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Babore GO, Eyesu Y, Mengistu D, Foga S, Heliso AZ, Ashine TM. Adherence to Infection Prevention Practice Standard Protocol and Associated Factors Among Healthcare Workers. GLOBAL JOURNAL ON QUALITY AND SAFETY IN HEALTHCARE 2024; 7:50-58. [PMID: 38725880 PMCID: PMC11077518 DOI: 10.36401/jqsh-23-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare-associated infection affects more than 100 million patients annually. Healthcare workers' poor adherence to standard infection prevention and control procedures can result in many negative consequences, ranging from disability to death. Methods A facility-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2021 among 379 healthcare workers selected using a stratified random sampling technique. All types of healthcare providers except pharmacy professionals were included in the study. Standardization and validation of the study tool were performed ahead of data collection. Multivariable regression was used to assess the variables associated with adherence. Results The study found that 60.2% of healthcare workers (95% CI, 55.1-65.2) had good adherence to infection prevention practices, and 68.7% and good knowledge of infection prevention practices. Training on infection prevention methods (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.04-2.72), availability of water supply at hand washing station (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI, 1.62-5.31), and attitude toward infection prevention (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI, 1.65-4.24) were identified as predictors of adherence to infection prevention and control procedures. Conclusion More than half of the participants had good adherence to infection prevention guideline practices. In-service infection prevention training, a consistent water supply at the hand washing station, and a positive attitude of participants were associated with good adherence to infection prevention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Ossabo Babore
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Yaregal Eyesu
- Department of Adult, Health Nursing, Addis Ababa Medical and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Mengistu
- Department of Nursing, Addis Ababa University College of Medicine and Health Science, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Foga
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Asnakech Zekiwos Heliso
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Taye Mezgebu Ashine
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
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Yilma M, Taye G, Abebe W. Magnitude of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in health facilities of Low and Middle Income Countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302282. [PMID: 38687766 PMCID: PMC11060540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard precautions are the minimum standard of infection control to prevent transmission of infectious agents, protect healthcare workers, patients, and visitors regardless of infection status. The consistent implementation of standard precautions is highly effective in reducing transmission of pathogens that cause HAIs. Despite their effectiveness, compliance, resources, patient behavior, and time constraints are some of the challenges that can arise when implementing standard precautions. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to show the pooled prevalence of safe standard precaution practices among healthcare workers in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for this study. We systematically searched observational study articles from PubMed Central and Google Scholar. We included articles published any year and involving healthcare workers. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. The meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias (funnel plot, and Egger's tests) were conducted. RESULTS A total of 46 articles were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was 53%, with a 95% CI of (47, 59). These studies had a total sample size of 14061 with a minimum sample size of 17 and a maximum sample size of 2086. The majority of the studies (82.6%) were conducted in hospitals only (all kinds), and the remaining 17.4% were conducted in all health facilities, including hospitals. CONCLUSIONS The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was suboptimal. The findings of this study can have substantial implication for healthcare practice and policy making by providing robust evidence with synthesized and pooled evidence from multiple studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on PROSPERO with record ID: CRD42023395129, on the 9th Feb. 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu Yilma
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Taye
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Workeabeba Abebe
- School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Lompo P, Heroes AS, Ouédraogo K, Okitale P, Wakpo A, Kalema J, Lunguya O, Tinto H, Affolabi D, Sangaré L, Jacobs J. Knowledge, awareness, and risk practices related to bacterial contamination of antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products among healthcare workers in sub-saharan Africa: a cross-sectional survey in three tertiary care hospitals (Benin, Burkina Faso, and DR Congo). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:44. [PMID: 38627805 PMCID: PMC11020199 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products can be contaminated with bacteria and cause healthcare-associated infections, which are underreported from low- and middle-income countries. To better understand the user-related risk factors, we conducted a knowledge, awareness, and practice survey among hospital staff in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Self-administered questionnaire distributed among healthcare workers in three tertiary care hospitals (Burkina Faso, Benin, Democratic Republic of the Congo). RESULTS 617 healthcare workers (85.3% (para)medical and 14.7% auxiliary staff) participated. Less than half (45.5%) had been trained in Infection Prevention & Control (IPC), and only 15.7% were trained < 1 year ago. Near two-thirds (64.2%) preferred liquid soap for hand hygiene, versus 33.1% for alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR). Most (58.3%) expressed confidence in the locally available products. Knowledge of product categories, storage conditions and shelf-life was inadequate: eosin was considered as an antiseptic (47.5% of (para)medical staff), the shelf life and storage conditions (non-transparent container) of freshly prepared chlorine 0.5% were known by only 42.6% and 34.8% of participants, respectively. Approximately one-third of participants approved using tap water for preparation of chlorine 0.5% and liquid soap. Most participants (> 80%) disapproved recycling soft-drink bottles as liquid soap containers. Nearly two-thirds (65.0%) declared that bacteria may be resistant to and survive in ABHR, versus 51.0% and 37.4% for povidone iodine and chlorine 0.5%, respectively. Depicted risk practices (n = 4) were ignored by 30 to 40% of participants: they included touching the rim or content of stock containers with compresses or small containers, storing of cotton balls soaked in an antiseptic, and hand-touching the spout of pump dispenser. Filling containers by topping-up was considered good practice by 18.3% of participants. Half (52.1%) of participants acknowledged indefinite reuse of containers. Besides small differences, the findings were similar across the study sites and professional groups. Among IPC-trained staff, proportions recognizing all 4 risk practices were higher compared to non-trained staff (35.9% versus 23.8%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The present findings can guide tailored training and IPC implementation at the healthcare facility and national levels, and sensitize stakeholders' and funders' interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palpouguini Lompo
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Ouagadougou, 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22, Box 5401, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Sophie Heroes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22, Box 5401, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Kadija Ouédraogo
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Ouagadougou, 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso
| | - Patient Okitale
- Département de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, BP 127, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Abel Wakpo
- Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, 01 BP 386, Benin
| | - Jocelyne Kalema
- Département de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, BP 127, Kinshasa, Congo
- Département de Microbiologie, National Institute of Biomedical Research, Av. De la Démocratie N°5345, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Octavie Lunguya
- Département de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, BP 127, Kinshasa, Congo
- Département de Microbiologie, National Institute of Biomedical Research, Av. De la Démocratie N°5345, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Ouagadougou, 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso
| | - Dissou Affolabi
- Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, 01 BP 386, Benin
| | - Lassana Sangaré
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7022, Burkina Faso
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22, Box 5401, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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Falana ROA, Ogidan OC, Fajemilehin BR. Barriers to infection prevention and control implementation in selected healthcare facilities in Nigeria. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104877. [PMID: 38395258 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While infection prevention and control are of paramount importance, up until recently an assessment of implementation challenges and performance gaps was lacking. This study explored the barriers to infection prevention and control implementation at selected healthcare facilities, the objective being to find ways to improve their programs. MATERIAL AND METHOD A qualitative approach was applied. Purposive sampling was used to select thirty-three healthcare facilities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. They were globally assessed, and an Infection Prevention and Control team, represented by the Infection Prevention and Control referent in each of the selected facilities trained the participants. Data were collected using the Key Informant Interview Guide and analyzed by means of content and thematic analyses using Atlas.ti software. RESULTS Inadequate infection prevention and control materials, poor waste management, non-compliance of patients with infection prevention and control protocols, and poor infrastructure were identified as major barriers to infection prevention and control implementation. CONCLUSION The study concluded that a number of identified factors hindering infection prevention and control implementation in healthcare facilities in Ekiti State needed to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael O A Falana
- Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwakemi C Ogidan
- Department of Nursing Science, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Mudenda S, Chizimu J, Chabalenge B, Kasanga M, Matafwali SK, Daka V, Yamba K, Mulomba M, Mufwambi W, Katowa-Mukwato P, Godman B. Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward infection prevention and control among undergraduate pharmacy students in Zambia: findings and implications. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e154. [PMID: 37771733 PMCID: PMC10523556 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are critical in preventing the risk of acquiring and transmitting nosocomial infections. In Zambia, there is little information concerning IPC practices among pharmacy students who are exposed to potentially infectious areas both in public and private healthcare settings. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of undergraduate pharmacy students toward infection prevention and control at the University of Zambia. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia using a structured questionnaire from August 2022 to October 2022. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, and statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence level. Results Of the 290 participants, 166(57.2%) were female and the majority were aged between 18 and 23 years. Overall, 252(86.9%) had good knowledge, 167(57.6%) had positive attitudes, and 248(85.5%) had good practices toward IPC measures. These results indicate lower attitude scores compared to knowledge and practices. Having good knowledge of IPC was associated with being a Christian by religion compared to other religions (OR = 5.314, 95% CI: 1.141-24.745). There was no association between sociodemographics and attitude and practice concerning IPC. Conclusion This study found that pharmacy students had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices toward IPC measures. Consequently, more emphasis is needed to improve the student's knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward IPC, especially in areas where gaps were identified. Additionally, there is a need to improve curricula on IPC measures in the training of pharmacy programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee (AMRCC), Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joseph Chizimu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee (AMRCC), Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Maisa Kasanga
- Zhengzhou University, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Scott Kaba Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Kaunda Yamba
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee (AMRCC), Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Margret Mulomba
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Webrod Mufwambi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patricia Katowa-Mukwato
- Department of Basic and Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Pruss A, Kwiatkowski P, Masiuk H, Bilska I, Giedrys-Kalemba S, Dołęgowska B. Epidemiological Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Outbreak in a Neonatal Clinic in Poland. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010050. [PMID: 36671251 PMCID: PMC9855008 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common etiological agents isolated from epidemic outbreaks in neonatal wards. We describe how an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) outbreak in a neonatal ward was extinguished. During the outbreak, which lasted over two months, 26 neonates were tested for K. pneumoniae, and 42 environmental swabs were taken. Drug susceptibility was determined for the isolated strains, and their virulence and phylogenetic similarity were checked. ESBL-KP colonization was confirmed in 18 neonates, and six were also confirmed to be infected. All strains isolated from patients represented one clonal type, K. pneumoniae. One strain isolated from an environmental source was determined to be a unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern. Gestational age and Apgar score were assessed as statistically significant for neonates with ESBL-KP infection. The epidemiological measures taken have been successful, and no further cases appeared. Immediate tightening of hospital hygiene rules, screening of all hospitalized neonates, and cohorting ESBL-KP-positive patients proved effective in controlling and ending the outbreak. The lack of ESBL-KP in the environment suggests that the outbreak was transmitted by colonized hospital staff. This theory could be confirmed by introducing mandatory screening for medical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Pruss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-16-55
| | - Helena Masiuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Bilska
- Microbiological Laboratory, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Stefania Giedrys-Kalemba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Al Qadire M, Ballad CAC, Aljezawi M, Al Omari O, Alaloul F, Musa A, Al Sabei S, Khalaf A. Nurses' knowledge of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and its management: a cross-sectional survey. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04140-9. [PMID: 35819525 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess nurses' level of knowledge of CIN and its association with socio-demographic factors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 34.1 years (SD = 7.1 years) and were predominantly female (78%) and with a bachelor's degree in nursing (95.6%). The nurses had a moderate level of knowledge about neutropenia and its management (mean total score 16.3 out of 30, SD = 3.7). Those who had a post-graduate degree (P = .048), had received an oncology educational course (P = .011), had attended a course on neutropenia (P = .007), who were working in an oncology unit (P = .002), and had more oncology experience (P = 001) were more likely to have a higher level of knowledge of CIN and its management compared to their other counterparts. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of a moderate level of knowledge of CIN among nurses, the findings call for the need for further education and training. As a long-term plan, this might be accomplished by encouraging nurses to pursue post-graduate education or oncology-specialized certification and supporting them with scholarship grants. However, deliberate plans for short courses, training and workshops on oncology or CIN are other choices with a more immediate impact on nurses' knowledge and clinical practice. Finally, integrating oncology nursing education within nursing curricula is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Qadire
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, P.O. Box 66, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.,Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O. Box 130040, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan
| | - Cherry Ann C Ballad
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, P.O. Box 66, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ma'en Aljezawi
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, P.O. Box 66, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.,Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O. Box 130040, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan
| | - Omar Al Omari
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, P.O. Box 66, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fawwaz Alaloul
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, P.O. Box 66, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmad Musa
- Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O. Box 130040, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan
| | - Sulaiman Al Sabei
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, P.O. Box 66, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Atika Khalaf
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, P.O. Box 66, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Elmetorpsvägen 15, 291 88, Kristianstad, SE, Sweden.
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Gulia S, Kaur K, Devi S, Singh S, Rohilla KK. Nurses in NICUs' views on nosocomial infection prevention. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:158. [PMID: 35847150 PMCID: PMC9277762 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1019_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic infection control measures are required in India's health-care setting in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) to lower the prevalence of hospital-associated infections. The aim of the present study was to assess practices followed by nurses of NICUs for nosocomial infection prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January to February 2020, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants in the study were chosen by total enumeration sampling technique, i.e., 60 nurses were included in this study who working in tertiary care institutions, India. The study respondents' knowledge and practice for nosocomial infection control strategies were assessed by using a 30-item and 27-item questionnaires, respectively. SPSS (version 23.0) was used to analyze the data collected. RESULTS Results showed that all nurses (100%) were females, belongs to the age group of 26-35 years (82%), hold professional qualifications (34%) in GNM as well as post basic BSc nursing, married (72%), had 1-5 years of professional experience (66%), and working in the NICUs for 1-3 years (74%). Most of nurses (55%) had never attended any session on nosocomial infection prevention. Nurses of NICUs (70%) had just a moderate degree of understanding on nosocomial infection prevention. Nurses' practice showed good practise (60%) for nosocomial infection prevention in NICUs. CONCLUSIONS The necessity to adopt health-care policy about nosocomial infections and execution of regular training program to upgrade and refresh nurses' knowledge and practices regarding for nosocomial infection control measures is indicated to fill gap among knowledge and practices concerning nosocomial infection control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gulia
- Department of Obstetrical Nursing, College of Nursing, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Kaur
- Department of Obstetrical Nursing, College of Nursing, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shankuntala Devi
- Department of Obstetrical Nursing, College of Nursing, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kusum K. Rohilla
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Arruum D, Novieastari E, Gayatri D, Ayu NMS. The Factors Impacting Nurses Awareness on Prevention Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are significant causes of illness and mortality, and nurses are healthcare professionals with the most consistent contact with patients, therefore nurses need to possess adequate knowledge, and awareness.
Aim: this study aim to analyze factors impacting nurses' awareness of the prevention of HAIs, such as their knowledge, attitude, and practice compliance.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted from the sources of data collection, namely Proquest, Science Direct, Pubmed, and Google Scholar from 2011-2020, with English guidelines used to review the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.
Results: Data were obtained through a questionnaire survey, direct observation, and self-report from 4329 nurses with a total of 12 inclusion criteria. The result showed that a significant number of nurses do not possess an acceptable level of knowledge and practice, although nurses have a positive attitude. Hand hygiene and the other protective personal equipment need to be used by nurses and other health personal to prevent Urinary Tract Infection, respiratory, and Surgical Site Infection in the hospital.
Conclusion: nurses need to possess the right knowledge, attitude, and guidelines. Standard precaution is important for patient safety management, nurses need to be adequately trained to increase awareness.
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Govender R, Naidoo S. A comparison of knowledge and practices of universal precautions among public sector health care workers in Ugu north sub-district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2010-2014). S Afr J Infect Dis 2021; 35:162. [PMID: 34485476 PMCID: PMC8377797 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v35i1.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annually, there are a high number of needlestick injuries (NSIs) among health care workers (HCWs) globally. The knowledge and practice of HCWs of universal precautions (UPs) play an important role in determining the risk of an NSI. The objective of this study was to compare the knowledge and practices of UPs among HCWs with NSIs with HCWs without NSIs, in Ugu north sub-district in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, between 2010 and 2014. Methods A study among HCWs having an NSI (n = 100) between 2010 and 2014 compared with controls (n = 200) was conducted in 2016–2017 at a district hospital and 11 primary health care facilities in Ugu north sub-district, KZN, South Africa. Health care workers’ knowledge and practices of UPs were assessed by using a standardised questionnaire. Knowledge and practice responses were scored, and means and standard deviations (SDs) were calculated. Total scores of knowledge and practices were categorised into acceptable and unacceptable, and a binary logistic model was used to identify independent factors associated with being a case. The accepted level of significance was 0.05. Results The majority of the participants were nurses (n = 233; 77.7%) and female (n = 227; 75.7%). Control HCWs had better practice scores for UPs (86.13%; SD: 16.57) compared with cases (82.43%; SD: 19.98). The logistic regression analysis showed that the HCWs with acceptable knowledge and unacceptable practice were more likely to have had an NSI (odds ratio [OR]: 5.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–24.0). Conclusion There were significant differences between cases and controls with respect to knowledge and practice of UPs that are important findings for workplace health and safety and HCW training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Govender
- Ugu Health District, KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Department of Health, KwaZulu-Natal, Port Shepstone, South Africa.,Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saloshni Naidoo
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Knowledge on Infection Prevention and Control and associated factors among undergraduate health professional students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255984. [PMID: 34375364 PMCID: PMC8354462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To practice adequate Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures, health professional students need to have adequate knowledge of IPC. In this study, we assessed the knowledge of health professional students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences on Infection Prevention and Control. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among health professional students studying at Makerere University College of Health Sciences located in Kampala, Uganda. An adapted questionnaire was used to measure knowledge on Infection Prevention and Control among students. Results A total of 202 health professional students were included in the study. The mean age was 24.43 years. Majority were male 63.37% (n = 128), from the school of medicine 70.79% (n = 143) and used one source of information for IPC 49.50% (n = 100). Being in year three (Adjusted coefficient, 6.08; 95% CI, 2.04–10.13; p-value = 0.003), year four (Adjusted coefficient, 10.87; 95% CI, 6.91–14.84; p < 0.001) and year five (Adjusted coefficient, 8.61; 95% CI, 4.45–12.78; p < 0.001) were associated with a higher mean in total percentage score of knowledge on IPC compared to being in year one. Conclusion IPC knowledge was good among health professional students in Makerere University although more emphasis is needed to improve on their IPC knowledge in various sections like hand hygiene. Infection Prevention and Control courses can be taught to these students starting from their first year of university education.
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Patel LN, Kozikott S, Ilboudo R, Kamateeka M, Lamorde M, Subah M, Tsiouris F, Vorndran A, Lee CT. Safer primary healthcare facilities are needed to protect healthcare workers and maintain essential services: lessons learned from a multicountry COVID-19 emergency response initiative. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e005833. [PMID: 34083244 PMCID: PMC8182752 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2 and other disease pathogens, which take a disproportionate toll on HCWs, with substantial cost to health systems. Improved infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes can protect HCWs, especially in resource-limited settings where the health workforce is scarcest, and ensure patient safety and continuity of essential health services. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we collaborated with ministries of health and development partners to implement an emergency initiative for HCWs at the primary health facility level in 22 African countries. Between April 2020 and January 2021, the initiative trained 42 058 front-line HCWs from 8444 health facilities, supported longitudinal supervision and monitoring visits guided by a standardised monitoring tool, and provided resources including personal protective equipment (PPE). We documented significant short-term improvements in IPC performance, but gaps remain. Suspected HCW infections peaked at 41.5% among HCWs screened at monitored facilities in July 2020 during the first wave of the pandemic in Africa. Disease-specific emergency responses are not the optimal approach. Comprehensive, sustainable IPC programmes are needed. IPC needs to be incorporated into all HCW training programmes and combined with supportive supervision and mentorship. Strengthened data systems on IPC are needed to guide improvements at the health facility level and to inform policy development at the national level, along with investments in infrastructure and sustainable supplies of PPE. Multimodal strategies to improve IPC are critical to make health facilities safer and to protect HCWs and the communities they serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena N Patel
- Prevent Epidemics, Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Kozikott
- Prevent Epidemics, Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rodrigue Ilboudo
- The Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Moreen Kamateeka
- Nigeria Country Office, African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Lamorde
- Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), McKinnell Knowledge Center, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Marion Subah
- Liberia Country Office, Last Mile Health, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Fatima Tsiouris
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Vorndran
- Infection Control Africa Network, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher T Lee
- Prevent Epidemics, Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, New York, USA
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Akudjedu TN, Botwe BO, Wuni AR, Mishio NA. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice in low resource settings: The Ghanaian radiographers' perspective. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 27:443-452. [PMID: 33168371 PMCID: PMC7590818 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the professional practice of all healthcare workers, including radiographers. In the pandemic, clinical practice of radiographers was centred mostly on chest imaging of COVID-19 patients and radiotherapy treatment care delivery to those with cancer. This study aimed to assess the radiographers' perspective on the impact of the pandemic on their wellbeing and imaging service delivery in Ghana. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of practising radiographers in Ghana was conducted online from March 26th to May 6th, 2020. A previously validated questionnaire that sought information regarding demographics, general perspectives on personal and professional impact of the pandemic was used as the research instrument. Data obtained was analysed using Microsoft Excel® 2016. RESULTS A response rate of 57.3% (134/234) was obtained. Of the respondents, 75.4% (n = 101) reported to have started experiencing high levels of workplace-related stress after the outbreak. Three-quarters (n = 98, 73.1%) of respondents reported limited access to any form of psychosocial support systems at work during the study period. Half (n = 67, 50%) of the respondents reported a decline in general workload during the study period while only a minority (n = 18, 13.4%) reported an increase in workload due to COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSION This national survey indicated that majority of the workforce started experiencing coronavirus-specific workplace-related stress after the outbreak. Albeit speculative, low patient confidence and fear of contracting the COVID-19 infection on hospital attendance contributed to the decline in general workload during the study period. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In order to mitigate the burden of workplace-related stress on frontline workers, including radiographers, and in keeping to standard practices for staff mental wellbeing and patient safety, institutional support structures are necessary in similar future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging & Visualisation, Department of Medical Science & Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, UK.
| | - B O Botwe
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box KB143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - A-R Wuni
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - N A Mishio
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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KUMAR ARVIND, KERI VISHAKHC, KHAN MAROOFAHMAD, RANJAN PIYUSH, RASTOGI NEHA, SAHU MONALISA, WIG NAVEET. Assessment of healthcare worker's hand hygiene and infection prevention practices of their personal belongings in a healthcare setting: a survey in pre COVID-19 era and literature review on standard disinfection practices. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E104-E109. [PMID: 34322624 PMCID: PMC8283623 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.1.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers’ (HCW) hands and personnel belongings are vehicles of transmission of nosocomial infections. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene have been extensively studied suggesting adequate knowledge but poor compliance. Similar data on aprons, mobile phone and stethoscope disinfection practices are lacking. This becomes an extensively important topic of discussion in current COVID-19 pandemic where inadequacy in hygiene practices is devastating. Aim To study the knowledge, attitude, and infection prevention practices of HCWs aprons, electronic devices, stethoscopes, and hands. Methods A cross sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among HCWs of Medicine ward and ICU. Results Sixty-six HCWs responded to the survey. Awareness that hands, aprons, mobile phones, stethoscopes could cause cross transmission and knowledge of correct practices was present in majority of the respondents. Hand hygiene was performed by 65.2% of the respondents before touching a patient and 54.5% after touching the patient surroundings while 13.6% performed only when it was visibly soiled. Mobile phones and stethoscopes were disinfected by 13.6 and 30.3% of the respondents after each patient encounter, respectively. Aprons were washed after using them at a stretch for a median duration of 5 days (1-30 days). Forgetfulness, lack of reinforcement, lack of time, inadequate awareness on standard disinfection practices and fear of damaging electronic devices from disinfectants use were reasons for poor compliance. Conclusions There is an urgent need to spread awareness and formulate standard guidelines on disinfection practices especially for mobile phones, stethoscopes, and aprons in addition to reinforcing hand hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - VISHAKH C. KERI
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
- Correspondence: Vishakh C. Keri, Senior Resident, Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi - Tel.: 8073067525 - E-mail:
| | | | | | - NEHA RASTOGI
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
| | - MONALISA SAHU
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
| | - NAVEET WIG
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi
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Wu W, Wang W, Yuan Y, Lin L, Tan Y, Yang J, Dai L, Wang Y. Knowledge, attitude and practice concerning healthcare-associated infections among healthcare workers in Wuhan, China: cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042333. [PMID: 33402407 PMCID: PMC7786794 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) concerning healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) among healthcare givers and to identify the factors influencing KAP. DESIGN This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING Two public hospitals in Wuhan, central China. PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited among healthcare workers (HCWs) of one general hospital and one children's hospital in Wuhan city between 1 June and 30 September 2019. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes were KAPs concerning HAIs. RESULTS Data from 455 HCWs were included in the final data analysis. The mean scores of KAP and total KAP were 15.67±3.32, 25.00±2.75, 43.44±5.15 and 84.76±6.72, respectively. The following factors were significantly associated with the total KAP score concerning HAIs, explaining 61% of the variance (p<0.001): gender (β=2.36, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.40), age (β=6.65, 95% CI 5.07 to 7.74), position (β=7.02, 95% CI 3.88 to 8.45), type of employment (β=-1.08, 95% CI -2.08 to -0.07), with HAI education within last year (β=-2.98, 95% CI -4.23 to -1.72), with invasive operation authority (β=-4.22, 95% CI -5.46 to -2.99), antibacterial drug training (β=-4.38, 95% CI -5.45 to -3.31) and with antibacterial drug training and clinical consultation (β=-4.35, 95% CI -5.38 to -3.32). CONCLUSION The controllable factors identified in this study can be used by hospital managers to implement measures that improve KAP among HCWs. Moreover, these measures should be customised, based on uncontrollable factors to suit the specific characteristics of medical staff and to improve KAP. Training programmes should be designed for medical workers to increase their awareness of HAIs and to foster positive attitudes and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wu
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Likai Lin
- Institute of Hospital Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yibin Tan
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinru Yang
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Demilew YM, Alene GD, Belachew T. Effects of guided counseling during pregnancy on birth weight of newborns in West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:466. [PMID: 33023521 PMCID: PMC7542400 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high proportion of birth weight in Ethiopia is hypothesized to be due to inadequate maternal diet which is associated with poor nutrition education during pregnancy. There was no study that evaluated the effect of nutrition education on birth weight in the study area. This study aimed to assess the effects (overall, direct and indirect effects) of guided counseling on the birth weight of neonates. Methods A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled community trial was conducted from May 1, 2018, to April 30, 2019, in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. At the baseline, 346 pregnant women in the 11 intervention clusters and 348 pregnant women in the 11 control clusters were recruited. However, birth weight was measured from 258 and 272 newborns in the intervention and control groups, respectively. In the intervention group, counseling was given monthly for four consecutive months in the participant’s homes. Besides, leaflets with key counseling messages were distributed to each woman in the intervention arm. Pregnant women who attended routine nutrition education given by the health system were recruited as control. Dietary practice, nutritional status, and birth weight were the primary, secondary and tertiary outcomes of this intervention. Data were collected using a structured data collection tool. Birth weight was measured within 48 h after birth. Independent sample t-test, linear mixed-effects model, and path analysis were fitted to assess effects of the intervention. Results The intra-cluster correlation coefficient was 0.095. The average birth weight of newborns in the intervention group was 0.257 kg higher compared with their counterparts in the control arm (β = 0.257, P < 0.001). The direct effect of this intervention on birth weight was 0.17 (β = 0.17, P<0.001 ) whereas the indirect effect of this intervention was 0.08 (β = 0.08, P<0.001 ). Conclusion Counseling using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior has a positive effect on improving birth weight. The findings suggest the need for enhancing nutrition education of pregnant women through the application of theories to improve birth weight. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT03627156, “Retrospectively registered Jun, 13, 2018”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshalem Mulugeta Demilew
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Getu Degu Alene
- Department of Biostatics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University
- , P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Meneguin S, Torres EA, Pollo CF. Fatores associados à infecção por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina em unidade de terapia intensiva. Rev Bras Enferm 2020; 73:e20190483. [PMID: 32901736 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to compare them with a control group. METHODS Retrospective case-control study carried out in an adult ICU, from January 2015 to June 2017, with 61 patients who developed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection and the same number of control patients. RESULTS Most participants were male 65 (60.6%), with a neurological diagnosis 43 (35.2%) and hypertensive 61 (50.0%). In the comparison of the groups, there was a statistically significant difference in relation to mechanical ventilation (p=0.0107), tracheostomy (p=0.0083), death (p=0.0401), urinary catheter (p=0.0420), length of stay (p<0.0001) and severity (p=0.0003). The main factors associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection were: severity (OR= 65.69; CI=3.726-4.808; p=0.0018), use of antimicrobials (OR= 0.047;CI=0.028-0.122;p=0.0024), length of stay (OR=1.19; CI=0.952-1.031; p=0.0285). CONCLUSION methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is multifactorial and has been associated with length of stay and severity. Use of antimicrobials was a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmara Meneguin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho. Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Akudjedu TN, Lawal O, Sharma M, Elliott J, Stewart S, Gilleece T, McFadden S, Franklin JM. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiography practice: findings from a UK radiography workforce survey. BJR Open 2020; 2:20200023. [PMID: 33178980 PMCID: PMC7583354 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Radiographers are key patient-facing healthcare professionals involved in many aspects of patient care. The working patterns and professional practice of the radiography workforce (RW) has been altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This survey aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on radiography practice in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS An online cross-sectional survey of the UK RW was performed (March 25th to April 26th, 2020). The survey sought information regarding 1. Demographics 2. Impact of the pandemic on professional practice 3. Infection prevention/control and 4. COVID-19 related stress. Data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (v.26). RESULTS A total of 522 responses were received, comprising n = 412 (78.9%) diagnostic and n = 110 (21.1%) therapeutic RW categories from across the UK. 12.5% (65/522) of the respondents were redeployed. Redeployment did not appear to contribute (p = 0.31) to work-related stress. However, fear of contracting the infection and perceived inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) were identified as key contributors to stress during the study period. Compared to the therapeutic RW, a significantly higher proportion of the diagnostic RW identified fear of being infected as a major stressor (166/412 (40.3%) vs 30/110 (27.3%), p = 0.01). CONCLUSION This survey has demonstrated changes to clinical practice, in particular to working patterns, service delivery and infection prevention and control were key contributors to workplace-related stress during the pandemic. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Timely and adequate staff training and availability of PPE as well as psychosocial support during future pandemics would enhance quality patient and staff safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus N Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging & Visualisation, Department of Medical Science & Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Olanrewaju Lawal
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Meera Sharma
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Jason Elliott
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sharon Stewart
- Department of Podiatry and Radiography, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Terri Gilleece
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Ulster, UK
| | - Sonyia McFadden
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Ulster, UK
| | - James M Franklin
- Institute of Medical Imaging & Visualisation, Department of Medical Science & Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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Assefa J, Diress Alen G, Adane S. Infection prevention knowledge, practice, and its associated factors among healthcare providers in primary healthcare unit of Wogdie District, Northeast Ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:136. [PMID: 32807230 PMCID: PMC7433044 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate knowledge and safe practice of infection prevention among healthcare providers are vital to prevent nosocomial infections. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and practices of healthcare providers towards infection prevention and its associated factors in the health facilities of Wogdie District, Northern Ethiopia. METHODS Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 healthcare providers who were selected by a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with knowledge and practice of infection prevention. RESULT About 70.8 and 55.0% of healthcare providers had adequate knowledge and safe practice of infection prevention respectively. Having infection prevention guideline (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI; 1.26, 10.54), taking infection prevention training (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI; 1.01, 4.75), having five years or more work experience (AOR = 1.52:95%CI; 1.13, 4.51), and working in maternity unit (AOR = 1.67:95%CI; 1.38-5.23) were positively associated with adequate knowledge of infection prevention. The odds of safe practice were higher in participants who received infection prevention training (AOR: 2.4; 95% CI; 1.01, 4.75) but lower among healthcare providers who are working in the facility which has no continuous water supply (AOR = 0.48:95% CI; 0.21, 0.83). CONCLUSION A significant proportion of healthcare providers had inadequate knowledge and unsafe practice of infection prevention. To improve healthcare worker's knowledge of infection prevention, adequate pre-service as well as on job training should be given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gedefaw Diress Alen
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Seteamlak Adane
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Paul E, Alzaydani Asiri IA, Al-Hakami A, Chandramoorthy HC, Alshehri S, Beynon CM, Alkahtani AM, Asiri AH. Healthcare workers' perspectives on healthcare-associated infections and infection control practices: a video-reflexive ethnography study in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:110. [PMID: 32678049 PMCID: PMC7363991 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global public health problem. For the fulfillment of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, the promotion of preventive care medicine through HAI management is a crucial issue. This study explores the perspectives of Saudi tertiary healthcare workers (HCWs) on HAIs and infection control measures. Methods Quantitative data were assessed to determine HCWs’ knowledge of HAI and their attitudes towards and practice of infection control measures. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data from 40 doctors and nurses. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Further, routine sterile procedures in the wards and intensive care units were video recorded, and the footage was discussed by the infection control team and the personnel involved in the videos. This discussion was videographed and transcribed. Both interview data and reflective discussion of the video were analysed using thematic analysis. The quantitative data were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and logistic regression analysis. Results Kruskal–Wallis test revealed no difference in mean knowledge, attitude, or practice scores between nurses/ doctors or the genders. There was a significant difference in knowledge score and practice scores between the Intensive care unit & the Paediatric ward /infection control department with the maximum scores in knowledge and practice among participants from the intensive care unit. Logistic regression analysis for dependent variables (knowledge and attitude) and independent variables like age, gender, designation, and departments was not significant. The qualitative data yielded four themes: knowledge of HAI and infection control, infection control measures in practice, a shortfall in infection control measures and HAI, and required implementation. Video-reflexive ethnography (VRE) revealed lapses in handwashing practice and proper usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), especially surgical masks. Conclusion Early introduction of training programmes in medical and nursing schools and video demonstrations of appropriate infection control practices during sterile procedures would be highly beneficial to HCWs. A possible reason for the outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus in this part of Saudi Arabia could be a lapse in PPE usage. Intensive training programs for all the HCWs, strict vigilant protocols, and a willingness to change behaviour and practice, will significantly benefit the spread of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Paul
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology and Stem cell unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, PO Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim A Alzaydani Asiri
- Department of Paediatrics, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, 62521 Emirate Al Shifa, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Hakami
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology and Stem cell unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, PO Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harish C Chandramoorthy
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology and Stem cell unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, PO Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alshehri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, PO. Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - C M Beynon
- Honorary Lecturer, Laureate International Universities, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alkahtani
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology and Stem cell unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, PO Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Asiri
- Department of Paediatrics, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, 62521 Emirate Al Shifa, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Prihatiningsih S, Fajar JK, Tamara F, Mahendra AI, Rizqiansyah CY, Adianingsih OR, Suwandi T. Risk factors of tuberculosis infection among health care workers: A meta-analysis. Indian J Tuberc 2020; 67:121-129. [PMID: 32192605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Health care workers (HCWs) are globally known to have high risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection while risk factors of TB infections among HCWs are still inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To perform a meta-analysis in effort to identify risk factors of TB infection among HCWs. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted between February and July 2019. Papers were searched in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of science and information of interest were extracted. The correlation and effect estimation were analyzed using random or fixed effect model. RESULTS A total of 12 studies consisting of 2871 cases and 15,673 controls were included and six risk factors were available for meta-analysis. Cumulative calculation found that age, working duration, and types of job were significant risk factor of TB infection while gender, active TB contact, and types of workplace were not associated significantly with TB infection among HCWs. Our pooled data revealed that decreased risk of TB infection was observed in age less than 30 years (age < 30 years vs. age ≥ 30 years) and working duration less than five years (working duration < 5 years vs. ≥5 years). Being more than 40 years, working more than 10 years, and being physicians increased the risk of TB infection significantly compared to age ≤40 years, working duration ≤10 years, and other job types, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis has identified the significant risk factors of TB infection among HCWs. Our results may be useful for establishing future TB prevention program among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Septyani Prihatiningsih
- Division of Occupational Health and Safety, Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia.
| | - Jonny Karunia Fajar
- Rumah Sakit Islam Hasanah Muhammadiyah Mojokerto, 61313, Indonesia; Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - Fredo Tamara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Indra Mahendra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Tjipto Suwandi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
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Khan NB, Charles CR, Naidoo N, Nokubonga A, Mkhwanazi NA, Moustache HMTE. Infection prevention and control measures in audiology practice within public healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2019; 66:e1-e14. [PMID: 31793311 PMCID: PMC6890568 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v66i1.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Audiologists have a clinical and ethical responsibility to create a working environment, designed to reduce the potential for cross-contamination or transmission of infections. OBJECTIVES To describe the infection prevention and control (IPC) measures utilised and the opinions of audiologists and speech therapists, and audiologists (A/STAs) towards IPC in public healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. METHOD A quantitative, descriptive survey was utilised and entailed completing an online questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha (0.82) indicated good internal consistency of the tool. Forty-nine A/STAs from 29 public healthcare facilities responded. RESULTS Most participants (82%) followed a generic Department of Health policy on IPC, while 67% alluded to a discipline-specific policy. Participants had received training in infection control but indicated that further instruction was required for audiology-specific infection control procedures. Only 57% indicated that they 'sometimes' wore gloves with every patient during direct clinical contact. An association between the healthcare facility level and the wearing of gloves was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.025). Participants at regional and tertiary levels contended that gloves should be worn during most procedures versus those at district levels of care. While 96% washed their hands after each patient, only 76% washed their hands before each patient. Twenty-nine per cent indicated that they only 'sometimes' wore masks when in contact with patients with communicable diseases. Approximately one-third disinfected touch surfaces and toys, based on the clinician's discretion. The majority (86%) of participants, however, always followed the correct protocol for medical waste disposal. Despite training and the availability of policies, some practitioners displayed poor IPC practices in terms of universal precautions, personal protective equipment, handwashing and sterilisation. CONCLUSION Further education, training and awareness related to appropriate IPC measures are recommended for audiologists. It is envisaged that this will lead to more effective IPC measures in audiology practice thereby reducing the risk of infection transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim B Khan
- Discipline of Audiology, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
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Tumwine JK. Health issues of concern to Africa and beyond: infections, NCDs and health systems inertia. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:i-iii. [PMID: 29977275 PMCID: PMC6016979 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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