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Zhu Z, Wang Y, Han J, Li Y. Associations of Pap test utilisation with comorbidity and functional impairment among middle-aged non-Hispanic black women in the USA: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2018 BRFSS data. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076247. [PMID: 39053959 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited evidence exists on the association of Pap test utilisation with comorbidity and functional impairment among middle-aged non-Hispanic black (NHB) women in the USA. We aimed to assess whether middle-aged NHB women with a higher burden of comorbidity and functional impairment have a lower rate of Pap test utilisation. DESIGN Nationwide cross-sectional survey in the USA. SETTING 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. PARTICIPANTS 6359 middle-aged NHB women. EXPOSURES AND OUTCOME The primary exposures were comorbidity and functional impairment. The outcome of interest was whether a woman reported having a Pap test in the last 3 years. DATA ANALYSIS We fit unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression models to calculate ORs and 95% CI for comorbidity and functional impairment. Sensitivity analysis was restricted to women without a history of hysterectomy or cancer. We added interaction terms between exposures and age, as well as lifestyle indicators. RESULTS Of the 6359 women, 4141 (65.1%) had comorbidity and 2429 (38.2%) had functional impairment. Middle-aged NHB women with comorbidity (≥2 vs 0, aOR=0.72, 95% CI=0.61 to 0.85, p trend<0.01) or functional impairment (≥2 vs 0, aOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.57 to 0.83, p trend<0.01) had a lower rate of Pap test utilisation compared with healthier counterparts, regardless of histories of hysterectomy and prior cancer. The analyses for age and lifestyle indicators subgroup difference indicated no statistically significant effect (p interaction>0.05). However, the magnitude of these associations was stronger among women with adverse lifestyle factors (eg, comorbidity ≥2 v.s. 0, aOR=0.53, 95% CI=0.40, to 0.71; functional impairment ≥2 v.s. 0, aOR=0.35, 95% CI=0.16, to 0.72 among binge drinkers). CONCLUSION Comorbidity or functional impairment could be a potential barrier to Pap test utilisation among middle-aged NHB women in the USA. Our study highlights the importance of implementing targeted intervention programmes and prioritised health resource allocation to promote Pap test utilisation. Cohort studies with clear temporality and indicators reflecting disease severity will be essential for further understanding this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefei Han
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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McBride KA, O'Fee A, Hogan S, Stewart E, Madeley C, Wilkes J, Wylie E, White A, Hickey M, Stone J. Co-design of an intervention to optimize mammographic screening participation in women with obesity and/or physical disabilities. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:951-963. [PMID: 38657389 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammographic breast screening/rescreening rates are suboptimal for women with obesity and/or physical disabilities. This study describes development of an intervention framework targeting obesity- and disability-related barriers to improve participation. METHODS Mixed methods combined a systematic review with first-person perspectives to optimise screening engagement among women with obesity and/or physical disabilities. Phase 1 (systematic review) was conducted following the PRISMA framework. Phase 2 involved in-depth interviews with n = 8 women with lived experience of obesity and/or physical disabilities. An inductive coding approach was applied to the data which was then combined with Phase 1 results to develop the intervention framework. RESULTS Six studies were included in the systematic review. Tailored education based on individual risk increased willingness to undergo mammographic screening. Recommendations to improve the screening experience included partnerships with consumers, targeted messaging, and enhanced professional development for breast screening staff. Participants also identified strategies to improve the uptake of screening and the experience itself. CONCLUSION Development and evaluation of interventions informed by frameworks like the one developed in this study are needed to improve engagement in screening to promote regular participation among women with physical disabilities and/or obesity. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Successful implementation of practice interventions co-designed by women with obesity and/or physical disabilities are likely to improve their breast screening participation. Enhanced training of radiographers aimed at upskilling in empathetic communication around required manoeuvring and potentially longer screening times for clients with obesity and/or physical disabilities may encourage more positive client practitioner interactions. Client information aimed at women with obesity should include information on how to prepare for the appointment and explain there may be equipment limitations compromising imaging which may not be completed at an initial appointment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A McBride
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
| | - A O'Fee
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - S Hogan
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - E Stewart
- BreastScreen Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C Madeley
- BreastScreen Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Women and Newborn Health Service, King Edward Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J Wilkes
- BreastScreen Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Women and Newborn Health Service, King Edward Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - E Wylie
- BreastScreen Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Women and Newborn Health Service, King Edward Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A White
- Australian Breast Density Consumer Advisory Council, Australia
| | - M Hickey
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Stone
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Kuper H, Andiwijaya FR, Rotenberg S, Yip JLY. Principles for Service Delivery: Best Practices for Cervical Screening for Women with Disabilities. Int J Womens Health 2024; 16:679-692. [PMID: 38650833 PMCID: PMC11034568 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s428144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer screening is an important public health priority, yet many marginalized groups are not reached by existing programs. The nearly 700 million women with disabilities globally face substantial barriers in accessing cervical cancer screening and have lower coverage, yet there is limited evidence on what would support enhanced uptake among this population. Methods We updated a systematic review to estimate the disparity in screening uptake for women with disabilities. We conducted a scoping review to understand key barriers and the inclusion of disability in existing screening policies and possible solutions to improve screening uptakes amongst women with disabilities. We then formulated key principles for improved service delivery for this group, targeted predominantly at clinicians. Results Our updated review identified an additional five new studies, and confirmed that women with disabilities were less likely to be screened for cervical cancer (RR=0.65, 0.50-0.84). Disability-specific barriers to accessing screening pertained to: (1) knowledge and autonomy; (2) logistics; and (3) stigma and fear. Few guidelines included specific considerations for women with disabilities. Our scoping review showed that improving access to care must focus on improving (1) autonomy, awareness, and affordability; (2) human resources; and (3) health facility accessibility. Conclusion Screening programmes and health providers must ensure women with disabilities are included in cervical cancer screening programmes and thereby help to achieve their right to health and eliminate cervical cancer as a public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fahrin Ramadan Andiwijaya
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Airlangga University/ Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sara Rotenberg
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jennifer L Y Yip
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
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Zheng F, Wang K. The impact of social media on guideline-concordant cervical cancer-screening: insights from a national survey. Public Health 2023; 223:50-56. [PMID: 37598576 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women, yet routine screenings lead to early detection and sometimes even prevention. Screening is an effective way to prevent cervical cancer, and it has been implemented in many countries and regions worldwide, especially in developed countries. However, the incidence of cervical cancer remains a public health problem due to screening disparities in the population. Social media engagement and overloading of online health information may be the cause of this disparity. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (a national survey conducted by the National Cancer Institute) was used to characterise cervical cancer screening into two dimensions; namely, high-frequency screening and guideline-concordant screening. The differences between these two screening frequency behaviours were compared by applying ordered logistic regression and binary logistic regression, and the mechanisms of guideline-concordant screening were explored. RESULTS The factors influencing high-frequency screening and guideline-concordant screening were different. Only self-efficacy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98, 1.37) had a significant positive association with the high-frequency screening behaviour. Social media engagement (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.33, 0.96) was shown to have a significant negative impact on guideline-concordant screening. A theory-based mechanism of screening behaviour found that traditional health perception factors no longer influence guideline-concordant screening behaviour, whereas environmental factors (e.g., social media) significantly reduce guideline-concordant screening behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study indicate that while the internet has become the main channel through which women acquire health resources, and social media has become a main platform for people to obtain health information, online information cannot guide people to engage in appropriate healthy behaviours. Overloading of online health information and the digital divide may lead to excessive screening. Consequently, it is important to address the screening disparity caused by health behaviours as a result of environmental factors and the digital divide.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zheng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - K Wang
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HK SAR, China.
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Islam KF, Awal A, Mazumder H, Munni UR, Majumder K, Afroz K, Tabassum MN, Hossain MM. Social cognitive theory-based health promotion in primary care practice: A scoping review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14889. [PMID: 37025832 PMCID: PMC10070720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Using a theoretical perspective to guide research design and implementation can result in a coherent preventative intervention model. Among theoretical frameworks, Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is particularly useful for studies focused on behavior change in health promotion research. Objective This scoping review explored and summarized the current evidence on health promotion interventions that integrated constructs of Social Cognitive Theory and the outcome of those interventions in primary care settings. Method ology: We conducted this scoping review using the PRISMA scoping review guidelines; we reviewed articles from five electronic databases and additional sources that were peer-reviewed journal articles reporting interventions applying SCT constructs and synthesized the outcomes following the interventions. Results Among 849 retrieved from multiple sources, 39 articles met our eligibility criteria. Most studies (n = 19) were conducted in the United States. Twenty-six studies followed a randomized control trial design. Most studies (n = 26) recruited participants utilizing the primary care network. All 39 studies mentioned "self-efficacy" as the most utilized construct of SCT to determine how behavior change operates, followed by "observational learning" through role models. Twenty-three studies integrated individual (face-to-face) or peered group-based counseling-training programs; eight interventions used telephonic health coaching by a specialist; eight studies used audio-visual mediums. All included studies reported positive health outcomes following the intervention, including increased self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, increased Knowledge of dietary intake, high-risk behaviors such as STIs transmission, adapting to a healthy lifestyle, and adherence to post-transplant medication. Conclusion Current evidence suggests that SCT-based interventions positively impact health outcomes and intervention effectiveness. The results of this study indicate the importance of incorporating and assessing several conceptual structures of behavioral theories when planning any primary care health promotion practice.
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Staley H, Shiraz A, Shreeve N, Bryant A, Martin-Hirsch PP, Gajjar K. Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 9:CD002834. [PMID: 34694000 PMCID: PMC8543674 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002834.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an update of the Cochrane review published in Issue 5, 2011. Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth commonest cancer affecting women. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is causative in 99.7% of cases. Other risk factors include smoking, multiple sexual partners, the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases and immunosuppression. Primary prevention strategies for cervical cancer focus on reducing HPV infection via vaccination and data suggest that this has the potential to prevent nearly 90% of cases in those vaccinated prior to HPV exposure. However, not all countries can afford vaccination programmes and, worryingly, uptake in many countries has been extremely poor. Secondary prevention, through screening programmes, will remain critical to reducing cervical cancer, especially in unvaccinated women or those vaccinated later in adolescence. This includes screening for the detection of pre-cancerous cells, as well as high-risk HPV. In the UK, since the introduction of the Cervical Screening Programme in 1988, the associated mortality rate from cervical cancer has fallen. However, worldwide, there is great variation between countries in both coverage and uptake of screening. In some countries, national screening programmes are available whereas in others, screening is provided on an opportunistic basis. Additionally, there are differences within countries in uptake dependent on ethnic origin, age, education and socioeconomic status. Thus, understanding and incorporating these factors in screening programmes can increase the uptake of screening. This, together with vaccination, can lead to cervical cancer becoming a rare disease. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at women, to increase the uptake, including informed uptake, of cervical screening. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Issue 6, 2020. MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS databases up to June 2020. We also searched registers of clinical trials, abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of included studies and contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to increase uptake/informed uptake of cervical screening. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Where possible, the data were synthesised in a meta-analysis using standard Cochrane methodology. MAIN RESULTS Comprehensive literature searches identified 2597 records; of these, 70 met our inclusion criteria, of which 69 trials (257,899 participants) were entered into a meta-analysis. The studies assessed the effectiveness of invitational and educational interventions, lay health worker involvement, counselling and risk factor assessment. Clinical and statistical heterogeneity between trials limited statistical pooling of data. Overall, there was moderate-certainty evidence to suggest that invitations appear to be an effective method of increasing uptake compared to control (risk ratio (RR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49 to 1.96; 141,391 participants; 24 studies). Additional analyses, ranging from low to moderate-certainty evidence, suggested that invitations that were personalised, i.e. personal invitation, GP invitation letter or letter with a fixed appointment, appeared to be more successful. More specifically, there was very low-certainty evidence to support the use of GP invitation letters as compared to other authority sources' invitation letters within two RCTs, one RCT assessing 86 participants (RR 1.69 95% CI 0.75 to 3.82) and another, showing a modest benefit, included over 4000 participants (RR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.05 to 1.21). Low-certainty evidence favoured personalised invitations (telephone call, face-to-face or targeted letters) as compared to standard invitation letters (RR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.11 to 1.21; 27,663 participants; 5 studies). There was moderate-certainty evidence to support a letter with a fixed appointment to attend, as compared to a letter with an open invitation to make an appointment (RR 1.61, 95 % CI 1.48 to 1.75; 5742 participants; 5 studies). Low-certainty evidence supported the use of educational materials (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.54; 63,415 participants; 13 studies) and lay health worker involvement (RR 2.30, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.65; 4330 participants; 11 studies). Other less widely reported interventions included counselling, risk factor assessment, access to a health promotion nurse, photo comic book, intensive recruitment and message framing. It was difficult to deduce any meaningful conclusions from these interventions due to sparse data and low-certainty evidence. However, having access to a health promotion nurse and attempts at intensive recruitment may have increased uptake. One trial reported an economic outcome and randomised 3124 participants within a national screening programme to either receive the standard screening invitation, which would incur a fee, or an invitation offering screening free of charge. No difference in the uptake at 90 days was found (574/1562 intervention versus 612/1562 control, (RR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.03). The use of HPV self-testing as an alternative to conventional screening may also be effective at increasing uptake and this will be covered in a subsequent review. Secondary outcomes, including cost data, were incompletely documented. The majority of cluster-RCTs did not account for clustering or adequately report the number of clusters in the trial in order to estimate the design effect, so we did not selectively adjust the trials. It is unlikely that reporting of these trials would impact the overall conclusions and robustness of the results. Of the meta-analyses that could be performed, there was considerable statistical heterogeneity, and this should be borne in mind when interpreting these findings. Given this and the low to moderate evidence, further research may change these findings. The risk of bias in the majority of trials was unclear, and a number of trials suffered from methodological problems and inadequate reporting. We downgraded the certainty of evidence because of an unclear or high risk of bias with regards to allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data and other biases. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is moderate-certainty evidence to support the use of invitation letters to increase the uptake of cervical screening. Low-certainty evidence showed lay health worker involvement amongst ethnic minority populations may increase screening coverage, and there was also support for educational interventions, but it is unclear what format is most effective. The majority of the studies were from developed countries and so the relevance of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is unclear. Overall, the low-certainty evidence that was identified makes it difficult to infer as to which interventions were best, with exception of invitational interventions, where there appeared to be more reliable evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Staley
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Norman Shreeve
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge Clinical School, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Bryant
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Pierre Pl Martin-Hirsch
- Gynaecological Oncology Unit, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Ketankumar Gajjar
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, 1st Floor Maternity Unit, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
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Dsouza JP, Van den Broucke S, Pattanshetty S, Dhoore W. The application of health behavior theories to promote cervical cancer screening uptake. Public Health Nurs 2021; 38:1039-1079. [PMID: 34231254 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality, its progress and survival rate can be improved through screening. Yet despite their wide availability, women's participation in cervical cancer screening (CCS) programs is often suboptimal, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Besides demographic and organizational characteristics, screening uptake is influenced by psychological factors, most of which are included in health behavior theories. This systematic review compared different health behavior theories in terms of their capacity to explain CCS uptake and inform CCS promotion campaigns. METHODS A comprehensive search and analysis of published intervention and non-intervention (observational) studies that applied at least one health behavior theory to CCS participation. RESULTS After quality screening, 48 observational and 21 intervention studies were identified that applied the Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Transtheoretical model (TTM), Social-ecological Model (SEM), and/or Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI) to CCS. The HBM was most frequently used to explain behavior, whereas the TPB was better at explaining screening intentions. Tailored intervention studies focusing on all theoretical constructs were most effective in modifying perceptions and increasing CCS uptake. CONCLUSIONS Despite their inconsistent use, health behavior theories can explain CCS intentions and behavior and contribute to the development of targeted interventions to promote screening uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Van den Broucke
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Sanjay Pattanshetty
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - William Dhoore
- Faculty of Public Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Simbar M, Rashidi Fakari F, Ghasemi V. Effects of Model-Based Interventions on Breast Cancer Screening Behavior of Women: a Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2031-2041. [PMID: 30139040 PMCID: PMC6171373 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a great concern for women’s health; early detection can play a key role in reducing associated morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the effectiveness of model-based interventions for breast cancer screening behavior of women. Methods: We searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane library and Google scholar search engines for systematic reviews, clinical trials, pre- and post-test or quasi-experimental studies (with limits to publication dates from 2000-2017), Keywords were: breast cancer, screening, systematic review, trials, and health model. In this review, qualitative analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of data. Results: Thirty six articles with 17,770 female participants were included in this review. The Health belief model was used in twenty three articles as the basis for intervention. Two articles used both the Health belief model and the Health Promotion Model, 5 articles used Health belief model and The Trans theoretical Model, 2 used Hthe ealth belief model and Theory planned behavior, 2 used the Health belief model and the Trans theoretical Model, 2 used the Trans theoretical Model, 1 used social cognitive theory, and 1 used Systematic Comprehensive Health Education and Promotion Model. The results showed that model-based educational interventions are more effective for BSE and CBE and mammography screening behavior of women compare to no model based intervention. The Health belief model was the most popular model for promoting breast cancer screening behavior. Conclusions: Educational model-based interventions promote self-care and create a foundation for improving breast cancer screening behavior of women and increase policy makers’ awareness and efforts towards its enhancement breast cancer screening behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Student Research committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Kariman N, Ebadi A, Ozgoli G, Ghasemi V, Rashidi Fakari F. Educational Interventions for Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior of Women: A Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:875-884. [PMID: 29693331 PMCID: PMC6031778 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide; early detection can play a key role in reducing the associated morbidity. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the effects of educational interventions on cervical cancer screening (CCS) behavior of women. Methods: In this review the Cochrane library, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus and search engine of Google scholar were searched for all interventional studies (trails, pre- and post-test or quasi-experimental) published in 2000-2017 for a systematic review, The search was based on the following keywords: cervix cancer, uterine cervical neoplasms, screening, prevention and control, Papanicolaou Test, pap test, pap smear, education, intervention, systematic review. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, a qualitative analysis was performed. Results: Thirty seven articles with 15,658 female participants in different parts of world were included in the review. About three quarters of the articles covered behavior change interventions. About one fourth of the articles were based on health education methods. The heath belief model is the most popular used framework for cervical cancer screening interventions. The results of our study showed that different health education methods (such as calls, mailed postcards, mother/daughter education. consultation sessions, picture books, videos, PowerPoint slides, small group discussions, educational brochures, radio broadcast education, lecture presentations, tailored counseling and a fact sheet, Self-learning package, face-to- face interviews and etc) are effective in modifying cervical cancer screening behavior of women. Conclusions: Our results showed that the different interventions and health behavior change frameworks provide an effective base for cervical cancer prevention. Heath providers can chose educational methods based on the particular client situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. gozgoli@sbmu. ac.ir
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Kavanagh AM, Aitken Z, Emerson E, Sahabandu S, Milner A, Bentley R, LaMontagne AD, Pirkis J, Studdert D. Inequalities in socio-economic characteristics and health and wellbeing of men with and without disabilities: a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline wave of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1042. [PMID: 28185560 PMCID: PMC5103237 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, men with disabilities have higher rates of social and economic disadvantage and poorer health and wellbeing than men without disabilities. No single study has provided comprehensive, population-level information about the magnitude of such differences among adult men using a well-validated instrument to measure disability. METHODS We analysed baseline data from Ten to Men - an Australian longitudinal study of male health. Ten to Men used a stratified multi-stage cluster random sample design to recruit a national sample of males aged 10 to 55 years residing in private dwellings. Data were collected between October 2013 and July 2014 from 15,988 males. This analysis was restricted to 18-55 year old participants with data available on age and disability (n = 13,569). We compared the demographic, socio-economic characteristics and health and wellbeing of men with and without disabilities using chi squared tests for proportions and t tests for continuous variables. Linear regression adjusted for age was used to assess the association between disability status and health and wellbeing, which were measured using the SF-12 mental and physical health component scores and the Personal Wellbeing Index. RESULTS Men with disabilities were older and more likely to be born in Australia, speak English at home, be Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and were less likely to be married or de facto, or to live in urban areas. They were less likely to have completed secondary school, be employed and live in affordable housing, and were more likely to live on low incomes, in more socio-economically disadvantaged areas, and in rental accommodation and to experience shortages of money. Among employed men, those with disabilities were less likely to be in high skilled jobs, worked less hours on average, and were more likely to report that they would prefer to work more. Men with disabilities had lower levels of social support and community participation and poorer mental and physical health and overall wellbeing. CONCLUSION Adult men with disabilities experience marked social and economic disadvantage and poorer health and wellbeing. Improving the health and wellbeing of disabled men should be a priority for public health researchers and policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Kavanagh
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, 2141, Australia
- Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Sash Sahabandu
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - David Studdert
- Centre for Health Policy/PCOR, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Stanford Law School, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
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11
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Trends in colorectal cancer screening over time for persons with and without chronic disability. Disabil Health J 2016; 9:498-509. [PMID: 27130194 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with disabilities have often experienced disparities in routine cancer screening. However, with civil rights protections from the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act, such disparities may diminish over time. OBJECTIVE To examine whether disability disparities exist for colorectal cancer screening and whether these screening patterns have changed over time. METHODS We analyzed National Health Interview Survey responses from civilian, non-institutionalized U.S. residents 50-75 years old from selected years between 1998 and 2010. We specified 7 chronic disability indicators using self-reported functional impairments, activity/participation limitations, and expected duration. Separately for women and men, we conducted bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses examining associations of self-reported colorectal cancer screening services with sociodemographic factors and disability type. RESULTS Patterns of chronic disability differed somewhat between women and men; disability rates generally rose over time. For both women and men, colorectal cancer screening rates increased substantially from 1998 through 2010. Over time, relatively few statistically significant differences were reported in colorectal cancer screening rates between nondisabled persons and individuals with various disabilities. In 2010, reported screening rates were generally comparable between nondisabled and disabled persons. In the few statistically significant differences, persons with disabilities almost always reported higher colorectal cancer screening rates than nondisabled individuals. CONCLUSIONS According to national survey data, reported use of colorectal cancer screening is similar between nondisabled persons and individuals with a variety of different disability types. Despite physical demands of some colorectal cancer screening tests, disparities do not appear between populations with and without disability.
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Iezzoni LI, Kurtz SG, Rao SR. Trends in Pap Testing Over Time for Women With and Without Chronic Disability. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:210-9. [PMID: 26372417 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data from 20 years ago--shortly after passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act--showed that women with significant mobility disability had 40% lower Pap test rates than other women. METHODS To examine whether disability disparities in Pap test rates have diminished over time, this study analyzed National Health Interview Survey responses from selected years between 1998 and 2010 from women aged 21-65 years without histories of cervical cancer or hysterectomy. Seven chronic disability types were identified using self-reported functional impairments or participation limitations. Self-reported Pap testing within the previous 3 years was studied. Bivariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables were conducted in 2014. RESULTS Rates of all chronic disability types increased over time. Pap test rates remained relatively constant over time for all women, holding around 84%-87%. Bivariable analyses found statistically significantly lower rates of Pap testing for women with disability compared with nondisabled women. Multivariable analyses failed to find consistent evidence of lower Pap test rates among women across disability types compared with nondisabled women. In 2010, the AOR for reporting Pap testing for women noting the most severe movement difficulty compared with nondisabled women was 0.35 (95% CI=0.15, 0.79). However, the AOR for this disability type varied over time. CONCLUSIONS Little has changed over time in Pap test rates for all women. Women with certain disabilities continue to experience disparities compared with nondisabled women in receipt of this important screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa I Iezzoni
- Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Stephen G Kurtz
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sowmya R Rao
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), Bedford Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts
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13
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Ribeiro JC, Andrade SRD. HEALTH SURVEILLANCE AND PAP TEST COVERAGE: INTEGRATIVE REVIEW. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-07072016005320015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This integrative review aimed to evidence in the literature health surveillance activities that contribute to the increased coverage of the cervical Pap smear. The search was undertaken between April and May 2014 in the databases LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Scopus, using the keywords health surveillance, cervix neoplasm prevention, and Papanicolaou test, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. We selected 341 articles, of which 33 met the inclusion criteria. In studies, the actions have been identified and grouped according to two main control practices of cervical cancer adopted in Brazil: primary prevention and secondary prevention, with emphasis on health promotion and prevention actions that contributed to the increased coverage of the cervical Pap smear.
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14
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Iezzoni LI, Kurtz SG, Rao SR. Trends in mammography over time for women with and without chronic disability. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015; 24:593-601. [PMID: 26083235 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with disabilities often receive mammograms at lower rates than do nondisabled women, although this disparity varies by disability type and severity. Given the implementation of disability civil rights laws in the early 1990s, we examined whether disability disparities in mammogram use have diminished over time. METHODS We analyzed National Health Interview Survey responses of civilian, noninstitutionalized United States female residents 50 to 74 years old from selected years between 1998 and 2010. We identified seven chronic disability types using self-reported functional impairments, activity/participation limitations, and expected duration. We conducted bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses examining associations of self-reported mammogram use within the previous two years with sociodemographic factors and disability. RESULTS Most chronic disability rates rose over time. The most common disability was movement difficulties, with rates increasing from 35.6% (1998) to 39.8% (2010). Mammogram rates for all women remained relatively stable over time, ranging from 72% to 75%. Bivariable analyses generally found statistically significantly lower mammogram rates for women with disability versus nondisabled women. Over time, disparities grew significantly between women with any basic action difficulty or complex activity limitation and nondisabled women (p<0.01). In multivariable logistic analyses, having any difficulty with basic actions was significantly associated with lower adjusted odds of mammography; for example, adjusted odds [95% confidence interval]=0.5 [0.3-0.8], p=0.006, in the model involving movement disability. CONCLUSIONS Little has changed since 1998 in mammogram rates for women with versus without disabilities. Women with certain disabilities continue to experience disparities in mammography testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa I Iezzoni
- 1 Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen G Kurtz
- 3 Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sowmya R Rao
- 3 Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts.,4 Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Bedford, Massachusetts
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15
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Disparities in receipt of breast and cervical cancer screening for rural women age 18 to 64 with disabilities. Womens Health Issues 2015; 25:246-53. [PMID: 25864023 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has found breast and cervical cancer screening disparities between women with and without disabilities, and between women living in rural versus urban areas. Living in a rural area may add to the barriers women with disabilities experience when attempting to obtain screening for breast and cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the combination of disability status and rurality in association with receipt of breast and cervical cancer screening among women age 18 to 64 in the United States. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional analyses of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, using pooled annual data files from 2002 through 2008. We compared recent receipt of breast and cervical cancer screening among four groups: 1) urban women without disabilities, 2) urban women with disabilities, 3) rural women without disabilities, and 4) rural women with disabilities. FINDINGS Overall, women with disabilities were less likely to be up to date with mammograms and Pap tests compared with women with no disabilities. Similarly, women in rural areas were less likely to have received breast or cervical cancer screening within recommended timeframes. Women who both had a disability and lived in a rural area were the least likely to be current with screening. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that living in rural regions compounds disparities in receipt of cancer screening among women with disabilities. Increased attention is needed to improve receipt of cancer screening among rural women with disabilities.
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Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Disparities Associated with Disability Severity. Womens Health Issues 2014; 24:e147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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