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Chea SK, Kazienga A, Oyugi EA, Menza I, Nasambu C, Ibrahim F, Abdullahi OA, Hassan AS, Abubakar A, Michielsen K, Abbeddou S. Associations between disordered eating behaviour and sexual behaviour amongst emerging adults attending a tertiary education institution in Coastal Kenya. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301436. [PMID: 38861516 PMCID: PMC11166344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual behavior (SB) is a well-documented pathway to HIV acquisition in emerging adults and remains common amongst African emerging adults. Previous research in high-income countries indicates a correlation between disordered eating behavior (DEB) and engaging in sexual behaviors. We aimed to describe the relationship between DEB and SB amongst emerging adults attending a tertiary educational institution at the Kenyan Coast. METHODS We applied a cross-sectional design nested in a young adults' cohort study. Eligibility included sexually active emerging adults aged 18-24 years. Three DEBs (emotional, restrained and external eating) were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and analysed using exploratory factor analysis. Seven SB indicators were assessed: non-condom use, casual sex, multiple sex partners, transactional sex, group sex, age-disparate relationship and anal sex, and grouped into low vs. high SB using latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between DEB and SB. RESULTS Of 273 eligible participants (female, n = 110 [40.3%]), the mean of emotional, restrained and external eating was 1.9 [0.6], 2.0 [0.6] and 3.0 [0.5] respectively. Overall, 57 (20.9%) were grouped into the latent high SB class. Emotional (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.0 [0.9-1.0], p = 0.398), restrained (AOR, 1.0 [CI: 0.9-1.1], p = 0.301) and External (AOR, 1.0 [CI: 0.8-1.2], p = 0.523) eating were not independently associated with latent high SB. CONCLUSION There was no significant association between DEB and SB in this study sample. In low- and middle-income countries like Kenya, interventions targeted at DEB among emerging adults towards controlling SB are unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevenson K. Chea
- Department of Nursing Sciences, School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adama Kazienga
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eunice A. Oyugi
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Isaac Menza
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Carophine Nasambu
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Osman A. Abdullahi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Amin S. Hassan
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kristien Michielsen
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leven), Leven, Belgium
| | - Souheila Abbeddou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Fleur RS, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski J, Horton N, Reich L, Chavarro J, Hirschhorn J, Ziobrowski H, Field A. Associations Between Phenotypes of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Young Adulthood. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4113605. [PMID: 38562761 PMCID: PMC10984016 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4113605/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objectives We investigated whether empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were differentially associated with risk of hypertension in young adulthood, and whether these associations differed by sex. Methods Data came from 11,404 participants in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study in the US established in 1996. We used a childhood obesity phenotype variable that was previously empirically derived using latent class analysis. The childhood obesity phenotypes included an early puberty phenotype (females only), a mothers with obesity phenotype, a high weight concerns phenotype, and a mixed phenotype. Participants without overweight or obesity in childhood or adolescence were the reference group. We then used logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to examine associations of childhood obesity phenotypes with incident hypertension between ages 20-35 years. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results Among females, participants in all of the empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were more likely than their peers without childhood overweight/obesity to develop hypertension in young adulthood (early puberty subtype odds ratio (OR) = 2.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.75, 3.62; mothers with obesity (MO) subtype OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.93, 4.59; high weight concerns (WC) subtype OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.65, 3.28; mixed subtype OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.20). Among males, the childhood obesity phenotypes were associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension, although males in the MO (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.82, 3.87) and WC phenotypes (OR = 3.52; 95% CI = 2.38, 5.20) had a greater risk of developing hypertension than the mixed subtype (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.23, 1.86) (p = 0.004). Conclusion Risk for incident hypertension in young adulthood varied by childhood obesity phenotypes, as well as by biological sex. If replicated, these results may suggest that increased surveillance of specific childhood obesity phenotypes might help in targeting those at highest risk for hypertension.
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Olatona FA, Aladelokun BF, Adisa OO, Ogunyemi AO, Goodman OO. Body image dissatisfaction, nutritional status and weight control strategies among university undergraduates in Lagos: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:112. [PMID: 37745923 PMCID: PMC10516757 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.112.27382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction body image dissatisfaction has been associated with poor nutritional status and unhealthy weight management strategies. This study determined the prevalence and relationships between body image dissatisfaction, nutritional status, and weight management strategies among university undergraduate students in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods a descriptive cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage sampling technique to select 865 undergraduates in Lagos. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the variables. Stunkard figure rating scale was used to determine body image dissatisfaction. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to determine nutritional status. A standard weight control strategy scale was adopted to determine weight management strategies. SPSS (version 23) was used for analysis and the association between variables was determined using Chi-square. The level of significance was set at P= <0.05. Results the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was high (63.5%) but not associated with gender. The majority (65.1%) had normal BMI, 10.6% were overweight and 7.2% were obese. Majority of the respondents (93.3%) engaged in weight management practices with dietary control being the most employed strategy. The most commonly employed unhealthy practice is strict dieting (37.7%). Body image dissatisfaction was significantly associated with overweight/obesity (P=0.001) but not with weight management practices. Age and overweight/obesity were predictors of BID. Conclusion prevalence of body image dissatisfaction, overweight and obesity, and unhealthy weight management strategies were high. Body image dissatisfaction was associated with obesity but not associated with weight management strategies. All undergraduates need health education on body image and appropriate weight management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluke Adenike Olatona
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | - Omolola Olayeni Adisa
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin Oyeyimika Ogunyemi
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Olufisayo Goodman
- Department of Community Health & Primary Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos State, Nigeria
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4
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Baranauskas M, Kupčiūnaitė I, Stukas R. Potential Triggers for Risking the Development of Eating Disorders in Non-Clinical Higher-Education Students in Emerging Adulthood. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112293. [PMID: 35684093 PMCID: PMC9182964 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, eating disorders (ED) among individuals during emerging adulthood have become a crucial challenge to public health, taking into account the fact that the global prevalence of the ED risk in student-aged populations already stands at 10.4% and has been sharply increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. In all, from 50% to 80% of all the ED cases go undetected or are not correctly diagnosed; moreover, these individuals do not receive specialized treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis detected via screening questionnaires for ED is highly recommended. This study aimed to identify the triggers for ED risk development in emerging-adulthood individuals and to reveal the factors significant not only for ED prevention but also for assessing individuals with subthreshold symptoms. This cross-sectional study provides the results for the ED symptom screening in 1716 Lithuanian higher-education students aged 21.2 ± 3.9, during emerging adulthood. According to the results of this study, 19.2% of students were at risk for ED. Potential risk factors such as sex (odds ratio (OR): 3.1, 95% CI: 1.9–4.9), body weight (self-reported body mass index) (adjusted (A) OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2–1.7) and comorbidities such as smoking (AOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.6–2.8), and perceived stress during the pandemic (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.8) are involved in anticipating the symptomatology of ED during emerging adulthood. Regular initial screenings with universally adopted questionnaires and further referral to a psychiatrist must be applied to promote both the diagnosis of early-onset symptomatology and the treatment of these ED in student-aged populations. Preventive programs for reducing the prevalence of overweight or obesity among students during emerging adulthood should focus on integration directions for the development of a positive body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Baranauskas
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Panevėžys University of Applied Sciences, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ingrida Kupčiūnaitė
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Panevėžys University of Applied Sciences, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania;
| | - Rimantas Stukas
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Cislaghi B, Weber AM, Shakya HB, Abdalla S, Bhatia A, Domingue BW, Mejía-Guevara I, Stark L, Seff I, Richter LM, Baptista Menezes AM, Victora CG, Darmstadt GL. Innovative methods to analyse the impact of gender norms on adolescent health using global health survey data. Soc Sci Med 2021; 293:114652. [PMID: 34915243 PMCID: PMC8819155 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Understanding how gender norms affect health is an important entry point into designing programs and policies to change norms and improve gender equality and health. However, it is rare for global health datasets to include questions on gender norms, especially questions that go beyond measuring gender-related attitudes, thus limiting gender analysis. Methods We developed five case studies using health survey data from six countries to demonstrate approaches to defining and operationalising proxy measures and analytic approaches to investigating how gender norms can affect health. Key findings, strengths and limitations of our norms proxies and methodological choices are summarised. Findings Case studies revealed links between gender norms and multiple adolescent health outcomes. Proxys for norms were derived from data on attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours, as well as differences between attitudes and behaviours. Data were cross-sectional, longitudinal, census- and social network-based. Analytic methods were diverse. We found that gender norms affect: 1) Intimate partner violence in Nigeria; 2) Unhealthy weight control behaviours in Brazil and South Africa; 3) HIV status in Zambia; 4) Health and social mobility in the US; and 5) Childbirth in Honduras. Interpretation Researchers can use existing global health survey data to examine pathways through which gender norms affect health by generating proxies for gender norms. While direct measures of gender norms can greatly improve the understanding of how gender affects health, proxy measures for norms can be designed for the specific health-related outcome and normative context, for instance by either aggregating behaviours or attitudes or quantifying the difference (dissonance) between them. These norm proxies enable evaluations of the influence of gender norms on health and insights into possible reference groups and sanctions for non-compliers, thus informing programmes and policies to shape norms and improve health. This article presents effective methods to study gender norms in existing global health survey data. We devised conceptual pathways linking gender norms to gender-based health disparities. We identified gender norms proxies and reference groups enforcing the norm. We tested hypotheses linking gender norms to health. These methods can aid policy and programme design to advance gender equality and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Cislaghi
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health and Development, London, UK
| | - Ann M Weber
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Holly B Shakya
- Department of Medicine, Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Safa Abdalla
- Global Center for Gender Equality, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amiya Bhatia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health and Development, London, UK
| | | | - Iván Mejía-Guevara
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Aging and Ethnogeriatrics (SAGE) Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay Stark
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilana Seff
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Linda M Richter
- Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ana Maria Baptista Menezes
- International Center for Equity in Health, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande de Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar G Victora
- International Center for Equity in Health, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande de Sul, Brazil
| | - Gary L Darmstadt
- Global Center for Gender Equality, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Obidoa JC, Onyechi KCN, Chukwuone CA, Dimelu IN, Victor-Aigbodion V, Eseadi C, Chukwu CL, Ejiofor JN, Obande-Ogbuinya NE, Uba MBI, Folorunsho ROB, Oraelosi CA, Onuorah AE. Gender effect on eating habits of Nigerian school children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24961. [PMID: 33787582 PMCID: PMC8021307 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to investigate children's eating habits based on different eating behaviors such as satiety responsiveness (SR), slowness in eating (SE), food fussiness (FF), food responsiveness (FR), enjoyment of food (EF), desire to drink (DD), emotional under-eating (EUE), and emotional over-eating (EOE). The main objective of this research was to investigate whether gender affects the eating habits of Nigerian school children.A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and June 2019. A total of 120 parents of school children participated in the study. The Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to collect data. The CEBQ is composed of 35 items and eight subscales.Based on the analysis of parents' reports, DD was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 7.086, P < .001; EOE was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 5.184, P < .001; EF was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 2.183, P < .001; FF was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 9.441, P < .001; and SR was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 7.323, P < .001. However, EUE was lower in boys than girls, t (118) = -4.339, P < .001; FR was lower in boys than girls, t(118) = -3.112, P < .001; SE was lower in boys than girls, t(118) = -3.832, P < .001; thus, gender had a significant influence on eating habits of the school children.Gender significantly affects the eating habits of Nigerian school children. Thus, gender is an important factor to be considered when aiming to improve the eating habits of Nigerian school children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiamaka Adaobi Chukwuone
- Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Ngozi Dimelu
- Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Vera Victor-Aigbodion
- Department of Educational Foundations
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthonia Ekanibe Onuorah
- Department of Guidance and Counselling, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
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Harrison AN, James Bateman CCB, Younger-Coleman NOM, Williams MC, Rocke KD, Clato-Day Scarlett SC, Chang SM. Disordered eating behaviours and attitudes among adolescents in a middle-income country. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1727-1737. [PMID: 31741253 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent-disordered eating behaviours and attitudes (DEBA) are noted to be increasing in prevalence internationally. The aim of this study was to explore the DEBAs among Jamaican adolescents and identify those adolescents most at risk. METHODS 521 high school participants (females, n = 292), ages 11-19 years, completed measures assessing socio-demographic factors, self-esteem, symptoms of anxiety and depression, behavioural factors, and anthropometry. Weight-related behaviours and attitudes were explored using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). RESULTS Thirty-one percent of participants reported engaging in at least one disordered eating behaviour, with bingeing as the most common. Female participants had significantly higher mean body mass index (p < 0.01) and mean EAT-26 score (p < 0.05) compared to males. Adolescents with EAT-26 score ≥ 20 were more desirous of being thinner (p < 0.01) and having a lighter skin complexion (p < 0.05). A greater proportion of adolescents with an EAT-26 score ≥ 20 had engaged in self-harm (p < 0.05), had smoked cigarettes (p < 0.05), had been sexually active (p < 0.01), and gave a history of sexual abuse (p < 0.01). Adolescents with overweight/obesity reported higher use of chemical weight manipulation (laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills) (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data are consistent with the global figures showing both male and female adolescents endorsing disordered eating behaviours and attitudes (DEBAs). While this study highlights weight and shape dissatisfaction and associated DEBAs, it also raises the concern of an association with skin bleaching and elevated EAT-26 scores among Jamaican adolescents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail N Harrison
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona, Jamaica.
| | - Caryl C B James Bateman
- Department of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, UWI, Mona, Jamaica
| | | | - Michelle C Williams
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona, Jamaica
| | - Kern D Rocke
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), UWI, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Stephanie C Clato-Day Scarlett
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona, Jamaica
| | - Susan M Chang
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), UWI, Mona, Jamaica
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Cohen E, Ndao A, Bernard JY, Gueye A, Duboz P, Macia E, Boëtsch G, Pasquet P, Holdsworth M, Gradidge PJL. Development and validation of the body shape scale (BOSHAS) for assessing body shape perception in African populations. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1562. [PMID: 33066748 PMCID: PMC7566052 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a consequence of ‘Western’ acculturation, eating disorders and body image disturbances, such as fatness phobia and body dysmorphic disorders towards musculature and body shape, are emerging in Africa, with young people the most affected. It is therefore important to accurately assess perceptions of body shape. However, the existing body image assessment scales lack sufficient accuracy and validity testing to compare body shape perception across different African populations. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Body Shape Scale (BOSHAS) to evaluate body shape perceptions related body image disorders in African populations. Methods To develop the BOSHAS, anthropometric measures of 80 Cameroonians and 81 Senegalese (both sexes included; 40.1% females overall) were taken for three body shape criteria: somatotype components, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio. Subjects were selected to cover a wide variability in body shape and were photographed in full face and profile positions. To validate the BOSHAS, the scale was administered twice (2 weeks apart) to 106 participants (aged 31.2 ± 12.6 years) to assess its reliability. In addition, a questionnaire measuring different aspects of body shape (e.g. musculature) was also administered (n = 597; aged 36.7 ± 15.6 years) to assess its convergent validity. Results The BOSHAS includes two sex-specific subscales of 10 photographs each. Most participants were able to repeat their BOSHAS preference order. Test-retest reliability was also consistent in estimating Current Body Shape (CBS), Desired Body Shape and Ideal Body Shape for participants and their partners. CBS was correlated with BMI, and different BOSHAS indices were consistent with declarations obtained by questionnaire. Conclusions The BOSHAS is the first sex-specific scale of real African models photographed in face and profile, including large body shape variability. The validation protocol showed good validity and reliability for evaluating body shape perceptions and dissatisfaction of Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cohen
- CNRS, UMR 7206 « Eco-anthropologie », Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR 7178 « Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN », Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. .,MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Amadou Ndao
- CNRS, UMR 8177, IIAC-LAIOS, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris, France.,Raum IG 551, Université de Francfort sur le Main, Institut Ethnologie, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Inserm, UMR 1153, Centre of research Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Early Determinants of Children's Health and Development (ORCHAD) team, Villejuif, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Amadoune Gueye
- CNRS, UMI 3189 « Environnement, Santé, Société », Faculté de Médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Priscilla Duboz
- CNRS, UMI 3189 « Environnement, Santé, Société », Faculté de Médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Enguerran Macia
- CNRS, UMI 3189 « Environnement, Santé, Société », Faculté de Médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Gilles Boëtsch
- CNRS, UMI 3189 « Environnement, Santé, Société », Faculté de Médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Patrick Pasquet
- CNRS, UMR 7206 « Eco-anthropologie », Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge
- Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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9
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Cohen E, Richter LM, Chidumwa G, Abdalla S, Weber AM, Darmstadt GL, Norris SA. Relationships Between Maternal Factors and Weight Loss Attempts Among Urban Male and Female Adolescents Living in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:S17-S24. [PMID: 31866033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE South Africa is undergoing rapid urban transition favoring ideals of thinness, which increases eating disorders risk for female adolescents, whereas older women continue to uphold corpulence as a female cultural value. This study aimed to assess the potential conflicting relationship between urban male and female adolescents' weight loss attempts (WLA) and maternal body image norms within households. METHODS The study included a longitudinal sample of mother-daughter and mother-son pairs from the Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort (N = 1,613), using data collected at 13, 17, and 22 years. Sociodemographic characteristics, eating attitudes, WLA, and body mass index were assessed in mothers and their offspring. Relationships between maternal factors and offspring's WLA were assessed using both logistic regression and structural equation modeling. RESULTS More females had WLA compared with their male counterparts at 13, 17, and 22 years. Multivariable models showed an independent positive association between maternal household socioeconomic status and boys' WLA at 13 years, whereas independent negative associations were found between mothers' body mass index and boys' WLA at 17 and 22 years. Mothers' age and sons' WLA at 22 years showed an independent positive association. No association was found between maternal factors and daughters' WLA. CONCLUSIONS Strong gender-differentiated intergenerational patterns were observed between maternal factors and offspring's WLA from early adolescence to early adulthood. The lack of relationship between maternal factors and daughters' behavior in contrast to that of sons suggests that Western acculturation may pose a greater risk for females to modern body image disturbances and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cohen
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Linda M Richter
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Glory Chidumwa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Safa Abdalla
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ann M Weber
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Gary L Darmstadt
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Şengör G, Gezer C. Food addiction and its relationship with disordered eating behaviours and obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:1031-1039. [PMID: 30850958 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Food addiction, eating disorders and obesity are all mutually reinforcing factors, or factors that can trigger each other. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between food addiction, disordered eating behaviours and obesity. METHODS The study was conducted with 370 university students. Food addiction was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and disordered eating behaviours were assessed with the Eating Attitude Test (EAT)-26. A digital scale was used to measure weight, while for the measurement of height, waist and hip circumferences a non-stretching tape measure was used according to standard techniques. RESULTS Among the participants, 35.7% scored high on the EAT-26, while 21.1% scored high on the YFAS. Females constituted a higher ratio of those who had high scores on the YFAS and EAT-26 (p < 0.05). Overall, the ratio of YFAS high scorers was higher in the case of EAT-26 high scorers (32.6%) than that of low scorers (14.7%) (p < 0.001). A positive weak relationship existed between YFAS and EAT-26 scores (r = 0.165, p = 0.001) and the same between YFAS scores, weight, and body mass index (r = 0.263, p < 0.001; r = 0.319, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION In summary, a positive relation was found between food addiction, disordered eating behaviours and body mass index. Females were shown to have a higher risk of food addiction and eating disorders than that of males. Further studies can be carried out to analyze these correlations using a wider range of controlling factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülhan Şengör
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gezer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
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Cohen E, Gradidge PJL, Micklesfield LK, Norris SA. Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Body Image Disturbances Among South African Mothers and Their Daughters Living in Soweto, Johannesburg. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2019; 42:140-149. [PMID: 30768479 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In South African families, a phenomenon of mothers' acceptance of stoutness coexists with their daughters' appreciation for thinness. A sample of N = 615 mother-and-daughter pairs was recruited to conjointly identify the relationships toward body image and body mass index between both groups by assessing body weight satisfaction, body esteem, and eating disorders risk. We observed higher prevalence of obesity in mothers and higher eating disorders risk in daughters, while mother-daughter relationships were identified for body mass index and psychometric dimensions. The high prevalence of obesity in mothers and their tolerance for stoutness could expose their daughters to eating disorders and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cohen
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa (Drs Cohen, Micklesfield, and Norris); and Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Wits Education Campus, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa (Dr Gradidge)
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Saleh RN, Salameh RA, Yhya HH, Sweileh WM. Disordered eating attitudes in female students of An-Najah National University: a cross-sectional study. J Eat Disord 2018; 6:16. [PMID: 30083319 PMCID: PMC6069992 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-018-0204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric disorders characterized by unhealthy eating habits. There is a limited number of studies on eating disorders among female university students in Arab countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes (EA) among female students at An-Najah National University, Palestine. METHODS A survey study on 2001 female students at An-Najah National University was carried out. The Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) screening questionnaire and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used. RESULTS Of the 2001 participants, 28.6% scored ≥ 20 on the EAT-26 while 38.2% scored ≥ 2 on the SCOFF scale. A significant positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and EAT-26 and SCOFF scores. There was a significant difference in EAT-26 (p < .01) and SCOFF scores (p = .037) between different academic specializations. Female students in non-scientific fields (arts and humanities) obtained higher scores than female students in scientific/medical fields. Age was significantly and negatively correlated with EAT-26 scores but not with SCOFF scores. Approximately 85% of students with scores in the "high risk" category of the EAT-26 scale endorsed the item "I am terrified about being overweight". CONCLUSION Awareness regarding appropriate nutrition in relation to body weight is needed among female university students. A general university elective course in this regard might be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad N Saleh
- 1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Razan A Salameh
- 1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Heba H Yhya
- 1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Waleed M Sweileh
- 2Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
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