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Yang P, Huang S, Luo Z, Zhou S, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Yang J, Li L. Radix Bupleuri aqueous extract attenuates MK801-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice: Participation of intestinal flora. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116267. [PMID: 38364739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a psychotic mental disorder characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and social impairments. However, current pharmacological treatment regimens are subpar in terms of effectiveness. This study aimed to investigate the function of Radix Bupleuri aqueous extract in SCZ in mouse models. The SCZ mouse model was established by MK-801 injection and feeding of Radix Bupleuri aqueous extract or combined antibiotics. Radix Bupleuri aqueous extract significantly improved the aberrant behaviors and neuronal damage in SCZ mice, upregulated SYP and PSD-95 expression and BDNF levels in hippocampal homogenates, down-regulated DA and 5-HT levels, and suppressed microglial activation in SCZ mice. Moreover, Radix Bupleuri aqueous extract improved the integrity of the intestinal tract barrier. The 16 S rRNA sequencing of feces showed that Radix Bupleuri extract modulated the composition of gut flora. Lactobacillus abundance was decreased in SCZ mice and reversed by Radix Bupleuri aqueous extract administration which exhibited a significant negative correlation with IL-6, IL-1β, DA, and 5-HT, and a significant positive correlation with BDNF levels in hippocampal tissues. The abundance of Parabacteroides and Alloprevotella was increased in SCZ mice. It was reversed by Radix Bupleuri aqueous extract administration, which exhibited a positive correlation with IL-6, IL-1β, and 5-HT and a negative correlation with BDNF. In conclusion, Radix Bupleuri aqueous extract attenuates the inflammatory response in hippocampal tissues and modulates neurotransmitter levels, exerting its neuroprotective effect in SCZ. Meanwhile, the alteration of intestinal flora may be involved in this process, which is expected to be an underlying therapeutic option in treating SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Brain Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sheng Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Brain Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China; Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Zhihong Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Brain Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Shaoming Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Brain Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Changjuan Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Brain Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Brain Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Community Health Service Center of Dongtang Street, Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Brain Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China.
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Yu W, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Liu C, Lu C, Liang Z, Wang G, Yan J. The Wu-Shi-Cha formula protects against ulcerative colitis by orchestrating immunity and microbiota homeostasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116075. [PMID: 36572328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a healthy burden worldwide due to its insidious onset and repetitive relapse, with a rather complex etiology, including inappropriate immune response, dysbiosis, genetic susceptibility, and unhealthy diets. The Wu-Shi-Cha (WSC) formula is a widely utilized drug to protect against gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aspired to dissect the pertinent mechanisms of the WSC to treat UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to predict the targets of WSC in the context of UC and colorectal cancer. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to construct murine models of experimental colitis, and the WSC was given to colitis mice for 14 days. Feces and colon samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and biochemical experiments, respectively. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the WSC formula could orchestrate inflammation, infection, and tumorigenesis, and WGCNA based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database showed a potent anti-neoplastic effect of the WSC therapy for colorectal cancer. The WSC therapy rescued bursts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and colonic epithelial collapse in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, the high dose of WSC treatment facilitated the alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages (Mφs) and these Mφs were conducive to the survival of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and the disturbed homeostasis of gut microbiota was re-established after WSC treatment, as evidenced by the decreased colonization of pathological taxa in the fecal samples. CONCLUSION The WSC formula suppresses inflammation and re-establishes the homeostasis of gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating colitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zizheng Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zhenghao Liang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
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Shen W, Jiang N, Zhou W. What can traditional Chinese medicine do for adult neurogenesis? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158228. [PMID: 37123359 PMCID: PMC10130459 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis plays a crucial role in cognitive function and mood regulation, while aberrant adult neurogenesis contributes to various neurological and psychiatric diseases. With a better understanding of the significance of adult neurogenesis, the demand for improving adult neurogenesis is increasing. More and more research has shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including TCM prescriptions (TCMPs), Chinese herbal medicine, and bioactive components, has unique advantages in treating neurological and psychiatric diseases by regulating adult neurogenesis at various stages, including proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. In this review, we summarize the progress of TCM in improving adult neurogenesis and the key possible mechanisms by which TCM may benefit it. Finally, we suggest the possible strategies of TCM to improve adult neurogenesis in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Jiang, ; Wenxia Zhou,
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Jiang, ; Wenxia Zhou,
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Peng S, Zhou Y, Lu M, Wang Q. Review of Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Depression. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221139082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, a mental illness that is receiving increasing attention, is caused by multiple factors and genes and adversely affects social life and health. Several hypotheses have been proposed to clarify the pathogenesis of depression, and various synthetic antidepressants have been introduced to treat patients with depression. However, these drugs are effective only in a proportion of patients and fail to achieve complete remission. Recently, herbal medicines have received much attention as alternative treatments for depression because of their fewer side effects and lower costs. In this review, we have mainly focused on the herbal medicines that have been proven in clinical studies (especially randomized controlled trials and preclinical studies) to have antidepressant effects; we also describe the potential mechanisms of the antidepressant effects of those herbal medicines; the cellular and animal model of depression; and the development of novel drug delivery systems for herbal antidepressants. Finally, we objectively elaborate on the challenges of using herbal medicines as antidepressants and describe the benefits, adverse effects, and toxicity of these medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Peng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bai S, Peng X, Wu C, Cai T, Liu J, Shu G. Effects of dietary inclusion of Radix Bupleuri extract on the growth performance, and ultrastructural changes and apoptosis of lung epithelial cells in broilers exposed to atmospheric ammonia. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab313. [PMID: 34718609 PMCID: PMC8599180 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore whether Radix Bupleuri extract (RBE) could protect lung injury of broilers under ammonia (NH3) exposure, 360 one-d-old male broilers were randomly allocated to four groups of six replicates each in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two diets (the basal diet [control; CON] and the basal diet supplemented with RBE [RB]) and two air conditions (normal condition [<2 ppm of NH3; NOR] and NH3 exposure [70 ppm of NH3; NH70]). The RB diet contained 80 mg saikosaponins/kg diet. On day 7, the lung tissues were collected and the lung epithelial cells (LEC) were isolated. Our experimental results showed that the NH3 exposure decreased body weight gain and feed intake irrespective of dietary treatments during days 1 to 7. However, the RBE addition decreased feed consumption to body weight gain ratio in broilers under NH70 conditions. In the LEC of CON-fed broilers under NH70 conditions, Golgi stacks showed the dilation of cisternaes and reduced secretory vesicles, mitochondria enlarged, the inner membrane of mitochondria became obscure, and the cristae of mitochondria ruptured, whereas only a mild enlargement of Golgi cisternaes and the part rupture of mitochondrial cristaes occurred in the LEC of RB-fed broilers under NH70 conditions. The NH3 exposure increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, but decreased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the lungs of CON-fed broilers. However, the RBE addition decreased MDA level and increased T-AOC in the lungs of broilers under NH70 conditions. Simultaneously, the NH3 exposure increased apoptotic rate (AR), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the isolated LEC of CON-fed broilers. The RBE addition decreased AR, MMP, and ROS in the isolated LEC of broilers under NH70 condition. Besides, the NH3 exposure increased mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (BAX), caspase-3, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), but increased interferon γ (IFN-γ) mRNA abundance in the lungs of CON-fed broilers. The RBE supplement decreased mRNA levels of BAX, caspase-3, and TNF-α, but increased IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 mRNA levels in the lungs of broilers under NH70 conditions. These results indicated that dietary RBE addition alleviated NH3 exposure-induced intercellular ultrastructural damage via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, possibly due to RBE-induced increase of antioxidant capacity and immunomodulatory function in the lungs of broilers under NH3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tong Cai
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jiangfeng Liu
- School of Intelligence Technology, Geely University of China, Chengdu 641423, China
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Qi Y, Zhang H, Liang S, Chen J, Yan X, Duan Z, Zhou D, Li Z. Evaluation of the Antidepressant Effect of the Functional Beverage Containing Active Peptides, Menthol and Eleutheroside and Investigation of Its Mechanism of Action in Mice. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:295-302. [PMID: 33281485 PMCID: PMC7709459 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.03.20.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Depression has become a global threat to human health. In order to solve it, researchers have conducted multi-faceted studies including diet. Many food-derived bioactive substances have shown antidepressant effects. However, there are few studies on the design of industrialized food with antidepressant effect. This study aims to evaluate the antidepressant effect of a functional beverage made from several ingredients with potential antidepressant function and investigate its antidepressant mechanisms. Experimental approach The beverage consists of peppermint oil, active peptides derived from bovine milk casein and Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) whose active ingredient is eleutheroside. Different amounts of ASE were evaluated to determine the optimal concentration of eleutheroside in this functional beverage to deliver the best antidepressant effect through extensive behavioral testing, including preliminary acute stress experiments and further chronic unpredictable mild stress test. Results and conclusions The results demonstrated that the beverage with 15 mg/kg of eleutheroside could significantly reduce the mice’s immobility time of tail suspension test and forced swimming test, recover mice’s sucrose preference and behavior changes in the open field test, improve the contents of dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and the activity of superoxide dismutase and reduce the content of malondialdehyde in mice’s brains, which indicated that the improvement of monoamine neurotransmitter systems and antioxidation was one potential mechanism of antidepressant action. Novelty and scientific contribution This study provides a design of antidepressant functional beverage and an efficient way for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Sha Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2510 River Dr, TN 37996 Knoxville, USA
| | - Xiaoni Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Zhouyu Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Deyang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
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Jiang H, Yang L, Hou A, Zhang J, Wang S, Man W, Zheng S, Yu H, Wang X, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, analytical methods, processing, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of Bupleuri Radix: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110679. [PMID: 32858498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bupleuri Radix (BR) is the dry root of Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. It has the functions of evacuation and antipyretic, soothing liver and relieving depression and often used to treat cold fever, chest and rib swelling pain, irregular menstruation, uterine prolapse, rectocele and other diseases. In this paper, the botany, traditional application, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of BR were reviewed. On the basis of limited literature, the analytical method, quality control, processing method, processing effect and pharmacokinetics of BR were summarized and analyzed for the first time. This review makes an in-depth discussion on the shortcomings of the current research on BR, and puts forward its own views and solutions. This has never been summarized in the previous review of BR. It is of great practical significance for future scholars to find a breakthrough point in the study of BR. So far, its mechanism has not been satisfactorily explained. Moreover, the comprehensive quality evaluation and multi-target network pharmacology of BR need to be further studied. In the future, more in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to give full play to the therapeutic potential of BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenjing Man
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Senwang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 528458, China.
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Xiao-Yao-San Formula Improves Cognitive Ability by Protecting the Hippocampal Neurons in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4156145. [PMID: 32655660 PMCID: PMC7321526 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4156145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Xiao-Yao-San (XYS) decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine formula. This study aimed to investigate the effect of XYS on cognitive abilities and its underlying mechanism in ovariectomized rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and treated with XYS (3 g/kg or 9 g/kg) by gavage, with subcutaneous injection of 17-β estradiol (E2, 2 μg/kg) as a positive drug control and gavage of 1 ml saline (0.9%) as a placebo control. After 6 weeks of treatment, rats were examined using the Morris water maze test. The estradiol level in the serum and hippocampus was measured by ELISA. Golgi staining was performed to observe neuronal morphology in the hippocampus. Apoptosis of hippocampal cells was observed by TUNEL staining. The protein content of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) 2A and 2B in the hippocampal CA1 region was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and PI3K signaling was detected by Western blot. Compared with the sham group, both learning and memory were impaired in ovariectomized rats. Rats treated with E2 or high-dose XYS showed better learning and memory compared with the saline-treated rats. High-dose XYS significantly reduced escape latency in the spatial acquisition trial; meanwhile, the cross times and duration in the probe quadrant were increased in the spatial probe trial. High-dose XYS promoted the de novo synthesis of E2 content in the hippocampus but had no significant effect on the serum E2 level. Golgi staining indicated that high-dose XYS could increase the branch number and density of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 area. TUNEL staining showed that high-dose XYS alleviated ovariectomy-induced neuronal apoptosis. The expression level of NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B in hippocampal CA1 was upregulated by XYS treatment. The beneficial effect of XYS was through activating ERα-PI3K signaling. In conclusion, high-dose XYS treatment can improve the cognitive abilities of ovariectomized rats by protecting the hippocampal neurons and restoring the hippocampal E2 level.
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Al-Dulaimi DW, Shah Abdul Majid A, M Baharetha H, Ahamed MBK, Faisal SF, Al Zarzour RH, Ein Oon C, Abdul Majid AMS, Ahmed Hassan LE. Anticlastogenic, antimutagenic, and cytoprotective properties of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic leaves extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:641-650. [PMID: 32321321 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1749652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus (O.S) is widely consumed for its medidcinal value including anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, and diuretic properties. The present study evaluates the cytoprotective, anti-mutagenic, and anticlastogenic efficacies of standardized extract of Orthosiphon stamineus. Normal liver cell line (WRL68) exposed to hydrogen peroxide and serum-deprived media as insults to evaluate cytoprotective and glutathione activation activities of (Et. O. s). Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 exposed to different concentrations of (Et. O. s). The influence of Et. O. s on mitotic, replicative indices as well as chromosomal aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by mitomycin C (MMC). The Et. O.s proved to be a potent scavenger for hydrogen peroxide and other free radicals in serum-depraved media, which showed to stimulate glutathione production in liver cells line. Moreover, it did not induce mutations in S. typhimurium subspecies TA98 and TA100. The standardized extract exhibited powerful antimutagenic activities as verified against both 2-nitrofluorene and sodium azide in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 cells, respectively. Cytogenetic tests showed high concentrations of Et. O. s to reduce the values of mitotic and replicative indices without any accompanying side effects, such as chromosomal abnormalities or SCE. To ameliorate MMC effects, pretreatment with the extract proofed to be efficient protocol. These data suggests that O. stamineus extract could be useful as cytoprotective, antimutagenic, and anticlastogenic efficacies, which owes to its potent chemoprevention, antioxidant, and glutathione activation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhamraa W Al-Dulaimi
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.,EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Hussein M Baharetha
- College of Medicine and Medical Science, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Furqan Faisal
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University
| | - Loiy E Ahmed Hassan
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Mo Q, Zhou G, Xie B, Ma B, Zang X, Chen Y, Cheng L, Zhou JH, Wang Y. Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of Yigan mingmu oral liquid against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 32024513 PMCID: PMC7076881 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Yigan mingmu oral liquid (YGMM) is a herbal medicine based on a famous Chinese herbal formula that has been used for sore eyes for more than 400 years. Eye health is closely associated with the liver based on TCM. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of YGMM against acute liver injury induced by alcohol in rats. Methods Experimental rats were administered with silymarin and YGMM through the gastric gavage during the entire experiment. Starting from the 11th day, the rats were administered orally with 14 ml/kg Red Star Erguotou Liquor, a popular brand, at 4 h after the dose of silymarin (100 mg/kg) and YGMM (1, 2.5 and 5 ml/kg in low, middle and high dosage group, respectively) once a day for 4 weeks except for the rats in the normal group. Biochemical parameters, including ALT, AST, TB, TG, T-SOD, GSH, and MDA were detected to evaluate the protective effect of YGMM. Pathological changes were observed through histopathological examination. Results Treatment with YGMM exhibited a significant protective effect by reversing the biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, TB, TG, and GSH) and histopathological changes. Histopathological examination by Oil Red O Staining Solution showed that lipid droplets were significantly reduced in the silymarin and YGMM groups (p < 0.001) when compared to alcohol group. Conclusions YGMM exhibits a significant hepatoprotective activity against acute liver injury induced by alcohol in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Mo
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Zhou
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baibo Xie
- Beijing Hebabiz Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Ma
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zang
- Beijing Hebabiz Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyou Cheng
- Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China
| | - James Hua Zhou
- Beijing Hebabiz Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China. .,Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Efficacy and safety of Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang (Saikokaryukotsuboreito, Chai-Hu-Jia-Long-Gu-Mu-Li-Tang) for post-stroke depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14536. [PMID: 31601868 PMCID: PMC6787092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang (SGYMT), a classical herbal medicine consisting of 11 herbs, for treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD). Thirteen databases were comprehensively searched from their inception dates until July 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using SGYMT as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for PSD patients were included. Where appropriate data were available, meta-analysis was performed and presented as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed the quality of RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Jadad scale. The quality of evidence for each main outcome was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Twenty-one RCTs with 1,644 participants were included. In the comparison between the SGYMT and antidepressants groups, the SGYMT group scored significantly lower on both the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) (8 studies; MD −2.08, 95% CI −2.62 to −1.53, I2 = 34%) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (2 studies; MD −0.84, 95% CI −1.40 to −0.29, I2 = 19%), and significantly higher on the Barthel index (3 studies; MD 4.30, 95% CI 2.04 to 6.57, I2 = 66%). Moreover, the SGYMT group was associated with significantly fewer adverse events (6 studies; RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.37, I2 = 0%) than the antidepressants group. In the subgroup analysis, SGYMT treatment consistently reduced HAMD scores within the first 8 weeks of treatment, but thereafter this difference between groups disappeared. Comparisons between SGYMT combined with antidepressants, and antidepressants alone, showed significantly lower scores in the combination group for both HAMD (7 studies; MD = −6.72, 95% CI = −11.42 to −2.01, I2 = 98%) and NIHSS scores (4 studies; MD −3.03, 95% CI −3.60 to −2.45, I2 = 87%). In the subgroup analysis, the reductions of HAMD scores in the SGYMT combined with antidepressants group were consistent within 4 weeks of treatment, but disappeared thereafter. The quality of RCTs was generally low and the quality of evidence evaluated by the GRADE approach was rated mostly “Very low” to “Moderate.” The main causes of low quality ratings were the high risk of bias and imprecision of results. Current evidence suggests that SGYMT, used either as a monotherapy or an adjuvant therapy to antidepressants, might have potential benefits for the treatment of PSD, including short-term reduction of depressive symptoms, improvement of neurological symptoms, and few adverse events. However, since the methodological quality of the included studies was generally low and there were no large placebo trials to ensure reliability, it remains difficult to draw definitive conclusions on this topic. Further well-designed RCTs addressing these shortcomings are needed to confirm our results.
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Jia R, Gu Z, He Q, Du J, Cao L, Jeney G, Xu P, Yin G. Anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of Radix Bupleuri extract against oxidative damage in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) via Nrf2 and TLRs signaling pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:395-405. [PMID: 31374313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri extract (RBE) is one of the most popular oriental herbal medicines, which has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its protective effects and underlying molecular mechanisms on oxidative damage in tilapia are still unclear. The aims of the study were to explore the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of RBE against oxidative damage, and to elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms in fish. Tilapia received diet containing three doses of RBE (0, 1 and 3 g/kg diet) for 60 days, and then were given an intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 or saline. Before injection, RBE treatments improved growth performance and partial anti-oxidative capacity in tilapia. After oxidative damage, RBE pretreatments were able to signally reduce the higher serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and liver necrosis. In serum and liver, the abnormal lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant status induced by H2O2 injection were restored by RBE treatments. Furthermore, RBE treatments activated erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, which promoted the gene expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). Meanwhile, RBE treatments reduced inflammatory response by inhibiting TLRs-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway, accompanied by the lower interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-8 mRNA levels. In addition, RBE treatments upregulated complement (C3) gene expression and downregulated heat shock protein (HSP70) gene expression. In conclusion, the current study suggested that RBE pretreatments protected against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in tilapia. The beneficial activity of RBE may be due to the modulation of Nrf2/ARE and TLRs-Myd88-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxim, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Zhengyan Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Qin He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxim, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxim, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Galina Jeney
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; National Agricultural Research Center, Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Anna Light 8, Szarvas, 5440, Hungary
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxim, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Guojun Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxim, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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13
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Eo H, Kwon Y, Huh E, Sim Y, Choi JG, Jeong JS, Du XF, Soh HY, Hong SP, Kim Pak Y, Oh MS. Protective effects of DA-9805 on dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in the models of Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109184. [PMID: 31387167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the elderly population rapidly growing, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is quickly increasing because neurodegenerative disorders are usually late-onset. Herbal medicines and formula are adjuvant therapies of conventional PD agents, which result in serious side effects with long-term use. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of DA-9805, a standardized herbal formula that consists of an ethanolic extract of Moutan Cortex Radix, Angelica Dahuricae Radix, and Bupleuri Radix against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In PC12 cells, DA-9805 at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/mL ameliorated cell viability, which was reduced by 6-OHDA. In addition, DA-9805 activated the extracellular-regulated kinase-nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, subsequently stimulating antioxidative enzymes such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and catalase and suppressing apoptosis. Furthermore, DA-9805 prevented 6-OHDA-induced movement impairment, as well as a decrease of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine transmission in rodents. Taken together, these results suggest that the mixed herbal formula DA-9805 may be a pharmaceutical agent for preventing or improving PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science of Meridian, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomoon Sim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Jeong
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Fei Du
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Soh
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao Y, Wang YJ, Zhao RZ, Xiang FJ. Vinegar amount in the process affected the components of vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri and its hepatoprotective effect. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:346. [PMID: 27599678 PMCID: PMC5011866 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Bupleuri Radix (in Chinese Chaihu), the dried roots of Bupleurum Chinense DC, is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used to treat fever, hepatitis, jaundice, nephritis, dizziness. When baked with vinegar, its effect is more focused on liver related disease. This paper was undertaken to determine the best vinegar amount in the processing and explore its key efficacy components. Methods Hepatoprotective effects of Radix Bupleuri after processing with different amount of vinegar (1:5, 2:5, 3:5) were investigated on liver hurt rats, and the change of constituents were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results With the increasing amount of vinegar, the hepatoprotective effects of vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB) and the content of saikosaponin b2 increased. Conclusion These results suggested that vinegar amount in the process affected the pharmacological effect of VBRB significantly and saikosaponin b2 may be the key efficacy component of it.
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Nakatani Y, Amano T, Yamamoto H, Sakai N, Tsuji M, Takeda H. Yokukansan enhances the proliferation of B65 neuroblastoma. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 7:34-44. [PMID: 28053886 PMCID: PMC5198832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Yokukansan, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been considered to be a novel alternative treatment for several neurological diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, as well as neurosis, insomnia, and behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, it has been shown that yokukansan has antidepressant-like and pain-relieving effects in animal models. Recently, several studies have shown that yokukansan has a neuroprotective effect. In this study, we focused on whether or no yokukansan influences cell proliferation related to cell-cycle progression by using B65 neuroblastoma cells derived from monoaminergic neurons. Under treatment with yokukansan, the proliferation rate of B65 neuroblastoma cells significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, a proliferative effect was observed after treatment with yokukansan for 48 h and 72 h. Moreover, among seven medicinal herbs that comprise yokukansan, both Bupleuri Radix and Glycyrrhize Radix also enhanced the proliferation of B65 neuroblastoma cells. We assessed the effect of yokukansan on p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in B65 neuroblastoma cells, and found that yokukansan increased p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation after treatment for 48 h. In contrast, neither Bupleuri Radix nor Glycyrrhize Radix altered the level of p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation, although they did increase cell proliferation. Our findings suggest that yokukansan has a cell-proliferative due to both Bupleuri Radix and Glycyrrhize Radix, and this is unrelated to the p44/42 MAPK signaling cascade.
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Key Words
- 5-HT, Serotonin
- ALR, Atractylodis lanceae Rhizoma
- AR, Angelicae Radix
- B65 neuroblastoma
- BPSD, Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
- BR, Bupleuri Radix
- Bupleuri Radix
- CR, Cnidii Rhizoma
- Cell proliferation
- GR, Glycyrrhize Radix
- Glycyrrhize Radix
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- PR, Poria
- SSRI, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- UR, Uncariae Uncis cum Ramulus
- Yokukansan
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nakatani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan; Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan; Advanced Education and Research Center for Kampo Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Taku Amano
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan; Advanced Education and Research Center for Kampo Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan; Advanced Education and Research Center for Kampo Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan; Advanced Education and Research Center for Kampo Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
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Comparison of Volatile Components between Raw and Vinegar Baked Radix Bupleuri by GC-MS Based Metabolic Fingerprinting Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:653791. [PMID: 26265925 PMCID: PMC4523648 DOI: 10.1155/2015/653791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri (RB), also named Chaihu in Chinese, is a commonly used herbal drug in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and the processing of RB with vinegar to prepare vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB) has a long history in the clinic of TCM. In the present study, GC-MS coupled with multivariate data analysis was applied to compare the volatile components between crude and two vinegar processed RBs. After vinegar baking, the oil yields were decreased significantly, and the chemical compositions were also changed greatly. The chemical changes included the disappearance or appearance, as well as the content increase or decrease of some volatile compounds. The oil yields of two different VBRBs showed no significant difference but differed markedly in their chemical compositions, suggesting that the type of vinegar exerted great impacts on the vinegar-baking process. Thus, the effect of different vinegars on processing should be further investigated to ensure the therapeutic effect and safety of VBRB in clinic.
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Wang X, Feng Q, Xiao Y, Li P. Radix Bupleuri ameliorates depression by increasing nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:9205-9217. [PMID: 26309578 PMCID: PMC4538160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese herb Radix Bupleuri has been regarded effective to improve treatment of depression, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Low levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increase the likelihood of developing the depression. Therefore, we want to know whether Radix Bupleuri affects the levels of these factors. METHODS A total 160 hemodialysis patients were diagnosed with depression and randomly assigned to two groups: Radix Bupleuri group (received 1 g root power of Radix Bupleuri in a capsule daily Radix Bupleuri) and control group (receive placebo). RESULTS After three-month follow-up, the patients who received Radix Bupleuri had greater improvement in depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms and general functioning via controls after three-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Serum NGF levels were significantly higher in subjects accepted Radix Bupleuris (178.64 ± 52.18 pg/mL) when compared to a control (103.54 ± 31.23 pg/ml) (P < 0.01). Similarly, serum BDNF levels were significantly higher in subjects accepted Radix Bupleuris (1635.26 ± 121.66 pg/ml) when compared to a control (516.38 ± 44.89 pg/ml) (P < 0.01). The serum levels of NGF and BDNF were negatively related with Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and positively related with scores of RAND-36 item Health Survey (RAND-36) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Thus, Radix Bupleuri ameliorates the patients with depression by increasing serum levels of NGF and BDNF. Radix Bupleuri should be developed a new drug for the therapy of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116011, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116011, China
| | - Ping Li
- Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116011, China
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Chen X, Yu T, Chen Z, Zhao R, Mao S. Effect of saikosaponins and extracts of vinegar-baked Bupleuri Radix on the activity of β-glucuronidase. Xenobiotica 2014; 44:785-91. [PMID: 24641105 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.898809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, liver targeting is usually achieved by coadministration with Vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB), but the mechanism is unclear. In this paper, the influence of VBRB on the activity of β-glucuronidase was investigated and compared with that of saikosaponins. The activity of β-glucuronidase was measured by microplate reader using a 4-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide substrate. The change of 4-nitrophenol content was used to characterize the activity of β-glucuronidase. Bupleurum chinenes were found to be the inhibitor of β-glucuronidase. The inhibition rate of Bupleurum chinenes extracts BC1 (high molecular weight polysaccharides), BC2 (ethanol soluble/water insoluble component), BC3 (extracted by n-butanol, soluble in water), and BC4 (low molecular weight water soluble parts) on the activity of β-glucuronidase was found to be 45.15%, 33.94%, 24.94%, and 34.54%, respectively, after 1 h incubation, with BC1 showing the highest inhibition rate. In contrast, the saikosaponins were demonstrated to be the promoter of β-glucuronidase, with promotion rates of 333.56%, 217.04%, 247.87%, 149.75%, and 92.50% for saikosaponin standard samples A, B, B2, C, and D, respectively, (p<0.05). In conclusion, inhibiting the activity of β-glucuronidase might be one of the reasons why VBRB could influence drug distribution upon its coadministration with other drugs. Since saikosaponins and VBRB extracts have opposite effect, more attention should be paid to the content of saikosaponins in the extracts upon its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China and
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