public Health; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - M. Pearsall
- Department of Nutrition; North Carolina Institute for Public Health; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - O. Whitt
- Department of Public Health; East Carolina University; Greenville NC USA
| | - P. Mihas
- Odum Institute; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - A. Bradley
- Partnership for a Healthier America; Washington DC USA
| | - C. Simon
- Partnership for a Healthier America; Washington DC USA
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Factors Associated With Availability of, and Employee Participation in, Comprehensive Workplace Health Promotion in a Large and Diverse Australian Public Sector Setting. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 57:1197-206. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Organizing workplace health literacy to reduce musculoskeletal pain and consequences. BMC Nurs 2015; 14:46. [PMID: 26388697 PMCID: PMC4574516 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-015-0096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite numerous initiatives to improve the working environment for nursing aides, musculoskeletal disorders (pain) is still a considerable problem because of the prevalence, and pervasive consequences on the individual, the workplace and the society. Discrepancies between effort and effect of workplace health initiatives might be due to the fact that pain and the consequences of pain are affected by various individual, interpersonal and organizational factors in a complex interaction. Recent health literacy models pursue an integrated approach to understanding health behavior and have been suggested as a suitable framework for addressing individual, organizational and interpersonal factors concomitantly. Therefore, the aim of the trial is to examine the effectiveness of an intervention to improve health literacy (building knowledge, competences and structures for communication and action) at both the organizational and individual level and reduce pain among nursing aides. Methods/design The intervention consists of 2 steps: 1) Courses at the workplace for employees and management in order to organize a joint fundament of knowledge and understanding, and a platform for communication and action about pain prevention in the organization. 2) Organizing a fixed 3-weekly structured dialogue between each employee and her/his supervisor, with particular focus on developing specific plans to prevent and reduce pain and its consequences. This enables the workplace to generate knowledge about employee resources and health challenges and to act and convey this knowledge into initiatives at the workplace. Discussion Previous studies to improve health literacy have primarily targeted patients or specific deprived groups in health care or community settings. Recently the idea of the workplace as an arena for improving health literacy has developed emphasizing the organizational responsibility in facilitating and supporting that employees obtain basic knowledge and information needed to understand and take action on individual and occupational health concerns. The literature about workplace health literacy is very limited but points at the importance of educating employees to be able to access, appraise and apply health information and of organizing the infrastructure and communication in the organization. This study suggests a concrete operationalization of health literacy in a workplace setting. Results are expected published in 2016.
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Strickland JR, Eyler AA, Purnell JQ, Kinghorn AM, Herrick C, Evanoff BA. Enhancing workplace wellness efforts to reduce obesity: a qualitative study of low-wage workers in St Louis, Missouri, 2013-2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E67. [PMID: 25950574 PMCID: PMC4436039 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.140405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to examine workplace determinants of obesity and participation in employer-sponsored wellness programs among low-wage workers. METHODS We conducted key informant interviews and focus groups with 2 partner organizations: a health care employer and a union representing retail workers. Interviews and focus groups discussed worksite factors that support or constrain healthy eating and physical activity and barriers that reduce participation in workplace wellness programs. Focus group discussions were transcribed and coded to identify main themes related to healthy eating, physical activity, and workplace factors that affect health. RESULTS Although the union informants recognized the need for workplace wellness programs, very few programs were offered because informants did not know how to reach their widespread and diverse membership. Informants from the health care organization described various programs available to employees but noted several barriers to effective implementation. Workers discussed how their job characteristics contributed to their weight; irregular schedules, shift work, short breaks, physical job demands, and food options at work were among the most commonly discussed contributors to poor eating and exercise behaviors. Workers also described several general factors such as motivation, time, money, and conflicting responsibilities. CONCLUSION The workplace offers unique opportunities for obesity interventions that go beyond traditional approaches. Our results suggest that modifying the physical and social work environment by using participatory or integrated health and safety approaches may improve eating and physical activity behaviors. However, more research is needed about the methods best suited to the needs of low-wage workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime R Strickland
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110.
| | - Amy A Eyler
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason Q Purnell
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anna M Kinghorn
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia Herrick
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Strickland JR, Pizzorno G, Kinghorn AM, Evanoff BA. Worksite influences on obesogenic behaviors in low-wage workers in St Louis, Missouri, 2013-2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E66. [PMID: 25950573 PMCID: PMC4436042 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.140406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than one-third of US adults are obese. Workplace programs to reduce obesity and improve overall health are not available or accessible to all workers, particularly low-wage workers among whom obesity is more prevalent. The goal of the study was to identify modifiable workplace factors and behaviors associated with diet and exercise to inform future workplace interventions to improve health. METHODS We distributed paper and online surveys to 2 groups of low-wage workers, hospital workers and retail sales workers, at the worksites. The surveys assessed obesity, obesogenic behaviors, workplace factors, and worker participation in workplace health programs (WHPs). Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to examine workplace factors associated with obesogenic behaviors. RESULTS A total of 529 surveys were completed (219 hospital workers and 310 retail workers). More than 40% of workers were obese and 27% were overweight. In general, workers had poor diets (frequent consumption of sugary and high-fat foods) and engaged in little physical activity (only 30.9% met recommended physical activity guidelines). Access to and participation in workplace health programs varied greatly between hospital and retail sales workers. We identified several modifiable workplace factors, such as food source and work schedule, that were associated with diet, exercise, or participation in workplace health programs. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the high prevalence of obesity and obesogenic behaviors workers in 2 low-wage groups. The differences between work groups indicated that each group had unique facilitators and barriers to healthy eating and exercise. An understanding of how socioeconomic, demographic, and work-related factors influence health will help to identify high-risk populations for intervention and to design interventions tailored and relevant to the target audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime R Strickland
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110.
| | - Galen Pizzorno
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anna M Kinghorn
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Rasmussen CDN, Larsen AK, Holtermann A, Søgaard K, Jørgensen MB. Adoption of workplaces and reach of employees for a multi-faceted intervention targeting low back pain among nurses' aides. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14:60. [PMID: 24885476 PMCID: PMC4021388 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace adoption and reach of health promotion are important, but generally poorly reported. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the adoption of workplaces (organizational level) and reach of employees (individual level) of a multi-faceted workplace health promotion and work environment intervention targeting low back pain among nurses’ aides in elderly care. Methods Percentage of adopters was calculated among eligible workplaces and differences between adopters and non-adopters were evaluated through workplace registrations and manager questionnaires from all eligible workplaces. From the adopted workplaces reach was calculated among eligible employees as the percentage who responded on a questionnaire. Responders were compared with non-responders using data from company registrations. Among responders, comparisons based on questionnaire data were performed between those consenting to participate in the intervention (consenters) and those not consenting to participate in the intervention (non-consenters). Comparisons were done using Student's t-test for the continuous variables, Fisher's exact test for dichotomous variables and the Pearson’s chi2 for categorical variables. Moreover odds ratios for non-responding and non-consenting were investigated with binary logistic regression analyses. Results The project was adopted by 44% of the offered workplaces. The main differences between adopters and non-adopters were that workplaces adopting the intervention had a more stable organization as well as a management with positive beliefs of the intervention’s potential benefits. Of eligible employees, 71% responded on the questionnaire and 57% consented to participate. Non-responders and non-consenters did not differ from the responders and consenters on demographic factors and health. However, more non-responders and non-consenters were low skilled, worked less than 30 hours pr. week, and worked evening and nightshift compared to responders and consenters, respectively. Consenters had more musculoskeletal pain and reduced self-rated health, as well as higher physical exertion during work compared to non-consenters. Conclusions Our recruitment effort yielded a population of consenters that was representative of the target population of nurses’ aides with respect to demographic factors, and health. Moreover more consenters had problems like pain and high physical exertion during work, which fitted the scope of the intervention. Trial registration The study is registered as ISRCTN78113519.
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Grzywacz JG, Crain AL, Martinson BC, Quandt SA. Job design and ethnic differences in working women's physical activity. Am J Health Behav 2014; 38:63-73. [PMID: 24034681 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.38.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the role job control and schedule control play in shaping women's physical activity, and how it delineates educational and racial variability in associations of job and social control with physical activity. METHODS Prospective data were obtained from a community-based sample of working women (N = 302). Validated instruments measured job control and schedule control. Steps per day were assessed using New Lifestyles 800 activity monitors. RESULTS Greater job control predicted more steps per day, whereas greater schedule control predicted fewer steps. Small indirect associations between ethnicity and physical activity were observed among women with a trade school degree or less but not for women with a college degree. CONCLUSIONS Low job control created barriers to physical activity among working women with a trade school degree or less. Greater schedule control predicted less physical activity, suggesting women do not use time "created" by schedule flexibility for personal health enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Grzywacz
- Center for Family Resilience, Oklahoma State University, Department of Human Development and Family Science, Tulsa, OK, USA.
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Persson R, Cleal B, Jakobsen MØ, Villadsen E, Andersen LL. Help Preferences Among Employees Who Wish to Change Health Behaviors. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2013; 41:376-86. [PMID: 24347147 DOI: 10.1177/1090198113515240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the help preferences of employees in the Danish police who had acknowledged that they wished to change health behaviors. In addition, we explored whether preferences varied with age, gender, chronic health concerns, positive expectations of good health, and past experiences of in-house health promotion services (i.e., wellness service). METHODS Respondents to an electronic questionnaire who acknowledged wishing to change health behaviors in relation to smoking (n = 845), alcohol (n = 684), eating (n = 4,431), and physical activity (n = 5,179) were asked to choose up to three help alternatives on a predefined list. RESULTS In descending order, smokers preferred help from nicotine gum, no help, and help and support from family and friends. Alcohol consumers preferred no help or help and support from family and friends or "other" forms. Employees who wanted to change eating habits preferred a free fruit bowl, free nutritional guidance, and healthy food at work. Employees who wanted to change physical activity patterns preferred exercise at work, offers of free exercise, and exercise in a social/collegial context. CONCLUSION Wishing to change health behaviors is not always accompanied by perceiving a need for assistance. The no-help option was selected fairly frequently and mostly in relation to alcohol and smoking. A fruit bowl was the most preferred option for help, followed by exercise at work and free exercise. Help from traditional health services was ranked low, possibly reflecting that they are primarily viewed as a solution for stopping disease rather than promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Persson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ebbe Villadsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rasmussen CDN, Holtermann A, Mortensen OS, Søgaard K, Jørgensen MB. Prevention of low back pain and its consequences among nurses' aides in elderly care: a stepped-wedge multi-faceted cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1088. [PMID: 24261985 PMCID: PMC4222590 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of low back pain has persisted over the years despite extensive primary prevention initiatives among nurses' aides. Many single-faceted interventions addressing just one aspect of low back pain have been carried out at workplaces, but with low success rate. This may be due to the multi-factorial origin of low back pain. Participatory ergonomics, cognitive behavioral training and physical training have previously shown promising effects on prevention and rehabilitation of low back pain. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to examine whether a multi-faceted workplace intervention consisting of participatory ergonomics, physical training and cognitive behavioral training can prevent low back pain and its consequences among nurses' aides. External resources for the participating workplace and a strong commitment from the management and the organization support the intervention. METHODS/DESIGN To overcome implementation barriers within usual randomized controlled trial designed workplace interventions, this study uses a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial design with 4 groups. The intervention is delivered to the groups at random along four successive time periods three months apart. The intervention lasts three months and integrates participatory ergonomics, physical training and cognitive behavioral training tailored to the target group. Local physiotherapists and occupational therapists conduct the intervention after having received standardized training. Primary outcomes are low back pain and its consequences measured monthly by text messages up to three months after initiation of the intervention. DISCUSSION Intervention effectiveness trials for preventing low back pain and its consequences in workplaces with physically demanding work are few, primarily single-faceted, with strict adherence to a traditional randomized controlled trial design that may hamper implementation and compliance, and have mostly been unsuccessful. By using a stepped wedge design, and obtain high management commitment and support we intend to improve implementation and aim to establish the effectiveness of a multi-faceted intervention to prevent low back pain. This study will potentially provide knowledge of prevention of low back pain and its consequences among nurses' aides. Results are expected to be published in 2015-2016. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered as ISRCTN78113519.
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Jørgensen MB, Villadsen E, Burr H, Mortensen OS, Holtermann A. Does workplace health promotion in Denmark reach relevant target groups? Health Promot Int 2013; 30:318-27. [PMID: 23770769 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dat041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) is available for workers with poor health status (overweight, musculoskeletal disorders, sickness absence and poor self-rated health) or health behaviour (smoking, poor diet and sedentarism) and whether they participate in WHP. In total, 9835 workers responded to questions regarding availability to 6 different types of WHP through The Danish Work Environment Cohort Study in 2010. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, gender and industry were performed to calculate odds ratios for availability and participation of WHP among groups with different health behaviours and health status. In general, poor health behaviours were associated with reduced availability of and participation in WHP. In contrast, poor health status was generally associated with higher availability of WHP and increased participation. However, poor self-rated health was associated with lower availability of several types of WHP and reduced participation. In general, workers with health challenges that are visible to others had WHP available, whereas workers with less visible health challenges had WHP less frequently available. Health challenges visible to others were associated with higher participation in WHP, whereas poor health behaviour and reduced self-rated health were associated with reduced participation in WHP programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Birk Jørgensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Villadsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Steen Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Occupational Medicine, Køge Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Grossmeier J. The Influence of Worksite and Employee Variables on Employee Engagement in Telephonic Health Coaching Programs: A Retrospective Multivariate Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2013; 27:e69-80. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.100615-quan-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. This study assessed 11 determinants of health coaching program participation. Design. A cross-sectional study design used secondary data to assess the role of six employee-level and five worksite-level variables on telephone-based coaching enrollment, active participation, and completion. Setting. Data was provided by a national provider of worksite health promotion program services for employers. Subjects. A random sample of 34,291 employees from 52 companies was selected for inclusion in the study. Measures. Survey-based measures included age, gender, job type, health risk status, tobacco risk, social support, financial incentives, comprehensive communications, senior leadership support, cultural support, and comprehensive program design. Analysis. Gender-stratified multivariate logistic regression models were applied using backwards elimination procedures to yield parsimonious prediction models for each of the dependent variables. Results. Employees were more likely to enroll in coaching programs if they were older, female, and in poorer health, and if they were at worksites with fewer environmental supports for health, clear financial incentives for participation in coaching, more comprehensive communications, and more comprehensive programs. Once employees were enrolled, program completion was greater among those who were older, did not use tobacco, worked at a company with strong communications, and had fewer environmental supports for health. Conclusion. Both worksite-level and employee-level factors have significant influences on health coaching engagement, and there are gender differences in the strength of these predictors.
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Aittasalo M, Rinne M, Pasanen M, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Vasankari T. Promoting walking among office employees - evaluation of a randomized controlled intervention with pedometers and e-mail messages. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:403. [PMID: 22672576 PMCID: PMC3444317 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to evaluate a 6-month intervention to promote office-employees' walking with pedometers and e-mail messages. METHODS Participants were recruited by 10 occupational health care units (OHC) from 20 worksites with 2,230 employees. Voluntary and insufficiently physically active employees (N = 241) were randomized to a pedometer (STEP, N = 123) and a comparison group (COMP, N = 118). STEP included one group meeting, log-monitored pedometer-use and six e-mail messages from OHC. COMP participated in data collection. Reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance (RE-AIM) and costs were assessed with questionnaires (0, 2, 6, 12 months), process evaluation and interviews (12 months). RESULTS The intervention reached 29% (N = 646) of employees in terms of participation willingness. Logistic regression showed that the proportion of walkers tended to increase more in STEP than in COMP at 2 months in "walking for transportation" (Odds ratio 2.12, 95%CI 0.94 to 4.81) and at 6 months in "walking for leisure" (1.86, 95%CI 0.94 to 3.69). Linear model revealed a modest increase in the mean duration of "walking stairs" at 2 and 6 months (Geometric mean ratio 1.26, 95%CI 0.98 to 1.61; 1.27, 0.98 to 1.64). Adoption and implementation succeeded as intended. At 12 months, some traces of the intervention were sustained in 15 worksites, and a slightly higher number of walkers in STEP in comparison with COMP was observed in "walking stairs" (OR 2.24, 95%CI 0.94 to 5.31) and in "walking for leisure" (2.07, 95%CI 0.99 to 4.34). The direct costs of the intervention were 43 Euros per participant. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate only modest impact on some indicators of walking. Future studies should invest in reaching the employees, minimizing attrition rate and using objective walking assessment. TRIAL REGISTERATION: ISRCTN79432107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Aittasalo
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marjo Rinne
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Pasanen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
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Jørgensen MB, Faber A, Hansen JV, Holtermann A, Søgaard K. Effects on musculoskeletal pain, work ability and sickness absence in a 1-year randomised controlled trial among cleaners. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:840. [PMID: 22044549 PMCID: PMC3221640 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only a few workplace initiatives among cleaners have been reported, even though they constitute a job group in great need of health promotion. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effect of either physical coordination training or cognitive behavioural training on musculoskeletal pain, work ability and sickness absence among cleaners. Methods A cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted among 294 female cleaners allocated to either physical coordination training (PCT), cognitive behavioural training (CBTr) or a reference group (REF). Questionnaires about musculoskeletal pain and work ability were completed at baseline and after one year's intervention. Sickness absence data were obtained from the managers' records. Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat-principle (ITT). Results No overall reduction in musculoskeletal pain, work ability or sickness absence from either PCT or CBTr compared with REF was found in conservative ITT analyses. However, explorative analyses revealed a treatment effect for musculoskeletal pain of the PCT. People with chronic neck/shoulder pain at baseline were more frequently non-chronic at follow-up after PCT compared with REF (p = 0.05). Conclusions The PCT intervention appeared effective for reducing chronic neck/shoulder pain among the female cleaners. It is recommended that future interventions among similar high-risk job groups focus on the implementation aspects of the interventions to maximise outcomes more distal from the intervention such as work ability and sickness absence. Trial registration ISRCTN: ISRCTN96241850
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B Jørgensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sorensen G, Landsbergis P, Hammer L, Amick BC, Linnan L, Yancey A, Welch LS, Goetzel RZ, Flannery KM, Pratt C. Preventing chronic disease in the workplace: a workshop report and recommendations. Am J Public Health 2011; 101 Suppl 1:S196-207. [PMID: 21778485 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2010.300075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Risk factors and work conditions can be addressed through health promotion aimed at improving individual health behaviors; health protection, including occupational safety and health interventions; and efforts to support the work-family interface. Responding to the need to address chronic disease at worksites, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a workshop to identify research priorities to advance knowledge and implementation of effective strategies to reduce chronic disease risk. Workshop participants outlined a conceptual framework and corresponding research agenda to address chronic disease prevention by integrating health promotion and health protection in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Harvard School of Public Health and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Healthcare workers' participation in a healthy-lifestyle-promotion project in western Sweden. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:448. [PMID: 21651762 PMCID: PMC3118251 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals play a central role in health promotion and lifestyle information towards patients as well as towards the general population, and it has been shown that own lifestyle habits can influence attitudes and counselling practice towards patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the participation of healthcare workers (HCWs) in a worksite health promotion (WHP) programme. We also aimed to find out whether HCWs with poorer lifestyle-related health engage in health-promotion activities to a larger extent than employees reporting healthier lifestyles. METHOD A biennial questionnaire survey was used in this study, and it was originally posted to employees in the public healthcare sector in western Sweden, one year before the onset of the WHP programme. The response rate was 61% (n = 3207). In the four-year follow-up, a question regarding participation in a three-year-long WHP programme was included, and those responding to this question were included in the final analysis (n = 1859). The WHP programme used a broad all-inclusive approach, relying on the individual's decision to participate in activities related to four different themes: physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and happiness/enjoyment. RESULTS The participation rate was around 21%, the most popular theme being physical activity. Indicators of lifestyle-related health/behaviour for each theme were used, and regression analysis showed that individuals who were sedentary prior to the programme were less likely to participate in the programme's physical activities than the more active individuals. Participation in the other three themes was not significantly predicted by the indicators of the lifestyle-related health, (body mass index, sleep disturbances, or depressive mood). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that HCWs are not more prone to participate in WHP programmes compared to what has been reported for other working populations, and despite a supposedly good knowledge of health-related issues, HCWs reporting relatively unfavourable lifestyles are not more motivated to participate. As HCWs are key actors in promoting healthy lifestyles to other groups (such as patients), it is of utmost importance to find strategies to engage this professional group in activities that promote their own health.
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Jung J, Nitzsche A, Ernstmann N, Driller E, Wasem J, Stieler-Lorenz B, Pfaff H. The Relationship Between Perceived Social Capital and the Health Promotion Willingness of Companies. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 53:318-23. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31820d103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Back Care Programmes: The Low Participation of Target Groups and Unclear Effectiveness as Primary Prevention. HUMAN MOVEMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/v10038-011-0010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Does workplace social capital buffer the effects of job stress? A cross-sectional, multilevel analysis of cigarette smoking among U.S. manufacturing workers. J Occup Environ Med 2010; 52:740-50. [PMID: 20595910 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181e80842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether workplace social capital buffers the association between job stress and smoking status. METHODS As part of the Harvard Cancer Prevention Project's Healthy Directions--Small Business Study, interviewer-administered questionnaires were completed by 1740 workers and 288 managers in 26 manufacturing firms (84% and 85% response). Social capital was assessed by multiple items measured at the individual level among workers and contextual level among managers. Job stress was operationalized by the demand-control model. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate associations between job stressors and smoking and test for effect modification by social capital measures. RESULTS Workplace social capital (both summary measures) buffered associations between high job demands and smoking. One compositional item--worker trust in managers--buffered associations between job strain and smoking. CONCLUSION Workplace social capital may modify the effects of psychosocial working conditions on health behaviors.
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Jung J, Nitzsche A, Neumann M, Wirtz M, Kowalski C, Wasem J, Stieler-Lorenz B, Pfaff H. The Worksite Health Promotion Capacity Instrument (WHPCI): development, validation and approaches for determining companies' levels of health promotion capacity. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:550. [PMID: 20831838 PMCID: PMC2949769 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Worksite Health Promotion Capacity Instrument (WHPCI) was developed to assess two key factors for effective worksite health promotion: collective willingness and the systematic implementation of health promotion activities in companies. This study evaluates the diagnostic qualities of the WHPCI based on its subscales Health Promotion Willingness and Health Promotion Management, which can be used to place companies into four different categories based on their level of health promotion capacity. Methods Psychometric evaluation was conducted using exploratory factor and reliability analyses with data taken from a random sample of managers from n = 522 German information and communication technology (ICT) companies. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to determine further diagnostic qualities of the instrument and to establish the cut-off scores used to determine each company's level of health promotion capacity. Results The instrument's subscales, Health Promotion Willingness and Health Promotion Management, are based on one-dimensional constructs, each with very good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83/0.91). ROC analyses demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 (SE = 0.021; 95% CI 0.72-0.80) for the Health Promotion Willingness scale and 0.81 (SE = 0.021; 95% CI 0.77-0.86) for the Health Promotion Management scale. A cut-off score with good sensitivity (71%/76%) and specificity (69%/75%) was determined for each scale. Both scales were found to have good predictive power and exhibited good efficiency. Conclusions Our findings indicate preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of both subscales of the WHPCI. The goodness of each cut-off score suggests that the scales are appropriate for determining companies' levels of health promotion capacity. Support in implementing (systematic) worksite health promotion can then be tailored to each company's needs based on their current capacity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jung
- Institute for Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), Faculty of Human Sciences and Medical Faculty, University of Cologne & Centre for Health Services Research Cologne (ZVFK), Cologne, Germany.
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Sorensen G, Stoddard A, Quintiliani L, Ebbeling C, Nagler E, Yang M, Pereira L, Wallace L. Tobacco use cessation and weight management among motor freight workers: results of the gear up for health study. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:2113-22. [PMID: 20725775 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present the results of a study of a worksite-based intervention to promote tobacco use cessation and improve weight management among motor freight workers. METHODS This study used a pre-test/post-test, non-randomized design to assess the effectiveness of a four-month intervention that addressed the social context of the work setting. We evaluated 7-day tobacco quit prevalence among baseline tobacco users, and successful weight management, defined as no weight gain in workers with BMI <25 at baseline and any weight loss among overweight and obese workers. RESULTS At baseline, 40% were current tobacco users, and 88% had a BMI of 25 or greater. Of 542 workers invited to participate, 227 agreed to participate and received at least the first telephone call (42%). Ten-month post-baseline, baseline tobacco users who participated in the intervention were more likely to have quit using tobacco than non-participants: 23.8% vs. 9.1% (p = 0.02). There was no significant improvement in weight management. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating work experiences and job conditions into messages of health behavior change resulted in significant tobacco use cessation among participating motor freight workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Faber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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McElligott D, Leask Capitulo K, Morris DL, Click ER. The Effect of a Holistic Program on Health-Promoting Behaviors in Hospital Registered Nurses. J Holist Nurs 2010; 28:175-83; quiz 185. [DOI: 10.1177/0898010110368860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of a holistic program, the Collaborative Care Model (CCM) Program, and the development of a self-care plan on health-promoting behaviors in hospital nurses. Design: A quasi-experimental, pretest, posttest, repeated measure, comparison-group design was used. Method: The study was conducted in a large, academic medical center in the northeast. The experimental group included registered nurses (RNs) from units in one institution introduced to the CCM and development of a self-care plan in an 8-hour program. The control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II instrument (HPLP II); a 52-question Likert-type scale with six subscales examining health-promoting behaviors. Findings: Using repeated measures analysis of variance there was a significant increase ( p = .02) in the overall HPLP II mean, spirituality ( p = .04), interpersonal relations ( p = .04), and nutrition scores ( p = .04) of the experimental group as compared over time with the control group. Conclusions: The CCM plus the development of a self-care plan significantly increased overall health promoting behaviors, and spirituality, interpersonal relations, and nutrition scores in these RNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah McElligott
- Advanced Practice Nurses and the Office of Complementary and Alternative Medicine at North Shore University Hospital, part of the NS-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY,
| | - Kathleen Leask Capitulo
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY; CASE Western University, Cleveland, OH; Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Diana Lynn Morris
- University Center on Aging & Health, Gerontological Nursing at Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, American Academy of Nursing and the Gerontological Society of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Click
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH
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Determinants of employee participation in workplace health promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1108/17538351011055005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jørgensen MB, Rasmussen CDN, Ekner D, Søgaard K. Successful reach and adoption of a workplace health promotion RCT targeting a group of high-risk workers. BMC Med Res Methodol 2010; 10:56. [PMID: 20546592 PMCID: PMC2895606 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-10-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleaners are rarely introduced to workplace health promotion programs. The study's objective was to evaluate the reach and adoption of a workplace randomized controlled trial (RCT) among cleaners in Denmark. Methods Cleaning businesses with at least 30 employees, that could offer a weekly 1-hour intervention during working hours, were invited to participate. Employees working at least 20 hours/week were invited to answer a screening questionnaire and consent to participate. Analyses determined the differences in health variables between responders and non-responders, consenters and non-consenters, participants and non-participants and between participants of the RCT's three groups: physical coordination training, cognitive-behavioural theory-based training and reference group. Results From 16 eligible workplaces, a representative sample of 50% adopted the trial. Of 758 eligible employees, 78% responded to the screening questionnaire and 49% consented to participate. Consenters and participants differed from non-consenters and non-participants by having higher BMI, more chronic diseases and poorer musculoskeletal health. Conclusions This study indicates that workplace health promotion programs directed at health risk factors among cleaners enable significant adoption and reach to a high-risk subgroup of the Danish workforce. Trial registration Trial registration ISRCTN96241850
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B Jørgensen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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The role of tailored consultation following health-risk appraisals in employees' health behavior. J Occup Environ Med 2009; 50:1378-85. [PMID: 19092493 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181862471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates employees' health and lifestyle changes following health risk appraisal only and health risk appraisal with a consultation (HRAC) based on the constructs of Transtheoretical model (TTM). METHODS Sixty employees self-selected to an HRAC or health risk appraisal only, implemented in 6-month interval. Demographics, lifestyle behavior, and stage of change (SOC) assessments based on TTM along with weight, height, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol were measured. RESULTS Second health risk appraisal showed improvements in nutrition, fitness, and overall health in both groups (P < 0.05). Significant improvements were found between HRAC group and their SOC for exercise, nutrition, and overall lifestyle. Also, group differences in SOC for exercise, amount of snack food, fruits and vegetables consumed, and physical activity (P < 0.05) were significant. CONCLUSION HRAC based on TTM constructs is effective in promoting behavior change in high-risk employees.
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MassBuilt: effectiveness of an apprenticeship site-based smoking cessation intervention for unionized building trades workers. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20:887-94. [PMID: 19301135 PMCID: PMC2694320 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Blue-collar workers are difficult to reach and less likely to successfully quit smoking. The objective of this study was to test a training site-based smoking cessation intervention. Methods This study is a randomized-controlled trial of a smoking cessation intervention that integrated occupational health concerns and was delivered in collaboration with unions to apprentices at 10 sites (n = 1,213). We evaluated smoking cessation at 1 and 6 months post-intervention. Results The baseline prevalence of smoking was 41%. We observed significantly higher quit rates in the intervention versus control group (26% vs. 16.8%; p = 0.014) 1 month after the intervention. However, the effects diminished over time so that the difference in quit rate was not significant at 6 month post-intervention (9% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.48). Intervention group members nevertheless reported a significant decrease in smoking intensity (OR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.55–6.31) at 6 months post-intervention, compared to controls. Conclusion The study demonstrates the feasibility of delivering an intervention through union apprentice programs. Furthermore, the notably better 1-month quit rate results among intervention members and the greater decrease in smoking intensity among intervention members who continued to smoke underscore the need to develop strategies to help reduce relapse among blue-collar workers who quit smoking.
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Work Health Promotion, Job Well-Being, and Sickness Absences—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Occup Environ Med 2008; 50:1216-27. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31818dbf92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kenny GP, Yardley JE, Martineau L, Jay O. Physical work capacity in older adults: implications for the aging worker. Am J Ind Med 2008; 51:610-25. [PMID: 18543279 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many developed countries, the workforce is rapidly aging. Occupational demands however, have not decreased despite the fact that workers see a decline in physical work capacity with age. The purpose of this review is to examine the physiological adaptations to aging, the impact of aging on performance and the benefits of physical fitness in improving functional work capacity in aging individuals. METHODS An extensive search of the scientific literature was performed, acquiring published articles which examined the physiological changes associated with age-related decrements in the physical work capacity of healthy aging adults. The databases accessed included AARP Ageline, AccessScience, Annual Reviews, CISTI, Cochrane Library, Clinical Evidence, Digital Dissertations (Proquest), Embase, HealthSTAR, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and PASCAL and included relevant information sites obtained on the world wide web. RESULTS While a great deal of variation exists, an average decline of 20% in physical work capacity has been reported between the ages of 40 and 60 years, due to decreases in aerobic and musculoskeletal capacity. These declines can contribute to decreased work capacity, and consequential increases in work-related injuries and illness. However, differences in habitual physical activity will greatly influence the variability seen in individual physical work capacity and its components. Well-organized, management-supported, work-site health interventions encouraging physical activity during work hours could potentially decrease the incidence of age-related injury and illness. CONCLUSIONS Age-associated functional declines and the accompanying risk of work-related injury can be prevented or at least delayed by the practice of regular physical activity. Older workers could optimally pursue their careers until retirement if they continuously maintain their physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen P Kenny
- Center for Human and Environmental Physiology Research, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Association Between Nine Quality Components and Superior Worksite Health Management Program Results. J Occup Environ Med 2008; 50:633-41. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31817e7c1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The effects of workplace flexibility on health behaviors: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. J Occup Environ Med 2008; 49:1302-9. [PMID: 18231077 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31815ae9bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between workplace flexibility and health behaviors, and estimate the potential importance of flexibility for effective worksite health promotion programs. METHOD Cross-sectional and longitudinal health risk appraisal data were obtained from US based employees of a multinational pharmaceutical company (n = 3193). Examined health behaviors were hours of sleep, physical activity frequency, health education seminar attendance, frequency of practicing personal resilience techniques, and self-appraised lifestyle. Self-reported flexibility in the workplace was the primary independent variable. RESULTS Each health behavior, except regular attendance in health education seminars, was positively related to perceived flexibility in cross-sectional analyses. Sleep and self-appraised lifestyle were significantly related to changes in perceived flexibility over time. CONCLUSIONS Workplace flexibility may contribute to positive lifestyle behaviors, and may play an important role in effective worksite health promotion programs.
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