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Livne-Bar I, Maurya S, Gronert K, Sivak JM. Lipoxins A 4 and B 4 inhibit glial cell activation via CXCR3 signaling in acute retinal neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38212822 PMCID: PMC10782675 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins are small lipids that are potent endogenous mediators of systemic inflammation resolution in a variety of diseases. We previously reported that Lipoxins A4 and B4 (LXA4 and LXB4) have protective activities against neurodegenerative injury. Yet, lipoxin activities and downstream signaling in neuroinflammatory processes are not well understood. Here, we utilized a model of posterior uveitis induced by lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS), which results in rapid retinal neuroinflammation primarily characterized by activation of resident macroglia (astrocytes and Müller glia), and microglia. Using this model, we observed that each lipoxin reduces acute inner retinal inflammation by affecting endogenous glial responses in a cascading sequence beginning with astrocytes and then microglia, depending on the timing of exposure; prophylactic or therapeutic. Subsequent analyses of retinal cytokines and chemokines revealed inhibition of both CXCL9 (MIG) and CXCL10 (IP10) by each lipoxin, compared to controls, following LPS injection. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are common ligands for the CXCR3 chemokine receptor, which is prominently expressed in inner retinal astrocytes and ganglion cells. We found that CXCR3 inhibition reduces LPS-induced neuroinflammation, while CXCR3 agonism alone induces astrocyte reactivity. Together, these data uncover a novel lipoxin-CXCR3 pathway to promote distinct anti-inflammatory and proresolution cascades in endogenous retinal glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Livne-Bar
- Department of Vision Sciences, Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shubham Maurya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy M Sivak
- Department of Vision Sciences, Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada.
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2
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Bigotte M, Gimenez M, Gavoille A, Deligiannopoulou A, El Hajj A, Croze S, Goumaidi A, Malleret G, Salin P, Giraudon P, Ruiz A, Marignier R. Ependyma: a new target for autoantibodies in neuromyelitis optica? Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac307. [PMID: 36751497 PMCID: PMC9897195 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by the presence of autoantibodies (called NMO-IgG) targeting aquaporin-4. Aquaporin-4 is expressed at the perivascular foot processes of astrocytes, in the glia limitans, but also at the ependyma. Most studies have focused on studying the pathogenicity of NMO-IgG on astrocytes, and NMO is now considered an astrocytopathy. However, periependymal lesions are observed in NMO suggesting that ependymal cells could also be targeted by NMO-IgG. Ependymal cells regulate CSF-parenchyma molecular exchanges and CSF flow, and are a niche for sub-ventricular neural stem cells. Our aim was to examine the effect of antibodies from NMO patients on ependymal cells. We exposed two models, i.e. primary cultures of rat ependymal cells and explant cultures of rat lateral ventricular wall whole mounts, to purified IgG of NMO patients (NMO-IgG) for 24 hours. We then evaluated the treatment effect using immunolabelling, functional assays, ependymal flow analysis and bulk RNA sequencing. For each experiment, the effects were compared with those of purified IgG from a healthy donors and non-treated cells. We found that: (i) NMO-IgG induced aquaporin-4 agglomeration at the surface of ependymal cells and induced cell enlargement in comparison to controls. In parallel, it induced an increase in gap junction connexin-43 plaque size; (ii) NMO-IgG altered the orientation of ciliary basal bodies and functionally impaired cilia motility; (iii) NMO-IgG activated the proliferation of sub-ventricular neural stem cells; (iv) treatment with NMO-IgG up-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the transcriptomic analysis. Our study showed that NMO-IgG can trigger an early and specific reactive phenotype in ependymal cells, with functional alterations of intercellular communication and cilia, activation of sub-ventricular stem cell proliferation and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest a key role for ependymal cells in the early phase of NMO lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bigotte
- FORGETTING Team—Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Marie Gimenez
- FORGETTING Team—Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Antoine Gavoille
- Service de neurologie, sclérose en plaques, pathologies de la myéline et neuroinflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France,Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénitem, France
| | - Adamantia Deligiannopoulou
- FORGETTING Team—Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Aseel El Hajj
- FORGETTING Team—Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Severine Croze
- Profilexpert, Genomic and Microgenomic Service, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, SFR santé LYON-EST, UCBL-INSERM US 7-CNRS UMS 3453, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Gael Malleret
- FORGETTING Team—Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Paul Salin
- FORGETTING Team—Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Pascale Giraudon
- FORGETTING Team—Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Anne Ruiz
- FORGETTING Team—Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Romain Marignier
- Correspondence to: Romain Marignier Centre de référence des maladies inflammatoires rares du cerveau et de la moelle Service de neurologie, sclérose en plaques pathologies de la myéline et neuro-inflammation Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France E-mail:
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Kamińska J, Maciejczyk M, Ćwiklińska A, Matowicka-Karna J, Koper-Lenkiewicz OM. Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Levels are Significantly Altered in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm (UIA) Patients. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6245-6261. [PMID: 36386592 PMCID: PMC9664915 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s380524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identifying all the relevant “players” in the formation and development of brain aneurysms may help understand the mechanisms responsible for the formation of an aneurysm, as well as in the search for non-invasive targets for aneurysm pharmacotherapy. Aim The evaluation of the concentration of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) in comparison to individuals without vascular lesions in the brain. Methods The concentration of 27 proteins in the CSF and serum of UIA patients (N = 40) and individuals without vascular lesions in the brain (N = 15) was evaluated using a multiplex ELISA kit (Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex Panel). Results In the CSF 13 out of 27 proteins evaluated presented a concentration 1.36-fold or greater in UIA patients in comparison to the control group. Significantly higher were IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, TNF-α, INF-γ, MCP-1, and VEGF. In the serum none of the proteins evaluated significantly differ between UIA patients and the control group. The correlation coefficient analysis showed that CSF IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α positively, while IL-13 negatively correlated with the size of aneurysms. CSF IL-6 and MCP-1 concentrations positively correlated with the number of aneurysms. Conclusion In patients with UIA, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are activated simultaneously, because the concentration of promoting and suppressing inflammatory response proteins was significantly higher in CSF of UIA patients compared to the control group. The preventive therapy of brain aneurysm development should be focused on IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α, the concentration of which in CSF positively correlated with the size and number of aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: Joanna Kamińska, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15A Jerzego Waszyngtona St, Białystok, 15-269S, Poland, Tel/Fax + 48 85 7468584, Email
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Soltani Khaboushan A, Pahlevan-Fallahy MT, Shobeiri P, Teixeira AL, Rezaei N. Cytokines and chemokines profile in encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273920. [PMID: 36048783 PMCID: PMC9436077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encephalitis is caused by autoimmune or infectious agents marked by brain inflammation. Investigations have reported altered concentrations of the cytokines in encephalitis. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between encephalitis and alterations of cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. METHODS We found possibly suitable studies by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, systematically from inception to August 2021. 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis. To investigate sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. The protocol of the study has been registered in PROSPERO with a registration ID of CRD42021289298. RESULTS A total of 23 met our eligibility criteria to be included in the meta-analysis. A total of 12 cytokines were included in the meta-analysis of CSF concentration. Moreover, 5 cytokines were also included in the serum/plasma concentration meta-analysis. According to the analyses, patients with encephalitis had higher CSF amounts of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, and TNF-α than healthy controls. The alteration in the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL13, and IFN-γ was not significant. In addition, the serum/plasma levels of the TNF-α were increased in encephalitis patients, but serum/plasma concentration of the IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, and CXCL13 remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides evidence for higher CSF concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, and TNF-α in encephalitis patients compared to controls. The diagnostic and prognostic value of these cytokines and chemokines should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Soltani Khaboushan
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taha Pahlevan-Fallahy
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Non–Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antônio L. Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Fortova A, Hönig V, Palus M, Salat J, Pychova M, Krbkova L, Vyhlidalova T, Kriha MF, Chrdle A, Ruzek D. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit as a marker of neuroaxonal damage in tick-borne encephalitis. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35506983 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive axonal and neuronal loss is the main cause of severe manifestations and poor outcomes in tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) is an essential component of axons, and its detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum can indicate the degree of neuroaxonal damage. We examined the use of pNF-H as a biomarker of neuroaxonal injury in TBE. In 89 patients with acute TBE, we measured CSF levels of pNF-H and 3 other markers of brain injury (glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100B and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1) and compared the results to those for patients with meningitis of other aetiology and controls. Serum pNF-H levels were measured in 80 patients and compared with findings for 90 healthy blood donors. TBE patients had significantly (P<0.001) higher CSF pNF-H levels than controls as early as hospital admission. Serum pNF-H concentrations were significantly higher in samples from TBE patients collected at hospital discharge (P<0.0001) than in controls. TBE patients with the highest peak values of serum pNF-H, exceeding 10 000 pg ml-1, had a very severe disease course, with coma or tetraplegia. Patients requiring intensive care had significantly higher serum pNF-H levels than other TBE patients (P<0.01). Elevated serum pNF-H values were also observed in patients with incomplete recovery (P<0.05). Peak serum pNF-H levels correlated positively with the duration of hospitalization (P=0.005). Measurement of pNF-H levels in TBE patients might be useful for assessing disease severity and determining prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fortova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Hönig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Martin Palus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Jiri Salat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Martina Pychova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Krbkova
- Department of Children's Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Masaryk University, CZ-61300 Brno, Czechia
| | - Tereza Vyhlidalova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Michal F Kriha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37001 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Ales Chrdle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37001 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot St, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
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Xu J, Sun Z, Li W, Liu L, Gao F, Pan D. Epidemiological characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles of enterovirus encephalitis in children in Hangzhou, China. J Med Virol 2021; 94:2645-2652. [PMID: 34862630 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are common causes of viral encephalitis in children. To better understand the epidemiological and pathological characteristics of EV encephalitis, we enrolled suspected encephalitis patients younger than 15 years old in Hangzhou, China, from October 2016 to September 2019 for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection and analyses. A total of 7735 CSF samples were collected, among which 330 (4.27%) were positive for the EV genome. The positivity rate was significantly higher in boys than girls (χ2 = 5.68, p = 0.02). The monthly case numbers peaked from June to August (80.30%). Among the different age groups, the 0-2 months age group showed the highest number of cases (28.48% of all cases). The 6-7 years (10.82%) and 9-10 years (9.29%) age groups showed the highest EV-positivity rates among suspected encephalitis cases. Sixty-two EV-positive and 53 control CSF samples were collected for Bio-Plex Pro human cytokine assays that simultaneously tested 48 cytokines. Principle component analyses showed significant separation between EV-positive and control samples, but insignificant separation between children and newborns. The levels of 28 cytokines and chemokines were significantly elevated in the EV-positive group including many proinflammatory and a few anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as chemokines belonging to the CC and CXC subfamilies. Only one cytokine, stem cell growth factor-β, showed a decrease in the EV-positive group. Thus, this study revealed age, sex, and seasonal preferences for EV encephalitis incidences in children and identified many cytokines dysregulated during EV encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongli Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, and Department of Infectious Diseases of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Mroczko B. Selected Biomarkers of Tick-Borne Encephalitis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10615. [PMID: 34638953 PMCID: PMC8509006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an acute disease caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus. Due to the viral nature of the condition, there is no effective causal treatment for full-blown disease. Current and nonspecific TBE treatments only relieve symptoms. Unfortunately, the first phase of TBE is characterized by flu-like symptoms, making diagnosis difficult during this period. The second phase is referred to as the neurological phase as it involves structures in the central nervous system-most commonly the meninges and, in more severe cases, the brain and the spinal cord. Therefore, it is important that early markers of TBE that will guide clinical decision-making and the choice of treatment are established. In this review, we performed an extensive search of literature reports relevant to biomarkers associated with TBE using the MEDLINE/PubMed database. We observed that apart from routinely determined specific immunoglobulins, free light chains may also be useful in the evaluation of intrathecal synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS) during TBEV infection. Moreover, selected metalloproteinases, chemokines, or cytokines appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of TBE as a consequence of inflammatory reactions and recruitment of white blood cells into the CNS. Furthermore, we reported promising findings on tau protein or Toll-like receptors. It was also observed that some people may be predisposed to TBE. Therefore, to understand the role of selected tick-borne encephalitis biomarkers, we categorized these factors and discussed their potential application in the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, or management of TBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Pavletič M, Korva M, Knap N, Bogovič P, Lusa L, Strle K, Nahtigal Klevišar M, Vovko T, Tomažič J, Lotrič-Furlan S, Strle F, Avšič-Županc T. Upregulated Intrathecal Expression of VEGF-A and Long Lasting Global Upregulation of Proinflammatory Immune Mediators in Vaccine Breakthrough Tick-Borne Encephalitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:696337. [PMID: 34277474 PMCID: PMC8281926 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.696337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anti-TBE vaccines are highly effective, vaccine breakthrough (VBT) cases have been reported. With increasing evidence for immune system involvement in TBE pathogenesis, we characterized the immune mediators reflecting innate and adaptive T and B cell responses in neurological and convalescent phase in VBT TBE patients. At the beginning of the neurological phase, VBT patients have significantly higher serum levels of several innate and adaptive inflammatory cytokines compared to healthy donors, reflecting a global inflammatory state. The majority of cytokines, particularly those associated with innate and Th1 responses, are highly concentrated in CSF and positively correlate with intrathecal immune cell counts, demonstrating the localization of Th1 and proinflammatory responses in CNS, the site of disease in TBE. Interestingly, compared to unvaccinated TBE patients, VBT TBE patients have significantly higher CSF levels of VEGF-A and IFN-β and higher systemic levels of neutrophil chemoattractants IL-8/CXCL8 and GROα/CXCL1 on admission. Moreover, serum levels of IL-8/CXCL8 and GROα/CXCL1 remain elevated for two months after the onset of neurological symptoms, indicating a prolonged systemic immune activation in VBT patients. These findings provide the first insights into the type of immune responses and their dynamics during TBE in VBT patients. An observed systemic upregulation of neutrophil derived inflammation in acute and convalescent phase of TBE together with highly expressed VEGF-A could contribute to BBB disruption that facilitates the entry of immune cells and supports the intrathecal localization of Th1 responses observed in VBT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miša Pavletič
- Laboratory for Diagnostic of Zoonoses and World Health Organization (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Misa Korva
- Laboratory for Diagnostic of Zoonoses and World Health Organization (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Knap
- Laboratory for Diagnostic of Zoonoses and World Health Organization (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Bogovič
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lara Lusa
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Strle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State (NYS) Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | | | - Tomaž Vovko
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Tomažič
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanka Lotrič-Furlan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Strle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Laboratory for Diagnostic of Zoonoses and World Health Organization (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Remsik J, Wilcox JA, Babady NE, McMillen TA, Vachha BA, Halpern NA, Dhawan V, Rosenblum M, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Avila EK, Santomasso B, Boire A. Inflammatory Leptomeningeal Cytokines Mediate COVID-19 Neurologic Symptoms in Cancer Patients. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:276-283.e3. [PMID: 33508216 PMCID: PMC7833316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a wide spectrum of neurologic dysfunction that emerges weeks after the acute respiratory infection. To better understand this pathology, we prospectively analyzed of a cohort of cancer patients with neurologic manifestations of COVID-19, including a targeted proteomics analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. We find that cancer patients with neurologic sequelae of COVID-19 harbor leptomeningeal inflammatory cytokines in the absence of viral neuroinvasion. The majority of these inflammatory mediators are driven by type II interferon and are known to induce neuronal injury in other disease states. In these patients, levels of matrix metalloproteinase-10 within the spinal fluid correlate with the degree of neurologic dysfunction. Furthermore, this neuroinflammatory process persists weeks after convalescence from acute respiratory infection. These prolonged neurologic sequelae following systemic cytokine release syndrome lead to long-term neurocognitive dysfunction. Our findings suggest a role for anti-inflammatory treatment(s) in the management of neurologic complications of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Remsik
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jessica A Wilcox
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - N Esther Babady
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tracy A McMillen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Behroze A Vachha
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neil A Halpern
- Department of Critical Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vikram Dhawan
- Department of Critical Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edward K Avila
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bianca Santomasso
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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10
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Remsik J, Wilcox JA, Babady NE, McMillen T, Vachha BA, Halpern NA, Dhawan V, Rosenblum M, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Avila EK, Santomasso B, Boire A. Inflammatory leptomeningeal cytokines mediate delayed COVID-19 encephalopathy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.09.15.20195511. [PMID: 32995805 PMCID: PMC7523144 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.15.20195511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a wide spectrum of neurologic dysfunction. Here we show that a particularly vulnerable population with neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 harbor an influx of inflammatory cytokines within the cerebrospinal fluid in the absence of viral neuro-invasion. The majority of these inflammatory mediators are driven by type 2 interferon and are known to induce neuronal injury in other disease models. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-10 within the spinal fluid correlate with the degree of neurologic dysfunction. Furthermore, this neuroinflammatory process persists weeks following convalescence from the acute respiratory infection. These prolonged neurologic sequelae following a systemic cytokine release syndrome lead to long-term neurocognitive dysfunction with a wide range of phenotypes.
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11
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Ratio of IL-8 in CSF versus Serum Is Elevated in Patients with Unruptured Brain Aneurysm. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061761. [PMID: 32517149 PMCID: PMC7356854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Only scarce data pertaining to interleukin 8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) chemokines in human aneurysm can be found in the current literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum IL-8 and MCP-1 concentration in unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) patients (n = 25) compared to the control group (n = 20). IL-8 and MCP-1 concentrations were measured with ELISA method. We demonstrated that CSF IL-8 concentration of UIA patients is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that presented in the serum, which can indicate its local synthesis within central nervous system. CSF IL-8 concentration was also significantly related to aneurysm size, which may reflect the participation of IL-8 in the formation and development of brain aneurysms. IL-8 Quotient (CSF IL-8 divided by serum IL-8) in UIA patients was statistically higher compared to control individuals (p = 0.045). However, the diagnostic utility analysis did not equivocally indicate the diagnostic usefulness of the IL-8 Quotient evaluation in brain aneurysm patients. Nevertheless, this aspect requires further study.
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12
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Bogovič P, Lusa L, Korva M, Lotrič-Furlan S, Resman-Rus K, Pavletič M, Avšič-Županc T, Strle K, Strle F. Inflammatory Immune Responses in Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis: Dynamics and Association with the Outcome of the Disease. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110514. [PMID: 31683598 PMCID: PMC6920956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the association of inflammatory immune responses and disease outcome after tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is limited. In the present study, we assessed the levels of 24 cytokines/chemokines associated with innate and adaptive immune responses in matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 81 patients at first visit, and in serum at follow-up time points. Serum levels of several cytokines/chemokines obtained during the meningoencephalitic phase of TBE differed compared to the levels at a follow-up visit 2 months later; several significant differences were also found in cytokine/chemokine levels in serum at 2 months compared to the last time point, 2–7 years after acute illness. Cytokines/chemokines levels in CSF or serum obtained at the time of acute illness or serum levels obtained 2 months after the onset of TBE did not have predictive value for an unfavorable outcome 2–7 years later. In contrast, serum levels of mediators associated with Th17 responses were lower in patients with unfavorable outcome whereas those associated with other adaptive or innate immune responses were higher at the last visit in those with an unfavorable outcome. These findings provide new insights into the immunopathogenesis of TBE and implicate inflammatory immune responses with post-encephalitic syndrome years after the initial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bogovič
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Japljeva 2, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lara Lusa
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia.
| | - Miša Korva
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Stanka Lotrič-Furlan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Japljeva 2, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katarina Resman-Rus
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miša Pavletič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Klemen Strle
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Masachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Franc Strle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Japljeva 2, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Koper-Lenkiewicz OM, Kamińska J, Milewska A, Sawicki K, Jadeszko M, Mariak Z, Reszeć J, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Matowicka-Karna J. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid Neudesin concentration and Neudesin Quotient as potential circulating biomarkers of a primary brain tumor. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:319. [PMID: 30953468 PMCID: PMC6451205 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the previously suggested role of Neudesin in tumorigenesis and its potential as a novel target for the treatment of cancers, its prognostic value has never been examined. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate Neudesin concentrations in primary brain tumor patients and make a comparison with non-tumoral individuals. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum Neudesin concentration was evaluated by means of the ELISA method. Results The total group of brain tumor patients had statistically lower serum Neudesin concentrations compared to the non-tumoral group (P = 0.037). The meningeal tumor subgroup also had statistically lower serum Neudesin concentrations compared to the non-tumoral group (P = 0.012). The Astrocytic brain tumor subgroup had significantly higher CSF Neudesin concentrations compared to the non-tumoral group (P = 0.046). Neudesin Quotient (CSF concentration divided by serum concentration) in the astrocytic brain tumor subgroup was statistically higher compared to the non-tumoral group (P = 0.023). Males had statistically lower concentrations of the serum Neudesin compared to females (P = 0.047). Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that for women the serum Neudesin concentration was 1.53 times higher than for men. In the model of multivariate linear regression analysis, predictor variables influencing serum Neudesin concentrations included CSF Neudesin concentration and the Neudesin Quotient, if other model parameters are fixed. The developed model explains 82% of the variance in serum Neudesin concentration. Both linear regression models, univariate and multivariate, pointed to fewer factors with a potential to influence the Neudesin Quotient compared to serum Neudesin concentration. Conclusions In astrocytic brain tumor patients Neudesin concentrations within the cerebrospinal fluid are higher compared with non-tumoral individuals. Serum Neudesin concentration strongly correlates with its CSF level. In primary brain tumor patients serum Neudesin concentration is clearly gender-dependent. Linear regression models pointed to fewer factors that may influence the Neudesin Quotient value, which suggests it is a better biomarker of astrocytic brain tumors than serum and CSF Neudesin concentrations alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Koper-Lenkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Milewska
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Sawicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Jadeszko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Zenon Mariak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszeć
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
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14
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Koper OM, Kamińska J, Sawicki K, Reszeć J, Rutkowski R, Jadeszko M, Mariak Z, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Kemona H. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum IL-8, CCL2, and ICAM-1 concentrations in astrocytic brain tumor patients. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 187:767-775. [PMID: 29086194 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was the evaluation of serum and CSF concentrations of CCL2, IL-8, and sICAM-1 in patients with astrocytic tumors as compared to a group of non-tumoral patients. METHODS Chemokine concentrations were measured using the ELISA method. RESULTS Regardless of the parameter tested and the patient group (brain tumor or non-tumoral patients), statistical differences (P < 0.05) were found between concentrations obtained in CSF compared to values obtained in serum for all proteins tested. CSF IL-8 concentrations were significantly elevated in CNS tumor patients as compared to non-tumoral individuals (P = 0.000); serum CCL2 and sICAM-1 concentrations were significantly decreased in CNS tumors in comparison with the comparative group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.026, respectively). Among proteins tested in the serum, a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) revealed CCL2 compared to sICAM-1 in differentiating subjects with CNS brain tumors from non-tumoral subjects. AUC for CSF IL-8 was higher than for its index (CSF IL-8/serum IL-8). CONCLUSIONS For individual biomarkers (IL-8 and CCL2, sICAM-1), measured in CNS brain tumor patients, the appropriate material, respectively CSF or serum, should be chosen and quantitatively tested. Increased cerebrospinal fluid IL-8 with decreased serum CCL2 create a pattern of biomarkers, which may be helpful in the management of CNS astrocytic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Koper
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
| | - J Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - K Sawicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - J Reszeć
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - R Rutkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - M Jadeszko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Z Mariak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - V Dymicka-Piekarska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - H Kemona
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
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