1
|
Carson LR, Beaudry M, Valeo C, He J, Banting G, van Duin B, Goodman C, Scott C, Neumann NF. Occurrence, Sources and Virulence Potential of Arcobacter butzleri in Urban Municipal Stormwater Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13065-13075. [PMID: 38989840 PMCID: PMC11271002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
A. butzleri is an underappreciated emerging global pathogen, despite growing evidence that it is a major contributor of diarrheal illness. Few studies have investigated the occurrence and public health risks that this organism possesses from waterborne exposure routes including through stormwater use. In this study, we assessed the prevalence, virulence potential, and primary sources of stormwater-isolated A. butzleri in fecally contaminated urban stormwater systems. Based on qPCR, A. butzleri was the most common enteric bacterial pathogen [25%] found in stormwater among a panel of pathogens surveyed, including Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) [6%], Campylobacter spp. [4%], and Salmonella spp. [<1%]. Concentrations of the bacteria, based on qPCR amplification of the single copy gene hsp60, were as high as 6.2 log10 copies/100 mL, suggesting significant loading of this pathogen in some stormwater systems. Importantly, out of 73 unique stormwater culture isolates, 90% were positive for the putative virulence genes cadF, ciaB, tlyA, cjl349, pldA, and mviN, while 50-75% of isolates also possessed the virulence genes irgA, hecA, and hecB. Occurrence of A. butzleri was most often associated with the human fecal pollution marker HF183 in stormwater samples. These results suggest that A. butzleri may be an important bacterial pathogen in stormwater, warranting further study on the risks it represents to public health during stormwater use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam R. Carson
- School
of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Megan Beaudry
- Daicel
Arbor Biosciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 30606, United States
| | - Caterina Valeo
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Jianxun He
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | | | - Bert van Duin
- City &
Regional Planning, City of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 2M5
| | - Clint Goodman
- Community
Infrastructure, City of Airdrie, Airdrie, Alberta, Canada T4A 2K3
| | - Candis Scott
- School
of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Norman F. Neumann
- School
of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gabucci C, Baldelli G, Amagliani G, Schiavano GF, Savelli D, Russo I, Di Lullo S, Blasi G, Napoleoni M, Leoni F, Primavilla S, Massacci FR, Garofolo G, Petruzzelli A. Widespread Multidrug Resistance of Arcobacter butzleri Isolated from Clinical and Food Sources in Central Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1292. [PMID: 37627712 PMCID: PMC10451661 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arcobacter genus comprises a group of bacteria widely distributed in different habitats that can be spread throughout the food chain. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides represent the most common antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of Arcobacter infections. However, the increasing trend of the antimicrobial resistance of this pathogen leads to treatment failures. Moreover, the test implementation and interpretation are hindered by the lack of reference protocols and standard interpretive criteria. The purpose of our study was to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern of 17 A. butzleri strains isolated in Central Italy from fresh vegetables, sushi, chicken breast, and clinical human samples to provide new and updated information about the antimicrobial resistance epidemiology of this species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)'s disc diffusion method. All the strains were multidrug resistant, with 100% resistance to tetracyclines and cefotaxime (third generation cephalosporins). Some differences were noticed among the strains, according to the isolation source (clinical isolates, food of animal origin, or fresh vegetables), with a higher sensitivity to streptomycin detected only in the strains isolated from fresh vegetables. Our data, together with other epidemiological information at the national or European Union (EU) level, may contribute to developing homogeneous breakpoints. However, the high prevalence of resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial classes makes this microorganism a threat to human health and suggests that its monitoring should be considered by authorities designated for food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gabucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.G.); (D.S.); (S.D.L.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (F.L.); (S.P.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giulia Baldelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.R.)
| | - Giulia Amagliani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.R.)
| | | | - David Savelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.G.); (D.S.); (S.D.L.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (F.L.); (S.P.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.R.)
| | - Stefania Di Lullo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.G.); (D.S.); (S.D.L.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (F.L.); (S.P.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuliana Blasi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.G.); (D.S.); (S.D.L.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (F.L.); (S.P.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Maira Napoleoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.G.); (D.S.); (S.D.L.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (F.L.); (S.P.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca Leoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.G.); (D.S.); (S.D.L.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (F.L.); (S.P.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Sara Primavilla
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.G.); (D.S.); (S.D.L.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (F.L.); (S.P.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca Romana Massacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.G.); (D.S.); (S.D.L.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (F.L.); (S.P.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Petruzzelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.G.); (D.S.); (S.D.L.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (F.L.); (S.P.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buzzanca D, Kerkhof PJ, Alessandria V, Rantsiou K, Houf K. Arcobacteraceae comparative genome analysis demonstrates genome heterogeneity and reduction in species isolated from animals and associated with human illness. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17652. [PMID: 37449094 PMCID: PMC10336517 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arcobacteraceae family groups Gram-negative bacterial species previously included in the family Campylobacteraceae. These species of which some are considered foodborne pathogens, have been isolated from different environmental niches and hosts. They have been isolated from various types of foods, though predominantly from food of animal origin, as well as from stool of humans with enteritis. Their different abilities to survive in different hosts and environments suggest an evolutionary pressure with consequent variation in their genome content. Moreover, their different physiological and genomic characteristics led to the recent proposal to create new genera within this family, which is however criticized due to the lack of discriminatory features and biological and clinical relevance. Aims of the present study were to assess the Arcobacteraceae pangenome, and to characterize existing similarities and differences in 20 validly described species. For this, analysis has been conducted on the genomes of the corresponding type strains obtained by Illumina sequencing, applying several bioinformatic tools. Results of the present study do not support the proposed division into different genera and revealed the presence of pangenome partitions with numbers comparable to other Gram-negative bacteria genera, such as Campylobacter. Different gene class compositions in animal and human-associated species are present, including a higher percentage of virulence-related gene classes such as cell motility genes. The adaptation to environmental and/or host conditions of some species was identified by the presence of specific genes. Furthermore, a division into pathogenic and non-pathogenic species is suggested, which can support future research on food safety and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Buzzanca
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Pieter-Jan Kerkhof
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Valentina Alessandria
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Kurt Houf
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen PT, Tuz K, Juárez O, Restaino L. Comparison of Two Culture-Based Detection Systems for the Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii in Raw Ground Poultry. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100057. [PMID: 36916562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Arcobacters are emerging pathogens that have been underestimated due to a lack of a standardized isolation method. The aim of this research was to evaluate the ability to isolate Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii using two Arcobacter-specific culture detection systems: (i) the Houf broth and modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar supplemented with cefoperazone, amphotericin B, and teicoplanin (HB/mCCDA+CAT), and (ii) the Nguyen-Restaino-Juárez Arcobacter enrichment broth and chromogenic agar (NRJ-B/M). Both detection systems were evaluated for productivity ratio, sensitivity, and specificity. As a result, the productivity ratio for both plating agars were >90%, which indicates that the selective agents used in the two plating agars did not inhibit Arcobacter growth. Moreover, sensitivity evaluations using artificially inoculated retail ground poultry (n = 780) determined that both detection systems were able to isolate A. butlzeri with >95% sensitivity at the 0.1 and 1.0-2.0 CFU/g detection level. The sensitivity in A. cryaerophilus isolation was higher for NRJ-B/M (78.0% at 0.1 CFU/g; 95.1% at 1.0-2.0 CFU/g) when compared with HB/mCCDA+CAT (34.1% at 0.1 CFU/g; 51.2% at 1.0-2.0 CFU/g). Both detection systems resulted in <50% sensitivity when isolating A. skirrowii at 0.1 and 1.0-2.0 CFU/g; however, the sensitivity for NRJ-B/M was significantly higher than HB/mCCDA+CAT. At the detection level of 5.0 CFU/g, both detection systems were able to isolate A. skirrowii with 100% sensitivity. Specificity comparisons using uninoculated ground poultry samples (n = 40) indicated the growth of background microbiota were significantly inhibited or could be easily differentiated on NRJ-B/M (90.0%, specificity) when compared with HB/mCCDA+CAT (30.0%, specificity). Overall, these results show that the NRJ-B/M detection system is a more sensitive and specific detection system when isolating Arcobacter spp. from ground chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Nguyen
- R & F Products, Inc., 2725 Curtiss Street, Downers Grove, IL 60188, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 35(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
| | - Karina Tuz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 35(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Oscar Juárez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 35(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Lawrence Restaino
- R & F Products, Inc., 2725 Curtiss Street, Downers Grove, IL 60188, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hines IS, Markov Madanick J, Smith SA, Kuhn DD, Stevens AM. Analysis of the core bacterial community associated with consumer-ready Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281747. [PMID: 36812164 PMCID: PMC9946220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Shellfish, such as the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), are an important agricultural commodity. Previous research has demonstrated the importance of the native microbiome of oysters against exogenous challenges by non-native pathogens. However, the taxonomic makeup of the oyster microbiome and the impact of environmental factors on it are understudied. Research was conducted quarterly over a calendar year (February 2020 through February 2021) to analyze the taxonomic diversity of bacteria present within the microbiome of consumer-ready-to-eat live Eastern oysters. It was hypothesized that a core group of bacterial species would be present in the microbiome regardless of external factors such as the water temperature at the time of harvest or post-harvesting processing. At each time point, 18 Chesapeake Bay (eastern United States) watershed aquacultured oysters were acquired from a local grocery store, genomic DNA was extracted from the homogenized whole oyster tissues, and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene hypervariable V4 region was PCR-amplified using barcoded primers prior to sequencing via Illumina MiSeq and bioinformatic analysis of the data. A core group of bacteria were identified to be consistently associated with the Eastern oyster, including members of the phyla Firmicutes and Spirochaetota, represented by the families Mycoplasmataceae and Spirochaetaceae, respectively. The phyla Cyanobacterota and Campliobacterota became more predominant in relation to warmer or colder water column temperature, respectively, at the time of oyster harvest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian S. Hines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Justin Markov Madanick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Smith
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David D. Kuhn
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Stevens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chuan J, Belov A, Cloutier M, Li X, Khan IUH, Chen W. Comparative genomics analysis and virulence-related factors in novel Aliarcobacter faecis and Aliarcobacter lanthieri species identified as potential opportunistic pathogens. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:471. [PMID: 35761183 PMCID: PMC9235176 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Emerging pathogenic bacteria are an increasing threat to public health. Two recently described species of the genus Aliarcobacter, A. faecis and A. lanthieri, isolated from human or livestock feces, are closely related to Aliarcobacter zoonotic pathogens (A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii, and A. butzleri). In this study, comparative genomics analysis was carried out to examine the virulence-related, including virulence, antibiotic, and toxin (VAT) factors in the reference strains of A. faecis and A. lanthieri that may enable them to become potentially opportunistic zoonotic pathogens.
Results
Our results showed that the genomes of the reference strains of both species have flagella genes (flaA, flaB, flgG, flhA, flhB, fliI, fliP, motA and cheY1) as motility and export apparatus, as well as genes encoding the Twin-arginine translocation (Tat) (tatA, tatB and tatC), type II (pulE and pulF) and III (fliF, fliN and ylqH) secretory pathways, allowing them to secrete proteins into the periplasm and host cells. Invasion and immune evasion genes (ciaB, iamA, mviN, pldA, irgA and fur2) are found in both species, while adherence genes (cadF and cj1349) are only found in A. lanthieri. Acid (clpB), heat (clpA and clpB), osmotic (mviN), and low-iron (irgA and fur2) stress resistance genes were observed in both species, although urease genes were not found in them. In addition, arcB, gyrA and gyrB were found in both species, mutations of which may mediate the resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). Furthermore, 11 VAT genes including six virulence (cadF, ciaB, irgA, mviN, pldA, and tlyA), two antibiotic resistance [tet(O) and tet(W)] and three cytolethal distending toxin (cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC) genes were validated with the PCR assays. A. lanthieri tested positive for all 11 VAT genes. By contrast, A. faecis showed positive for ten genes except for cdtB because no PCR assay for this gene was available for this species.
Conclusions
The identification of the virulence, antibiotic-resistance, and toxin genes in the genomes of A. faecis and A. lanthieri reference strains through comparative genomics analysis and PCR assays highlighted the potential zoonotic pathogenicity of these two species. However, it is necessary to extend this study to include more clinical and environmental strains to explore inter-species and strain-level genetic variations in virulence-related genes and assess their potential to be opportunistic pathogens for animals and humans.
Collapse
|
7
|
Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I, Girbau C, Salazar-Sánchez A, Baztarrika I, Martínez-Ballesteros I, Laorden L, Alonso R, Fernández-Astorga A. Genetic characterization and biofilm formation of potentially pathogenic foodborne Arcobacter isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 373:109712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Newton K, Gonzalez E, Pitre FE, Brereton NJB. Microbial community origin and fate through a rural wastewater treatment plant. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2516-2542. [PMID: 35466495 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment relies on a complex microbiota; however, much of this community is still to be characterised. To better understand the origin, dynamics and fate of bacteria within a wastewater treatment plant: untreated primary wastewater, activated sludge, and post-treatment effluent were characterised. From 3,163 Exact Sequence Variants (ESVs), 860 were annotated to species-level. In primary wastewater, 28% of ESVs were putative bacterial species previously associated with humans, 14% with animals and 5% as common to the environment. Differential abundance analysis revealed significant relative reductions in ESVs from potentially humans-associated species from primary wastewater to activated sludge, and significant increases in ESVs from species associated with nutrient cycling. Between primary wastewater and effluent, 51% of ESVs from human-associated species did not significantly differ, and species such as Bacteroides massiliensis and Bacteroides dorei increased. These findings illustrate that activated sludge increased extracellular protease and urease-producing species, ammonia and nitrite oxidizers, denitrifiers and specific phosphorus accumulators. Although many human-associated species declined, some persisted in effluent, including strains of potential health or environmental concern. Species-level microbial assessment may be useful for understanding variation in wastewater treatment efficiency as well as for monitoring the release of microbes into surface water and the wider ecosystem. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kymberly Newton
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Frederic E Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J B Brereton
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
On SL, Miller WG, Yee E, Sturgis J, Patsekin V, Lindsay JA, Robinson JP. Identification of colonies of cultured shellfish-associated Arcobacter species by Elastic Light Scatter Analysis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100033. [PMID: 34841324 PMCID: PMC8610310 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of Arcobacter species (including several regarded as emerging human foodborne pathogens) have been isolated from shellfish, an important food commodity. A method to distinguish these species and render viable isolates for further analysis would benefit epidemiological and ecological studies. We describe a method based on Elastic Light Scatter analysis (ELSA) for the detection and discrimination of eleven shellfish-associated Arcobacter species. Although substantive differences in the growth rates of some taxa were seen, ELSA was able to differentiate all the species studied, apart from some strains of A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, which were nonetheless distinguished from all other species examined. ELSA appears to be a promising new approach for the detection and identification of Arcobacter species in shellfish and may also be applicable for studies in other foods and matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L.W. On
- Department of Wine, Food & Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, New Zealand
| | - William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sturgis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, USA
| | - Valery Patsekin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, USA
| | | | - J. Paul Robinson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mudadu A, Salza S, Melillo R, Mara L, Piras G, Spanu C, Terrosu G, Fadda A, Virgilio S, Tedde T. Prevalence and pathogenic potential of Arcobacter spp. isolated from edible bivalve molluscs in Sardinia. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
11
|
Mudadu A, Melillo R, Salza S, Mara L, Marongiu L, Piras G, Spanu C, Tedde T, Fadda A, Virgilio S, Terrosu G. Detection of Arcobacter spp. in environmental and food samples collected in industrial and artisanal sheep's milk cheese-making plants. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
12
|
Iwu CD, Ekundayo TC, Okoh AI. A Systematic Analysis of Research on Arcobacter: Public Health Implications from a Food-Environment Interphase Perspective. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071673. [PMID: 34359542 PMCID: PMC8303614 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review maps the global research landscape of the public health implications of Arcobacter from the food–environment interphase using content analytics and integrated science mapping. The search term “Arcobacter” was used to retrieve relevant articles published in Web of Science and Scopus between 1991 to 2019. The number of articles included in the review was 524, with 1304 authors, 172 journal sources, and a collaborative index of 2.55. The annual growth rate of the publications was 9.74%. The most contributing author in the field was Houf K., with 40 publications, 26 h-index, and 2020 total citations. The most productive country was the USA (13.33%). The majority of the articles were published in English (96%) and in the Journal of Food Protection (8.02%). The highest research outputs were in the field of Microbiology (264). The frequently occurred keywords were Arcobacter, poultry, shellfish, cattle, and chicken. This study revealed a fair increase in the growth rate of Arcobacter-related research—especially in the area of isolation and detection of the pathogen in foods and food environments, as well as the pathogenesis and genetic diversity of the pathogen. Research themes in the area of prevalence and epidemiology seem to be underexplored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie Declan Iwu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (T.C.E.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (T.C.E.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo PMB 536, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Ifeanyin Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (T.C.E.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kanaan MHG. Prevalence, resistance to antimicrobials, and antibiotypes of Arcobacter species recovered from retail meat in Wasit marketplaces in Iraq. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.142-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Arcobacter is a food-borne pathogen associated with human and animal infections. In Iraq, these infections and their adverse effects on public health have not been well investigated. For this reason, as well as to submit data on the resistance to antimicrobials and antibiotypes of the Arcobacter spp. and their occurrence in retail meat in the Wasit marketplaces, this study was undertaken.
Materials and Methods: A total of 83 samples of fresh raw (n=35) and chilled meat (n=48) were purchased randomly from marketplaces in various regions of the Wasit Governorate. Bacterial detection was conducted using cultural methods, biochemical analysis, and the Oxoid Biomedical Identification System Campy. Confirmation of these bacteria at the species level was performed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Susceptibility of the Arcobacter spp. to antimicrobials was investigated in 11 isolates comprising Arcobacter butzleri (n=9) and Arcobacter cryaerophilus (n=2) using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method.
Results: A total of 32 (38.6%) of the 83 fresh raw and chilled meat samples tested positive for Arcobacter spp.; of those, 27 (84.4%) and 5 (15.6%) were recognized as A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, respectively. Maximum resistance was perceived, respectively, to tetracycline, erythromycin, and ampicillin (90.9%, 81.8%, and 81.8%, respectively). In contrast, a low resistance rate against fluoroquinolones up to 9.09% was found. Antibiograms of the A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus isolates yielded ten antibiotypes. The vast majority of the isolates (90.91%) were resistant to no fewer than three classes of antimicrobials, and 27.3% of these showed resistance to six antibiotics. A total of 91% of the analyzed isolates had a multiple antibiotic resistance index score between 0.27 and 0.73.
Conclusion: Our outcomes demonstrated that retail meat can be a prospective vehicle for pathogenic Arcobacter, making these products a possible risk to human health. Our outcomes postulate that the contamination of retail meats by pathogenic Arcobacter is a global public health concern, particularly with the growing resistance to life-saving drugs, and emphasizes consumer understanding about the quality and safety of these products. To achieve healthy food products, good management practices, and successful control approaches must be implemented across the entire food chain, not only to protect consumers from these contaminants but also to minimize the risk of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal H. G. Kanaan
- Department of Agriculture/Technical Institute of Suwaria, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sciortino S, Arculeo P, Alio V, Cardamone C, Nicastro L, Arculeo M, Alduina R, Costa A. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Arcobacter spp. Recovered from Aquatic Environments. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030288. [PMID: 33802125 PMCID: PMC7998538 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter spp. are emerging waterborne and foodborne zoonotic pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. In this work, we evaluated the occurrence and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Arcobacter isolates recovered from different aquatic sources. Besides, we searched for Arcobacter spp. in seaweeds and the corresponding seawater samples. Bacteriological and molecular methods applied to 100 samples led to the isolation of 28 Arcobacter isolates from 27 samples. The highest prevalence was detected in rivers followed by artificial ponds, streams, well waters, and spring waters. Seaweeds contained a higher percentage of Arcobacter than the corresponding seawater samples. The isolates were identified as Arcobacter butzleri (96.4%) and Arcobacter cryaerophilus (3.6%). All the isolates showed a multi-drug resistance profile, being resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics. Molecular analysis of genetic determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance in nine randomly chosen isolates revealed the presence of tetO and/or tetW. This work confirms the occurrence and the continuous emergence of antibiotic-resistant Arcobacter strains in environmental samples; also, the presence of quinolone-resistant Arcobacter spp. in aquatic sources used for water supply and irrigation represents a potential risk for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sciortino
- Food Microbiology Section, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.A.); (V.A.); (C.C.); (L.N.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Pietro Arculeo
- Food Microbiology Section, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.A.); (V.A.); (C.C.); (L.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Vincenzina Alio
- Food Microbiology Section, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.A.); (V.A.); (C.C.); (L.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Cinzia Cardamone
- Food Microbiology Section, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.A.); (V.A.); (C.C.); (L.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Luisa Nicastro
- Food Microbiology Section, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.A.); (V.A.); (C.C.); (L.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Arculeo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bd. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bd. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Antonella Costa
- Food Microbiology Section, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.A.); (V.A.); (C.C.); (L.N.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Undaria pinnatifida exudates trigger shifts in seawater chemistry and microbial communities from Atlantic Patagonian coasts. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
16
|
Jribi H, Sellami H, Amor SB, Ducournau A, SifrÉ E, Benejat L, MÉgraud F, Gdoura R. Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Arcobacter Species Isolates from Poultry in Tunisia. J Food Prot 2020; 83:2080-2086. [PMID: 32634222 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Arcobacter is considered an emergent foodborne enteropathogen. Despite the high prevalence of this genus in poultry, the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. contamination in Tunisia remains unclear. The objectives of this study were (i) to isolate Arcobacter species (A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus) by the culture method from different species of raw poultry meat, (ii) to verify the isolates by multiplex PCR (m-PCR) assay and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and (iii) to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates. A total of 250 poultry product samples (149 chicken and 101 turkey) were collected from various supermarkets in Sfax. The samples consisted of breasts, wings, legs, and neck skins. The overall isolation frequency of Arcobacter spp. was 10.4%. Arcobacter spp. were found in 13.42% of the chicken samples and in 5.49% of the turkey samples. All the acquired isolates were subject to detailed confirmation with subsequent species classification using m-PCR and MALDI-TOF MS. A. butzleri was found in 22 samples (84.61%) and A. cryaerophilus in 4 samples (15.38%). Thus, m-PCR and MALDI-TOF MS were able to detect A. butzleri significantly better than the conventional method (χ2 = 49.1 and P < 0.001). Arcobacter was isolated from poultry in every season, at contamination levels of 30.76, 23.07, 19.23, and 26.92% in summer, spring, autumn, and winter, respectively. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of Arcobacter isolates to six antimicrobial drugs. All A. butzleri isolates (n = 24) were significantly resistant to erythromycin (P = 0.0015), ampicillin (P = 0.001), and ciprofloxacin (P = 0.05). All tested A. cryaerophilus strains (n = 4) were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Multidrug resistance was observed in 83% of the Arcobacter spp. isolates. Our study detected Arcobacter spp. in Tunisian poultry; because of their multidrug resistance, these species may constitute a public health problem. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hela Jribi
- Laboratoire de recherche Toxicologie Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé (LR17ES06), Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Sellami
- Laboratoire de recherche Toxicologie Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé (LR17ES06), Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratoire de Traitement et de Valorisation des Rejets Hydriques (LTVRH), Water Researches and Technologies Center (CERTE), University of Carthage, Tourist route Soliman, BP 273-8020, Nabeul, Tunisia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-1707 [H.S.])
| | - Salha B Amor
- Université de Bordeaux, National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Ducournau
- Université de Bordeaux, National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie SifrÉ
- Université de Bordeaux, National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucie Benejat
- Université de Bordeaux, National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis MÉgraud
- Université de Bordeaux, National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Laboratoire de recherche Toxicologie Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé (LR17ES06), Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Šilha D, Švarcová K, Bajer T, Královec K, Tesařová E, Moučková K, Pejchalová M, Bajerová P. Chemical Composition of Natural Hydrolates and Their Antimicrobial Activity on Arcobacter-Like Cells in Comparison with Other Microorganisms. Molecules 2020; 25:E5654. [PMID: 33266263 PMCID: PMC7730011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolates obtained via the hydrodistillation and steam distillation of Lavandulaangustifolia Mill., Syzygiumaromaticum L., Foeniculumvulgare Mill., and Laurusnobilis L. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the hydrolates were evaluated for antimicrobial activity (disk-diffusion and microdilution method), influence on biofilm formation (Christensen method) and cytotoxicity of concentrated hydrolates against human cell lines (A549) by xCELLigence system. Using chemical analysis, 48, 9, 13 and 33 different components were detected in lavender, clove, fennel and laurel hydrolates, respectively. Lavender hydrolate contained the largest proportion of 1,8-cineol, linalool furanoxide, and linalool. The main components of laurel hydrolate were 1,8-cineol, 4-terpineol and α-terpineol. Fenchone and estragole were the most abundant in fennel hydrolate, and eugenol and eugenyl acetate in clove hydrolate. Concentrated hydrolates showed significant antimicrobial activity. Clove hydrolate was among the most antimicrobially active agents, most preferably against C. albicans, with an inhibition zone up to 23.5 mm. Moreover, concentrated hydrolates did not show any cytotoxic effect again8 st human A549 cells. In the presence of the non-concentrated hydrolates, significantly reduced biofilm formation was observed; however, with concentrated clove hydrolate, there was an increase in biofilm formation, e.g., of A. thereius, A. lanthieri, and A. butzleri. Research shows new findings about hydrolates that may be important in natural medicine or for preservation purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Šilha
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Karolína Švarcová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Tomáš Bajer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Karel Královec
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Eliška Tesařová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Kristýna Moučková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Marcela Pejchalová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Petra Bajerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (K.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vidal-Veuthey B, Jara R, Santander K, Mella A, Ruiz S, Collado L. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes profiles of Arcobacter butzleri strains isolated from back yard chickens and retail poultry meat in Chile. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:126-132. [PMID: 33025583 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the presence and pathogenic potential of Arcobacter in poultry meat samples purchased in the retail market of Valdivia (South of Chile) as well as in faecal samples from backyard chickens from rural areas around this city. The isolates obtained were identified by molecular methods. Furthermore, putative virulence genes were assessed by PCR and the antimicrobial resistance was tested by phenotypic methods. Arcobacter was present in 41·6% of the samples, with the highest value in retail poultry meat (55·7%) followed by backyard production (28·0%). Arcobacter butzleri was the most prevalent species (75·6%) followed by Arcobacter skirrowii (14·8%) and Arcobacter cryaerophilus (9·6%). An 8·5% of A. butzleri strains from meat were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and tetracycline and 6·1% were resistant to erythromycin, while none was resistant to gentamycin, unlike strains from domestic chickens, which showed no resistance. Furthermore, A. butzleri strains from chicken meat presented a higher prevalence of virulence genes than strains from domestic chickens. In fact, in this last group, some genes (hecA, hecB and irgA) were completely absent. Therefore, this study provides insight on the epidemiology of Arcobacter in Chilean poultry and suggests that under traditional breeding conditions strains are, apparently, less pathogenic and drug resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Vidal-Veuthey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - R Jara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - K Santander
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Mella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - S Ruiz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - L Collado
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Miltenburg MG, Cloutier M, Craiovan E, Lapen DR, Wilkes G, Topp E, Khan IUH. Real-time quantitative PCR assay development and application for assessment of agricultural surface water and various fecal matter for prevalence of Aliarcobacter faecis and Aliarcobacter lanthieri. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:164. [PMID: 32546238 PMCID: PMC7298852 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aliarcobacter faecis and Aliarcobacter lanthieri are recently identified as emerging human and animal pathogens. In this paper, we demonstrate the development and optimization of two direct DNA-based quantitative real-time PCR assays using species-specific oligonucleotide primer pairs derived from rpoB and gyrA genes for A. faecis and A. lanthieri, respectively. Initially, the specificity of primers and amplicon size of each target reference strain was verified and confirmed by melt curve analysis. Standard curves were developed with a minimum quantification limit of 100 cells mL- 1 or g- 1 obtained using known quantities of spiked A. faecis and A. lanthieri reference strains in autoclaved agricultural surface water and dairy cow manure samples. RESULTS Each species-specific qPCR assay was validated and applied to determine the rate of prevalence and quantify the total number of cells of each target species in natural surface waters of an agriculturally-dominant and non-agricultural reference watershed. In addition, the prevalence and densities were determined for human and various animal (e.g., dogs, cats, dairy cow, and poultry) fecal samples. Overall, the prevalence of A. faecis for surface water and feces was 21 and 28%, respectively. The maximum A. faecis concentration for water and feces was 2.3 × 107 cells 100 mL- 1 and 1.2 × 107 cells g- 1, respectively. A. lanthieri was detected at a lower frequency (2%) with a maximum concentration in surface water of 4.2 × 105 cells 100 mL- 1; fecal samples had a prevalence and maximum density of 10% and 2.0 × 106 cells g- 1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the occurrence of these species in agricultural surface water is potentially due to fecal contamination of water from livestock, human, or wildlife as both species were detected in fecal samples. The new real-time qPCR assays can facilitate rapid and accurate detection in < 3 h to quantify total numbers of A. faecis and A. lanthieri cells present in various complex environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Miltenburg
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada.,Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michel Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Emilia Craiovan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Graham Wilkes
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada.,Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre (LRDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Izhar U H Khan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Fusco V. Arcobacter butzleri: Up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of an emerging pathogen. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2071-2109. [PMID: 33337088 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri, recently emended to the Aliarcobacter butzleri comb. nov., is an emerging pathogen causing enteritis, severe diarrhea, septicaemia, and bacteraemia in humans and enteritis, stillbirth, and abortion in animals. Since its recognition as emerging pathogen on 2002, advancements have been made in elucidating its pathogenicity and epidemiology, also thanks to advent of genomics, which, moreover, contributed in emending its taxonomy. In this review, we provide an overview of the up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of this emerging pathogen. Moreover, the implication of A. butzleri in the safety of foods is pinpointed, and culture-dependent and independent detection, identification, and typing methods as well as strategies to control and prevent the survival and growth of this pathogen are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Chieffi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Fusco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Belleggia L, Aquilanti L, Ferrocino I, Milanović V, Garofalo C, Clementi F, Cocolin L, Mozzon M, Foligni R, Haouet MN, Scuota S, Framboas M, Osimani A. Discovering microbiota and volatile compounds of surströmming, the traditional Swedish sour herring. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103503. [PMID: 32539969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the microbiota of ready-to-eat surströmming from three Swedish producers were studied using a combined approach. The pH values of the samples ranged between 6.67 ± 0.01 and 6.98 ± 0.01, whereas their aw values were between 0.911 ± 0.001 and 0.940 ± 0.001. The acetic acid concentration was between 0.289 ± 0.009 g/100 g and 0.556 ± 0.036 g/100 g. Very low concentrations of lactic acid were measured. Viable counting revealed the presence of mesophilic aerobes, mesophilic lactobacilli and lactococci as well as halophilic lactobacilli and lactococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, halophilic aerobes and anaerobes. Negligible counts for Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and total eumycetes were observed, whereas no sulfite-reducing anaerobes were detected. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were absent in all samples. Multiplex real-time PCR revealed the absence of the bont/A, bont/B, bont/E, bont/F, and 4gyrB (CP) genes, which encode botulinic toxins, in all the samples analyzed. Metagenomic sequencing revealed the presence of a core microbiota dominated by Halanaerobium praevalens, Alkalibacterium gilvum, Carnobacterium spp., Tetragenococcus halophilus, Clostridiisalibacter spp. and Porphyromonadaceae. Psychrobacter celer, Ruminococcaceae, Marinilactibacillus psychrotolerans, Streptococcus infantis and Salinivibrio costicola were detected as minor OTUs. GC-MS analysis of volatile components revealed the massive presence of trimethylamine and sulphur compounds. Moreover, 1,2,4-trithiolane, phenols, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters and long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons were also detected. The data obtained allowed pro-technological bacteria, which are well-adapted to saline environments, to be discovered for the first time. Further analyses are needed to better clarify the extent of the contribution of either the microbiota or autolytic enzymes of the fish flesh in the aroma definition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Belleggia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Aquilanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy.
| | - Vesna Milanović
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Garofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Clementi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Mozzon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Foligni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Naceur Haouet
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, via Salvemini, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Scuota
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, via Salvemini, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marisa Framboas
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, via Salvemini, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Osimani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sharma B, Thille K, Belmar VM, Thomas RN, Sharma RN. Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from red-footed pet tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp. from Grenada, West Indies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230390. [PMID: 32176736 PMCID: PMC7075591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to detect and genetically characterize Arcobacter butzleri in pet red-footed tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp., using molecular techniques. A written consent from tortoise owners was obtained, after explaining the advantages of the research to tortoise owners of Grenada. Fecal samples were collected from 114 tortoises from five parishes of the country and cultured for Campylobacter spp. using selective culture techniques. A. butzleri was isolated from 4.39% of pet tortoises. Total thirteen isolates were obtained; all identified as A. butzleri by a universal and a species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Genetic characterization of these isolates was performed based on Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) that generated eight different genetic fingerprints with a discriminatory power of 0.91. Campylobacter species were not detected molecularly in any of the culture-positive samples. This is the first report of infection of pet tortoises in Grenada, West Indies with A. butzleri. This study emphasizes on the risk of zoonotic transmission of A. butzleri by exotic pets, which is a serious concern for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Sharma
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
- * E-mail:
| | - Katelyn Thille
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Vanessa Matthew Belmar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Roxanne Nicholas Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Ravindra Nath Sharma
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bozcal E, Dagdeviren M. Bacterial metagenome analysis of Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from Istanbul and Izmir coastal stations of Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:186. [PMID: 32072329 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mytilus galloprovincialis is a marine mollusk belonging to the Bivalvia class. It has been distributed largely in Turkish shores and worldwide aquatic environments. Besides being known as an environmental pollution indicator, it is highly consumed as a food and has a high economic value. Due to their nutritional mechanisms by filtering water, they are affected by pollution in seawater and mussels can host-microbial diversity of environmental origin as well as pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, in this study, bacterial species found in Mediterranean mussels collected from the coastal stations of Istanbul [Rumeli Kavagi (RK), Kucukcekmece (KC)], and Izmir [(Foca (MF), Urla (MU)] were investigated and compared with microbiological and metagenomic analyses. According to microbiological analysis results, 34 mussel-associated Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae family members were identified. As a result of the culture-independent metagenomic analysis, taxonomic groups for each station were identified and compared based on Operational Taxonomic Unit data. For all stations, the most abundant bacterial genera were the unclassified bacterial genera. The total number of mussel-related total richness identified in all groups was 4889 (RK = 1605; KC = 1930; MF = 1508; and MU = 1125). According to the metagenomic data obtained in this study, different relative amounts of Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidetes taxa groups were reported for all stations. The pathogenic bacterial genera identified by metagenomic analyses which may be significant for the public health are Arcobacter, Clostridium, Aeromonas, Vibrio, Escherichia_Shigella, Klebsiella, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Morganella, Serratia, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Yersinia, Mycoplasma, Brucellaceae_unclassified, Pantoea, and Proteus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozcal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Melih Dagdeviren
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nelapati S, Tumati SR, Thirtham MR, Ramani Pushpa RN, Kamisetty AK, Ch BK. Occurrence, virulence gene and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Arcobacter sp. isolated from catla (Catla catla) in India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 70:365-371. [PMID: 32012305 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 100 catla (Catla catla-major South Asian carp, local name botcha) collected from local fish markets and aquaculture ponds were subjected for isolation and characterization of Arcobacter sp. In all, 21 Arcobacter sp. were isolated, of which 18 (85·7%) were Arcobacter butzleri and three (14%) were A. cryoaerophilus as identified by multiplex PCR. All 18 A. butzleri isolates were positive for mviN, ciaB and tlyA virulence genes, three of A. cryoaerophilus isolates carried mviN gene and none of the isolates were positive for cadF, irgA, cj1349, hecA and hecB genes. All isolates (n = 21) were resistant to penicillin (100%). Meanwhile, 71·43, 23·81, 23·81, 14·29 and 9·52% of the isolates showed resistance towards vancomycin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, cefixime and kanamycin, respectively. Multidrug resistance was observed in 23·81% of the Arcobacter sp. isolates and none of the isolates were positive for any of the extended spectrum beta-lactamases either by phenotypic or by molecular identification genes (blaOXA , blaSHV , blaTEM , blaCTX-M1 , blaCTX-M2 and blaCTX-M9 groups). The results emphasize the need to implement specific control procedures to reduce the use of antibiotics in aquaculture particularly the ones which are very important in human medicine. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Arcobacter species are emerging food- and water-borne human pathogens. In this study, Arcobacter butzleri was predominant in fish compared to A. cryoaerohilus and A. skirrowii. Higher incidence of arcobacters in fish market samples suggests cross contamination and unhygienic handling of fish in markets. Virulence genes profile and antibiotics resistance of the Arcobacter sp. isolated in current study indicate pathogenic potential of Arcobacter sp. to humans. Occurrence of multidrug-resistant Arcobacter sp. in fish is a major concern in food safety. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Arcobacter sp. from freshwater fish, catla (Catla catla) in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nelapati
- NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S R Tumati
- NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M R Thirtham
- College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R N Ramani Pushpa
- NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A K Kamisetty
- NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B K Ch
- NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marta C, Giovanni N, Angela M, Loredana C, Elisabetta B, Laura D, Anna M, Angela DP, Gianfranco S, Antonio P. Large genetic diversity of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from raw milk in Southern Italy. Food Microbiol 2019; 89:103403. [PMID: 32139002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen able to cause enteric and extraintestinal diseases. Its occurrence in foodstuff is well recognized worldwide but data on its presence in foods from Southern Italy are scarce. In this study the results on the occurrence and genotyping of Arcobacter spp. in bulk milk samples collected in Southern Italy are reported. Out of 484 samples, 64 (13.2%) resulted positive for the presence of Arcobacter spp. Using Real Time PCR but as few as 31.2% of these samples turned out as positive by using the cultural method, showing an overall prevalence of 4.1%. All isolates were identified as A. cryaerophilus using the biochemical identification whilst the sequencing of the atpA gene revealed that all the isolates were A. butzleri. Among the confirmed isolates, 16 different Sequence Types (ST) were identified using the Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), 14 (87.5%) of which were previously unreported. Our survey reveals the presence of A. butzleri in bulk tank milk from Southern Italy and highlights the discrepancy between the two approaches used both for the detection (i.e., real time PCR vs cultural method) and the identification (i.e., biochemical test vs aptA sequencing) of Arcobacter spp In addition, a large genetic diversity among the isolates was detected and this makes the identification of source of the infections very challenging in outbreaks investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caruso Marta
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Normanno Giovanni
- Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Miccolupo Angela
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Capozzi Loredana
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Bonerba Elisabetta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, SP Casamassima, Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Difato Laura
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mottola Anna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, SP Casamassima, Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Di Pinto Angela
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, SP Casamassima, Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Santagada Gianfranco
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Parisi Antonio
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Characterization of Arcobacter spp. isolated from retail seafood in Germany. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:254-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
27
|
Mizutani Y, Iehata S, Mori T, Oh R, Fukuzaki S, Tanaka R. Diversity, enumeration, and isolation of Arcobacter spp. in the giant abalone, Haliotis gigantea. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e890. [PMID: 31168933 PMCID: PMC6813453 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter have been frequently detected in and isolated from bivalves, but there is very little information on the genus Arcobacter in the abalone, an important fishery resource. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and abundance of bacteria from the genus Arcobacter in the Japanese giant abalone, Haliotis gigantea, using molecular methods such as Arcobacter‐specific clone libraries and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Furthermore, we attempted to isolate the Arcobacter species detected. Twelve genotypes of clones were obtained from Arcobacter‐specific clone libraries. These sequences are not classified with any other known Arcobacter species including pathogenic Arcobacter spp., A. butzleri, A. skirrowii, and A. cryaerophilus, commonly isolated or detected from bivalves. From the FISH analysis, we observed that ARC94F‐positive cells, presumed to be Arcobacter, accounted for 6.96 ± 0.72% of all EUB338‐positive cells. In the culture method, three genotypes of Arcobacter were isolated from abalones. One genotype had a similarity of 99.2%–100.0% to the 16S rRNA gene of Arcobacter marinus, while the others showed only 93.3%–94.3% similarity to other Arcobacter species. These data indicate that abalones carry Arcobacter as a common bacterial genus which includes uncultured species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Mizutani
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Shunpei Iehata
- School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tetsushi Mori
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Ryota Oh
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuzaki
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Reiji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Parisi A, Capozzi L, Bianco A, Caruso M, Latorre L, Costa A, Giannico A, Ridolfi D, Bulzacchelli C, Santagada G. Identification of virulence and antibiotic resistance factors in Arcobacter butzleri isolated from bovine milk by Whole Genome Sequencing. Ital J Food Saf 2019; 8:7840. [PMID: 31236384 PMCID: PMC6562252 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2019.7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri is a pathogenic aerobic bacterium responsible for diarrhea and septicemia in humans. It is frequently isolated from food products of animal origin, including milk and dairy products. To data, few reports are currently available on the genetic characteristics and virulence profiles of A. butzleri. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and to characterize the virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of 10 A. butzleri strains isolated from bovine milk samples by Whole Genome Sequence (WGS). Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) revealed that three isolates belonged to the ST66, two to the ST420 and the remaining five strains to the ST627, ST629, ST630, ST633 and ST637, respectively. The 100% of the strains carried cadF, pldA, ciaB, cj1349, mviN and tlyA virulence factors genes; 60% iroE; 50% irgA; 10% hecB. Resistome prediction showed a multidrug resistance: 100% of isolates resulted resistant to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline; 90% of strains to rifampicin and cephalosporins and a minor percentage to other antibiotics. Furthermore, the 50% of strains harbored four mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG gene conferring resistance to isoniazid. The study provided interesting data on the virulence characteristics and on the genetic endowment related to the antimicrobial resistance of A. butzleri isolates from milk. The determination of the STs also added information concerning the genetic variability of this microorganism. To date, a very limited number of studies have been published on the typing of A. butzleri using WGS, so this paper proposes an innovative methodological approach that allows a rapid and complete characterization of pathogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Parisi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | - Loredana Capozzi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | - Angelica Bianco
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | - Marta Caruso
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | - Laura Latorre
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | - Antonella Costa
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Giannico
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | - Donato Ridolfi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim NH, Park SM, Kim HW, Cho TJ, Kim SH, Choi C, Rhee MS. Prevalence of pathogenic Arcobacter species in South Korea: Comparison of two protocols for isolating the bacteria from foods and examination of nine putative virulence genes. Food Microbiol 2019; 78:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Salas-Massó N, Linh QT, Chin WH, Wolff A, Andree KB, Furones MD, Figueras MJ, Bang DD. The Use of a DNA-Intercalating Dye for Quantitative Detection of Viable Arcobacter spp. Cells (v-qPCR) in Shellfish. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:368. [PMID: 30873146 PMCID: PMC6403187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Arcobacter (Vandamme et al., 1991), comprised of Campylobacter-related species, are considered zoonotic emergent pathogens. The presence of Arcobacter in food products like shellfish, has an elevated incidence worldwide. In this study, we developed a specific viable quantitative PCR (v-qPCR), using the dye propidium monoazide (PMA), for quantification of the viable Arcobacter spp. cells in raw oysters and mussels. The high selectivity of primers was demonstrated by using purified DNA from 38 different species, 20 of them from the genus Arcobacter. The optimization of PMA concentration showed that 20 μM was considered as an optimal concentration that inhibits the signal from dead cells at different concentrations (OD550 from 0.2 to 0.8) and at different ratios of live: dead cells (50:50 and 90:10). The v-qPCR results from shellfish samples were compared with those obtained in parallel using several culture isolation approaches (i.e., direct plating on marine and blood agar and by post-enrichment culturing in both media). The enrichment was performed in parallel in Arcobacter-CAT broth with and without adding NaCl. Additionally, the v-qPCR results were compared to those obtained with traditional quantitative (qPCR). The v-qPCR and the qPCR resulted in c.a. 94% of positive detection of Arcobacter vs. 41% obtained by culture approaches. When examining the reduction effect resulting from the use of v-qPCR, samples pre-enriched in Arcobacter-CAT broth supplemented with 2.5% NaCl showed a higher reduction (3.27 log copies) than that of samples obtained directly and those pre-enriched in Arcobacter-CAT broth isolation (1.05 and 1.04). When the v-qPCR was applied to detect arcobacter from real shellfish samples, 15/17 samples tested positive for viable Arcobacter with 3.41 to 8.70 log copies 1g-1. This study offers a new tool for Arcobacter surveillance in seafood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Salas-Massó
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Departament de Ciènces Médiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- IRTA-Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Quyen Than Linh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Wolff
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karl B. Andree
- IRTA-Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | | | - María José Figueras
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Departament de Ciènces Médiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dang Duong Bang
- Division of Microbiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen H, Wang M, Yang C, Wan X, Ding HH, Shi Y, Zhao C. Bacterial spoilage profiles in the gills of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and Eastern oysters (C. virginica) during refrigerated storage. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:209-217. [PMID: 31027776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms harbored in oyster gills are potentially related to the spoilage and safety of oyster during storage. In this study, the microbial activities and pH changes of the gills of the two species, Crassostrea gigas and C. virginica, harvested from three different sites were determined and sensory evaluation was conducted during refrigerated storage. The bacteria in gills with an initial aerobic plate count (APC) of 3.1-4.5 log CFU/g rose remarkably to 7.8-8.8 log CFU/g after 8-days of storage. The APC of Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.5 to 3.6 log CFU/g to 4.5-4.8 log CFU/g, and that of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fluctuated in the range of 1.4-3.0 log CFU/g during the whole storage period. The results of sensory analysis indicated that the oysters had 8-days of shelf-life and that the gill presented the fastest deterioration rate. The pH of all samples showed a decrease in the early stages followed by an increased after 4-days of storage. The dynamic changes in microbial profiles were depicted to characterize gill spoilage by Illumina Miseq sequencing to characterize gill spoilage. The results revealed that oysters harvested at different sites showed common bacterial profiles containing Arcobacter, Spirochaeta, Pseudoalteromonas, Marinomonas, Fusobacterium, Psychrobacter, Psychromonas, and Oceanisphaera when spoiled, especially, among which Psychrobacter and Psychromonas (psychrotrophic genus) were represented as the most important gill spoiled bacteria during refrigerated storage, and Arcobacter with pathogenic potential was the dominated bacteria in all spoiled oysters. The consumption quality and safety of refrigerated oysters could be greatly improved by targeted control of bacteria in oyster gills according to the results the present study provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | | | - Chengfeng Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | | | - Yizhuo Shi
- University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miller WG, Yee E, Bono JL. Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter molluscorum Type Strain LMG 25693. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:e01293-18. [PMID: 30533749 PMCID: PMC6256585 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01293-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As components of freshwater and marine microflora, Arcobacter spp. are often recovered from shellfish, such as mussels, clams, and oysters. Arcobacter molluscorum was isolated from mussels from the Ebro Delta in Catalonia, Spain. This article describes the whole-genome sequence of the A. molluscorum strain LMG 25693T (= F98-3T = CECT 7696T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William G. Miller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California, USA
| | - James L. Bono
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pérez-Cataluña A, Salas-Massó N, Diéguez AL, Balboa S, Lema A, Romalde JL, Figueras MJ. Revisiting the Taxonomy of the Genus Arcobacter: Getting Order From the Chaos. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2077. [PMID: 30233547 PMCID: PMC6131481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the description of the genus Arcobacter in 1991, a total of 27 species have been described, although some species have shown 16S rRNA similarities below 95%, which is the cut-off that usually separates species that belong to different genera. The objective of the present study was to reassess the taxonomy of the genus Arcobacter using information derived from the core genome (286 genes), a Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) with 13 housekeeping genes, as well as different genomic indexes like Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI), in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH), Average Amino-acid Identity (AAI), Percentage of Conserved Proteins (POCPs), and Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU). The study included a total of 39 strains that represent all the 27 species included in the genus Arcobacter together with 13 strains that are potentially new species, and the analysis of 57 genomes. The different phylogenetic analyses showed that the Arcobacter species grouped into four clusters. In addition, A. lekithochrous and the candidatus species ‘A. aquaticus’ appeared, as did A. nitrofigilis, the type species of the genus, in separate branches. Furthermore, the genomic indices ANI and isDDH not only confirmed that all the species were well-defined, but also the coherence of the clusters. The AAI and POCP values showed intra-cluster ranges above the respective cut-off values of 60% and 50% described for species belonging to the same genus. Phenotypic analysis showed that certain test combinations could allow the differentiation of the four clusters and the three orphan species established by the phylogenetic and genomic analyses. The origin of the strains showed that each of the clusters embraced species recovered from a common or related environment. The results obtained enable the division of the current genus Arcobacter in at least seven different genera, for which the names Arcobacter, Aliiarcobacter gen. nov., Pseudoarcobacter gen. nov., Haloarcobacter gen. nov., Malacobacter gen. nov., Poseidonibacter gen. nov., and Candidate ‘Arcomarinus’ gen. nov. are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pérez-Cataluña
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Nuria Salas-Massó
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ana L Diéguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sabela Balboa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Lema
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria J Figueras
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Noto AMD, Sciortino S, Cardamone C, Ciravolo C, Napoli C, Alio V, Arculeo P, Oliveri G, Costa A. Detection of Arcobacter spp. in food products collected from Sicilia region: A preliminary study. Ital J Food Saf 2018; 7:7171. [PMID: 30046557 PMCID: PMC6036988 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2018.7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. in food samples collected from Sicilia region. A total of 91 food products of animal origin (41 meat, 17 fresh milk, 18 shellfish) and 15 samples of fresh vegetables, were examined by cultural method and confirmed by biochemical analysis and PCR methods. The detection of Arcobacter spp. was performed, after selective enrichment, on two selective agar plates: Arcobacter agar and mCCD (modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate) agar supplemented with CAT (Cefoperazone, Amphotericin B and Teicoplanin). Arcobacter species were isolated using the membrane filtration technique. In 13 (14.3%) out of the 91 tested samples, the presence of Arcobacter spp. was found: the isolates were confirmed by multiplex PCR and identified as belonging to the species A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus. The highest prevalence rate was observed in chicken meat (8.8%) followed by shellfish (3.3%). Negative results have been obtained for raw milks and vegetables samples. The preliminary study highlights the importance of this emerging pathogen and the need for further studies on its prevalence and distribution in different types of food for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Di Noto
- Food Microbiology Section, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Sciortino
- Food Microbiology Section, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cardamone
- Food Microbiology Section, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cosimo Ciravolo
- Food Microbiology Section, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Napoli
- Food Microbiology Section, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Alio
- Food Microbiology Section, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pietro Arculeo
- Food Microbiology Section, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Oliveri
- Food Microbiology Section, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Costa
- Food Microbiology Section, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Occurrence of virulence-associated genes in Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus isolates from foodstuff, water, and clinical samples within the Czech Republic. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 64:25-31. [PMID: 29936647 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of the Arcobacter (A.) genus, originating mainly from food and water, are dreaded germs for humans as well as animals. However, the virulence of these bacteria has not been fully elucidated yet. This study looked at the occurrence of eight virulence-associated factors (ciaB, cj1349, pldA, irgA, hecA, tlyA, mviN, hecB) in a total of 80 isolates of Arcobacter butzleri and 22 isolates of A. cryaerophilus. The isolates were derived from food, water, and clinical samples. A polymerase chain reaction using specific primers was used to detect these virulence-associated genes. The presence of all genes in the isolates of A. butzleri (98.8% ciaB, 95.0% cj1349, 98.8% pldA, 22.5% irgA, 31.3% hecA, 95.0% tlyA, 97.5% mviN, 38.8% hecB) and A. cryaerophilus (95.5% ciaB, 0.0% cj1349, 9.1% pldA, 0.0% irgA, 0.0% hecA, 31.8% tlyA, 90.9% mviN, 0.0% hecB) was monitored. Among the tested isolates, there were 13 isolates (12.7%) of A. butzleri, in which the presence of all eight virulence-associated genes was recorded in the genome. In contrast, in one A. cryaerophilus strain, none of the observed genes were detected. The presence of ciaB and mviN genes was significantly more frequent in A. cryaerophilus isolates than other genes (P < 0.05). In general, more virulence-associated genes have been detected in A. butzleri isolates compared to A. cryaerophilus. The most common gene combination (ciaB, cj1349, pldA, tlyA, mviN) was detected in case of 39 isolates. In 50.0% of A. butzleri isolates derived from clinical samples, all eight virulence-associated genes were significantly more frequently detected (P < 0.05). The tlyA gene occurred significantly more frequent in A. butzleri isolates from meat and water samples and irgA and hecB genes in clinical samples. Therefore, our study provides information about occurrence of virulence-associated genes in genome of Arcobacter isolates. These findings could be hazardous to human health, because the presence of virulence-associated genes is the assumption for potential dangerousness of these bacteria. Our results indicate high incidence of virulence-associated genes in Arcobacter genomes and hence potentially pathogenic properties of the studied strains.
Collapse
|
36
|
Riesenberg A, Frömke C, Stingl K, Feßler AT, Gölz G, Glocker EO, Kreienbrock L, Klarmann D, Werckenthin C, Schwarz S. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Arcobacter butzleri: development and application of a new protocol for broth microdilution. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:2769-2774. [PMID: 29091194 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop a standard reference broth microdilution method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Arcobacter butzleri. The protocol was subsequently applied to a collection of A. butzleri isolates from different sources. Methods Broth microdilution susceptibility testing was performed on eight A. butzleri isolates in three media: non-supplemented CAMHB, CAMHB + 2% FBS and CAMHB + 5% FBS. The MIC values were read after 24 and 48 h of incubation at 35 ± 2 °C in ambient air. A logistic regression model was used to determine the combination of medium and incubation time yielding the most homogeneous results. Subsequently, the protocol was applied to 65 A. butzleri isolates to determine their MICs of 31 antimicrobial agents. Results The statistical analysis revealed that the most homogeneous MIC values were obtained with CAMHB + 5% FBS and reading of MIC values after 24 h of incubation. The standardized method was successful for AST of all 65 A. butzleri isolates. MIC values were distributed unimodally for most antimicrobial agents. However, one field isolate showed elevated MIC values of gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions This study presents a new protocol for AST of A. butzleri by broth microdilution and shows the distribution of MIC values of 31 antimicrobial agents for a collection of A. butzleri isolates from different origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Riesenberg
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Cornelia Frömke
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Gölz
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik-Oliver Glocker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Brandenburg Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Klarmann
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Werckenthin
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Salas-Massó N, Figueras MJ, Andree KB, Furones MD. Do the Escherichia coli European Union shellfish safety standards predict the presence of Arcobacter spp., a potential zoonotic pathogen? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1171-1179. [PMID: 29929229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Arcobacter comprises Campylobacter-related species, considered zoonotic emergent pathogens, the presence of which in water has been associated with fecal pollution. Discharges of fecal polluted water into the sea have been considered as one of the main reasons for the presence of Arcobacter in shellfish, and this may represent a risk for public health. In this study, the European Union shellfish food safety criteria based on levels of Escherichia coli were studied in relation to their capacity to predict the presence of Arcobacter species. In addition, the accumulation factor (AF) that measures the concentration ratio between the microbes present in the shellfish and in the water, was also studied for both bacteria. The results show that the presence of E. coli correlated with the presence of the potentially pathogenic species A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus. However, in 26.1% of the shellfish samples (corresponding to those taken during summer months) E. coli failed to predict the presence of, for instance A. butzleri and A. skirrowii, among other species. In the rest of the samples a significant correlation between the concentration of E. coli and Arcobacter spp. (mussels and oyster; R2=0.744) was found. This study indicates that the presence of E. coli can predict the presence of pathogenic Arcobacter species in shellfish samples harvested from water with temperatures lower than 26.2°C. Consumption of shellfish collected at higher temperatures which may not be permissive to the growth of E. coli but does allow growth of Arcobacter spp., may represent a risk for consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Salas-Massó
- IRTA Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Carretera Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; Unit of Microbiology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - M José Figueras
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Carretera Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - M Dolors Furones
- IRTA Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Carretera Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ramees TP, Dhama K, Karthik K, Rathore RS, Kumar A, Saminathan M, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Singh RK. Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2017; 37:136-161. [PMID: 28438095 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1323355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being incessantly emerging (presently 25 species have been identified) with novel information on the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic diversity among different Arcobacter species. These have been reported from chickens, domestic animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, dogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes and chelonians), meat (poultry, pork, goat, lamb, beef, rabbit), vegetables and from humans in different countries. Arcobacters are implicated as causative agents of diarrhea, mastitis and abortion in animals, while causing bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Three species including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are predominantly associated with clinical conditions. Arcobacters are primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Identification of Arcobacter by biochemical tests is difficult and isolation remains the gold standard method. Current diagnostic advances have provided various molecular methods for efficient detection and differentiation of the Arcobacters at genus and species level. To overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance problem there is an essential need to explore the potential of novel and alternative therapies. Strengthening of the diagnostic aspects is also suggested as in most cases Arcobacters goes unnoticed and hence the exact epidemiological status remains uncertain. This review updates the current knowledge and many aspects of this important food-borne pathogen, namely etiology, evolution and emergence, genetic diversity, epidemiology, the disease in animals and humans, public health concerns, and advances in its diagnosis, prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thadiyam Puram Ramees
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- c Central University Laboratory , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - Ramswaroop Singh Rathore
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- d Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences , UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura , India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- e Division of Biological Standardization , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- f ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rathlavath S, Kohli V, Singh AS, Lekshmi M, Tripathi G, Kumar S, Nayak BB. Virulence genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from seafood and its environment. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 263:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Barboza K, Cubillo Z, Castro E, Redondo-Solano M, Fernández-Jaramillo H, Echandi MLA. First isolation report of Arcobacter cryaerophilus from a human diarrhea sample in Costa Rica. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e72. [PMID: 29116292 PMCID: PMC5679684 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter cryaerophilus is an emerging enteropathogen and potential
zoonotic agent transmitted by food and water. In Costa Rica, this bacterium has not
been associated with cases of human gastroenteritis, even though it has been isolated
from farm animals, especially poultry. This paper reports the first isolation of
A. cryaerophilus from a human case of bloody watery diarrhea and
the virulence genes associated with this isolate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Castro
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Redondo-Solano
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - María Laura Arias Echandi
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, San José, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
González A, Bayas Morejón IF, Ferrús MA. Isolation, molecular identification and quinolone-susceptibility testing of Arcobacter spp. isolated from fresh vegetables in Spain. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:279-283. [PMID: 28400014 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Some species of the Arcobacter genus are considered emerging foodborne and waterborne enteropathogens. However, the presence of Arcobacter spp. in vegetables very little is known, because most studies have focused on foods of animal origin. On the other hand, quinolones are considered as first-line drugs for the treatment of infection by campylobacteria in human patients, but few data are currently available about the resistance levels to these antibiotics among Arcobacter species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence and diversity of arcobacters isolated from fresh vegetables such as lettuces, spinaches, chards and cabbages. Resistance to quinolones of the isolates was also investigated. One hundred fresh vegetables samples purchased from seven local retail markets in Valencia (Spain) during eight months were analysed. The study included 41 lettuces, 21 spinaches, 34 chards and 4 cabbages. Samples were analysed by culture and by molecular methods before and after enrichment. By culture, 17 out of 100 analysed samples were Arcobacter positive and twenty-five isolates were obtained from them. Direct detection by PCR was low, with only 4% Arcobacter spp. positive samples. This percentage increased considerably, up 20%, after 48 h enrichment. By polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), 17 out of the 25 isolates were identified as A. butzleri and 8 as A. cryaerophilus. Only two A. butzleri isolates showed resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The sequencing of a fragment of the QRDR region of the gyrA gene from the quinolones-resistant isolates revealed the presence of a mutation in position 254 of this gene (C-T transition). This study is the first report about the presence of pathogenic species of Arcobacter spp. in chards and cabbages and confirms that fresh vegetables can act as transmission vehicle to humans. Moreover, the presence of A. butzleri quinolone resistant in vegetables could pose a potential public health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana González
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isidro Favián Bayas Morejón
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Antonia Ferrús
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rathlavath S, Kumar S, Nayak BB. Comparative isolation and genetic diversity of Arcobacter sp. from fish and the coastal environment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:42-49. [PMID: 28394467 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter species are emerging food-borne and water-borne human pathogens associated mostly with food animals and their environment. The present study was aimed to isolate Arcobacter species from fish, shellfish and coastal water samples using two methods and to determine their genetic diversity. Of 201 samples of fish, shellfish and water samples analysed, 66 (32·8%) samples showed the presence of Arcobacter DNA from both Arcobacter enrichment broth and Bolton broth. Arcobacters were isolated from 58 (87·8%) and 38 (57·5%) of Arcobacter DNA-positive samples using Arcobacter blood agar and Preston blood agar, respectively. Arcobacter sp. identified by biochemical tests were further analysed by a genus-specific PCR, followed by a multiplex-PCR and 16S rRNA-RFLP. From both the methods, four different Arcobacter species namely Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, Arcobacter mytili and Arcobacter defluvii were isolated, of which A. butzleri was the predominant species. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR fingerprint analysis revealed that the arcobacters isolated in this study were genetically very diverse and no specific genotype was found associated with a specific source (seafood or water). Since pathogenic arcobacters are not known to be natural inhabitants of coastal marine environment, identifying the sources of contamination will be crucial for effective management of this problem. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Arcobacter sp. are emerging food- and water-borne human pathogens. In this study, comparison of two selective media suggested Arcobacter blood agar to be more efficient in yielding Arcobacter sp. from seafood. Furthermore, the isolation of Arcobacter sp. such as Arcobacter butzleri, A. skirrowii, A. mytili and A. defluvii from seafood suggests diverse sources of contamination of seafood by Arcobacter sp. Analysis of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR patterns of A. butzleri showed high genetic diversity and lack of clonality among the isolates. Arcobacter contamination of seafood is an emerging issue both from seafood safety and seafood trade point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rathlavath
- Quality Control Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India
| | - S Kumar
- Quality Control Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India
| | - B B Nayak
- Quality Control Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Córdoba-Calderón O, Redondo-Solano M, Castro-Arias E, Arias-EchandI ML. Arcobacter Isolation from Minced Beef Samples in Costa Rica. J Food Prot 2017; 80:775-778. [PMID: 28371592 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of Arcobacter spp. in minced meat (including beef) samples has been well documented in different countries, with varying frequencies. Nevertheless, the only Latin American country reporting this bacterium in minced beef samples is Mexico, with a 28.8% frequency in 2003. Previous studies in Costa Rica have demonstrated the presence of Arcobacter species in samples taken from the poultry production chain, but still there are no studies performed in bovine meat. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of this bacterium in 120 samples of minced beef acquired from the Central Valley region of Costa Rica and to describe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates obtained. A total of 75 different Arcobacter strains were isolated from minced beef samples, for a final frequency of 48.3%. After species PCR identification, the strains were classified as A. butzleri (37.3%), A. cibarius (14.7%), A. thereius (12%), and Arcobacter spp. (36%). All samples were sensitive to gentamicin but were resistant to ampicillin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The results obtained in this study show that the frequency of isolation of Arcobacter in minced beef samples is high and that there is a high resistance rate for antibiotics in common use. This suggests that Arcobacter represents a health risk for Costa Rica and that control measures should be developed to decrease its potential impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Córdoba-Calderón
- Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Redondo-Solano
- Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - María Laura Arias-EchandI
- Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Barboza K, Angulo I, Zumbado L, Redondo-Solano M, Castro E, Arias ML. Isolation and Identification of Arcobacter Species from Costa Rican Poultry Production and Retail Sources. J Food Prot 2017; 80:779-782. [PMID: 28371593 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter is a gram-negative rod recognized as a potential food- and waterborne pathogen; nevertheless, little is known about the effects of this pathogen on human and animal health. Although Arcobacter species are commonly found in nature, poultry is suspected to be the main vehicle for the transmission of this pathogen. The aims of this work were to determine the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in broilers produced in Costa Rica for human consumption and to analyze the pathogenic capacity of the isolates through the detection of virulence genes. One hundred fifty-two samples of cecal content (87 farms), 104 samples of carcass rinse after chiller (six processing plants), and 96 carcass rinses from as many retail stores were analyzed. The suspicious isolates were identified using genus-specific PCR, and species-level identification was achieved with a multiplex PCR. Virulence genes were identified using the protocol described by L. Douidah, L. de Zutter, J. Baré, P. De Vos, P. Vandamme, O. Vandenberg, A.-M. Van den Abeele, and K. Houf (J. Clin. Microbiol. 50:735-741, 2012), which includes nine different virulence genes. The overall isolation frequency of Arcobacter was 6.5% (n = 23). Eight (34.8%) of the isolates came from cecal content, 2 (8.7%) were isolated from samples taken after chiller, and 13 (56.5%) were from retail stores. The species isolated included A. thereius (30.4%), A. butzleri (21.7%), A. skirrowii (4.3%), and A. cibarius (4.3%). The remaining samples were classified as Arcobacter sp. Gene tlyA was the most prevalent virulence gene, present in 9 of 23 samples analyzed; genes hecA and pldA were present in one only strain each. A strain of A. butzleri isolated from a retail store presented the highest number of virulence genes (five), and 11 samples did not present any of the genes analyzed. The results obtained suggest that the presence of virulent Arcobacter isolates in the poultry production chain from Costa Rica could be a risk for individuals who consume the contaminated product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Barboza
- Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Irina Angulo
- Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Leana Zumbado
- Veterinary School, Universidad Nacional, 40101 Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Redondo-Solano
- Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo Castro
- Medical Sciences University (UCIMED), 10103 San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - María Laura Arias
- Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Webb AL, Taboada EN, Selinger LB, Boras VF, Inglis GD. Prevalence and diversity of waterborne Arcobacter butzleri in southwestern Alberta, Canada. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:330-340. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri is a potential enteric pathogen to human beings, but its reservoirs and modes of transmission are largely unverified. Microbiological and molecular detection and subtyping techniques can facilitate surveillance of A. butzleri in hosts and environmental reservoirs. We isolated A. butzleri from 173 surface water samples (25.6%) and 81 treated wastewater samples (77.9%) collected in southwestern Alberta over a 1-year period. Arcobacter butzleri isolates (n = 500) were genotyped and compared to determine diversity of A. butzleri in southwestern Alberta. Culture methods affected the frequency of detection and genotype diversity of A. butzleri, and isolation comprehensiveness was different for surface waters and treated wastewaters. Detection of A. butzleri in the Oldman River Watershed corresponded with season, river flow rates, and fecal coliform densities. Arcobacter butzleri was detected most frequently in treated wastewater, in the Oldman River downstream from treated wastewater outfalls, and in tributaries near areas of intensive confined feeding operations. All sample sources possessed high genotype diversity, and A. butzleri isolates from treated wastewaters were genetically similar to isolates from the Oldman River downriver from treated wastewater outfall sites. In southwestern Alberta, municipal and agricultural activities contribute to the density and genotype diversity of A. butzleri in surface waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Webb
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - L. Brent Selinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valerie F. Boras
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chinook Regional Hospital, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hänel I, Tomaso H, Neubauer H. [Arcobacter - an underestimated zoonotic pathogen?]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:789-94. [PMID: 27177896 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relevance for public health of the agent Arcobacter is mostly unclear despite of an increasing number of studies. Recent evidence shows that especially Arcobacter (A.) butzleri but also A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii may be involved in human enteric diseases. However, little is currently known about pathogenicity or potential virulence factors. Livestock animals, particularly poultry and pigs, might be a significant reservoir of Arcobacter spp. Furthermore, Arcobacter spp. could be isolated from retail raw meat products of these animals as well as from drinking water. There are currently no standardized isolation and detection methods to collect comparable data. Further studies and efforts of both human and veterinary medicine are needed to elucidate prevalence, epidemiology, the pathogenic role and potential virulence factors of Arcobacter spp. These data are the necessary basis for further risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hänel
- Institut für bakterielle Infektionen und Zoonosen, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Deutschland.
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institut für bakterielle Infektionen und Zoonosen, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institut für bakterielle Infektionen und Zoonosen, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ottaviani D, Mosca F, Chierichetti S, Tiscar PG, Leoni F. Genetic diversity of Arcobacter isolated from bivalves of Adriatic and their interactions with Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6:e00400. [PMID: 27650799 PMCID: PMC5300876 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human food-borne pathogens Arcobacter butzleri and A. cryaerophilus have been frequently isolated from the intestinal tracts and fecal samples of different farm animals and, after excretion, these microorganisms can contaminate the environment, including the aquatic one. In this regard, A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus have been detected in seawater and bivalves of coastal areas which are affected by fecal contamination. The capability of bivalve hemocytes to interact with bacteria has been proposed as the main factor inversely conditioning their persistence in the bivalve. In this study, 12 strains of Arcobacter spp. were isolated between January and May 2013 from bivalves of Central Adriatic Sea of Italy in order to examine their genetic diversity as well as in vitro interactions with bivalve components of the immune response, such as hemocytes. Of these, seven isolates were A. butzleri and five A. cryaerophilus, and were genetically different. All strains showed ability to induce spreading and respiratory burst of Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes. Overall, our data demonstrate the high genetic diversity of these microorganisms circulating in the marine study area. Moreover, the Arcobacter-bivalve interaction suggests that they do not have a potential to persist in the tissues of M. galloprovincialis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ottaviani
- Sezione di AnconaLaboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) Contaminazioni Batteriologiche Molluschi Bivalvi ViviIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | | | - Serena Chierichetti
- Sezione di AnconaLaboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) Contaminazioni Batteriologiche Molluschi Bivalvi ViviIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | | | - Francesca Leoni
- Sezione di AnconaLaboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) Contaminazioni Batteriologiche Molluschi Bivalvi ViviIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Morejón IFB, González A, Ferrús MA. Detection, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Arcobacter spp. Isolated from Shellfish in Spain. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:238-243. [PMID: 28121468 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to determine the presence of Arcobacter spp. in shellfish and to determine its susceptibility to quinolones. One hundred samples (41 mussels, 37 clams, and 22 cockles) were purchased from different local retail shops in Valencia, Spain, from September 2013 to June 2015. All samples were analyzed simultaneously by culture, after an enrichment step, and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), directly and after enrichment. The susceptibility to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin of the isolates was tested using the disk-diffusion test and E-test strips method. To clarify the mechanism of quinolone resistance, a fragment of the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene was sequenced. Thirty-seven samples were positive and 49 isolates were obtained by culture, and Arcobacter spp. DNA was detected in 32% of the samples by PCR. However, after 48-h enrichment, the number of positive samples increased, and 68 of the 100 samples yielded the specific Arcobacter spp. PCR product. In addition, 49 isolates were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The most commonly found species was Arcobacter butzleri (25 isolates, 51.03%) followed by Arcobacter cryaerophilus (19 isolates, 38.77%) and Arcobacter defluvii (5 isolates, 10.20%). Only three isolates of A. butzleri were resistant to both antibiotics. A mutation C to T transition in the position 254 of the gyrA gene was present in the three resistant isolates. This study confirms that pathogenic arcobacters are frequently found in edible shellfish samples. Moreover, this is the first time that A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus have been isolated from cockles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana González
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia, Spain
| | - María Antonia Ferrús
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Leoni F, Chierichetti S, Santarelli S, Talevi G, Masini L, Bartolini C, Rocchegiani E, Naceur Haouet M, Ottaviani D. Occurrence of Arcobacter spp. and correlation with the bacterial indicator of faecal contamination Escherichia coli in bivalve molluscs from the Central Adriatic, Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 245:6-12. [PMID: 28113092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A total of 162 samples of bivalve molluscs (45 mussels and 117 clams) collected between December 2012 and 2014 from harvesting areas of the Central Adriatic were analysed by a culturing method for the presence of Arcobacter spp. Species identification was performed by PCR and sequencing analysis of a fragment of the rpoB gene. Overall, Arcobacter species were detected in 30% of samples, specifically 33% clams and 22% mussels. A. butzleri was the most common species (20% of the samples), followed by A. cryaerophilus (9%) and A. skirrowii (1%). A seasonal association of A. butzleri contamination was detected. A. butzleri was significantly more commonly recovered from samples collected during the winter-spring period (29%) than from those of the summer-autumn (8%). A. cryaerophilus was cultured from 6% to 11% of the samples collected in summer-autumn and winter-spring, respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant. A. skirrowii was recovered from a sample of mussels harvested in May 2014. To identify associations between the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. and E. coli levels, samples were divided into groups generating results with E. coli at >230MPN/100g and E. coli at ≤230MPN/100g, the latter corresponding to EU microbiological criteria allowed for live bivalve molluscs at retail level. A. butzleri was significantly more commonly detected in samples with higher E. coli levels (48%) than in those with lower levels of E. coli (10%), providing evidence for considering E. coli as an index organism for A. butzleri contamination in bivalve molluscs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Sezione di Ancona, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Serena Chierichetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Sezione di Ancona, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sabrina Santarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Sezione di Ancona, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Talevi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Sezione di Ancona, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Masini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Sezione di Ancona, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bartolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Sezione di Ancona, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Rocchegiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Sezione di Ancona, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - M Naceur Haouet
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Sezione di Ancona, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Donatella Ottaviani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Sezione di Ancona, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Salas-Massó N, Andree KB, Furones MD, Figueras MJ. Enhanced recovery of Arcobacter spp. using NaCl in culture media and re-assessment of the traits of Arcobacter marinus and Arcobacter halophilus isolated from marine water and shellfish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:1355-1361. [PMID: 27282494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Arcobacter is a relatively poorly known group of bacteria, and the number of new species and sequences from non-culturable strains has increased considerably in recent years. This study investigates whether using media that contain NaCl might help to improve the recovery of Arcobacter spp. from marine environments. To this aim, 62 water and shellfish samples were analysed in parallel, with both a commonly used culture method (enrichment in Arcobacter-CAT broth followed by culture on Blood Agar) and a new one that supplements the Arcobacter-CAT enrichment broth with 2.5% NaCl (w/v) followed by culturing on Marine Agar. The new method yielded ca. 40% more positive samples and provided a higher diversity of known (11 vs. 7) and unknown (7 vs. 2) Arcobacter species. Among the 11 known species recovered, Arcobacter marinus and Arcobacter halophilus were isolated only by this new method. No more strains of these species have been isolated since their original descriptions, both of which were based only on a single strain. In view of that, the phenotypic characteristics of these species are re-evaluated in the present study, using the new strains. Strains of A. halophilus had the same phenotypic profile as the type strain. However, some strains of A. marinus differed from the type strain in that they did not hydrolyse indoxyl-acetate, becoming, therefore, the first Arcobacter species to show a varying ability to hydrolyse indoxyl-acetate. This study shows to what extent a simple variation to the culture media can have a big influence on positive samples and on the community of species recovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Salas-Massó
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; IRTA-Sant Carles de la Rápita, Ctra. Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA-Sant Carles de la Rápita, Ctra. Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Dolors Furones
- IRTA-Sant Carles de la Rápita, Ctra. Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M José Figueras
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|